Supriya Pasnoor, working as an assistant professor in civil department from Walton Institute of Technology, Sulapur. Today's class, we are going to discuss on site selection of a residential building. These are the learning outcomes. At the end of this session, students will be able to impart the knowledge and apply the principles of planning and design of the residential and the public buildings. Site selection, these are the factors which should be considered in the site selection. First is the purpose of the building, second the friendly neighborhood, available facilities, government laws, the shape and the size, the terrain condition, the type of the ground soil, next is the natural light and the air. So, the purpose of the building, the site selection, it plays an important role in the planning and the designing of the building. So, the site should be selected in such a way that we should keep the some view that whether for what purpose actually the building is to be constructed. So, on that basis, the site is to be selected. Next, the site should be selected in a locality where the surrounding is already developed or it is likely to be developed. Also, the available facilities such as the, it should be, the site should have a needed gifts such as the sunlight, the airflow for the ventilation should be available. The government laws, the site which comes within the limits of the area where the bylaws of the locality authorized enforce the restrictions regarding the proportions of the plots to be built, the vacant spaces which are to be left to the sides and the front are to be considered. Even the building height should be considered, the shape and the size of the building. It plays an important role in the site selection. The terrain condition, the type of the ground soil, the strata selected over there should be of a uniform slope. It should be leveled, elevated. So, we can provide a good and a quick drainage for the rain, for the rain water. The site should have the adverse circumstances such as it should be free from the noise pollution, the air pollution. In short, the site should be selected away from the industrial area. It should also be away from the river carrying the flood so that we can avoid the water logging which may cause the settlement and the friendly neighborhood. Actually, where the plot is to be selected, the neighborhood should be of a friendly environment that is it should match with our status so that the living conditions of our will be improved. The plot should have the various facilities like the first is the community services which includes overall the police stations, the fire protection services, the cleaning purpose which are to be taken care of the wastages and the street cleaning has to be done. And the utility services which includes our daily utilities that is the water supply, the gas, electricity and the telephones etc. Amenities includes the schools, colleges, hospitals etc. The shopping facilities is also an important factor in that and the means of the transport should be available for the communication of easy and the quick transport. Here you can pause the video for two minutes and try to give the answer for this. What are the factors of the site selection? This is the answer for that the shape of the plot. Second is the location of the plot, availability of the amenities, water table and the sewerage system. First is the shape of the plot. So, geometry of the plot most probably for any kind of construction the shape of the plot is very important so that whenever we we have to expand it in the future we can easily come up with the come up with that so that the shape of the plot is a most important and it will affect the appearance of your structure. Location of the plot in relation should be nearby the main roads and even the cost of the plot is a most important factor which will affect the which will affect the cost. Availability of the amenities also the provisions of the schools, colleges, the gas, electricity etc. should be available nearby the plot. So, the water table the water table for the residential building should not be at a high level most probably the water table should be provided normal should be useful for the domestic and the drinking purposes the water table at a normal height will be most preferable. The sewerage system there should be proper sewerage system at the site of the residential plots. Extra water of houses can be easily drawn out especially in the rains and the floods. If in case there is no sewerage system the dirty water affects the building as well as the as well as the occupants as well. This is the site plan. Site plan is included to locate the area belonging to any building showing all the details of the interior together with the surrounding. So, here is one of the site plan drawing here you can see the kitchen come kitchen come dining hall. The room dimensions are given in the feet this is the living room this is the bedroom. So, here you can see that this side there is a kitchen showing the interior details of the kitchen and the dining here is the WC and this is the bedroom. So, the door and the window sizes are given to you. So, the site plan indicates the overall the room dimensions and what is the plot size of your building and at what distances the road margins are and the set back lines what are the front the front sides margin left and the back side margin left of your building. So, the site plan makes clear idea of even the drainage lines the electricity lines. So, this is the layout this is the layout of the site plan drawing. These are the references which I have referred thank you.


Ok Jess, close your eyes for me, I'll just get you to breathe in and wiggle your toes now. Try Panophobia The fear of needles I got my first ever piercing last February and before I get into the finer details let me give you a brief history. I am currently 19 years old and for all those years I had never had any piercings done. Not even the basic earlobe piercings that most girls get when they're like 5 years old and can't make up the decision for themselves. The idea of impaling myself with this metal spike absolutely terrified me. It didn't matter if the procedure was fast and mostly painless, little me wasn't having it. I was convinced that the pain would be unbearable and blood would be splattering out everywhere like a scene from a low budget horror film. People would always suggest I get my ears pierced but I couldn't even consider it rationally because that was the first visual that popped into my head. But it's ok, I had an escape plan. I think it would really suit you. You know what, I might get them done next year. This became my catchphrase. Every single year around my birthday I would have to whip this phrase out and keep the scary needle people away. Then about 6 years ago I actually gave it some thought. I don't think they would suit me at all. I would look like Mrs Potato Head so I would continuously lie to my friends and family with this line even though I had since decided that I didn't want them done at all. Ever. I should have just said I wasn't interested when I decided because over time I started receiving earrings as presents. What is up with this peer pressure?  Oh my god thank you. I don't want them. I don't want them. I can't wait to pierce my ears so I can wear them. Guys, I appreciate the gift and the thought. I really do but I'm sorry I'm a liar and I'm never going to get them done ok? Into the graveyard with you. I started saying I'll get them done next year so often that everyone I knew started to stop believing in me. It even became a recurring joke within my family and despite this the gifts kept coming. Oh wow looks like I'll definitely need to get them done now. You heard her. Pin her to the ground. No please. No. I was never going to get them done and for good reason. Another thing I couldn't bear the thought of was infections. Disgusting. I have seen plenty of infected noses and belly buttons throughout my high school days and it's just...  You know where this is going. When I told my dear mother that I was going to get a piercing she just laughed in my face. Hey so I'm thinking about getting a piercing. Haha good one Jess. Have you ever thought of comedy as a career path? Maybe you could be one of those weird online YouTube people. Have you heard of the odd ones? I'm thinking about getting this. Ummm I don't know about that. I have a thing about it. I think my mom thought that I would change my mind about getting pierced because we all knew that I liked to delay getting it done. But she was wrong because two weeks later... You like it? What? What are you talking about? Oh yes. I see. It's great. Hmmm. Now if it wasn't my earlobes that I got done then what was it? I'll give you guys a few seconds to guess. I got this. An industrial piercing. Also known as a scaffold piercing, construction piercing or a bar piercing. That's a lot of names. As you can see you actually get two piercings in one. Then this long boy piece of jewelry connects the two and it looks sick. I was also considering just getting a normal helix but nah. There's always the option if I ever get sick of the industrial some day I can take this one out, put another piercing in and BOOM a helix piercing. Thanks for listening to my TED talk. I was thinking about this specific piercing for a couple months now and then I randomly blurted it out to a group of my friends.  Do it. You won't. Fair response to be honest so on one fateful day I rang the piercing place to make a booking for myself and my friend Joe who was also getting a piercing done which was his earlobes. And two other friends came along for support Shannon and Kai. Piercing place shop thing. Gemma speaking how can I help you? Oh hi Gemma I was just wondering do you have any appointments available today? Hell yeah we do. How about around 12 o'clock? Gulp.  We eventually got to the place and we were keen as ever. But they turned us away because the fbus machine wasn't working and we had to get physical money out but we came back even more keen. We filled out some agreement forms to let them poke needles through us and we were all good to go. Before Joe went in to get his ears pierced he had to pick out what type of earrings to get. There were a lot of choices and we were pushing him to get these cute little Hello Kitty ones. He didn't. Thanks for listening to my- Anyway he picked out some black studs, got his ears stabbed and then it was my turn. Shannon quickly scurried behind me so she didn't miss any of the action. The piercer was a really nice guy and he was open to any questions I had. Is it a painful piercing to get? Just a hard pinch. It's a bit harder than getting your lobe so since it's a thick cartilage. He lined up everything, got me to check it and then he had me lay down on the table for the procedure. Okay, focus on my toes. Breathe in, breathe out. Oh no. I breathed out first.  One, two, three, four. We are young. Life is fun. Oh my god James is that you? I'm such a big fan. Hi. One, two, three, four. We are young. Good job. You barely flinched. Okay, here comes the second one. And it was just like he said, a hard pinch. I then paid for the piercing and a treatment spray to help with the healing process. And I was on my way. This morning and night I sprayed this salty solution on it and bam. And the dead is gone. Sorry, that's a kitchen cleaner. Don't use that on open wounds. Please, I'm really happy that I ended up getting this piercing. I really like how it looks so here it is. Oh, ear reveal. How quirky. I know the healing time can take up to a year for this bad boy but honestly I can't feel anything more than half the time. Five year old me would be so mad if she saw this. I hope this little story has inspired some of you to seek your own piercing journeys because it has been a great experience for me personally. For my mom though, I'm not so sure. I think she has started to like it. Maybe. If you're like me and the fear is stopping you from getting a piercing done I highly recommend trying to push past it as soon as you feel ready. Take your time. Conquering the fear and getting what you want is a very important thing to be able to do. Not just for piercings but life in general. Wow, inspiring. Just wanted to quickly let you guys know that the Jelly just patreon has been updated and if you want to become a wobbly boy as seen on the title screen here that reward is available on literally all tier levels. There's also an exclusive shirt design over there now on the highest tier which has the wobbly boys aka you on it. I really like the way it turned out so if you're interested link is in the description.


We're just a lady. I brought you by did you key? Thank you. Did you key and Lady data lady data you use your engineering powers every single week to find things on Did you key? What is the great search this week? Okay this week We got this paper shoot camera that we just did a little bit of tear down on and I really like this four-position switch I'm I'm a huge fan of slide switches. I really think They're super awesome. I mean I like buttons tactile buttons are good But you know if you're not doing tactile buttons. I really like slice switches. They're easy to understand They're they're you know, you can use them even if you aren't looking at something you by feel which I really like so they're good for accessibility They last a long time, you know, you know for the most part unless they get wet, but you can still get weatherproof ones They're good for power. They're good for signal. They're good for everything. So you know on the on the LED glasses designed here I've got This is a slide switch that I use for on off. So you can Turn the whole thing on and off pretty easily With the slide switch There's also buttons of course to do reset, but side switches are where it's at my opinion and I've used, you know single pole single throw switches, which are kind of rare usually use tactile buttons But single pole double throw which is on off single pole triple throw for like three modes But then this was this was a fabulous Single pole for throw and I thought like let's let's check that out because It could be useful for other people and I like that. It's a through-hole switch You could easily add it to a design to add a four elements of selection. So let's go to The computer and actually wanted to show real fast Different switch Schematics and what what they mean. So this is You know, I always get confused. What's what's the pole and what's the throw? So if you don't remember, which is which don't worry. I've been doing for 20 years.  That's the dual pole dual throw I see these often because surface mount slide switches from mechanical strength. They often have two separate switches It's also good. Um, the double pole double throw if you want to I like these switches when it's like, oh, I want to switch I squared C or UART connections. You want to switch like a simple two wire bus from one set of pins to another or from controller to peripheral I like the spdT or dpdT. I use those often on Our shields like for gps modules where it's like, oh, do you want to use UART on the soft serial or the hardware serial one switch switches both pins over between two sets But then when you get to sp3T and above you don't use T Like use s for single d for dual But when you get to three or four you use the number so just remember that don't sp Tt does not exist. There's no t for three.  Also, you can get them in spdT type But if you want to do, um You know fourth row it's not spft Which sounds like something you put on your skin to avoid getting burnt.  Um In fact, it's so rare that there's only 31 options in slide switches.  Um, which is what you'll get with rf switches and stuff Um, but for slide switches. Oh toggle switches also, you know, those are you can use those but they tend to stick out of it Not it's easy to implement into design Uh for slide switches Um, yeah, there's not that many, you know, I mean they do look Kind of like what we want, but there's not a ton Uh, that said let's only look at the ones that are in stock and active Which cuts it down to only eight options really not that many Um, but all these look pretty good. Uh, this one I thought was like really compact, you know, surprisingly So this looks very slim So I don't really want this one and this one is a right angle Um, one thing to note when you're programming these when you're when you're putting these into your design Really look at the data sheet very carefully because it's not like The there's sometimes two pins even though it's a single pole Sometimes there's two pins for the like for the mechanical layout Sometimes there's two poles and sometimes Um, they're not in the order that you think it is like the leftmost switch is not the leftmost pan or whatever So just really read the data sheet and and maybe use a multimeter when you get the part to really make sure you're mapping it correctly Um, but these all look pretty good.  This one's the cheapest. This was, you know, 45 cents Um her it's a right angle style and I do like that it has the two mechanical Connects on the side. Um, but for style and looks and also number of parts in stock the This one the apm one. I mean, I was 47 000 pieces in stock, which is always kind of promising I like that and uh, I mean like it gets a lot and then they do have the The 3d um rendering of this So if you're interested in like, what does this what does this look like?  So you just have to make sure that it's uh, keep it dustproof, but otherwise So you can switch, you know, not too bad dollar or so and then, uh, can do up to 300 milliamps at 125 volts So you could use this as your power switch You don't need to have any extra circuitry or you can use it a signal if you like either one, but A nice switch as p4t Good for you when you're making a camera with four different filters and that's the great church


Hi guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosal here and I want to do a video today about how to transfer data between a Synology NAS and onto cold storage like HDD like a hard drive that you can put into an enclosure Just like this now you might be wondering well, what's the point? Why would you want to transfer data from a Synology onto a cold storage and the answer is well You probably wouldn't but if you did want to do it, this is what you do now Let me just explain my use case I Cree I'm starting to create a decent amount of data in the course of Producing these videos and I back everything up onto my NAS It's finished products now the stuff that I kind of care less about but still feel there is a need to keep is a lot of The stock footage and bureau that I get during my shoots and I sometimes put them up On websites like pond 5 now that stuff I don't really think I'm ever gonna have a need for again at least a good chunk of it So that's the kind of thing that I am at the moment moving off my NAS and onto cold storage now speaking about Cold storage literally moving data onto a hard drive in an enclosure like this and putting it on your shelf somewhere So there's a number of disadvantages Which is why I said that you probably would not want to do this But for the use case I outlined you might want to now versus an NAS You're not going to have raid if you're going to have just a single Physical storage device sitting on a shelf somewhere and the second major disadvantage to that you're going to have is that your Hard drive is going to be subject to bit rot and de magnetization So there's a finite length of time during which you can have data just sitting Literally not connected to any electronics on a shelf the only advantage that I can think of versus Storing data this way versus storing in an NAS is you're not storing it in a in a medium That's connected to power the hard the drive is physically sitting Cold and okay, so here's my Synology NAS I'm using the DS 920 plus you could probably use a bit of a dust and this is my HDD enclosure I'm not too sure exactly what type of model this is it has a USB 3.0 output and it needs a plug as well.  So literally all you need to do is take the USB 3 in your enclosure and connect it straight in to your NAS and Now it is connected. All right, so I connected my HDD enclosure to my Synology DS 920 NAS Just by sticking connecting the USB 3.0 cord and after doing this You're going to see a external device and in that case that's going to be the enclosure now You're gonna get a volume for that as well So let me go into the file manager and show you what that looks like so by default for me whenever I've connected this And by the way, you can format it Directly using the NAS to so for whatever reason you need to reformat the HDD as it sits in the enclosure You can actually do that directly from within your Synology, which is pretty useful and cool So this is the enclosure and in my NAS I don't know if this is a case for every Synology, but it automatically appears as a volume entitled USB shared one and this is what I'm currently using just to kind of offload as I said the stuff from the NAS that I don't Really care that much about so I have a folder here called stock and It's pretty much just full as you can see of a stock video I b-roll basically from my YouTube projects and this is what I do I'm periodically dumping stock footage from my NAS and into this enclosure So let's go ahead now and move some more stuff over Okay, so this is my stock footage volume that I've created on my NAS and my NAS and There is a bit of stock here since I've last done this Let's just say for the sake of argument. I want to transfer over the stock here So you can either do move or you can do copy and paste, but either way it's really easy I'm just going to do a cut and paste today and move that now on to the onto the HDD sitting in the enclosure. So I'm going to firstly cut Now I've gone into the USB share volume.  It looks like it's finished running So this was the folder a la valley diva tormo seem and you can see now that all those MP4 files They've moved from my NAS on to the HDD enclosure I can go now and take that HDD out of its enclosure and put it on the shelf or I can just keep it on the shelf in the Enclosure, but my data has now been transferred off the NAS and onto this external volume And that's pretty much all there is to say about this process I hope that video is useful if you'd like to get more videos for me about data storage and many many other topics Please feel free to subscribe to this YouTube channel. Thank you very much for watching


Good morning everyone and welcome to the second day for to the workshop on S2S science which is being held as part of the 2021 ASP summer colloquium on science and applications.  He's also an adjunct professor in the department of earth environmental sciences and teaches as such. Most importantly he's a co-chair for the WMO S2S project and is also heavily involved with SUVEX which is the American extension of the S2S efforts using additional models. Andrew welcome and we're looking very forward to your talk. Thank you very much Judith for the kind invitation and for the nice introduction. So sharing my screen. Can you see that on full screen now? Yeah yes it's perfect. Okay great. So what I thought I would do is to talk about some of our real-time sub-seasonal forecasting that we've been doing at the IRI and some of my collaborators here are Jinghuan, Angel Munoz and Boha Singh and so the outline will be to show you some of these calibrated probabilistic sub-seasonal rainfall and temperature forecasts based on SUVEX models. So as Judith was saying we are involved in the SUVEX project too and the nice thing about those models for us at IRI is that they are available in real-time those forecasts. So I'll talk about that and so it has to do with calibration, multimodal ensembling and crucially probabilistic forecasts you know what can we get out of what can we do for sub-seasonal scales for those. And then secondly I'll show you some of our tools that we've been developing for looking at forecasts in terms of weather regimes and that'll be over the North Pacific and Western U.S. So to set the context I just put this one in I was looking it's actually up on my wall slide if it's this graphic it's one of IRI's first seasonal forecasts issued in maybe issued in December 1997 so it's for the 97-98 El Nino event. This is when the IRI forecast division was still at Scripps before it consolidated to Lamont and what you can see here is I mean already at that time the IRI knew that what it needed to do if you're making forecasts that are going to be useful to people is to make forecasts that are in a probability format. So you're giving some you're giving the potential user some estimate of the confidence of your forecast and so it was done in terms of terciles so you can see here in in eastern Australia here there was a 60 probability being forecast of being in the below normal tercile category 25 in the near normal and only 15 in the above normal. So the IRI has been doing this for a long time you know since since the late 90s and still doing this in fact I mean at the time that was that was all done you know forecasters sat around a bench as before my time and you know really drew those lines on on the maps but since became fully objective and automated and the question is well can you do something for sub-seasonal forecasts as well uh and actually I was under meeting I think it was in 2016 and I think it was Gilbert Brunet who said to me oh you know IRI you should do this for sub-seasonal forecasts you've been doing it for seasonal these years what about what about sub-seasonal so that so I thought yeah well good point you know and so we sort of embarked on on a project with no no funding to to to make that a reality and we since have a set of listen in what we call our map rooms so forecast map rooms and you'll be able to access this make a pdf copy available afterwards but you can you can find our map rooms and if you navigate to forecast and sub-x forecast you'll find all of these and so we have things like probably precipitation median probability or in terms of both weekly and bi-weekly averages going out to four weeks ahead and this based on sub-x models so for example and we have been doing this in real time and so you know that's the IRI thing it's going to make forecasts in real time and so we have been doing this since October 2017 every Friday issuing these for the upcoming week so the weeks then go from Saturday through through the following Friday and here's an example of the one from last Friday for weeks three and four precipitation so that's for the the period of 14th to the 27th of August and precipitation on the left and temperature on the right so what we chose to do was actually just formatted in exactly the same way as the seasonal forecasts were formatted so that that would be something that users are familiar with and maybe they can you know get a grasp on what these forecasts are saying and then we can see well you know is what's the information content of these forecasts is it similar to seasonal ones how to stack up against that and so for this latter part of August you can see that is it the forecast the dominant teresal category is is the above normal one we still have this kind of land linear issue well we have a kind of land nearest influence so there's a there's a 60 70 chance of being above normal category and a lot of regions you'll see it's just white so that's equi-probable forecasts these are like our calibrated multi-model I'll tell you what that is in a second but but this is so you'll see there's some regions where there's some color on the map where we where the forecast has some has some sharpness in the other case it's just flat looks like the paleontological distribution where it's where it's white and then likewise for temperature on the on the right and then you can see that maybe it's a bit more there's a bit more color over land we've shown it over over the ocean as well for precipitation so one more thing is that that's just in terms of the those teresal categories but one thing we've been pushing in terms of you know what can be useful to a user it may not be you know those those teresal categories there's no one size fits all so what we've been pushing is this this idea of a flexible format where the the user can pick their own quantile that they're interested in and see well what's the probability of exceeding a particular quantile and so i've shown here for the age of age of region what's the probability of exceeding the 80th 80th percentile of the the distribution and you can see here that so over southeast Asia there there's some pretty high probabilities exceeding that much more than the point two that would be the climatological distribution and then what you can do in this this map is really just click on any point on the map and i clicked on a point over Sulawesi indonesian island here and this is the this is what you can query the pdf at a point there and so the dotted line here uh well let's look at the bottom first there's the the climatological pdf for that point peaking at about 20 millimeters per week but then you can see here in the green line that's the forecast pdf and so it shifted shifted to the right a wet a wetter forecast so the the pdf has been maybe compressed slightly and shifted to the right and then the user could query this in terms of well what's the probability of exceeding 40 millimeters of rain per week and that's exceeded that's that's gone up from a probability of something like you know point point one up to a probability of point four so you know you could get some some guidance on on your likelihood of floods for example or you know droughts likewise if you looked at the other table of pdf so how was this made uh as i said it's made uh using using output from sub-x models and which we have archived in in the iri data library and in order to make this product what we did was we found three models that all issued forecasts on the same day so all issue on on wednesday when they wednesday starts the cfsv2 is issuing every day so that's that one's easy and then we've got the the noah gefs model and the ezreal fin model that we've taken as well and what we do is we do the calibration grid point by grid point uh on on a you know one degree grid of this gpcp uh precipitation grid and then for each point start and lead we fit a regression model for each model separately we calibrate each model separately uh we we make a forecast of the probability and then we we make a multi model average of those of those probabilities to get the forecast of precipitation uh at that point or likewise for temperature and then the way that we do this how do we do the what's the regression model it's a logistic regression model so in in order to to forecast the probability we use logistic regression and the predictor for this regression is actually the ensemble mean of the of the forecast model so we're not using the individual ensemble members we use the ensemble mean of of the forecast each model and we actually add another another predictor here a second predictor which is the quantile that we're predicting for and this is what this is the extended bit in the logistic regression and it allows us to make probability forecasts that are consistent for for different different thresholds so uh this is another snapshot of that map room and if you look uh what we have also is to look back if you look choose one that's an older forecast this for example this is from the 7th of august 2020 where we have observations for that for that two week period we can look back and see well what was the observed percentile so plotted on this map for the 22nd august to the 4th of september 2020 that's the observed percentile against the the the hind cast period of 1999 to 2014 and so i'll draw your attention to a region where the forecast worked well which was say over pakistan here if we look in the pakistan here we can see that the the it was heavy rainfall at that time was around about point that the 90th percentile uh if you compare that that bi-weekly average with the ones from uh each year from 1999 to 2014 and we had indeed forecast uh a high probability in the above normal uh category so that's one one example where the forecast worked relatively well but you can find others where it didn't work as well so for example over indonesia in this case i guess we were just around uh the uh upper upper the 66 percentile but uh plenty of places where you can see that well we did quite well over china but uh other places maybe not so good so you can query this map room you can go back to 2017 you know and i'm looking if you haven't if you have an event to look how well this particular mme camped with the forecast so that's one way to verify another of course is to use a skill score and so we have map rooms for the the the rank probability skill score and so you can you can look look at that by month and by lead time so this we have weeks two and three and three and four on the right here so these are for august starts and you can see that we do actually very well we have very high skill scores here getting up to point two i mean that's actually quite good for a rpss score so this is a region where two two particular drivers come together s2s drivers of skill and so an mjo so they're both contributing here to the skill over over the maritime continent it's the it's the dry season here but you still have good skill over india weeks two and three over northern india you see there's some skill in in these forecasts but it's mostly gone by weeks three and four i just showed here an example of a particular event a heavy rainfall event over the state of bihar in northern india in 2015 this if you if you plot an anomaly for that that weekly period of the the 6 to 12 july we we had we had positive rainfall anomalies over in this kind of diagonal band with dry anomalies to the south and if we look back at the forecast made what we call the week one from the beginning of that week or if you go back to week four you can see that the models do capture this kind of interseesal oscillation pattern in that in that case it was really sort of a random case that i selected but i guess we got got lucky with that one and you could sort of track that back to a very high intensity mjo event over in phase seven during that period over the western pacific and if you look at a phase composite over over phase seven you can see this this dipole of the iso over over northern india that led to this over india led to this ability to make a forecast at this time so i mean these are really you know forecast forecast of opportunity and i think the point to be made is if you use a if you use this kind of calibration to make forecasts if you calibrate your forecast then in times where there's where where there's no signal in the forecast or there's no skill you will just get the climatological pdf you should just get the climatological pdf coming out of it the probabilities of exceedance will just be the climatological ones whereas if there is you know some active episode only then will that climate that forecast pdf deviate from the climatological one so that that's the goal of of of calibration to enable such forecasts of opportunity to be done really automatically and i'm just showing here that we have these also for you know one week two and uh there's much more skill obviously week one but you have to make the point that there can be useful skill say at week two which might not be the or even week one for that matter that might not be in you know what we think of as the s2s forecast range but these are formatted in a different way from what we would think of a weather forecast where you're looking at the forecast each day this is using weekly averages which can be you know useful to certain decision makers to look at well in week one in terms of the coming week what's the probability of being above below normal etc or week two how does this compare with the that skill that i'm showing you how does it compare with iris skill for seasonal forecasts what i'm showing here is for the august to december kind of period second half of the calendar year on the right here this is this is iris seasonal forecast skill again using this rpss on the left what we're getting it at week three and four lead time so you can see fairly fairly comparable i guess you'd say to what we're getting in our seasonal forecast so i guess this is good news that you know this is just an experimental you know s2s is a is a new kid on the block and already you could say you know it has similar skill to what we're getting in seasonal forecast after all these years of doing that uh if you look over india well maybe we're doing even better here the the seasonal ones at the bottom here but basically no skill in in this period was we can see that there's some skill in the week three to four range so i can see i'm already kind of running behind in my my presentation trying to speed up a little bit this is the other thing that i wanted to show you uh using these daily circulation pattern weather regimes uh as a kind of forecast guidance tool so what we did was to define these these uh these weather regimes from from for march to march to sorry from october to march using uh z 500 uh over this this region north pacific north america and we we use four regimes here from reanalysis data a west coast ridge there's a there's a negative nao pattern in the atlantic uh we've got a we've got a pacific trough here on the bottom left on the bottom right pacific ridge and uh they have some you know some surface weather expressions associated with them but the idea here was to say well can we project our forecast onto these four circulation patterns and get a a low order depiction of our forecast and uh what we did was we used the cfsb2 model because we have a forecast every day from that we use a lagged ensemble uh average for that and what we have done is every day to take the forecast in real time from cfsb2 and project it onto those four patterns from reanalysis data and and show uh the the closest one so uh what you can see here is we do this every day and this is a forecast going out to 45 days and it was closest to west coast ridge in the first few days then transitioned to pacific ridge for a few days uh going into pacific trough etc and then the saturation here is uh the the probability really of being of that assignment to a particular observed regime so we're not looking at the regimes in the model itself what we're doing is we're projecting the the model's own forecast of your potential height onto those patterns to get a lower order view so we did that for the whole season and this is what comes out updating it every day and then if we look back we can see uh if you just look up uh basically along the bottom this is the regime uh the the regime sequence uh that that was observed in reanalysis data and so you can see we we have some sort of interseasonal uh transitioned between various regimes here uh in the in the dark blue in the pacific ridge regime and if you look up you can see uh how advanced how far in advance uh this was captured in the forecasts and we can see that you know these things the the bands sort of extend around vertically around 10 to 15 days so the skill uh up to about that far in advance if you go further in advance it loses its skill uh we would like to see uh you know vertical bands uh going further up and so there were no sort of strong episodes where that was the case in this winter although you can find it in other winters another thing we did was well cfsv2 actually goes out you know get to seven months so why why how about if we uh just show uh not only the the first 45 days but also show uh monthly averages out to week six so this is like a seamless depiction where we're showing averages uh two to three days four to seven week two weeks three and four and you can see that what the forecast was showing in the in the in the seasonal range was really going into these uh ridge regimes but it couldn't make up its mind between west coast ridge and and and pacific ridge so west coast ridge the the red and the blue but it was definitely moving into you know because of um but it definitely showing this this this this this pattern if we look to see the number of days that were were observed versus versus forecasted then we can see that in in a month three we got a bit we got too much west coast ridge and about the rise a man of pacific ridge so the the forecast was fairly accurate in in that respect but it couldn't tell uh which one exactly so uh just to summarize uh we've been making these routine calibrated probabilistic sub seasonal rainfall and temperature forecasts uh every week but based on subjects in real time uh i've shown you those map rooms and then there's weather regime tools as a forecast guidance so forecaster can really look at that and see well how well how well does the model do over the season uh in in real time how well has it been doing up to now uh what's it forecasting in this very low order sense in terms of uh low order circulation patterns illustrates really the episodic behavior of the S2S scales uh we generally see we lose skill after about two weeks uh but some of the skill then comes back in the seasonal range so thank you very much i'll be happy to try to answer any questions that you might have thank you very much andrew so if you have a question please raise your hand or post it in the chat i have a question um it is i really enjoyed your analysis about the regimes and the weather types and um how the predictability of the regimes um is how their systematic model bias is preferring some regimes over others and i'm wondering um where would you start um in model development to address some of these issues you're diagnosing in model development i couldn't possibly tell you i mean that's that's up to you model developers to tell me that i mean it's uh we can i guess we can you know we can give some uh depiction of what the what the models do and if when you you know have a a land in your event uh they they move you know we can see that they uh very much forecasting these these ridges but they may not be uh may not be in the exactly the right place but if you look in the seasonal forecast uh for the for the western us we did quite do quite a good job you know the model did a good job of capturing that uh on the seasonal range on the sub seasonal range here uh not not quite not quite so clear so i think it's a it's a really it's a hard question to answer uh you know what model developers should look for but maybe you know some of the things are to look at well what this can can tell you uh you know what the it can highlight particular drivers you know it can highlight you can uh you know relate this this behavior to to end so uh some of the we've looked back in in previous uh winters looking at this and you can relate some of the episodes to the mjo as well so you know if if something was captured um maybe you can relate it or not captured you can relate it maybe to whether or not the the model captured the mjo and whether or not it captured its teleconnections and as that gets to some along the lines of what you're asking thanks so much uh will has a question well why don't you mute yourself hi hi andrew thanks for the great talk um i was noticing in your extended logistic regression you're only utilizing the ensemble mean information and nothing with the dynamic ensemble spread i was wondering if you could talk about what motivated that choice and if there isn't actually any skill in the ensemble spread that would assist in the calibration yeah so that's a good question thanks uh in in our work on the seasonal forecasts we've never found any any information in the ensemble spread i think you know the spread skill relationships are you know they they they have value at the weather scale or the seasonal scale there's not really any evidence that there's any any value in that information maybe in the sub seasonal range i think it's still an open question as to whether there's some spread skill relationship that you could use you know if you have a tighter pdf that you you could really you know make a more confident forecast in that case so i i think they call it what heteroscedastic if you add here uh you know you can add another term for the the the spread of the of the ensemble that could be included in here and i think some of my our i colleagues have actually tried that we haven't managed to get any more skill coming out of out of doing that uh that's far thank you any more questions if not yeah i have one i guess i'm not coming out of the chat that's okay you don't need to put it in the chat you can just unmute yourself yeah okay yeah and i had sort of sort of a practical question actually i'd be wondering about a bit i was curious what your take was do you think that users are on balance obviously they're individual users but on balance are they better served with these routine probabilistic forecasts or maybe more of a sporadic approach where it's sort of a null forecast until there's a quasi deterministic forecast of opportunity so the point i would make is that if these forecasts are are well calibrated then you should have a null forecast maybe most of the time so then you will just be issuing and then you know the user goes to this site and they will see what's the probability of exceeding the the 80th percentile it'll just be given you know by the the climatological probability of exceeding the 80th percentile it'll only be you know when something's really going on that you will that this green curve will deviate from the from the from the black one so you know the calibration needs to be done properly obviously for that for that to be the case but i think that you know the rpss i would say that our forecasts are generally in that in that ballpark i'm not sure with you know if if that's if that's probably but i think that gets to what you're sort of asking because it's always it's always issued but it only deviates when something's going on when we have information to to uh to the models have some information to give matt fosdada are you happy uh well this is actually very like i said this is it's almost a philosophical question it's probably better over beer if we ever meet sometime again in the world yeah yeah that's a good answer here yeah i really like this idea of issuing a climatological forecast unless something is going on i think that's a really nice way of dealing with this windows of opportunity that only occurs sometimes i also forgot to say um um andrew is also leading one of the tutorials the pie weather regime and pie cpt tutorial together with uh angel monos angel is um uh uh on pto this week but um they really worked a lot with the students and made everything available so thank you so much if i could just add to that you know it's been great to see what the students have done and they have actually been looking at these weather regime patterns during the summer season as well as the other seasons and i think that's something i only show them for the winter but you know it's a question is such an approach also be useful in in the other seasons so maybe we'll hear some of that tomorrow afternoon or morning yep exactly thanks okay thank you again


Welcome to Monet Café. I'd like to invite you to share in an artistic experience. This is a session from my Patreon page. I call this series artistic meditations. It's a chance to relax and enjoy the beauty of creation and color. I'll be going over all of the products that I used and show you how I cut my final creation at the end of this video. I was inspired to try this by another artist that I found on YouTube. Her name is Denise Love and her YouTube channel is Too Little Owl Studio. She is such a delightful and refreshing soul with some great videos. She introduced me through the video to this color meditation deck. This is primarily for watercolor, but it would work great for any medium. What I love about it is it provides you with inspiration. It has a great book that goes into color theory. The book tells you how to use the color meditation deck. Let me show you quickly how it works. Underneath the book is a deck of cards, like a deck of playing cards. I didn't count them. I don't know how many there are. This had to take a lot of work for this artist slash author. The first cards are called parameter cards. I call them as prompts of sorts to get you going and have a direction of how you're going to have your playtime through art. After the parameter cards are the idea cards or the inspiration cards. That's what I call them. They don't really have a title, but they'll give you all these different inspirations for painting. The book gives a recommendation to begin your artistic meditation by choosing at least one parameter card and one inspiration card. You can choose more as I will be doing, but at least one of each is great to get started. What I'm choosing is the parameter card of saturation play. I love things that are saturated and also the parameter card of a limited palette. Two, three or four hues. I'm going to be using analogous color. One of my two fun inspiration cards are the one on the left using a straw. You'll see me do that. And the one on the right, you can't see the back, but it says abstract. I was really inspired by that pretty design on the front. The surface I'll be using is just 140 pound cold press watercolor paper. And I know my channel and Patreon page is almost exclusively pastel painting, but I love watercolor. I have notebooks full of different watercolor. I call it playtime when I just relax. Watercolor is a very relaxing medium, but I'm not using watercolor on the watercolor paper actually. I'm using some acrylic inks. I love acrylic inks. I love their vibrancy. And I'm going to talk a lot about these products as I paint and I'm playing with a new fun product. This is like liquid gold. Oh my goodness. It is so fun. The tools for this meditative painting adventure are a few brushes and some other fun implements. Let me show you. This is a little painting, like the little quill. Is that what it's called? A little painting nib where you dip it in the ink. I think I dip it in the ink and in that gold liquid that I'll be using. This is a brand new brush. I just got, it has a very large head to the brush. So it holds a lot of water. It's a quill brush made by Princeton. A fan brush. I don't think I use it on this painting, but it's a really great tool for some fun marks. Of course I'm going to need some water to rinse out my acrylic ink and also some paper towels just to control my water. I have taped my watercolor paper down to a piece of foam core board just using some artist's tape. You could use masking tape. And now it's time to get started. You'll see in this Monet Café version of this lesson, or should I say experience? It's more of an experience, but you'll see the products that I spoke about and shared at the beginning of this tutorial. You'll see me using them without any commentary. I'm going to add some very peaceful music and you can just relax and enjoy this and perhaps just see some of my strategies. And also again, on my Patreon version of this, I go into, all of this is where I'm talking. I'm talking about the products and how I'm doing things. But I still think just watching this to music will be a blessing. And just something that might spark your creativity and give you some ideas for your own artistic meditative session. It's my recommendation that before starting, you gather all of the products that you think you might use. Again, you don't have to buy that color meditation deck that I spoke about, but it is a really great tool to just get some creative direction. Here's where I'm using the straw that it recommended to blow and look at these great gestural linear marks that it makes. But again, have your supplies ready. The reason for that is you want this to be an experience and not have to get up and go, oh, let me try this or that. So kind of pre-plan this and pre-plan it as far as finding a moment for yourself. I know if you're a mom with young kids, that's a rare thing, right? But hopefully you can find just an hour out of your busy life to dedicate to this peaceful moment, artistic moment. Also, I recommend playing some music. I recommend it be soothing. I prefer songs that have no words when I'm doing something like this, just very peaceful. And also, you know, get yourself a cup of tea or coffee and just really make this a moment of creation. And one of my patrons said, this one needs to be called at the subtitle, Artistic Meditations, No Rules Allowed. And I really like that. I'm embracing that because we talk so much and get hung up so much with the rules of our color theory. And am I doing it right? So this is a way to just create and let the randomness of things take you on a colorful, artistic journey. All right, here's that music. Enjoy.  And it's really kind of neat that you can get multiple paintings out of one large painting. All right, enjoy. I truly enjoyed using the gold ink product. I have never used anything like this in any of my paintings. If you've been on my channel much, you know, I'm primarily a soft pastel artist. I happen to love watercolor and I love acrylic inks as well. So this was a way for me to play and to discover new products and to perhaps loosen up my work even more. And I think you'll discover the same thing will happen for you if you try this. Here is a close up of some of the mark making. I feel that it's so gestural and free and energetic and it really is such a great way to relax your mind and just enjoy color and art. Now I'm taking off the masking tape. By the way, I've sped this up a little. My suggestion is take it off slowly and at an angle so that doesn't pull up your paper. And you may choose to do what I did, which is not just have this as one painting, but to crop it, find interesting areas of your painting and make different compositions. And then you'll have several paintings from just one artistic meditative session. Oh, I almost see a bird in the upper left there.  So it's just so neat. I really enjoyed this, as you can tell. So let's get to the actual cutting up of my painting. This is a little tabletop cutter made by Furban. I got it off of Amazon. I have a nice tabletop cutter, but this one's kind of fun for projects like this. I'm going to speed up the cutting process and you can see my compositional choices. And I think they look really so great as a little series once I was finished cutting them all. And I kind of want to keep a few of them. But the neat thing about these is they make wonderful gifts. If you wanted to just send this as a little card to someone for an occasion, or just an I love you present, they look lovely framed. So if you like color and you like fun, you're going to love this project. I cut my main areas of interest out. And then with the remnants, I even had these little pieces that I trimmed to make some kind of interesting composition. So wow, this was just a wonderful exploration for me. I'm definitely going to continue this series on my Patreon page. And oh, my patrons created some amazing works from this lesson. I just love seeing their own artistic meditations in our Patreon homework album. I hope this was a blessed and relaxing experience for you. And if you would like more of my lessons that are full lessons and more of this series, why don't you become a patron of mine? It's only $5 a month. And my Patreon family is just such a lovely and beautiful group of artistic souls. All right, everyone. God bless and happy painting.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss about the conic section parabola. Basically a parabola is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed line and a fixed point not on the line in the plane. This is a parabola. This fixed line L is called the direct tricks of the parabola and the fixed point this point F is called the focus. And this line through the focus which is perpendicular to the direct tricks is called the axis of the parabola. The point of intersection of the parabola with the axis that is this point is called the vertex of the parabola. Next we will discuss standard equations of parabola. Equation of the parabola with vertex at the origin a0 direct tricks as x equal to minus a is given by y square equal to 4ax. This is the parabola y square equal to 4ax in which we have focus F as a0 direct tricks as x equal to minus a and vertex is the origin o. In this equation we have a is greater than 0 so x can assume any positive value or 0 but no negative value and the curve extends indefinitely far into the first and the fourth quadrants. Axis of the parabola is the positive x axis. Now the other standard equations of parabola are given by y square equal to minus 4ax, x square equal to 4 Ay and x square equal to minus 4 Ay. These are the four standard equations of parabolas. The standard equations of parabolas have focus on one of the coordinate axis that is either on the x axis or y axis. Vertex is at the origin and direct tricks is parallel to the other coordinate axis. Like in this parabola y square equal to 4ax we have focus F with coordinates a0 on the x axis and the direct tricks is parallel to the y axis and the vertex is at the origin. From the standard equations of parabolas we have following observations. The first one says that parabola is symmetric with respect to the axis of the parabola that is if the equation of the parabola has y square term then the axis of symmetry is along x axis. And if the equation of the parabola has x square term in it then the axis of symmetry is along y axis. The next we have when the axis of symmetry is along the x axis then the parabola opens to right if coefficient of x is positive and it opens to left if coefficient of x is negative then we have if the axis of symmetry is along y axis then the parabola opens upwards if coefficient of y is positive it opens downwards if coefficient of y is negative. Next is latest rectum. Latest rectum of a parabola is the line segment perpendicular to the axis of the parabola through the focus whose end points lie on the parabola. This line segment is perpendicular to the axis of the parabola through the focus at end points of this line segment lie on the parabola so this line segment is the latest rectum. For the parabola y square equal to 4ax length of the latest rectum is equal to 4a. Consider the parabola x square equal to 6y this equation of the parabola is of the form x square equal to 4ay. So when we compare these two equations we get 4a is equal to 6 that is we get a is equal to 3 by 2. This is a case of upward parabola so this is the parabola x square equal to 6y where we have focus f is given by 0 comma a that is 0 comma 3 by 2. This is the focus f of the parabola its vertex is the origin then equation of direct tricks is given by y equal to minus a that is minus 3 by 2 that is we have 2y plus 3 equal to 0. This is the direct tricks 2y plus 3 equal to 0. Now since the equation of the parabola has x square term in it so we have its axis would be that is axis of the parabola x square equal to 6y is y axis whose equation is given by x equal to 0. Then length of the latest rectum is given by 4a that is equal to 4 multiplied by 3 by 2 which is equal to 6. This completes the session hope you have understood the concept of the conic section parabola.


Welcome to Insight, produced in partnership with Lakeland Public Television, serving North Central Minnesota. Today, we are chatting with Bill Brockwell, Jr. of the American Indian Resource Center at Bemidji State University. Bill has generously agreed to share some of his experience with us. I'd like to thank you, Bill, for joining us today. Thank you for having me. So serving Indian Country, serving Native peoples in a particular region has certain real challenges and people really benefit from the service that you provide. Talk about the organization, talk about the challenges that people face, and talk about how you help the community to advance. Some of the work that we're doing is really in the supportive role for American Indian students. BSU has a really long and storied history of supporting American Indian students and a lot of people don't realize that because a lot of it was in the late 60s, early 70s, when it was happening. We put on our council of Indian students puts on a pow-wow each year, and we're on our 44th year upcoming. 44th year. 44th year, which means that the pow-wow started in 1972, and that was really a time where a lot of religious freedom act and things like that were just passing that made it legal for ceremonies and different cultural expressions to happen for Native people. So to think that at that time BSU was putting on a pow-wow is a pretty remarkable feat to be honest with you, and it's a very big tradition that we uphold very strongly. The Indian Studies program, is it focused on the peoples of this region, or is it more broadly- It was more focused at that time. In the past couple years, we've actually changed to an Indigenous Studies program, which is a little bit more of a focus on Indigenous people across the country and the world. And the reason for that is that there are a lot of amazing things that are going on in Central America, in South Africa, there's just all these amazing Indigenous tribes. And so many touch points- Correct. And things that we can learn and apply to our area here today as well. One of the tactics that has been used by cultures to destroy other cultures is to remove pride and create within the adversary culture a sense of belittling of different aspects of that culture, belittling of language, belittling of it goes so far as physical features, traditional crafts, technologies, knowledge, and so on and so forth. And if you can erase knowledge and sense of self, then you can replace it with something else that you impose. You see this often with religious proselytizing. You see this often with cultural conflicts. You certainly have seen this in the history of European interactions, European immigrant interactions with Native peoples. What you're basically doing is creating the next generation of leaders, the next generation of advocates, the next generation of powerful voices for the peoples of this region. We're really breaking it down to the simple aspects of what you need to do to be successful. And you're right on. I mean, through the boarding school process, within one to two generations, a lot of our culture, a lot of our language, a lot of our beliefs were stripped. Exactly. We were talking about that just before. Absolutely. And that was the intention. That was the intention. You hear a lot of talk about, wow, there's some theories about this. No, that was the intention. The intention was to remove those things. And one of the things, we have a lot of American Indian students who are first generation students, and they don't have that family to kind of call upon to say, hey, should I be feeling stressed out right now? Should I be doing this? I was just giving a talk in Winona recently to Winona State University, and I use the example of midterms, and all of a sudden all these care packages start showing up for people. Where's my care package? And I'm calling my mom, and I'm going, there's these boxes showing up. Why am I not getting a box? And she's like, what's inside the box? I don't know. And it was because she didn't go to college. I was a first generation student. She didn't know that that's a stressful time, and a lot of parents send care packages to their kids. You can bet that my son's going to get a care package when midterm hits for sure. But she didn't know that. So a lot of our students don't have that to call upon. And I think one of the unique things that the Resource Center offers is sort of that home away from home. We joke a lot, me and my staff, that we sort of take on the parental, anti-uncle roles sometimes with a lot of our students. But that's what's needed. They don't have that to draw upon, to call and say, it's finals week. Should I be feeling like I want to jump off a cliff right now? Yes, you should. And it's OK. You're not going to jump off that cliff. Here's how we're going to get you through, and oh, by the way, we're serving a meal tomorrow to make sure that you're being fed and that you're doing OK. And we do things like that quite a bit. And things like that really come from the cultural sense that I grew up in, in a small community up on the North Shore in Grand Portage, Minnesota, and that was a very communal way of living that we did. I remember my dad fishing, he was a commercial net fisherman, and part of my job was to take some of the fish to the elders who couldn't fish anymore. And so that sense of upbringing that I had really leads to some of the things that we do at the Resource Center, just to have it be more of a communal feel. And it's funny because from a higher education standpoint, sometimes saying, while our retention programings, we're going to have a lunch, well, wait a minute, but it gives me an opportunity to touch base with so many more students that I wouldn't be able to. I get to ask each of them if they're registered for classes or if they're having issues. My assistant has a notebook and writes down names if we don't, and we follow up with them. And it also gives us a chance to just say thank you for all the hard work you're doing. And you know what? We're really proud of you. What knowledge of your own family informed your own journey? My family was always for education. They always pushed education, but it was always a case of if you go to school. And we talk about this with our young students when they come on campus. It's not a matter of if, it's a matter of when and where. And we try and change that mindset in their head. And I talked a little bit before about how that boarding school in one to two generations took a lot of things away. I really firmly believe that in education in one to two generations, we can put those things back. Because my family talked about if, I talked to my sons about when. And the circumstances are different today. That skepticism in many respects protected culture in earlier eras because the culture was under attack. And so one understands the skepticism inherited today based on a past that was so destructive to culture. That means that you can't say that the skepticism has no basis in reality, in protection. You say, yes, absolutely, be skeptical and come in and see that today it's different. Today we're actually providing the education to our own community. And it's not destructive. It's actually creative and it's energizing. And that part of what you are talking about being able to meet people's needs is so critical to success. Absolutely. And I think one of the things that's really important, too, is that you're going to have people out there that still feel that way. And you're going to have people that say, well, wait a minute, I can be a leader in my community without a degree from higher education. And that's absolutely true. Absolutely true. And I look to my parents for that. I mean, my dad is one of our spiritual leaders in our community. He's a fluent Ojibwe speaker. Never went to college for more than, I think, he went a semester one time. So there's not to say that you can't do that. And that's one of the things I think that we try and really sort of meld together is how do we take that traditional knowledge from people like that, bring them in as speakers, bring them in as workshops and teach our students about it so that they're sort of combining it as well now. In terms of how BSU functions and these programs functions as a community strengthening organization, how does your funding work, how do your resources come together to assist all of these students and the community to be stronger? We're tapping into different sources. We're trying to do different things. And we're trying to be sort of unique in how we do it. The way that fundraising has been done in the past is for the traditional scholarship. And that's still very much needed. But that doesn't mean that we can't start a fund that has retention programming in mind. That doesn't mean that we can't start a fund that maybe one day leads to an immersion child care facility on campus that our youth can learn the language while being close to their parents who are in school or in the language. There is a tremendous need for students that isn't met specifically by the budget that I have from the college. Emergency things come up all the time. And we've actually gotten to the point with most of our students where we don't even talk about it in terms of if something comes up. We're almost trying to be ahead of the curve and prepare them and say it's going to be when something comes up. And here's how we're going to deal with it. Here's the resources we have. I'm the point person you can come talk to. And so I think that that's got a lot of traction as well because students feel like they're more prepared when these issues happen. And it happens every semester. Sometimes it happens multiple times to students. We had a student that had four deaths in his family last fall.  And all four deaths were in the metro area. So all of a sudden now all the money is being used for gas to go back and forth. It was very emotionally taxing. And we were able to get that student some services on campus. We were able to provide some emergency funding as well. And so that's a reason why the fundraising aspect has really increased as well. Your background as a fundraiser equips you as an advocate. You're actually asking for investment in the future. You're not asking for money. You're asking for an investment. The return on investment will be an educated student, somebody who's productive, somebody who's capable of being economically self-sufficient because of the knowledge that they gain through their education. And I always make a little joke. Like you don't all need to come to BSU. A few of you do. So I still have a job. But there's so many different variations of college now. You can come to a university. You can go to a technical college. You can go to a tribal college. You can go to a community college. I really challenge students that I have a hard time believing that they can't tell me that college isn't for them because there's so many different forms it takes on. You also talked about the importance of ritual of the person who has achieved making that walk to receive their diploma. A walk that they're not just making for themselves, they're making that walk for the community, for the family. They are basically making a statement not only of their achievement, but of how important that cultural connection is to the vitality of an entire community. Of peoples across this region and across the United States. Yeah, and that's one of the things that we still struggle with a little bit is there are a lot of students that make this remarkable journey. They finish it and they don't wanna celebrate it. And so we actually host an annual banquet for our students each year. And a lot of our students, because of the cultural component of it, we have the drum, we have a pipe ceremony, all these different things. A lot of them tell us, hey, even more so than commencement, we look forward to this. But the cool thing about the banquet is we give out our stoles to our students.  And that is so important. Being the example, the public example is so critical to others. That is allowing yourself to be the inspiration. It's so important. A lot of our students will say, I'm not sure if I'm gonna walk in commencement. And one of the things I always say at the banquet is that traditionally we have what's called a victory song.  There was this victory song aspect. And we don't take the time sometimes in this sort of technological hustle and bustle as fast as you can go age. And that's one of the things that we really encourage our students. And like you said, it's not just for them. A lot of students who say, I don't wanna walk in commencement, I'll say it's for your kids. It's for your nieces and nephews. And it's for everybody to see another stole walking across the stage that signify how many native students we have graduating. This year we had 34, last year we had 45, which is a two-year high for the university. 45 was the most we've ever graduated at one point in time. And so we're at a point now where we're starting to hit about a few years ago. We hit our 1,000th American Indian graduate in BSU's history. And we're about 300 into our second 1,000 now. And it's just an amazing thing when those students do that and those kids get to see it. One of the things that I really, really advocated for when I first came to the Resource Center was to be as kid-friendly as possible. I'm gonna have to miss class, I don't have daycare. No, no, no, bring your kids in. We'll watch them for you. We'll let them hang around with us while you're in class. And it's a two-pole thing. It's to support the students, but also it's so that those young kids grow up knowing that, hey, I used to go to BSU all the time. I feel super comfortable there. I know the cool things they do. I know the programming they have. I know that I always have these things that are designated for kids, and we want that. We want our community to grow up knowing that BSU's for them. Bill Blackwell, Jr., thank you so much for sharing your experience, your leadership at the American Indian Resource Center at BSU. And thank you so much for your insights.


When I was growing up, Mount Holyoke was like my dream.  And it was highly touted in my high school in Rochester. And there was a group in my high school that was really sort of focused on seven sisters or similar type universities. And once I visited, my father took me actually, I think in my junior year of high school, I was, you know, I bought the sweatshirt and that was it. And I didn't, it's not like I got in early decision. I was weight listed. And, you know, I was mortified until the day I got in and accepted the day I got in.