Welcome to NewsClick. Today we're going to be talking about what in many quarters is being called the assault by the United States and the West against the Chinese tech company Huawei. Now the immediate reason for this is because France has also announced that it will enact measures by which Huawei's 5G equipment will soon be out of its systems. And this follows the United Kingdom, which last week announced a very similar measure. And we know that in May, the United States announced strict measures against companies supplying equipment to Huawei. So we have Prabir Prakash to talk more about this. Prabir, thank you so much for joining us. So first of all, the move by France indicates that the UK's decision was not a one-off thing. There is clearly a concerted effort being made with all the Western countries as far as China and Huawei are concerned. So could you first maybe talk a bit about the kind of alignment that is developing on these lines? I think what you said is very clear that the NATO allies are slowly under pressure of the United States, moving in the direction that they will stop using Huawei's equipment. Of course, there is a lot of Huawei equipment already in the network. So they probably have a time frame that by 27, 28, they will phase it out, unless of course there are radical changes in the world at that time. So nothing, of course, can be considered as sacrosanct in terms of time in international politics. But given today, the direction seems to be the European Union is going to follow, or at least the NATO countries are going to follow the lead of the United States, keeping Huawei out of their telecom network, and probably working with the US to build an alliance of suppliers like Ericsson, Nokia, as well as Qualcomm in the United States for creating a global opposition or a global alternative to Huawei. Of course, what is the role Samsung is going to play and this is not clear. Samsung is also a player in this space. So the 5G issue then has been thrown wide open, and Huawei's technical lead, which is very clear in this area, there are at least 12 to 18 months ahead of the others, is being challenged, not technologically, but to sanctions and by various trade measures. So it also makes clear, if you think back on it, that WTO, which would have been a platform where the sanctions could have been challenged, it has been rendered virtually defunct by the actions of the United States by not having tribunal members chosen and without tribunal members being available, that if they're not enough members of the tribunal, dispute settlement tribunal, that means WTO effectively ceases to act as a trade body. It can say what it wants, but there is no way to resolve disputes. The dispute settlement process was the key one which made WTO different from all other trade earlier agreements. So I think now it also falls into place that this was planned for some time. Therefore, WTO dispute settlement body was made defunct by the United States and now we are seeing a set of sanctions which I do not remember ever having seen earlier. This nature of sanctions, that if I give you an equipment and I'm the United States, I give you an equipment, if you machine anything on it, then that also comes under sanctions because it's touched my equipment. So this touch business of sanctions that if you machine anything with my equipment, it also automatically comes under my sanctions. This kind of legal extension of law far beyond the borders of the country is something that I do not remember seeing and I do not think that it has any international legal provenance in terms of international law. So this it would seem to indicate this was quite sometimes with the coughing, but the US had problems convincing its allies, but slowly either by threat, cajoling or by promise of money to their companies, slowly there is a move away from Huawei. And I think that is not going to get resolved unless the larger picture falls in place, which is what is the role of the European Union going to be in this trade war. So that I think is the big up issue. It's very clear that the United Kingdom after Brexit, the European Union is going to march in tandem with the United States. But will the European Union follow suit? That was a key question. And France, if the indications are true, then France is giving the indication that it is also going to follow suit. Absolutely. So Praveer, in this context, the key question really is what are the challenges before Huawei and what are the options before Huawei? So in an earlier conversation, we did talk about some of the technical aspects regarding the processors, regarding the semiconductors itself, and how the kind of challenges Huawei would face. So could you maybe elaborate a bit more on this in terms of, especially in the 5G sector, what are the most important constraints Huawei is going to face and what are the options it has in terms of overcoming them? Let's look at the other side of it, that if you look at the Huawei's range of goods, the mobile phones, of course, is a key element of that. And the second is the 5G network technology. It is one of the world's leaders in terms of telecom equipment. It supplies networks, it supplies a whole range of equipment. And ZTE is the sort of the laggard in the market, not as big or as advanced as Huawei, but it's also a cost-effective, lower-end supplier of network equipment. Whatever happens to Huawei, I think also will happen to ZTE also. So this is where these two companies operate. So earlier, the ARM processor, which is the key core processor, ARM is a British company, which has been bought by Softbank in Japan. Now that operates out of the United Kingdom, but nevertheless, a lot of its intellectual property or designs, et cetera, come from the United States, from its offices. There are also some from the it links with other universities. So the US has earlier said, the more than 25% of your ARM processors comes with our intellectual property. Therefore, that also comes under our sanctions. And ARM, based on that, had stopped supplying Huawei equipment or the core processors from May onwards. It had said, after May, we will not supply you any new designs. The ARM doesn't manufacture anything. It really supplies the design as software. And then of course, it is converted into processors by companies. They also use the core process to construct the larger processors. They can have four to eight cores that go into such processors. And these are then fabricated in what are called FABs. The FABs in this particular case, which we are talking about is a Taiwanese FAB company. It's a leading FAB company in the world. It has the largest income and the largest throughput, as well as the largest revenue. That has seven nanometer technology. So it's really the most advanced in terms of FAB technology. And I think the only other comparable FAB that exists is probably Samsung's, which also have the capability of seven nanometer technology. So the Taiwanese supplies to Huawei are now going to get hit because they will not be able to fabricate the Korean processor, for example, which is built on the ARM core processors. That Korean processor cannot be fabricated in the Taiwanese FAB company. So that though officially they haven't declared anything, what we understand that whatever it is said publicly, they've stopped taking orders from Huawei. So they will probably still supply what they have well made. And it is possible that Huawei has about 12 to 18 months of inventory of the processors they're looking for. So they're not going to be hit today. But down the line, at some point, the core processors on which a number of technologies are built, it's not just the cell phone, which of course uses the Korean processor, at least the more advanced ones do. But also a lot of the network computation that takes place, what I call in the base stations, they are also processor based. So these Korean processors would have been there also. So there is going to be a range of things that are going to be hit if they cannot access the seven nanometer technology. So this is the problem that Huawei is going to face. Now is this problem really unsolved? There are two ways of looking at it. One is the immediate solution. That means in China, they have the fifth largest foundry in the world, which is capable of making 14 nanometer technology processors, chips. And that would of course be coarser than what the Taiwan is camp company is offering or what Samsung can do. Therefore it would be less efficient, it would be consuming more power, it would be more expensive in terms of computation because you need more equipment in order to reach the same computational speed. So to say our computational effort. So yes, they would then have to balance it against the loss but in a processor cost is not the major component of the cost. That's not going to be the major issue. But yes, the loss of efficiency and the larger computational power it would drop, larger power it would drop would be in some sense restrictions. But don't forget that the competition largely in the 5G are based on processes which are Intel processors and they're not as efficient as the ARM processors. So in that sense, that may not be an immediate issue, but long-term yes, that they get frozen out of this market is something to worry about because Qualcomm, who also manufactures processors and Samsung who also manufacture processors, they are also on ARM processors unlike Nokia and Ericsson, who are at the moment the main European competitor. So in the long-term sense, who are they being hamstrung like this will have an effect unless they're able to develop seven nanometer technology quickly. And for doing that, and this would really, if they don't do it, this would also really affect their cell phone market as well because the Kirin processor is the one which they're banking on for the high-end cell phone market. So the question is within 12 to 18 months, can they do it? So now they're importing EUV technology, they're importing high-end lithographic equipment and they're trying to develop based on that, the ability to bring the fab level from at least 14 to 10 or seven. Now, can they do it in 12 to 18 months? We don't know. They can also import equipment which are not under sanctions because they are manufactured not in the United States but by some certain European companies, I think by also one Japanese company. Will they be able to do so? Not clear at this stage. Will they be willing to supply the Chinese market given the trade war? We don't know. But the Chinese have options over there but it's not that this is the only deciding issue on the issue on the question of 5G network. The other issue that's going to be there is that the major reason Huawei has an advantage over others is not because of the processor but because of the gallium nitride material they have used extensively as opposed to silicon. And that has certain advantages because it actually takes less power. It consumes less power for the same amount of computation it does. And gallium nitride as opposed to silicon seems to be giving them an advantage to the extent. For instance, this massive antennas which are called MIMO antennas that are there, those antennas are way a lot. So if they have to be lifted, put on a structure and you require a huge number of them because as you know, the network distances have to be small. So the 5G networks really have not like the cell towers. They're not as dispersed in cell towers. They have to be much closer together which means also that you need many more antennas than you do for cell towers. So if you need those antennas which are, as I said a very large number of them that needs to be deployed have higher consumption for power for instance and way more that is going to be economically something that goes against those suppliers. So that's one bottleneck they're going to have and some indications are that the other company's antennas were at least 60% more than the Huawei antennas. So they have a certain advantage over there. And the second part of it is of course that the efficiency of the radio network still seems to be better than their competition. Ericsson, Nokia are not in the same range. Qualcomm has good processors, has got certain things but they don't, I don't think they provide the same range of equipment that Huawei does. They make a lot of the components of the 5G network. Samsung is another player. None of them have the reach and the breadth that Huawei has. And they're in that sense the only competition of Huawei was Ericsson and Nokia. So these two were the major competition who relatively are at least 18 to 24 months behind them. And they're not switching to stadium nitride as yet. So again, Huawei has a lead on that. And let's not forget the patents. Huawei has more patents than Qualcomm or Ericsson or Nokia. And if you take the patent as an indicator of what kind of strength tech strength the company has, then Huawei has a huge tech strength in terms of know-how. And a lot of them are based on Gaelian nitride. And let's not forget 95% of the Gaelian instead of a rare earth material is from China. So they are also sitting on the source material over there. So as of now, the technology balance is still even. Yes, they have been hit but as far as the 5G market is concerned, I don't think they have taken a decisive hit. So the real issue is therefore the political one. How to keep Huawei out of markets, particularly of the countries like the European Union, UK, the United States, Australia. But let's not forget, this is not the big market in the world today. The big market is China. The big market is India. The big market is rest of the world. So therefore, in trying to bring Huawei down, keeping them out of the market, there is the converse part that is also there. They are essentially hamstringing their own networks, making it slower because Huawei could make those networks much faster. That means they're imposing a tax or cost on the consumers in terms of speed and throughput. So this is one part of it. And therefore it is going to slow down a whole range of technology applications which are planning to ride on top of the 5G network, for instance, advanced vehicle, maneuvering, using IoT devices. A whole range of things have been planned with the 5G network speeds in mind. So that would be ham. And secondly, they are giving an incentive for China to switch. That means whatever market China loses, they also, conversely, the American equipment manufacturers also lose a market because they can't supply those equipment to China. And a number of companies who want to also export to China then will think American equipment is poison by the fact that anytime they can put sanctions on me for doing my normal commercial activities, and therefore should I be buying equipment for them? So this is forcing China to become self-reliant. That's one part of it. Weakening the 5G speeds in part of the world that the US still dominates. And C also could harm the future fab equipment, manufacturing equipment in which the US still has a lead. So all in all, it's a mixed bag that is there. And I'm not sure that which way in the long-term things will pan out. But China's basic strength is a huge internal network it has. It's 5G plans, and they are already going ahead with that, are far larger than what the US is going to deploy. So in terms of market, it's about seven to 10 times the size of the American market. And if that is so, then automatically, the size of the market that Huawei has gives them an advantage because the whole market itself is so large. So I think things are still very much out there, but India and reliance has been a joker in the pack. Where they have got, they're getting the technology. What is the 5G technology Geo is proposing? We don't know. They have a 5G, they have a 4G network was entirely built by Samsung. And Samsung has a 10-year clause that Geo cannot enter networks, network technology areas for, I think for 10 years. So I think that will expire in about two to three years. So what do they have in place of that is completely opaque at the moment. Qualcomm has made some investments in reliance, but it's a very small one, it's only $97 million. So whether it's a Qualcomm Geo lineup, is there some other things in the offering that we don't know? Is it Samsung is considering itself to be a partner of Geo? We don't really know any of these things, but we do remember that when the reliance chairman, Mukesh Ambani in a conclave stood up and said to Trump that I have a network in which there is no Chinese equipment. He thought he was only doing some grandstanding. But now it appears that there is a intention to switch sides or aligned with the United States. There is an intention to actually align with the United States, bring Geo as a partner, not just as a recipient of other people's equipment, but as a partner and maybe possibly enter the network, erection, commissioning, deployment market with other people's components. We don't really know what the Geo game is, but it is certainly emerging as a player, at least in terms of intent. And this of course means that the Indian market will also not be available to Huawei. It's very clear after the kind of bands and technology and kinds of bands they have put on Chinese investments. So I think that is the other part that we have also to see. Thank you so much for talking to us. That's all we have time for today. Keep watching.


Hello holiday love bugs coming to you from my camera so feeling lonely for the holidays like you just want to wrap yourself up in a blanket curl up with some wine and just shut the world out I totally feel you and in today's video I'm going to give you two really great ways to not feel so lonely during this holiday season if you're new here I'm Sarah and I help teach people how to find inner happiness through fitness and spirituality and today we're gonna toast to loneliness being a good thing holidays are supposed to be and they're marketed as the happiest time of year the best time of year so when you're already feeling lost or sad or lonely a lot of times all of this holiday spirit and Christmas joy can make us feel worse it can make us feel more lonely or more sad or more depressed maybe you're going through a divorce maybe you're going through a breakup maybe maybe you lost someone very close to you maybe you lost a job that you really depended on and when the holidays and family get together's and and romantic partnerships and spending money on gifts is something that is so routinely thrown in our faces this time of year it can often deepen our pain and it can make us feel even worse and then because we know we're supposed to be happy and it's supposed to be the happiest time of the year we feel even worse and it just compounds and gets and it gets deeper and deeper and deeper inside of us and I'm here to tell you it doesn't have to be that way because I love you because I love you and I love you every time of the year and not just during the holidays and if you love you like like my video and subscribe so we can like hang on again next week you know you know okay so let's start with the first thing that can help make your holiday season feel not so lonely okay it sounds simple but there's so much to it and that is doing something for someone else and before you say well sir I love the money or whatever you're gonna say this doesn't have to be something cute do if you want to go sponsor a family for Christmas or donate money like absolutely go do that but there are so many other ways that you can help other people whether they're people you know or people you don't know and this could go all around I mean you could go and and surprise your parents and clean their house for them you could teach your little brother or sister how to drive you can go help out at a homeless shelter you know there are so many things that you can do and it's so wonderful and it's really the best way to get out of your holiday loneliness because not only does that change the chemicals in your brain when you help someone else but you're helping someone else I mean there's no lose here it's a win-win situation on top of that it's going to give you a little more perspective of your own life where whatever it is that you're going through there are people out there that would kill to trade places with you and that's not me standing here and and demeaning what you're going through that's not what I'm saying at all you know there's there's no comparison to the level of pain and loneliness that we can all feel but just like there's always someone that's going to have something to have it better than you do there's always someone that's going to have it worse and I think that there are so many different ways that helping other people can put that into perspective of like oh like I actually have a lot to be thankful for and I have a lot to be grateful for and on top of that you can build connections with people you can build connections with different people in the community or people you see on the street you know it's something that I do and I do this year round is I carry what I call my homeless bags in my car and basically what I do is I get all these like little glittery fun bags that you know you can get a Target or Walmart or the dollar store or wherever and I fill them with a bunch of things that people that I see that are you know without homes or that are struggling they need so I put little snacks in there and toiletries and toothbrushes and I even put a positive note in there something saying like no you can do this or you are worthy and and then I also carry a bunch of $5 bills around with me so whenever I see someone that's on a street corner and they need something I can just pop out one of my bags from the pack back seat grab a $5 bill out of my wallet and give it to them and not only is it helping this person in need but it helps me too it makes me feel good to be able to help with someone and I get to stand there sometimes and talk to them and see what their story is and just connect with your neighbors connect with the people in your community and you know if there's just such a beautiful thing about that so I encourage you not only to do this during the holidays but do it all the time you know people need love all the time and the more love that you give you're gonna get it back tenfold okay and I don't mean that and agree to like oh I'm only helping this person so that you know I feel good like the more you love the more you give the more love more love you're going to feel inside of your heart I can promise you that okay and the second thing I want to talk about especially because the holidays are obviously at the end of the year so this is a good time to sit back and reflect on things that are going on in your life and that have gone on through the past year and I mean specifically the things that are making you feel sad and the things that are making you feel down and lonely what happens is if we don't if we try to push these things down they are energetically going to get stuck in our bodies and we're never going to be able to feel better but if we can sit there and reflect about these things that happen and find just a sliver of gratitude for it could be the littlest thing it will start to help you see your problems and your struggles in not as crazy as a negative light but a little bit in a positive one as well so for example I had some friends giving last weekend with so many of my friends my families were there I had just a fantastic time and I'm going through I wouldn't necessarily call it a breakup but kinda I guess right now and a bunch of my friends have gotten engaged and I'm pretty much one of my only friends now that doesn't have a partner a significant other and don't get me wrong it gets to me sometimes but instead of focusing on that when I was with all of my friends I just allow myself to feel the love and the connections that I had with my actual friends it's like it's kind of all about perception it's like I could have spent those few hours in that time focusing on the fact that I didn't have you know a significant other there or the person that I love there with me or I could have spent those few hours connecting and having a good time with friends that I don't get to see very often so you see a lot of times and we're feeling lonely or sad as much as we really don't want to admit this and I'm gonna I'm gonna give you the heart truth right now we're choosing it a lot of times we're choosing the loneliness and we're choosing the sadness and that doesn't mean it's easy to just flip a light and say oh you know I'm gonna be so happy right now and I'm gonna do that and I'm gonna be you know I'm gonna throw flowers through the air or whatever hey guys so I thought this was important to put in this video it's Wednesday night so this video is going up in less than two days and basically I go to church on Wednesday night at my local church because there's so many people that go on Sundays I get anxious and so it's just it just stresses me out going Sundays so I go Wednesdays so I just went tonight and it turns out that they actually weren't having a service tonight and they were having a Christmas tree like lighting ceremony and there were food trucks and like little baby goats there and stuff and I go to church alone and I tried to do a lab I was there for the actual like tree lighting ceremony which was really pretty and I just looked around and all these people what your families and couples and friends were all you know hanging out together and they you know having a great time and I was just like surrounded by you know probably 150 200 people and I felt so alone and I love goats and so I went over to the goats but then all these kids were in there playing with them normally I'd go in and like see them but I just want didn't want to like impede on like the kids you know hanging out with them and so I left and as I'm walking through the parking lot to my car this happened and the reason I'm inserting this in this video was because super relevant and I feel like on social media people often will say they're going through things and it's hard to believe them because you know when you're feeling upset and you're feeling down or angry or whatever negative emotion you're feeling like the last thing you want to do is pull out your camera like I'm doing right now but I think I just the message I want to get out there to you guys is that it's okay to feel your feelings and it's okay to allow them to pass through you because if you hold your feelings in you and you you don't allow yourself to cry it's gonna get pushed down it's gonna get stuck inside you so when you're feeling lonely or depressed or whatever during the holidays or anytime if you feel like you need to cry let yourself allow yourself to cry I mean would you go to your best friend or your mom or whoever and say stop crying like you shouldn't be crying I hope not and so I'm just on here to tell you like don't do that to yourself and even I know so many people tell me how positive I am and how happy I am all the time and I am I am a positive and happy person but that doesn't mean that I am positive and happy 24-7 and it's very hard for me to get on here and be this vulnerable and like I purposely like saw myself in the mirror and I was like whoa I was about to like take this off before I started recording this my mascara and then I was like you know what no like I want to be so real with you guys and I want to be vulnerable and put myself out there and understand that we're all just people you know no matter who it is that you look up to whether it's social media influencers or actors or or probably not politicians but you know anything like that like we're all just human beings and we all feel emotions and have hard times in our lives and I just want to tell you that it's okay and one of the tips that I use and I just recently started doing this and it's actually very helpful is that you don't want to define yourself by the emotion that you're feeling so on my car ride home I was kind of you know crying and I heard I like started saying to myself like in my head like I'm so lonely like I'm so sad I'm so whatever and I stopped myself and I said no I just feel lonely right now I just felt upset in that moment and that allows you to realize and not define yourself by that emotion because if you start defining yourself you will start acting in that way and it will just kind of compound so just allow yourself to feel these emotions we're all the same and you know it's it's gonna be okay things change seasons pass and yeah I'm kind of rambling now but I just wanted to get on here and tell you guys that like I love you and it's okay and be easy on yourself and I'm here for you and I get it love you but just take yourself back in that moment reflect on those things that have happened in the past year because I can pretty much guarantee you everything that you've gone through this past year wasn't a bad thing if say you got in a car accident you know you've gotten a really bad car accident and your car was totaled and you had to spend a lot of money and you didn't have a car for a while or maybe you still don't and maybe you were even a little bit injured from that car accident but you're here watching this video and you're alive and you're breathing and you're okay all right maybe you're going through a divorce or you're going through a breakup and you feel kind of lost and sad but now you have all of this freedom and you can literally do whatever you want to do like there's always a little bit of a positivity it's kind of like we're not gonna go so far into this but it's a little bit like yin and yang you know there's good and bad and there's bad and good so all I'm asking for you to do is when you're feeling lonely in this holiday season and you're looking around and you're seeing all these families together and all these couples together and you know maybe you're having fertility issues and you see children like all I'm asking you to do is find that little bit that little bit of goodness in the bad and I promise if you continue to do this and you train yourself to do this every day or as often as you possibly can this happen every day I have my bad days I'm not positive and happy every day I was going to film this video two days ago and I was like I was not in the mood to do it and guess what that's okay so not every day is going to be good but there's good every day at least something comment that down below there's good in every day there's good in every day I love you guys so much I know that this can be a tough time of year but I promise just hang in there it's worth it you're growing love yourself love the people around you no matter if they have more things that yet that you want are they more things than you have go help out someone down the street go help out a neighbor you know rake their leaves or go help out at a homeless shelter go do something that's going to benefit not only you but other people too I'd love you guys so much don't forget to like and subscribe to this video if you want to come hang out with me again next week and I love you guys so much and don't forget be limitlessly yourself


Let's examine steam-based power generation here What happens here in is feed water, which is high-pressure water from a feed water pump Which pumps from atmospheric pressure to high pressure goes into the boiler. This is the water that is fed and fuel and air are fed into the boiler where they're burnt and the heat is transferred to heat is transferred From this fuel and air to the boiler and it boils the water and turns it into steam the steam high-pressure high-temperature steam goes to the turbine and turns the turbine shaft, which is connected to a generator and The steam once it gives up the energy This low-pressure steam that comes out from the turbine is condensed in a condenser Because this is still steam and it occupies you know compared to water a lot of volume and We could send this one back again to the boiler this high low-pressure steam But the wall the pump power is based on the volume that we pump back so this volume being very high still is condensed into water or steam and Heat is actually rejected here or transferred to cooling water and The clean water goes back to the feed water pump. It takes less energy To pump the water compared to the low-pressure steam that is the reason we even though we dump or we We reject this heat still the cycle has Viability so that's how the steam-based power generation occurs and Gas-based power generation is slightly different. This is again details showing how it is done Basically, you know in a boiler you put coal or oil or gas or Or actually for that matter Even nuclear power is more or less the same only thing is the fuel is nuclear fuel But once the water turns into steam rest of it is the same in nuclear power plant So coal oil gas Or biomass any fuel that burns is exactly the same way you turn First the chemical energy into my into thermal energy and thermal energy into mechanical energy in a turbine and this turbine turns the armature in a in a generator and which generates the electricity and The low-pressure steam that is going from here from the turbine actually is condensed in a condenser and Condensing water which goes in Becomes warm and it comes out and goes to a very high Heights and then it is sprayed in a cooling tower and and the energy is transferred to air and The water comes down and it is recycled. So those are the details here and Gas turbine is slightly different gas turbine where it is compressed as you can see here it goes into a compressor and it is compressed to high pressures during this compression the temperature increases and We also inject fuel into this combustor where the fuel burns and it gets to a high temperature and that hot gas actually turns the turbine here and When it turns the turbine It generates power some of it is used for the compression of this air and rest of it goes to the power turbine Which is basically You get the power output here and the hot gas that comes out is rejected here This is the type of turbine that is used in Both the aircrafts as well as land-based power generation and this is based on Brayton cycle and the exhaust gas gets out and and It can burn here the fuel can be liquid fuel like in aircrafts or we can use natural gas as gaseous fuel on land-based or synthetic gas or any fuel gas that is available and Although we are showing these units as separate units compressor combustor turbine Typically, they're all in one assembly here as you can see in this picture So the air and air enters here and it gets compressed and after compression you can see there are various stages of compression here and You they need to the combustor you inject the fuel and then again the power shaft and Turbine part of it expands the gas and you get the power from here from the other side So this is gas turbine based power generation And an improvement over this cycle the previous cycle the steam cycle was based on Rankin cycle This is based on Brayton cycle, but we can also combine both actually so you can see the gas turbine part is over here and The gas turbine Exhaust that is coming out still it being hot can be sent to his heat recovery steam generator Which are her seg HRS G where water is introduced Water goes through actually and then turns into steam that steam can go and turn another steam turbine and produce some more power here This is Combined cycle where you are combining gas cycle with steam cycle and here the gases after cooling down To the maximum possible level is or sent out these gases are sent out So the efficiency of combined cycle based power generation is obviously much higher It can go almost up to 50 percent compared to a gas turbine based power generation of 40 45 percent and And Rankin generation is 35 36 37 percent So it is it is an improvement


Hello and welcome to the session in which we will discuss incentive stock options or known as ISO. The first thing that we want to know is what are stock options. If you don't understand what stock options are, you will not be able to understand what incentive stock options are. Well, when you work for a company, you might be granted stock options. Simply put, granted means given to you by the company. Let's assume a company like Intel. And matter of fact, I used to work with Merrill Lynch, which is an investment, a brokerage firm that used to handle the employee stock options for companies like Intel, Tyco, PepsiCo and many other companies. So you work for an Intel and let's assume the stock price of Intel, the market price today is $25. So this is the market price.  The term is they will grant you 1,000 options, 1,000 options to buy the stock at 40. Well, right now, this option is worth, worthless. Why? Because you would, you would buy the stock at 1.5. Why would you buy it at 40? But they will give you 10 years to buy the stock. So there's a period of time. There is like, for example, we're going to say 10 years. And also what they would do, they might have a vesting period. For example, you have to work for Intel one, two, three, whatever year. So you have a vest vesting period. So today is the grand date. Today is the grand date. And let's assume three years from now you vest just for the sake of illustration. After three years, let's assume the stock price of Intel is 55. Now your option is in the money. In the money means it's worth something. Well, it's worth something. It's worth, it's double. Like basically you can buy it for 25 and sell it immediately for 55. If you did, let's assume you decided to exercise the option. Exercise means buy the stock at 25 and you can immediately sell it at 50 if you choose, but we're going to talk about the tax consequences of that later. But the point is you can exercise the options. This is called the exercise, the exercise date, OK, whatever that date happens to be three years later. Then after you exercise it, you can either sell it today and we're going to see what the tax consequences are for ICOs or wait, then sell later. But this is basically what you need to be familiar with at least to start talking about stock options. We have a grand date, which is today. We have an exercise date when you actually buy the exercise, buy the stock using what's called the strike price. The strike price is 40 and there is the eventually you will sell the stock. So that much you have to know before we proceed any further. I have a public announcement about my company, Farhat Lectures dot com. Farhat Accounting Lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation, as well as your accounting courses. My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course, such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles. My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics. My resources consist of lectures, multiple choice questions, true, false questions, as well as exercises. Go ahead, start your free trial today. No obligation, no credit card required. Now, I already covered the same example in the prior recording, and I told you we have two different types of stock options, non-qualified and qualified. In the prior session, we looked at the qualified stock options and we covered this topic. Under qualified stock options, we have incentive stock options and employee stock purchase plans. Now, as I told you, we're going to be focusing only on incentive stock options or ISOs. Now, how do we know whether the stock options are qualified or non-qualified? Well, in this session, we're going to define what is qualified stock option. And if it's not qualified, then guess what? It's non-qualified. If it's not qualified, it's non-qualified. If it's qualified, then it's a qualified. It's either ISO or employee stock purchase plan. Now, we need to discuss the qualification requirements. Well, first, the options must be granted to key employees under a plan approved by the shareholder. So the shareholders, the owners of the company will have to approve it. They have to vote on it. Also, it should be granted within 10 years, 10 years from the date to which the plan was adopted or approved. So after you approve it, you have 10 years to grant those options. You cannot wait more than 10 years or whichever comes first. So make sure you have 10 years to implement the approval. If it's longer than 10 years, you have to get that approval again. Those are requirements. The employees are required to exercise the option within the period of 10 years from the date on which the stock was granted. So once you grant them the stock, they have a 10 year period to exercise it. Employees are not allowed to own more than 10 percent of the combined voting power of the corporate stock as of the grand date. Simply put, they cannot be a majority, not majority, own more than 10 percent. When you own more than 10 percent, you're a substantial owner of the company. You cannot, you cannot be one of these people. OK, so it's key employees, but you cannot own more than 10 percent. Also, the exercise price should be at least equal to the fair value of the fair value of the stock at the grand date. If you remember the Intel stock, the market price, I said 25. So you cannot grant them the option to buy it at 20 because the option is already in the money. So the exercise price has to be at least 25. 25 means they're neutral. They have, you know, there is nothing. There is no value to the stock. But if you say you want, I give you the option to buy it at 40, it's out of the money and that's what they want you to do. ICOs has to be out of the money. They have to be out of the money. In addition, you remember, you have to be, you have to be familiar with those qualifications for the stock option to qualify as an ISO. And we're going to see why you want it to be qualified as an ISO. Once the stock is exercised, it must be held by the employee at least one year after the exercise date. It's worth going back and looking at a timeline. So this is the grand date. This is the exercise date. So after you exercise it, you have to hold it for one year. One year to be what? To be considered an ISO. After you hold it for one year, then you sell it afterward, simply put, after you hold it for one year, it will qualify. It's not, that's not the only condition. There's a second condition and two years from the grand date. So let's assume this is one year period from the grand date to the exercise. There is one year here. So you waited one year from the grand date to the exercise and you waited another year after the exercise. You met this period in total of two years. You have an ICO as far as you are meeting the holding period. Why is that important? That's why that's why we need to know because once you meet this holding period, then when you sell it, it is capital gains. Well, if you don't need this period, if you sell it here, it's ordinary income. Usually ordinary income is higher than capital gain. That's why you want to qualify as an ISO and incentive stock option. Also, the employee should remain and also the employee should remain employee of the corporation from the option grand date till three months before the exercise date. So you have to be an employee and this period is extended to one year if the options were granted to a permanent or disability or the total disability. Well, just FYI. Now let's talk about the taxation of an incentive stock options. How the employee as well as the employer is taxed because this is what we're concerned with. Well, the ISOs are not stock compensations. Therefore, the employee is not taxed when the stock is granted. This is in contrast to the non qualified. Remember under the non qualified, as soon as we grant them the stocks, there's a tax consequences for the receiver. The basis for the stock for the employee equal to the sum of the stock exercise price and any amount paid. So you need to know what your basis are. Well, your basis when you exercise at the stock price, stock price, which is the exercise price. And if you happen to pay any amount fee to buy to exercise that option. That's your basis when the stock is subsequently sold. The employee generally recognize a capital gain or a capital loss. Again, depending if you meet all the qualification that we talked about in the prior session, if the requirement listed above, which is on the previous slide are not met, as I told you, it's ordinary income. It's considered ordinary income. Now this is again in contrast to non qualified stock option. Be careful of the option lapse. Lapse mean going back to the Intel stock, the option price is 20. If the stock is always below 25 for 10 years, then the stock options that they gave you are worthless. The company is not doing well. You cannot recognize a loss. Why not? Because you did not recognize ordinary income where it was granted to you. So there is no loss because you did not recognize any income. So if the option happened to lapse. Also, each employee is not allowed to exercise more than 100,000 of these options. So you are limited. If you have more, guess what? It becomes non qualified. You're not meeting the requirements, non qualified. It's ordinary income. So this is don't worry. We'll work an example on the next slide and guess what? The taxation of the employer. Easy. They're not treated as compensation. If they're not as an expense compensation, they receive no tax deduction. There is no deduction for the employer. Simply put, that's what we are saying here. The best way is to illustrate this with an example. On March 15, genres receive an ISO. We're telling you it's an ISO. Now I could give you an example where I tell you, is this an ISO? Well, does it meet the requirements? Okay. Or what are the requirements for a stock option to meet in order for it to be treated as an ISO? I'll give you the options. But here I'm telling you it's an ISO. The number of shares to be purchased 200. The exercise price per share, we can buy it at $100. Fair market value of the stock on the grand date is exactly $100. They're making it easy, but if it was $99, then this is no longer an ISO. So at least equal to the fair market value. Usually when they grant you, they will have the exercise more than the current price. But again, I'm just illustrating the point. On April 3, year two, when the fair market value of the stock is $120, John decided to exercise the option and buy the $200 shares. Then after they exercised them, they wait until May 10th, year three until they sold them and they did good. They waited and the price became $180. So they had not exercised and sold, which is if they exercised and sold, remember, they will be taxed as ordinary income for the difference. And not only that, they waited a year later and they sold it for $180. And now all the gains is subject to capital gain, which is that's what they really want. So the first question, should John report any income on the grand date? And the answer is no. Given that it's an ISO and they met all the qualification, I already told you they met all the qualification. They don't have any recognized income on the grand date or the exercise date. We already know about the grand date, also the exercise date. Determine the adjusted basis of the stock held by John on April 3rd, year two, the adjusted basis is the stock exercise price, which is $100, can buy 200 shares. Their basis are 20,000. What amount, what is the amount and the type of income that John would report when he sells the stock? He sold the stock May 10th, year three, which is held it for a year. And from the exercise to the grand date, also there are two year period. We are in good shape. As of May 3rd, John has already met the requirement related to the holding period. Therefore he would recognize a capital gain of 16,000. How it's the difference between the selling price 200 shares times 180. He received $36,000 in total. The basis was the 20,000. And guess what? It's not only that it is capital gain. Is John employer allowed to receive any deduction for tax purposes? And the answer is no, these are not compensation. Therefore they cannot, they cannot treat it as a tax deduction, which is it's good for the employee, not good for the company. If it's an ISO, so you need to know this because in taxes, we like deductions, companies like deductions. And for an individual, but if you, if, if the individual wants to choose, if they can choose between ordinary income and capital gain, they would always try to treat it as capital gain, which is an, that's what the ISO will give you. What should you do now?  Accounting is worth it. Invest in yourself. I'm always here to help you and stay safe.


Item number SCP-1994-J. Object class. Amazing! Special containment procedures.  Oh, and we have to go to the park too. Can we go to the park? Please, please, please, can we go to the park? Description. It's a big shiny green ball and I love to play with it. Sometimes he tries to trick me when he hide behind his back but I am smarter than him. We go out in the front lawn and he throws it back and forth and it's awesome and... What's that motherfucking mailman doing here?  Will you throw it in the pool? Please, please, please, I love when you throw the ball in the pool and I go get it. Yay! A dendo. I love the pool! Site 42 is able to continue broadcasting and move up to making live-action SCP adaptations thanks to support from our viewers, subscribers, and especially our patrons. Special shout-out to our level five researcher level patron, Andre Beysher.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards. We've been 22, 23, Panini Prism, basketball, fast break, five box break, number five, random team style. So look again at your end results. As always, you can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat. Again, 21 to go. Here we go. 22, 23, fast break, pre-zomb. Here's Deandre Hunter for the Hawks. Donovan Mitchell. Kennedy Chandler and Peyton Watson. Purple Blake Wesley Rookie for the Spurs. Nice one there. 275. Fast break, Jason Tatum. Squatty Pippin and Steve Nash. Ooh, Scottie Pippin Jr. Another Rookie. 250. Silver CP3. Desmond Bain, Vince Carter, Johnny Davis. We got Peckable Teard coming up after this. Obi-Toppin. Kyrie Irving. Jeremy Sohan. Doug McDermott. 250. 32 of 50 on the pink. Matt Christie. Nice one there. Rookie Otto for the Lakers. Fast break, Otto. Wendell Moore, Ray Allen. Luca Disco. There's a Dyson Daniels variation. Horizontal. Get one of those Rookie variations a box. Blake Wesley and Brayden Downey's rookies. There's Darius Basley. A. John Morant. Matt Johnson. Dyson Daniels. Kimmelage Wong. Blue, Kevin Durant. Nice one there too. 150. Got a Cade Cunningham for his Matic. I want to try one of those dumplings. Yeah, I got one. Pork, I think. There's a Kevin Love Purple to 75. Keegan Murray Kings. Vince Carter. Silver, Jalen Brown. Vonte, Grand Patrick Ewing. I just dropped a link, never mind. Again, 21 to go on. Bowman, 2020 Bowman Jumbo. Four box. 21 to go. Come on. Three journals. Yeah, I did. Stupid, dude. I heard it first. Yeah, I was going to say, definitely heard it first. No, god no. Sick. Not at all, dude. Not at all. Sick. Over. There you go. Over. That's sick. What is that? Gold. Yellow. That's my dad. There's Evan Mobley. Johnny Davis. Gotta wrangle them up out there. Get it together here. Jimmy Butler. Paul George Prismatic. Big Ben Wallace. Charles Barkley. Clint Capella. Red for the Hawks too. 100. Joellen B. Sixers. J. Will. Blue. Bones Highland. Nice one there. Second year to 150. For the Nuggets. Silver, Swiss Bank. Terry Eason. And Jason Kidd. Disco. Christophe Sporzingis. And variation. J. Dubb. Jalen Williams for the Thunder. Nice one there. Dylan Brooks. And Jeremy Sohan. Pink. Jay Sean Tate. 250. The Rockets. Quylin. Then Sanity and Johnny Davis. Miles Turner. Blue. 250. Hey, Yannis. Fireworks. Yeah, Kyle and Donnie ripping Personals over on Channel 2. It's a bot lobby. Gary Trent Jr. Yeah, get some dubs. I know something to Kumpo. Jalen Williams. Yeah, true. If you want to go get some Ws, there are a couple of bots over in Channel 2, so it shouldn't be that difficult. Expert level bots. What do you say? Expert level bots. The 75. Scottie Barnes. Purple. Kennedy Chandler for the Grizzlies. Nice one there. Fast break rookie auto. PJ Warren. Disco. Danny Green. Silver. Star J. RJ Barrett. Payton Watson and Desmond Bain. Or do you need some shirts though? Disco. Wendell Carter Jr. Jabari Smith. Luck of the Lottery. Purple. Julius Randall. Nice one there too. 75. Zion. Dirk and Jaden Ivey rookie. Nice one there. T with an F1 sapphire spot. Thank you, Michael. A floor play out today already, I guess. Yeah, I think it was earlier. Okay. Ooh, nice. Jalen Williams. Purple for the Thunder. 20 of 75. There you go. Okay, C. Going to Mark L. John T. Murray. Martianne Bochamp. Jaden Hardy. Disco. Gary Payton. As well as Jason Tatum. Zion. David Robinson. Jabari Smith Jr. Rookie. Who is Alexi Pokeshevsky? Third year now to 150. For the Magic, going to be Caleb Houston. Rookie fast break autographs. Wilts and Ty Ty Washington. Disco. Paul George. As well as a Shade-on-Sharp on the variation. Nice one there for the Blazers. Horizontal variation. Ryan Rollins. Pete Maravich. Oh god, Dean. Get this guy out of here. There's Jason Tate. 250. There's Jabaret. Jake Laravia. There's a second yellow card of the day. Going to Dean. Dean with the yellow. Alvin got a yellow very early on. There's Zach Levine. LeBron James. Yeah, Alvin like two minutes in got a yellow card. Oh yeah, then it's a free giveaway to everyone in chat. Yeah, Isaiah Roby. Silver, Grayson, Alan. Malone, Tyree Smarton for the Hawks. Yeah, New. New, Trevor. Blue, Justin Holliday. Two, 150. At least I got some type of a card. There's Charles Sparkley. What up, Dean? Bass and bass. TMO. Who stole my flag, man? I know. That was probably Donnie, to be honest. You got to go, you got to go walking to channel two and see what's up there. Two, Chris Weber for the Kings. Two, 150. And KD, widescreen. Big Ben Wallace. Charles Barkley. Kevin Hurter. Disco. Disco, Trey Young. Wendell Moore Jr. and Ray Allen. Jaylen Green. God, that's so funny. Luck a lottery chat homegrown. I think I told you about that. Terry Easton, Isaiah Roby. Just like this like sound on TikTok. I think it's probably like a meme somebody made. But Alexi Pogoszewski, two, 150.  And it's like the girl's like, I don't even understand why you're still dating me.  Like, you can't believe that I didn't cheat on you. He's like, yeah, kind of. And then she keeps talking. And he's like playing Fortnite and he hit the clip. He goes, I just had a clip! There's Drew Eubanks bronze. Nice one there for the Blazers. 18 of 20. That's cool. We've got going to the Bulls. Luke Longley. Gratz on that there. Chicago. I'll try to find it after. That's fine. There's Malachi Branam and Amaric Stathamon. Disco, Barkley. Variation, Osemen Zhang going to Thunder. Thunder with two of the four variations so far. Very nice. Vince Carter and Johnny Davis. Pink. Doug McDermott. Dougie McBuckets to 50 for the Spurs. Prismatic. K.D. Disco. Chris Weber. Jaylen Williams, Rookie. There's a Disco. Terry Eason, Rookie. We've got Dane Willard, Prismatic. Keegan Murray, base rookie. And Danny Green. There's a red. Jay Crowder for the Suns to 100. Jay Val, Silver. David Roddy and Yonah's Valentine's. Two Jay Val's. Disco. Trey Mann. He's got a Silver. Garrison Matthews. Brandon Clark. Diabatze. And TJ Warren. Andre K. with three O'Peechie Platinum. Nice one there. And a Leaf Pearl, random hits though. And guys, still 21 to go. And Bowman, 2020 Bowman. And Last Box of Fast Breaks. We have, what's it called, Impeccable coming up after this. Hank Alex Caruso to 50. Kyrie Irving Disco. Jaylen Duren. Montage Nobley and Benedict Matheran. This is a regular vet slit. I can go in after and I'll help you before we start the next break and we'll just split them up. Jason Kidd, my bad on that. Zach Levine. Dallan Terry and Shaq. Red, Ryan Rollins to 100. Steph Curry. Vince Williams Jr. and Josh Richardson. Should be pretty easy because all the big name rookies I had to top load, it's just going to be like the mid tier rookies. All the Discos are top loaded so. Malachi, random Disco rookies. Ayres, Kevin Durant. Tyus Jones and Caleb Houston. We shouldn't have, there shouldn't be that difficult. Disco, Evan Fornier, as well as an AJ Griffen, steal the draft on the variations. So the Hawks. Max Christie, Andrew Nemhardt and EJ Liddell. Blue, LeBron, nice one there. And it's going to be 17 of 150. Got Jason Terry, the jet. Nice one there for the Mabs. That's sick. Fast Break Autographs. Jason the jet Terry, John Stockton and a Shadon Sharp Disco. Disco, Donovan Mitchell. Silver, Ant-Man. Brandon Ingram, Chet Holmgren Rookie and Osemen Zhang. Maybe like one or two Silvers in there, probably two somewhere. Blue, Chris Weber to 150. Anthony Edwards, Fireworks Disco. Trey Jones and Oshai Bajie. And last pack, or last two packs I should say. Kevin Herter, Purple, Color Match to 75 for the Kings. Got a AI and Josh Menant. Disco, Terry Rose here. Silva, Patrick Baldwin Jr. Rookie. Kendall Brown and Kevin Garnett. So those would be the sort and this would be the split even. Quick recap guys, we had Jason Terry, Luke Lonley, Caleb Houston, Kennedy Chandler, Max Christie and a purple Jalen Williams to 75. I'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the film. Up next is Impeccable.


Our first guest is in the studio. He's a very big big big fan of the eSercute We've been playing his music for the longest time. So now we are putting gross kwa lakama Ayamana. He goes by the name Athlan Izi. He will tell us more about himself and his music Why he loves us so much. Thank you very much. How are you? Finally i am finally here. buns framed But I grew up in Mombasa and Nakuru and also Nandi County.  So yeah, I'm an artist, songwriter, singer. Mziiki tu liyanza ki Tambo Sanha, tu liyanza tukiyo primary. Kingi ya kwaia. I think kamu jengi ya kwaia, jengi ya mziiki. Kingi ya kwaia, tukiyanza nasaprano, ukosa uti. Then high school did the same, you know. And then afterwards nikatoka and decided to do it professionally. That is after Masou Mosasa. I went first completed my studies to ensure that I completed my studies. And then now I started recording my music because niliyona akuna jani kwenandi kanyimo since primary nazi kuwe tu bado. Ziko tu kwa vitabu. So I said, well, if people have been encouraged me to do this all the time. Let me go and do it. What is stopping me? I know. I am solely saying that after your studies. So what did you study? Well, I studied environmental planning and management. I am passionate environmentalist. Yes, and that is what I do in my free time. Also in your free time you plant trees. But how is your music? I can say all the hustles because I can't really specify because I am also working as an environmentalist. I also work as an environmentalist. So music is also a passion that I decided to carry. It's been there in our family. You know, my grandfather, Nikianda Shags, Nandi. I used to get these to drums and easy vituzores. So I got interested like, you know, what is grandpa doing? Aki wa wuku wa kifanya na easy aki chaza chaza utu tu vitu all the time. My dad also, he really played a big impact in my music career. First, he used to wake us up with one specific song. Kuchwa. Amkaku me kucha. You know that song? Yes. Atawewe ma nangu, amkaku me kucha. He just plays it on the radio? No, he used to sing to us to wake up in the morning to go to school. That's interesting. So I think, I think with that, I think from the love of my dad and his love for music, he had to party aiyo since Ayang age. But unfortunately passed back in 1999. So he played a big impact in my life because from him is where new melodies and such stuff. I used to see him dancing with my mum in the sitting room. And that made me see that music can bring people together and connect. There is love in music. So I felt so nice and I think that's why I took up music. Just seeing how it's being carried in our family too. We are excited. Well, our family is not recorded yet. But we take it professionally. We take it professionally and just it to some degree. So that our generations kikuja, they see aya kumbe, dadia li kwanafanya, ama gukani kiyo gukali kwanafia. We take it professionally and just it to some degree. Then that means most probably your children or to toawa, there is someone who will have that. You will have talent and carry it on. So exactly where I decided to record is so that these kids, my kids, if I'm not there, we can have evidence of what I'm doing in life, you know. And they can get encouragement from there and say, Hey, okay. So dad used to, if he has done it, I think I can do it. Okay. So how has the journey been since you started recording professionally? What have been your highs and lows in that time? Well, my highs and lows, I started recording, I decided to start recording in 2018. But I recorded my first track in 2019. Okay. That was Friday Feeling. It's called Friday Feeling. Yeah. And in 2020, that's where let me say my breakthrough came in because I also got sponsored who saw something in me. And by the Eshara to Maxland Hotel, they are the ones who sponsored me to do my music and record my music.  Yes, exactly. Like for instance, this invite here, it has given me more encouragement to even go and produce other songs, you see. So when you see people supporting your talent, I think that's the most high point you can get in your career. I don't see what you assume a pattern in me from what is when you see people believing in what you're doing. And enjoying the music. Yes, because there are people who don't believe in you. But if you find those few who do, you really appreciate, you see. What about the lows? The lows, yeah, the challenges have been there. You know, in the music industry, there is so much, especially when you want to record, you have to come fully prepared knowing that you're going to also spend, like for instance, myself, if I have to produce something, I have to produce something quality. I'm getting into an industry that is so competitive, you see. So, I changa-changa something kidogo, so that I can get the money to pay the producers, to pay the director for the video. And that has been one challenge because finances to every musician, every musician can attest that it's a problem. Yes, especially I think when you're starting out. When you're starting out. When you're ushafika, then maybe there are avenues of getting money that can at least support that. Yes, you see even with my own support, I still had to get sponsors.  So, you need to talk to people, see how you can work with them, grow their brands, like for instance, myself and Max Landetel, we came up with a really good deal how we can grow our brands together in music and everything, how we can market the hotel through my music also and the kind of music I'm doing also was so key to them. Always the end I'm doing ambitions alafun na patiangoma una anangalivi anasemawel this cannot be used to promote my, you have to work together with this. You have to bring your game as well, see what you may expect, mtu na kujokufanya all the work. I have noticed that in your songs, several of them, you carry an African theme to them, and even in your dressing.  Yes, I'm doing that for a purpose. Why? Everybody has ambitions and what you want to achieve in life. For instance, I myself, I stand for four things, that is music, ofans, leadership and environment. So you see, I'm not only a musician, I'm more than that. Music is just a part of me that I wanted to play out well in my life, together with these other things that I'm doing in life. Like for instance, let me just elaborate. This is called the mall concept, the mall concept of life. This is called the chemistry. Oh, don't take me back. I don't want to go back there. It's haunting me. So I'm the mall concept, I'm Mrs. Gitongani. Uliacha Shule. So I'm the mall concept, this is my life. I picked it from there. So I decided to have initials for all this, that is music, ofans, leadership and environment. Because it's my life, I should be interlinked. Like for instance, music, I'm doing music with ofans, I'm doing ofan initiatives by mentoring them, because personally I am. I know the challenges that ofans go through. So I do mentor ofans, and I have an ambition of having a record label that will sponsor ofans who want to get into music. You see, and at least support their livelihoods. With their talents. That is one ambition I have in this country. Leadership. I mean, we are kwa, we are Sankidogo. Even in campus, I've been in leadership, so I was a kubai and start being a student leader. And I want to carry it out even in the public kuku in Kenya. So to not aspire for accuts. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Which particular one are you interested in? Just Tuambietu. So, I have an ambition of becoming the governor of Morang account. Okay. Yeah. So that's it.  Okay, yeah, yeah. I think you declare it, you possess it. Yes, if you say it, you're going to achieve it. Of course. Yes, and there are no limitations. No one promises we acquire anything in this life. Yeah. So, I have that ambition and I will make sure I achieve it in life. Mm-hmm. So 2022, we expect that. Okay. To Shanzha. Shanzha, but. All right. So all these things you will live your life by the Mool concept. Yes, and then environment, environment, which is so important. Mm-hmm. This color green is in our flag. Yeah. I really do environmental studies on environmental planning and management because nilgwanda ka job is being patriotic of my country. Mm-hmm. Ii na represent what ikalaitu ya green. Environment, green. It's called, Ii na represent environment. Every kala ina, ina siminini ya ke. Black is for the people, sindio. Red ni damu, sindio. Green ni environment. And white is peace. Mm-hmm. So I'm living by a flag being patriotic to a flag. Yes. So if you see me saying I'm an environmentalist. Mm-hmm. I'm doing this because I love my country and I want to make sure our country achieves that 10% forest cover and it's recommended by UN. Okay. Yes. And that is why you have an initiative as well when it comes to your music that is related to the environment. Yes. Tell us about that. Well, my initiative, my environmental initiative with my music, I'm planting a tree for every 1,000 views I'm getting. It's a lifetime initiative for every song mm-hmm. that I've recorded the kwefredi feeling, kirei to African style. Mm-hmm. For every 1,000 views in my lifetime. Mm-hmm. Any other song I'm going to produce. Yeah. I'm going to plant a tree just to appreciate those fans who have watched my song. Sure. So if you watch my song you pretty sure you are making me achieve also something else on this side. Yeah, something bigger. Something bigger. You see. You are 10% for discovery in the country. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Okay, that's nice. So I just want us to talk about the most recent project you have done. Okay. African style, right? Yeah. So tell us a bit about that. African style. So this song was inspired by my dad. Mm-hmm. I wanted to produce something that my dad can, you know, can dance along when I'm thinking of him. Yeah. You can picture him enjoy life. Yeah.  It's true. You know, I pictured of him and Nandiomanani producing such a style here in a sound so African. Yeah. Because he loved that African touch in the music. Alikwala penda kayamba Africa. Mm-hmm. You know, kayamba Africa. Yeah. So alikwala penda kayamba Africa. So I felt I should make it more bring it in the Ruto easy. You know, mm-hmm. from western Kenya and the Luo community use it a lot. Mm-hmm. So I brought it and it can be a producer, my producer, who was Razzil at that time, shout out Razzil. Mm-hmm. So we produced that in an African sense when it came to the video, I was encouraged you should look African. Yes. No, no. Of course, easy to African style and then you're dressing in. No. And that's why with this with this anini, African style then you process anini in Zakenia. If it is African and I end up out to Africa, I felt like I should represent my country where I come from. Okay. You see, that's when in Zakenia. So maybe maybe they know exactly where it's coming from. Yeah, where it's coming from. So it's not just selling Iceland easy. It's just selling our country as well. Yes, yes. That's nice. It's the same as you do here in our country which is awesome. Yes. 100% Kenya. 100%. That's how we do it. Yeah. So where can people find your music? People can find my music through my channel which is Iceland easy ASLAN E-Z-Y and a subscriber but tonight is a subscription fund. Yeah. You know and also follow me on social media. It's the same name so when you follow me at least you will get to know my progress and everything and what what I wanna be there and the layer is an artist. Okay. So thank you so much for coming through. Is there anything you want to say before you wind up? Yeah, of course. Of course. First, I'd like to say thank you to you guys. Nime kufa and kubu asana is so cute. I think you guys you see me all the time. Yes. Thank you so much for that. Yes. So thank you for inviting me for your circuit. This is my first interview and I feel so honored being here today. Yeah. Thank you very much. And I'm hoping it will be mingizakukuja Yeah. And also thank you for joining me for this interview and I feel so honored being here today. Yeah. Thank you very much. And I'm hoping it will be mingizakukuja Yeah. And also thank you for coming Yeah. And also I would like to encourage any artist out there who is starting don't lose hope. There is so much for you out here. There are people willing to come and help your career. So come away when you come here and I ask you to come and tell me that I record I record Kwasimu. That is the way to go. Even you start to see Lianza. Before that is the sponsors before we got people coming in and to say diya kwa ii career to ya. Yeah. You have to do something by yourself. You have to do something and show effort. No. So keep doing that as an artist. Now someday I will to invite you up. Yes. Yes. So I would I would say that to every artist and encourage every artist out there. Okay. Thank you so much for coming through. Thank you for encouraging those artists out there. Yes. For every a thousand likes he plants a tree not just now but his whole lifetime. So go support his music go check it out like, share, subscribe but in the meantime let's get wachatum juenangoma zake. Let's get to hear his vibe. African style by Aslan Ezi. Up next.


Hello everybody. So let's talk about temping if you are a dental hygienist. So whether you have worked in an office and you've decided to leave that practice and now you want to be a temp or maybe you are a new grad and that's all you can find is temping. Depending on where you live, of course, temping is a great thing but it has its advantages and disadvantages. But I liked temping because I could pick and choose my own hours. I had a really hard time when I worked for a dentist. I couldn't choose my own hours and sometimes I liked to have a day off. I know, call me crazy. Sometimes I didn't want to work evenings. I mean who wants to work evenings but being a temp means you can pick and choose your own hours. There are many different reasons why you might have decided to become a temp but I'm going to help you navigate that and most importantly how to keep track of your income for tax time. So again, depending on where you live, the rules are a bit different. Please talk to your accountant and they can tell you more specifically but this is just a general rule of thumb and what I did. Okay, so I'm from Ontario and when I was temping, my case was a little bit different because I did have my own business as well. I've been a tutor for almost 18 years. I was teeth waning on the side, all kinds of things. But whether you have other businesses or not, you need to keep track of your expenses. Sorry, not your expenses, your income.  If you're not on somebody's payroll, if you're not working for the same office all the time, you're doing things more thoratic. You're working for different offices, you are considered working for yourself but you need to set aside enough money to pay for taxes. Otherwise, at the end of the year, when you owe those taxes back, you're going to be shocked. What I suggest is keeping aside at least 30% of your paycheck. I know that seems like a lot you guys but if you were working for one office and they were taking money aside for taxes, that's what they would typically be putting aside. Probably a little bit less so 30% is actually very generous. When I was doing it, I set aside 30% and that helped me. That helped me a lot. I had plenty of money left over and I felt great.  I'm just picking a number here. And then you have to really worry. You have to scramble for that amount. Setting aside 30%, if you can afford it, of course, will really help you. I say if you can afford it. Different months are going to be different. Let's say you have more expenses this month. You need the extra money to pay off your credit card. Then I suggest paying off the credit card because you're going to end up owing more interest, not paying your credit card. Does that make sense? I don't want this video to get into a money help video, but you do kind of have to be smart with it and please talk to your accountant. But at the very least, I want you guys to set aside 30% that way you don't have to worry about it. In brackets, I want to say if you can afford it. If you owe $1,000 on your credit card and you're thinking, okay, I can't put aside $30,000 for taxes, I really need to pay this credit card, pay that first. That's what I was talking about. But keep track of your income, all of that, and an Excel spreadsheet that will help you because come tax time, you're going to need to account for that income, right? And if you ever get audited, they're going to want to see which office paid you, when they paid you for how many hours these offices are going to be giving you an invoice. They're going to be giving you the amount you made per hour based on the hours you worked. Keep all of that. You must keep all of that, you guys, okay? Please do not forget to do that. If your accountant is working with you, or I should say, if you're working with an accountant, you can claim certain expenses as well. How did you get to that office or those offices where you were temping? A car, right? You can claim a portion of your car. If you needed winter tires, if you needed all season tires, if you had to pay for oil changes, pay for your gas, those can all be written off a certain way. Your accountant does that for you. I tried to do that myself. Very confusing. Hiring an accountant is the best decision ever, okay? Hire one. Your cell phone, how did you book those offices? Or how did they get in contact with you? Probably your cell phone, right? Either by email, phone calls, whatever. You can write off a portion of that. Well, your internet, how did you find those temp agencies? Or how did you find those offices? Do you look at something on Facebook? Well, that's the internet. So these things you can keep track of. What about your uniform? Certain expenses. Do you have to buy your own PPE? I hope not. But if you do, keep track of all of those expenses and the receipts, that will be something you can claim later. So does this make sense, you guys? This is a very general look at things, but this can help those just getting started kind of what to do. And if you are with a temp agency who takes a certain percentage of your fee or sorry, of your paycheck, that is considered an expense for you. So I'm just picking a number. If they take 10% off from every paycheck, that will be an expense. You will get that back or at least get a tax credit at the end of the year. So make sure to keep track of any fees they're taking. That is an expense for you, but you have to write that down in an Excel spreadsheet. If you guys have any questions, let me know. I am very happy to help. And I will talk to you guys in the next one.


Emory was a human cheat code. It's prerecorded. It's fake. I can do that too. No, that's actually nuts. Code Miga does what she does best. It works for my own esteem. Wait, so this is what it looks like? Where are people using an iPhone for stuff like this before? It explains how Russia invaded Ukraine.  I was getting flamed. Bro, none of y'all knew that, bro. I did not know that. Well, I didn't know that. Yes, because I mean... They drove them over the border. No, now I knew that. But look, listen, when Pangea happened years ago, the world was... Listen, the world was... It was all in one. And Pangea happened. And now we're separating into different continents. And now how the world works is everything's split. We have mountains and we have, you know, hills and all these things like borders and stuff, right? So, I think that... And verbs and vowels. No, no, no, no. But you know, I think that, you know... Listen, the world was... It was all in one. And Pangea happened. Yep, and now we're separating into different continents. And now how the world works is everything's split. We have mountains and we have, you know, hills and all these things like borders and stuff, right? So, I think that... And verbs and vowels. No, no, no, no. But you know, I think that, you know, it's just... I don't understand what's going to happen. Look, man, I just think... Pardon? Putin? He needs to fucking... Putin. He needs to make up with Biden.  They need to make out. Hold on, but they're not attacking the U.S. They're attacking Ukraine. Oh, well, no, I know that. Dude, I think Aiden is funny. Because you hear the thing, he's obviously joking. Right? But the fact that all these people and all you people are getting baited by it is so funny to me. Dude, he's not... Dude, there's 0% chance that Aiden Ross thinks the world is flat. Pyramids were built by the aliens. And that the world is split up into different continents. Okay? I think he likes to say, Steve, what's up? Yeah, so do I.  Wait, what? 80,000 souls. No way! Dude, look at the despair in his eyes, dude. I feel like K-pop is very, very, very, very old-rated.  Oh, God! They are coming! They are coming! Did you hear that? Did you hear that? They are coming! You know what, though? I don't know how to dance the two-part. Don't tell me to do two-part.  You don't dance. Like, it's weird. You don't know. You don't know.   As Ben realizes, the semitone will never end. Dude, look at the timer and then look at the total subs. Like, it is not, like, remotely close to proportional. That's so bad. Like, it's not even... Look, dude, the subs, it's literally only... It's just under 2,000 more subs and the timer is 120 hours more than... As Ben despair. Yeah. Yeah. Dude, the wheel incident. Couldn't tell what channel I was on for a second. As Ben, please. Oh, yeah. Yep. Okay, so does this only happen with me? Everybody says this only happens with me. Where my picture keeps showing up on other people's things. No, no, no. Not it happens to me. Like, I mean, it only happens with my stream, right? All good thing once I saw the tone of the makeup. Nice nerves. Gorn strikes again with his tractor. Wait, what? What? A tractor is pulling a tank? What? What's the scenario? Thank you, Just Forman. I appreciate that, man. Wait, what? Do you feel that?  What? Windows movie makers? Like, what is this? I didn't realize Miz was Evil X number one. Crazy. Wait, I don't get it. I don't get this. What is this from? Oh, Scott Pilgrim? Dude, I never saw that. I heard Scott Pilgrim was a good movie, but I never saw it. First time. What? Was it your first time? Yeah. Music industry ain't for everyone. Emory playing rock band versus S-band playing rock band.  Dude, I was doing good, dude.


Reason is the capacity to think, understand and form judgments through a process of inference that is guided by some form of logic. It is one of the ways by which thinking leads from one idea to a related idea and generates knowledge that is based upon a coherent set of rules. When looking at the different types of reasoning, philosophers have come to define two primary and distinct kinds, called deductive and inductive reasoning. Induction and deduction differ in both structure and in the strength of their conclusion. Concerning structure, in a generalized sense, deductive reasoning is reasoning downwards from a premise to a specific conclusion, whereas inductive reasoning is bottom up where we start with a number of specific instances and then move towards a more general conclusion. With respect to the strength of conclusion, deductive reasoning leads to certainty, whereas inductive reasoning leads to probability. In inductive arguments, the conclusion is constrained within the premise. This is, in a sense, a closed system, a form of thinking inside the box. As we follow a well-defined set of steps according to a well-defined set of rules, leading directly from premise to conclusion. In contrast, induction is more like thinking outside the box, we're inferring from what we know to what might be true. Deduction is a process of reasoning from a given statement to a conclusion through a well-formed set of steps. It typically involves reasoning from the general to the particular, but not always. For example, our premise might be that good students pass exams, and that Kate is a good student, therefore Kate will pass the exam. We can see how the original premise leads directly to the conclusion. In deductive reasoning, the conclusion is derived from the original premise, and thus every deductive argument is either valid or invalid, and this can be mathematically proven. If in the above example, the final statement does not prove valid, that is to say Kate does not pass the exam, then we'd have to go back and check the premise as either one of them must be incorrect. Proofs are examples of deductive reasoning. In mathematics, a proof is a deductive argument for a mathematical statement. In principle, a proof can be traced back to self-evident or assured statements, which are known as axioms. An axiom is a statement or proposition that is regarded as being established, accepted or self-evidently true. A proof, because it is deductive, must demonstrate that a statement is always true, rather than enunciate many confirmatory cases. An unproved proposition that is believed to be true is known as a conjecture. A classical example of an axiomatic system, Euclid's method consists of assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms and deducing many other propositions or theorems from these axioms. Unfortunately, most events in the world cannot be summed up into nice neat proofs. In the everyday world, deduction involves a requirement for a large amount of general information in order to give one a specific conclusion that may be certain but is often quite obvious and not very helpful. And thus, in addition to being able to reason logically from a given statement to another in a deductive fashion, one also needs to be able to take what one has experienced before and use that to infer general theories to predict what might happen in the future. This is inductive reasoning and it is the type of reasoning we use all day, every day. Induction is very different from the analytical method of deduction. It is more a process whereby general propositions are established based upon a limited amount of particular instances. It typically involves passing from the particular to the general, saying something new based on what we already know. Polling would be a good example of this. We often take polls of a population to draw a conclusion about the whole population. In this process, we're gathering data from a limited number of instances, a small subset of the population and we then use that data to draw conclusions about the whole population. As we are generalizing from what we know to what might be true, induction cannot be certain. It can only have varying degrees of strength, which can be interpreted statistically. Inductive reasoning may be almost 100% true, but never be proven certain like deductive conclusions. Its application in the world rests on the assumption that there are unchanging effects produced by natural causes, and a general induction is made by discovering apparent uniformities which form the basis for generalizations. With induction, we can only ever achieve probabilities never mathematical certainties like deduction. Induction involves taking samples from the past and projecting them onto future events. It is based on the insight that the future often resembles the past. Thus, inductive reasoning, in its broadest sense, includes all inferral processes that expand knowledge in the face of uncertainty. The process of induction has been the great method of modern science, and through it many of the great celebrated achievements of science have been made. Thus it was by induction that Newton discovered the principles of gravity, and Darwin came to the theory of evolution. Sometimes the world works on predictable rules of inference, but sometimes it does not. Sometimes the future is not the same as the past, and unlikely events do in fact occur. To solve this, we need a similar but different form of reasoning called abduction. Abductive reasoning is often described as being inference to the best explanation. Abductive reasoning is a form of logical inference which goes from an observation to a theory which accounts for that observation, ideally seeking to find the simplest and most likely explanation and this is the essence of scientific inquiry. It involves the gathering of data and the formulation of theories and conjectures to explain that data. Abduction works by taking in data and ruling out the impossible explanations until one is left with only with the most plausible options given the evidence. It is a form of logical inference which goes from an observation to a theory which accounts for the observation, ideally seeking to find the simplest and most likely explanation. For example, in a billiard game, after seeing the red ball moving towards one, we may have ducked that the cue ball struck the red ball and that's why it's moving. The strike of the cue ball would account for the movement of the red ball. It serves as a hypothesis that explains our observation. Given the many possible explanations for the movement of the red ball, our abduction does not leave us certain that the cue ball in fact struck the red ball. But abduction is still useful in serving to orientate us in our surroundings. Despite many possible explanations for any physical process that we observe, we tend to abduct a single explanation or just a few explanations for a process in the expectation that we can better orientate ourselves in our surroundings and disregard some possibilities. Abductive reasoning can also be called reasoning through successive approximation. Under this principle, an explanation is valid if it is the best possible explanation to a set of known data. The best possible explanation is often defined with regard to simplicity and elegance. According to Vohan and Schick, abduction uses five criteria, testability, fruitfulness, scope, simplicity, and conservationism. When figuring out the best explanation, we consider two or more hypotheses, then compare them based on their criteria, whichever one fits best overall is the best explanation. The difference between abductive reasoning and inductive reasoning is a subtle one. Both use evidence to form guesses that are likely but not guaranteed to be true. However abductive reasoning looks for cause and effect relationships while induction seeks to determine general rules. Another form of reasoning is analogical reasoning. An analogy is a comparison between two phenomena which highlights respects in which they are thought to be similar. Analogical reasoning is any type of thinking that relies upon an analogy. An analogical argument is an explicit representation of a form of analogical reasoning that cites accepted similarities between two systems to support the conclusion that some further similarities may exist. Analogical reasoning involves lateral thinking between two distinct things. We're transferring a statement about one distinct phenomenon to another phenomenon. Analogical reasoning is reasoning horizontally. Imagine trying to explain to a child what a lion is. One might say it's like a big cat. Thus one is creating an analogy between the two, a horizontal link. We might likewise see this analogical process of reasoning in how a court of law will rule a particular way on a case based upon other similar cases that is ruled upon in the past. Analogical thinking is ubiquitous in human cognition and communications where analogies are used in explaining new concepts. Domains such as electricity or molecular motion which cannot be directly perceived are often taught by analogy to familiar concept domains such as water flow or billiard ball collisions. Analogy is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject, the analog or source, to another, the target. In a narrow sense, analogy is an inference or argument from one particular to another particular as opposed to deduction, induction or abduction where at least one of the premises or conclusion is a general statement.