Hi, folks. My name is Danny Martins. I'm the product manager for SSH-related projects within Windows and Azure and Microsoft. Today, I'll be showing you how to manage Windows Server via SSH and Arc. Jumping straight into it, today I'm going to show you in about 10 minutes how to connect to your Windows Server without a public IP address via SSH and Arc. How are we going to do this? First, we're going to enable Azure Arc. If you're not familiar with Azure Arc, Arc allows you to bring the Azure Management plane onto a non-Azure-joined piece of hardware. This could be something where it's your local computer. It could be a machine that's running in a private data center or a machine that's in a different Cloud provider. Next, we're going to enable SSH on our Windows Server. SSH has long-binned industry standard for promoting. Windows has been the exception. If you look at connecting to a Linux machine, a networking device or an IoT device, you're probably going to use SSH to connect to that machine. Historically, WinRM or PowerShell Remoting, or RDP has been used to connect to Windows Servers. But if we look at WinRM, WinRM is no longer receiving any feature updates, and all of PowerShell Remoting's future is based off of SSH. If we look at RDP, it's difficult to audit the actions performed over RDP. You can't audit a mouse click. Next, we're going to look at how to use Azure PowerShell and native SSH commands to can actually connect to that machine without that public IP address. This is possible using the Arc connectivity back into Azure. Next, I'll show you how to enable Keybase login for administrator. SSH keys are a more secure way of authenticating to your machine compared to user and passwords which are generally standard for the RDP connection or a WinRM connection. Lastly, I'll show you this a fallback to using RDP access over SSH, and if you're not ready to fully commit to transitioning to SSH at this point. Let's just jump straight into our environment. Here, I have a Windows Server 2025 Insider Build. This is the latest Insider Build. If I look at my local server, we have added an option to enable remote SSH access. We'll start by enabling both Arc access and SSH. When I click to enable Arc, I've already installed the Arc agent just for the sake of time, but we still need to configure it and connect it to our Azure account. I'll do a quick sign into Azure, go through my two-factor flow. I've successfully signed into Azure, and next I'll connect it to my specific tenant. Subscription and resource group. Lastly, I'll add the region. Great, so while this is connecting to Azure, I'll show you that I have, already have some Arc machines here. So now in the Azure portal, you can see I have two existing Arc machines, and once this machine is onboarded, we'll see another machine pop up here. Give it one more second just to show you it's there. We can see it's complete and we'll refresh one more time. There it is. Now I've onboarded my machine into Arc, and I can see it in the Azure portal. Next, let's enable remote SSH access. When we enable SSH on the machine, this is going to run a PowerShell script to start the SSH service and set the startup type to be automatic. Great, so now we've already enabled Azure Arc on this machine and we've enabled, say the SSH server side component running on this machine. And so if I want to connect, I can open a local terminal experience. So here I have PowerShell running on my local client. We'll minimize out of this RDP view just so you can see that, yes, I am not running on my remote server. So here I can connect my server by running enter AZVM. And in this case, I can specify my resource group, in this case Arc servers, the machine that I've just onboarded and I may be connecting as an administrator. I've also specified the resource type as a hybrid compute machine because this is an Arc enabled server. This command can also be used for Azure VMs as well. So when I execute this command, it's going to say, hey, we need to set up SSH connectivity on this Arc server. This is purely for the connectivity that Arc is going to provide. And so here I'm going to say yes, I want to enable SSH based connectivity over Arc to this machine. This is something that's specific for an owner of that resource. If you have someone who is a reader or a contributor access to this machine, they will not be able to enable this. So now that this is running, it's going to try to connect. And if you're familiar with SSH based connections, the first time you connect to a new machine, it asks you to validate your fingerprint. This is a standard process for SSH or connecting to any machine. And I know that this is the correct machine. So I will say yes to that. Here I'll supply my administrator password and I've connected to this machine. And so in this case, I've connected to my new Windows server that I've onboarded into Arc and I've enabled SSH and able to connect from my local client and probably less than five minutes. And so now you have this ability to go from any public machine that you can authenticate into Azure into any of your Windows servers without domain joining, without having to have a VPN or a public ID address on that machine, you can connect via SSH and Azure Arc. If you already have existing automation, let's just say you're in a heterogeneous environment where you have Linux machines and Windows machines. And let's say you already have existing SSH based tooling. Maybe you're running Ansible. Maybe you like to use SFTP for file transfers. How can you leverage this connectivity? Again, without that private public IP address to be able to connect to that machine. And so we also support an export, exporting an SSH config file. But here you can say export azsshconfig. Again, supply that resource group name, user login resource type and also create an SSH config file. So here I provide a config file path. We'll just create a foo.fig and this will take the proxy that's used in order to connect to my machine that I have packaged as part of Azure PowerShell. And it's gonna say for any SSH connection that's connecting to the host, it's gonna use a proxy command to be able to connect. And so in this case, if I say SSH and provide the config file I just created so my foo.fig, I supply the resource group of my connection the machine name and the user I'm gonna connect as I can then run the same command. Again, I'll get prompted for my password. I'm in that same machine just through a native SSH experience. This also applies if you wanna use something like SFTP so I can easily change this into SFTP and connect to that machine again. And again, I'll hear I'll get prompted for the password but we'll just kill that command now. Let's say instead of having to want to enter your password each time you wanna set up an SSH key. How do we do that? I already have an SSH key that I use to connect to all of my arc machines and so I'm going to create a key variable that has the content of that key. So now I have a PowerShell variable with my key value and there we can build some remote PowerShell script. To add a file in the SSH folder on my remote host with the administrator authorized keys with the value of the key file that I'm passing. So here I will create that remote PowerShell and now I can go back to that same SSH command that I have previously and I can just supply this remote PowerShell command. Here it's going to connect to the machine. It's going to make me authenticate with my username and password one final time and it's going to execute that remote PowerShell script. But you can see it's successfully run the one command and there's zero failed commands that have run. And so now if I go back to that original enter AZVM command, I no longer have to use a username and password. I can just supply the private key file that I wanna use to connect. And so in this case, the private key file that I use for my art machines, I can run this command and I'm not gonna be prompted for a username and password because I've supplied the key into that onto the server. Great, so now we have the ability to connect over a private IP address and we have the ability to more securely connect without a username and password using an SSH key. And so if you're building any automation that's cross platform across Windows Server or in other environments, you can use SSH connectivity to reduce the amount of scripts and tooling that you have to have to do Windows administration and Unix administration. And you can merge those to build at the one automatic processing across both over SSH. Let's say you're not quite ready to move completely over to SSH. You still wanna have a fallback and be able to RDP into your machines. The nice thing about SSH is it supports arbitrary port forwarding. And so in this case, we've built a parameter dash RDP. And so when I execute this command, it's going to create an SSH connection, but it's gonna use that as a tunnel for an RDP connection to my remote server. And so it's opening a tunnel to my remote server and it's using SSH to connect from the local host port to my remote server. In this case, it's failed. And we know this was going to fail because just like how we enabled SSH and Arc on my remote server, we have enabled remote desktop. And so it's expected to fail. So in the case that you want the fallback default to use remote desktop, just enable RDP back on this machine, apply that and say, okay, and we'll run this command one more time. In this case, it's using my SSH key to create that tunnel. And I'll be prompted for an RDP authentication into the machine. In this case, I still have to use my username and password for the administrator because RDP does not support key base login. And I now have a new RDP section connecting to that machine. And you can see the difference here because on the connection, it's showing that I'm connecting to a local host port, but this is indeed that same remote Windows server that was connecting to previously. Great, so what have we done? So in the past 10 minutes, we were able to easily enable Azure Arc, enable SSH server component on Windows Server 2025, connect the machine without a public IP address via Azure PowerShell and a native SSH command. You could also use that with other open SSH based tooling. We enabled key base login and we've also shown how to fall back to RDP if you need that and you're not ready to forward transition. That's all the time I have today. Thanks so much for your time. If you have any questions, I'm Ganey Martins. You can find me on Twitter or message me on GitHub. Thanks so much. Welcome to Windows Server Engineering Summit. Today I'm talking about disaster protection with SR, storage replica in Windows Server 2025. My name is Ned Pyle. I'm a Principal Program Manager in Windows Server. You may know me from SMB, DFSR, Active Directory, File Services, but I'm also a designer and creator of Storage Replica, which we first released in Windows Server 2016. And we have a lot of big news in that space that I'm gonna talk about today. I've only got 15 minutes. I gotta be fast. So let's talk enhanced performance, compression, and I will show you lots of practical demos. Let's go. Storage Replica helps organizations survive disasters. It helps you keep your job. SR is designed for you to be employed. It protects companies, organizations, businesses, from gigantic forces outside of their control. And those forces can be earthquakes, hurricanes, wildfires, and they can happen at a city level. They can happen at a regional level. They can happen at a town level. And depending on the size of the organization, that's a big enough disaster that could affect you. Just even the last year, this is a National Weather Service data. These are the billion dollar natural disasters that happened just in the United States in 2023. So every one of these things, whether it's a wildfire or flood or a tornado or giant snowstorm or whatever, each one of these represents at least a billion dollars worth of damage. And SR is here to protect you from that, to give you continuity, to make sure that your place can keep running. So what do we got? In 2025, we have something called the Enhanced Log. Storage Replica writes data blocks above the partition, IO blocks into these logs and chips them between machines using to reconstruct the data blocks on another machine. And so the performance of this log is key to Storage Replica's performance. It is the engine. It is the thing that does the replication. And this new Enhanced Log, we sometimes call the raw log reduces latency, increases throughput, and is based on a different type of technology. So it requires a new partnership. It is in Windows Server 2025 only. And, but you can still use 25 servers with SR and in its older mode called CLFS logs on 22, 2019, 2016, anywhere where SR lives. And then there's compression. So Storage Replica uses SMB, you know me from SMB as its fabric, as its transport. And because SMB does compression, we plumbed SR to do compression. And that can give you really significant network savings. It can save you a lot on inefficient IOs that write a lot of effectively empty blocks of stuff into the data. And so on a crappier network, you can see real significant savings on a highly congested network. You can see real savings. And this is now in server 2025 and all of its additions. It was actually shipped in 22, but only in Azure edition. So you may not have been aware that this functionality was there. Now it's available for everybody for all things. And it's primarily for asynchronous replication. Obviously SR does synchronous and asynchronous. All right. So this new log and compression and asynchronous gives me, I think, a very viable alternative to using DF-SR. Everybody's seen DF-SR, it came out 2003 R2. It's what you use to keep your sysfalls in sync automatically. But its custom replication is a very complex, large system, a file replication that's been around for almost 20 years. And it's got some real limitations, especially in age as being a disaster recovery, disaster prevention option. It only works on unlocked files. So locked files, in-use files don't replicate. It's extremely latent. Minutes, hours, days, latent on changes. It has, at this point, pretty small maximum size limitations just because it was designed for a world that no longer exists. It's extremely slow in initial sync. It's multi-writer, which is advantageous in some ways, but can cause its own set of disasters with data overrides from multiple users accessing multiple copies of the data at various points in between replication. It has a very complex and rather finicky staging system that requires a lot of tuning and careful math in order to make sure your replication works optimally. And a lot of space reservation in order to make sure that it will replicate at all as your file sets get larger. And because it's so old, again, it's from 2003 R2, it never knew things like REFS and newer file systems. It was completely incompatible with them. And really, most of its really significant development ended in 2008 R2. There was some changes in 2012, some smaller changes in 2016, but for the most part, DFSR has just been a maintained product now that's as good as it's ever going to get. So when could I use storage replica instead of DFSR? I need zero data loss, minimal data loss. I can't be dealing with locked files. I can't be worried about replication being out of sync for very, very, very long periods of time. I've got lower latency in higher bandwidth networks, although compression will help here. Ideally, if you're gonna push this much data, you're gonna wanna have better networks. And DFSR was designed to work on, you know, modem networks, extremely narrow networks. And I only need two copies of the data. As DFSR supported thousands and thousands of copies of the same file, SR just does a source server and a destination server. And that's it. And finally, I don't care about this multi-user case. I don't want users writing to 14 different copies of the file and then a complex algorithm deciding who won. Okay, so let's talk about tackling some of DFSR's disaster prevention failings with storage replica. So the initial sync, here is DFSR, the old DFS management snap-in. Familiar to anybody who grew up on Windows Server 2003. I'm gonna go ahead and add a couple of servers here. These are decent servers. They've got all flash. They've got 10 gigabit networking between them on TCP. I'm trying to make this a fairly reasonable case. I'm gonna set up replication. I'm gonna set up primary. In this case, it's gonna be 421. Keep that in mind. And I'm gonna set up what folder I'm gonna replicate. In this case, it's on the eDrive, RF1 folder. And then I'm gonna add the other server, which is 423 and turn on replication. Give it a place to replicate two and let it rip. And that's sort of an optimistic way of putting things because this is, of course, DFSR, there's not a whole lot of ripping going. So, we'll go look at the event logs. And I find my, I'm looking for my 4112 event. That's my, I've started event. There it is, okay. So here's where I've initialized the replicated folder. I've got a primary member and I'm waiting for all that data to get pulled by the secondary. So I'm calling the secondary and I'm looking for a 4102 event that says I've heard about this and I'm starting. So, we're gonna catch this and just watch and see how long it takes. We can see how big this is. I'm replicating about 400 gig of data, about 10,000 files, a mixture of all kinds of files, some big, some small. And so, we've been waiting for a while. We're doing 72 gig of wait for, let's wait longer. All right, we waited a lot longer. We waited three hours and it's finally done doing 400 gig. Over 10 gigabit, that's not great.  I tuned staging.  So I made DFSR as fast as I could really make it. Honestly, if this had been an out-of-the-box setup and I hadn't touched any of that stuff, this initial sync, especially with these types of files I was replicating, some of them very large, multi-gig files, it might have taken 24 hours. It might have taken 48 hours to finally reconcile getting its way, forcing it through the staging and the high water marks and the flushing operations and all this shenanigans that DFSR does. Anyway, let's get on to the good stuff. Here's storage replica. Now, why do I call it the raw log? Check out this volume I just created. It is, in fact, raw. And we're sort of restoring this log. It's actually based on storage spaces. Technology is where this log is actually kept. And so now I'm going to put in my server. It's 421 again. I'm just picking a different drive. So instead of using the eDrive, which is where DFSR was, I'm just picking another exactly the same hardware, gDrive, another flash drive. And I'll add my other server and pick another drive. And I'm going to set this for asynchronous just because I'm trying to match up to my use case where it's a file server that I want to be working on worse networks. I don't need synchronous replication. And I'm probably going to use compression. So it started. I'm watching. Notice I'm using Windows Admin Center for all of this, not Grosold Snap-ins from 1999. And time has gone by. It's now continuously replicating. And if I go look in my event viewer here, which is in whack, and I don't need to go wandering off to another tool, I can see here that my replication started at 8.09 and it finished at 8.17, eight and a half minutes is how long it took. That's all. So not three hours, not 24 hours, not 48 hours, eight and a half minutes, not too shabby. And if I was being like, cool, I would have used RDMA and SMB Direct and 40 gigabit network cards here. It would have been even faster, but I'm giving DFSR a fighting chance because I don't want to be super rude. All right, let's talk about just protecting a file. So I'm going to take on my DFSR server. I'm going to copy this big file. It's about 14 gigabytes and just drop it into my replicated folder on the source machine. And here it's copying. And then it's going to be replicated over to the other server using DFSR. And so it's taking me, I don't know, 20 seconds to copy the file here onto the machine. And, but it's not really protected yet, right? It's got to actually be copied. So let's take a look at this thing. And last access at about a minute, it's a helpful little timestamp. So let's go over and look on the other server and figure out how long it took for this thing to show up. And we take a look. It's still not here. Should start with an S. Let's just wait a while. We ended up having to wait about, well, about 10 minutes. When I open this file, you can see my last access time. It took quite a while for it to show up, actually. Let's try this with storage replica. Now, this is not files anymore, so I can't go look at a file, right? It's blocks.  The same file, I'm gonna do it again. So I'm gonna set my log writes per second. I'm gonna set my bytes per second on sent. And then I'm just gonna do the same thing. Just copy a file into the storage replicated g drive. Let's just copy this thing over here. Here it goes. Now, I'm copying the file onto the disk, but really what am I doing, right? I'm replicating the file onto the other server simultaneously. So this copy, when it's done here, being on the disk, it's done being on the other one as well. There's no 10 minutes. There's no, like, let me unlock the file. There's no, well, I'm waiting for the staging folder to clear out. None of that nonsense. Like, the IO here is the IO on both machines. And you can see it's going. I'm getting a pretty good throughput there. And when we're all said and done, I'm waiting for this to finally finish flushing out. Here we go. 35 seconds. Not bad. Not 10 minutes. Not two hours. Not a week. 35 seconds. So here's the old log and the new log. CLFS log versus raw log. The exact same operation. How much better is it than, say, Windows Server 2022? Copy my file. Everything's being happening at the same time. You can see that I'm actually getting more consistent throughput and higher throughput on my raw one. By now, if you haven't guessed, it's the number, it's the top one is where raw is going. And so it's cranking and cranking, consistently cranking, no dropouts, moving along consistently, doing about 500 megabytes a second. That's looking good. This, by the way, is synchronous replication this time. And when it's done here, flush, 32 seconds. The other one's gonna keep going. This is still being protected pretty fast, way better than the FSR, but it's taking much longer to be done because this is the old log from 2022 server. And there it is, 48 seconds. So a vast improvement over the old storage replica, not just over the FSR. So better performance, better network usage, excellent disaster protection. It's in all editions of 25. It's included, there's no extra price, there's no special subscriptions or anything. And I have written an entire article on being able to go and do a migration you can use from the FSR, storage replica. It's on the FileCab blog. And I wanna thank you for your time. Please enjoy the rest of Windows Server Engineering Summit.


Going on everyone Sam here with latent sports car driven 23 tops gilded collection baseball hobby six-box case break number 21 Random division style look again at your random results as always can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat So good luck Let's do it again. Just six to go Star Wars six series That is on that stuff is on sale. Oh for to go now all with two. Thank you Paul are for to go It's our worsting series everybody for to go here.  Let's do it. That is a Chris Bryant 9 of 50 go into the NL West Chris Bryant You can make this one right here to 99 Gunnar Henderson 33 of 99 AL East Congrats on that nice gunna gonna too hard. That is a Grayson Rodriguez super fracter AW Finally, dude. We did it Sam. Oh no. They would oh super fracter. Let's go. God. That's gorgeous Wiggles there of course is the one of one. Oh, he's killing it, man So let's pull a super fracter and that's what we do a nice 22 is 75 can wall the chalk Going to the AL West on the auto That's gorgeous is gorgeous Tim there he is. Hell yeah, congrats buddy going to the NOS Dave Winfield 16 of 25 Yes, sir. Thank you Tim. Good stuff, dude. Good stuff Jonathan what up, buddy? I'll take that for the card stand. Thanks. That's got to go up Gray rod super fracter God that looks so good Tim this is this is that is an awesome card, dude Congratulations, man Yeah, that I think is the first one we've pulled. I believe that is the first super we've pulled right there All right, here we go. All right, Mike trout 11 to 75. There we go AL West Did you really shite brought Grayson Rodriguez in a five-case gilded? We've got 299 Freddy Freeman 299 swear to God. Jeez, man 2199 Taj Bradley 57 of 199. Let's go, baby Ray's legend AL East and going to the AL West 32 is 75 Ezekiel Doran on the rookie auto Oh, you're watching it right now shape. Oh, no We've got Nolan Ryan AL West 2 of 10 on the onyx nice big unit are not big unit express nice express Whoa, right express what are you gonna roast me now? Oh, I'm Jake. I'm funny Haha We've got Corey seager 2 of 75 Koi sega one of the AL West which will never live that one down Koi sega Bryce Terang nice one there to 99 Oh No Raffy Devers 13 to 25 going to the AL East nice one there and they're Ray wave Then you have to go and pull that nonsense See, I knew you're gonna I knew that was the your plan chains I had to come and ruin it for you 34 50 Carlos Perez ales central nice one there Nice going to the AL East Jim Rice 799 now, it's just all gravy Tim. Yeah, now. It's all gravy, buddy 799 Jim Rice I literally I can't stop looking at that this thing dude. That's so nasty That's a good one too because that's like he he didn't have a rookie until this I think now He might have been in series to Raphael Devers To the supers and gilded looks so good dude. Holy crap so good They look so good in person to Mookie Betts 25 is 75 and L West Dude, it's so clean. Shipe. It's so clean Al West Luis Castillo Congrats Al West. Yeah, that is a really good one too. It's a really good one Al central is Simeon Woods Richardson 42 of 50 Simeon Woods Richardson And 299 and Elise to Kodai Senga Grats on that one there and L East Joseph C picking up the Vikings in choice. Thank you, buddy Kodai Senga. Oh nice AOS Josh young 12 of 50 is a great case man AOS Mike C. There you go, Mike. We'll get that into a mag for you, buddy very nice I'd say you probably mad I'm gonna tell you that but slip my mind. I got you. I got you too busy looking at the Grayson Rodriguez. I Know I know Beep beep beep beep beep beep beep beep It's like that's like dying in the storm with a Okay, dude All right, I just saved you two Sacrifices myself. Yeah, that's what they're calling it Nice one here Logan Oh hoppy to 75 for the ALS on the rookie at Goldweb. Don't worry Beel hoppy. You hoppy And L East Greg Maddox 66 of 99 80 yo Greg 80 yo Greg 80 yo Greg. Come on God AL West that is a J rod 31 of 50 nice one there congrats AL West and And at least 299 Mark Vientos Grats and L East Michael T with three and Star Wars sick series. Let's go Michael. Come on man. Come on, baby Appreciate you down to one everybody I've been a merino this time to get hit again and nice AL East Jorge Posada 9 of 25 My favorite player is growing up probably would say my favorite player my favorite Yankee player Growing up and knows are losing right now. Uh-oh. What knows are losing seven to ten All right last box Yeah, everybody good luck. Good luck Good luck two autos in this one Extra auto season Bobby wit jr. To 75 Nice one there congrats AL central Bobby wit jr. Bobby wit Cool it. All right. We've got nice one here for the NL central to 99 O'Neill cruise O'Neill cruise That is a Matt Mervis 51 of 199 Merv the swerve NL central. There it is There it is Mervis word. Oh, yeah We're back. We're so back dude back like we never left. We're back back like we never left To a fit Jesus to a 50 Lenin Sosa. Oh my god Come to the AL central what a case this was dude going to Kevin M in the NL East ATL Michael ATL Michael 4 5 Michael Harris What a case man Holy cow Jeez dude, this was this is the best case of gilded up This year right here good lord dude four or five Michael Harris on the rookie auto. Good lord Let's go man right into a mag as well and onto our final framed card Is it going to the AL central Carlton Fisk? 15 of 50 dude. What a case man. Whoo Man, let's go dude Let's go All right quick recap here So for their number to 199 Taj Bradley Matt Mervis to 99 O'Neill cruise Greg Maddox Luis Castillo Freddie Freeman and Bryce Terrain to 75 Bobby Witt Mookie Betts Mike Trout Cori Seeger Logan Ohapi to 50 Jayrod Chris Brunner 25 Bobby Witt Mookie Betts Mike Trout Cori Seeger Logan Ohapi to 50 Jayrod Chris Bryant Simeon Woods Richardson Rapidevers to 25 We've got Mark of the Entos Jim Rice Zikiel Doran Ken Walde Chuck Lenin Sosa Carlos Perez Carlton Fisk Dave Winfield Jorge Pasada Nolan Ryan Magg cards Gunner Henderson to 99 Kodai Senga to 99 on the auto Josh young to 50 To five four or five Michael Harris red auto and then one-of-one super fractor Grayson Rodriguez That is gonna do it for the break guys. What a case of gilded up next Star Wars Galaxy


Every time you see this shirt, you know it's gonna be a good day, baby. Welcome back boys. I hope you've gotten your phones out I hope you've got your dial-in merch on. I hope you picked your phone up and dial them because we got a big boy Banger in store for you today coming off a hot W last week. We had range good wheelspins We had challenge wheelspins. We had it all. We've still got kabosh kabugush Viva Jonathan Allen clowny digs around Harman. We're so stacked. We can hardly upgrade this team Realistically, I could get a right tackle I can add a little bit of wide receiver depth and then I need a 90 overall kicker to get focused kicker, but dude I really can't upgrade this team. It's that good. It is a good problem to have Let's just say that Jalen Hertz continues to play incredible I'm pretty sure he had a QB rating of a hundred forty plus last game. He barely missed passes He had a touchdown. I don't get it. I like straight up.  Can I really prestige Jalen Hertz? I guess I could but also we've got a whole season with this quarterback We kind of want to try out something new I might let you guys decide But that is a bridge that we can only cross if we get our wins in the playoffs right now We're moving on to the divisional in the playoffs. That's our game for today Our number one goal right now should be a focus kicker. All right, we're spinning the playoffs wheel I don't really know how I'm gonna get a focus kicker. I'd have to get pretty lucky with like oh That is exactly how I get a focus kicker and I was talking about polymorph last time. Let's go I can trade out 380 to 88 overall elites for one 90 to 94 So I'm gonna trade out Leonard Davis trade out Corey Linsley won't get any reps anyway And the Danny and Tomlinson literally won't touch the field either because we've got Cordero Patterson now It's just too easy, bro. I'll probably go with Justin Tucker Although I don't think it actually matters and I actually personally like Matt Prater better because Matt Prater Not only was he a lion. He didn't kick an NFL history game-winning field goal against my team. Pickers are expensive, bro But I gotta do it. I got I got Cardinals Matt Prater Ask him you shall receive I guess a big clutch and two things I want to say I would have like a crazy outfit on for this episode right now because this is a big one But I did ship a lot of my stuff off to Arizona already and about a week here I'm moving to Arizona so say goodbye to our beautiful studio. Don't worry. I'm gonna build an awesome one there too My long-term goal is to switch between this house in Arizona about five or six months each year I have six months of bangers in Arizona and then I'll read it right back here, so don't worry But a ton of my stuff a ton of my stuff is in storage going there Gucci Christmas robe those goggles I was wearing before maybe abuse pigs in there I haven't seen that man's in so long So just I let you guys know also you'll probably only see one or two more wheel of muts in this studio Just so I let you guys know alright first real spin amazing I got to get him in and make sure I activate that ability. Hey great star All right boys Matt Prater's headed into the lineup as we're getting our second real spin a elite right tackle A really good right tackle would be best case scenario here. It's gonna be top-ten guest agent Okay, the odds we get a right tackle here might not be that high and I also would then have to guess through To get him I'm gonna go sort the entire auction house overall and out of those ten the first ten that I see I can take any player But I have to guess their age correctly. All right boys when I hit X here It's gonna be sorted by descending so it should be all of the highest overalls currently on the auction house three two one This is big. This is big Brady Moss. Okay. Okay. Okay. I got juice Oh, please camo that could be good to John Mackay. I guess would be okay Duran Harmony have you Calvin Johnson actually could be good I do need wide receiver depth and Jerry Rice. Okay, lots of good options, but I don't do it I don't know how old Randy Moss is right now.  He can't be older than 50 He can't be younger than 35. I'm gonna say he's 42. It's 44 Randy Moss 44. Okay, so that's enough Kyle juicy juice Bro, I have the 85 overall. I actually would love the 93. Let me hysterical dude. He's been in the legal while I have to imagine he's getting older, but he can't be so old that he's still playing I'm gonna say 30 on the money because I feel like you get any older than that You just don't even want to be playing football anymore age 30 years April 23rd 1991 has that happened yet. Is that accurate? No, it hasn't he's 30. You know what? I really don't want an upgraded fullback right now, but he's kind of a stud I will take it if I can't get anything else. I'll take it mega truck I feel like he's got to be like 39 40 41. I'm gonna say he's 38 He might not even be 38. He could still be playing football 36 Kalei is Campbell. He's old too, bro. I'm gonna say Kalei's Campbell is 32.  I have no clue. I'm gonna say I'm gonna say 59 October 13 1962 so he just turned 59 too. Oh my god, that's hilarious So I could take Jerry Rice or Kyle Juicy juice. I feel like depth-wise Jerry Rice makes more sense But what are what are your stats? Are you that cracked? He has 91 speed Terry McLaurin is way faster than Terry McLaurin. Let's go Jerry Rice I think this is the best play DK Metcalf AJ Brown and Jerry Rice We have two of the best young wide receivers in the NFL actually three if you add Terry McLaurin We got three of the best and then we got this 59 year old bum Even is Jerry Rice like does anybody know who that is? I don't even know that I'm kidding I'm kidding settle down. Don't un-unwrite that comment. I'm kidding All right, our challenge wheel which came up clutch last time too, so let's see if we can get another one here It's gonna be Hattrick I've never got to use it yet 40 fantasy points with one player full PPR is how I'm gonna be tracking this So if you don't play fantasy football, I'm sure what I'm saying doesn't make a lot of sense But if fantasy football your players are gonna earn points duh for every reception I get a point for every yard that player gets divide by 10 and that's a point if they have 10 receptions The player has 10 points if they have 10 receptions and a hundred yards. That's 10 more points for the yards That's 20 points and then touchdowns count for exactly what touchdowns count So if one player has two touchdowns 10 receptions and a hundred yards, that's 32 point being somebody has to Seriously go off to get 40 fantasy We're in so fine It's a super we're playing in a Super Bowl. We got the coin toss. Oh, we're kicking off. Let's go It's three letter of radiation is warm. Maybe I'm being a little cocky, but I'm pretty sure one means wheel of mud All right defense wins championships Honestly defense is pretty much the only reason I'm in the position I'm in right now So let's stick with it. God will go is on the QB spy And he appears to be doing a good job at it's doing a great job at it You're gonna keep that QB spy on he goes with a run baseline. Okay good Oh throw this. Oh, that's sketchy. No, he's not in bounds He's not in bounds more than two in the Super Bowl from his own 35 in the Super Bowl.  Oh Did he get that I respected that was really impressive. We're just gonna QB contain just play base coverage Oh, that dig is open across the middle not anymore. Don't get him and I'm on this. What are you doing? I'm all over that. He said is this pop it is my son. It is second and 20 in the Super Bowl Nope slip screen gets swatted down by Jimmy and cloudy. All right. Let's stay in the contains It looks everyone fully covered. Don't get them fourth and 18 impeccable defense.  Hopefully he follows Metcalf here That's the goal. See if he dies he dies and we're gonna get the pass off great throw get in the end zone Let's go. I don't know what he just did there. He just squatted down. I think I meant to die either way It's a reception a touchdown and passing ours huge play right there. This is the playoffs They don't take our foot off the gas in the playoffs. We keep pumping. So let's go. Let's hit the edge Let's get through. Oh my god. He got lit up, but he's still got it two point conversion is five touchdown is six Reception is one. He's at 12 Ed Reed.  He rolls out left. Oh, okay. Okay. Yes, sir I'm all over that reach for it. Nice play TJ. What can you spy good? Let's just play coverage Okay It's about to be 16 to zero. Let's give that edge one more time with Derek Henry. Oh my god Two more fantasy points, baby All right, nothing there nothing there. He's looking for the scramble. It's not there. Absolutely disgusting This could be a run on blitz and hard I'll make another one with every fourth and seven Let's see who goes with Nothing there nothing's going Oh, and we just get tackled by an offensive lineman, but we're at the 50. Let's see if he'll bite I want to throw Henry one more time. You have bite on waller. I don't waller. Yes, sir And you know Jalen Hurst is gonna deliver this pass and I'm just gonna get around you No way am I gonna go for touchdown Big truck Henry don't I have to reverse these Derek Henry at this point. He has loaded up the left side He's expecting the stretch. Look at how unbelievably wide open this is This has got to be He ran commit, but it's Derek Henry buddy. This Derek Henry is as good as the Bo Jackson from three years ago I might have to send this guy the dialed in merch for free despite the fact that he's not dialed in Holy shit, he broke through Jalen Ramsey. Just like that. He's got points I would just like to say it's never supposed to be this easy to do the challenge.  Let's see if Derek Henry's open for one final time And I am actually gonna double team the side here. I would love some time Oh sketchy just kidding. Why am I saying sketchy? That's such a loo.  I actually feel bad. He's 32 to 7. Have I ever scored this many points? I'm on pace for 64. This is a Super Bowl High dig is not there Who just caught that in joku's having the day of his life.  That's actually so sad the first time he has a shot It goes nowhere. He's pulled his linebacker out of there too.  See if we can dial this up There goes Henry I think he's gonna get it does he see it does he see it? He does not and if he does he's too late Oh go through him I'm only mad about that because it puts Jalen Hertz cubi rating down I dare you to throw this bro He just user playmaker'd a half back slip screen. I've never seen that my whole life I just blitzed just about everybody, but we've got him tackled. You'll get him Oh Nice play. I'm gonna go double cubi spies here Just so that middle's locked up even if I'm not there and that should be that was an insane stroke of luck However, doesn't really change the title Let's see if he floats to it. He's too late if he's gonna stop and go I'm recording a banger wheel of mud right now. It's gonna be a super heater Very nice. Bye wheel of mud dub cheek clap. Whoa. That'll be a good day, baby geek zone bubble. Do you smell it? Guaranteed 40 now. All right, let's see if Henry does this man in the middle Uh Actually, are you gonna go to the end zone?  Hopefully he sees this video and then goes and uh understands that I have to get fantasy Also, I have a forward from four on two points Oh no, Beckham juniors got it. He's got a bit of a brown steam team. I just realized in joku. Odell. What a game 40 to 26. Hey shout out. Hey, thanks. Thanks for watching bro. You're stunned. I love you Also, thank you for the easiest double my life. You're so bad. It's a I'm just getting your eyes and living so free Dude, let's look at the game stats Jalen hurts does outperform vince young vince young had a bomb free touchdown there at the end And jalen hurts had an int because that was only throwing to derrick henry Still had an amazing game free touchdowns won an interception because he's jalen hurts, baby zeke was seven for 19 But the king king henry five for 39 average 7.8 per k and receiving that doesn't get you horny Dude, just don't talk to me. I think I think I got 40 points straight off receiving I don't even need the rushing touchdown or the two-point conversions Let's tally it up 11 points for 11 receptions 21 points for 211 yards.  That is a 50 bomb in fantasy So 50 plus four points for the yards here is 54 plus a touchdown is 60 plus four two-point conversions is 68 68 fantasy points out of derrick henry one second I think we might have just beaten nfl record number one is jerry rice on the 49ers. He dropped 52 In one game and we just dropped 60 So for completing our challenge, we get one of any pack that we choose in the store before I was going for vets But that's because I was trying to get matt prater heavyweights. There is a right tackle rob havenstein He is the best pull from heavyweight. So it'd be really rare.  Good chance at getting an old lineman. I want a right tackle. What are the odds, baby? What are the odds?  Oh my god a moment I got montez sweat again. There was a point in time where I could have bought montez sweat instead of clowny We really needed a right tackle right there. It's all good. We're playing amazing We have two more wheel spins in the next episode just to get right tackle And honestly, I need a right tackle. That's just for shits and gigs. So I got nothing to complain about Awesome game locked in another w jalen hurts continues to be for back of the year I might have to prestige him next game is the conference championship nfcfc call whatever you want But it will be a banger just like this was 13 to 8 in our first one 40 to 26 in our divisional. All right boys I love you. Thanks much as always. I will see you in the next episode. Peace out


Good morning everybody. Today, IOM marks International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, an occasion that reminds all of us of the need to fight against racism and racial discrimination. At IOM, with more than 20,000 personnel working in close to 600 locations worldwide and coming from 177 nationalities, we value and invite diversity into our workforce. As you know, it's an organisational strength and makes us qualified to deal with a complex issue of migration. Our aim is to foster an inclusive workplace where everyone treats each other with dignity and respect and where everyone's voice is heard and taken into account. At IOM, we welcome applications from qualified professionals, irrespective of their race and skin colour and our policies encourage a workplace free from discrimination and away from any form of harassment. We are constantly seeking to improve our policies and practices to be at the forefront of workplace diversity and inclusion standards in line with the human rights principles. This includes the five-year race equity strategy that is currently being discussed by the Internal Race Equity Working Group. In marking the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, I would like to emphasise that racial discriminations threatens all pillars of society, undermining decades-long efforts towards greater equality within and between communities and erodes the Sustainable Development Goals' central promise to leave no one behind. Anti-racism means actively identifying and opposing racism and racial discrimination. I call on all of us to raise our voices against policies, practices and behaviours which exclude others. Thank you.


What did Elijah mean when he said, Did not in my heart go when confronting Gahazi? This is in 2 Kings. This is when Gahazi did something. He decided to, you know, it's time for me to go get male, well, actually he didn't go out and get man service and male, female service and so forth, but he wanted some money for what the man of God did. This is where Naaman comes to Elijah because the king of Syria sent him there. And because his servant girl said that, if only my master knew that there was a prophet in Israel. I mean, there was someone there speaking on behalf of God. And the point of saying that was, by the way, the point of pointing out that there was a prophet in Israel is the point that there was a God of Israel. That was her point. And that's what the point, that's what the statement means. And so he goes to him and he gets dipped or he dips himself seven times in the river. He says, we should have, the man wanted to pay him and he didn't want to accept any payment. And so Gahazi was like, wait a second, we should get something. I mean, my Lord. And the story goes this way. Gahazi makes a statement that Elijah doesn't make. Elisha, people say, are you saying Elijah? I'm saying Elisha with the SH. Elisha makes a statement and Gahazi makes a statement. And their statement is different. Their statements are different. Elisha says that I will not get anything from this man as the Lord lives whom I serve. Gahazi says something similar also. He says, as the Lord lives, I will go after him and get something. Well, notice the difference in the two. I'm not going to put the passage up because it'd be, we'd be here forever and I might want to preach this thing. The difference is one says the Lord as the Lord lives, the other one says, as the Lord lives, Elisha, whom I serve. One invokes God's name. The other one is living by it. And that's the point. We have a lot of that happening nowadays. And we have a lot of people who will invoke God's name but aren't covered by his name, aren't living by his name. This is what the Bible means by taking the Lord's name in vain. There are a lot of people who will take his name but do so in vain. I'm a Christian. I've got a cross. Look at my bright, shiny cross. I've got the biggest Bible. I've got all the Bible apps. I've got logos. I've got accordance. I've got every sort of Bible software there is. All of that, but you're not actually a believer. And so this is what the problem was with Gahazi. Now maybe he was a believer and I think that he ended up becoming a believer if he wasn't at the time. But Gahazi goes out now, he makes a plan. He divides the plan. He lies. He lies on himself and lies on the Lord and goes and steal. And Elisha says, is it time for us to get male servants and maid servants and gold and silver and all the different things.  Today is gold. Tomorrow it's silver. Tomorrow it's gold, silver and clothes. The next day is this, it's that. People can see you starting here but in five years, 10 years they see you in jail. They see you in prison or they see you in hospital or they see you dead.  I knew you. I knew what you're gonna do. Well, I know you. So this statement did not my heart go with you. It can be taken two ways. One, that he knows the house so well. I mean, remember this is his servant. They're with each other all the time. He has seen all these different miracles that has happened with him. And so Elijah has also seen him. They are together all of the time. This is, if there's any other servant there we don't know because this is the one that he talks about. And so because of his greed and his sin he's punished. But then he ends up getting restored because he passed a test.  I am so sorry.  If you don't know that by now, let me tell you, let me help you out. Ladies and gentlemen, gentlemen and ladies, boys and girls of all ages, you are in a test.  You may even be in school. And while you're in school, a couple of things are gonna happen. You're gonna be given some information. While you're given that information the teacher that's given that information to you expects you to retain that information and to be able to use that information at the appropriate time. When the appropriate time comes up, we call that a test. When the test is given, the teacher is going to be silent. Just like in life, tests show up and you might wonder why. God, you seem pretty silent. Why? Because it might be a test. Teacher, teacher, teacher, nope. It's not time to ask for the answers now. You should have been asking for the answers or asking questions when the information was given out. But because you did not want to heat it at that point in time, we're gonna see if you're ready for the test. And it would behoove you to be ready for the test because once the test is given, you are going to be graded and there's going to be repercussions. You either will pass the test and go to the next level, be advanced or you will flunk. And there might be consequences. The problem is though, you don't know when the retest is gonna happen. There will be a retest. The problem is the retest might not be for another week. It might not be for another year. It might not be for another decade. You never know. You will take it. However, God has plenty of time to retake, re-give you the test or give you the test again. But it might be frustrating. You'd have to wait through that. So it behoove you to pay attention, to study and be prepared to take the test. Amen.


Oh, time to get up, get going, gotta get my socks and shoes on. Wait a minute, what's up with the sock? Chili wheelie is today a holiday. I forgot because I use NextCloud. My calendar doesn't show any holidays. Let's fix that. Okay, here we are in my NextCloud instance looking at my calendar and I have no holidays and I don't wanna go put them all in myself. That would be crazy. So let's go ahead and do a Google search. What are we gonna suit Google search for? We'll need to find a calendar that has holidays on it. And if you search Thunderbird holiday calendars, the first link here should be holiday calendars for Thunderbird, which is another open source application similar to Outlook. But in here, they have some calendars for you to link to. I'm gonna click you to go down to United States for myself, USA right here. And this links to an ICS file, which is a universal calendar standard format. If we were to download that and look at it, it would look something like this. It's plain text, almost any calendar application you're gonna use is going to support this format, both for importing and probably exporting as well. Although there are other standards out there, this one is, well, universal, you know, it's what it's for. There's some notes in here by the guy who created it and as you can see, you could read through it. So we have an event, so the beginning of an event. Each event's gonna have its own ID. Last time was modified, so if it's trying to sync it, it knows which one is the most current. The start date of the event, the end date of the event, the summary at the description of the class, a timestamp category, and then you also have these repeating rules, how frequent, well, every year, second month, you know, count 10 times, because this particular calendar is from 2020 to 2030, but if they ever wanna change or update it, all they have to do is change this link since they're going to link to it on their site. I could download it and import it into my next class instance, but linking to it will allow them to update it as well, which just depends on your preference. We go all the way down here to the end of the year. We'll see, for another example, Christmas Day, right? So, a holiday, and again, it happens every year on the 12th month, on the 25th day, and it will do it 10 times. So, how do we use this in our next cloud instance? Again, we could download it and upload it so I can save it to my system and then upload it to my next cloud instance, but I'm just gonna link to it. So, I'm gonna, again, find it here. I'm gonna right-click, say, copy link address. Then I'm gonna go back to my next cloud instance. I'm gonna say new calendar. I'm gonna press the little plus button. New subscription from link, read only. You're not gonna be able to edit this calendar because, you know, it's a public calendar. You're just linking to it. You're gonna read from it. Of course, you can make copies of the events and modify those, but right now, we're just gonna be linking. I'm gonna click that. And right in here, this little box, I'm going to paste that URL to that ICS file and I'll click this arrow and we'll give it a moment. And there we go. We now have calendars in there.  And we can also give it its own color. Maybe, you know, something festive like a red. Great. And now I have holidays on my next cloud calendar. Again, super simple. And again, these ICS files, there's other formats, but this is one of the most common formats you'll see. It's easy to read even in plain text. Even if you didn't have a piece of software to display it as a calendar, you can know what that file and read what it says. It's very easy to use. Lots of places use this format. You can link to them and use them in your calendar. So it's not just for holidays where I work one of the calendars because we use multiple different calendar platforms for our calendars that work, but at least one of them supports ICS so I can link to it and put it in my own personal calendar so I don't have to go multiple places. So I hope you found this useful. Merry Christmas and thanks for watching. Visit FilmsByChris.com. That's Chris the K. There's a link in the description. Be sure to go there to check out my page. Search through my videos. There's a support section which I would appreciate you visiting. And I hope that you have Merry Christmas and a happy new year. Cheely Willy says, Merry Christmas. Grrr.


Hello, this is Griffin Bass with you on GoMustangSports.com. I'm here with Stevenson Men's soccer head coach, Graham Miller, after Stevenson's 0-0 tie with Shenandoah. Coach of physical game, played by both sides. But I'm sure you wanted to W, but you remain unbeaten here on the Bermuda. What kind of things can you take away from a physical game like that? Well, I think after having a physical game in a battle on Sunday, we only had one practice to prepare for this game. So that's a testament to these guys to have a clean sheet. I thought Shenandoah had a lot of power and pace up top. I thought second half, we actually did a lot better than the first half. We can nullify their nine, who's just the first class striker. But I thought our defense, our goalkeeper, BP is the sixth. I thought tonight was a real step in the right direction. Hopefully we can keep it going because we changed formation during the game. And I thought we did some things that will hopefully help us going forward. That's nice. Plenty of offense. You were part of the plan coming in, push the pace in this one. Yeah, well, I think like in some games, we're not going to have a whole lot of possession. Some games, we're going to be the team that's less possession than the other. And as part of our game plan, and yes, our game plan was, all right, when we get the ball, let's see if we can counterattack quickly. We've got some speed ourselves. And I think you saw that. We created some chances. And it could have went either way in the end. And I think a draw, to be honest, is probably a fair result. And we'll move forward. Never a doubt that Nolan was going to save that PK there at the end of the first half, right? Never a doubt. I was like Luke and Adam. I'm thinking, that's a big boy. If he can save that, he's walking home tonight. But he did a great save. Thanks a lot, Coach. Good luck this weekend. I appreciate it.


This is Think Tech Hawaii, the community matters here. We're back. We're live. It's the five o'clock rock with Haruko Moma. Can I get that right? Yes, it's perfect, Jay. All right. Okay. And she's here to speak in a conference about Old English. And is this the one right here, this conference over here? Yes, that's me. I just gave this paper. I just gave this paper. She's from the University of Toronto now, but there's other schools we'll talk about. And the paper was entitled Later, Efric. Efric is a person's... Alfred. Alfred. Yes, very good. Alfred. You can be an Anglo-Saxonist, Jay. You're going to teach me a lot here. The John Collins Pope papers and the task of the translator. So we are talking, when you talk like that, you're talking about translating like a foreign language into the modern... That's the idea. Old English is so different from modern English. So let me get a handle on all this. I think this is going to be interesting to see who you are. Okay. You are the chief editor of the Dictionary of Old English at the University of Toronto in Canada, which is a great city. We'll talk about that. Yeah, it's great. Come visit me in Canada. Yeah, it's cold, though. It's now warm. Yeah. So now he's a good dog. Do you like Trudeau? He's so good looking. Good answer. Yes. And she is the Angus Cameron Professor of Old English Language and Literature and Professor of Medieval Studies and English. And she is a Japanese Anglo-Saxonist, so to say. That's right. Yes, you gave me my new title. I'm a jazz. Okay. And before she arrived in Toronto, which was only recently. A month ago. She taught at New York University, my school, for 25 years. And I went to the law school there. I went to the law school twice. It's not that I had to go twice. You chose to go twice. I chose to go twice for a law degree and then a master's in law degree. Oh, my gosh. Yeah. It helps me understand Old English. Yes, absolutely. At NYU Law School, it's a really good place. If you haven't noticed, she is originally from Japan. And she started studying at Hokkaido University. And then the big break, she got a scholarship to study at the University of Toronto. And it all, the rest is history, so to say. Absolutely. In fact, it's all history, isn't it? Yes. Old English is a 1,000-year-old language. So the other thing I wanted to mention in introducing you is that Caroline Lee gave me a copy of a speech. Is this the speech you gave? No, this is a speech you gave on June 20th. Yeah. For the St. George's Society. In Toronto. And I have members of my family who speak a lot. Yes. All over. And they always write it out like this in advance. Well, you see, I knew. And I was nervous, Jay, so I needed something to hang on to. Yeah. But it was fun. People liked it. People loved it. Where was that, the St. George's Society? Well, we had a, the President's Donner meeting. And one of the members has a beautiful house and gardens in, I think it's in North York. And, you know, having lived in Manhattan for 25 years, it was like a palace, huge. And a lot of people there, members of the society. And I talked about Old English. Well, that's the thing.  And so you have to write it out. And I was reading this and I was saying, gee, this is really well written. The language flows. This was written by somebody for whom language must flow. Am I right? Do you see language differently than most human beings who walk on the street? That's a really good question. But I think when I'm myself, then language flows. And this was really about my experience, how I became interested in Old English in Japan and how I crossed the Pacific Ocean to... And a great language divide. That's right. And so it just flew naturally for me. Yeah. And I love to... What got you started in such a voyage, a journey? That's a really good question. Because I was just an ordinary English major in Japan. Yeah. Of which there are many. There are many. Of course, everyone loves to study English in Japan. Yes. And I was one of them. Yes. But I think my thing is that I like history. I like old things. So for me, the first Old English was Shakespeare. Hamlet or Hamlet of War. You say that with such loving tones. Yes. Who doesn't love Shakespeare? Pull me a piece. No, I'm too shy. And I can quote from Old English. Okay, I want that. Should I? Yes. Well, it doesn't sound like anything we know. But if it's okay, Beowulf. It's the beginning part of Beowulf. Now translate this for me. What does it mean? Yes. I'd like to know. It's about the poet. The idea is this oral culture, at least the idea. And everyone is having a good time at the banquet, drinking beer. And here is this court poet coming in to sing a song about the hero Beowulf.  And in order to say, listen up, I'm here. What? You know, like the rap music. What? Right? So listen, right? We, you and I all know about the old glory of the Danes. Actually, the poem is not about the Anglo-Saxons or English people. They're all about the Scandinavians. And we know all these princes and heroes re-achieved great deeds. So don't we all know about these amazing people? So let's talk about them. So it's a really good way to be together, sharing the same culture. And I think that's why I love old English. It takes you there. Absolutely. It takes you a thousand years back. Absolutely. And you're living there. Just say, what? And then you go, yes, we are there. Right? Yes, we are there with the heroes and the queen. Yeah. Yeah. It's not fiction. It's real. Well, in the sense that, you know, there are some historical figures or legendary figures. So I'm very sure in olden days when this tradition really emerged, they must have been thinking about their ancestor or some superhero. It's really like superheroes, you know, today. That's part of the species, isn't it? We need heroes. We do. The leadership for who knows what to admire, to aspire. Yeah, absolutely right. And Beowulf was one of them. So who is Beowulf? That's a really good question. You know, I have my idea of Beowulf.  You have a beard? Probably. Is hair long? You know, that's an interesting thing.  Beowulf doesn't tell you about this. It's not about how people looked, but what they did. So Beowulf saved the Danes by fighting with this cannibalistic monster, Grendel. That's what kind of monster is Grendel. Can we see it on late night TV? Well, you said you watched some, you know... I see some other things. Yeah, well, he is a cannibal. But what's really interesting... Grendel? Yeah. Grendel. Grendel. Yeah, Grendel. Yeah. He's a cannibal. Yeah, but he... Are they cannibals in Europe? Well, that's a really good question. Only in the fiction, yeah. Well, but you know, he is a descendant of Cain. So he is biblical. Cain? Cain, like Cain on Abel. Yes, yes. So he is a... Is this identified in Beowulf? Is it telling us? It's in the point. Because you see... The Bible, there's references and biblical references. Absolutely. You got it right. Because Beowulf is about this heroic age. Everyone is pagan. They don't know Christ, but the poet knows better. So he sees this world. Oh, it's a glorious world, but they were pagans. Oh, isn't this sad? But they had their glory. And even a pagan hero can fight with a Cain's descendant and have a true victory. And then he becomes a king. So I think that's why Beowulf is so appealing. Yeah, well, even if it's fiction, even if it... Because I'm not satisfied with fiction. I think it may be rooted in many ways in reality at the time. It teaches you so much about the way of thinking. Yes. The way of dealing with language, expressing yourself a thousand years ago. We don't know that from the movies. They don't really tell us. Oh. In fact, even the history books don't really tell us. You have to put flesh on those bones. The way you do it is through the poetry, no? Absolutely. So you see, there are stereotypes. If you have muscle, you don't have as much thinking in here. But Beowulf was powerful and smart at the same time. That's why I admire Beowulf. So he gives amazing speeches. He has this speech match with someone who challenges him. A speech match. Like a debate. Yeah, debate. Like, oh, you were that Beowulf. Didn't you lose that fight when you were young? And how dare? They're ranking each other. Yeah, but then he defeats his opponent by saying, well, you're right, Mr. Unfelth. I see your point. But this is a true story.  I would never do that. So he is a winner through and through. It sounds like early political is what it does. Absolutely. Yeah, yeah. So the old English speakers and the Anglo-Saxons, they loved language, their language, their words, new words, interesting words like kennings. Have you heard of kennings? Kennings. Yeah. Okay, so, okay, here's a riddle. There is a word at the beginning of Beowulf, whale road. Railroad. No, not railroad. Close. Whale. Right. Whale like the creature in the ocean. So what does whale road together do you think means? It's a metaphor called a kenning. Well, so just imagine a whale driving the road. A whale road. Whale road. Rail. That's bad. Whale road. So the fish road. Fish road. Yeah, fish road. So it's the ocean. Yeah. Or this is easier. Okay. Heaven's candle. Heaven's candle. Yeah. What's that? There's a candle in the sky. Yes. It's the moon. The sun. The sun. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. So those are called kennings. They really loved these world plays. Oh, did you get what I just said?  Oh, you got it right, you know. And that's how they communicated. They loved beautiful points. And metaphors and beautiful points. But the language was different. And it seems to me that, you know, as all things were provincial and local in those days and localities had, you know, different styles, different cultures, different ways of speaking, you could take the same subject matter from this place and articulate it in as close a way as possible in that place. But it was in different language because the words, the pronunciation was different. You're right. Yeah. So, you know, if you really want to know, I'm a philologist, Jay.  Words. It's all about words. I love words. Well, so, yeah, yeah. Close, you know. We love words. We collect words. The Anglo-Saxons talked about word, horde in our chest.  You let all these words come out, right? So, you know, and a philologist talked about dialects in Anglo-Saxon England, early West Saxon, Mercy and Northumbrian. I'm not going to bore you, but yes, they had so many different ways. You couldn't bore me. You sure? Okay.  Kazaum? Kazaum really means cheese in late Latin and how kazaum went through a number of sound changes to eventually become cheese. So, a philologist used to do such goofy things. I'm one of those goofy people. And dialects, they're all different. But what's really interesting is that they seem to have understood poetic words, you know, maybe they remembered from the past. Yes, they sound a little bit archaic, but if you love poetry, you know what these words are. Poetry ultimately sounds. That's right. And then when I grew up in New York, we had an expression that sounds a lot like what you were talking about earlier. Oh, what is it? It was this. You meet somebody in the street. You haven't seen them in six months. You get very close to them.  Yes. And you say, What? No, no, I didn't do that right. What? What? What? What? What? What? We can take a break now. We'll be right back. My name is Steven Phillip Katz. I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist. And I'm the host of Shrink Rap Hawaii, where I talk to other shrinks. Did you ever want to get your head shrunk? Well, this is the best place to come to pick one. I've been doing this. We must have 60 shows with a whole bunch of shrinks that you can look at. I'm here on Tuesdays at 3 o'clock every other Tuesday. I hope you are too. Aloha. We're back. I told you we're coming back. Haruko Moma. And she's a professor of what? Of old English history, studies, poetry, what not, Bear Wolf and all those things back a thousand years ago. Yes, all of those things into one. That's me. Into one, yes. And she's dedicated her professional career to that. And you can see that she's dedicated in general to that as a person, as a human being person. And so... Take me. I am old English. Yes, exactly. And to a degree, you know, you can't be as good about that if you don't actually live in Old England. Oh yes, yes. Walk down the street and see the references and hear the callings and hear the poetry and everything. And I suppose when somebody tells you in the story, you know, that'll be a dollar and a half for the newspaper, you say, gee, I wonder what sounds there are sounds that emanated in Old English? Well, maybe. Okay, I can give you like an interesting example.  Like you would observe the, you know, the, you know, whatever culture that he was studying. And he got a little bit embarrassed. No, I'm not observing you. And then I said, well, but you see, whenever I see the world, I read the world as I would read an Old English text. I'm reading UJ as I would read Beowulf. Well, you know what you do when you talk that way is you're looking at me, not as I am today, but the accumulation of layers and generations, 20, 30, 50 generations, whatever it is, to take me back to that time. I am not who I seem to be. I am the legacy of that. I'm the current iteration of what was going on back in the time you're studying. Well, it's more like through you. You know, Jay, you're amazing and you're great.  And philosophers can really see, you know, look at you and somehow we understand what's inside you. And I think that I just read the world. Do you have trouble sometimes, you know, getting current? Yeah. For example, you know, high tech. I mean, 140 characters, I think they expanded that. 140 characters on Twitter. I mean, for example, what the president, your president and mine, I suppose, Donald Trump, you know, what he says in 140 characters, it may not be of the same quality of poetry as you may be studying. That is kind of true, but I think, you know, one word can tell us so much, 140. But I should like to point out that, you know, I'm now the editor of the dictionary of Old English. Yes. And this is a state-of-the-art lexicon. You know, it's all digitized. And okay, I don't do it. Our systems analysts can do these things. But so this is really a medievalist, Jay. That's a great honor. This is not a small thing. You're the editor of the dictionary of Old English. And how thick? Well, you see, it's so big because there are three million word occurrences in Old English. You cannot print that out. That's why everything is digitized. Ah, so it's not a book. Well, it's a digital book. It's got a corpus of everything we have from the Old English period has been digitized. And what we are doing right now, you know, what we editors are doing right now is to look at this corpus, checking each and every example, be that the word love, louvue, or I don't know, bishop, bishop, whatever word. We examine everything. And that's possible because of this latest technology. So we do both. Is it pronouncing? Is it a pronouncing dictionary? We should do that, shouldn't we? Yeah, that's the next page. So, but where do you start and where do you end? For example, you say, well, 1066. What was 1066? It was important to hear. That was the Norman Invasion of England. So stop there. That was, you know, September, 1066. That's it. You remember the date of the battle pastings? Well, that's what people used to say. Old English period ends, you know, in 1066. But we have a different view now because, you see, political change does not always, you know, mean. You know, 1066 people stopped talking Old English. Now we are speaking Middle English. It doesn't work that way. That's your next project. No, so it just went on. So actually the Old English Corpus I was telling you about, it really goes all the way to the 13th century. Sometimes they wrote down Old English writings, like sermons and homilies. They're really, really good and possessive. It was before the printing press. Yeah, so everything had to be done. Everything by hand on parchment. Yeah, yeah. So, you know, Old English really is longer and more, longer lasting. Is it more beautiful than today's language? Well, I'm biased, so don't ask me, J. I think I know the answer. Yeah, I don't want to, you know. Well, let's assume it is. Why is it more beautiful? That's a really good question. You see, this is really about love.  And I thought I liked the English language, but I liked Old English better than Modern English. Why? Now, you said before, I was about history. Well, it's just a way... It was like the intersection of history and language. No, that's what you said. It's just the way it sounded. Yes, I loved Bear Wolf when my Old English was good enough to be able to read Bear Wolf. You wrote your masters on Bear Wolf. Yeah, but even, you know, I wrote my... You have great memory, J. You're amazing. I wrote my honors thesis on the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Okay. But it doesn't matter if it's in a biblical translation or a medical recipe or anything. It's just a language. It's so powerful. Yeah. Was it more powerful? Yeah. The thing about it is poetry, in my view, is always more powerful than street language. You know, the language of commerce, trade, daily life. Poetry is, by definition, inherent in the notion of poetry is, yeah, we thought about it. We thought about whether we are saying exactly what we want to say. Yeah, yeah. And whether the music of it is there, it has to have music. Yeah, absolutely. Language and music, yeah? Yeah.  Yeah. And you're right. You know, I could never say it myself, but now that you expressed it in verse, now that was exactly what I was going to say. That's poetry, right? Yeah.  So it's just, you know, they're language. It's the ancestor of the English language.  It just goes back to that period. Yeah, well, right, it has roots. Yeah, yeah. It has roots. Absolutely. And I guess, you know, part of this bias you're talking about is if you listen to English today, it has deteriorated some of these things. The notion of poetry, the notion of music. Yeah. It's not the same as it was, say, a thousand years ago. Right. Especially when, you know, I wanted to, I wanted to get you to read. Which one? There's one thing in your paper there. Yes. I mean, you can find it faster than me. It's in italics here. Uh-huh. And it is so beautiful, but I don't understand it at all. Ah, here. Well, yes. Okay. This is from Geoffrey, Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. And that qualifies for old English, right? It's kind of late, but it's still like true English. What year, roughly? He was from the 14th century. 14th century. That's why that's way after 1066. Middle English guy. Middle English. But his language is also really beautiful. Okay. I can't pronounce it, but maybe you can. And then you can... Oh, Jay, you can try it. I won't make it sound like poetry. Well, I don't know. You will work it. Okay, there it is. Yeah. Can you make the poetry for our sound system? For Iman. So people can... Well, I'm an old English person, but I can try. Okay. So it's the beginning of the Canterbury Tales, right? The general prologue. And it's really about, you know, when, you know, April kind of, you know, with its sweet shower has pierced the dryness of March to its roots. So that's what it means. But it's poetry. So... So March is dry. March is dry. The shower is the rain. Yeah, April is the shower month. And then all the flowers come out in May. Then... It's beautiful. Then people want to go on the pilgrimage to go to Canterbury. Hence the Canterbury Tales? That's right. So it's really about people going on their pilgrimages and the people telling stories.  Too much you can't. It would be better than what I could do. Well, that April, with his sure sote, the druhk of March has pierced Todorote. Does that sound like poetry to you? It does. Oh, good. It does. Yeah. But when everyone in, say, the year of 1400, would everyone understand that? Or would you have to explain that in some other context to make the average person understand that? Well, that's probably... This is for a more sophisticated audience, but we have to remember that in the Middle Ages, the learned people were supposed to know Latin. That means English was a vernacular language, not that prestigious. And what was amazing was that these poets, Chaucer, the Anonymous Bill of Poets, proved that, yes, Latin is the language of knowledge, you know, closer to salvation or something, but our humble vernacular language can move us. It can be really beautiful. So it's supposed to be for everyone, but everyone who speaks language of their own, but also who is mindful of the beauty of that language. So I think that's why Chaucer and the Bill of Poets were so great. Ah. Yeah. And did that guy aren't gimbled in the wave? Javawaki. Javawaki. Yeah, but Louis Carroll really made fun of Anglo-Saxons, but I think he really appreciated the culture as well. And Shakespeare. Yeah. Shakespeare is lots of the old English in Shakespeare, isn't it? Absolutely, because, you know, we say that Shakespeare really had the greatest vocabulary ever, at least in his generation, but even then more than 90% of the words he used really came from the old English period. Are you rooted in what people knew coming up through the generations? Absolutely. So I guess, you know, we were almost out of time. Oh, I could keep going. I'm so sorry we could do this all day. Yeah, yeah. We only began to explore it. Yeah. And I really appreciated your reading, but I have to ask you this question. Sure. Come the end. Okay. You're looking naughty, though. You're right. You're in my mind. It's a naughty question. Okay. So you studied this all your academic life. Yes. And you love it beyond description. I can tell. They can all tell. Yes. But they haven't studied it. They don't know anything about Beowulf these days. Or Chaucer, okay? Well... Maybe some do. Yeah, games totally like Beowulf. Beowulf left behind, you know. Oh, okay. They left this kind behind. So my question to you is... Well, okay. All the people out there who are listening today will listen tomorrow and the day after. Uh-huh. Why should they care about this? Yes, camera one. Can you tell them why? Well, A, it's really... Actually, it's the language you're speaking. And it's the powerful language. And if you know the past, you know the present. It's a really beautiful language. Poetry is wonderful. Well, give it a try. I'm very sure you love it. Because without the past, we are not complete. If you love the past, you respect people around you. I can't explain this. But it makes you a wiser, better, more insightful person. But if you doubt that, let me know. I can teach you how to read old English. And, you know, just let me know. I think I am right. Karuko Momo, it's been wonderful to talk to you. So wonderful to see you today. And I only have one other word to say. Oh, yes. What? What? What?