Hello and welcome everybody to the lightning talks and really important announcement before There is gonna be after the lightning talks.  So don't run away. Just go to the party We will start with Julia who is presenting prototype fund support for your first project give her a big applause Hi When I had an idea for a project three years ago, I needed a couple of things to bring it to life and I'm sure you're facing similar issues regardless of what kind of project you are working on and The beginning is a bit depressing, but be with me So you start clueless and you have a lot of questions So what you need is good advice of people who have experience in the field who run similar projects Who can give you advice on what to do and what not to do because you don't want to reinvent the wheel and you Don't want to run into the same hurdles as others did before you want to learn from people's mistakes So you end up writing endless amounts of emails have phone calls with people who point you into the right direction Or maybe sometimes not who share their contacts with you or maybe sometimes not So if you had mentors at hand before starting things would be a lot better and easier So you go out on your own and you have a lot of trial and error You build something you build a prototype then you have the prototype you need feedback You need supporters. You need allies. You need people to tell you whether your ideas any good You need a network to get the word out To find the right people and communities can take a lot of time. You spend hours researching online International projects that are doing similar stuff. You are reading through forums And you're trying to get hold of networks Not everyone is already in a network like the people here in the room.  So basic funding is essential Funding is often the hardest part. You have the concept paper ready You sometimes even have a running prototype you've managed to get a lot of advice But in order to take the final leap you have to secure a little bit of money Getting money for your project often involves lots of bureaucracy paperwork time Especially if you're trying to stay independent if you're trying to get funding from public institutions rather than companies Wouldn't it be great to pitch your idea and to get a grant to build the first prototype or to build a new module for your project? All the things that just Described are part of the pre-project phase So you spend endless hours writing emails and preparing everything before you actually work on your idea So all these like things that I just described like happened before you start to work on a project before you write the first line of code sometimes things are moving really slowly it Takes you a lot of attempts to get a working prototype or To receive funding All of these things can kill your motivation Especially if you work on the project on the side Over the years I've met many people who are struggling with similar problems. So we decided to do something about it We started the prototype fund a program for open source prototypes for individuals with ideas or assumptions They want to test or projects. They want to develop further Over the next three years, we're going to give out 1.2 million euros to open source prototypes Each product project can apply for up to 30,000 euros in funding over six months The money comes from the federal ministry of education and research We streamlined their application processes so that people don't have to write 20 30 40 page proposals. All you have to do is you have to answer seven questions about your projects You get six months to work on your project and during this phase We offer you mentoring and get you in touch with people who are working on similar projects And we also coach you on user-centered design The network and the exchange of new know-how is equally important to us as the financial support So what are our focus areas the focus areas of the prototype fund are civic tech Building digital tools for citizens for social engagement increasing transparency citizen participation Data security is another focus area code that focuses on privacy security or the transmission of data or the minimization of data Another field is data literacy projects that help you to better analyze and use data and last but not least infrastructure projects the base layer for all the other projects and What are the terms and conditions to apply you have to be a chairman resident and you have to be self-employed and Of course, you have to publish your code under an open source license and make it publicly available The deadline for the first round is 30th of September. So you have 21 more days But no rush. There's three more rounds the next round is starting in February 2017 And you can apply on the prototype fund dot the e-website there you find FAQs and you can find us on Twitter under prototype fund and The prototype fund itself is a prototype as well. So please give us feedback ask us Questions that are not on the website so that we can put them up there and yeah, I'm looking forward to many applications I'm Julia Klob. I'm working for the open knowledge foundation our office is just around the corner We're an NGO working on open data civic tech transparency projects. So check it out. And I hope many of you apply. Thank you Thank you. Yeah next one is look about Sorry to say it in English, but I can't pronounce the French title the free software house and the code Give him a big applause You thank you No stress. I'm in front of a lot of people All right, so My name is new to do. I'm a mentor at I'm gonna say it once Which in English roughly translates to the free software house I'm not gonna use that because that sounds a little weird. I'm just gonna call it ml2 so I'm a PhD student at because the technology superior which is a university in the Montreal area and Processing and I also do a bit of lecturing in software engineering and information technology so ml2 is an initiative in the Montreal area to get students Involved and interested into the free software community. So it's been pointed out that And a lot of academic settings free software isn't as predominant as it should be And we're hoping that we can develop that and then this model can spread also to other universities. So that's why I'm presenting here So basically I want to get people going This is really new we started in January and we were trying it out with trying different recipes. So I've Found or I've decided on four objectives, which you might have seen somewhere else So basically we want students to run free software We want students to read and read and learn from free software and we want students to modify free software if Those modifications can be redistributed and then that would be great So what have we done so far for running free software on student computers? Well, we've started workshops We've asked students what free software to interested in learning and every time we talked to somebody get always came up So we started with introduction to get which is really your basic get class or get course that was offered over lunch hours, and then we moved on to more advanced if you want contributing to get which goes through the get flow and also Talks about pull requests and stuff like that. We've also made YouTube videos, which are in French For get tips and also command line, which was another thing that sadly some students don't know and when you get to Linux Knowing the camera and the command line is rather interesting or rather important To learn from free software, we've invited open source developers in the Montreal area So I open this invitation to you also if ever you're in the Montreal area for a convention or whatever And you want to come and give a talk? We'll set up everything for you so you can present to students we had Antony values bull which is a Chromium developer who came by and gave a talk on what's it like working in open source software for Companies like Google so that's getting student interested in understanding that you can have a career in free software something you guys probably already know and We had Philip Arto who came and talked about security and open-source software since he works for a security firm and Open-source software is and free software is predominant and security is also important for them So again the invitation is open if every year around and you want to come and give a talk to something You think would be inspiring to students and things like that. We're really interested We've also in terms of modifying free software we looked into doing workshops So we have two workshops at C and C++ edition and the Python Django edition So in this in these workshops what we do is we get students to come by again over lunch or after class and We get we help them out in installing software or downloading the source compiling the source making sure it works looking at the issue tracker finding interesting bugs and Contributing them upstream and then or committing them and then following through with the patch or the pull request route Process to get that accepted and again if you guys want to help out We are always looking for people on the other side of the on the project side if you want that can help us You know pointing us towards Issues and stuff like that that could be easy for students So when some students come to us and say I'm looking for something easy to do then if you guys can give us pointers We can say okay. Well, we've got this issue that could be interesting and easy for you to start We've focused on C and C++ and Python Django because those were the Subjects that interested students What we've done so far in that we've managed to get contributions upstream in many projects These two projects are interesting because in terms of Dalla. We had the exif people and was ill people over To we had Nathan and John Mark from Dalla who came by and we actually made us a coding session with them and with students We got three commit upstream during that session and we also had four more commits They went upstream following that Sattrapal Roulant is a Meals on wheels for people with disabilities It's a project run by Savoie-Flyny Nukes, which is a consulting firm in the Montreal area And basically that one's interesting because the students that came to the workshop actually managed to get internships At the company through the work they did there So we also see a potential for getting people placing people in free software projects or open source projects So we decided to push it one step further and we're doing the co-tributon, which is a contribution marathon Basically, we want to get a hundred student contributions to free software over the next semester. So that's pretty ambitious But to do that we've teamed up with some partners So we've got four sponsors which you can see here each sponsor is responsible for one of the different projects We've got chromium. We've got Libraphis. We've got ring which is For some of you who might not know it's kind of a Skype risk placement that uses free software And that's really cool. You should check it out and we have management which or mgmt, which is a management software by red app So each of the partners will sponsor us by allowing us to have access to developers from these projects We'll come at the the university and give two workshops similar to the ones I described before where They go with students. They help them develop. They help them Contribute and for the student that also helps them to see who's on the other side of the commit or who's on the other side of the bug request or the pull request sorry and we're also doing seminars on subject like careers and open source on Open source business model because sometimes it's hard to see that you can actually make money or you can make a company That'll make money So and these seminars are open to everybody also not just students The partner with our sponsors. We've been able to have free software starter kits so that includes lots of swag that includes usb bootable drives with I think there's four linux distro on that books about open source to help people understand the principles behind that And we also have a level base reward system So basically when you do your first contribution you get a t-shirt that says I contributed to free software And then later on we have like level five level 10 contribution with other interesting prizes with our partner Again to help people students get involved in contributing to free software So we're also looking for sponsors for the next iteration of this all the information is available on our website It's in french for now, but english is coming soon And again if you're interested in participating in things like that, I'd love to hear from you So don't hesitate come and see me at the party later. There's going to be free beer. All right. Thank you very much Thank you Luke. Next one is Martin about that. We're in Weyland So did you notice anything? Probably not but that's Weyland so the So last two presentations were already presented here on Weyland and unlike this The talk last year where I only started a quinn And run ocular in it It's a full plasma session running on Weyland Everything native except ocular because i'm using here district packages And I only have the cute four built which then means it's going through x-wayland But even then it works. I was able to move the window around. It just integrates as we expect And that means with plasma 5.8. I can say it's stable. It's usable to a certain degree and There might be workflows and features which are not yet supported like if you need to do screenshots You better stay on x11 if you never screenshot weyland is awesome So With that I can now say with plasma 5.8. We are entering the public better It's in a state where we can say yes, please try it um Now I want to talk a little bit about what we did over the last year And one of the largest and most important areas I worked on was the input stack, which was completely rewritten The code we had before was not capable of doing it The advantages are now that we have much better touchscreen support Which is usable for such nice convertible notebooks as I have here Uh, so we have now the first effects which actually make use of touch events We make sure that um on window decorations touch screens work and stuff like that um The complete code In the input stack which got rewritten is unit tested We are ensuring the security of the complete input stack Through unit test that means during tests We start quinn and then lock the screen and ensure that input events don't go to other windows Which you might open or do whatever so it's really testing everything from inside um all the window management functionality we have on x11 like um the alt f3 menu double clicking on window decoration that all works the same way on x11 We have new wonderful features coming to wayland Like for example modifier only shortcuts to open the plasma menu and thanks to the work we did on wayland We were able to backport that to x11. So in plasma 5.8. That's also supported on x11 now Thanks to wayland We have virtual keyboard integration With qt 5.7. Thanks to the re-license um the support for our live input devices improved a lot but that we have now touchpad gestures Which we can recognize we don't Send them around yet, but we have them and we have lots of configuration options and also map them to the existing tools Like if you configure your um mouse pointer in system settings um It will just be loaded by quinn the settings and apply it accordingly What's still missing on the input step is raycom tablet support, but that's also going to be addressed very soon In quinn itself the architecture changed a lot. Everything is now a platform. We have introduced a platform api similar to qpa Uh, it's interesting that something I talked about the last time the kde community was in berlin at the desktop summit I announced the plan to introduce a platform api back then in qt. It was still known as lightning lightning no, no lighthouse exactly and Yeah, we have that now for quinn we're very it's very easy to bring up quinn on a new platform and um We are also starting to move code from quinn core into the platform So everything which is absolutely x specific is now getting moved out of the normal quinn and moved into the platform Which means also on x11 a platform is now used um, the most important new platform which we added of the virtual platform And we also are able to start a valence server on x11 in an experimental branch So that would allow to bring valent vendors to an x11 session So you see the boundaries whether in win new is from x or from valent is um Going away inside the quinn code base. We are now doing everything through the platform api um Yeah, the virtual platform is really important to us because it allows us to start quinn during the autotest sessions And uh, every test case starts its own quinn. It's able to create valent windows It's a it's able to create x11 windows and we can now simulate everything if there's a bug report I am able to reproduce it in the Autotest we are also able to test our compositor's now, which was one thing which we were never able so we are able to render and then Compare the rendering result pixel by pixel against the expected renderings result And with that we have built up a test suite of quinn which now covers about 50 percent of the lines In truth, it's probably more because built kde.org is not yet able to test our open gl code And that are a few thousand lines of code which would go directly in the test coverage if we would be able to run that And of course anything which is platform specific cannot be tested in the autotest sessions Because it's well platform specific and below the virtual platform, but we use other Solutions they are like mocking We improved the support for valent applications We have now an kvalent integration repository and plasma workspace which provides additional valent integrations for a few frameworks Also, we started to add server side decorations for cute applications That's done through the plasma integration platform for gdk applications We started to implement the xdg shell protocol in the unstable version 5 And with that gdk applications mostly just work if they don't crash because they are missing something I wanted to use a rinse for the presentations who have valent application but that unfortunately didn't work And very important we have now clipboard synchronization between x11 and valent application So that makes the workflow really nice that you don't notice whether we are on x11 or valent everything just integrates for each other That brings me to xvalent xvalent is now looking really good Not everything is perfect there are a few bugs you saw it during the first presentation I had to actively click into the application That was firefox And it depends a lot on which version you are running I'm using here a stable system xvalent from packages, which is 182 If I would run 184 such problems would all be gone 1.19 which is not yet released is even better I'm very happy with the developers they are super responsive if you have issues And I'm very thankful to the gnome community which fixed many issues in the xvalent stack Now cute on valent unfortunately does not look that good yet We had heard it also in last gnolls talk On the desktop it's still Not there yet. You cannot really make use of it. We have still crashes if you use the wrong things We still have freezes in some areas We have a very interesting dialect for the subsurface protocol, which is not standard compliant and which we had to work around We have many very important desktop features still missing And so overall there's still lots of work needed You can see I reported all the bugs. I also fixed quite some bugs already so Yeah, but that's unfortunately A little bit of problem for us because we want to use cute applications on valent, of course And we can only work around certain aspects from our site And what's also interesting we started to remove x in quinn so many Code areas got moved into the platform plugin and with that we don't link certain libraries anymore But we still require xvalent to start so we still have code areas Which assume that there's an x server. That's something which might also change in the future And what's very important is that you test it It's now in a state that you can test it that you can run it just using for example neon Please try your applications and report issues Please try or everything you do if something doesn't work as you used I as you are used to it. Please report it We are it's very easy for us to fix the bugs. We just need to know that they exist and even if it's most Weird thing you see please report it because everybody helps us to find where something is wrong So and yeah, as I say it's very easy now for us to fix these bugs and to auto test them And on Monday, we have The plasma buff and valent is of course A very important topic for us and we will discuss there whether we switch the neon unstable def edition After plasma 5.8 to valent by default And that's it now I have it full screen here Oh, okay. Yeah So How many of you use windows? Where's my target audience? Well, I didn't raise my hand either but Okay, so every time you're on windows You don't have kate You're a bit sad Yeah, I don't know if you knew that uh, kate actually has a nice logo This bird is the kate logo. So Yeah So Kate on windows Kate was it the first version came sometimes 2001 and K developed started was it 1998 or 1999 somewhere and Nowadays they use the same kate part and around 2008 now I don't know this exactly but round about 2008 There was this kade on windows project or four windows and you could install a lot of Nice katie applications, but If you needed just kate You needed to install katie lives and a bunch of stuff and You needed about 400 megabytes of installed files and You had this installer That looked a little bit like this and there were a bunch of choices and you see there's Developer mode and user mode So it was a bit scary if If I wanted to have my colleagues install that They wouldn't really think about it. So then we got cute five and It's split into smaller modules and we got katie frameworks five and it was split into smaller modules And now everybody should be able to use katie frameworks five. So I thought How how hard can it be? So we had this leap of fate Event at work. We have 24 hours to do a project and try to finish it on time. So I said Well, I knew that it wouldn't probably Work, but I wanted to Make make a shot Emerge was The thing that they had used for katie for windows I tried it a little bit and Then I knew about cmake external projects and I thought that that's what I want to try Because I want to have full control of what I do What I need I felt a little bit Intimidated by all the all the scripts in emerge and all the environment variables that I didn't know why they were there So I wanted a little bit less magic But yeah, it failed but I continued at Academy and then I continued and Was it last year after cute world summit? We had this kate sprint and at that kate sprint. We got it working the first time kate running on windows with vanilla cute and yeah so at the kate k developed worlds of sprint We did this but it needed debuts and Didn't have all the icons and Then we continued. I continued at home and then at ronda. We pushed it really We got the icons rcc file We got spell checking support It's possible to translate gates, but we would need to have the translation files the The translations in separate packages because now we have to take all of the packages It's a big language package and it's a bit hard to take out just gates from that so That's the reason we don't have the translations today And we removed the need for debuts with cute single application So the things that we One of the things was this icon rcc so now it's in k icon themes so every application that uses k icon themes I can now use an icon rcc You just need to copy it to the right directory With the installer but but with that it should work and you should get a theme with that Spell checking Yeah, so sonnet was a little bit modified and To to be able to use spell checking also on windows and on mac uh now if you install the dictionaries to That location it will it will find it I'm using hun spell because that's the one that seems to be the latest LibreOffice is using it And I have you can see in in denser script where I download those Dictionaries Translations I use or Was the android project that used this lib intl light And it works I need to really get my patch upstreamed, but I've been lazy Uh, I had to patch it a bit so that it works more like Get text So shame on me for not pushing it upwards cute single application, that's What we used to replace the k single application on on On windows Yeah, you don't need dbus or kdbus anything so Yeah And that's now used on on On windows and mac So here are the build dependencies. We've got cmake visual studio 2015. We don't support I don't want to support 2013 anymore because it was breaking so easily cute 5.6 or greater jump That's not mandatory, but you can use it git And with the git you usually also get patch and pearl python Ansys of course for the installer and then you have to install a a special download dll and for frameworks 5.26 you also need flex and bison nowadays. So that's a new dependency Uh Yeah, and This is basically the command that I run to compile everything Once I have everything installed. This is the command line I use so The first one this one is for the acute for the visual studio settings This is i'm setting the paths to cute to git and to pearl Actually that line doesn't is not needed And for ansys and then I I just do the config json and then release type install prefix And then I need to give the pearl executable And as you see I have it in in the git and now also for flex and bison Uh And then just to say what frameworks 5 version you want what kate version you want and uh Then you just do the cmake build and that's screenshots from windows And that's actually the cmake externals files that I'm using Uh You can get it from My scratch repo it should be moved somewhere And why I used cmake externals, uh less hidden logic only one file one cmake file Uh and a new cmake so that's why I used it The only drawback is that when I have this cmake file Somebody else has another one and then you need to update your scripts for some You need to update some uh dependency Then everybody has to do it themselves. So it maybe won't scale that as much What next? Uh, there are some small bugs, but Yeah Yeah, thanks Thank you core And the last lightning talk before the party don't forget about the party Uh, we'll be kevin about uh, what's new in kdevelop 5 Give him a big applause So my name is kevin funk. I'm working on kd as you would have uh Guest and my main focus these days is on kd develop Um, as you might have seen on the planet kde. We've just released kdevelop 5.0. It's been a real So it took us literally Two years of really hard work to get it done all in our spare time So but that's out now and I'm going to just show you what's new with a few screenshots Yeah, I think about kdevelop. I think my audience here knows about kdevelop. So I don't need to Uh talk about it more, but it has started in 1998 and Yeah, we support many languages right now c++ python php Ruby nowadays qml.js. I'll show that later We have a pretty good debug integration gdb xdebug for php And now we also get lldb support. We just had that as a g-circ project Will that will probably come in 5.1 not it's not in 5.0 Yeah, and I think the killer feature of kdevelop is it's uh code navigation and code completion support That's where we're really strong. I think So what's new in 5.0? uh, first of all, uh, a really new fresh breeze, I guess I think kdevelop with the pre-style which is default in kde5 or k5 Uh, I think it really looks cool I have to say If you remember like in kde4 times it kind of looked I don't know old school, but with the pre-style it's uh, it's getting there That's just minimal configuration. So I removed a few Texts from the icons and I removed some a few widgets, but that's how it looks like Yeah, um What's our biggest change in 5.0? So the biggest change is of course we now use clang for c++ support In our history. We had a custom Pariser for c++ in our code base, which was like 50 000 lines of code Really hard to maintain really hard to extend So we ditched it and now just use the library backend for clang for parsing For parsing code As you know clang really has expressive diagnostics Fixed hints stuff like that. You all know that from the clang compiler command line Yeah, it's psd licensed highly highly active community Also really friendly to contributions, especially in the clang part Um, so we use that and it's really turning To be a real good at good addition, I think So I'll just show a few screenshots what we have in 5.0 So that's how the new assistants look like um So there's an error in source code And as soon as you uh hit the alt key you get a pop up like this It tell you it would tell you right away what's wrong. You don't even need to use mouse at all nowadays So just press alt here You get this pop up It will tell you how the code how we could fix the code And if you have the alt key pressed and press one It will just use the first solution to it and it will edit the code and fix that one up Nothing else needed I think that's pretty cool Yeah, we also added some help tags So people are way off that feature because I think people just I know you can use really cool stuff with k-develop just by using the alt key to try it out Yeah Code completion That's also something which has I think improved a lot with uh the the clang backend now So we're in the string length function parameter list We press a ctrl space bar and then we get like the the best matches which we could add To the function call here. So we have a list and the best match here would be the string Um Variable right here. You you notice it doesn't propose The int i variable because it knows it doesn't Pass the correct type. So you get the correct completion hints here Yeah, that's just another screenshot. Um, we also have completion for Things like switch case Code constructs. So you switch on an enum this one has a specific type And the completion will show you just the Possible combinations which fit into this type Right, it just shows a a a and bp and that's just what is in here. It doesn't show the other one So I think that's also pretty helpful um What's also new in a clang with kdevelop 5.0 is that we can now navigate macros So we define a macro you can actually hover it and press show uses and it will show you each of the uses of that macro in your source file That's pretty helpful as well. We had to remove the um the The pop-up where it showed the pre-processed contents of the macro. That's not something we have available in clang So yeah minor feature loss. I think that one is also quite cool. Maybe we'll get it back later um, also pretty interesting The kdevelop 4 only supported parsing c++ um, actually any c code you had in your project was passed as c++ But now with clang we can uh disambiguate here and we can pass just c or just c++ That's what it shows here. We have a cpp file. We use this code This won't work because class is a keyword in c++ But if we use it in the test.c file which has c extension This one works fine. It doesn't complain. It just complains. The variable is unused right now. That's it Pretty cool, right? um, yeah, that's just a Bit of experiment We have been doing so we also get a little bit of objective c support because clang supported It's a compiler from it for c c++ and objective c so we can use that that one as well But that's been just an experiment. We like implemented this in two hours or something So yeah something for the future Um help us. Yeah, we just had that on the initial screenshots um There are tons of useful things clang shows in the pop-ups um For example, very useful is the parsing of the doxical style comments Which you can see here. We have a function that deprecated has a parameter deprecated But the doxical style Comments doesn't fit it has param final, but there's no final so clang will complain And you can actually just fix it It will replace this line above in comments with the right variable That's pretty helpful. We already fixed tons of documentation issues in kdevelop due to that QMLJS support. Sorry. Yeah Yeah, I think you can do it clang tidy maybe Should be doable Also really new and really useful. I think I use it daily New your language to support QMLJS. We reuse the QMLJS helper lip from Qtreata. Thanks for that and Then we just get um All the support we need for QML. So we have code navigation, right all the nifty stuff we have here And we have code completion in QML pretty useful as well yeah Just have to brace Dennis for that our gsac student. He did an amazing job here um, yeah, somehow he's he's missing an action now, but I don't know. All right Another thing we have per project um widget coloring right now. So in this TAPA you see like two different colors And you can easily notice these two files Belong to a different project like this So it's very easy to to figure out what Files it belongs to. Yeah And it doesn't have it Cont, yeah, contributions welcome. Yeah. So the coloring right now is only for the TAPA and for the project to you Uh, yeah, if we needed more places that would be cool Progress reporting of ninja and make also pretty useful creator headed for Humac make for a long time. I think but right now. So if ninja is almost or is Proceeding you get a progress bar, which actually shows how far the builders And with plasma 5.8 you also have to the taskbar 5.6 oh, sorry Yeah, you also have this Thanks to Kai for that and yeah, you have that in the taskbar. I think it's pretty cool Easy deployment. Yeah, we it's when worked on that one. We have an admin image now You can just download it X make it executable and run it. That's pretty useful for testing new web page We also have that right now And yeah, that's already it our to-dos Really, we want to get kdevelop on windows out We have that working for years already, but we just want to make sure we release We don't release crap. So it works for people and we get good feedback for that one. So we want to release that one Uh, yeah, kdevelop on os x. We also want to have that but I think Windows it is way more important. We have seen a lot of Requests for that one and we want to have have it done Yeah I think lots of kd people here, but the rest for you if you want to join us just go here and Get some information how to do that Thanks. Thank you Kevin that we're all lighting talks here for today. Uh, yes, try the party


So, like I said, I'm Mason Schmitz. I'm from here originally attending school at Boston University in fourth year. And I just wanted to thank everybody for this opportunity to present to you. I'm going to present on conjunctival melanoma rising from primary acquired melanosis. So this case is actually a case that I encountered working in Dr. Mamelis' lab, a tissue sample that came into us. But it was Mr. S, an 89-year-old male who was referred for evaluation for a left conjunctival neoplasm. The story was that he had noticed some bumps on his left eye several months ago. And the bumps were accompanied by redness, irritation, tearing. I'm sorry, this was white type before. So let me just try to, I'm just going to switch this. The bumps were on his left eye. He'd noticed them for a few months. And it was causing him some irritation, some redness, and some blurriness in his vision. He had initially presented to an outside ophthalmology clinic. And they saw him. They gave him some eye drops. The symptoms didn't resolve. And three months later, they'd noticed not only that the symptoms hadn't resolved, but also that he, that they'd seemed, that these bumps had seemed to have grown. So they decided to do a conjunctival biopsy. And that initial path readout was read as suspicious for invasive squamous cell carcinoma. As a result, this patient was referred to, to this institution here, where Dr. Mifflin saw him for further evaluation. On presentation here, this is kind of what his patient history looked like. I'll just kind of jump through a few pieces here. The conjunctival neoplasm, he had cataracts in both of his eyes. A few medical conditions you can see there. And the medications he was taking correspond with those, with those medical conditions. The only ocular medications that he was on was Tobridex and azacyte after the conjunctival biopsy. His exam is 2050 in his right eye, 2200 in his left eye. His intraocular pressures were good. And his pupils were equal around it with no afferent pupillary defect. On, on further exam in the right eye, there was some moderate blepharitis and a moderate cataract. But on the left side is where the real interesting pathology was. He, in addition to the moderate blepharitis also here, he had some conjunctival thickening here in the, in the canthus, lateral canthus. Also kind of inferiorly and then infronasally here. This was more of a pigmented lesion, especially here with some pigment kind of extending down right there. So this is a picture of that infronasal lesion that was taken. As you can see, it's pigmented, it's round, it looks a little bit raised. So it was, it was decided that they would obtain an MRI of his orbit face and neck to see if there was any further progression of this, of this neoplasm. And then because of the location of this, of these lesions in the, in the fornic's kind of lateral canthus and involving the inferior lid, it was decided to refer this patient to Dr. Patel for surgery. So here's a picture of the MRI's, you can see. And the conjunctival thickening, let me just actually zoom it up a little bit here. And that kind of loses some of the quality. But you can see there's some conjunctival thickening kind of on the lateral side. It extended laterally into the fornic's. It didn't appear to involve any of the extraocular muscles, in particular the lateral erectus. And no extension intracranially also. It was determined that there was no evidence of this MRI of metastatic disease. So the surgery was performed in the excision of all of these neoplasms in the fornic's superior and inferiorly. And there was a removal of the, of the lesion on the lid with a reconstruction, stage one reconstruction of that lid. Also the conjunctival tumor infranasally was removed with conjunctival plasty and cryotherapy was done around the tumor edges. So now the histopathology came back and it was read as malignant melanoma of the orbit arising from a preexisting primary acquired melanosis. Because there was this question of squamous cell carcinoma versus now this, what they were reading is primary acquired melanosis. The sample was also sent for special immunohistochemistry, HMB45 and S100. This isn't the actual histology of the patient but it's representative. So here you see these atypical melanocytes that are extending throughout the epithelium and into beyond the basement membrane. Here is an HMB45 stain which is stained for melanocytes and the S100 stain which indicated this was indeed melanocytic in nature. Yep. Yeah, there were seven, initially they did two biopsies, one kind of laterally on the conjunctiva, nasally and one temporally. Removed all the, this was the pathology for red for all of them, uh-huh. So what is primary acquired melanosis? It's a flat noncystic pigmented lesion. It arises in the conjunctiva of the cornea, the caruncal and it needs to be distinguished from the more common localized nevus and racial melanosis. Especially in people with dark skin, racial melanosis needs to be ruled out and it's usually, it's also flat but it's usually bilateral. The histology can also be further differentiated as having, as being with or without atypia. So let's show some of what that atypia is. This is without atypia. You see these benign melanocytes here that are confined to the basal layer of the epithelium and that's typical of without atypia. Now with mild atypia, again it's confined to this basal layer, not extending past the basement membrane or really too much into the epithelium but you see that they're kind of more atypical with condensed chromatins at times and some nucleoli. Now PEM with severe atypia, it is now extending, these atypical melanocytes are now extending into the epithelium, still not going past the basement membrane at which point it would be considered melanoma. You also see epithelioid cells which can be typical of PEM with severe atypia. The epidemiology of primary acquired melanocytes is it's more common in Caucasians, women and at an average age of around mid-50s is what I saw in most of the literature but however can affect all races and genders and the incidence has also been sub varied accounts of how common this was. One study by Glorin and Alexandricus where they saw thousands, over a thousand samples in their institution, they thought the institution was around, or the incidence was around 36%. Others think this may even be higher because of the asymptomatic nature of primary acquired melanocytes, oftentimes it doesn't present. So the clinical features is usually unilateral, distinguishing it from racial melanocytes, it's flat, pigmented in the locations we talked about previously. The average diameter is in one of the studies I saw was about 8 millimeters per lesion and on average there were around two of these lesions per eye when it was seen. Almost always asymptomatic, sometimes some redness and mild irritation and these do grow or have the potential to grow. There's also the potential for progression of PAM to conjunctival melanoma and this is what you worry about. It is estimated that about 50 to 75% of conjunctival melanoma arises from primary acquired melanocytes. The other main player that gives rise to conjunctival melanoma is anivis and those give rise to about 20 to 25% of conjunctival melanomas, otherwise it can also arise de novo. Here you see a patient here who had some PAM on here in the inferior fornix and kind of going into the cancer and this patient had this excise with cryotherapy and then was lost to follow-up and here you see this patient returning five years later after he was lost to follow-up with this melanoma that had been developed. Here are other examples of primary acquired melanosis giving rise to melanoma and in this case you see an amelanotic lesion actually of melanoma which PAM can also give rise to. So I wanted to highlight a study that was done by Shields at all at the Wills Eye Institute. They had a study where they had 311 eyes they were looking at retrospectively that had primary acquired melanosis. The initial determination for treatment was 194 of these were just observed, thought that they were looked by nine of them that they could be observed and 107 were biopsied initially. Of those that were observed at an average of 32 months, 16% of these showed growth with no progression to melanoma, 5% of these showed growth with progression to melanoma at an average time of 56 months. Of the biopsied lesions, 27% of those recurred at an average time of 19 months and 3% of those recurred progressing to melanoma at an average time of 39 months. So in determining what predictive factors there were in looking at the initial PAM lesion of its progression and recurrence, they determined that the main predictive factor was clock hours or how many clock hours the initial lesion occupied. In a lesion that occupied one to two clock hours, it was less likely to progress and also less likely to recur after excision. However, a lesion that occupied more than four clock hours was more likely 6.8 times more likely to progress to melanoma and a lesion that occupied 12 clock hours was over 20 times more likely to progress to melanoma than a one clock hour lesion. The other predictive factor they found is the degree of atypia determined your progression to melanoma. So PAM without atypia and PAM with mild atypia were both determined in this study and other studies to have no progression to melanoma. Now this PAM with severe atypia was determined to have the potential to progress to melanoma and there are varying accounts here. In the SHIELD study, they noticed 13%. Other studies have noted progression as high as 50 to 70%. So the overall progression from this study of primary choir melanosis to melanoma was determined to be 3%. So what are the management strategies? One of the most important things I saw is that it's really important to do a detailed exam initially detailing how many clock hours and making good large detailed drawings of these lesions and it was actually in a couple of studies I saw actually the drawings was more reliable than the pictures in determining your next step in moving on to surgery or not. Here's just a way that the SHIELD papers set it out and they're thinking about how they would proceed with surgery or other treatment. They determined that those lesions that had less than one clock hour from their sample looked like most of those didn't progress and they determined that those could be followed just observed one to two times a year. Over the lesions that were kind of in the one to two clock hour range it was now this murky range where it could go either way and they gave the patient the option of surgery or no surgery but once it passed two clock hours that determined the surgical excision with cryotherapy was the best method and above five clock hours a wider incisional biopsy with cryotherapy. Whenever there's a fear that this may already be melanoma and no touch technique where you don't actually manipulate the lesion but making wider incisions and then switching your instruments at the time of excision and switching when you close is the method that they recommended and others recommended. For diffuse primary choir melanosis map biopsies with some cryotherapy and then adjuvant therapy based on histology and for corneal lesions alcohol epitheliacs seem to work pretty well on topical mydomyosin C. Mydomyosin C was something that I saw in several places some people are using it. It seems for more extensive lesions it's not as helpful but it does show some promise for especially these corneal lesions. Now just very briefly not extensively the melanoma management strategies important to do a more extensive work up for this CT blood test et cetera to determine the extent of systemic disease and then a complete excision with cryotherapy using that no touch technique that I talked about. Also radiotherapy is used frequently proton external beam brachytherapy at times is used and oftentimes exeneration is necessary. So back to our case Mr. S was referred to radiation oncology during the time that of his surgery to the time he was presented to radiation oncology. You'd notice some increased blurry vision had also developed some double vision especially in lateral gaze and over the past few months he noted at this time that he had had significant weight loss. So what they were thinking is they were considering proton therapy they thought mydomyosin C and the brachytherapy were maybe less ideal in this situation given the location and extent of the lesions and currently they're planning on presenting this to the melanoma tumor board and proceeding from there based on their recommendations. So here's some of my references and a special thank you to Dr. Manless and Warner whose lab I've been working in for the past month and to Dr. Mifflin and Patel for their work up of this patient. Any questions Dr. Manless? Initially like I showed on the MRI they didn't see from that MRI that there had been metastasis but definitely that 40 pound weight loss speaks to something dangerous. Any more questions? Yes. So PAM is by definition a flat lesion and it is impossible to tell just by gross examination the difference between PAM with atypia and without atypia and so biopsy is necessary. If you were suspicious I think that and especially if this lesion is extending like I showed those clock hours, more clock hours then biopsy is probably the better out to go. Any more questions? Thank you very much.


Sandy! Where's Sandy? Right there, there she is. Security up here. Oh my god, okay.  Oh god, oh god. He's filming us. Oh my god. We're lost. Hello, my fellow Sniffer's fighters and hatchlings. There's Jenna. Welcome to my channel. My name is Marlene, Danny, and Jenna. Marlene, Danny, Jenna. No. Marlene, Danny. My hand is this. Oh, that's Ty Ty. We're going on an adventure today. Have you guys ever heard of Ty's Adventures? You could check Ty's Adventures out on TikTok at Ty's Crazy Land. T-H-A-I-Z. Ty's Crazy Land. Obviously, if you follow me on TikTok, there'll be a link there. Why are these glasses are not the best? Oh, that's Karen in the back. I'm having, I'm having. If I speak to the manager because we were today. What did you plan for today, Jenna? Why don't you tell us? Yeah. Well, for today, I wanted to go see some random slash spooky slash abandoned places. We're using this app called Randonaut. Randonautico. Randonautico. So this place is like, you know, you use some sort of the app, you find your location, it has kind of like a texting, simulating kind of thing. And this is a location that we found or Danny found on his app. And it's just not like doing anything, you know, when it asked me to think of my, what does it want you to think of my void? Think of your intent. I thought a spooky, magical out of this world. Then we're just at a regular house. So, I mean, that house does look like a, it looks like someone's looking out it, but I don't know if it looks like it. Maybe it's a cage cover. Yeah, maybe they have a bird. Maybe we found a family. What I think we should do is go into the mountains, Santa Monica mountains and look at a, find a Nazi, an old Nazi compound that has graffiti all over it. That's scary. It's not. Yeah, that's the point. I'm not a baby. Chai's a baby. Are you going on the scary ride? And also we brought Harry and Sandy and I don't know who let them in the car. Danny did. Who? I love taking a cut. Chunky, junkies. Well, there goes the detailing. Patrick Marlene decided to like travel with all 12 of her birds. Do you remember when we had you? We need to go to Starbucks. Everyone get in the car. Okay, we need to get this one harness. We need to bring this one out with a blanket. We need to hold this one, Spudsy's. You need to cup this one in a certain way. It'd be a whole ordeal. But do you remember when we did that? When I was like, let's bring all the birds to Houston. Remember we brought them all to Houston and then like someone came into her. You guys are traveling, so we're at the airport. Well, honestly, I don't remember that. Yeah. Honestly, I totally manifested that. I brought the vibe check. I brought the like everything. You're talking, you took a rabbit to Houston. Exactly. To meet dad. Did you steal a rabbit from a homeless guy or something? No, I brought a rabbit that cost me 13 bucks to Texas. To get this rabbit a flight cost me 135 bucks. I come, show you the rabbit, show dad the rabbit. Two of you let the rabbit out. Release my rabbit, my pet rabbit. No, I kept sneaking on it. Oh, good. Yeah, okay. I'm 12 years old, pretty sure. And then he's gone. Anyway, he released it and dad, you know what? No. Then I go back home, really upset. Come back to visit you guys three months later. Me and Lawrence were doing some graffiti stuff. I found this homeless dude that started yelling at us and we were gonna leave. And then all of a sudden I saw my rabbit out of nowhere and then she came towards me. And when I went to pet her, she let me pet her but then she scratched me. This guy said that I see that rabbit all the time. She's hopping around and I was like. He was feeding her when I went to see him. So no, I didn't steal a homeless dude. If any of you were ever wondering about following this app, you might have seen it. God, is that a lemon orchard? Oh my God, the app work. What is this? Private property. Guys, this is a whole lemon orchard. We found something. I probably jittered, there's like a thousand lemon trees. Is this someone's house? Oh my God, we could, this is it. We found it. What is that? Citrus rich dried. Citrus, of course, that's, have I been thinking of lemons? Oh my God, I shouldn't know. Serenity estates? What kind of estates glue themselves like that? This is one weird hill. That's what I'm saying. This is weird. Security up here. Oh my God, okay. Oh my God, oh my God. Oh God, oh God. He's filming us. Oh my God. We're lost. Yeah, okay. Why is it guarded? I don't know. And then that guy pulled up and his tinted windows. You don't know if it's the mob. Yeah, actually it was, he had the thumbs up on his car and he was ready. This is a location that the app run in. Maybe they're guarding all the lemons. Should we come up in a different car and pretend we're different people and get a better look? Should we switch out our animals while we're at it? Oh my God, that was interesting. Wait, you looked up, is that the address?  I wonder who's over there. That was really weird, try another one. So there's Brown's house. Cause he has the art covered exterior walls and that's what that house had. What? That is so funny. Well, we found a celebrity home from the Randonaut app and a lemon orchard. Hashtag gold, now I know where to live. Another one two miles away, it's out in the woods. Oh, perfect, that's what I want.  I don't want it. I want to almost like, you know, be concerned. I want that situation where I've no wifi and like I know this because I want to text Joey I might not make it. Jenna, I have had experiences like that. I should probably tell them all one day on my channel and I thought I was brave and I was not. I think I was like, I went to an abandoned, it was like a whole cul-de-sac of old houses that were abandoned because all these murders have been there. And this swing just kept swinging in front and my friends wanted to go. The same night I almost got shot. It's just for another day. This one took us to the dog park. Say goodbye. What happened, Ty? Bye. Goodbye. We're leaving. See you later. Goodbye. Come on, just come out. Look at that sound of bad. Yeah, come on. Come on. Time for bed. Not time for bed, are you crazy? Oh, you're the cutest. Ty, Ty, aren't you? Bye-bye, Ty. Yeah, he's like, yeah, get me on the camera. And he will follow Jordan. Danny, watch. She won't like deviate from him. This is suspicious. It's like they bought new sandals and they're just in the field. Oh, that's, yeah. Danny, you should be a detective. Littering your sea. Oh, to clean up the thing? Guys, you guys are good. I have seen both Danny and George swim in the ocean to get cans out and throw them away. I would if I would go into the ocean, but I don't go into the ocean. It's just that it's wet. If you could have a power to manipulate and use and move fire, water, air, or earth, what element would you possess your power? Well, I already know I have the power to create fire.  I'm scared of fire. Fire is scary though. Don't worry people. It's cucumber infused water. Okay, we're going to see another. What did we find Boogie in a tractor? Tractor, yeah. This is disturbing. We could like go on adventures with the animals for my channel. I have Marlene's signature blend in my back. Is that for us? Okay. We're coming up on it. What is this? Is it where that gate is? Yeah, right in there.  I don't want it to go up and get close up from there, but it's a little scary. I'll do that because it's an airport, you know? It was a little chicken. How'd it go, man? It was very good. Where'd you guys go? We just went and got tacos. Took us to Chris Brown's house. What, what did they give you? Chris Brown? Yeah. Why didn't they give you that? I don't know, but it took us there. There was security and everything. It also found us a lemon orchard, like a thousand lemon trees. And if you imagine what you want, it takes you there. So you imagine lemon trees and everything? I'm always dreaming of lemons, so. So you guys wanted to go see Chris Brown? Apparently. I was dreaming of being a musician. Si, where are you going? He's coming after you. Come at me, he's biting me, I'll get you. He's coming to say hi. She talking to you? Did you say hello? When did I ever have a Vinny ring tea? Yeah, you had this and I just cut it. I was like, I need to make it more or something. Not sure if I like it or not, but I'm going with like a 90 steam kind of thing. You failed, you gotta see Jersey first. Call her like you didn't see her. Jersey? That's your new nickname. Thank you, look. Huh?