The 16th Summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization saw key discussions on Central Asia. What was on the agenda? And finally, a vital ruling by Australian High Court has reversed its 20-year-old precedent when it comes to indefinite detention. What did the court decide? This is the Daily Debrief. These are your stories for the day. And before you go any further, please hit the subscribe button. One of the areas where the effects of the Ukraine war is most visible is Central Asia. The United States is sought to use the war to push its own agenda in the region. But the U.S. and Russia are not the only players. China, Turkey and Iran all have major stakes. In this context, the 16th Summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization, a forum of countries of the region, was keenly watched. We go back to Abdul for details of the summit that was held in Kazakhstan. Abdul, the 16th Economic Cooperation Organization summit taking place in Tashkent, actually very important region for multiple reasons. Of course, which you talked often about on this show, there is definitely an angle of geopolitical rivalry that is taking place over there, especially in the context of the Ukraine war. There is, of course, the Afghan crisis as well, in which all the countries concerned are definitely involved in various ways. So, could you maybe first take us through a bit about the organization itself and its mandate and also what really was covered during the summit? ECO is a very interesting organization, particularly given the fact that the reason, Central Asian region is one of those reasons in the world. Politics basically is not much talked about. And so it was basically formed, of course, as a successor of an earlier organization, but it was basically formed in 1985. It is headquartered in Tehran and it has 10 members, including Afghanistan and Azerbaijan. As you rightly pointed out while asking the question that Afghanistan has been constantly in war, ever since, you can say, the establishment of the organization. And there has been a long-lasting conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, which has also impacted its functioning. Apart from that, of course, the Iranian situation, which basically has been under sanction ever since the Revolution in 1979, has also kind of complicated its objectives. The basic mandate of the organization was to kind of remember that this organization was created at the time when the kind of neoliberal globalization was on its peak and there was an attempt to create as many free trade areas as possible at the time. So basic mandate of the organization was to create a free trade area among all the countries in the region. Of course, that has not materialized apart from the fact that there has been greater economic cooperation among all the countries, despite the sanctions, despite the war and despite the instabilities in countries, other member countries like in Pakistan, for example, which is also a very important country. So given all these complexities and given the fact that this is one of the reasons which basically is often neglected, ECO has been quite, you can say, kind of meaningful in terms of the overall economic cooperation in the region. So what was really happening at this summit in terms of what were the kind of major aspects of discussion? Well, apart from the issue of Palestine, which was raised by Iran and other member countries, despite it was not being officially included as something to discuss on the agenda, this was one thing, of course, which was discussed and it seems the majority of the countries in the grouping expressed their solidarity with the Palestinian issue. But when it comes to the larger economic mandate, of course, they talked about all the countries have basically started talking about strengthening the economic corridors, which have been basically strengthened due to the BRT involvement of China into it, which basically has strengthened the infrastructure in all the Central Asian countries in particular and countries like Pakistan. So there is a talk of kind of linking the Central Asia, which is a loin-lock region, through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea so that there can be greater trade of all these countries. So that was one discussion there. There is another attempt to kind of create another link through Turkey basically to the Mediterranean and beyond. So that was the primary discussion. Apart from the fact that it also basically talked about strengthening whatever bilateral and the multilateral agreements which are part of the ECO already. For example, there is an Asgabar agreement among all the five Central Asian countries to create more connectivity through infrastructure. Then there is, of course, there is BRT which has connected all the countries including Pakistan. Now it is increasingly building infrastructure in Iran as well. So that Iran can also be used as a link between the Central Asian countries and the countries in West Asia and other parts of the world. It was basically the primary agenda during this summit. Apart from the fact that Turkey also has basically proposed another corridor passing through Iran, again Iran and Turkey. And so these three corridors, corridor between Central Asia through Iran, corridor between Central Asia through Pakistan and corridor through Central Asia, Iran and Turkey where the primary was the primary agenda. Abdull also finally for the benefit of our viewers you could sort of tell us the kind of geopolitical games that are really taking place in that area because recently with the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict we saw the United States also making a very sustained intervention in what is long considered Russia's backyard as well and Turkey is also involved, Iran is also involved. Yeah, so Central Asia is now gaining much more attention primarily because earlier attempts by the U.S. to intervene in the region post-1990s did not bring that great result because Russia asserted its authority in the region then China also basically pitched in through economic cooperation because and through the SCO-Sangai Cooperation Organization which most of the Central Asian countries are part of. It has expanded and Iran and other countries are also becoming members of it. So because of the strong Chinese and Russian presence in the region given their larger geographical proximity and given their historical close links with all these countries it was difficult for the U.S. to kind of go make inroads and create the kind of grounds there for launching its larger you can say approaches a larger strategy towards the region to control particularly the Iranian and the Chinese involvement in the region which has basically has not materialized for a very long time but as you rightly pointed out because of the Armenia-Azerbaijan recent developments in which Turkey has taken a certain stand Turkey took a certain stand which basically has created a possibility for the U.S. and Israel to kind of create greater kind of links with these two countries and kind of move in. This is also related to what is happening in Ukraine. So since it is considered that Russia is more involved in Ukraine Russia has less energy and resources time to basically devote to the region and this is seen as a perfect time to kind of intervene there but I think despite the these openings created for the U.S. due to the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict or due to the Ukraine war it seems it will be very difficult for the U.S. to kind of have any presence which will replace Russians or the Chinese for various reasons as I said before because of the historical reasons and because of the larger economic integration which SEO, BRT and aggressive Russian involvement in the region has created so it will be not easy for the U.S. to kind of play its geopolitical games in the region as it looks from the surface. Abil, thank you so much for that analysis and finally a few days ago the Australian High Court declared that indefinite detention of asylum seekers is illegal the verdict is likely to impact scores and marks at reversal of a 20-year-old precedent we go to Anish for the details. Anish can you tell us a bit about this verdict activists calling it a landmark decision as far as a lot of people who are in Australia as far as the settlement is concerned, refugees are concerned what is really this verdict about? The verdict primarily talks about whether or not the government can hold people indefinitely in detention because they are asylum seekers or irregular or undocumented asylum seekers that have come into the country. Now the thing is that in 1992 when the Australian government then a labor government actually created a new set of laws that actually allowed for indefinite detention it was challenged in the Supreme Court previously in 2004 they gave out a verdict saying that the law was constitutional because as long as the government had the eventual intention that they will somehow deport these people they can hold them under indefinite detention. Now the thing is that the same High Court is now finding it that if the government has not been able to find any clear place for these people to actually find another place, a safe deportation so to say it cannot really hold them under indefinite detention and that's the most important part of it. The case of the person's character background is irrelevant in this matter and it's the fact that they have been held under indefinite detention with no charges, with no cases against them or anything that actually prevents them under common laws or common human rights legal structure and so this is going to be a landmark decision because this actually essentially reverses the last 20-30 years of a system that actually allowed governments of the government to actually indefinitely detain hundreds, thousands of people whether or not they came by force, whether they had their visas expired so it is going to have a significant impact especially on people who are stateless. In this specific case, we can actually look at the fact that there was problematic history with this person. He was convicted of a very serious crime and obviously the countries that Australia tried to send him to as part of its deportation program did not work and the fact that he's a Rohingya Muslim meant that he cannot be deported back to Myanmar where he will be completely unsafe where he's not even recognized as a citizen. So the question for the court was simply whether or not this person had or was safe to be deported or would be deported to begin with and if he is not to be deported under any foreseeable future then this person is not liable to be kept under detention indefinitely and this is something that is going to affect, as I said, multiple people, around 92 people at the very least according to activists and different estimates are going to be impacted because they are people who are stateless who have come to Australia seeking asylum because they are a consecutive minority back home and they cannot be returned back under any circumstances because it would be completely unsafe for them and so this is what the ruling pretty much boils down to really just ask the question of whether the government can detain any kind of person indefinitely and but this might also have repercussions on other kinds of asylum seekers who cannot be detained under different circumstances. Right Anish, of course like you said while in this case the specific instances of a man convicted of very serious crimes the judgment itself has a much larger implication and I think we've talked about some of these issues during COVID-19 also when Australia had a very problematic approach towards refugees. Definitely, definitely because at the time this actually came was highlighted primarily because the offshore asylum detention centres came into light about dozens of people at the time I think more than 130 or 140 people were held under different offshore detention facilities including in Nauru and Papua de Guinea and that was pretty much at the highlight and many of them had to be evacuated because of COVID-19 outbreaks and so the question came up and most of them none of them were convicted of any other crimes most of them were very genuine asylum seekers who did not have the means to go through the regular channels as the government insists many of them came by boat and so these people had to be evacuated immediately and some of them who were evacuated but kept under other kind of indefinite detention within Australia so it was a very inhuman kind of system and Australia is one of the few so to say higher income economies or you know part of all sorts of human rights charter who still has this set of immigration laws that actually allows for an indefinite detention and it is something that none of the governments or the successive or even the current one have shown any intention to change and this actually puts into risk a lot of people including children many of the detainees came to Australia by boat as teenagers like this person in question but also others and they were kept under different sort of indefinite detention right now Australia detains about as a detained population of about a thousand or more across the country and also some in the offshore detention at least a hundred or so children among them and so these people are also to be considered when the implications of this ruling is going to be unraveled in the coming phase Thank you so much Anish for that and that's all we have in today's episode of Daily Deep Brief we'll be back tomorrow meanwhile do visit our website peoplesdispatch.org and if you're watching this on YouTube do hit that subscribe button


The universe is in constant motion everywhere we look. Consider a simple moonrise over the ridge of mountains in the distance. Consider more human-made motion. For instance, the act of launching a rocket off the surface of the Earth, putting it into some distant path that takes it around our planet. Or consider a simple game of pool. Everywhere you look, objects move in more than one dimension. In pool, they can move along the surface of the table, which is two-dimensional motion. They can even hop. One ball can hop another if struck properly, which is motion in three-dimension. Let us begin to explore the tools that are needed to describe motion in more than one dimension. The key ideas that we will encounter in this section of the course are as follows. We will learn that we can combine one-dimensional descriptions of motion, that is, position and time, displacement, velocity and acceleration, with the vector concept and extend our description of motion to the full three spatial dimensions. The concepts of average and instantaneous quantities can also be extended into three dimensions. And finally, we will see that three-dimensional motion, and for the purposes of this section of the course, we will primarily concentrate on two-dimensional motion, is not simple, but we will learn how to deal with it using the toolkit that we built in this part of the course. And some very beautiful examples of motion in at least two dimensions are illustrated in the graphic on the right, which was produced by NASA to show the passage of the comet Cahutek, near Earth in the period between 1973 and 1974. The comet's trajectory, as it slingshots around the sun, is shown in red, where the nearly circular orbit of Earth, as our planet goes around the sun, is shown in blue. And you can see that there were two points of close approach between the comet and Earth in this motion, once when it entered the inner region of the solar system and once when it exited the inner region of our solar system. And you can imagine that it's extremely important for us not only to be able to describe motion in two and three dimensions, but to use what we know about the laws of physics and descriptions of motion to make predictions so that we can understand when bodies from outside of our planet, for instance, which in the past have caused at least one major extinction on the planet, are going to pass near our planet so that we can observe them, and also understand if things like that will be a threat to life as we know it. Let us begin by looking at position and its description in more than one dimension. And for the purposes, as I said earlier of this lecture, we're going to concentrate on two-dimensional descriptions, but you can fairly easily see once you grasp the mathematics of two dimensions how one would then extend it to three and extend the ideas learned here into the additional third spatial dimension. Let us begin by thinking about a point in space, and we know that we need a coordinate system in order to describe location in space and that that coordinate system needs to be divided into regularly sized units. So let us employ a Cartesian coordinate system with an X and a Y axis. These axes are delineated in units of centimeters, and we can see here that our coordinate axes span from 0 to 3 centimeters in the horizontal and vertical directions. We place a point in this coordinate system represented by the blue dot, and we note that it has a position whose location in this spatial system can be written using X and Y coordinates with the subscript 1 to indicate, for instance, the first position of an object. And we can read off of the coordinate system that these are at 1.5 centimeters along the horizontal and 2 centimeters along the vertical. So we can denote this point in space as 1.5 comma 2 in units of centimeters. Now we can go back to the vector concept, and we can just as easily represent this point in space as part of a vector. The vector begins at the origin of the coordinate system, and it extends until its arrowhead reaches the point 1.5 comma 2. And we've seen how to write a vector with these features, and so we would write this vector in two dimensions using the letter R. And again, since this is the first point in space, the first vector that we're going to write down, we can denote it with a subscript 1, and of course we have to put the vector arrow hat over the top of the R. And so in vector notation, we see that this is a vector that has a horizontal component of length 1.5 centimeters pointing in the positive X direction, denoted by I hat, and length 2 centimeters in the vertical direction, denoted by J hat. Now we could write a second point, and we can represent the location of that point in space, again using coordinates in our Cartesian coordinate system. Let's imagine that this point represents the position of the object we first started describing a moment ago with X1 and Y1 at some later time, for instance, time 2. And let's denote the location of this red point in space, the later location of the same object as X2 and Y2. And we can again read off the graph, and we can see that the object is now located at this later time at 2.5 comma 1 centimeters in X comma Y coordinates. And we can again represent this as a vector, now drawn in red, as an arrow. And this vector begins at the origin and has the components shown here, which we take directly from the coordinate location of the point, which is where the arrow hat ends. Now we have two vectors representing two locations in space. The first location is a position of an object at an earlier time, the second location is the position of the same object at a later time, and we can ponder the following question. What now, in two dimensions, is the displacement from the earlier time to the later time? So think about that question for a moment, maybe try working out the answer for your own without having really advanced through the subject very much. Use paper, use a writing implement. When you feel like you would like to move on, you can do so. But I would encourage you to pause the video at this point. Try to work the answer out for yourself based on what we've learned about vector and specifically vector arithmetic. And then when you're ready to resume, resume the video. The displacement is still, and as ever always, defined as the difference between the two positions, with the earlier one subtracted from the later one. So the earlier position was given by the vector r1, and the later one was given by the vector r2. Now in one dimension, if we only had one coordinate axis to deal with, for instance the x-axis, and we had an early location x1 and a later location x2, we would have written the displacement as delta x equals x2 minus x1. And in reality, nothing really changes. This definition remains the same. We merely extend it to two or more dimensions. In more than one dimension, the displacement is the subtraction of two vectors. And that makes that resulting object from the subtraction also a vector. As we saw in the first lecture on vectors, taking one vector and adding or subtracting it from another results in a vector. So the displacement in more than one dimension can be written as a vector, and we will denote this as delta r vector, where the vector arrow hat goes over the letter r. The delta again indicates difference, and so what is the difference we're going to compute? It's the earlier vector subtracted from the later one, so r2 vector minus r1 vector. And again in vectors part one we learned how to subtract vectors mathematically and graphically. So let's try each of those approaches and see what we can learn about the answer to this question for the example shown on the left. Let's do graphical subtraction first. To do the graphical representation of the subtraction of two vectors, you draw a vector that points from the arrow head of the vector being subtracted, that is r1 vector in this case, to the arrow head of the vector from which it's being subtracted, that is r2 vector in this case. So let's take a look at what this would look like. We're going to draw a vector that goes from r1 vector to r2 vector from arrow head to arrow head, with the tail of this arrow representing the difference, the displacement starting on the earlier vectors arrow head and pointing to the later vectors arrow head. And so if we go ahead and draw that, we see here delta r vector represented graphically. Without writing a single mathematical equation, we've arrived at a possible answer to the question. What is the displacement? Now of course we want to always have at least two ways of assessing the answer to a question. That helps us to build confidence and the reliability of the results that we obtain. So let us also do the mathematical approach. Let's do the mathematical subtraction. This will allow us to gain a representation of the actual vector delta r vector. So we begin by writing down the definition of the displacement in more than one dimension delta r vector equals r2 vector minus r1 vector. From the previous slide we have the mathematical forms of r2 and r1. So we substitute those in square brackets where once we had r2 vector, we write it out in its full x and y component glory and we do the same for r1 and we subtract these two bracketed quantities from each other to represent the subtraction of r1 from r2. Now I'm not going to go through all the steps. You should practice this at this moment so I'd recommend pausing this video and making sure that the answer I show you here makes sense to you. But what you should find when you do the subtraction grouping together terms that have common unit vectors and then applying the arithmetic operations to their coefficients to get simplified coefficients that singly multiply each unit vector i hat and j hat, you should find that the x component of the resulting delta r vector has a length of one centimeter and points in the i hat direction positive, so positive along x, and that the y component also has a length of one centimeter, but it does not point up in the positive y direction. It points down in the negative j hat direction against the direction of positive increasing y values. So we have two answers, a graphical one and a mathematical one. Are they the same? Well we can begin to check the math answer against the graphical one. The math answer describes a vector with a horizontal component pointing to the right and a vertical component pointing down and in fact that's exactly what our delta r graphical vector, the arrow here, does. It has a component that points down and a component that points right and that's how we get from its tail to its arrow head. Now you could also additionally print this out on a piece of paper and take a ruler and verify that in fact the length of this side of the right triangle representing the vertical component is the same, at least as approximately as you can get it with a ruler and paper, as the horizontal component or the horizontal side of this right triangle. There are many checks you can do at this point. This is already a good one just to get the sense that these answers are consistent even though we used two approaches on this slide. Now motion in more than one dimension doesn't only have to be the kind of simple implied straight line motion from 0.1 to 0.2 that we just explored. That was to motivate us. But now it's time to unscrew the training wheels from this exercise and begin to dig a little bit more deeply into displacement and complex motion in at least two dimensions. So again on the left here I have a Cartesian coordinate system. It has an x-axis and centimeters. It has a y-axis and centimeters. I've expanded the axes now to go from 0 to 5 centimeters. And let's think about the kinds of complex motions in two dimensions that an object might take. We can think of that complex motion as a large collection of points each with its own x-y coordinate. And those points are so closely spaced that we can't see the gaps between them and they appear to our eye as a continuous and unbroken line of motion in x and y. And this is represented by the black curve shown over here on this Cartesian coordinate system on the left. This represents a motion that at time 0 begins at the origin 0, 0 and proceeds along the curve for later and later times until we reach this point back on the x-axis here just before 4 centimeters on the x-axis. Now note that time itself is absent from this picture. In other words, you can't tell whether points that are near each other for instance here on the motion curve occur within close times or whether the number of the amount of time for instance that passes in this early part of the curve could because of the forces involved happen to be equal to the amount of time represented by the rest of the curve up to the apex of the curve. I just point this out not to confuse you or confound you but to note that you need to be cautious when looking at a graph only showing position in two dimensions that time is not represented here and so you don't really have any knowledge at this moment from this graph of exactly how points in x, y are clumped in time. So just something to keep in mind if you're asked to talk about the time structure of the motion how many of these points occur in the first second how many of these points occur in the next second you really can't answer that question from this graph. But continuing on thinking about curves representing motion in space let us pick one point on the curve at some time which we call t1 and let's draw the vector that represents marking off that point. Remember in the previous part of this lecture we drew a dot, we gave its x, y coordinates and then we represented that dot as a vector starting at the origin with its arrowhead placed where the dot had been. I'm skipping the placing of the dot and simply now representing this specific point on the black curve using the arrowhead of this blue arrow. Now I'm going to pick another point at a different time, t2 and again remember we don't know how much later t2 is than t1 we just know because of what I said earlier that this point over here on the right side of the curve occurs later in time than this point up here near the apex of the curve. Now I've similarly drawn the vector for this space point x2, y2 at time t2. So I have two space points, two arrows representing the locations in x, y of those points. Let's ask a question. What would the arrow representing the displacement between the spatial points at t1 and t2 look like keeping in mind that t2 is later than t1? So maybe pause the video here, sketch this out on a piece of paper try to draw the arrow that represents the displacement between these two points. Resume the video when you think you've got an answer that you're satisfied with. By now you should be practiced enough to have drawn the arrow shown in red over here on the graph. It begins its journey on the arrow that represents the location of this object at the earlier time and then we draw the arrow straight until its arrowhead reaches the arrowhead of the second point which is the later location in space of this object at the later time t2. This red arrow is the displacement arrow and we could denote this as delta r vector with the subscript 1, 2 to indicate that it shows the displacement between these two points 1 and 2. Let us now imagine shrinking the distance along the curve over which we calculate the displacement. We have picked this section of the black curve and calculated a large average displacement between the first point and the second. So what I'd like to do now is imagine and we'll do it here on the graph, shrinking the distance along the black curve over which I calculate the displacement. So we begin first with the displacement we just had that's still shown here on the left and in the next step we can begin to shrink the distance along the black curve over which the displacement is calculated. So now I've kept my first location fixed but I've now considered a location in the curve that's a little bit closer in space than the first displacement and you see here indeed the displacement arrow has shrunk and it points in a slightly different direction than the first one did. I can flip between these two so that you can see that. Let's continue shrinking the displacement. I now shrink it a little bit more by moving the point at the later time even closer in time and in space back to the first point and we again see that the displacement arrow is shrinking in length and is pointing in a different direction as we continue to move closer and closer to the first point. And we do this one more time and now we're getting very close. The displacement is getting very small but nonetheless is still a vector that points in a direction and has a link. Even though it's growing shorter it still maintains its vector properties. Let me do this one more time and now we see that the second vector is growing extremely close to the first one. In fact, probably on the video you'll have a slightly hard time even seeing the little arrow that I've drawn here representing the displacement between the second point and the first point but nonetheless it is still an arrow with physical extent, it has length, it has direction, it is still a vector. As the displacement is shrinking we can think about questions. For instance, what other quantity is shrinking in size as we close the gap between R2 vector and R1 vector? And what geometric quantity does the displacement vector begin to resemble more and more as the displacement shrinks? So let's think about these two questions. What other quantity is shrinking in size as I've been closing the gap between R2 and R1? And then what geometric quantity and think again about curved shapes and geometric objects that can be used to represent the behavior of those shapes? What geometric quantity does the displacement vector begin to resemble more and more as we shrink this displacement between point two and point one? So pause the video here, consider these questions, see if you can come up with even vague answers to some of these and we'll move on, resume the video when you're ready. Let's answer those questions beginning with the first one. That first question was what other quantity is shrinking as I close the gap between the points, R2 vector and R1 vector? And the other quantity that's shrinking as we close the displacement gap is the time displacement. Remember what I said earlier, we don't know the time structure along the black curve, but we do know that points on the left side of the curve occur at earlier times than those to the right of them on the curve. And so as we move point two closer to point one, whatever the time structure is, we are nonetheless closing the time gap between these two locations in space of whatever object represented by this curve. After all, the black curve is made from a set of very closely spaced XY points and each of those is marked by a time T and time increases as we move along the curve to the right. So mathematically what is happening is that with each closing of the gap, we are sending the delta T between those two points closer and closer to zero. We are probing the displacement in smaller and smaller units of time and we know how to represent that operation, the shrinking of a quantity sending its value toward zero using a mathematical operator limits. And specifically the mathematical limit that we are taking in this case is we are sending delta T to zero and considering the displacement vector in shorter and shorter units of time. We are putting this all together with our previous approaches to displacement and time and come to an understanding of a quantity we've seen before but now in more than one dimension. Putting this all together what we are doing here graphically over on the left can be represented mathematically as probing the direction that the velocity vector is pointing and the way we get to that is we take delta R and we divide it by delta T and we consider that ratio in smaller and smaller and smaller chunks of time taking the limit as delta T goes to zero and recall that in one dimension as we explored this we came to recognize that this is what is known in calculus as the first derivative with respect to time of a function and that function is the vector R. We can denote that as dr vector dt now the time derivative of a vector yields a vector in the same way that if you were to and we'll see this maybe demonstrated out a little bit as we do homework and exercises and class and so forth if you were to just take this object and forget for a moment that this is the first derivative with respect to time and work through it there's nothing that ever gets rid of the unit vectors that appear in the numerator of this ratio and so those unit vectors are preserved into whatever quantity results after finishing taking the limit as delta T goes to zero. This all was simply the definition of velocity instantaneous velocity specifically but we shorthand that by referring to velocity so in two dimensions or in three dimensions the limit as delta T goes to zero of the average velocity that is delta R vector over delta T is the instantaneous velocity which in calculus is the first derivative with respect to time of the vector R and that is denoted by V with the arrow head vector hat over it. We have just witnessed in this progression of looking at displacement over shorter and shorter periods of time then calculating the average velocity in those shorter and shorter periods and considering what happens to that velocity as we grow the displacement to infinitesimal times we have just witnessed a graphical and mathematical evolution that defines the first derivative in any number of dimensions in space. So we can now see how calculus really does emerge quite naturally from any consideration of motion we've inescapably do to loop back and hit this concept of a derivative that is the change in a quantity in a very small infinitesimal unit of another quantity in this case the change in distance between two points in space as one considers shorter and shorter times over which those displacements are measured. Now we can do this for complex motion we have a full vector definition of velocity in more than one dimension but what does the displacement vector for smaller and smaller slices of delta t actually represent and this comes back to the second question what geometric feature does the displacement vector in smaller slices of time actually represent graphically if not mathematically. We can see the answer to this better by zooming in on the top of this black curve that we've been looking at. I have simply magnified the Cartesian coordinate system to focus on the location near the apex of the curve I was showing you a moment ago the curve has exactly the same shape we've merely zoomed in and let me put some of our displacement vector stuff back on this. So we've now magnified the curve and we can look more closely at these small time slices to see what this displacement vector has been doing as we shrink the displacements that we consider by shrinking the time slices we consider. So here is a vector indicating the location of the first point the one at or near the apex of the curve. Here is a vector representing a displacement that I was showing you a moment ago. This one was extremely close at the end of our progression of shrinking times on the previous slides but now that we've zoomed in we see that they're a little bit more far apart on this scale from one another and so it will be easier to see the displacement arrow when I draw it. Here is the displacement arrow which I've labeled here delta R12 vector and now it's much easier to see what this displacement arrow is doing pointing from the first vector to the second vector. Now don't be fooled by where the arrow heads actually stick out it's sort of a byproduct of the drawing process here that the arrow heads wind up poking out a little bit further than the actual point at the end of the arrow but don't let the details distract you from the point which is that you can now clearly see the displacement between these two locations on the motion curve much more clearly than you were able to see them before. I can now continue to move the second vector closer to the first decreasing again the time units over which we're considering the displacement. Here's delta R12 vector and again the red arrow indicates its direction and it's getting harder to see again even though I only moved this about half way closer than where it was before that arrow is getting small again but nonetheless that displacement arrow still has physical extent it has direction it has length. So these displacements are getting really hard to see when I zoom in and so I'm going to play a little mathematical trick here I'm going to extend the displacement vector by scaling it by a number so originally the displacement vector pointed from where it's supposed to from where it starts to where it ends the first vector to the second vector arrow head to arrow head closing the gap between them but I can multiply the length of this vector by a number four now that changes its length yes can't argue with that but remember that scaling the length of a vector does not alter its direction and so I have preserved the direction of this displacement vector while sacrificing its length so that we can actually see this thing. So now it's much easier to see where this vector starts and where it points. Again keep thinking about that question what geometric quantity does the displacement vector seem to represent more and more as we shrink the displacement that is shrink the unit of time over which we're considering displacements between points on the motion curve I can shrink the gap one more time and now I've had to extend the displacement vector by a factor of eight just so you can see it at all on this graph we're shrinking the displacement more and more what do you notice about the geometric relationship between the motion curve the black line and the direction of the displacement vector as we shrink the displacement but as we keep shrinking the gap between the second point and the first point and calculating the displacement in that tinier and tinier unit of time and here I've gone even close so close that you can barely see the difference between the two arrows now representing the two locations on the motion curve. Nonetheless it is still a finite non-zero displacement between them but I've had to extend the length of the displacement arrow by a thousand just so you can see it and you'll notice that this displacement arrow is resembling more and more as we keep going a line that is tangent to the motion curve that is a straight line that touches the tangent curve at the point represented by R1 vector the first object location in time that line only touches the curve at that point ok in fact in the exact limit that delta T goes to zero the displacement vector and thus the velocity which points in the same direction as the displacement vector is exactly tangent to the motion curve it only touches the motion curve at one place and that place is the point where we're trying to calculate the derivative the limit of the displacement divided by the delta T in the limit that delta T goes to zero so what have we learned from considering motion in two dimensions and very small displacements we've learned that displacement is very clearly itself a vector which we've written as delta R vector and it has both direction and magnitude and this displacement in the limit very small units of time between the space points becomes the tangent to the motion curve at the initial point of motion we can then consider very small displacements in the limit that the time over which we're measuring these displacements goes to zero and if we take that displacement and divide it by the very small time over which we're making this consideration we arrive at the general that is two or three dimensional definition of velocity the limit as delta T goes to zero of the difference between the R vectors at a slightly later time T plus delta T and the original time T as we send delta T to zero this looks exactly like the definition of the first derivative we explored a few lectures ago and indeed this is exactly defined as the first derivative with respect to time of the vector R so if I were to give you the functional form of R as it varies with time that is how the blue arrow varies in direction and length with time as we move along the motion curve you in principle can employ this equation and solve for the answer what is the velocity at any time T instantaneous velocity very powerful tool so we've come to understand that the first derivative of displacement with respect to time not only defines velocity and points in the same direction as the tangent vector to the motion of the curve we have we have seen how powerful calculus is and why it is so utterly necessary it is inevitable when you study motion especially on small time scales that is any small unit of displacement we are stuck with calculus and that's a good thing because calculus is an extremely powerful tool for coming to a better understanding of the natural world and without it we would not have modern engineering we would not have modern data science we would not have modern computer science all of these things rely on basic ideas about small changes in one quantity when another quantity changes by a little bit very powerful notion that gives us tremendous information about the natural world we can put this all together and I'm not going to go into all the details of this because it would just be a repetition of everything I just showed you for displacement, time and how you get to velocity from those concepts but we can combine displacement and velocity and time and get acceleration we have all of these quantities now two and three spatial dimensions are the ones we care about so from the efforts that we put into this so far, we know that a point in two dimensions can be expressed as x,y a vector starting from the origin and pointing to that location in space can be written as follows the vector r is given by x i hat plus y j hat in two dimensions where x and y are the coordinates marking the location of the arrowhead explicitly beginning from the origin 0,0 the displacement between any two such vectors in space is also a vector and it results from subtracting two position vectors so if we have a position at some later time t2 we call that r2 vector and we have the position at the earlier time t1, we call that r1 vector the displacement delta r vector is given by r2 vector minus r1 vector now if we're considering extremely small units of time delta t approaching 0 then we can rewrite this for instance we can know the functional form how r depends on time as time changes we can write this as the function r at some time t plus delta t minus the function at some earlier time t and then if we consider small displacements in time we can arrive at the definition of velocity velocity is merely the first derivative in time of the displacement vector and it points in the direction of displacement so wherever displacement points velocity points this is extremely useful if you know the displacement the magnitude of the velocity but you can certainly tell me its direction of course acceleration is just a riff on this acceleration would then be the first time derivative of changes in velocity, so velocity displacements if you will that's also a vector the change in velocity points in the direction of acceleration so just as velocity points in the same direction as displacement in space acceleration points in the same direction as changes in velocity or displacements in velocity space if you want to think about it that way and again acceleration or instantaneous acceleration is merely the limit as delta t goes to 0 of v treated as a function of time evaluated at t plus delta t where t is the initial time and delta t is the small amount of time we're going to add to that to look at that velocity a little bit later minus the velocity at the original time t divided by delta t this is the definition of the first derivative of velocity with respect to time in fact the definition of the first derivative of something with respect to anything else is something in the numerator with this structure dependent on the anything else divided by the anything else and the limit that it goes to 0 this is a very generic formula for first derivative you can determine the form of the first derivative of anything with respect to anything else by using this formula so let's take a look at example of applying calculus to a specific functional form for the vector r where r is a function of time so consider a position that changes with time in the following way we have x as a function of time the x coordinate is given by j times t, t is time the y coordinate at any time t is also a function of time and it's given by k times t but squared so t is squared in the y equation of motion now what are j and k? they are merely constants of the motion, they are numbers whose values do not depend on time whatever j is at time 0 it's the same value at time 1000 seconds, 10 seconds 15 seconds, 55 seconds it's a constant, its value never changes of course the units of j and k are not the same because we have to get position on the left hand side and t has units of seconds what would the units of j be? because we have to get position on the left hand side for y but now t is squared so we have units of second squared here what units of k would you need in order to get meters for instance over here on the left you should arrive at the conclusion that j and k may be constants they don't have the same units they are there to balance the equation and make sure we go from the correct units on the right side to the same units on the left side now to answer the question what is the velocity vector at any time t we need to consider very small nearly infinitesimal changes in time relative to the original time t for which we want to answer this so we want to know the velocity at time t but to answer that question we need to consider what happens to position at t plus delta t where delta t is some tiny little add-on to the original time t and compare that to what was going on at the original time t and then send delta t to zero so we are going to write the vector r vector is a function of time we are going to write the velocity as a exercise in computing the limit delta t goes to zero of the displacement divided by delta t and then we are going to consider the changes in such a limit so let's begin the vector r would be given by the x component times the unit vector i hat plus the y component times the unit vector j hat well we know what x of t and y of t these functions of time are x of t is jt y of t is kt squared and so we just make the substitution and we arrive at the final form of the vector r as a function of time it is jt i hat plus kt squared j hat that's as far as we can go with this there is no further simplification we can make to make this look any prettier or any less complex so let's move on to calculating the displacement delta r as a function of time two closely spaced times t plus delta t and just t well that's going to look like this the displacement is going to be the difference in the x positions times i hat and the difference in the y positions times j hat and all of that will be added together well we need to evaluate x at the time t plus delta t and we need to evaluate x at the time t and similarly we need to evaluate y at the time t plus delta t and at the time t we do that in the next step we are going to have x of t plus delta t is going to be j times the time quantity which is t plus delta t and then x of t is just j times t then we have y of t plus delta t well that is going to be k times the time quantity squared and that is t plus delta t squared and we are going to subtract from that y at the time t which is just kt squared now we have the unit vectors still out in front of all of this we have i hat over here and j hat over here and all of this has been added together still so all we have done is substituted for the values of the functions at the respective time quantities t plus delta t and t next we want to write down the definition of the velocity our goal is to find the velocity of time t so to get the answer to that question we need to take the limit as delta t goes to zero of the displacement vector divided by delta t well I am not going to work out all the algebraic steps for you I would recommend that perhaps you pause the video at this point and make sure that the following equation is a sensible result of what happens next but the bottom line is that we wind up substituting in with the vector delta r which we calculated here and dividing by delta t we are going to wind up expanding out a polynomial in the numerator canceling out a bunch of terms that look like each other but have opposite signs in front of them so one is positive and one is negative and then we are going to be left with this quantity j delta t in the i hat direction plus k times this quantity 2t delta t plus delta t squared in the j direction all divided by delta t and so this delta t in the denominator is going to cancel this delta t here and one of the delta t's that can be pulled out of this full polynomial and in the end when we send delta t to zero we are going to find out that the only terms that survive the limit are an x term j i hat and a piece of the y term j hat this is the equation for the velocity at any time t what do you notice about the x component of the velocity and the y component of the velocity well one observation is the x component does not depend on time the velocity in the x direction is constant in time at any time t the velocity along x is the same this is different than the y term in the y direction we see that the velocity has an explicit dependence on time time appears in here multiplied by the numbers 2 and k so in fact as time evolves the velocity component in the y direction will change but it has no effect on the x component the x component of velocity and the y component of velocity don't talk to each other so the x component continues along at a constant rate while the y component varies with time in fact it increases with time as time gets bigger the y component gets larger this would suggest there's something accelerating in the y direction the motion of this object so let's review the key ideas that we have explored in this lecture we have combined one dimensional descriptions of motion position and time, displacement, velocity, acceleration with the vector concept we developed in vectors part 1 and we've extended our description of motion to 3 dimensions the concepts of average and instantaneous quantities have also been extended into 3 dimensions now we've used 2 dimensions as an example but nothing I've done on the previous batch of slides couldn't be repeated with a 3-dimensional example by adding a term with a k hat unit vector and a number multiplying that representing the length of the component in the z direction everything can be repeated again for that and you'll see that in terms of format nothing changes the problems may get more complex because you have one more dimension to deal with but the format in which you solve those problems in which you describe those motions is identical such motions in many dimensions and we're going to begin to explore kinds of 2-dimensional motion which at first may seem quite complex but through the lens of the mathematics that we have come to develop here we will begin to see that it's not as bad as it seems assuming you can make simplifying assumptions about what forces are acting in certain situations and you'll begin to pick apart even seemingly complex motions and even under the situation of approximations get very useful answers out of those mathematical approaches to understanding the motion and we'll get that because we have a toolkit of space and time calculus and vectors that we can bring to bear even on motions that seem as complex as comets swinging around the sun planets orbiting in regular and nearly circular patterns as they revolve around the parent star


Welcome everybody, my name is Fowl Still. I want to start off and talk about what is going on with today with Reddit, everything that's happening in the stock market. You guys are probably freaking out. Well, I want to start a whole new trend. It is now officially called the millennial lockout. Go out there, tweet it, share it, friend it, Instagram it, TikTok it. But this technically is the official millennial lockout. Why do I call it the millennial lockout? Well, guess what? Listen, I'm not a kid anymore. I'm 47 years old. But when I started, I was like you. I was 22 years old. And I know why you're here right now. I know why you're watching this video, because you guys want to figure out what the hell just happened. Guess what? I've been doing this for 25 years. I've been through three of these already. You ever heard of the $25,000 day trading rule? Because what I'm about to tell you the next few moments, when you're seeing what's happening right now between your eyes, guess what? The government's going to start stepping in, and they're going to pass regulation. How do I know that? Because back in 2000, when I started, actually, I started in 1995, this was just the same thing that just happened, the same exact thing. Day trading offices opening up everywhere, boiler rooms opening up everywhere, all over the place. It was the greatest thing. It was the hottest, most sexiest, best thing that happened, because people are sick and tired of saying, you know what, there's a better way than going out there and working for somebody to make $15 an hour. Then, back then, what's the minimum wage now? Hammering nails, working construction. Listen, this is the beginning. Be prepared. Regulation is going to come. How do I know that? Because I've been there, I've done that. This is just the start. I'm going to talk about a couple of them. I'm going to go over a couple of things. I want to tell you exactly what to expect. I know you guys are going crazy. What do I do? Robin Hood just shut down. They knew they were going to close down. Who do I open an account with? How should I open an account with? What is happening? Why are all these stocks like GameStop and every single one? What do we got? We got AMC, Naked, Bobby J. What else we got? EXPR, I mean, KOSS for Crime at Life. I do this every day, every day. What are you guys worried about? You already think you just found a pot of gold? We're doing this every day for 25 years. And guess what? Don't get upset. Just join them. Just join them.  Just join them. Listen, I live here in Long Island. This is the financial capital of the world. I live across the street from some big traders in the industry. I live in an area where all the top traders of the industry work in. They don't like me. They don't like me because I am on your side. I left the trading industry because I thought it was disgusting what was happening, what they were doing. Actually, I didn't like the idea that whatever they taught me, I had to split the profits. That's where it came down to it. Well, guess what? But they said, hey, Falstow, if you don't like what we do, God bless you, because all these great, all these traders, all these algorithms, all these instant net machines, all these direct access that we're giving you, it's going to be gone. I found a way, and I said, you know what? I don't need you. But I did find out one thing that I learned. I learned that the only way that you guys could be successful is you've got to stick together. You have to stick together. You've got to build an alliance, a team. That's what I learned of being in the trading industry. And I've been doing this ever since. I run the first trading industry in the complete, the first school in the industry and the first day trading room in the whole industry. Now you see them pop all the left and right. But they don't know why. They don't know why they started it. I'm telling you right now, and this is where it starts, and because you guys were affected by the millennial lockout, now you have to realize how to benefit from it because get prepared, regulations coming. You can't beat Wall Street. You can't beat Wall Street.  You know what? They are in the hands of the politicians.  They did it to me back in 2000 when they passed the $25,000 day trading rule. You know what I'm talking about. Okay, a lot of you can't open an account because you got $25,000 in your account. The day trading rule, it was discriminatory. You want to talk about discriminating? That was discriminating. Discriminating is just not discriminating about blacks or whites. It was also discriminating on day traders. You know who passed that rules? The mutual funds, the hedge funds. They didn't like the idea that we had technology to be and become one of them. Guess what? Welcome to Wall Street. You know what I've learned? Don't worry about it. You can't beat them, join them. But I can tell you this. If it wasn't for the $25,000 day trading rule, people would have never went to Forex. People would have never joined options. They would have never joined futures. And you think trading the stocks is risky? Try one of those. It's a lot more riskier. Trading stocks is just black and white. But when you start telling people they can't do something, they will find a way just like COVID, right? What's happening with COVID? Everybody's like, you know what? Maybe we can control people, do something, whatever it is. Guess what now? People finding a way and say, you know what? I kind of like living at home. You know what? I don't like living in New York City. You don't pay thousands of dollars a rent. You know what? You know what? This is pretty nice. And then they wonder why people, they think they're gonna come back to New York City. Good luck with that one, okay? But I am here not here to vent. I am here to educate you guys. Because I feel like today is an opportunity that I wanted to go out and say, you know what? For doing this for 25 years, I've never done a video like this and says, you know what? I've been through the internet bubble. I've been through the financial crash. I've been through the 9-11. I've been through the Hurricane Sandy. I've been through the coronavirus. And now I'm gonna call it the millennial lockout. Because that's basically what is. They locked out all you guys between, you know, in the millennials because I know it's, and I'm not saying all of you, I know there are some older crowds and young crowds, but at the end of the day, you guys found a way. You got stuck with COVID. You know, you gotta do something. You want to trade. You see the opportunity that you could have made, you know, with GameStop or with AMC or whatever it is. You guys basically beat the big boys. It's called David and Goliath. I did a video this morning. I trade every morning. I'm live on YouTube every morning at 9 a.m. And it says, you know what? They beat them. We thought it was a book, a movie. No, it actually did work. But I want to tell you your problem is, everyone's flipping out and starting to figure out, what am I helping them to count? What do I do now? This is like, this was awesome. Yeah, you know what? You just got to taste. Guess what? You don't need a problemist. You don't have the right tools. You know what? You shouldn't be doing this on Robinhood.  That guy was a great marketer. It was a great company. They knew, you know, I give them, listen, you got to give credit what credit is due. But I deal with some of the biggest brokerage firms in the industry. I have several brokerage accounts from all of them. I don't trade all of them. I need to learn what they do. But when I joined the industry, and I learned how to trade, I've learned, and not only that, I helped develop a lot of these so-called ECNs, direct access brokerage firms. Everything that you think you need to be a tool. I am just so happy. And I am so thrilled to be able to do this. I am so thankful that you guys finally woke up that you don't need the $15 an hour. You don't need a $1,400 stimulus check. You could just trade the market. And for some of you out there dealing with mutual funds and hedge funds, you're going to realize, I don't need them anymore. I can do it myself. Holy, you just got to taste. You tasted what I tasted 25 years ago. And I'm doing pretty damn good, and still in the industry. And people always ask me to, like, I'll never forget. I met Kramer one day. And I was doing a presentation to speaking. And I walked up to him. I said, hey, Kramer, you know, a little bit of a fan of yours. I watch your stuff. You know, I'm a day trader. He always said to me, and I don't know if it was insulting or it was a compliment. He said, you're still in the game? Wow, that's great. I'm like, I'm still in the game. I'm like, why would I not be in the game? You know what I mean? So anyway, a lot of these people don't like what you're doing because you're taking away from what they're doing. But I want to explain to a little bit about what is basically what Robinhood was basically doing.  How do you make money with free tickets? Like, you ever thought about it for a second? It sounds great. When I used to start trading, when I first started back when I was 22 years old, imagine paying $20 a ticket. Imagine trading with fractions. You're already down $125. You had to guarantee 1,000 shares. Remember, I wanted the original Souls Bandits back in the old days. And today, people are worrying about now they're giving free tickets. It's called algorithms and payment for order flow. Why can't you trade in pre-market? Why can't you trade in aftermarket? Do you actually see what's going on in the market? No, you probably don't. Well, I want to show you a couple of big tools. I want to show you something. I want to change your life for the better today.  You could say, oh, I remember I was in the millennial lockout.  And you know what, you will. Because there are a couple of tools out there that are called Level 3 and Level 4. Been preaching it since the day I started. I actually helped develop a lot of them. And what you're about to see is going to be so disturbing. And what they are is this. Imagine that you could actually see, I don't know, 70% of the volume out there, right? Could you imagine you could see where all the institutions are, where the market makers are? What are they doing? What are they doing in pre-market? Do you know that they know what you buy and then they use their algorithms so they could actually trade against you? Why else, why would they give you free tickets? They want the order flow. That's what it is. Listen, I know you guys are shopping around looking at the internet, oh, what's going on? You're watching all the financial stations, everybody's bashing, you know, this guy, they're going to blame that.  Don't worry about it, okay? Just know how to play the game. So I want to talk about a couple of things. All right, let me bring up, I want to bring up a platform right here, okay? We're looking at GameStop right here, okay? You could see GameStop right here. The stock literally ran from like $17, which was literally like, I don't know, like a couple of days ago. And then the stock actually went up, it went from 20 to 38. Now, listen, I'm not lying, you can go back to my YouTube channel, you could look at, I've been trading this stock about two weeks already, okay? You could look at our Twitter feed, everything else. But what happened right here, the stock literally ran from that price and then shot up and then also, you know, the whole Reddit thing and all that stuff. Listen, I deal with this every day, okay? Don't worry about it, there's going to be other GameStops every day. I'm going to show you a couple of more out there. But the question is, is that why did it go up? It went up because of supply and demand, not the so-called indicator, not so this called, holy no, no, it was the MACD, it was the Fibonacci. No, it was buyers and sellers. And who were the buyers were, you, okay? So, how do you play this game? How do you know where the buyers and sellers are? So, right here, I'm going to move this over here. I'm going to bring this over here. This is called level four, okay? Now, right now we're looking at half the hours. Now, this is basically telling me where all the buyers and sellers are. And I want to show you some stocks that we traded today. So hopefully this helps brings up a little explanation, okay? So, where are we here? I had to hear for a minute, and there we go. So, right here, let me show you where that went. Level four, hold on, sorry about that guys. Here we go, here we go, sorry about that. Okay, so what we're looking at is a screenshot of a platform that we use as called level four and you could basically see where the buyers and sellers are. So, you could see here, we're looking basically at, I believe this is American Airlines, right? Okay, so American Airlines, you saw, was on Reddit. They talked about it, was on every financial station. And then the stock obviously did a great move in pre-market and then the stock literally tanked. Well, you could see right here how the stock literally didn't have that many, you know, this is like basically what we call a heat map. And you could see right here, the stock literally came down from a price of 13.50 all the way down to 11.30. And you'll notice right here at this bar right here, there was literally a 547,000 share buyer. When the stock finally broke this buyer right here and it tried to go back, it never wanted to go higher. Who do you think those 547,000 shares are? Okay, exactly. And would you wanna beat those guys? Would you wanna compete against those guys? Would you, think about it. If you could buy a stock at 11 and sell it at 12, buy it at 11, sell it at 12, make a dollar in, dollar short, dollar in, dollar short. Dollar times a thousand shares, $1,000, a quarter million dollars a year, congratulations. You've just been introduced to the day trading industry. Okay, you don't have to kill it. Listen, what happened today and what happened the last couple of days, what you've seen is, you know, this is nothing different that we do all the time. But they're there all the time. I'll bring you another one. Where are we right here? Let me bring you another one right here. Here, here's another example. Which one's the best one? Okay, you have this one right here. Let me bring you this one. All right, so if you look at this stock right here, this is basically American Airlines at around seven o'clock this morning. Now I start trading right around seven o'clock. I choke around about this, but I have a cat. Her name is Chloe. She was harassing the hell out of me at five o'clock this morning. She wanted to eat. I kept pushing her off. I says, all right, all right. It all saw me checking my phone. They have to know when all the stuff's going on. I looked down and what do you think I noticed? I look at the financial websites and like, oh, the next new GameStop, click here. Right on was a Fox business feed. And all of a sudden what it was, American Airlines. So sure enough, right at 730, look right here. Right here down at the bottom. 730 right there, seven o'clock. Stock goes from $16. By the way, this stock is not a $30 stock. Goes from $16 all the way up. Stops at 18. You see all these sellers out there. You see that red line right there? Those were huge sellers. Those are like 100, 200, 300,000 shares. If you notice the bull got a little green. That means that those sellers started getting executed. And this is all pre-market. That stock ran from $18 in a matter of, you know, literally 45 minutes, shot all the way up to about 30 bucks. Now you know this because they were talking about it. And then all of a sudden you see this little red bar right there? The heat map, which is basically what it's doing, this is algorithms of all the ECMs. NASDAQ, Archipelago, New York Stock Exchange, BATS, all of them. You can see that there are big block orders. Look at 383,000 shares. The guy's been out there since 8 o'clock till 9 o'clock an hour. So guess what? What makes resistance sellers? Did the stock break it? No, it didn't. The stock came back down. And boom, sellers kept coming out. Seller kept coming out. Seller kept coming out. Seller kept coming out. Now this is 9 o'clock. Let me just see. Where is American Airlines right now? Let's just scroll right here. Let me bring up over here. Guess what? It came all the way down to $18, okay? Right here you can see here on the intraday chart. Look how beautiful that chart is. But what does that tell you? Okay?  This tells me where the orders are. You see, this is how Wall Street trades. These are how the algorithms work. This is how the high-frequency trades work, okay? Remember you heard about the flash crash? Guess what? You're seeing it right now. And you've just been introduced to it, okay? So don't get pissed. Don't get upset. Come and join and let join my following. Come follow my room. Watch my videos. Come watch them one of my events and I'll show you how to play the game. And you can think for yourself because you don't need them anymore. You can do it yourself. But I'm just telling you right now, just be prepared. There's gonna be a lot of regulating that are gonna come on.   We gotta go after Wall Street. Listen, that's where the money is. I live here in Long Island. They got $200 million homes outside, you know, out in the Hamptons. You know, people are starving right now. What's going on with COVID? Meanwhile, these guys are making more money than they ever made before, okay? Catastrophes make opportunities. You think that's stupid? What do you think happened to financial crisis? Okay, you know, I was there. I was for the whole thing. Unfortunately, I made a lot of money during the financial crisis. You wanna watch a really good movie? You really wanna know about the financial crisis? Watch the biggest short. Watch that movie and watch it two or three times. The book obviously is better. But you don't think there's gonna be a book that's gonna come out regarding about the millennial crisis?   Just try to get, you know, just learn from it. Mind your business, keep low and just do it. I've been doing it for 25 years. I love what I do. It's the greatest job in the world. I know why these guys make so much money. And you know what? Hopefully you got a little taste of it. So I don't wanna keep going and over and over again, but this is what I'm gonna tell you. You wanna learn more, like us, friend us, share us and share that name, the millennial crisis, because you know what? You should be kinda honored that you were part of it. That's the way I look at it. It's pretty cool that you could say, hey, I remember the millennial crisis. I was there, the millennial lockout and the millennial crisis. It's just a great way of looking at things. So the bottom line is this, hopefully I'll get to see you in the morning. I'm live here every morning at 9 a.m., live on YouTube. I'll go through the watch list. I'll show you what's moving in the market and I'll see you there, all right? Guys, be safe.  We'll figure it out. Thanks everybody and thanks for watching.


It's a twister! It's a twister! No seriously, it's a twister. Look, back to Alice now. I've been absolutely dreading this moment. But I've started the drive and there's no going back now, so... Anyway, way too short. I think I'm going to stop at Port Augusta on the way because there's any time fitness there and I'm going to hit a work. My legs... My legs have never, ever, ever been so sore after a workout. They are. It's three days now and it's just getting worse. It is literally just getting worse and worse, the doms. It's fucked. That's what a thousand red-legged workout will do to you. Insane. So, thanks Joe. Thanks man.  I've just arrived in Port Augusta. I'm going to go and hit my third different anytime fitness since Friday and hit some back. I was meant to do back with the guy that I hit arms with but I just had to leave Adelaide early. I've got work in the morning, so... Yeah, and I'm only like a sixth of the way. Probably shouldn't be stopping but can't really help it. I want to hit a workout and I've got to do some back. So that's what we're going to do. So I'm just trying to find it afterwards or something. There we have it. It's times like these that I really appreciate having at any time fitness parts. Good sesh, good sesh. Four exercises. Two wrong movements. Two pull down movements. And back is... Back is sore. Back is good. And I just saw a coals next door so I'm going to go and get some food for the trip and then get back on the road. So, peace. Okay. Now, we're ready to go. Just filled up the car. We are in Port Augusta. We are travelling up the North Stewart Highway to Cougar Petey and then on to Alice Springs. So Cougar Petey is about 600 km away.  So that's good and then I'll refill it Cougar Petey and then it's another 650 off to Alice and I'll be able to gun it then too.  Turn right onto Stewart Highway toward Cougar Petey. Alright mate. So yeah, can we have you guys later on about midnight?  Actually, what am I saying?  It's awesome. Alright, so Stewart Highway now. This goes all the way from Port Augusta all the way up to Darwin. It must be the longest highway in the world. I don't know. Oh my god. Listen to this. Alright, just said for 1000... Look at that. 1200 and 11 km continue on Stewart Highway and then I arrive at my destination. Wow.  From the supermarket, I bought I bought these chicken strips man.  I've been getting them all the time. You get two packets for $9 and it's 150 grams per packet.   It's pretty much all protein, like two grams of fat, two grams of carbs. You really can't beat it and there's like four different flavours.  Two for $9. I've been getting them all the time. They're decent.  Going back to Alice. Short and sweet trip. I ticked a couple things off the list man. I met massive Joe.     But literally guys, I feel like an 80 year old man right now. It's insane. So, anyways, good trip. Short and sweet. Ticked a few things off the list. And now it's back to... quarter to seven in Queensland. Alright, so I just stopped. Got a monster on the go.  So this is going to keep going for a little bit.  But I don't usually watch a whole hour of it, but obviously there's nothing much else to do, so I just did. And I'm like driving through a big hailstorm, I mean lightning storm at the moment, so there's nothing around and it's complete pitch black so it's a bit scary to be honest, but it's all good.    What? This is like flooding, man. Just pulled in at Kubipede. And what's the time?  I'm debating whether I should try and close my eyes for a bit, but I don't think I'm going to. Big thunderstorm.  That was really intense, actually. But we got through it and I'm going to fill out the car once again. Mmm.   I think Kubipede actually holds the record for the hottest temperature ever recorded in Australia, which was like 51 point something degrees. Which is funny because Alice Springs has 45 degree days like all the time. So only 5 degrees more, 6 degrees more. That was this hottest day on record ever. And I've decided I'm just going to continue going. I should I should get home by by 3. I've got work at 9.30. So yeah, I'm just going to keep going.