Good morning everyone Good morning. Good morning Good morning. Go ahead and put in the chat Where you're from your name and where you're from so we can give our wonderful speaker an idea of some of the Cities that you guys are representing Okay, thank you Juan. I'm so glad that you said good morning because I was starting to get nervous that nobody could hear us And I hit the wrong button. So welcome. We've got Florida Here is County. Yes Little Rock Garland Alan Welcome guys. We're so excited. You're here. We're gonna officially start in about One more minute. We'll officially start just to give everyone some time to get in and look through the chat get familiar with the workshop and everything and I'm Christina. I did go and look at the live preview and you look great Alright Just wanted to I'm short. So I just wanted to make sure that You know, I actually see my face. I know I don't be tall virtually. I look really tall I was gonna have to go back and see if I could find some books or something to sit on about it Too short. No, you're good. You're good. Hi Barbara from Birmingham. I got to go to Birmingham for Nusa a few years ago It was so much fun Okay, miss Christina. Are you ready to get started? I am Perfect. So welcome everyone. Thank you so much for joining us For this wonderful workshop partnering with look with municipal or local government for neighborhood equity I don't know about you guys But I am super pumped that I get to be the host and and get to be here for this this workshop It's something I am so passionate about and so I can't wait to hear from from our speaker today My name is Tabitha Butler for those of you haven't met me yet I work for the city of Fort Worth in the communications and public engagement department and I have been on the planning committee for Nusa and it has been so much fun for the last year and a half getting ready for this So before we start I just want to remind you of some of the features that you have here in an event at the top right Hand side of your screen. You've got an inbox button. You can chat with anybody in the conference there So later you need to send be a message You can send it there if you have a question Go feel free to put it there But if you see, you know, somebody in the chat that you're like, man, I really want to connect with them That's how you can connect with them later You can use the chat function to Chat with each other chat with us if you're having a technical difficulty or have a question I'll try to address it during the presentation On the right hand side, you also have it's a little person in front of a chalkboard like a teacher That's where you can ask your questions. So I'm just going to ask that you put your questions there and Christina will answer them as she is able and Then I don't think we're doing any polls. So there but there's a poll button there And then all the people that are there so you can see everybody that's in the conference with you and then there is a Flyer a file under the little three papers that are all stacked up together and I will let Christina tell us about that during her presentation or after and So after going through all of those things, I hope that you use those tools to stay connected Since we can't be together per in person I did want to tell you about a feature that I learned earlier If you want to make your screen bigger go all the way down to the bottom of the screen Where we are and click there's like a little box that's kind of open and that will make your screen full screen So we can't see that on our end, but you guys can see that and make your screen bigger I've had a lot of questions about that come up today So we are so excited to introduce our wonderful speaker This is miss Christina Brooks and she is the city of Fort Worth chief equity officer and director of the diversity inclusion department and We are very proud to have her here today. So without further ado. I will turn it over to her Thank you so much, Tabitha and good morning. Good morning to everyone from all over the country I see Oregon and Alabama and Florida and of course our own Texas is represented in the room today in the virtual room today So I'm happy To talk to you this morning about partnering with local government for neighborhood equity And we're gonna jump right into the presentation as we go through the presentation. There'll be some Slides where I will ask for you to respond or give me some feedback and you can drop drop those Comments or answers to some of the questions that I'll have This is kind of the only way that we can be Interactive in a virtual environment. So Just drop your answers in In the chat and I'll be able to read some of those off as we move through the material today so Let's get started. All right, so the agenda for today's session We're gonna start out talking about the why why is this even a topic that we need to think about then we're gonna go through some Foundational definitions that are really important to having a constructive conversation in this space We're gonna talk about who our stakeholders are in this conversation the drivers for the work that we do ways of Accountability and then some takeaways and then we'll have time at the end for some Q&A Sound good to everybody. Give me a thumbs up in a virtual or yeah, that sounds good or No, this sounds like too much already First thing in the morning. So I have my coffee here. I hope everybody else has their cup of coffee I'm gonna be drinking it throughout the presentation. So let's let's get started So why are Inclusive diverse equitable and accessible neighborhoods important Why are they important? Want to hear your feedback in the chat What makes them? These particular types of neighborhoods important inclusive diverse equitable and accessible Why should we have those? All right? I'm seeing some thumbs up there Any ideas on why it's important to have inclusive diverse equitable and accessible neighborhoods or idea neighborhoods You got to talk back. I Need your feedback. Okay, some of the comments first comments. They're interesting and not cookie cutter. That's great They represent our city Stability those are all good answers anymore Because we all matter absolutely creates opportunities for all Absolutely Including all persons. Everyone has their strengths. Absolutely. These are all really great answers, right? It's healthy All is the operative word. These are really good Really good ideas on why it's so important for us to really consider the importance of having inclusive and diverse and equitable and accessible neighborhoods You know, there's also a lot of conversation around wealth generation when you talk about home ownership and safety issues When you talk about neighborhoods making sure that everybody has the opportunity to live in a really great safe neighborhood that has access to all the wonderful things that Typically homeowners look for good schools Great neighbors The aesthetic or the the the culture of a neighborhood can be unique And I think one of you already mentioned that so these are all really important ways that are Reasons behind why we want to make sure that our neighborhoods are equitable and Accessible and so before we start in on this Conversation because we're gonna dive a little deep if you're if you're okay with that this morning We have to have some foundational definitions for the words that we may use today when we talk about Equity or inclusion when we talk about bringing that to your neighborhood and Working hand-in-hand with your local government and so we're gonna define race Ethnicity and culture Now a lot of times people will use these words interchangeably and they're not really interchangeable terms because they have very Different meanings and so we'll talk a little bit about that And we'll get the definitions that we're gonna use for our conversations today and as context for what we mean when we say race in the context of Working with neighborhoods and local government what we mean when we say ethnicity and what we mean by culture and so Here's some working definitions race is actually a pretty contemporary Term and it is a social construct. It's based in economic Expedience and power and it has nothing to do with biology Right, but it does group human beings on shared phenotypes or or physical likeness or features and they usually are grouped together based on skin color or hair texture and And and a few other things that can be involved when you put a person or an individual in a racialized Category so when you talk about black or white or Asian or Hispanic it doesn't have anything to do with biology or DNA It's a social construct. That's really based on what you look like Now ethnicity is different because it is kind of based in biology and so it traces back a DNA connection to a human population group that originates from a particular geographic location or global region That's ethnicity Culture is something different all together, right? It's just a set of behaviors and beliefs and characteristics of a particular Social or ethnic or age group and it's the way that they live, right? It's the way that they choose to be in the world and they are those ideas of being or behaviors and beliefs are transmitted from one generation to another and so It can be Culture can be something that was established for adaptation or survival and It's distinguished Sometimes by an unspoken set of rules And values what what people eat how they behave how they respond in certain situations And then how they communicate so those are the three distinct definitions for what race is It's social construct Has nothing to do with biology. It's really just based on what people look like and how they're grouped based on what they look like phenotypes Ethnicity is a biological or DNA connection to a human population and then culture is just kind of a set of beliefs and ways of being that are that have generally emanated Because people had to adapt or a people had to adapt for survival and it involves All of these things like habits and foods and language patterns ways of thinking and communicating in different ways so does everybody I Kind of get what those three distinct differences are. They're not the same thing so now From now on whenever you hear people kind of try to use these words or terms interchangeably you can now tell them up race is not the same thing as ethnicity and Race and ethnicity is not the same thing as culture. They're all very different Alright so Using those three definitions now, let's get to what what exactly does equity mean and There are a lot of ways that equity is defined and this is something You know in your own communities. It's important for you to have a clear and shared in common Definition for what equity means in your community Because everybody can kind of pick and choose what that looks like in their community So you you need to make sure that you have a shared definition for this So I'm going to share with you what? Fort Worth's definition is When it comes to equity So for us in Fort Worth, it means the process of incorporating racial ethnic cultural and other identity group history in ensuring frameworks laws and policies and practices processes services activities are intentionally designed with accountability measures that produced fair impartial and just access and outcomes for all identity groups and communities These processes can and should be measured for improvement in progress especially pertaining to civil and human rights and protections under the law Because we want to ultimately at the end of the day We want to make sure that we're creating conditions for all to prosper while Acknowledging and accepting differences without requiring any identity group to assimilate So you shouldn't have to be become something else other than what you are in Order for you to thrive in any community. So that's what we mean in Fort Worth when we talk about equity Now there are some different Kind of underlying types of equity. So if we could look at equity kind of as this umbrella There are subcategories of equity That I also want to share with you before we kind of get into a more robust conversation about what this means when we're talking about neighborhood equity and partnering with local government. So you'll see on the screen there are five types of Equity at work. So there's procedural equity and that just means that an inclusive or accessible authentic engagement Representation in the process to develop or input So that's procedural equity making sure that when you're talking about programs that you may have at your local park Or programs that you may have at your community center. Is there procedural equity involved there? Are you looking at ways that that ensure? Everybody can participate in those programs Then there's Distributional equity, which means looking at programs and policies That result in fair distribution of benefits and burdens across all segments of a community and Prioritizing those with the highest need. So when you're talking about Distributional equity It's kind of making sure that everybody is is carrying their own weight, right there. They're pulling they have some skin in the game and that everybody is both contributing and benefiting at an Equitable rate and we're looking at those that have the highest need and prioritizing them Next we have structural equity And when we talk about structural equity, this means that decision makers institutionalize accountability So that when you start to think about how you can make things fair in programming or activities or laws that there's accountability attached to that and In that accountability the decisions are made with recognition of historical cultural and institutional dynamics and structures that have routinely advantaged or privileged Groups in society and resulted in chronic or cumulative disadvantage for subordinated groups, so making sure that you're taking into into Into the thought process The history like what has happened before when we've done things a certain way Who's really benefited and who hasn't and looking at that as structural equity Then we have transgenerational equity And this just means that decisions are made where you consider different generational impacts And you don't want you want to make sure that there's no kind of unfair burden On one particular generation than on another for another Specifically you don't want to kind of create all of these policies or programs that are great for your current generation But are really going to make it difficult for any future generations Coming along so you want to make sure that you're taking that into account And then finally transformational equity And this means that there's a distinct notion that communities Have indigenous capacity to govern and sustain themselves and their communities That they have voice and influence and agency In regional state or national affairs So this really comes from the idea that There are you know, you always have to have an outsider to come in and fix What's going on in your community Rather than supporting kind of homegrown Ideas and homegrown leadership Making sure that you have a good mix of both because you do want to introduce New ideas But you don't want to do that at the exclusion of the voices that may already be available In your community everybody needs to work together for the best outcomes in your neighborhoods And so we couldn't have this discussion without talking about power And what that means When you talk about relationships, there's always A power dynamic at work whether you Acknowledge it or realize it or not, but there's always this idea of power And so for our working definition of power It means the possession or control or command over others An authority or ascendancy a legal ability capacity Or delegated authority Right power also Can be understood as the ability to influence other or impose one's beliefs And all power like I said is relational And the different relationships either reinforce or just it disrupt one another And so um true power requires three key activities You have the ability to design rules You have the ability to decide who wins And you have the ability to tell the story Right you get to construct the story around The design of the rules and who wins Those three things are usually at work whenever you talk about power And so in the in the sense that we're talking about a relationship between government and community Designing the rules is usually legislation and ordinances or policies within Your city government and then deciding who wins is largely determined by the policy And the process how the process is set up does it is it set up so that One group or individuals Really has the advantage over another group Or does it is it equitable and everybody kind of has a fair shot And you're not going to know that until you actually do some really intense research and understand Impact as opposed to intent Right there are lots of well-meaning policies out there And nobody intended for the policy to actually Injure or be a barrier to anybody but Once it's actually in place when you start to track the data you you may start to notice that Wait a minute not everybody is getting the most out of this and so um Then you have uh, you know telling the story and that's communication, right? We have uh, you know, I would say 15 20 years ago There were really very specific channels where you could communicate Um what you wanted to say and what you wanted said and so with the In the age of social media That has kind of broken wide open So people can kind of tell their own story on social media platforms and you don't necessarily need to wait for Uh to watch it at the on the six o'clock news or read it in the newspaper people And communities generate their own story and so all of all three of these things Are a part of the conversation around power And so power is not only an individual relationship, but an institutional and systemic one Power relationships are shifting constantly. So you'll see things moving back and forth Uh between who holds the power who designs the rules who um Deciding who wins with the policy and then telling the story is really kind of that moving target all the time Because people have the ability to to tell their own story and define the situations for themselves and so um Individuals within an institution or system may benefit from power of which they are not aware So you don't always have to be like, uh in the know that you're wielding um this power But it doesn't change the fact that you have that power Um and based on those three things the design of the rule deciding who wins and telling the story That can shift. So it doesn't depend on whether or not you know that you have the power It just depends. Uh, it's really more about impact um and influence and so um Next let's kind of dive into um The next aspect of our conversation Knowing yourself and knowing your stakeholders So for our conversation today, um, we're going to talk about Uh this in the context of uh ask or or three specific Um Areas so awareness skills and knowledge Anytime you talk about equity or an inclusion Um, it really should start with these three concepts being aware Having a specific set of skills and having a specific knowledge or or being inquisitive to understand Uh kind of historical implications And so what we when we talk about ask, um, it's important for us to kind of understand us right understanding our own individual Identity and what kind of makes up our individual identity And so when we do that we look at all of the different layers or dimensions of Individual identity and at the core right there in the center that little yellow dot right in the middle middle You'll see that there is Individual personality right that's who that's kind of you know, when if you take a personality test if anybody is is familiar with MBTI or disc assessments or Any of those types of uh personality tests?  So that's at the core your individual personality Then you get into your individual identity And these are typically things that people may assume they can Assertain about you just by looking at you. We know that that's not That is not the best way to to go about Trying to understand people but with individual identity It's looking at things like your your race your ethnicity your age your ability your gender Those would be identified as your individual identity and then in the next layer of individual identity it comes to external identity and these are things that typically you you can't necessarily See just by looking at people but they're an important part of who we are so it can be anything from Your marital status your parental status. Do you have kids? um your geographic location your educational attainment Level these would all be considered external identity and then in the next layer we have organizational identity and this deals with kind of Who you are in the workplace, right? It can cover everything from your classification at work or seniority or Any anything along those lines Would be characterized as your organizational identity All the way down to things like where you actually work um the location of your office in an organization You know, are you on the top floor of the building or do you work in the basement or do you you know, are you in? uh a part of the uh organization in a building in the organization that people easily recognize Um and then finally you have your community identity and this one's pretty uh important because Community identity is really centered around access and proximity to things So this is really really where kind of the neighborhood And where you live as a part of your identity comes into play, right? You're looking at access to clean water and technology and quality schools and your relationship with public safety Transportation housing all of those things are a part of who you are And so when you think about all of these dimensions of us as individuals We don't see things in the world as they are We see things as we are We see them through this lens that develops over time through all of our layers of identity That were impacted and shaped and formed by our experiences our own uh exposure And our own socialization how we grew up What do you think about that do you agree or do you disagree? Do you think Christina? Uh, that's a bunch of poppy. I there's no way that Any of this stuff affects Who I am as an individual I determine that it doesn't have anything to do with you know where I live or my educational attainment or You know if I speak two languages or three none of that matters. What do you think? Give me some feedback Okay, I see a couple of people saying they agree All right You need a couple more people to respond absolutely Juan says absolutely agrees Barbara said she agrees All right, so it looks like um All right, chris says all those factors definitely affect how uh, how you see the world Um, david is saying very interesting. Yeah, um, this is some pretty pretty cool stuff. Um, so yeah all of those things Really play a part In being self-aware knowing yourself first So if you can begin to understand How you are and how you see the world Then you might begin to understand that My way of looking at things and my way of seeing the world is completely unique Right. There are people that may grow up In the same house with you Go to the same schools as you did But have completely different outlooks on life And that is because there is all of this infinite number of combinations Where are different layers of identity? Combined with our exposure and our own individual experiences Um make things uh very different even though we may have some things that are shared There is a lot That is completely unique to us So when we start to look at uh the world and we understand that My way of thinking about things could be completely unique to me and not everybody Uh could or should share that perspective Um, and so you need to think about that when you go into having conversations with um Other individuals So now let's talk about the stakeholders when we get into this conversation of how can we work um together with uh our local government and making our neighborhoods more equitable We have to think about this idea of who the stakeholders are And the different types of identity groups Um back on that identity wheel We're talking about when we think about community Who is Community who is a part of our community? so we think about In any neighborhood you're thinking about uh, you know home builders and musicians and uh The elderly and environmentalists and artists and restaurants and medical or healthcare facilities and educational institutions childcare grocery stores All of these organizations and then all of the different layers of identity individual identity individuals All kind of makeup what we would consider community stakeholders So making sure that they are all represented in the conversations is key To to centering equity Then on the other side when you look at local government And you start to think about okay, how how does my local government really impact? um my neighborhood And for most localities you're talking about transportation You're talking about um the criminal justice system. You're talking about uh economic development.  All the way down to it and broadband access or internet access that's within the neighborhoods so having all of the local government stakeholders And all of the community stakeholders Looking at ways that we can come together and network How we are allocating money Towards the priorities that we develop together And then sitting down and talking about it talking through it Understanding that when you come into those conversations It's it shouldn't be an all or nothing conversation, right? I either get everything I want or I don't want anything When you come into the conversation like that, um, I I hope that there are you know, maybe there are some parents out there I myself my husband That does not work, right? If our kids come to ever came to us with that type of all or nothing attitude um They would get a really swift answer and it would not be the answer That they probably wanted and so being able to come to the table with an open mind Willing to hear and understand and learn from each other, right? There's no kind of uh one Stakeholder that should hold more power Than the other stakeholder if all things are equal and you're working together in the conversation to make sure that You're prioritizing things that you can agree on And you're allocating resources sufficient resources to those things Um together based on priorities that you develop collaboratively And so what are some of those ways that um neighborhoods and local governments can partner on? Um, I need to hear from you. What are some of the ways that you can think of or maybe Ways that you've already partnered with your local government What are some of those ways? Anybody have any experience working with your local government on a project Together like you as an individual or maybe even your neighborhood organization any ideas Ah, okay. Tina said crime stoppers or cops Yes, there are lots of national nights out across the uh the country matching grants. Yep For resident led neighborhood projects. Yes, absolutely neighborhood cleanups Um communication listening helping to solve all of these things are great. Oh, yeah, um neighborhood planning Um, excellent. These are all really really pertinent ways that you can work with your local government So here's a a list that that I put together and everybody just keep uh, um Putting them in the chat. I'm going to go over the ones that are on the slide so These are some pretty common ones Um, and certainly things that are happening here in Fort Worth. So we work with neighborhoods uh on sidewalks making sure that um Our sidewalks are in good repair And prioritizing neighborhoods Um that were typically under resourced uh in the past and making sure that if their sidewalks are not great Uh that we prioritize those when we have uh additional funding And make sure that we help uh communities fix those sidewalks. So again, everybody has an opportunity to thrive and have A great neighborhood a safe neighborhood.  Um, but Street lights an important activity that you can partner with your local government You can certainly partner with them and I see those kinds of uh, um Comments in the chat about public safety working with your local local law enforcement But also don't just limit it to law enforcement Also working with your fire department on health care issues As well as your local judicial system um working with parks, um To make sure that you know, if you you have some open land, um, that's in your area What does it take to turn that open land into a city park? Or taking an existing park that may um not have gotten the love that it probably deserved Over the years and making sure that we kind of spruce it up and make sure that we plant flowers and Keep the grass cut and maybe add some playground equipment or something like that Then also community centers Looking at policy around affordable housing. This is really a big one all across the united states now and then also, um land use and zoning Schools and universities economic development in your area making sure that you know, your neighborhood has walkability And you can walk to a grocery store or walk to a health care facility In your neighborhood looking at section three workforce. So Those that are trying to get on their feet and public housing making sure that we're still utilizing their skills whenever the city has construction projects Both horizontal which means moving up and then Or i'm sorry horizontal flat Ah, sorry. It's already been a morning. See I need to take another cup of coffee Set for my coffee, but horizontal construction Which includes parks and then also vertical construction those built environments where you're building a A facility and then health care and prevention. That's where I mentioned that you can uh, certainly partner with um your fire department because typically all fire departments have um A health care component to them. Um, where uh, they have emergency Emergency personnel on on staff. Uh, and then also environmental sustainability um Checking to see if there are brown fields near your Uh communities and how can you? uh partner to um To make sure that uh all of those things are taken into consideration and then Transportation water and utilities infrastructure and then public art is also a way that you can partner with your local government um, and and that's that's really a key one as well because uh sometimes um public art Uh May overlook kind of your local talent that you have right there in your backyard uh burgeoning artists Who would you know have grown up? uh born and bred in those areas And when there's an opportunity for a big major public art project Making sure that you're checking in in your own backyard to see hey, who are the artists that are right here that can possibly Work on these public art projects and you don't always necessarily have to go to europe or or Uh anywhere outside the united states or even outside your state or even outside your city Um to find really great artists That would be honored uh to provide public art Right there in your community So now we have to talk about trust um because anytime you talk about relationships trust has to be um at the foundation of it and if there's no trust you really don't have any uh legitimate partnership that's going to last um and uh Or produce meaningful results So we're going to talk about uh, you know regular meetings focus groups and then survey participation as ways that um communities and Our neighborhoods and local governments Uh can actually help establish trust when you have proactive regular meetings um and proactive focus groups and proactive survey participation Those go a long way to building trust Rather than meeting with communities after the fact After uh, you've already developed the plan and then you kind of roll it out and say hey Don't you love it? This is what we thought you might like and we're going to do this because we've already allocated the money for this those kinds of situations don't really lend themselves to Uh great uh relationships and they certainly don't build trust so making sure that people um all Identity groups and all those community partners that we identified in earlier slides have an opportunity to to really get Get together um and develop that trust by having Conversations, right? That's how you build any relationship Um, if any of you are in a relationship, you know that you can't really build the relationship if you don't talk often Right if you don't talk consistency consistently Um, there may be times when you know, you had a really strong relationship with someone And there was a period of time where you didn't talk But then when you get back together again, it's you pick up right where you left off Those are great but um, just as a rule of thumb You want to make sure that you are continuing to have conversations um with your local partners Uh on a regular basis and that whenever there's a focus group or a survey that you participate Because if you don't participate That's when um decisions are made and you know things get built or uh Money is spent and and then you know, you're kind of like wait, what? How did that happen? And then inevitably they'll say well, we had a focus group and you know like three people showed up Or we sent out a survey and the response rate was really low So we had to move on this and we just moved with the information that we had So if you really want to build trust And you really want to have a strong partnership between neighborhoods Communities and your local government You got to show up and you got to show up consistently and you got to make sure that everybody's voice Is represented in those meetings not just the loudest voice Or the voice that has time on their hands But all the voices that are represented in the identity of your neighborhood should be present And if they can't be present Then making sure that there is someone who represents their voice in the room in those focus groups Submitting those surveys and at those regular meetings okay, so We identified kind of four steps to equity in your neighborhood or community um, and it starts with Those ideas that we went over in the initial part of our conversation number one acknowledging how history An individual identity shapes perspective and outcomes Acknowledging how history An individual identity shapes perspectives And outcomes you've got to acknowledge that first If you really want equity a sustainable model for equity you got to acknowledge that So you can't just uh, sometimes well if you're a new brand new neighborhood and there is no history Then you know that could be a different story, but chances are even if it's a brand new neighborhood The land that that neighborhood sits on has a history So doing your research and finding out what is the history not just of this neighborhood development But what is the history of the land? What used to be here who used to be here before? And understanding that that's the first step number two is including foundational definitions of race ethnicity culture and principles of equity Making sure that everybody understands what you mean when you say race What you mean when you say ethnicity What you mean when you say culture? And how you are defining your principles of equity Then number three is determining And operationalizing drivers for equity and we'll get into that one in a little bit And then number four is Probably one well, there's these are all important But if you're not doing number four the other three things really don't matter If you are not incorporating accountability and measurement into your equity plans for neighborhoods You're never going to know if you're improving and I'm going to tell you that Having a good story to tell is great But that is not what we mean when we say measurement Because you have one good story to tell after you implemented something Does not accountability or measurement make right? You need a good story to back up the data That you collected Right to confirm the data or deny the data that you collected But a standalone story an anecdotal story Is not measurement that is not accountability It makes people feel good If it's a great story, it makes people feel good or if it's a bad story, it'll make people feel bad But it doesn't really get to the accountability or measuring progress And what you ultimately want to see And so okay, so now we're going to talk about what are the drivers For centering equity in neighborhoods So the first driver that I want to talk to you about Is local data policy process laws and ordinances These are critical To driving equity and equity plans Understanding what your local data looks like. How are you collecting it? What kinds of things are being captured? Who is collecting it? Where is it being stored and say is it secure? Or is it open to cyber attack or or You know, can anybody just go in and change the numbers if they don't like what it says Understanding your local data is critical And then looking at your policies and processes and your laws and ordinances All of these things play a critical part And kind of drive where your equity plan Will go where it has the ability to go and where it doesn't have the ability to go So depending on what your data looks like how it's being collected if it's even being collected What the current policies or processes are and what laws you actually have on the books Are driver one in determining how beneficial or how Impactful your neighborhood equity plans can be So you want to operationalize Each one of these areas You want to operationalize The data and these are things that I just kind of went over with you Again, you want to take it back to looking at historical data And looking at okay um, what does this data say about how different populations are impacted or were impacted by a particular policy or process or law So you have to use that historical context remember ask Looking at awareness and then skills and then knowledge, which is the history understanding history So if your data is being collected where you're not collecting demographic information And you can't do that assessment to find out how different identity groups are being impacted That's something that you might want to reconsider Making sure that okay great. You're collecting data, but you need to start collecting demographic Information with the data so that you can kind of really dig into it and find out okay Is this zoning policy benefiting specific groups? And is it negatively impacting other groups or is this process working for everybody? Or does this policy or this process Give advantage to able-bodied individual and Disabled individuals or persons with disabilities They really don't have access to this um, and looking at laws and ordinances Again taking it through that historical process. Okay. How is this impacted? Specific groups those community stakeholder groups those individual identity groups. How does this impact them? so history An impact right taking all of these drivers through that process and really digging into it and finding out Um, is this the best thing for everyone in our community? The second driver is local resource allocation, right? This is a biggie. This is a biggie because you can have all of these grand plans But if there's no money or resources or human capital behind it, um, it's probably not going to happen So looking for a way to make sure that you have these local resources Uh, and looking at operationalize like operationalizing these drivers So operationalizing financial capital Human capital the people that it takes to get it done And then the time that it takes to get it done being very clear on that some of these ideas that um neighborhoods may want to see these neighborhood plans They may take years to actually um achieve So understanding and being realistic about the time frame that it's going to take and again, uh taking it back through um, uh that list of uh history Looking at history. How does this uh, how does this how how has this historically Worked out when we've allocated this amount of money And we've only put this number of people behind this project and we've given them this amount of time How has that worked out for us? Has it been successful or not? So history and impact when you're talking about operationalizing drivers The third driver is um alliances Relationships and numbers This is really key Because you could have uh one person that has a great idea But if they're standing alone and nobody else agrees with that uh idea Or they you know, nobody wants to Push that forward Uh, you don't have an alliance. You you haven't built relationships across groups identity groups and community groups And you won't have the numbers to make sure that it becomes a reality So again operationalizing those drivers and making sure that As you develop alliances That you you look for ways to engage different groups That you shouldn't just be uh kind of go it alone stand on your own We're going to push this through if nobody else agrees with us. You can do that um But it's very rare that those are Successful and even if they are successful, they're short term They're short term wins. So again, this is something you got to determine in your own community Would you rather have a short term win? Would you rather have a sustainable program? that multiple groups and stakeholders across multiple identity groups are uh behind you on and that's where you build the strength in your relationships And that's where you get your numbers to make sure that things advance Uh in your relationship with local government All right So now we're into the accountability and measurement, right? Uh, like I said, this is this is uh pretty key.  You've got to develop accountability you can see Right. It's it's not We're kind of moving away from this kind of pie in the store Pie in the sky Let's just tell a good story and then that'll be enough. Nope. We got to have data behind it, right? So we need to know Um, who are the decision makers or decision-making bodies? That would be accountable for making progress And it's not always let me just tell you it's not always the person that has the title, right? They typically have to answer to somebody else or someone or another body themselves so Don't always necessarily just focus on someone because they have a title But look at okay. How does what is the organizational structure here? And who are the real decision makers? um that are at work And who controls or influences those drivers that we talked about who controls the data who has access access to it who influences policy and process law Financial capital human capital timelines Alliances relationships and numbers, right? And when we talk about decision-making bodies sometimes those are um boards commissions uh committees Whether they are ad hoc or standing um, you have to take those uh bodies into consideration when you are developing an accountability or measurement for a specific goal Um, so you got to think about what accountability levers you can incorporate into your partnerships Like what is going to you know, what's going to what's what does that lever look like? What can you use? um as part of the accountability And what is the impact to the vulnerable identity groups? um Again, we're not talking about intent you can have great intent like oh, I meant for this to go well um I didn't mean for the Uh, you know wedding cake to fall off the table, but guess what if it's on the floor. It's on the floor Um, not doesn't matter if your heart was in the right place. It's the cake still on the floor So you got to look at impact Right, you got to look at what this is actually Uh talking about. Um, and so uh to dive a little deeper into developing measure data measures you can count um You got to ask these key questions Is it being tracked somewhere now? And if it's not who can? And how can they start tracking it? Second question is are you collecting demographic information with the data? Are you collecting information on? information on ethnicity are you collecting information on age are you collecting information on language? um, all of these things are part of what we call demographic information making sure that you're collecting that so you can understand individual identity group impact Another question is is the data governance and security in place? Do you understand is there a system for collecting the data that's consistent? Or is it just at the limb of whoever wants to collect the data and then if if that's happening It's not really going to be an apples to apples comparison from year to year Because it's going to be a you know, they will have used a completely different process to collect data So you want to make sure that your data governance and security of the data is in place Another question is is the data collection and analysis? um Is there a collection? An analysis point, which means Is there one point of contact or is the data just kind of out there where anybody has the opportunity to manipulate the data or change the data If they want to so you need to make sure this is kind of feeds into the security there That the data you're collecting has one access point Or a responsible access point Another question is the data and analysis transparent and easily accessible to everyone so If it's accessible on a website How many clicks in does it take to get to the data? Or is there a dashboard that anybody can just go to one landing page and find it? And are the metrics measuring the right things this is really really important you got to make sure that You're not just kind of picking metrics or measurements Because you you've googled it and you found one But it really doesn't pertain to what you ultimately want to see but it sounds really good You got to make sure that you are measuring the right things So sometimes it's good to work backwards Find out and determine what you want And then work backwards. Okay, what information can we collect that will tell us How this is improving? And then the last few is there a robust form of impact analysis by vulnerable identity groups Are you measuring impact on parts of your community that? Don't have a regular Um and equal voice at decision-making tables And then last but not least for the timelines realistic, you know when you come up with a plan You, you know, everybody is like all into these into smart goals and those are great But you don't want to create an unrealistic time frame and have people in your community thinking that you're going to have world peace in two years Right, you need to make sure that you are Looking at short-term goals that low-hanging fruit that you can get done really quickly And then looking at long-term plans like what's going to take a generation to figure out if this was really worth all of the The effort that we put in and so you want to make sure that you are incentivizing consistent engagement Um, you want to avoid the chicken little syndrome where you know everything is is Uh The chicken little syndrome where you know, nobody wants to participate when all the work has to get done But then uh, everybody wants to jump on when things go bad Uh, or there's a major failure again, you've got to pay attention to Who and how the work Leading to those outcomes is getting done making sure that they have the resources and the people people and money To actually get it done uh, and you need to incentivize making sure that you get that participation whether it's in a In a survey or In a survey or uh in a focus group or in regular meetings And then think critically right Nothing is cut and dry right. There's always a great area and most things that Uh, we talk about Uh, nothing is is generally going to be all good or all bad There's usually a backstory there and so it becomes our responsibility when we're trying to to match Uh communities and local governments together to get to that history the reason um the focus Uh and focus on tested verified facts and truth Right things that can be verified by multiple Uh resources or sources um I cannot stress enough how important that is Uh in the age of social media Where anybody can kind of tell their own story Um, that is amazing. That's great. That's an advancement But your story needs to be valid and it needs to be backed up with facts and truth And so you need to start looking at first source narratives and accurate data To tell the complete story right you you shouldn't just have a bunch of Stories with no data and you shouldn't just have a bunch of data with no stories You need both of them to come to the table with local government To make sure that that is guiding the work that you're doing together All right That is what i've got for you Um now I want to open it up for questions Uh, I was trying to catch some of them, but there are some that were really long So I couldn't really read all of them and uh present So are there any questions out there? Uh For me or any questions on the information That we went over So christina, um nicole pro it did put a question in the question answer Part she said she's asking these definitions are awesome She's referring to the beginning when we were talking about all the different definitions Do you also have a definition for justice or do you think justice is related to the impact or intent of power? Oh, absolutely. Absolutely. We didn't we didn't talk about it in this presentation because when you talk about, uh, justice that is, uh That deserves its own presentation by itself It is the incorporation Of all of the concepts that we talked about today In the context of law And so, um, it is it's definitely applicable Um here, but we only I only had I've only had a certain amount of time And I could not fit all of the aspects, um In that space in here, but you're absolutely right justice is definitely Uh a part of the conversation when you talk about um neighborhood equity and working with uh your local government Yes, for sure. I know I wish we had all day, right? All week early we could talk about all this for for days Yeah, this can this could be like a semester long class Of course, I know So, um mark has a question as well And if you guys don't know our mark helman, he used to be work for the city of fort worth But now he lives in belt u in washington and he's asking What are some encouraging signs that you see in fort worth? What is working? Encouraging signs um that people are still engaged Um one of the greatest things about uh the work that i've um been doing here I've only been here just a little over a year. So i'm originally from texas, but san antonio We moved away and and we're in indiana for about 16 17 years and it came back to texas and the work In the space of diversity equity inclusion had already started with the race and culture task force 22 residents from fort worth got together they came up with 22 recommendations across seven different areas and people are constantly our department is responsible for tracking the progress Of those 22 recommendations people are constantly checking in Um and saying okay, what happened? What's going on in those seven key areas of criminal justice? education economic development governance health housing Transportation they want to see progress and so that's really key to making sure that this stays top of mind um in in on the government side um and in the community so people being engaged and uh the review of those recommendations and strategies and progress That's underway right now with our human relations commission A group of 11 again Fort Worth residents That are reviewing that because that originally that plan was a five-year plan. It's due uh the deadline is uh in 2023 So they're looking at it right now. Okay. Do these metrics? Make sense. Is this timeline realistic? Are there resources? uh sufficient resources being allocated to achieve these strategies that we set out and the strategies that have been achieved Okay, can they be replaced with something new? So this ongoing dynamic process that's taking place Is encouraging Because it lets me know that people didn't just uh have these conversations beginning in 2017 as a one-off in reaction or response to something uh tragic That happened uh in our community. It started the conversation, but they haven't stopped and the work that's being done behind the scenes is also Really encouraging. We still have a lot of work to do. Don't get me wrong This is going to be a It's going to be a yeoman's job to make sure that it all takes place But people aren't forgetting about it and they they are um constantly Asking and pushing and probing and that's always a great thing Yes, for sure. I I see that in anything that we do with our neighborhoods and just as a resident of fort worth and being around Fort Worthians, it's definitely a top of mind and continue a conversation Um, which you know that engagement is there So we have time for one more question. Um, it's from rebecca. She says, how do you reconcile the economic equity lens in a community? That's a mouthful So let me make sure I understand the question. How do you reconcile? Uh, what was the last part the economic equity lens in a community? Ah, so economic development So again, this is an area that I could have just done a whole presentation on economic development in neighborhoods Uh, one of the best examples that we have going on right now in fort worth is the stop six uh area um, it is a neighborhood uh revitalization area stop six if you know anything about fort worth is uh, historically um, one of the oldest african-american neighborhoods That was um under resource for many years and so you saw a lot of decline in decay and infrastructure um businesses um, just you know, no grocery stores all that and and in the past uh several years Well last year the city won a 30 over 30 million dollar grant in partnership with fort worth housing solutions to um, kind of be uh, uh, a starting point for economic revitalization in an under-resourced neighborhood historically under-resourced neighborhood So it starts with mixed-use development in affordable housing and retail grocery stores, uh, and um, we're working side by side with the school district To see ways that we can improve the school system because a lot of times that has a major impact on attracting um economic development to a specific neighborhood so there are lots of ways that um, you can work with uh, your local government to make sure that you turn the page and shift the conversation and actually see progress when it comes to economic uh stability or stabilizing um historically under-resourced uh area and making it, uh, you know become an engine an economic engine for the community bringing in uh grocery stores bringing in retail bringing in job centers, uh, that are within walking distance to affordable homes All of those things can happen, but again it requires a partnership Um and multiple departments in the city. It's not I know economic development usually has the title But it it takes economic development. It takes Uh, whichever department in your city covers land use and zoning It takes transportation and public works when they talk about street and infrastructure and water uh replacing old pipes All of those things all of those departments have to come to the table with communities to kind of plan What needs to happen and how you want it to happen and how quickly you want it to happen While being able to maintain the culture that exists in your neighborhood today that you shouldn't have to Change or assimilate into being something that you don't want to be necessarily In order for money to flow into your community Thank you so much for that. So I wish we had time for more questions But we don't there are a couple more questions Um there and we'll make sure that christina gets those and hopefully maybe she can reach out um and connect with you guys to answer those for you Um, please, uh, remember that this session was being recorded. I did see something in the comments It said somebody wants to go back and watch it again because they they want to get more out of it So thank you so much christina for your time. Um for supporting our our team and being here for nusa. We really really appreciate it Um, we've got um, you've got a few minutes guys to go to the restroom grab a drink grab a snack Um and head to your next workshop. Um, thank you so much for being here everyone I learned a lot. I have like two pages of notes over here And i'm definitely going to be connecting with christina for some books or materials for to dig into to learn even more So thank you so much. We greatly appreciate you You're so welcome. Everybody. Have a great afternoon and enjoy nusa. Yes. Thank you Bye. Bye everyone


We are here at DEF CON 30 with MK Factor yet again, who designed an incredibly cool DEF CON 30 badge. And I have the goon one here and the human one here. And I remember when I came out of registration, all I could hear was all the notes it was making. When you said earlier, the inspiration was sounds around DEF CON. This is definitely not what I had in mind. And what was so funny is on the goon badge specifically, I heard special notes to it. So all of a sudden, if you push a button, I hear this, make a hole. Which is what all the goons shot when the crowds get a little too close and it's a little against fire code. How many badges did you end up making? You have the goon one, you have the human one. Yeah, so we made nine different badges plus the Uber. You said ten different badges? Yeah. So I think of like, will you be able to name them all? There's goon, speaker, human. CFP, village, contest. Press. Press. Press. Sorry, couldn't understand what you were saying. Press, where are we at? Speaker. Gosh, there's so many of them and each one has different sounds specifically for it. Every one of them, the art and the DJs and the music, all of them have different noises. So I know there's still a lot of discovery. What can you tell me about the badges? So one of the coolest parts about it is that it's a sampling keyboard. So not only do you have the built-in sounds, you can record your own sounds and play those and shift them up and down the keys. Oh my goodness. So there's a microphone and a line input to record your own stuff. As an aside, what you do not want to do is hook your own line out to your own line in. Right. What will actually happen if you do that? So if you do that, the audio amplifier chip immediately destroys itself. Like goes up in smoke. Yes, literal smoke. Oh my goodness. We call it permanent silent mode. I remember I had a teacher who said all electronics are powered by magical smoke. Is it the smoke ever leaves the device? Well, stop working. You'll let the smoke out. You'll let the smoke out. So I also noticed you added an SAO port as well. Yeah. How early did you make that decision? Very early. That was one of the things that was kind of requested that we have on there. And being part of the Badge Life community, it's been a thing. And so, yeah, we were happy to be able to fit it on there. Was there any inspiration you took from someone else's badge?  I want to do something like that. Or was this just completely... So last year at DEF CON, I was talking to a guy. Yeah, I remember his name. And he's like, wouldn't it be cool to have a musical badge? And I said, that would be the coolest thing. Because music is my life. I love music. I do a lot of singing and I'm slowly learning how to play the piano. And so I was like, that would be really cool. So we sat on it until when we started talking. And we also love Bob's Burgers. And Gene has a sampling keyboard. I was like, what is better than a sampling keyboard? Nothing. So that was our start. That is so cool. Again, you just hear him being played around the conference of people playing around with him. Have you seen anyone actually hacking? I mean, it's the first day. People just got their badges today. Yeah, I've seen quite a few people hacking, dumping code, disassembling, trying to figure out what it does and how. And I've seen lots of good theories and lots of crazy theories. Any advice for someone who's just picking up a badge of how they can start going into the badge and messing around? Are we talking like challenge-wise or just playing with it? Because both. I mean, playing with it, most of the stuff is there's kind of on-screen instructions, you know, kind of guide you through it. And just play with it.  You'll see what the differences are and see what's out there. Oh, I cannot. This, I have been coming to Def Con for a very long time, yet I don't think I have ever seen anything which has used both a line in and in line out where you're actually recording different sounds. Like, this is definitely one of a kind. Out of curiosity, like, at one point, you said, like, you said something which was one of these components was the most expensive components. Which one was it? Was it the chip? Was it the audio conductors? Um, I think the single most expensive component on there is the screen. Okay. We had to get it specially made so that it would fit the badge. Okay. Because we needed to have a shorter lead. I don't... Cable. Cable. Okay. So most of these types of displays, they've got a little flex connector on the bottom. And usually they're really long because they're meant to go to the bottom side of a board because the top is flat for the screen. We needed the opposite. And so these are custom created for us. There's very short cables so that they fit on the top of the badge. Oh, that's so cool. The other piece of this is we talked about such how the artwork is such a heavy impact in the badge, especially, like, if there was no artwork, it's effectively a circuit board that plays music with some really, really great challenges on it. For the artwork, obviously, there's a keyboard. What else inspired you with the artwork on the badge? Well, I was curious to what... So the shape is what mostly inspired me for the human one, right? And on my phone case, I have a concert tape. And I was like, wouldn't that be just funny? Because, like, we're doing music. We need a mixtape. So we have our Def Con 30 mixtape. Mixtape, right? So this is our mixtape that we have running around. I imagine homecoming, too, for most people. Think of, like, Back to the Future, Marty McFly, like, putting in the tape deck. Or even, like, you know, new movies, Guardians of the Galaxy, where there's just the mixtape. And I think it's cool that you have an official mixtape for Def Con 30, especially with so much of the music. And obviously, it makes sense with it being the sounds of Def Con. Right. Some of the other ones, you'll see, we have the mixtape again on some of the other artwork. Not these ones, like your speaker one. And that's my bad, because some of it's all covered up in here. But I didn't know how to, like, bring that artwork out. So if you ever get looking under there, on the speaker one, there's the mixtape is on there again. The mixtape is on the back of the press one as well. So not all of them have it, but most of them. Yeah, these are really cool. It is amazing, just the sheer amount of artwork. I love the style of it too, because sometimes you get this very rigid style on some of the artwork. And again, it fits the badge really well. Like, last year was very square, so it was very rigid artwork. I love almost like the cartoony-like style in here. I think it fits the theme really well. So legitimately, I actually think this is a really cool badge. I haven't seen anything like this before. It is massively sophisticated. But the thing I have is, like, when you purchase this badge, there's a list of, like, don't do this, or you will, you're frying your badge.  I have no idea what I'm doing with badge design or hardware for the most part. Was there problems like that? Like, how frequently do problems like that happen in, like, I think of, like, some of the audio equipment I have. If I do a loop, like, come out of audio in and out and do that, either A, it will detect it or B, it won't, like, go up and smoke. Why do those issues exist in this badge and not in those things? So there are multiple reasons, one of which is I'm not an audio engineer. And so mistakes were made, obviously, right? I designed the circuit poorly. We ran into supply chain issues, of course, which I'm not making excuses, but, you know, we ended up having to change things last minute again, and the circuit didn't get fully vetted the way it should have. And so... Yeah, there wasn't any time. There was no time to get extra prototypes and everything, and so did the best I could, and we ended up having this problem and not finding it until too late. Well, the question I also have, though, is even in the best circumstances and things like that, these banders don't just, like, oh, they're going like a piece of electronic that gets encapsulated in clothes. People are wearing them, they're banging around, they're hitting things. People are also, like, soldering on top of them, connecting wires, they're going around Vegas, things are connecting pins. So you made them really, really resilient, but some of those things, is it, like, even with a chip shortage and things like that, like, oh, this chip wouldn't have had those issues, but the chip we had to use, you know, doesn't have, like, a resistor or something like that to prevent these type of issues? Yeah, so if we want to get a little technical here, what happens is the amplifier we're using is made to drive a speaker, and it does that really well. We are abusing it to also provide a line out, which it's not meant to do, and it doesn't have proper protection for that, and it drives the speaker with a differential output, which means it flips the voltage back and forth between the two pins. So one is not grounded, one's positive, they're flipping back and forth, and so when you plug it back into the input, now one of those outputs is referenced to ground, and it shorts and kills the amplifier. Okay, so this chip, you're actually using a chip which was easily not intended for this purpose. Not at all. So it was made to just drive a speaker, which is great. That's really cool. Is there other chips like that? And again, whether it's chip shortage or things like that, was there other pieces on the board where you're like, this was not intended to work this way, but I am most definitely putting it on here? Yeah, absolutely. So this is kind of meant to be a little bit retro, right? It's running 8-bit audio, which is mostly a limitation of the parts we had and could get, and so the inputs are kind of staticky and whatnot because the input op amp is not audio rated, it's not for that, it's just a general op amp, and so it's not perfect, right? And again, prices and, you know, there are compromises that have to be made. And same with the main microcontroller, it doesn't have any DSP capabilities or anything like that, so all the audio processing is just happening in software, which is also not great. And so it's just tons of compromises and things being forced to do what they shouldn't because time and money and everything.  So like that is incredible. And I even noticed like even the things like the touch pads, I cannot imagine like, again, maybe you know the history of this, when this type of pad came into being, we'll say, was it meant to be a touch pad or no? I honestly don't know the history of that type of thing, but even on this board, we're not doing it the proper way for touch. And why is that? I guess what would be the proper way? And so there are chips dedicated for capacitive touch, because it's a complicated thing.  Your hands are sweaty or not? Yeah, people with, yeah. You said if your hands are sweaty or not, like damp or sweat or anything like that? So I have sweaty hands and he has dry hands. And so when we were playing with it, he's like, why do you keep getting it to do weird things? He's like, I don't know. So yeah, so it's very finicky because it's not made to do that. When you said there's chips dedicated, so are you running this in a chip which really is not meant to do this? So we're running that straight into the RP2040 main microcontroller. So yeah, and I'm ashamed to say this, it's a two core processor. One core is just doing that. That's its only job in life is run the touch controls. Because it's such a time sensitive thing and we need it to be consistent. And so that's all one core does running at 125 megahertz. All it does is touch bits. For the budget you had, I really cannot believe how much functionality you put into this. Like sincerely, this may be the coolest badge I have yet to see at DEF CON and I can think of no other conference but DEF CON 30, like the 30th anniversary, which this like to see something like this. And so thank you. Thank you so much for making such a cool badge. I hope you guys enjoyed watching. Thanks for watching. Check out the badge and hack on.


All right, so thank you all for being here first talk of the day after ravi is kind of a challenge, but Hopefully we'll make it fun so my name is Julian is a I'm one of the three co-founder at Arjen and This morning. I'll be talking about account abstraction why it's it's a game changer for the UX of dApps But I think an alternative title of my talk could have be how to scale self-guest study so let me start with a pretty obvious statement and I hope we all agree in this room that self-guest study matters, right? Blockchain is an amazing technology that for the first time can enable true digital ownership But of course you don't really own an asset if you give custody to someone else to a third party And I think the recent event of this summer with the problem with Celsius is kind of a good wake-up call of what Bad things can happen if we rely on custodial solutions But of course we all know that self-guest study is hard right if we look at crypto Twitter We'll see every day users, you know Explaining how they lost access to their assets or how the assets got got stolen And I mean sometimes these people are expert if you look at the tweet on the top right It comes from huge you got the founder of a well-known d5 project So even experts are making mistake and are basically struggling with with self-guest study So the question is why self-guest study is so hard right and We believe that urgent that the problem lies in how ethereum accounts were designed At the beginning of ethereum. It really lies at the heart of the EVM So let me dig a little bit into ethereum account to try to understand Why there are a problem and then see how we can fix that. So this is pretty basic I'm sure all of you know about ethereum accounts, but I think sometimes it's always good to take a step back and see things with a different perspective So we all know that on ethereum. There's two type of account Externally on accounts or eoA is in short that can initiate transactions And then you have contract accounts that can contain logic and we know that an eoA as an address for identification Announced to make transaction unique And a balance to in ease to pay transaction fees and we say that a user owns an account Through a pair of cryptographic keys also called a signer, right and what's the link between the two? Well the address of the account is derived from the public key of the signer and Transaction from the account can only be initiated by the private key of the signer So there's really a link between the two and on ethereum that link is not is not random You will need to use a very specific signature scheme cause you see the essay on a very specific elliptic curve Secp to 56k1 the details are not that important But what matters is that all of this is outcoded all of that logic is outcoded in the eoM And so if we take a step back We see that in the user space We have the signer the key pair and then on ethereum We have the eoA with all the eoM logic to validate and execute transactions And we see that there's really a type coupling between the two right these are basically two side of the same coin and That's kind of the problem because on ethereum We have merged the concept of the signer the object that's authorized to spend your token with the concept of the account The object all did your tokens on ethereum They are basically two side of the same coin and that's of course a problem Because if the signer is the account and vice versa that means that if you lose your signer you've lost everything If I have your signer I have your tokens right that basically means that on ethereum the entire security relies on users Managing a secret this private key designer are all cost and as a user you cannot make a mistake if you make a mistake you lose everything And I mean if there's one thing we've learned from 40 years of the internet is that we humans We suck at managing passwords and we humans we make mistake So of course I mean this is absurd and and this This concept this paradigm will never work for mainstream users I mean do we really expect the next billions of users to basically being able to manage that single secret at all cost? I mean we're pretty convinced that the answer is no so can we do better and Fortunately, yes, we can do better and there's something called account abstraction The idea of account abstraction is is really to decouple that relation between the signer in the account With account abstraction every account is a smart contract that can contain its own logic For example, you you may want to use a different signature scheme Or you may want to use a different elliptic curve Or maybe you want to use multiple signers to validate transaction think of a native multi-seq or maybe you want To rotate your signer based on some logic that you've defined with account abstraction all of this is possible Another way to see it is that on a complete account abstraction every account is a smart contract with custom logic that can initiate transaction So no smart contract Can become top-level accounts and the good news is that with true account abstraction There's no more EOS right because every single account is a smart contract And you may have heard about account abstraction lately But actually it's not a new concept if we look back we see that Vitalik started talking about account abstraction as early as 2016 with the first EIP been proposed early 2017 EIP 86 We are Arjen and people like Gnosis with the Gnosis safe We started building smart contract quality in 2018 which basically were a form of account abstraction The idea was really to solve these these UX problem for self custody using smart contract But we did so at the application layer and we came with idea like social recovery fraud monitoring and so on In 2020 there was a new EIP again Led by Vitalik EIP 29 38 where the idea was to add a new type of transaction to let smart contract become First top-level accounts so enabling smart contract to basically make transaction and pay for transaction fees Soon after there was the IP 30 74 Which took actually the opposite approach which was trying to enable some of the smart contract feature on existing EOS And then recently there was a new EIP again led by Vitalik EIP 43 37 Which basically is a generalization of smart contract wallet the idea is to Decentralize some of the infrastructure that is needed to make To to to write and to operate or kiss a smart contract wallet And I think EIP 43 37 is very interesting For different reasons first of all it does not require a fork So it lacks my contract wallet it works at the application layer and and it's actually a good architecture. I think which can Let us in what native account abstraction should be in the future So let me dig a little bit into 43 37 rapidly. So on 43 37 users They send they don't make transaction They send user operation and they send this user operation to a highly level mempool on which you have Bundlers like miners that can basically take a bunch of these user operation and burden them into a normal L1 Transaction and that transaction is sent to a specific contract a single term called the entry point When that transaction reach the entry point contract the entry point will basically orchestrate the validation and the execution of these user operation and it does so by calling two methods of the on the Wallet a first method to validate the transaction basically asking the wallet Are you okay to execute that operation and will you pay? You know will you pay the fee to do so and then a second call to execute So we see that with 43 37 there's a clear separation between validation and Execution okay, I mean all this is great, but is this really the end of account abstraction? I mean every reach the holy grail of course the answer is no each of these EIPs that have been proposed over the years They all bring some of the features of account abstraction, but they also all have limitation If we look at EIP for 337 The main limitation is that it leaves at the application layer So basically EIP for 337 wallet lacks my contract wallet There are second-class citizens because they still live on the chain which relies on the OAs Every single dApps the tooling I mean the way developer things about account We all think in terms of you as and that makes my contract wallet or for 337 wallet second-class citizen And that's actually a blocker for their adoption So what can you know? What can we do next well? What would be ideal of course is to bring for 337 one layer down to bring it from the application layer To the protocol and actually the people who propose for 337 are working on that right now But what we think at Arjen is that we shouldn't wait for that to happen on L1? I mean we are knowing an era where layer day a little twos are picking up It's actually an amazing opportunity to fix some of these limitation of of Ethereum I mean the EVM is a great VM, but we know that there are stuff There are some limitation there are stuff that we know know can be improved And so we believe that layer two is actually the great moment to do so and that's why I mean We've been really excited lately because two of the major layer two providers namely Stockland and ZK sync F committed to ship with native account abstraction And so at Arjen we've been working with them quite closely for the past year trying to bring our experience as a smart contract Wallet company and making sure we can really design account abstraction the way It's needed for for users and for the next wave of of users So in the remaining of the talk I'll basically focus on stock net and give you some some example in the stock net ecosystem But just remember that everything I will say applies to ZK sync as well So with account abstraction every account is a smart contract But of course it cannot be any smart contract right the protocol or the VM needs to know how to interact with that Account contract that means that the account must comply to a certain interface And so we've been working with stock net and an open zeppelin on Defining that interface for stock net and we came up with the following Interface it's written in Cairo So don't worry is that you know the style might be a bit a bit surprising But what's important to note is that just like in the IP 4337 we have a method to validate a transaction So every account must expose a method to say to to validate and decide What kind of signature schemes it wants to use you know what kind of nonce mechanism and so on and there's a method to Execute to really execute the call and interact with other contract and because we are starting with a blank page on stock net We did something very cool is that We introduce multi-call natively so on stock net every transaction is actually a multi-call by definition natively and I'll come back on why that is exciting in a few minutes on Top of these two methods. We also have a method to Validate the deployment of an account that means that no account contract on stock net can pay for their own deployment That again, it's something that enables a great user experience and finally we have one last important method call is valid signature In the idea of is that it signature is to basically verify off-chain transactions, right? Again, I'll come back to that but smart contract They cannot sign but they can delegate signature to signers to keys But they must expose a way to say okay This signature is actually valid for myself and on on Ethereum. This is the equivalent of VIP 1271 Okay, since this is a developer conference There's basically five things that you need to remember as a developer if you want to build for account abstraction The first one is that accounts are smart contract and so they need to be deployed Thankfully, this is something that wallet will take care of but you still need to think that there is an account behind every Every wallet the address of these account is computed like a smart contract So there's no link between the signer like on Ethereum. It's it's a new address for a smart contract being deployed Transactions can have multiple signature So we need to think that you cannot assume that for an account as only one signer Maybe it's a native multi-seq. So you shouldn't make any assumption and signatures can basically be an array and Then if you want to verify off-chain signature You cannot use a local easy recover that you've been used to you need to actually ping the account and say is this signature valid and Finally you can and you should use multi-codes because it improves the user experience by a 10x factor at least And that's basically all you need to remember So if you are the developer if you come out of this talk by remember remembering this five point I think we are in good position. Okay So as I said, we've been you know working with stark net on the defining account abstraction there And of course we built a wallet because that urgent. That's what we do. And so we actually built the first Wallet with native account abstraction co-argin X. I promise you this is the only slide where I will chill Argent But it's still needed since I'm on main stage So our genetics first wallet on stark net native account abstraction, which is quite of amazing Works as a browser extension. So it works on chrome and firefox. You can have multiple accounts It works on stark net test net and stark net main net and it does the usual of a wall of a wallet You can send and receive token. You can interact with dApps But as I will show it does much more than that also and it's 100% open source So if you are interested, please check the repo feel free to contribute And if you haven't tried the wallet do so as well And it's been actually an amazing ride. You may not know All the stagnant ecosystem is going but actually since we started our gen X in January We've had more than 250k downloads So that I think that's quite of impressive and we are securing more than 90% of the funds on stark net main net today so others are Gen X work so Typically when you think of a wallet for example like metamask you think about the client and you think about a key that Can sign transactions well with account abstraction you need to think about the account contract as well So our gen X is really these three things a client front-end keys that can sign transactions And then account contracts that live on chain And it works from a user or dApp developers point of view It works exactly like like you would expect from your metamask for example When you connect your wallet and you do an action the wallet will pop up you can review the action Approve the extension will use a key to sign the authorization All this is sent to the account contract on chain Which will validate and then execute the operation and call the target contract Okay, so now let's Get to the interesting part the unique features that are enabled by account abstraction So I mentioned that on stark net we have native multi-call the idea of a multi-call is that you can actually Make a sequence of operation at as one atomic transaction Think for example of the infamous ERC 20 approve and call right on Ethereum if you want to interact with the dApp that requires a token You need to first make a first transaction to approve your token Wait for that transaction to be mined then you can actually make your call Well with multi-call because your account is a smart contract He can orchestrate these different operation in sequence So you can actually in one transaction do your approve and your call or maybe you can do your approve and then five Calls and we're seeing on stark net DApp developers are experimenting with that for example if you if you go on aspect which is an NFT marketplace on stark net When you want to buy NFTs you can add them to your shopping cart Which is an experience that we all know and so you see all the NFTs that you want to buy you finish your session Then you go and you actually buy these NFTs in one transaction because your account will orchestrate the buying all of these NFTs so in terms of UX, it's an amazing improvement Another thing that we are doing on stark net that you can do because of account abstraction is social recovery The idea of social recovery in a nutshell is to get rid of seed phrases Or do you do that because your account is a smart contract? You can program it to support a second key and you can define that that key Cannot transfer token it cannot interact with that You can actually only do one thing which is to replace the signer key in case of a problem And you can imagine that now you give that recovery key to a party that you trust that we call a guardian think of it for example as a service and The day you lose your computer you lose access to your wallet Well instead of having to think about a seed phrase private key now You just contact your guardian this service you authenticate with whatever mean you've agreed with him and the service will Make the only transaction it can do on your account and reprogram your account with a new key and Of course you can use a service, but you can decide to be your own guardian You can use a ledger to do so for example, and we are working on ledger to enable exactly that So social recovery is really a way to get rid of seed phrase to provide the UX that users Normal users can understand and it's 100% non custodial because you as the owner of them The main key you can decide who's your guardian and you can change that guardian at any point if you want to So that's really cool. What what else can we do? Well, we can do fraud monitoring with 2FA Imagine that again now on your account your program is second key and you decide that that second key must cost Okay, so I was talking about the new cool feature the idea to do fraud monitoring with 2FA I think I was explaining that you can add a key to your account And that key must cosign every transaction So you turn your account into a two of two multi-sig and you can decide you can choose to give that key to a service Now imagine that every time you make a transaction With your RGNX wallet the call data So the raw call that will be executed on-chain can be sent to that service for analysis And that service based on some business rules that you may have decided, you know Maximum daily limit or you know trusted app and so on so it can use whatever logic you've decided to decide if the Transaction is secure. It's something that we know is legit or if it doesn't know if we if it knows the transaction It can cosign automatically transparent to the user, right? You've just made one approve automatically the transaction is sent But if for some reason the service detects that it's a call to a contract that it doesn't know For example, he may ask you to confirm who you are using a second factor Just to make sure that no one is abusing your account So suddenly you can bring fraud monitoring with 2FA on-chain thanks to account abstraction What else this one is something that I'm very excited about the idea of session keys And I think it's particularly relevant now for on-chain games. So if you've played an on-chain games You've I guess all been frustrated by the need to sign Transaction every time you make an action having your wallet pop up you approve and then you come back to the game So on-chain games today is basically going on and off of the game to approve transaction Well, the idea of session keys is to say no Imagine that your game the DAP the client generates a temporary key in your browser and ask you to approve that key But he asked you to approve that key with a set of constrained policies For example, the DAP will say I want to sign transaction But only for 25 minutes the duration of a session and I will only call This contract and that contract and this and that method That's the only thing that I want to do as a user you can approve So yes, that's one confirmation with your wallet to say yeah I want to start a session on that game under this condition and next when you start playing the game every time You click on a button you make a game action the DAP can send the transaction directly to your account And the transaction will be approved So you no longer need to sign you no longer need to confirm you can actually focus on playing the game But you know that your account and your tokens are secure Because the key you approve can only do a very constraint set of actions that you have approved that's something that Several games are actually now integrating into their logic on stock net So I do believe that that's a pattern that will come and that you really will enable the UX of of on-chain games Another things that we are Experimenting and it's a collaboration with cartridge and ledger is the idea to make the account much more modular So imagine that your account is kind of a base contract on top of which you can add plugins And each plug-ins can have a different logic to validate and execute transaction So you can imagine that there's a plug-in which contain the session keys that I just showed There's another plug-in that may work as a new way just a signer But then there's another plug-in which much stronger security that will use that will be a multi-seq or that will use social recovery as a User you can actually pick and choose the plugins that you want for your wallet and really design your wallet For the purpose the use case that you want to use it if a wallet for gaming where you know You will spend maximum $50 does may not need the same security Requirements as your the wallet you use for trading on DeFi for example And by making the account modular a user can really choose pick and choose the experience that that they want And finally one last feature that we are exploring is the ability to use the secure enclave of your phone Because your account can be programmed you can actually program it to verify signature on a different elliptic curve and for example you can Use it to verify signature on a curve That's approved by the NIST and that is implemented in the secure enclave of your phone and Suddenly you are turning every single smartphone into a hardware wallet and that's actually something that someone has done on stock net So he built an account that uses that logic to verify signature So you can really now turn Smartphone into hardware wallet the use cases that I showed you are the stuff that we are you know building and exploring our Urgent, but I believe that account abstraction opens a completely new design space for for user experience And so we're only scratching the surface of what can be done So I hope that I've convinced you that account abstraction is needed for the UX of the blockchain But I think more importantly to really scale the user experience of self custody And the thing is that if we don't do that and if we stick to the EO a model that we have today My bet is that the next wave of users they will turn to centralize solutions I mean most of us in this room We are using already a coin base or an FTX or you know finance account because yes, it's simpler So can we really expect the next wave of billion users to not do that? Of course, they will so we need to find a way to build a user experience that is on power with these centralize Exchanges so that we big self custody at the heart of every interaction on the blockchain and and I'm personally convinced that only Account abstraction can do that So let's make it up and then build that together.  If you want to read more about it. Yes.  Today with Vitalik Dan Finlay from Metamask and then you have which has been pushing for a IP for 327 So if you want to know more, please stick around and come at 5 p.m. Perfect Julian Thank you very much co-founder of art and giving a round of applause again. Thank you Julian. Thank you very much