Hello students. I am Mr. Nagesh Arthambake, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Valkchan Institute of Technology, Sulapur. Today we are going to discuss automobile electric horn and fuel gauges. At the end of learning outcome, at the end of this session, students will be able to explain automobile electric horn and fuel gauges. In this particular session, we are going to discuss what is relay that is used in electric horn, then electric horn circuit diagram, then introduction of fuel gauges and different types of fuel gauges. Now, before learning the electric horn, we must know what is relay. Can you think regarding these question students? What is relay? That is the answer. This was touched on before, but it's worth special attention. Remember that certain devices require considerable current and that in turn requires thicker wire. High current devices require big, heavy switches to handle the current. Unfortunately, these would be ugly and expensive. So engineers use relay. A relay consists of a small coil of wire around a central iron cover. When the actuating switch energizes the coil, this core moves heavy duty contacts together, thus allowing high current to be passed to the device. That's how a small switch can control a high current device. We already know the starter solenoid is a high current relay. Other devices that typically utilize the relays are the hogs, power antenna, air conditioning compressor, power seats, power windows, engine cooling fans, and power tops. These are the applications of the relay. This is what the electric horn circuit diagram, in which the horn is there, A and B, these are the circuit breakers. There is a horn relay in between that consists of the circuit breaker. The horn button is there, the current is coming from the battery and the ignition switch is there. When you start your ignition switch, that time the current flows from battery towards the horn relay and when you push the button that time with the help of circuit breaker, the horn is going to ring. So likewise, the horn circuit is designed. Now how it works? The battery voltage travels through a high current wire that is the red wire that you have seen in the circuit diagram, through the relay to the horn and also through a smaller wire that is a blue one through the ignition switch to the relays, low current coil. The first thing you should be aware of is that the horn circuit is always hot or live when the ignition switch is turned on and all that is needed is a path to ground. That path is completed when you push in the horn button. When the button is pushed, the ground connection is made. Energizing the relay coil, A, the coil iron curve in this particular design pulls down arm, connecting high current contacts B. High current then flows from the battery to the horn. The horn is connected to the ground because it is mounted to the chassis of the car. See how it works? Actually one thing is missing from this circuit, there has to be a fuse somewhere in this circuit. The high current wire from the battery might go through an appropriate fuse on the fuse panel or there might be an inline fuse near the horns. It depends upon the production engineering decisions as to the most economical placement. But your schematic drawing will show its location. So what is this particular fuse, automotive fuses? Almost everything in the car is wired through a fuse. Fuses are designed to fail when too much current is drawn through the device. This prevents heating of the wires and subsequent melting of the insulation followed usually by fire. Fuses are simple in design. Inside a fuse, a short wire with a specific cross-sectional thickness is there. This dimension dictates how many ampere can be carried before the wire melts. Too many amperes, current, the fuse fails, serving the rest of the circuit from the damage. Most of any car's fuses are located in fuse panel but some are in line. Inline fuses are found under the dash and in the engine compartment. Next thing is fuel gauges. Gages are usually more expensive than indicating lights. Gages indicate the values of important parameters required to be known by the driver for smooth, trouble-free and safe operation of the vehicle. Such as a remaining fuel exit. The gauges have the different designs and are mostly electrically operated. In one type, a coil-off resistance wire is wound around a bimetal arm. The movable end of the arm is connected by a linkage to an indicator needle which is shown the value against a scale panel placed behind the needle. Here what? The schematic diagram of thermostatic coil type of fuel gauge is there. This is one of the type of the fuel gauge in which there is a bimetal arm and the hydro coil is there which will turn the needle. Ignition switch is there and there is a fuse. Whenever high current flows through it then definitely the fuse is going to melt and the current will not be passed toward the coil. And there is a sending unit is there so which sends extra currents to the earth. So how it works? A series coil carries full instrument current. The current then splits part going to a variable resistance in the sending unit and the rest going to the shunt coil. Higher resistance in the sending unit increases the shunt magnet strength and a low resistance weakens the magnetic strength. Current flowing through the sending unit changes as its resistance changes. The indicator needle is deflected by the difference in the magnetic strength of the sensing and shunt coils. Next type of fuel gauge is the balanced coil type. Here in this particular central figure that you can see there is a magnet between the two coils and the magnet is connected to the needle. So here also there is a sending unit and ignition switch terminal is there and in between there is a fuse. So at left upper figure if you see there is a fuel tank and there is a float. So whenever the level goes down that time you will see in your fuel indicator that it is showing the fuel is at the lower level with the help of this particular balanced coil. And at the right side if you see there is a variable resistor is there with the help of that variable resistor what it does it increases the resistance and it sends the current towards an indicator and indicator shows a full reading when the fuel tank is filled with the fuel. So whenever the resistance decreases that time current increases and wherever the resistance increases that time the current decreases. So with this phenomena the indicator is showing the level of the fuel. So we will see again how it works exactly. The sender unit in these cases is the fuel tank which connects the instrument electrical system to ground. Thereby directly connects to the negative side of the battery to complete the circuit. In the fuel gauge sending unit a variable resistance reward stat is connected to the hinge tank float. When the fuel level is high the gauge circuit connects directly to ground allowing fuel current to flow through the instrument coil which moves the instrument needle to the top of the scale. As the fuel is used the float drops this causes the instrument circuit current to flow through part of the variable resistance adding resistance reducing the current flow on thermal instrument. This reduces the instrument coil temperature so the gauge reading lowers. In both the cases gauge reading is proportional to the tank fuel level. The instrument gauge mechanism is sensitive to the current flow therefore it is important to have a constant voltage source for attaining accuracy. In these instruments generally supply is made from the vibrating point voltage regulator which may be a separate unit or part of fuel gauge level that keeps the voltage at a constant value usually that is 5 volt. These are the references. Thank you.


Well hello my friends and welcome back to my channel. Today we're going to be working on my budget. I know a lot of you enjoy these videos and it is time to share once again because it's the beginning of June. How exciting right? So in the very beginning of each month I like to use these from Aaron Condren. These are just the like long sticky notes that they have. I think they have a couple of different style versions. This was the ones that they came out with last year. So every month I put a long sticky note and if something is coming up that I need to allocate for expense wise, I will put on my little sticky note. So I am going to be going to Alaska this month. I'm so excited. I'm leaving on the 19th and then I'm not coming back until the 2nd of July. So I'm going to be gone for two full weeks and Doyle has a vet visit. I believe it's on the 5th. So I have to allocate for that as well. So let's get into the fun. So I figured since I am going to Alaska I would do my budget with this cute little anchor washi. Of course it's from my shop Shameless Plug. The link is below. But yeah I love this washi. I think it's so freaking cute. So much fun. Okay. There we go. There is that. And then I want to use some of these stickers from Erin Condren. I might be using some of these as well. These are just like more of the travel ones also from Erin Condren. I'm not sure which ones I want to use first. I don't know. We're going to figure it out. We are going to figure it out. However, I need a different pen because this is a marker and it's going to bleed through the pages. Even though I don't use the other pages it's going to drive me a little nuts. So let me get a new marker that won't bleed. All right. The closest thing to me was this. This is the PaperMate ink joint gel pen in the 07. I believe it's linked below. So that's what's going to happen. So I think we're going to do a similar layout as last time. But you know, whatever. I'm going to put my bills right here. And I like to just list my bills. Just makes my life easier. So I kind of know what's going on. I'll put my budget like this. Oh, just to let you guys know, this book, if you are so interested, is an Aaron Condren. But it is the monthly, sorry, deluxe monthly planner. I always get that like inverted. I always say monthly deluxe, but it's the deluxe monthly planner. And the nice thing about it here, I'll use this next month here, is we have like the July pages here. You have a month view and then you've got some notes pages and then it goes right in to August. So it's like way, way smaller than the regular life planners. So if you're someone that just really wants a month of you and then some notes pages, this is a great alternative for you. I can't talk today. Alternative. Oh my gosh. It's a great alternative for you if you don't want all of the weekly pages. But I like to use it for my budget. Just makes my, you know, makes my brain turn a little bit better. So let me put in all of the information that I need to, and I'll flip through this because this is going to be boring stuff. All right. So here are all my basic set expenses. Let me zoom you in a little bit so you can see a little bit better. There are a couple of them on here that are estimates. So my house payment is 451.38. My HOA is $158. My gas is $28. My water is always an estimate of $54. It ranges between like 53 to 56 or something like that. So whatever. My Colligan is $32.65. My electrical is an estimate. I did bump it up a little bit from last month just because it has been really warm here. So I've been running my air conditioning. So that is going to be a little bit higher this month. It hasn't been running all the time obviously, but you know, it's just running a little bit more. My garbage is a set expense at $17.85. My Wi-Fi and cable is $114.60. My cell phone bill is $88.52. My auto insurance is $85.42. My Cobra, which is my health insurance, is $315.09. And then my Netflix is $11.75. So let's calculate all these things and then we'll stick her in. So we are at $1,442.26. So let's put that bad boy in. Oh, whoops. I kind of messed up. I was kind of trying to go off the format I did last month, so let's change this up a little bit. All right, I'm just going to use a sticker and cover that up. See? Everybody makes mistakes. All right, we'll put that in there. This is going to be the final total calculation. I forgot. I wanted to do it a little bit differently this time. All right, so I want to put my total down at the bottom here. All right, so as for my fuel and grocery, which is kind of like the things that I tend to not overspend, I overspend in grocery for sure. That's my trigger point. I think a lot of people have that issue with food and then fuel, whatever. It's just kind of, it is what it is. So let's put that in there. And fuel is going up quite a bit, but I'm still going to stay at $100. Mainly because I still am not working outside the home.  And then for grocery, usually I budget like $50 a week or so, but I am going on vacation to Alaska. So I don't think I'm going to have that much for my grocery budget. I think I'm going to budget like $150 this month. And then that's it. I don't think I want to do more than that because I won't be here for two weeks, which will be really, really fun and really, really good. So yeah. All right. And then the fun part begins. Ta-da Alaska. So let's put in some Alaska budgeting. And this one, I think I'm going to get some cash out for. So I'm going to use my little like get your cash money out honey kind of sticker here. So the actual cruise is already paid for. However, I still need, well, which is the thing that isn't paid for yet are the excursions. So like I said, my mom is the one that's kind of orchestrating this. So she's estimating that it's going to be around $650 for each person for the excursions. So I'm going to get that written in here. It could be a little higher. It could be a little bit lower. And then I'm just going to put down like cash. Basically that's going to be just like miscellaneous money. Like if I want to buy something or I don't know, because all of our other stuff on the ship is paid for. And yeah, I don't know. I mean, I'm not going to buy a ton of souvenirs, but I will want to have that leniency if I need, you know, some cash. So let's get this all totaled up. And I'm going to use one of these little travel stickers from Erin Condren because why not? And it's super cute. Travel around the globe, y'all. Travel around that globe. As for all of my bills for the month of June is going to be $2,442.26. I don't really have anything else that's coming up that I can think of. Oh, you know what? I do. I've got Doyle's stuff. Dang it. Okay. Hold on. Doyle's going to get his own category. And then we're going to, we're going to mess with that again. This is what happens. I like mess up all the time, you guys. All right. So Doyle, his vet visit. It's hard to determine how much his vet visit is, but I'm just going to say it's going to be $100. It's just his annual exam. And then he needs his prescription. So that's usually around $80. Let's get Doyle figured out. I would hate to be doing this and editing and going, Oh no, I forgot Doyle. I hope he doesn't hear that. He'll be very upset with me if he hears that. Whoops. So let's, let's redo this again.  All right. Let's put another, we'll put a sticker on a sticker. Just like epic layering. Yes. Here we go. Oh, whoopsy-dupsy. It's all right. So now my monthly total is $2,622.26. I actually also have these really cute little stickers. I got them off of Etsy. I think you can just buy them at some like shops and stuff too of these cute little shebas.  All right. So that is my budget for June 2018. I hope you guys enjoyed the video. If you did, make sure to give it a good old thumbs up. Feel free to subscribe if you'd like. I will leave my money talk playlist below, which is the playlist that I use for all of my budgeting content and all of my financial content. So if you're interested in anything else, feel free to check out that link and watch if you'd like, but I'm going to let you guys go for now. Thank you so much for watching and I will see y'all in the next video. Bye guys.


A household refrigerator with a coefficient of performance of 1.2 removes heat from the refrigerated space at a rate of 60 kilojoules per minute. Determined first, the electrical power consumed by the refrigerator, and then the rate of heat transfer rejected to the kitchen air. After that, I want to know what is the theoretical maximum coefficient of performance that could occur if the refrigerator was operating between temperatures of 2 degrees Celsius and 22 degrees Celsius. While I recognize from the problem statement that I have a refrigeration cycle, I am consuming work to move heat transfer in a way that it would not naturally be driven from a cool refrigerated space to a warmer kitchen environment. I know that the high temperature side, which is the kitchen air, is 22 degrees Celsius, and I know that the inside of the refrigerator is about 2 degrees Celsius. So you can think of the low temperature side as being the refrigerator box itself, and the high temperature side as being the ambient kitchen air. The refrigeration cycle sits on the back of the device and pushes heat from the inside of the refrigerator to the kitchen air. I know that the coefficient of performance of this system is 1.2, and because it's operating in a cooling mode, that's going to be a COPR, because the cooling side of it is the side that I care about. Remember, I could take the same cycle and stick it out my patio door and make it operate as a heating system. I mean if the door of the fridge were open and it were taking up the entire patio door and the inside section of the fridge were pointed out and the back of the fridge were pointed into my kitchen, I mean theoretically it is operating as a heating device. It is pulling heat out of the outside air, pushing it into my kitchen. Granted, it's a terrible heater, but it is a heater. Also, with a coefficient of performance of 1.2, it's also a terrible fridge, but that's besides the point. I know that my coefficient of performance of a refrigeration cycle operating in refrigerating mode is the proportion of heat transferred in to the network in, and I know that it is removing heat from the refrigerated space at a rate of 60 kJ per minute. So that's giving me Q.in. The first thing I asked was the electric power consumed by the refrigerator. So that's asking for network in. To figure that out, I can take Q.in divided by COPR. That number again was 60 kJ per minute, and my COPR was 1.2. I didn't ask for a specific unit in this example problem, but let's say that I wanted to know the electrical power in kilowatts. Well, a kilowatt is a kilojoule per second, so I have to convert from seconds to minute. There are one minute in 60 seconds. So if I take 60 divided by 60 and take that result, which is 1 divided by 1.2, I will get my electrical power, which is 0.833 kilowatts. The next question asks, what is the rate of heat transferred to the kitchen air? Well, if I'm pulling in electrical power at a rate of 0.83 kilowatts, and I'm pulling in heat at a rate of 60 kJ per minute, and the only place that that can go is heat transfer out, then my heat transfer out is going to be the network in plus the Q.in. That comes from an energy balance on the kitchen refrigerator itself. I didn't ask for a unit again, so just to be antagonistic, let's say that I wanted to know the rate of heat transferred to the kitchen air at a rate of kJ per minute. So now I have to take our shiny new kilowatts and convert that back into kJ per minute. A kilowatt is a kJ per second, and there are 60 seconds in one minute, then I add 60 to that number, and I get 110. The last thing I asked for was the theoretical maximum coefficient of performance that could occur if this refrigerator was acting between a 2-degree refrigerated space, so TL is 2 degrees, and a 22-degree Celsius kitchen, so TH is 22 degrees. Well, we can use that equation we came up with earlier, COPRmax, which comes from when we treat the refrigeration cycle as a Carnot refrigerator, is going to be 1 over TH over TL minus 1. So we're plugging in 22 degrees Celsius for TH, again we have to convert that to Kelvin, and 2 degrees Celsius refrigerated space, and we get a theoretical maximum of 13.75. So the theoretical maximum coefficient of performance that could occur if a perfect device were operating between these two temperatures is 13.758. Because our actual COP is less than the theoretical maximum, that means that our device is possible, we can also conclude that there are a lot of opportunities for improvement. This is not a very good refrigeration system.


Since we are at the last week of the course, it is important to reflect on the learnings and concepts we learnt in the previous weeks, so that we can make connections between them. Yes, I agree. Also making connections between the newly learnt concepts and the earlier known concepts is an important exercise. So in week one, we looked at how a relatively large software like Amazon is built. It is made up of several interworking modules. And this concept is known as modularization. Modularization is used to divide a software system into multiple independent and co-working modules. These modules are capable of carrying out the desired functionalities and they form the basic building blocks for the entire software. Also in week one, we learnt about the different phases and the software development models. So learners, here is a question for you. Why didn't we learn about the various phases in software design and the development models? Pause the video, write your answer in the notebook and resume. Software development does not start immediately with programming and creating a software. It begins with understanding the needs of the end user, creating a plan, verifying it and then implementing it using a programming language. After creating the software, we test it and then deploy it at the customer's end. So software development is a systematic process of problem solving. Yes, you are right. The software development phases are broad and could be done iteratively and in many different ways. So that is why it is important for software developers to know and understand these phases and processes. We also compared and contrasted software design with design in other domains, specifically architecture. Yes, the abstract and intangible nature of software adds to the complexity in software design and development. However, there are similarities in the design processes across the domains, much like the steps to problem solving. In V2 and V3, we created software design models using the FBS design framework and the UVMA diagrams. How do these models map to the software development phases and the processes? Yes, that is an important question. We will discuss this in detail in the next video.


Hi Asian penguins, congratulations on an amazing year bringing Linux to others and learning more about open source The world is truly a better place with you in it working to improve the lives of others and improving your own life in the process Remember how special this time has been and keep it up. Have a great summer from everyone here at opensource.com


from San Francisco, extracting the signal from the noise. It's theCUBE, covering Console Connect Live 2015. Sponsored by Console, there's your host, John Furrier. Okay, welcome back everyone. We are live here in San Francisco for Console Connect Live 2015. This is theCUBE's SiliconANGLE Media Flagship Program. We go out to the events and extract the signal and noise. I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE. Jeff Frick, a dinner manager at CUBE Operations. Our next guest is Tyler Coates, director of Ethernet Product Management at Xeo Group. Welcome to theCUBE. Yeah, that's a mouthful. Love the title. Ethernet Product Management. We love more Ethernet. Ethernet's good. Exactly. Ethernet's a good thing. So tell us about what you guys do and why you're here. Yeah, absolutely. So the focus is just on my role, and I'll tell a little bit about Xeo as well. So Ethernet is essentially, it's a technology or protocol to move data or traffic from one endpoint to another. And Xeo is kind of a founder, not a founder, but was founded in 2007 to provide infrastructure services to businesses, right? So bandwidth infrastructure services. So we build a lot of fiber in the ground, and then we support, not only that, we support fiber to cell phone towers, and then we also operate kind of wavelengths and IP networks and Ethernet networks over the top of that fiber, right? Domestically and in Europe, and that's kind of the general idea of what Xeo does and what I do. So I manage our layer two portfolio for Xeo, and that's a lot of things, I wear a lot of hats. So what's the big bandwidth constraint right now in fiber and interconnection? You mentioned fiber to the tower or something that you guys provide. Yeah, absolutely. That's carriers, anyone who knows cell phones knows that LTE is faster than regular, they have different carries of different speeds and feeds. Some have more towers than others, but in the day it's still got to go across the internet. Yeah, I think there's a lot of historical trends, right? And historical trends where data was transmitted over electrical signals on copper wires, right? That has a finite ability to scale. And what the industry has moved on to is a fiber-based backbone and a fiber-based infrastructure. This is widespread, this is names you heard of, this is not only that, but it's content companies as well, right? So it's the Googles and the Apples, they're also building these networks to support this bandwidth growth. It comes at the hands of video, high resolution, high definition, high resolution, high definition kind of internet or websites or all the things that everybody's doing on their phone or at home streaming live TV through something like Sling. All of that is essentially where bandwidth demands are going and the old infrastructure doesn't support that, right? So that's where XEO and not to say that fiber's that new, right? It's not, it's 20 years old in terms of really big adoption, but it's becoming more and more available and accessible throughout the U.S. and even Europe and in the world. And I would imagine going further and further and further away from the backbone, getting closer and closer to the last mile is more and more the infrastructure's swapped out of copper and swapped in with the fiber. Yeah, that's a good point exactly, right? And you can build core networks on fiber, but where XEO is coming in is we're building the last mile, in particular to enterprise in and to kind of business relationships, right? That last mile hasn't quite made it to all of the consumers yet, but when it comes to cell phone towers and all of the upgrades that you had mentioned, John, and all of those things that we're doing, that's where fiber's coming in, is it's going to help build the scalability of networks and the scalability of bandwidth demands as more and more consumers want it. So talk about the dynamics of console. Why is that so hot right now? What do you like about it? You guys announced part of the partner program. What's going on? Yeah, so for me, console's a great opportunity for enterprises and businesses to access XEO's network in a very simplified means, right? And one of the resounding themes of today is it can be difficult to build networks. It can be manual. It can be an awful process, right? And a certain talent shortage out there too. Exactly, right? And definitely a certain talent shortage or certain kind of people who are capable of operating those networks and building and configuring them. So it's important that we take those things and we evolve into a measure that allows consumers and enterprises and businesses to all come together and approach and connect to each other. And that's where console comes into play. There's always going to be a physicality to networks and infrastructure. That's where XEO comes into play. But having the ability through software, through network kind of virtualization, you can actually kind of bridge that gap between the physicality of what XEO's doing and putting in the ground to what console's doing in building and bringing enterprises together, right? So that's what we're excited to be a part of and that's where we're going to take this to kind of the next steps with console. Good. Well, I mean, I'm thinking right now, what I hear is that the big constraint right now is network engineering.  There's not enough people out there. I mean, there's network engineers out there, as we get to large scale, high speed throughput, SLA, security, it's all kind of coming together. You just pure play network. You got DDoS attacks. You got low latency. And stuff's going more real-time than ever before. Yeah, well, and what we're seeing is, and we have products that align with this, but what we're seeing very much so is that public IP has limitations, right? It's not transparent. It is not scalable to the same levels as a fixed wire that you own or a fixed point end, right? It is scalable, but not at those same levels. And it's not as secure, right? So what happens when you see those BGP attacks or the DDoS attacks or anything that's affecting your network? That's where layer two and even layer one in dark fiber come into play is you own those, right? So Consul's taking all of those essentially risks of your business when you put things into the cloud or put things away from your own data center or your own firewall. When you move them outside of that, Consul's kind of taking a lot of that risk and saying, well, here's an easy way that you can still make those connections, but don't make them through the public internet. You're going to make them through a fixed line connection, if you will, right? So that's what we're really excited to be a part of. What's the biggest bottleneck? I mean, we always joke on the Cube about the network's the bottleneck. Got virtualization out there, all these new technologies happening, DevOps, it seems to be running over the top, software, applications, media. It's just across the board from apps to web consumption. But as you get down into the network, that seems to be the bottleneck. What's the bottleneck? I think there's a few things. And one is that it's not that simple, but from an engineering technical perspective, it's not that simple. The other is that there still is a physicality to these networks, right? And so you have to think through, how do you make those physical connections occur when you're looking at these essentially logical thoughts of putting something into the cloud, right? To a lot of consumers, the cloud is a mysterious thing, right, and to guys like me, you hear the word and it drives you crazy because it's a buzzword, right? And people who misuse it or misinterpret it, but the reality is, is that businesses are putting functions of their business, whether it's ERP systems or storage or DR or whatever it may be, they're putting these into the cloud. Or these are actually just resources that help enable their business, help them sell to consumers, help them support consumers, help manage that relationship. And as those become more and more critical and more and more what I'll say revenue impacting, it's important that we don't get held up by the physicality, the capital considerations, and we build the right bridges that enable those seamlessly and easily. It's an interesting comment because part of the whole promise of the cloud, right, is that it's flexible, right? And it can expand out when you need it and you can compress it back down to when you don't need it. And they seem to have gotten that pretty figured out in terms of compute.  But then as you say though, in the networking side, it is physical connection. So how's the industry kind of adapting to this really demand to be able to expand and contract kind of on demand based on whatever the kind of the workload demands are? That's actually a great question. And I'll give my small plug of why that's a great question is you're exactly right. And networks do not align with the cloud today, right? So cloud services are fully scalable. They are essentially available as and when needed. So consumers don't get caught holding these large capital bills and capital considerations to supply their 100% portfolio of when they have demand. They can actually supply it for the 20% that's the usual and then when they have those peak traffic demands they can scale up for holiday seasons or whatever it may be, right? Right, right. So what Zeo is doing on that front is we've built a product called Flex Connect. Flex Connect is essentially an as and when needed product. And the way that we're doing it is we understand there's a capital, there's a physicality, there's build in order to support flex, or support networks. But what we've done is we already have this great big expansive wonderful network, right? So we've chosen selectively what we believe are the highest criticality of destination. So these are enterprise data centers. These are cloud providers, right? So these are azures, AWSs. These are essentially any carrier hotels, right? So these are where we believe customers are taking their inner office materials, bringing it back to these data centers, right? So we've created a model that aligns with that scalability in that our customers can come in, put in ports at any of those locations for essentially no cost, very low cost. And then they can use bandwidth as needed on demand and we build them for usage. So if they don't use it, the only cost they have is a very, very small port fee and maybe a cross connect with their data center, right? So, and it's not term limited, right? So that's what we've built to kind of help bridge that gap in what we're doing in the market to help align with that scalability of cloud. What's the event like here for the folks watching who aren't here, it's intimate events, growing industry, but it's nuance. It's not like an Apple event where box news and CNBCs here. I mean, it's a bunch of networking guys who are thought leaders building on a new market segment. Absolutely. So what's the vibe here? What's some of the content? What can you share about this event that folks watching now and on demand? Yeah, you know, I think they've done a really nice job with the event, right? And as you stated, it's not an Apple launch event. It's not a $700 billion company. I don't know what it's at today, but around that range, right? But at the same time, I think the people in the industry who understand what console's trying to do, it's not the first time somebody's tried to do peer-to-peer relationships or any of these concepts, but what they've done is they've built it in the right software-defined environment and the right kind of enablement tool for end users and for customers. And so, you know, the attitude at the event, I believe, supports that. You know, a lot of the people backstage believe they've taken this further than anybody else. It's not a B2B exchange, remember we've seen those before, like app exchanges, dating exchanges. This is pure hardcore plumbing networking. Exactly, but the consequences are pretty important. For people who get it right, people who have large networks, their rewards are pretty significant. Can you quantify that? I don't know if I can just give some color to the magnitude. I mean, there's no Apple event without the network. It was exactly right. And what I would say is that every equipment vendor has a play in SDN or NFB, right? So every single equipment vendor has that play and is trying to get into this market. At the same time, you know, the carriers have to get on board to build all these networks and connections, but the enterprise space needs to also align with that. So from a quantification or quantity, I would say that it's, if and when it's successful, it will be very valuable to enterprises and businesses, carriers alike, because we're working on a project to bring everybody together in a simple way. Now, getting all of that on board is the hard part, and I think that's what this event's all about. Final question for you, Tyler. What is this going, what do you see this going? The console value coverage in the industry around open source, you know, open router project, human capital scaling with the kind of social component here, what's the big up? What's the big future look like for these guys? Yeah, I think the future is when and how it's, the future to me is instant gratification, right? It's being able to make connections through your locations seamlessly, efficiently, and live, right? So now doing that takes a lot of work and a lot of effort that console's been putting into. And they've taken this further than anybody else has. And the next step is, and the next evolution is to get buy-in and get consumers utilizing it and using it. And you could tell from the event today that the likes of Box and LinkedIn and Microsoft Azure, I mean, the big names in the industry that are doing these type of things and trying to make these relationships, they're here today, right? And they're having these discussions. They're serious, they want SLA based hardcore button down transport. Exactly, I mean, all of these things are going to improve.  The way it works today is customer comes to us and says, I need to connect these three, four locations. We say, okay, we build it, we install it, and we provide them that link, right? In this instance, they have one connection to console. They come to Zeo. Zeo's already got all those other connections and they say, hey, just bring up those four locations. So I got to ask one more final, final questions. Kind of go back to the, you know, it's a good interview when we're back to two final questions. Stu Miniman at Wikibon are on our research team and Brian Gracie covering cloud and SDN pretty deep. We should try to get you connected with them because one, they'll love your title. Ethernet product management. That long-winded wordy title. Ethernet product management, that's a great title. We love it because there's all kinds of gigabit ethernet and all kinds of stuff going on in and around the ethernet segment. But this is really evolving into the cloud. I want to ask about the ecosystem. This is small right now. This console, this ecosystem of partners. You're one of them. I mean, it's our slew of press releases going out this morning. If you go on Google and search cloud, connect live, you'll see at least a dozen press releases from partners. They have an open source component. This is an early Docker-like phenomenon in my mind. You're seeing kind of a core community come together. What's your take on that? How do you view that? And what would you share to folks watching that said, hey, I'm looking for some collaboration. I'm looking for a vibe to connect into this new ecosystem. Well, there's something in being a thought leader and working through being the first to step out on the ledge and say, I'm interested and I want to do that, right? And that's something that I've been working through with console and something that we're very excited about is that this has the potential to really separate everything else that builds connectivity for end users, right? And we're excited to really be a part of that. And you know what? When you say there's a small niche group of people who are involved, at least day one, at the same time, bringing a company like Xeo or even a Google, the amount of options that we bring to the table from a network perspective, a connectivity perspective, we have over 500 data centers on net. We have over 17,000 buildings on net in our network, right? So bringing a company like Xeo, who has very dense big assets and being a part of console for us, gives us access as an early adopter into the enterprises that are going to buy in and start utilizing the service. Tyler, thanks for sharing your insight in theCUBE here. Appreciate it, we're live in San Francisco for console connect live 2015 to theCUBE. Be right back with more after this short break.


Hello in this lecture we're going to continue on with our master budget and we're going to move on to the budgeted income statement at this point so quick recap once. First a word from our sponsor. Yeah actually we're sponsoring ourselves on this one because apparently the merchandisers they don't want to be seen with us but but that's okay whatever because our merchandise is is better than their stupid stuff anyways like our CPA six pack shirts a must have for any pool or beach time mixing money with muscle always sure to attract attention yeah even if you're not a CPA you need this shirt so you can like pull in that iconic CPA six pack stomach muscle vibe man you know that CPA six pack everyone envisions in their mind when they think CPA you know as a CPA I actually and unusually don't have tremendous abs however I was blessed with a whole lot of belly hair yeah allowing me to sculpt the hair into a nice CPA six pack like shape which is highly attractive yeah maybe the shirt will help you generate some belly hair too and if it does make sure to let me know maybe I'll try wearing it on my head and yes I know six pack isn't spelled right but three letters is more efficient than four so I trimmed it down a bit okay it's an improvement if you would like a commercial free experience consider subscribing to our website at accounting instruction dot com or accounting instruction dot think of it dot com scan we're gonna go through the whole thing here just this does have to be done in order if we break it down into its pieces it's not too bad but we do have to start off with a sales budget then a production budget raw materials budget direct labor budget factory overhead budget selling expense budget general administrative budget and then we had some cash worksheets to help us out with the cash budget and then we did the cost of goods manufactured budget and now we're going to scroll down to the cost of goods sold budget those two items are going to be needed in order for us basically just to get that number on cost of goods sold for us to calculate on our income statement which is where we are at now now of course an income statement is basically income and expenses we're going to start off with income called sales in this case so we got total sales and we're going to pull that from up above so we're going to say this equals and we're going to scroll all the way up top to where we had the sales number all the way up here that's that one million four four seven two of sales that we will have then we're going to calculate the next number will be the cost of goods sold i'm just going to say this equals what the cost of goods sold is up there where we calculated it on the cost of goods sold calculation and that will then equal what we calculated up here this one million one ninety one eight sixty five we have there and then the sales minus the cost of goods sold will be the growth i'm going to undo that undo that that'll be the gross profit and we're going to subtract that out so our cost goods sold is kind of like our main expense so we're going to say this minus the big expense that's expense related to basically inventory and then we then are going to scroll down to the next set of items those items are going to be operating expenses expenses colon and we're going to start off with sales commission sales commission is going to be an expense and it's not included in the production process it's not up here it's going to be down here and kind of like the period cost generally and so we're going to say that equals and we're going to scroll up to the area where we calculated the sales items so we have the sales commission here and it's going to be the sum of all of those so i'm going to just k equals the sum of the sales commission for july august september we also could have got it from the cash flow budget because we did pay cash for this so it would be on the cash flow budget as well then we're going to have the sale salary sales salaries and we're going to say the same thing and say this equals and once again we could take it from from the sales budget as well but i'm going to go back up here to our i mean we could take it from the cash flow budget as well but i'm going to go up to this area again to the sales budget and say it's equals the sum of the july august and september information so we're talking about the quarter here so we're going to say enter and then we have the general and admin general administrative salaries general administrative salaries so we're going to say equals i'm going to scroll up to the general administrative and again we paid cash for it so that would be on the cash budget but i'm going to go to the general and administrative salaries which is the sum of these 11 000 so i'm going to say this equals the sum of the july august and september and actually i have a total column over here but we could have done it either way it's the 33 000 33 000 and then we've got the long-term note interest that is of course an expense being that it's on the income statement i'm going to say that equals and i'm actually going to pull that from the cash flow statement so we had the long term five thousand a month i'm just going to pick up that 15 right there instead of going all the way up and then we've got interest expense we'll call it short term note interest we also had another note maybe we had that smaller note and that was the just the 120 here because we paid it off remember after the first month so the only expense we have on that is the 120 we paid in july and that will then give us our total operating expense so this number we will pull out to the outside here and we're going to sum up this column so we're going to sum up the left hand column the operating expenses so this equals the sum of and we're going to take the 130 248 down to the 120 adding those up giving us the 188 868 we could underline this want home tab over here underline if we so choose and that will give us the net income before tax so we'll tab over here net income before taxes is going to be the gross profit well we had sales after cost could sold gross profit minus the other operating expenses and note that we always calculate taxes at the end because income taxes kind of throw things off because they obviously go up as net income goes up income before taxes go up and we said that there was a tax rate if we look at their data of 35 percent so we're just going to take this number here 66467 times 0.35 and that's going to be how much tax we pay now notice that 35 percent is a flat tax it's a simplified type of tax we often have to do that in real life there's a progressive tax which is much more complicated to do a budget on so oftentimes we'll we'll estimate a flat tax when we're when we're doing an estimate such as this so we're going to say this equals the 66467 minus the tax then and that will give us the 43204


Welcome to my talk about the public domain project stream Okay My name is Christoph Zimmerman. I'm from Switzerland and I'm in the public domain project. I'm the Serra administrator and Mainly the guy for all technical questions computer related or any other technology involved and the public domain project essentially is about Collecting and digitizing music and bring them to all the interested people who are interested in in music and and In a way for us it is very natural to do that and in the Linux and open source community. It's very natural Idea to do that, but unfortunately in the professional world of archives and libraries it It should be a usual way of thinking and the normal thing they do in their every day every day job But unfortunately, it's not that Great at the moment the situation. So we try To help in this situation and go forward with a good example how we think modern archive or or library should work and should step Leap forward to the users so Yeah, as I said, we are focused on Digitizing music so our intended audience are of course music listeners music historians academic world that is interested in interpretation history, but of course all private people collecting music interested in listening to music or of course in In the case here at the Linux audio conference where we have a lot of active Musicians they are also interested in music. They can freely use for their own works as a base form to get samples from it or as a as models to To model physical correct Virtual instruments out of very old Instruments where you only have old recordings as as a reference to as a basis for your model for example and there are Of course a lot of other use cases where I can use music that is freely Rehabil and usable in the internet like just simple background music in some holiday movies and all that kind of stuff that's Otherwise gets somehow deleted also by all people cannot watch it because they see it is little Warning signs that says yeah, you are not allowed to see this in this country You can easily avoid that when you use for example music from our platform or Other platforms that provide free to use music so this brings me unfortunately to a more Euristic hillside of my talk I have to talk about what does free actually mean in this context When I mean free I speak about free as in freedom and In this sense, we have to talk about the copyright laws that are and in power in in a lot of countries and We were talk about works General term about it in the copyright law is always a work and it means any creative Thing so we we don't have different rules for for images or paintings or music productions the all of them is is a work and Work a creative work is automatically Under the copyright law and you gain some Monopol for some for a certain time and After a certain time your you you you as a creative person you you you Lose your rights on on your work. That's that's true in all Copyright laws that are in in force at the moment that at some time in the future you you lose your your rights and when this time frame Exhausted your work enters the so-called public domain That that's the correct legal meaning of the public domain. It's In that case in that saying the opposite of copyright when it is public domain. It cannot be In the copyright and as I said copyright is in every country time limited and For the German speaking people or from German speaking areas in The correct the legally correct term in German would be gemeinfrei Very seldom known word, but that's that's the correct term for it. So when I say Different copyright laws What you should remember of this picture that it is colorful Every color stands for a certain Set of rules that apply to Copyright terms. I only speak now about how long a certain work is protected under In these countries and as you see every color means a different time frame the The copyright law is in force So this makes it for us quite complicated To to make sure that the works we digitize and upload they are really free to use But it should be our job to do this complicated work. So you should not care about yourself. You Should come to our platform and be sure. Yeah, I download that and use it that's more In that sense more more background information how we What we have to do our work in the background and As I said, I'm from Switzerland. So also our servers are located in Switzerland and That means that we have to follow the Swiss rules and That means at the moment that we have to wait 70 years after the death of of all the authors of a certain work until we can release it and Together also 50 years after the first publication of a certain work Of course, it would be also possible that copyright holders Give the license to us that we can freely use it. So for example the CC by all the Public domain license from the creative Commons framework would be suitable When a all top lies that license to it to a certain work then we would Be very happy to it to include it in in our You know archive so here a short example how it Looks like what what we have to What kind of information we have to get from a certain work? to make sure that it is really usable I chosen here the Everybody knows the song happy happy birthday to you. Please don't sing it I explain now why To know the copyright status of this work you have to know for the copyright itself who has written it and in this case The melody of this track was written by by two sisters patty hill and miller chair hill and After they wrote the melody for for Completely different kind of song it was used together with different lyrics for the happy birthday song So for the melody itself, it's only Interested to when patty hill and will be milled wood hill died In this case we have two co-authors So it means that we have to wait 70 years after the death of the longest living Author so in this case it was patty hill and she died in 1946 so that means in the in Switzerland and the European Union the copyright of This track will expire on the 1st January of 2017. So Please don't sing that song yet because you still have to pay royalties for that Even if I have my birthday today, I still ask don't sing Then in the copyright law you have also the so-called neighbouring rights. These are all the rights concerning the labels and manufacturers of the of the records and for this we have to know when the work was first published and And This story is for this example more more complicated Because no one knows for sure when the first version With this melody and the change lyrics really appeared the first time it Historians say it is sure that it was released before 1911 So that's that's fine for us in the you know in the European Union The story in the United States is very complicated. They changed a lot. There are rules in in the field of copyright law and As it is a very popular song and also economically interesting It went to court to to decide to see For sure how how the status of this this work is and the good news is it's also expired in the United States so At first of January in the new year's eve the next time start singing Right after the after midnight Could be a good joke to do and to explain other people why you are singing it and Celebrate that this great folk song we all know and it for a lot of us It is important that it is finally in the public domain at the next New Year's Eve So So I will come back to to our project what we are doing the first some Some facts what we we achieved in the last years we Talk to a few call a record collectors and already gained about 50,000 physical records, so I don't Ask a lot of collectors anymore because it's a It's a bit a hurdle to handle so many records already in a small in a quite small project We have Only one statistics from Wikimedia Commons for one month But it was quite impressive what we got back from from Wikimedia that we have around 40,000 downloads and Wikimedia Commons each month For just only around 900 files that we have uploaded to Commons, so that's that's really nice nice achievement And then yeah, we are around 8 to 15 Active or more or less active people So this is the entry page of our our project where you can see what parts our project consists of of course we have The the main part where you can download our stuff and browse through our files and Then we have all the online radio station where we use our own digitized music to make radio channels out of it Then we have different language versions of our wiki where we try to collect information about Artists musicians lyricists Conductors and all that stuff that we need for ourselves to to provide and There it is the in the background of the project there is a Non-profit foundation that we have based in Switzerland Yeah Now going a bit deep on the technical stuff. I mean I'm here at the Linux audio conference I have to talk about technical stuff not legal stuff And I go shortly through our digitizing process How are we do it at the moment and you see a quite new photo of our current office in Syrac? Very of a nice bonzo. It gives us place we can use First we clean our Our records and then we digitize them were with a laser turntable Come back in detail to to these steps afterwards and we export that Stuff as flock files and then we do the complicated copyright investigations and then we upload it to to our own platform and to wiki media comments Here you have see two examples why you should clean your records, especially when they are 80 years old or 90 years old stored in unknown places So Yeah, we clean our records with the Keith monks record cleaning machine It was purpose-built for archival use so you can also Clean records that are bigger in size than 12 inches for example, which are have been used in radio studios then when we have proper clean records we use our Japanese laser turntable to digitize them if it is possible it is a great machine With a great Output resolution and then it's really handy to work with but it has some certain limitations for some certain special old records for example, there are you have single-sided Edison discs very thick and only single-sided and You cannot digitize them with our laser turntable because of the thickness the laser is just unable to focus on this On these records another problem would be Colorful disc it's only able to to digitize black records No, so no picture discs and yes also on shellac records. You have picture discs The door it was already invented in in the 30s 40s something It is great Machine we we are very proud to have one and we are still proud That Wikimedia Germany bought us one of these machines As I said we digitize all our stuff in lost lost luck files and We shoot with cannons to two small Two little birds by digitizing 80 year old records with 24 bits and 192 kilohertz Just to have as much information out of this is all the records and see what we can do with this this detailed information And then as I said and explained then we are doing the the copyright investigation and during this step we also add all the The nice to know metadata to our files like Yeah, of course and on the record itself You can see who who was the right of this song But a lot of time the lewis is dismissing and you don't know the release date and you would like to know in a live performance where it was Where it was first played so we gather all this information to the get them and Yeah, that's one example how it looks like in the end in our wiki front end Where you see what what kind of information we collect on our information You also see that we make pictures of the of the labels of the record so you can also Browse browse through this and here the important information You see for Different areas how the copyright status is And as you see in the international area there are some countries with longer protection timeframes so But this is a pretty good example you can use more or less all over the world Yeah, and then we upload it to our own Storage servers which are also located in syric With a great sponsor and we also upload it to wikimedia commons So if you are used to search for your music or samples on wikimedia commons, you are probably Find also all our stuff down yeah, and I attend of course the linux audio conference because we use a lot of open source and a project like us wouldn't be Wouldn't had any chance to be possible without All the great open source that's that's outside. So that's also one reason I'm here to thank you if you are Involved in any coding any documentation any project that helps us and the others and Yeah, and also to to say again that That I am doing a great project I'm very very happy what I'm doing, but I couldn't have done all of this without This help of thousand other people So what kind of open source we use on a daily basis? So as I said, we use media wiki as a front-end so more or less and to organize a lot of stuff Then we have all the Yeah, a lot of stuff, you know, and then we have a lot of server systems. You also know a patchy and Statistical stuff and all the virtual machine management stuff and and it all runs really really great I mean we have 2016 and you really can rely on that on your on your daily work on highly loaded sites And it wouldn't be possible without without all these these Background stuff. I mean a GCC. It's I don't know if anybody here is able to To to write the compiler by himself, but you all need one. So thanks for that Then as I said, that's the more interesting part for for your audio guys here We run our own online radio stations. Of course, we use also free free and open source in this for this purpose Just a short diagram how online radio works if you don't know that already Think so a lot of a lot of you will do You have somewhere a studio source Nowadays, it's don't has to be a studio anymore This source creates one stream with the music you would like to distribute to your users Then you have the the streaming server, which is actually Handling all the user requests And the internet radio stream itself will be multiplied for each user. So it's a simple It's just a multi The multicast it's a Unicast System it's not multicast and not broadcast. So online radio needs a lot of bandwidth compared to what it Should use if you could be able to use multicast in a local local network But that's not the problem anymore nowadays where we have Yeah, believe in the time of video streaming though online radios are getting very cheap now So that's how the system works in our case in the background we use for For the streaming servers we use icecast to very well known project quite old Also nowadays, but it's running Very solid You have uptimes of two years with this project without any problems It also provides still Streams to shoutcast servers because it's still the most popular radio platform to to attract users and We provide our streams in open formats like or corpus and then also in the Common user known formats like mp3 and they AC plus but of course we always use open source encoders for this proprietary format and To generate the whole stream and automate what music is played we use liquid soap That's a very great project from France written in OCaml and it's kind of scripting language to do all to your Manipulation so for you, it's very common to think in in data streams like you have in in PD or Faust and Liquid soap has the same approach how you how how you handle audio streams you have somewhere Inputs can read files or read Network streams and you manipulate them you add metadata to it you mix them you make crossfades or whatever in modules and then you Plug it into some outputs and the outputs in our case So of course this streaming servers where we feed our audio stream to the ice-cast servers in very select Encoding that should be used and stuff like that Pretty handy it has also some You can use the old Lutz bar plugins with it for example and In the meantime liquid soap is also very stable rock-solid project so Yeah, the last time I saw what crashed was because the Some lock files filled my heart drives and then after three quarter of years It myself was just stopped running and this that was the only problem. I had during one year of So administration with the online radio, then we also have HTML5 front end for the radio now. That's also great based on the open source J player Works also really well Then inside office. We also have Computers to digitize our stuff This workstations are also filled with with open-source software, of course Unfortunately because of some missing drivers for proper high-end audio gear we have to run it on the windows. I Don't like that part, but I have to mention it But that's always the case when you are using long time open source, you know, it's all coming down to to drivers and support of manufacturers for developers who would like to write drivers, so it's In the audio world. I think it's it's still needed that we go to manufacturers of our beloved gear to to punch them again and Punch them every year if we forget it that they should open at least all specs so Yeah, that's about the project and the technical background with it. I Give some small outlook what we are trying to achieve in the in the next In the near and midterm future the midterm future is Mainly due to Extend our community and to extend our reach reach is also by means of of countries We only have an office now in in Zurich where we have a core group Dedicating that that time for to digitizing the stuff But of course that's only focused in in records that we have here in central Europe So we we are collaborating with a project in Uruguay They don't have the recording equipment yet, but they are gaining people and are building up the The needed information about authors from Latin America So they already know the copyright status of the stuff when they will start work on on digitization. That's really good Thing there what they do We are still Wanting of course an archive with control climate for our records We remove them at the moment every half a year a year because we we get a new sponsor or we need a new room for it that's quite bad situation for the for the archive and The more short term Goals are of course get funding. It's a volunteer community based project with fixed costs every month so we have to always be up to try to get get money for that and Then we have also a lot of technical stuff that's not solved yet as I said, we are using media wiki So yeah, how do you work in a media wiki? It's all done by hand. You have to write your own links You nothing is automated at the moment And this has to change of course because of quality stuff and nobody has time to do all manual labor work We would like to make that We would like we all of us would like to have a automated workflow as most as we can go And also on the server backend side. It's at the moment only a simple File storage without any project protection measurements against long-time failures like like beat road or People changing files by accident and stuff. So We need to do a lot of groundwork on on the In the background to have a fault tolerant storage system that these last two parts is all As I'm the technical guy I Haven't found any any people in Fixing these problems for me. So I have to do it myself. So during this year. I'm more or less working full-time on this kind of stuff in that in our project and Yeah, the other part is also to go more out from our project that our files and our Metadata that we generate is more usable for other projects or more usable by other means that So we have to improve our output from from the media wiki that is at the moment optimized to read by humans to be also readable by machine so Search machines can find our stuff better that we can Include our metadata that we generate for example in three music databases like music brains It's very important to bring our research. We do in open open databases. I talked to the music brains guys the So some weeks ago If they are interested in recording information on these old records and they said yeah for sure, but we only have a few Uses who have access to this record. So yeah, we are very happy to To get that information into and the other part is for example, you're piano It's a great project. It's a Meta library of all the European culture cultural content. So a lot of museums and archives are feeding in their catalogs into your piano, so you have one Platform where can search for for interesting paintings musical recordings all all over Europe All right, so it would be for us really great to be also included in this huge catalog Yeah, that brings me more or less To the end of the of the talk Of course, we are volunteer based project. We need a lot of volunteers As a lot of all the projects in this room, I guess I Would like to thank our our partners that the support us for several years now in in different areas in technical areas financial or also in Political areas where we are where we need also help to protect The rules at least on the level we are now or Hopefully getting a bit better, but still to defend the line where we have where we sit now on the on the copyright discussion Then our sponsors who make this possible and yeah, that's mainly what I would like to Explain about the project and hopefully we still have some time for questions Also beside of the technical problems where that's the beginning, but yeah Yeah, you mentioned the image discs Shellac image discs or video discs or something like this picture discs. Yeah when you have a record that That's not black, but it has a nice cobalt Beneath the the surface of the of the record so how does this project relate to archive.org and Who also like publish a lot of public domain content? Yeah Archive.org has has a lot of similarities what we are doing We try to work together with them because they share a lot of the same ideas and then Why not going the same direction together? What I saw on on archive.org that is in my opinion a bit problematic is that They don't have any means of quality control or Review process that at the beginning so you can have a lot of mp3 format files on archive.org In my opinion very problematic Then you have a lot of files with without with only file names as information And then no entries in the meta text of the file so there are more Technical points. I have to discuss with these are with the people from archive.org in direct, but I'm really happy what they are doing and they also have their own digitizing equipment and Offices for that and training people and then that's really great to see. Yeah I'd be interested in I don't know the English terms for it There's the Urheberrecht and the Leistungsschutzrecht and for instance if if an author of Recording is dead for no 70 years or something and it's copyright free. What about a recording that has been done in recently? By someone who actually paid for it so for the Leistungsschutzrechte which then appear Then it is still Protected in the sense that you are not able you are not allowed to use it for For any Commercial use so it means you you are not allowed to remix it. You are not allowed to to stream it in an online radio without the license So do you have to to differ between these two a lot or is it just if it's an Especially with classical music. It's the it's the normal daily case that you have to know all of these things and then it Yeah, I mean Beethoven it is very old very famous and We can only provide online the all the recordings that were made before 1966 In Switzerland in the European Union and that means in Wikimedia Commons We can only provide 70 70 years after the first really so You have to go to go back even 20 years earlier So it's the same time ranges for the copyright and the Leistungsschutzrechte No, because the neighbouring rights they start with the first publication and The time frame for the copyright starts with the death of the oldest author The cake can be very different for for different examples and I So in the world map you saw there was a color for a country for which has no copyright No, which one is this? Yeah, let's see. There it is. I saw it No copyright and unknown Yeah, but that should be For your land, I think that's just the coast But yeah, I looked that up once and no it's done with this is bigger Yeah, that's also possible but Where it is there you have your example up there East of Afghanistan. Can you see it? There you have your example Close to an unknown though in Afghanistan. It's unknown. It was unknown when was this map made It's already some years old So around 2010 or so, I think I don't know if in Afghanistan changed anything in The area of copyright or if they still try to fix all the more important problems there and You mentioned you first do the physical work of digitizing and all that stuff and then you start Researching the copyright why I would expect the other way around At the moment we have no catalog of our collection so at the moment it's really taking out a box and open it and looking what's inside and my my good friend who is doing all the Historical research stuff. He Looks through and selects highly probable candidates to digitize so he uses his Acquired knowledge to select which ones to digitize but it is possible that in the detailed research you find out yeah There is on this specific track an additional lyricists and This one makes it Non-public domain, so we we have this where the front side is is on our servers and the backside we we have to Captain in our place until some ten years or so and we also do it This way because the copyright investigation is a very time-consuming so digitizing I don't care about building robots putting Records on the record cleaning machine and then afterwards directly to a laser player and stuff like that I get this question quite often how why I don't build robots and automate this Kind of things for this huge amount of 50,000 records I mean I am really understand this question, but in the end Digitizing or a record takes half an hour or so including cleaning both sides and All the work in audacity But they are really really lucky if you are done with your copyright investigation after a half an hour so There should be the place to automate stuff Speaking up Are there any any databases that kind of keep track on on well the things that are unknown for you? Do you have like a really? Good go-to place basically for yourself if you try and digitize a record and you're like, oh, okay I have to find out if this is under some sort of copyright in some country or my country or whatever Do you do you I don't know is there something like music brains for instance for for this kind of stuff? Yeah There are several Places you can go most of them academic so my friend is Is heavily using the charm project of of University in the UK That catalogs their own collection and this collection is so huge that it has a lot of interesting information in it for us And of course it it has gaps for our use cases, so If we can we use Wikipedia plus plus the other references that were used that are used on Wikipedia and We also have a big shelf of dead wood To to have a known library of reference books out of this time so there are modern collections like the music in Geschichte und Gegenwart the music encyclopedia in 20 Books we have that for example, but we also have very specialized books on Label XYZ from that that existed only up to 1940 and was bought afterwards and there is a catalog of all matrix Numbers that were released by these labels including the release date the first release that the first release date is a lot of time the most complex Information you to to get because it's not written on the record and Not a lot of people are interested in it, so it's most of time this this Books with list of matrix numbers. They are most of the time bought by archerists and and collectors Collectors who would like to know okay these numbers. I have this one is missing. I have to search this one So but these books are very helpful for us, but also that's Bit of problem for us because we need money to buy this book these specialized books in Sometimes out of print sometimes very expensive and There are digital Versions of these encyclopedias, but they are very expensive to to have licenses with it But that's the other story. I told yeah We try to make our structural data usable for other projects, so We have these books now, so we should try to Reuse that that information in a in a more open more usable sense for for developers and Economics Isn't it copyright on those books then as well on the books you have copyright You don't have copyright on facts So this part of the books that are just facts. We are free to reuse At least in Switzerland I have to Limit this sentence here in Germany because you have here in Germany, so called database Database right and but don't ask me for details about that. We don't have that in Switzerland Yeah, thank you


Adding a PDF to a reference in your library. MNote has a function which enables it to search for PDFs of full text articles and attach them to your references automatically. To do this, highlight the references you want to find using the CTRL A on your keyboard to select all references in your library. Or alternatively, you can right-click on a record to choose just that. From the options that appear, click Find Full Text. If you haven't already that day, you may be asked to log in with your university credentials. Once you've done this, MNote will search the internet for the full text versions of the selected references. If they are available and accessible, it will add them to your library. Available PDFs will show up in the Found PDF list. Please note it can only search for 250 records at a time. If you have a large library, you may wish to do this in stages or by your groups. If a PDF is available on the internet but cannot be downloaded automatically, MNote will display an entry in the Found URL list. Where MNote cannot locate a PDF, it will display the reference in the Not Found list. The number of available PDFs retrieved can vary due to copyright restrictions. You can also link the PDFs you've downloaded yourself to the corresponding record in MNote. To do this, click on the record you want to attach a PDF to, and then click Attach File. You can now browse your file structure until you find the PDF you are interested in. Select the PDF and click Open to attach it to that file. It will now appear at the top of the record. To remove it, click the drop-down arrow on the PDF and click Delete. To open a related PDF, click the file on the record and then click Open. Thank you. That is the end of this demonstration.