I titled this video My Honest Truth about Exponent Hair Products because that's literally what it is.  I'm scared. Hey, beautiful. Today is a scary video. I've been wanting to do this video for a while because honestly, like, everybody gets some mediocre reviews, some bad reviews, great reviews a lot too, you know? Let's not ignore that. It's a little nerve wracking, like, making a video about your reviews that may not be the best. But every brand gets them. And you know what? I'm here to just be honest. I'm here to take your opinions and thoughts about my products and make them the best that they can be. I've changed things, I've reformulated things, adjusted many of things in the past years while owning this brand. And that's what I plan to do forever, okay? To make the ultimate hair care and hair color products you can get. So yeah, I'm gonna be watching people bash my hair care and hair color brand. I am genuinely excited to hear your constructive feedback. I'm hopefully gonna learn a few things and also maybe help you guys use my products better. All right, let's just go in for it. All right, our first person that is about to give me some constructive criticism is Maria Gloria. Listen, X-Mondo is my baby, so I will be honest, I might not take this well, but I will try. I actually ordered the conditioner, the shampoo and the Prismatic Glow because I know my hair. Thank you for purchasing, I appreciate it. Also, that is the old packaging, which is like nostalgia to look at. We changed that based off your opinions. Y'all wanna understand upside down that the shampoo would obviously gravitate towards the bottom and you can easily squeeze it out. So I did it. See this? Now you can go like this. You're welcome. Sometimes it's the simple things. We used to get so many bad reviews because of those old caps and then we changed the caps and everybody's like, these are great. You would be shocked at how many different caps we went through to decide on this one. My hair is very dry. It's fine, but it's coarse, but it is dry. My hair on its own does not produce a lot of oil. Oh God, I'm screwed. I already feel where this is going. She has dry hair and she's using Project X, which is now named our detox shampoo, which if you have dry hair, I wouldn't recommend. I wasn't about to try this product once and be like, hey, let's make a video, let's talk. No, no, no, no. It's not how we do things here. I really tested these products out. Okay. Does it work? Okay. It works, but, and it's a big but. Is it my favorite shampoo? No, it is not. Mm, ouch. For my specific hair type, no, this is not my favorite shampoo and conditioner. But as a shampoo and conditioner, is it great? Absolutely it is. Thank you. We take the good with the bad. The bad with the good, the good with the bad. My hair type is dry. My hair type requires extreme hydration, heavy oils, a heavy concentration of hydrating ingredients. And this particular shampoo and conditioner does not give me that. However, I actually really do love this shampoo for what it gives me. Okay, wait, wait, wait. I'm dropping her there for a second. She's totally right. Honestly, this is my fault. One of the mistakes, if you want to call it that, I made was calling this an everyday shampoo and conditioner. And that's the one that she has in this video. We since rebranded to the detox shampoo and the weightless conditioner. For me, like an everyday shampoo is made for somebody who has normal hair. Their hair is maybe not oily or not dry, kind of in between, or their hair is oily. Like an everyday shampoo to me always meant like, that is your general, that is your base, that is like your starting shampoo. Okay, and then you kind of build the line off of that. From my experience in like the professional world, but then I realized after releasing it that not everybody understood that. So that is why it is now called the detox shampoo and there are a lot of detoxifying properties in this shampoo. So it all just made sense. It all came together. We rewarded everything on the packaging, did a lot better with the marketing of this product. And thankfully, nobody is confused anymore and everybody seems to be getting the right product for their right hair.  What I love this shampoo and conditioner for is because it is a very cleansing shampoo and gentle on the hair. I actually really like this. Every time I use it, it leaves my hair very soft. It is a stripping shampoo for me in the sense of it strips it off of all its dirt, all the grime, everything that I put in my hair, also all the pollution, all the dirt that your hair just collectively gets when you're living your life. This is a really good clarifying shampoo and I love this shampoo for that reason because it does clean very well. It's not stripping and it doesn't leave a greasy residue. Well, thank you. You predict the future. You were like, this is great as a detoxifying, clarifying shampoo. Yeah, you're right. And I was wrong. I should have done better. But you know what? We live and learn. And I did learn. The other problem I do have with this conditioner is that it does have alcohol as its second ingredient, meaning it has a high concentration of alcohol. It's not denatured alcohol. It's not the very drying alcohol. And again, like I said, I'm not a chemist. I don't know why they put a lot of alcohol in it, but I'm sure there's a reason why. When you see the word alcohol in products, it's not always alcohol. Like it's not literally rubbing alcohol. That is such a common misconception when it comes to hair care. We get this question all the time and like why is there so much alcohol in the product? Cedal alcohol, spelt like this, is not actually like rubbing alcohol. Cedal alcohol is specifically known for its moisturizing properties. So literally the complete opposite of what you think alcohol is, it's a moisturizing property. I mean, that is why it's putting conditioner and that is why it's the second ingredient in my conditioner. It can help smooth and seal the cuticle of the hair, leaving it really soft and smooth. It is not like rubbing alcohol and it is not drying. If you can make a more hydrating shampoo and conditioner, Brad Mondo, please do. But also Hydroglo. I think they sent you Hydroglo actually. Hopefully you liked that a lot better. That is very moisturizing. I will not leave a greasy film on your hair. So thank you for your review. And I already took your feedback and I already changed everything basically you said. So I'm glad we were seeing eye to eye on that one. And thanks for your honest truth. I appreciate it. Let's get a hair color review in here, shall we? This is by Kayla Claus. On this side of my hair, I dyed it with Super Orange, which looks like this. And then on this side of my hair, I dyed it with the Super Pink, which looks like this. Ooh. It was so majestic and beautiful. I will say the Super Orange color is a beautiful, perfect orange.  That's the prettiest color ever. What's the downside? What are we gonna talk about? But I find that this is like your perfect pumpkin orange. Maybe a little bit darker than pumpkin, but not by much. So yeah, obsessed with this color. For me personally, the Super Pink on the other hand is a little bit more of a warm toned pink. And I don't love that on myself personally. I think because my hair is so warm tone, I feel like I need a cool tone to kind of cancel it out. When it's orange, it's different because it almost like melds with the color. But when it's the pink, it can make some parts so warm that they look more peachy. That makes total sense. And I'm totally with her on that. I mean, besides the fact that like Super Pink, I would say is a very neutral pink. Like all of our Super Colors are supposed to be like true to tone.  If it's yellow, it is yellow, yellow, yellow. Like primary yellow. When it comes to the pink, it is definitely in the middle of cool and warm pink. So if you're putting this over very warm tone blonde, you're definitely gonna get a warmer pink. If you're putting this over more cool tone to hair, you're gonna get a more cool tone pink. And if you're putting over something neutral, you're gonna get a neutral pink. Because her hair is super warm to start, yes, she's gonna definitely see a more warm pink result. So she's definitely accurate in saying it was probably warmer on her hair. I found that the pink side faded more unevenly than the orange side. And kind of the more I wash my hair, you'll kind of see that continuing. This is after washing it several times. And she's kind of talking about what she doesn't like about the fading. Roots don't want to stay blonde. You can see it's faded a ton. I think her hair looks gorgeous. But she definitely didn't start off with one color.   So if you have natural roots growing in like she does, that part is probably gonna fade off the fastest because that is her natural hair and it's the least porous.  And then those lighter pieces are also gonna fade faster because they are very porous and very, very porous hair tends to release color molecules faster than the rest of the hair. And then the stuff that is like just in between like a normal porosity or maybe a little bit dry is gonna latch onto that color a lot more. That's just how color works, especially with some permanent color or color that just lays on top of the hair. If your hair is extremely damaged and porous, it might release faster. Also, if your hair is extremely healthy and you've never touched with color, it might fade faster as well. So that's why she's seen kind of a variation of fading throughout her head. It is normal and unfortunately that's just how color works. And honestly, if it didn't fade, I feel like people would be mad about that too. So I don't know. And you know, it would be one thing if like both sides of my hair were doing this but I feel like the orange side is holding up really nice and the pink side is just looking a little like, look at this bang situation here. So she loves the orange side and that's totally to be expected because she already had those warm tones in her hair. So it is fading perfectly. She's not seeing any sort of discoloration or parts of her hair lightening and other parts not lightening from washing. If you put warm colors over warm hair, you're gonna get amazing fading. And if you put cool tones over cool toned hair, you're gonna get beautiful fading as well. It gets a little weird when you start putting cool tone colors over warm hair. And that's always a thing when people do like gray hair, a lot of people will put it over like orange or yellow hair and they'll kind of wonder why it looks a little mucky. That's because there's a lot of blue in a gray color and when you put it over yellow, it kind of turns into like mud. So, you know, that's just another color theory thing. The banks might be a little bit lighter because obviously when I'm washing like my hair, I'm right at the front here. So I get into the banks a little bit more but the pink side is a disaster. Like as you can see, it's pretty patchy on the top layer. If I pull the top layer back though, like my underneath layers look like not bad except for the ends, the end looks like we'll look at this. You can actually notice where the lighter parts of her hair are in those like fringe moment.  That part is lightening up the most out of everything on the pink side, the fastest. I do think her hair looks beautiful. I think, you know, that's just the nature of semi permanent color. I'm sad that your X-model color fading experience wasn't up to par. There's so many factors when it comes to hair color and we don't always get the most perfect result but I'm also so happy that she loved the color because it looked incredible when she started. And also I think the fading looks beautiful and I think she looks amazing in this color combo and I think she should keep it. Is that just me? Okay, this next video is by Melinda and this is called X-model wave tech review and why I hate it. LOL, sorry, Brad, don't hate me. We'll have to see.   Give me a good review next and now I'm just kidding. So in today's video I'm going to be reviewing the X-model wave tech. The first thing I'll say is my initial reaction when seeing people apply this to their hair in their TikTok videos was that they were using so much product. Right off the bat I wasn't that excited to try this because I was like, oh my gosh, if I have to use a ton of product every time I use this product I'm gonna fly through this bottle and that didn't make me that excited. I was literally seeing girls using like six to seven pumps on like half of their head. Yes, okay. So with wave tech, I mean it's a foam so it's gonna look like you're putting a ton of product on but the bottle lasts you a really long time but yeah, the more the merrier with wave tech.  So yeah, it looks a little intimidating. I will say when you're like pumping like so much and you're putting so much in your hair but it's great, it works great. Brad apparently said that it should feel like you have shampoo in your hair. That's gross to be being honest. I wanna like put some of this on this side. She hates this. It did soak up into my hair though. As you can see, there's no more like white product just sitting on top. Oh gosh, am I really supposed to use that much product dude? Like I did about four pumps that time. Oh God. The foam aspect of the product actually helps form the wave pattern. So I enjoy it and yeah, I don't know. The shampoo feeling doesn't bother me and it goes away. It sort of evaporates into your hair. I'm only doing three pumps on this side. Oh, I just feel like I'm using so much product. It's crazy. You're not gonna feel it though. It's gonna be fine. I will say it does feel like my curls are like really holding though. Mm-hmm. Explain it but they feel like not stiff. My hair doesn't feel like loose and floppy and like I can definitely tell that there's a product in my hair that's like giving it some hold and I do feel like my curls are gonna be able to like really hold themselves up. That's the coolest part. Like right when you put wave tech in your hair you can actually feel like the waves forming and it kind of clumps together your curls and your waves in like a very pretty way. Like even before it's dry. This is kind of a hard cast to scrunch out. Like the pieces are just like going right through my fingers. I just need to do it like this. What? Whoa, whoa, whoa. Maybe I applied too much product which I did not think it was possible. Does not feel good at my roots. I can just feel like these stiff chunks of like curl humps just won't break up and I do feel like I'm getting a little bit of a film on my hands too. I'm gonna be honest. And I mean, if you know anybody who has wave tech they can probably tell you too. I have never seen anybody's hair look like that after using wave tech. I think she might have ever done it. Maybe we can decrease that a few notches next time. I will say that my hair looks like very smooth very like shiny. My hair feels very soft. It also looks very soft. I have like almost no frizz which is crazy. Long story short, she tried it a bunch of different ways. Wasn't quite getting the hang of it. Wasn't really understanding the product. Maybe this is the one today that I really just don't know the reason. I don't know everything. I'm very saddened that that didn't work out for you. But I don't know why. It seems like maybe it was too much product usage. Definitely decreasing the amount of product you're using. As well as maybe trying like salty sea salt spray. It's a little bit lighter.  But she made a follow up video and apparently she figured out why it's not working. You guys, I am like so excited with how my hair looks. I did not know my hair could look this good. I'm actually shook.  Does she like it now? You saw it like two videos ago. I like really shat on this product. So this is the X-Monda Wavetet. I tried styling this on wet hair like I do my normal wash day routine and I absolutely hated it. But one of you guys commented that you like using this to refresh your hair. So I was like, you know what? I'm gonna give it a try. So basically what I did was I took three pumps of this and I rubbed it between my hands and I literally split my hair down the middle and I just smoothed it. Like I took half of it and did it on the top and then half on the bottom and I literally just glazed it over my hair very gently. I am like obsessed with my result. Okay, so she learned a different technique on how to use wave tech and she's living for it. Thank God, cause that is like, I believe in that product more than anything and sort of like so many of you. So I'm glad she figured it out. I have never refreshed my hair with a foam before and I really love just like how bouncy and weightless my hair feels. Like my hair is thick and it's very coarse. So normally my curl pumps like really stick together and my hair is like, it's just not bouncy at all. It feels very heavy. All right, all right, enough. We heard it. Your hair is bouncing weightless. You're supposed to be shitting on me right now. This is about people bashing me. We can't go too much into the positive today but I'm glad you like it so much. All right, this video is by Stelzini and yeah, we're gonna see her use X-Mono color and she has something to say. Anyways, this is the color. I haven't looked inside and I'm kind of, why do they keep not matching? Why don't you match?  It's just, it's not touched on here. This is such a unique color. This is so not. Oh, slate gray. Oh, yes. Wow. As you can see the beautiful, beautiful color release. They just don't necessarily match. Packaging that is outside. So this here is slate gray. That is the color of the container and then inside.  This is the result you're gonna get on pale yellow hair. This is not what you're gonna get, okay? Don't go based off of this.  In order to make these labels, we actually have a book of like tons of different printed out colors, laminated it to the exact same finish as this. And what we do is we color swatches. We color people's hair. We match it up to the actual book and we pick the color based off what the actual result of the hair looks like. So what you get inside of this product is not gonna match exactly to the outside of the product. You will get the exact same result as this if you have pale yellow hair to start. And honestly, the rest of her video is very sweet and she loved the color. She's applying it actually on a very dark hair and she got incredible results.  So this is the hair color that I ended up with. I was not expecting a complete color change. I'm gonna be blatantly honest. The color looks beautiful. I'm glad we got that little glitch sorted out there. Thank you, Stella, for always being amazing and reviewing my products and I appreciate you a lot. Well, I will not be doing that again for a long time. I'm just kidding. It was honestly great to hear your opinions and just always trying to make things better here and accommodate to all of you.  And that is always my goal, baby, to create products that evoke confidence. I appreciate all of you making your reviews. I always love watching your reviews. That is the most exciting thing about making a product is seeing people purchase it and actually try it out because it all seems kind of make-believe until a real person that I do not know uses the product and actually gives an honest review is the most incredible part of making products, I would say. Especially when the review is very positive. Today's Instagram shoutout goes to Ruby and she says, what color and what hairstyle will suit me best? I am getting a whole vision. I'm getting a soft, nice, cute fringe on you, maybe like right on your eyebrow at shorter hair like right above the shoulders and blonde. Platinum blonde or even like a lavender would look incredible on you. If you end up doing it, I would love to see a photo and good luck. If you'd like to follow me anywhere else or check out any of my hair care products, everything is listed right below here on my social media handles as well as X-Mondos or go to X-Mondohair.com. And that is all for today, guys. Thank you so much for watching.  I'll see you next time. Bye.


So there's two different parts of the rule. One of them is the defendant has to have been aware of the decedent's violent acts or turbulent behavior. In the other one, it's circumstantial evidence of the victim's violent behavior at the time of the incident. That's what I admitted to Don. Now one of these, this was on CNN, Jeffrey Tubin and another attorney there, and the comment was made that the ruling was incomprehensible. And I think they obviously are not familiar with this rule. That's our law. That's the law in the Jackson case. It's the law in the case of the United States against Craig A. Smith, which is 230 Federal Second 300, Seventh Circuit case.


So typically we could just simply call this as reference temperature it does not have to be 298 and as an example I have written a couple of things here one is the atomic hydrogen formation reaction so we noted that H2 is like the reference element for H and therefore a half H2 giving H is the formation reaction for atomic hydrogen and so there is a HF0 298 for H so you look at the notation here so in fact you could improve on the notation by saying 298, script MI on the subscript there where script MI refers to the species for which you are looking at the formation standard heat of formation. So here for the formation reaction of atomic hydrogen you get a number that looks like this but on the other hand if you now look at the formation reaction for the high H2 molecule the formation reaction is H2 gives H2 and obviously you are now having no change across this reaction therefore it makes sense for us to take the standard heat of formation as 0. The last class one of the questions that came about for a definition of a heat of reaction and more so for the formation reaction was if you now take the initial state a certain pressure and temperature and then you now wait until you come back to the same pressure and temperature for the final state and look at the heat that has been removed or added to the system during this process what about the expansion work okay because we now keep the pressure constant that means we could allow for the volume to change and therefore there will be a pressure work that the system does because of the volume change that is allowed so what we have to recognize now is note that all heats or enthalpies okay. That means and it is not for nothing that we chose a symbol H that would imply that the heat is an enthalpy or the reason why H is associated the symbol H is associated with enthalpy is looking at the other way it is actually a heat okay so this is to say all the heats that we are looking at are not internal energies but enthalpies okay. So these are enthalpies that means that is they include the expansion work so for example if you now say suppose we now have a container and a piston and a weight W indicates constant pressure right and suppose initially we have a mixture of H2 and ½ mole of oxygen molecule and suppose we now have a heat interaction across the system boundary and finally we now have a different volume right at which you now get a H2O for the final. So here we have a T equals 298 K P equals 1 bar and here we have 2 T equals 298 K P equals 1 bar right so the convention that we use the convention is so heat transfer is positive positive when into the vessel so positive when into the vessel right so we now take Q to be positive if it is going inside and so for here here is in this example where we are taking a H2 and ½ to initially and then becomes H2O the heat is liberated liberated that is leaving the vessel leaving out of the vessel okay and that is that is we will also try to now make it like Q P Q P refers to the subscript P here for the Q refers to the heat transfer at constant pressure right so that is Q P equal to negative 240 kilojoules per mole right. So when you are saying per mole it is actually per mole of what is formed so in this case it is 1 mole of atomic hydrogen that is formed incurring 217.999 kilojoules here you are looking at 1 mole of water that is formed liberating 240 kilojoules per mole right so this is this means negative means exothermic right positive means endothermic right and so what is happening here is first law of thermodynamics applied to the system means that a ? E which is the internal energy change is equal to Q P minus the work done if you could write it the other way that is the heat is equal to ? E plus the work done or ? E is equal to Q P minus the work done and this means E2 minus E1 is equal to Q P minus P times let us say V2 minus V1 or you can also now rearrange things so you can say E2 take this PV2 to the left hand side so it becomes a plus PV2 and then you have a minus of minus PV1 so you have a plus PV1 on the right hand side which can be taken to the left hand side becomes you now try to group it with E1 with a negative sign that is equal to Q P so from here you can see that this is actually H2 minus H1 equal to Q P that is equal to the ? H so this is this is actually for any heat of formation or any I am sorry any heat of reaction okay so for whatever you mean by heat of reaction as defined with respect to having a constant pressure and temperature at which you start out and coming back to the same temperature and pressure in the end will basically give rise to this because we now keep the pressure constant right and you get back to this thing so effectively what it means is the heat that you are looking at is essentially an enthalpy right so it is what you are or an enthalpy change in the in the reaction in the case of heats of formation you will find that you are looking at reference elements to start with okay which are assigned a zero heat of formation therefore you can directly say the heat of formation of a what should I say of any any species is essentially its enthalpy okay because it is not really an enthalpy change anymore because it is changing from zero for the reference element all right therefore you can simply say that all heats are enthalpies right now in the case of a constant volume process of course the case of a constant volume process we will have e2-e1 equal to Qe which means we do not keep the pressure fixed the pressure will vary but the volume will be fixed okay so I will leave it to you to actually find out whether Qe will always be greater than Qp or not okay that is something that you can try to find out for yourself and you will also look at some puzzles in the end between Qe and Qp that I will try to point out if you get some time but let us just continue at the moment okay and the other point I want to make is constant typically most experiences or with constant pressure right example or let us say gas turbine rockets or stars etc. Farley different ones like gas turbine and rocket may be like aerospace but stars is not necessarily aerospace furnaces also all these things you typically have a constant pressure situation in things like piston engines the pressure keeps the pressure keeps varying the volume keeps changing okay so it needs a constant pressure not constant volume but let us not bother about it at the moment for many many applications constant pressure combustion is a good approximation okay the other thing is so standard tables now standard tables such as what is called as the JANF JANF thermochemical tables catalog or give simply can say simply simply give ? Hf0 298 for many species in fact this tells you why we need to actually have a standard heat deformation okay so it is possible now if you standardize the conditions at which you want to catalog or tabulate the heat deformation then it is possible for you to actually have tables like the JANF thermochemical tables which will give this for many many species okay so it is available so if you now look at the heat that is released Qp as essentially a ? H which is nothing but H2- H1 right that is what we had here just coming back to that after these notes so we now have this can be written as then ? i equals 1 to n ni double prime let us say Hf Hfmi at P2, T2-sigma i equals 1 to n ni single prime Hfmi at P1, T1 which is to say you could now consider any process where we started out with certain pressure P1 and T1 does not have to be standard okay and we now go through the process of the reaction to get completed and you know you now reach a different state P2 and T2 which has got nothing to do with the standard all right if there is a case then we note that we are not using the standard heat of formation here okay we are saying whatever is the heat of formation of all the species that are involved in the reaction taking care that if you if ni double prime were 0 that means it is not really a product okay I am sorry if ni double prime where it is correct is a if ni double prime where 0 then it is not a product if ni single prime where 0 then it is not a reactant so that will take care of that so we essentially can sum over all the heats of formation not the standard heat of formation but heats of formation at certain pressure and temperature that is for the products minus the heats of formation for the reactants so effectively this is like for the products and this is for the reactants I have changed notation a little bit here for you and I am going to explain this further on we are now beginning to use small hedge okay because particularly because this is this is associated with per unit mole and you multiply by the number of moles okay so in a in a in a in some sense you can now call this as a molar specific enthalpy that means you are talking about it as a per unit mole okay of course we have been talking about having this as per mole as well okay but this is the standard heat that we are looking at this is not the standard heat of formation yet I do not know if this makes sense right away if I now write it like this I am actually trying to do something a little bit circuitous in the sense if I have a reaction that is going on let us suppose that I have methane plus oxygen gives carbon dioxide and water let us suppose that that is the reaction that we are looking at now we are looking at here the formation heat of formation of carbon dioxide and heat of formation of water here we are looking at heat of formation of methane and heat of formation of oxygen okay. Now we know that the standard heat of formation of oxygen is 0 and the heat of the formation reaction for methane for example would be like carbon at solid form plus hydrogen gives you to hydrogen gives CH4 that is a reaction that we have to go through for the heats of the formation reactions for carbon dioxide and water or like C plus O2 gives CO2 and H2 plus half O2 gives H2 and so on those are not the reactions that we are finally looking at right. So we are finally looking at CH4 plus O2 gives CO2 plus H2O so why did we actually have to get into formation enthalpies so essentially what means is we are beginning a hypothetical process in our minds where you are writing this and I want you to sort of get to understand that which is let us suppose that you started out with some reactants in this case in this example it is hydrogen and oxygen or the other example that I mentioned as methane and oxygen what it means is and then they are at some pressure and temperature okay. So what we are really basically saying when you are including the heats of formation is we are now going through unbonding their bonds okay so CH4 we now want to actually impart some heat to the system to form C and H2 which are the formation constituents there is a reference elements O2 is a reference element already okay as far as see and then we now have the reference elements we now regroup the reference elements so we now have C H2 and O2 these are the reference elements with which you could now form your carbon dioxide and water. So it is sort of like you got the reactants you now unpack or just debond them and then get back the reference elements that means you have exchanged some heat in this process keep that as an account okay and then get the reference elements to form the products that you are looking for alright and you will now get some heat out so minus the heat that is supplied is the net heat that you are going to get so you are going through a hypothetical reaction in your mind through a reverse formation reaction for the reactants to form the reference elements and then a formation a set of formation reactions for the products to get some heat transaction in both these steps okay and then you are looking at the net heat transfer to get you this keep Qp this is as it is beginning to get you into some hypothetical reactions that are not happening at all okay okay. The next step for us is so here our hf small hfmi as I said was specific molar enthalpy enthalpy at any P and T in this case it is P1 and T1 in this case it is P2 and T2 okay so here we can now write we now write hfmi at it at a certain temperature and note that I am basically writing it only as a function of temperature why because we are assuming ideal gases okay and because we are assuming ideal gas which is thermally perfect we expect that the enthalpy the heat is now shown to be an enthalpy and the enthalpy should be only a function of temperature okay we can now write this as delta hf0 298 of the species plus a hfmi at T- hf0 298 mi if you do not like 298 you can replace this by T ref any reference temperature that you want but you should look for standard tables that give you these things at that temperature that you are looking at it is sort of like in this step it is not exactly algebraically adding and subtracting things you would find that this is showing up in these two places so it is sort of like am I adding something and subtracting something in some sense yes but there is a physical meaning at those associated with this what you are then saying is this is the standard heat of formation right and then this is what is called as the sensible enthalpy let me write it in capital letters sensible right that is what is called as a sensible enthalpy so what is going on why are we talking about something called a sensible enthalpy is that because that is the one that makes sense whereas the other one is nonsense any ideas yes yeah yeah yeah so so algebraically this is not going to make sense so do not worry about it okay so what you are essentially doing is we are splitting this into two parts one is what is called as the standard heat of formation that we have been talking about all the time okay and then the next one is what we call as a sensible enthalpy so I am going to explain to you what these two mean so here we are writing it in this way primarily from a notation point of view okay so you do not go here and start cancelling things from left hand side aha here yeah no then it can be this and this this and this you could you could you could say that you could say that okay you could say that because as I told you this H is not necessarily I mean this is supposed to be like a change okay that is why we have the delta all right but it is changed from 0 okay so this is like enthalpy if heat of formation of H minus heat of formation if you can apply this this equation this equation to the formation react formation reaction itself what will happen is this is this is the heat of formation of H minus heat of formation of H2 which is 0 right therefore the change is nothing but the value itself because you are basically taking a value and subtracting 0 from there okay so you can write it this is a good question because it also firms up the notation that we are using so the change as well as the value are pretty much the same okay because if you take the value and subtract 0 from this for the reference elements heat of formation you get the change so if this is essentially the same okay but what is more important for us from now on is not how we split this it is about what they mean okay so you are now looking at this particular thing as one term called the sensible enthalpy the other one is called the standard heat of formation which we are now familiar with the question is why well why what is meant by the sensible enthalpy right so what is sensible about this enthalpy further why further well this any increase in enthalpy that the sensible enthalpy shows is solely because of a temperature rise okay all other words when you now talk about enthalpy of a species we can now say this species now has a basic enthalpy associated with it at standard conditions okay you can take the standard at whatever level you want okay your P and standard pressure and temperature can be whatever it is and then you say the standard heat of formation at this pressure and temperature is this this arbitrary the assignment of the pressure the standard pressure and temperature at which the standard heat of formation is measured that choice is somewhat arbitrary but at that conditions of those conditions you now have a standard heat of formation that refers to the energy that is contained in the bonds by itself for simply for it to simply remain in that particular molecular combination of atoms at that particular standard temperature and pressure it needs some energy okay that is what this is any further change in the enthalpy of the species from there on is purely by a change in temperature okay so that means you now stick in a thermometer or a thermocouple or anything and then you measure the temperature you should be able to tell what the sensible enthalpy is so in other words you this will say this is a part of the enthalpy that can be sensed by a thermometer or a thermocouple so since it is sensible by a temperature measuring instrument we call this the sensible enthalpy so many times when you pretty much recklessly write that the enthalpy is directly proportional to temperature we are always talking about the sensible enthalpy we are not talking about the heat of formation but the heat of formation is hidden okay so when you are talking about non-reacting fluid mechanics where you are not bothered about chemical reactions and so on you are simply saying you know H is ? H is equal to Cp ? T that is because the change in enthalpy is solely coming out of only the change in temperature and therefore you are essentially interested only in the sensible enthalpy and you do not even bother about the formation enthalpy because the formation enthalpy is there and the species is now going to change you are not looking at any chemical reactions that will change the species but here we are burdened with the situation where the species is going to change it is going to eat it is going to get the if it is a reactant it is going to get deeply that if it is a product is going to get produced right therefore we have to now begin to pay attention to the energy of the species itself because it just exists at a standard temperature and pressure and that is by virtue of the bonds and we arbitrarily assign the bonds that are present in like these diaromic molecules like H2 and so on to have 0 energy that is like a datum relative to which a atomic species that does not have any bonds actually accrues some energy for it to be remaining in atomic state because it is not naturally existing therefore some energy must have been given to get it get it to that state you see so that is so even a lack of bond in that sense actually has some energy associated with it because of the reference element that we take to be what it is so this is a very very important concept here that we are looking at where this could now be cataloged in these tables and then we primarily look at only the change in temperature for the rest of the enthalpy change for any species right so we we can we can express the sensible enthalpy sensible enthalpy as Hfmi of T-Hf not let us say T-Rafmi right equal to integral T-Raf to T Cpmi of Tdt that comes from the definition of Cp so Cp is a partial derivative of enthalpy with respect to temperature and therefore if you want to get the enthalpy back then so again you now think about this like a constant of integration if you are not trying to integrate Cp with respect to temperature for a calorically perfect gas we can write this further as Hfmi of T-Hf not Trefmi as Cpmi T-Tref now I want you to note that for the first time we are recognizing that each and every species may have different Cp than the other okay so Cp is actually species specific keep this in mind it is going to now haunt you through the rest of your lives if you are doing combustion for the rest of your lives okay usually we are saying Tref is 298.15 K so usually Tref 298.15 K if you want two decimal places accuracy on the temperature there so therefore heat of a reaction this is any reaction that we are now looking at let us for example let us say methane oxidation to carbon dioxide and water you can get Cp equals delta H equals H2-H1 equal to sigma I equals 1 to n ni double prime open your curly brackets here and then write delta Hf not Trefmi plus Hf T2-Trefmi minus Hf not Tref right take that back a little bit so you could write combinedly for this for each species Mi minus sigma I equals 1 to n ni single prime delta Hf not Trefmi plus Hf T1 minus Hf not Tref for species Mi right so you can see that T2 and T1 are showing up explicitly when we had these things parenthetically there okay but what about P1 and P2 they do not show up you are looking at ideal gases where the enthalpies are only functions of temperature therefore the sensible enthalpy depends on the temperature all right so you can explicitly see T2 and T1 show up here okay but what about pressures do we have to bother about them or do you do not we have to bother about them keep bothering about whether we want to bother about them or not okay so we will just proceed to what we want to do which is look at the adiabatic flame temperature we are now ready to look at the adiabatic flame temperature so what do we what do we understand by adiabatic flame temperature why is it called adiabatic we still do not know why it is called flame temperature or do we so in the first class we said the flame is nothing but a reaction zone and we are basically looking at any reaction which is happening to start with that P1 and T1 and ending at P2 and T2 and we know how to write an expression for the heat released in this reaction given the heats of formation the standard heats of formation of the species and the sensible enthalpies of the species which are supposed to be tabulated so that the tables will actually come contain a left hand column of temperature starting from let us say 298.16 and then keep on going up to fairly high temperatures maybe 4000 Kelvin 2000 3000 Kelvin or something like that okay and then for every row of temperature you will now get the sensible enthalpy for that species right so you have the sensible enthalpy as a function of temperature or if you do not want to deal with sensible enthalpy you can deal with CP's and the way you want to deal with CP as a function of temperature you can fit in polynomials and then do the integration or if you want to assume a calorically perfect gas you can now consider a CP that is constant over the range of temperature that is in that we are interested in right so you can do all these things so if you are given the ni double primes and the ni single primes okay and the heat of formation the standard heat of formation and the sensible enthalpies you could you could in principle find out the Qp but what see situation here what are we looking for what are we trying to find out we are trying to find out the adiabatic flame temperature okay that means we do not know the temperature at which the products will be when the reactants have burned that you get the products okay and we want to actually find out what will be the temperature at the time by the products when they have reacted from the reactants without losing heat to the surroundings at all therefore they get the maximum temperature possible because if you lose some heat to the surroundings the products will attain less temperature okay so not losing heat to the surroundings is what we mean by adiabatic so if you now have a adiabatic situation then you get the maximum temperature that is in principle possible for the products to attain from the reactants yeah so what would we want to do in this equation what do we what do we know and what do we do know yeah previously given T2 and T1 and P1 and P2 and N1 double prime and N2 double prime and you get the sensible enthalpy from the tables and the heats of formation from the tables you could find Qp but here what is given and what is not given and I double prime P2 if you assume constant pressure P2 is known and T2 is unknown you do not know what else is given sorry that's fine that that's been given even before so we are a fine T2 is a question right so previously we were given T2 and we could find Qp here what do we do you have to find T2 you have to find T2 so what do you what about Qp Qp is taken a 0 so starting point for us is to take Qp is equal to 0 so adiabatic simply means Qp equal to 0 right that means H2 is equal to H1 right and when you say H2 equal to H1 the implicit assumption is constant pressure okay so if somebody does not mention constant pressure and talks about adiabatic flame temperature it is implicitly assumed that you are basically in hearing about the constant pressure process okay so this refers to this unless you want to explicitly talk about constant volume adiabatic flame temperature then you have to say so okay because without that we are simply going to be equating H2 to H1 if you want to look at constant volume adiabatic flame temperature what do we want to see we want to say Qv is equal to 0 that means we have to be equating e2 to e1 alright here we are looking at Qp is equal to 0 therefore H2 is equal to H1 implicitly assuming constant pressure so adiabatic flame temperature assumes a constant enthalpy and constant pressure a constant enthalpy given by H2 is equal to H1 and the definitions of heats essentially having constant pressure in built in them so what this means is sigma i equals 1 to n ni double prime open up the equally brackets and then say delta Hf0 t ref plus Hf0 at t add okay and Hf0 t ref all for species mi equal to sigma i equals 1 to n delta Hf the right hand side remains the same as before t1 Hf I am sorry yeah okay that is fine t ref mi okay now for a calorically perfect gas of course we can assume Cp as a constant and then again explicitly so now what happens is t add is showing up as what we want it is actually a function of the sensible enthalpy and so what you have to look for is you now know you can find out what the right hand side is okay the right hand side is unknown you know and n y ni single prime and you know your t1 you can calculate these so what you have to look for is if you were if you knew your ni double prime okay ni double prime refers to the composition of the products given the composition of the reactants and we will talk about that soon okay if you are given an i double prime you have to find out so you know you now have to actually look at one particular temperature for which you could you could now look at the tables for the different species okay at that temperature and find out what this is and then see if it matches with the RHS and then the temperature that you chose for looking at the tables for each and every species in the sensible enthalpy is right if not you start with a different temperature so so again you can do this a bit iteratively okay or if you now assume a Cp as a function of temperature you will now get polynomial in temperature and you have to solve the solve this polynomial so you will now get a temperature explicitly showing up as a polynomial which has to be a solve for to get to get this temperature if you want to get rid of all these hassles and hopefully that is what you will face in things like exams because you can do this very quickly you assume a calorically perfect guess which means we can simply say Cp mi of t add- t reference and here you are going to have Cp mi t1- t difference so t t ribatic is actually showing up linearly as opposed to a polynomial okay and then you can just rearrange and get your temperature all right okay so that that is easy for a calorically perfect guess but not otherwise so given ni single prime and ni double prime one can find one can find t t ribatic from the above equation right okay. So sensible enthalpy is also tabulated as I said tabulated in Jan of tables as a function of temperature these are now available on the web for typical species that you would be interested in and so on okay now I want to talk about two things here okay and these are the two most important things as far as this is concerned so we now say this is equal to here because Qp is equal to 0 previously we had a negative sign and then the whole thing would be equal to Qp but now we have set Qp is equal to 0 split this apart so this refers to products this refers to reactants yeah so we have to keep in mind we are thinking about combustion and combustion is about burning fields okay and we want to identify but then the reaction that we took was something very algebraically general okay something like sigma i equals 1 to N ni single prime script mi gives sigma i equals 1 to N N i double prime script mi what was the fuel there how is it getting oxidized how do you know which is the fuel how do you know which is the oxidizer so we have this question okay so we wanted to be able to tell a fuel when you see it how do you do this what are we looking for when we burn what happens when when you burn a fuel it releases heat so how do you feel it it is pretty hot okay so we are basically looking for a fairly high value of theory abaric huh what are the typical values of theory abaric any idea or figure about theory abaric we do not even know whether you are having heat loss to the surroundings are not in the flames that you normally encounter okay but can you guess whatever is the temperature that in that you that you that you have in the flames that you encounter let us just take an example of the flame that you encounter example let us let us pick up pick a flame that you encounter any anything I do not even know what the premix flame is this is a second class or third class now I want to talk about something that I encounter candle flame so you now burn a candle okay what do you think is the temperature there but the peak temperature anywhere inside the candle flame ballpark figure are we looking at a few degrees Celsius or tens of degrees of Celsius hundreds of degrees of Celsius thousands of degrees of Celsius or 10,000 I am going on logarithmic scale what are we talking about right a few degrees Celsius is just this barely more than ice obviously it is not it is not that cold okay a few tens of degrees is big basically just barely more than body temperature or around body temperature but when I touch it it is pretty hot so of course I mean I cannot touch anything more than about 70 80 degrees I am going to get one okay the human body is so fragile you cannot dip your finger into boiling water which is 100 degrees C so we are not even talking about getting touching the flame that means I guess the temperature is now grading greater than 100 degree C right so is it hundreds or even worse thousands thousands so you light up a candle and you can get a temporary you do not even have to light up a candle if you are to light up a candle you have to strike a mat stick you strike a mat stick okay and you get a little fire there that flame is actually going to have a temperature that is of the order of 2000 Kelvin 2000 to 3000 it is so hot okay but if you are referring to plasma physics and so on it is only only so hot depends on what kind of person you are okay but we are talking about temperatures that are of the order of 2000 2000 C 2000 K does not matter when you are in 2000 whether to see okay okay is a matter of the same order okay so that is what we are looking at if you want to get that higher temperature here that means the sensible enthalpy has to be high okay if your sensible enthalpy has to be high the heat of formation here has to be low that is the reason why we said is stoichiometric mixture is the one where the products will have the highest negative heats of formation so now we are getting back to why we were talking about that okay so we want to have products that have the highest negative values here so that this will be high to compensate and get you the total and then we have to look at the total the total will be given by the right hand side okay so the right hand side is already a given you take a particular mixture of certain composition of methane and oxygen let us say okay the right hand side is fixed at a particular pressure and temperature you take everything okay temperature pressure composition these the species everything this right hand side is fixed then how do I know that I am actually working with the fuel and not some garbage that means how do I know that methane is actually going to work like a fuel that means I want to have a high total to begin with that this gives you the right hand side should be a fairly high total and keep in mind T1 is not going to be very high for you you do not want to actually heat up methane to 2000 Kelvin and then burn to get a carbon dioxide and water at 2000 Kelvin does not make sense so what is our methane at room temperature okay so room temperature is like okay 298 Kelvin let us say okay if you are not talking about a fairly low sensible enthalpy how is it possible for us to now have a very high total of the sensible enthalpy and the heat of formation together only if you have very high heat of formation for the reactant okay now if you have methane and oxygen oxygen is not going to contribute to your standard heat of formation at all because it is a reference element and then therefore we take it as 0 okay so the only way you are going to make sure that your T adiabatic is high is if you work with a particular species which gave you a very high standard heat of formation so you now look at a species and find that it has a high high standard heat of formation you know it is a fuel you see that is the way the catch you get that and then you can burn and you can get very high temperatures and that is the equation that tells you how to do this right so this pretty much contains like a lot of information about combustion which is very very interesting okay the second question that I have is I can give you ni single prime all right do I know ni double prime what is that a piece if I took a certain composition of reactants how do I know what would be the composition of the products is it straightforward see you Thursday


Unfortunately my most viral video ever was me going to Disneyland with my best friend realising that you can get alcohol. Do not ever get drunk at Disneyland. Swilling around some wine in Ratatouille land thinking I'm solid. Spend more money on teddies and enamel pins than I did on the entire trip. Two glasses of wine and I'm giving it oh I'm a pink collector now I'm gonna collect some pins. And then wake up the next morning realise my awful behaviours and make a video about it. Where am I going wearing this am I going on the night out? No! I'd hit 10 million views in a few hours and I was like oh my god I'm now known as that Disney Creek.


From the SiliconANGLE Media office in Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE. Now, here's your host, Dave Vellante. Hello everyone and welcome to this exclusive CUBE conversation. Here's the setup. The storage industry has been drowning in complexity for years. Companies like Pure Storage and Nutanix, you know, they reached escape velocity last decade primarily because they really understood how to deliver great products that were simpler to use. But as we enter the 2020s, virtually every player in the storage business is trying to simplify its portfolio. And the mandate is coming from customers that are under huge pressure to operationalize and bring to market their major digital initiatives. They simply can't spend time managing infrastructure that the way they used to. They have to reallocate resources up the stack, so to speak, toward more strategic efforts. Now, as you know, post the acquisition of EMC by Dell, we have followed closely and been reporting on their efforts to manage the simplification of the storage portfolio under the leadership of Jeff Clark. IBM is one of those leading companies along with Dell EMC, NetApp and HPE that are under tremendous pressure to continue to simplify their respective portfolios. IBM as a company has declared the dawn of a new era. They call it chapter two of digital and AI, which the company claims is all about scaling and moving from experimentation to transformation. Chapter two, I will tell you one questionably is not about humans managing complex storage infrastructure. Under the leadership of General Manager Ed Walsh, the company's storage division has aligned with this chapter two vision, and theCUBE has been able to secure an exclusive interview with Ed, who joins me today. Great to see you, my friend. Thank you very much for having me. So, you're very welcome.  How did we get here? How did the industry get so complex? I liked the way you kicked it off because I think you nailed it, but it's just how the storage industry always been. And there's a reason for it 20 years ago, but it's almost, it's run its course. And I can tell you what we're announcing, but everyone, there's always a difference between high-end solution sets and low-end solution sets. In fact, they're different. There's custom silicon on the high end. So think about EMC Symmetrics in the day. It was the ultimate custom hardware and software combination. And then the low-end storage, well, it didn't have any of that. And then there's a mid-tier. But we actually, everything's based upon, dude. So the thing about, you know, you need the right availability, the right price ports, feature function, availability features that made sense that you had to have that unique thing. So what's happened is we're all doing, you know, sustaining innovation. So we're all coming out the next high-end array for you. EMC's, the next one is the hashtag next generation storage, right, or mid-range. So they're going to redo their mid-range and then low-end, but they never come together. But this is where the complexity, you're nailing it. So no one's a high-end or low-end shop. They basically use it all. But what they're having to do is they have to manage and understand each one of those platforms, how to maintain it, it's kind of specialized, how to report on it, how to automate it. Each, the automation requirements are different, but then different APIs to actually automate it. Now the minute you want to say, okay, now help me modernize that and bring me to a hybrid multicloud, now you're doing a kind of complex thing over multiple ways, and it gets different platforms, which are all completely different. So, and now the key thing is in the past, it made sense to have high-end silicon with high-end software and it made sense and different low-end. And basically, because of some of the innovation we've driven, no longer do you have to do that. There's one platform that allows you to have one platform meet those different requirements and dramatically simplify what you're doing for enterprises. So, we're going to talk a little bit more about what you guys are announcing, but how do you know when you get there to this land of simple? Yeah, one is hard to get there. We can talk about that too, but it's when clients, so we just had a call this morning with our board of advisor for storage, our division, and they're kind of the bigs of the bigs, more on the high-end side, but just so you know the sample size, but literally in the discussion of what we're talking about, the platform, the simplification, how do you get to hybrid cloud, what we're going to do on the cyber instant response type of capability, cyber resiliency, and literally in the call, they're already emailing their team saying we need to do something more strategic, we need to do that, we need to look at this holistically. They love the simplicity. Everything we just went through there, they can't do anymore, especially in chapter two, it's about modernizing your existing mission critical enterprises and then putting them in a context of hybrid multi-cloud. That's hard. You can't do it with all these different platforms. So they're looking for, let me spend less, you said, forget my team to do upstack things, they definitely don't want to be managing different disparate storage organizations. They want to move forward and use that, free up a resource to do other things. So when I see big companies just literally jumping at it and giving example, we've talked about the cyber resiliency thing. I've had four of those this week, that's exactly what we need to have done. So it's just, I haven't had a conversation yet that clients aren't actually really excited about this and it's actually pretty straightforward. So I'll give you a benefit of the doubt. Again, we'll get there, but assuming you're there, why do you think it took so long? I mean, you kind of mentioned it's hard, but yeah. So transformations aren't never easy and typically whoever is a transformation agent gets shot in the back of the head, right? So it's really hard to get teams to do something different. So imagine every platform, now EMC has nine now, right? So it is through acquisition or others. You have VPs, you have VP of development, offering and maybe sales, but then you have whole teams or you have founders you've acquired, right? So you have real people that are, they love their platform and there's no way they're going to give it up. They always come out with a next generation and how it's going to solve all ills, but just it's a people transformation. How do you get, you know, we're going to take three and say, hey, it's one platform. Now, to do that as an operational transformation challenge, it's actually driving the strategy. You don't do it in a matter of a week. There's development to make sure that you can actually meet all the different use cases that will take you literally years to do and have a new platform, but I think it's just hard to do. Now, anyone that's going to do that, let's say, you know, EMC or HP wants to do it, they're going to have to do the same thing we did, which is going to take them years of development, but also it's meaning, I'm managing the transition and the people involved or the founders you've acquired, or it just, it's amazing. In fact, that's the most wonderful part of my job. It's dealing with people, but it can frustrate you. So we've seen this over the years where I mean, look at NetApp with the waffle. It was one size fits all for years, but they just couldn't cover all markets and then they're a face with TAM expansion. Of course, now the portfolio expands. Do you think the same? And they have three and, you know, and David Scott at HPE used to or HP at the time used to talk about how complex EMC's portfolio was and you see HP has to expand its portfolio.  We are seeing Pure with three, right? And then that's without the file. So I'm just talking about what we do for physical, virtual and container workloads in cloud, right? So if you start going into what we're going to do at scale up object, we all have our own there too. So, and I'm not even counting the three to get to that. So you see Pure doing the exact same thing because they're trying to expand their TAM and you have to do some basic innovation to have a platform actually meet the requirements of the high-end requirements, the mid-range and the entry-level requirements. It's not just saying I'm going to have one. You actually have to do a lot of development to do it. All right, let's get to the news. What are you guys announcing? So basically, we're announcing a brand new, we're a dramatic simplification of our distributed storage. So everything for non-Z. So if you're doing physical boxes, bare metal, Linux, you're doing virtual environments, VM or Hyper-V, or if you're doing container workloads or into the cloud, our platforms are now one. It's going to be one software, one API to manage, but we're going to actually, we're going to do simplification without compromise. We're going to give you what you need. You're going to need an entry-level packaging, mid-range and high-end, but it's going to be one software, allows you to meet every single price requirement and functionality. And we're going to give you some, what I'll say is surprises on the upside for what we're bringing out to you because we believe in value innovation. I think we can up the value we're bringing to our clients, but also dramatically take out the cost of complexity. But one thing we're getting rid of is saying the need, the requirement to have a different hardware software platform for high-end, mid-range and low-end. It's one hardware and software platform that gets you across all of those, and that's where you get a dramatic simplification. So same OS. Same OS? So normally what you would do, you would optimize the code for the high-end, mid-range and low-end. Why are you able to address all three with one OS? How are you able to do that? It took us three and a half years, so I'll talk about a couple of innovation pieces. So on the high-end you have customized silicon. We do, everyone does. So we had a Texas Memory Systems acquisition. It was a flash drawer to you, about 375 terabytes, uncompressed to you do. Pretty big chunky, you had to buy in big chunks. So it's on the high-end. That was the unit of granularity, right? But it gave you great value, but also you had great performance, latency better than you get in NVMe today before NVMe, but you get inline compression, encryption. So it was wonderful, but it was really ultra high-end. What we did is we took that great custom silicon and we actually made it onto what looks like a custom, or it should be a standard NVMe SSD. So you take a Samsung NVMe or WD and you compare it to what we would call our flash core module, they look the same and they go in interchangeably into the same NVMe standard slot. But what's in there is the same silicon that was on this ultra high-end box. So we can give the high-end exactly what we gave them before, ultra low latency, better than NVMe, but also you can get inline compression, Ddupe and all the ware leveling and all the stuff you expect in the custom silicon level. But we can take the same NVMe drive and we can put it into our lowest-end model, an average sale price, $15,000. Allows you to literally not no compromise on the high-end, but have unbelievable surprises on the mid-range and low-end, where now we can get the latencies and the performance and all those benefits on, to be honest, a much lower box. Same functionality, same functionality, so you lose nothing. Now that took a lot of work, that wasn't easy. You talk about people, there was roadmaps that had to be changed and we had to know that we're going to do that and stick to our guns, but that would be one. Other things is you're going to get some things on the upside that you're not expecting, right? So because of this custom silicon, I'm going to have unique price performance, but also cost advantages. So I'm going to have best price performance or density across the whole prog line, but also I'm going to do things like on the high-end, you're used to unbelievable operational resiliency, right? So two-site, three-site, hyper-swap, you know? Now with two boxes that act like one, have a whole outage or a site outage and you don't literally miss a transaction or multi-sites. So, but we're going to be able to do that on the low-end and the mid-range as well. Cyber resiliency is a big deal. So I talked about operational resiliency. It's very different coming back when it's cyber, but cyber instant response becomes key so we're going to give you special capabilities there which are not available for anyone in the industry, but is cyber instant response only a high-end thing or is it a low-end thing? No, it's across everywhere, right? So I think we're going to shock on the upside, but a lot of it was the development to make sure the code stack, but also the hardware, we can really say no compromise, you want an entry level, I'm going to meet anyone at that moment. In fact, because of features of it, I'm able to compete in an unfair level against everyone on the low-end. Same thing, mid-range and high-end, but you're not losing anything because you're losing the Cusm of Silicon. So let's come back to the cyber piece. What exactly is that? All right, so listen, this is not for data breaches, where you have to put in, so if a data breach happens, they steal your database or they steal your customer names, you have to report to the press, you have to let people know, but it's typically they don't call the storage guy and say, hey, solve it. It was stolen at a different level. Now the one thing is that doesn't hit the media, but it happens all the time, actually more frequently, and it definitely gets called down to the operation team or the storage team is for cyber or malicious code. They've locked up your system. Now they didn't steal data, so it's not something you have to report. So what happens is, call comes down and you don't know when they got you. So it's an iterative process. You have to literally find the box, bring up, maybe it's Wednesday. Bring it up, give it to the application group, no, it's there, bring up Tuesday. It's an iterative process. It's like drilling for oil a hundred years ago. Nope, drill another hole. So what happens is, if it's cyber, without the right tools, you use your backup, but one of my board advisors literally made your bank, I had four of those, I'll give you one. It took me 33 hours to bring back a box. It was a large database, 30 terabytes, 33 hours. Now why is you backup? Why didn't you use his primary storage against DR copies and everything? Well, they didn't have the right tool sets. So what we're able to do is, tape is great because it's air gap, but it takes time to restore and come back when you're running. The modern data protection like we have, or Veeam or Cohesity allows recovery being faster because you're mounting backup copies faster. But the fastest is your primary snapshots and your replicated DR snapshots. And if you can leverage those, but the reason people don't leverage it, and we came upon this almost accidentally, we're seeing what our services brother and IBM doing from IBM SOs or G outsourcing or GTS, when they did have a hit.  So you need to have, and we're providing the software, allows you to visualize what your recover points are, allow you to orchestrate bringing up environments, but more importantly, orchestrate it into a fenced network environment. So it's not going to step on production workloads and addresses, but allows you to do that and provide a URL to the different business users that they can come and say, yep, it's there or it's not. So even if you don't use a software before this incident, it gives you visibility, orchestration, and the more importantly, a safe fence network, a sandbox to bring these up quickly and check it out in an easy to promote production. So that's your safe zone. Safe zone, and it's just not there. So you start bringing up snapshots, and now it's not like a DR case where you're just bringing things up. It's like, you have to be really smart because you're bringing it up and checking it out. So without that, they don't want to trust to use a snapshot. So they just don't use primary storage. With it, it becomes the first thing you do because you hope you got it within a week or we can have your snapshots. If it's in the environment for nine days, now you're going to tape. Now, if you do this, if you put the software in place before an incident, now you get more values. You could do orchestrated DR testing. Because we're doing this orchestrated bring up application sets, it's not AVM, it's a sets of VMs, fence network, bring it up, does it work? You can use it for test dev data. You can use it for automatic DR. But even if you don't set it up, we're going to make it available so you can actually come back from these cyber incidents much faster. And this is the capability I get on primary storage because everybody's targeting the backup corpus for ransomware and things like that nature. This is primary storage. And we do it in our backups. So our backup allows you to do the exact same thing and do the bootable copies, right? And so if you have our backup product, you could already do this on primary. But what we're saying is, regardless of who you're using, because you're still sent, you need to do backup. You need to air get your backup because like WannaCry was in environments for 90 days. You know, your snapshots only for a week or two. So the fact matters, you need it. But in this case, if you're using the other guys, you can also, we're going to give it just for this tool set. How does immutability, does it factor? I know like, for instance, AWS and Reinvent, I think announced an immutability capability. I think IBM may have that because of the acquisition that you guys made years ago is I think clever safe and fundamental to their architecture. Is that a way to combat ransomware? So that's helpful. Immutability allows you not to change it. So ransomware and malware typically is either encrypting or deleting things. Encrypting is what they do, but they have the key. So the fact of matters are deleting things. So if it's immutable, you can't change it. Now, if you don't have the right controls, you can delete it, but they can't change it. They can't encrypt it on you. So that becomes critical. So what you're looking for is we do, like for instance, all of our, this flash system allows you to do these snapshots, local remote, that allow you to have and go to immutable copies, either in Amazon, we support that, or locally in our object storage or in IBM's cloud does allow us to do that. So the different platforms have this immutability that our software allows you to integrate with. So I think immutability is kind of critical. How about consumption models? The way in which you're packaging and pricing. People want to, the cloud has sort of changed the way we think about this. How have you responded to that? So you hit upon our chapter two, we, IBM actually resonates with the clients. It's chapter one, we're doing some lift and shift and we're doing some new use cases in the cloud and they had some challenges, but it worked in general. But we're seeing the next phase two is really now looking at the 80% of your key workloads, your mission critical workloads, and basically how you transfer those in. So as you're, basically, if you look at your chapter two, but you're going to do the modernization and you might move those into the cloud. So if you're going to move into the cloud, they would say, well, I like to modernize my storage free my team up because it's simple. I don't have to do a lot of things, but you need to simplify so you can now, modernize so you can transform. But I'm going to be in the cloud in 18 months. So I don't want to modernize my storage. So what we have is, of course we have, you can buy things, you can lease things, we have a utility model that's great to three to five years, but we have now a subscription model, which think of just cloud pricing. No launcher commitments, use what you use up and down. And if it goes to zero, Carlos will pick it up and there's no expense to you. So no long-term commitments in return.  Cancel anytime. Cancel anytime. Do you expect people to take advantage of that? I mean, is a ton of demand at this point in time? I think everyone's on their own cloud journey. So we talk a lot about meeting the client where they are at, right? So how do I meet them where they're at? And everyone's on their own journey, right? So a lot of people are saying, hey, why would I do anything here? I need to get there. But if they can modernize and simplify what they're doing, and again, these are your mission critical. We're not talking, these are how you're running your business. If you can make it work better in the meantime and then modernize it, get it to containers, get it to a new platform, that makes all the sense in the world. And because if we can give them a flexible way to say, it's cheaper than using cloud storage, like an Amazon or IBM cloud, but you can use it on-prem, free you up. And then at any time, just return it. That's a big value that people say, you know what, you're right. I'm going to go do that. You're able to give me cloud-based pricing down to zero when I'm done with it. And now I can use that to free up my team. That's the value equation. I don't think it's for everyone, but I think for a segment of the market, I think it's critical. And I think IBM's kind of perfectly positioned to do it with a balance sheet to help clients out. So how do you feel about this? I mean, obviously you put a lot of work into it. You seem pretty excited. You feel as though this is going to sort of help re-energize your business, your customer base. And how do you think competitors are going to respond? Good question. So I think simplification, especially if you get, when you talk about value equation, I think I can add more value to you, Mr. Customer. I can bring things you're not expecting, right? We'll get to the cyber in a second. That'll be one of the things they're not expecting and reduce the cost of complexity. So we've already done this a couple of times. So we did it with our mainframe storage launch in the fall. If bar none, the best box for that workload, lowest latency, most integration, encryption, pervasive encryption, and Christmas flights. But also we took it from nine variants to two, because we could. And people, why did you need all those? Well, there was reason for it in the past, but no longer. We also got rid of all the hard disk drives. We also add a little non-volatile cache and allowed you to get rid of all these battery backups, all these custom things that you used to have in this high-end box. And now it's dramatically simple, better. By the way, no one asked, hey, where did my other seven variants went? It was simpler, it was better, faster, but then it was the best launch we've had in the history of the Procline. So I think we can add better value and simplify for our clients. So that's what we do. You asked about how people respond. Listen, they're going to have to go through the same thing we did, right? A Procline has people behind it, and it's really hard, right? Or a founder behind it, right? You mentioned a couple of their acquiring companies. I think they're going to have to go through this. It's a transformational journey that they're going to have to go through. It's not as simple as doing a PowerPoint. I couldn't come to you and say, I can simplify without compromise. I can help you on the low-end, mid-range, high-end with the same platform, unless I did a lot of fundamental design work to make sure I could do that. Flash-core modules being one of them, right? So I think it's going to be hard. It'll be interesting. Well, they're going to have to go through the same thing I did. How about that? Usually, when you make a major release like this, you're able to claim Top Gun, at least for a while, and things like latency and bandwidth and IOPS and performance. Are you able to make that claim? So in fact, you'll see it, basically you saw it in the launch day, but basically you saw the latency, which is one, because we're bringing a custom silicon down, our latency, I'll give you a pure bragging on the websites, their lowest latency is 70 microseconds, which by the way is pretty, it's going to be 150 microseconds, pretty good, right? It's good bragging rates. We're at 70 microseconds, but that's on their X90 using storage class memory. So literally we're 2X faster than on the latency, how fast you can respond to something. But we can do it not only on our high-end box, but we can also do it on our average sale price, $15,000 box, because I'm bringing that silicon up and down. So we can do the latency. Now EMC, the highest and power max box rate though, two big chassis put together, that can do 100 microseconds. Again, still we're 70 microseconds, so we're 30% faster, and that's the epitomize of the high-end custom silicon and software. So latency, we got it, IOPS, right? So look at the biggest, baddest two boxes of EMC, they'll do 15 million IOPS on their website. We'll do 18 million, but instead of 2X, it's 8U, I mean it is 12X better IOPS for rack space if you want to look at that way. Throughput, which if you're going to do, it's all about building smart businesses, it's journey to cloud and building smart businesses. Everyone's trying to do this. Throughput and analytics becomes everything. And you're going to do analytics and everything. Your DBAs are going to run analytics. So throughput matters. Ours is for every one of our boxes that you can kind of add up and cluster out. It's 45 gigabytes a second. Pure for instance, their bragging rights is 18 and they can't cluster to get any more. So what we will do is on any of the, and most of them are high-end, but I'll say I can do the same thing up and down my line because we're on bringing the custom silicon. So on bragging rights, and that's just a kind of website, big bragging rights, I think we got it cold. And then if you look at price performance and just overall price per capacity, we're in line to be the most cost-effective across everything. The up and down the line is very interesting. It's kind of, it's unique. And then you mentioned resiliency. I'll tell you, that's the hottest thing, right? So you mentioned the cyber incident response. So that is something that's just, we did on the mainframe. So we did the last mainframe cycle. We allow you to do the same thing. And it literally drove all the demand for the product sets. It's already the number one thing people want to talk about because it becomes a, you're right. I needed that this week. I needed it last week. So I think that's going to really drive demand. What worries you? Well, on this launch, not much. I think it's how fast and far we can get this message out. Right, so. Okay, so execution, obviously. So you feel pretty confident about that. And then, yeah, getting the word out, letting people know. Well, congratulations Ed. No, thank you very much. Appreciate it. Appreciate it. Coming in. And thank you for watching everybody. This is Dave Vellante for theCUBE. We'll see you next time.


Hey everyone, this is Derek Christian with cleaning business today and if you're going to the issa show in Dallas Which I hope you are it's last week of October. I want to let you know about an interesting opportunity We're gonna have we are going to be offering nine one-hour Free coaching sessions with either myself Liz Trotter or Tom Stewart So anything you want to know how to recruit how to get more customers How to empower your office staff so you don't need to be in the office anymore These are the things we're gonna be talking about and we want to talk with you about it But there's a catch and it's not that big a deal But we are actually going to be recording these coaching sessions and then we're gonna edit it down for short Two to five minute segments and those segments will then be published during the year as part of cleaning business today Don't worry. We're not going to give away any of your secrets Mostly it's going to be you asking questions and us sharing some advice We want to show people what it's like to do a coaching session with us We want to give our readers great content in these coaching sessions are normally only available for our foundation students We normally don't do coaching for people haven't signed up for our foundations program So you don't need to be a foundation student. This is one of the few occasions We can get one-on-one coaching with us without being in foundations and we look forward to seeing you So I'm gonna put the link with this video and hopefully we'll see you there. Thank you