Hi students, it's Shayna, your teacher from EspressoEnglish.net and today I'm going to answer a very good question from a student who asked about the difference between while and when because they seem to mean the same thing. We use while and when when two things are happening at the same time.  Alright, so this is a really good question about while and when and I actually had to do some research and think about it a little bit in order to give you a clear answer. So let me explain. We use while and when when two things are happening at the same time. Now, when we have two continuous actions happening at the same time then we usually use while, okay? So right now I'm recording a video while my husband is working. We have two continuous actions. I'm recording and my husband is working. So I'm recording a video while my husband is working. Or here's an example in the past. Last night I was watching TV while my father was sleeping. So again, we have two continuous actions. I was watching TV and my father was sleeping. I was watching TV while my father was sleeping. So with two continuous actions we usually use while. Now when we have two single actions that happen at the same time or one happens right after another one then we tend to use when. For example, I picked up the phone when it rang. So first the phone rang and then immediately I picked up the phone. You can see that we have two verbs there in the simple past, not continuous. The phone rang and I picked up. So I picked up the phone when it rang. We have two single actions that happened very close together almost at the same time and so we use when. Another good example would be when I get home I take off my shoes. So that's also two single actions. I get home and I take off my shoes. When I get home I take off my shoes. Or you could say it the other way, I take off my shoes when I get home, alright? So both while and when are used when two things happen at the same time but we tend to use while with two continuous actions and when with two single actions. And we also use when with ages. So for example, I got my driver's license when I was 16 years old, okay? We wouldn't say while I was 16 years old. With ages we use when or I went to Brazil for the first time when I was 19, okay? When you have an age then use when. I could also have a continuous verb for example when I was 25 I was working in New York City. So there I have a continuous action but because I'm talking about a specific time period when I was 25 I use when and not while, okay? I was working in New York City when I was 25 years old. Now things start to get a little more complicated when you have two actions but one is a single action and one is continuous. So that would be an example like this. He called while or when I was sleeping. So now we have one continuous action I was sleeping and we have one single action he called. Well in this case you can actually use either one. You can say he called while I was sleeping or you can say he called when I was sleeping. They're both correct, alright? Now we usually use while or when before a continuous action but if I change the sentence around and the word comes before the single action then I use when and not while. So if I say I was sleeping when he called then I have to use when because it comes before a single action. But if the word comes before the continuous action and we have a one time and a continuous action then I can use either one. He called while I was sleeping or he called when I was sleeping. Another good example of this would be if you're driving home from work and you get into an accident you could say I got into an accident, that's the single action, while I was driving home or when I was driving home. Both are correct. But if we change the sentence around then we would say I was driving home from work when I got into an accident because when in this case comes before the single action, okay? I would love to see you try these words out by leaving a comment using either while or when or both, okay? So leave a comment and I will let you know if it's correct. And if you've been watching this video and you love my lessons you might be thinking well I want to take a course with Shayna but I have actually a lot of courses and you might be wondering which one to take or which one to start with. Well the good news is that if you actually want to get all of my courses that's everything from business English to speaking vocabulary and all of my e-books on confusing words and collocations and slang that there's actually a pretty big discount. You can get a 35% discount if you buy what I call the complete program which is all of the Espresso English e-books and courses. So if you're interested in that please check out the link in this video. I hope you've learned a little bit more today about when to use while and when to use when. Thank you so much for your question. Thanks for watching and I will see you next time. Bye-bye.


I was 22 years old. What is this like for you mentally? Did you accept death as an option? Two months into it Something in me just like snapped. I'm gonna do everything in my power to get healthy I'm gonna stay in nutrition and just make sure I'm feeding myself as healthy good ingredients as possible I wanted to get stronger and pass this. I started to really feel the effects I couldn't control getting cancer, but there are a lot of things in our control You have one life you got to own it and I know I did everything I could


In Barcelona, Spain for theCUBE, SiliconANGLE, and Mookie Bonds, exclusive coverage of HP Discover 2013. In Europe, I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE. And I'm joined by two great guests here, Chris Thielen, VP of Marketing at Vertica. CUBE alumni, welcome back, Chris. Great to have you back. Always a pleasure, John, you're welcome. And Gabriel D. Piazza, the VP of Marketing for HP Autonomy. Welcome to theCUBE. Thanks, thanks for having me. Don't worry about the sound, they can't hear it. It sounds like the Hunger Games. They can't hear it, there's a little overhead speaker here. Guys, let's talk about big data in application for digital marketing. So I'm going to start with Chris. I'm going to do a little pause here so we can hear each other, we have a little loud speaker problem here. Be good to hear the question, it helps. Yeah, I'll give you an answer anyway. Okay, okay, can you read my, okay, so Chris, Chris, big data is changing the game on terms of applications. We're seeing that obviously with consumer marketing and consumer applications, but the focus here is around value for customers. And at the end of the day, revenue is always the conversation we see here. Cloud, better economics, consolidation of the data center, get it better economics, big data grade, asking new questions, finding answers, doing it in real time. At the end of the day, it's about revenue, increasing the top line value of customers. And one of the tactics is marketing. So we're going to talk about digital marketing. So Chris, tell us a little bit about the HP digital marketing vision, and then we can get into some of the conversation. Well, I mean, anything that's about marketing is fundamentally going to get top management's attention in most organizations these days, right? And when you're talking about marketing, you're of course talking about growing the customer base and also making the customer base more satisfied and of course making them more inclined to buy your products and services. There's so much customer information and customer data out there these days. It comes from our traditional enterprise CRM systems, which is, as you know, that's kind of my background. And that's still growing, but all of these new forms of data now are growing just explosively, whether it's web data, social data, clickstream data, and just, it all plays a role in us helping our organization, whatever organization we're in, whatever business we're in, even if we're not a business, do a better job taking care of our customers, figure out ways that we can build a stronger relationship with them, increasing the lifetime value. And when you can talk that talk, then that's very much our vision. It's all about customer data and leveraging customer data and monetizing customer data. Fundamentally, like I said, that gets upper management's attention and regardless of what kind of economy you're in. The humanization of big data is about also marketing, so we have Gabriel here from autonomy. Tell us also about your vision and then let's get into it, because what we have here is kind of a match between the Haven demo live here on theCUBE, we got big data vertical storage in just making sense of the day manipulation and then also making sense of analytics of it and insights and reporting, so tell us your vision. Yeah, sure, well, digital marketing also had a big evolution from rule-based and cold-based all the way to machine learning these days, as Chris just said, there's all sort of data, clickstream and so forth, but demographic data, psychographics data, social media, preferences and so on. So the point is how do you actually help customers convert, not just the attraction and the engagement, but it's the actual conversion. One of the data we always use is for, typically for every 92 dollars spent in customer acquisition, only one dollar is spent on customer conversion. What we like to do is to actually help our customers increase conversion rates, which is fairly low around the industry these days and few percentage points can actually, are valued many, many millions of dollars. So what are we doing? We're basically applying different techniques, now that we are a part of HP together with Vertica, it's part of autonomy. So big data technologies to analyze all sorts of different data and apply basically sophisticated analytics to derive customer behavior and start to anticipate what is basically the next best action to drive conversions. Chris, I remember prior to you joining at HP we've had many conversations in the past about enterprise 2.0, we've talked about all this collaboration software, business software, now we're at a point now where we're realizing it's a lot of real value and real tangible products hitting the market with big data, using unstructured data, using structured data, all with kind of this querying engine. You guys are powering that with Vertica. I got to get your opinion on this. As people start looking at marketing, I want you to talk about the trend of personalization because at the end of the day, what's happening is, some are calling it omni-channel marketing, multi-channel marketing, infinity-level marketing, you can go down, slice and dice down to, this guy wears black shoes, loafers, mail, 34, I mean the level of targeting is fantastic. To the point where the user experience of marketing for customers is to basically get to the persona of one where you can actually know an individual. So please share with us your take on kind of that road that we're going down. One, do you agree with it? Two, what does it look like? And kind of where we come from and what inning are we in? How early is it? Is it just a tip of the iceberg? Share us your thoughts on that. Well, I think you're right and it's funny. I was just in another conversation where somebody was saying, a lot of these things become real when we stop talking about them. So you don't actually hear as much about personalization and one-to-one marketing, which were like 90s terms back then because they were new and cool. And now we really are at a point in time where there's no excuse for an organization not to be able to deliver to their customer on a very individualized basis. But there's so many other things. We just talked about all of the different forms of data and all of the different things customers are doing. In the 90s they weren't tweeting and then in the 90s we didn't have the ability to track their activity on the web as closely as we could, although that was certainly part of personalization. But then the other thing is the time factor. I think what companies are realizing now and organizations are realizing now is that customer relationships aren't static. So we really need to look at them longitudinally over a length of time and we really need to look at the present but also historically in the future. We need to be able to model. So it's above and beyond. It's not just what has the customer done and what has the customer bought because those shoes I might have bought might have been a gift for my father, for all they know, right? You really don't know these things. But how has the relationship evolved over time and in a lot more sophisticated sense in that how is it going to be able to evolve in the future? So you really need to be really, really sophisticated about the use of data because just being able to personalize and one-to-one deliver these days anymore, that's not enough. The bar has raised significantly and won't continue to go up. Gabriel, we talked with Robert, the GM of Autonomy this morning and we were talking about the same thing and that's a good point. You might not know the shoes. So there's a lot of historical perspective. So then you got to get into crunching the numbers. You got to have the reporting. You got to be able to show the insights and I want to ask you a specific question. He made a comment, what you want to give him credit on is that, and this is to Chris's point, in the older models in the 90s, people knew about business data. We had business data. We know record structure, structure data, name, address, serial number, all that good stuff. But now you've got machine data and you've got human data, right? Adding new elements to the equation. So this is your wheelhouse. This is your company's, your department's division, your division's vision. So tell us about that. So how does that affect the machine data and also the human data and add to Chris's comment about the business aspect? I think one of the key things in reality there's way too much data out there. So machine data, you need to extract from all sorts of different, you know, elements or probes and so forth. So in human data is the one which is way more difficult to interpret. I believe our perspective here is that if you look at the combination of the assets that we have in the company, both from the autonomy side, from a human perspective and vertical from a machine data perspective, combining the two in the heaven architecture brings tons of value. Let me add something to what Chris said. You know, building that personalized offer is a key aspect. Let me go a little bit further. How do you actually find a context where somebody is actually looking for something in these specific moments? So the real-time aspect is sometimes what's missing. It's not just about delivering the insight. It's already very valuable. But then how do you deliver an action in a fraction of a second after that insight? How do you position a product across all different channels, web, mobile, social, eventually contact center, you know, email campaigns. Okay, so let's take it to another direction. So Chris said no excuses for a business not to be instrumenting all aspects of their value chain and value activities. Because you can now. So we've got the technology. So let's just make a premise right now that with Haven and with Autonomy and Vertica, I can attest to this and following you guys. You could do that. You can ingest the data on any source, machine, business, human, whatever that is, if they're throwing off data, they can collect it and you guys can report on it. So let's put that on the table as a fact. So if you believe that that can happen, let's talk about what's next. What does the customer need to understand? Because remember, you guys, and like we have the CrowdSpots CrowdShot app and what you guys have, you know, we're at the, I believe the early stages of this. So there are early adopters, which you guys are working with. And I want to talk about what they're doing with you guys and how can you translate what they're doing to you guys to the rest of the market that follows those leaders over the chasm. What should people be aware of? What should they be doing? What are some of the experiences you guys share? We'll start with Chris. If you can just share your experience with early adopters and what should the folks who are looking to cross the chasm look to do steps, advice, et cetera. Well, it's interesting because you talked about early adopters, but I actually think we are crossing the chasm now with big data and just for those who don't know the terminology, you know, we're kind of getting past the early adopter point and what customers want to know more than anything is who's being successful with this. You know, as you get into more of a mainstream market, this is when the market really explodes. I mean, the two biggest announcements we made at HP Vertica at this event were both about customers. We announced Vertica 7 back on November 19th and we certainly talked about Vertica 7. We're talking about our marketplace. So we're talking about our technology, but it was the announcement of the Conservation International Earth Insights project that Vertica was very much at the core of. And then also, obviously, as we just announced through George Kedifus keynote, you know, the fact that Facebook is now using Vertica. So it's really about customers and what are customers doing to be successful? I mean, if you listen to Meg Whitman's keynotes, this is what she talks about, being customer focused, making customers successful because customers beget other customers and customers want to see best practices. They want to see who, obviously they don't want it to be their direct competitor, but they want to see who's succeeding out there and be able to learn from them. So you need to get above and beyond just technology and just big data and really show success stories. So I think that's probably one of the biggest things. Okay, so do you think that the digital marketing folks are beyond early adopters at this point? I do, yeah, I do. So what stage would you give them now and what are some of the things that is the next step and highlight to instrument a business end to end, what should people be thinking about from a digital marketing standpoint? Well, I think it's becoming a mainstream market. I think it's becoming a mainstream market as we speak. Marketo in public, right? Yeah, you've got the marketing automation market has done tremendously well. I know autonomy partners with a lot of the marketing automation leadership.  You watched 60 Minutes a week ago, what's everybody talking about, right? Amazon raising the bar again and delivering drones and whenever you believe that drones are going to blacken the skies over San Francisco, nonetheless, there's a lot of cool stuff.  Talk about personalized delivery, right?  That's the shoes I was going to get you for Christmas, John, they're coming via drones. So, but you know, again, I think that just being able to market personally and independently. Yeah, people kind of get that now. They might not be able to fully do it, but they realize now, if I can't fully do it, I'm going to be hurting and I want to see what the leaders are doing. I really want to see. That's why like the Facebook announced what was so exciting for us. It's certainly exciting and it's a competitive advantage.  What is the digital marketing playbook right now relative to this crossing the chasm, half of all of them are crossed over? It's still an emerging massively scalable market because Facebook is a great example. They are the new modern era company and more people want to do things like that. So what's your thing? No, it's emerging. I think the status, though, is that digital marketing, as Chris said, I agree. I think it crossed the chasm. I think the point now is it doesn't stop there. It's a learning process. You need to start consolidating more and more information and learning by your customers, learning about how you actually optimize that interaction. What we see coming from some of the recent announcements, Voden, Energy, Alpline, and so forth, is that customers are starting to create a return on marketing, a return investment from the 3%, 4%, 5% to the 18%, 19%, 20%. And these changes allow them thinking about how to invest in digital marketing technologies. We also see a very interesting dynamic happening. The roles that many companies are hiring right now, which are basically data scientists or chief digital officers, marketing scientists, which are people which are very specific in understanding, in finding that understanding from the data they have, this just didn't happen before. So that tells us that people are investing in resources. I'm reading the HP autonomy website here. It says, the future of digital marketing is here. Nice graphics. Oh, it's a good job to see the graphics up there, visualizations, and we haven't gotten that yet. And then the tagline, turn big data into insight and action. So the question for both of you to start with Gabriel is, what is the coolest thing you've seen from a customer implementation of turning big data into insight and action?  Wow. What I can say the coolest one is some of the work, for example, we're doing with NASCAR, real time they understand the sentiments of people at races, they understand which kind of drivers are, you know, the people want to talk about, and they immediately change their presence on the website to attract and appeal to their users. It's amazing how they don't just gather information about brand, but they take an immediate action to engage them and to potentially upsell them on different services. So if one car side swipes another car and pushes them off the track, they know that fan basically can be pretty pissed off, right? Show them a little bit different copy, so basically change the copy of the content on the fly. Or they understand that there's just been an accident recently, unfortunately that happened, and how to actually start directing people to the right place in the truck. It's something that people hasn't even thought about it before. Chris, how about you? I know you've got it probably.  And we've got Game Show Network, which is owned by Sony. We've got a customer out of the Netherlands called Skill Games. Got somebody from Capgemini on the panel. So we got a lot of cool customer stories. You know, I still revert back even though it was almost a year ago because it's so unusual too. I mean, if you remember the story of the Obama campaign, you know, basically, I mean, that's sort of a lot of wins, right? On a macro, micro level and just some of the stuff that they did around the, you know, the volunteers walking around house to house with iPhones and iPads basically telling me when I go up and knock on Mr. Furrier's door and ask for his vote what issues to talk about, what not to talk about and how to micro target, you know, and again, this sort of factors into the kinds of things that we're talking about now. It's really getting very, very targeted with our messages, very, very, it was part of today's keynote. You know, where should we be, where should we be putting our message out? What should we be saying? Who should we be saying it to? And doing that all on a very, very individualized basis and also, how do we respond? So, I mean, you know, we're seeing these stories every day. Some of the newest ones, of course, we can't quite talk about yet but we're seeing them all over the place. Well, certainly, Facebook for you guys was a fantastic, fantastic reference for the folks. Facebook was unveiled, for the folks coming on from California, West Coast and the U.S. We're coming on board right now on theCUBE. So, the numbers increase. Vertica, George Kadeev of HP Software announced Vertica's marquee client that came up on stage, unveiled with Facebook. Huge win and it's not a small implementation. It's massive, massive implementation and it just goes to show that the world's changing. Coming to that scale, moving to Vertica. So, congratulations. So, my final question I want to ask you guys, both, we'll start with Chris. What is the biggest thing you think is going to change going forward in digital marketing, big data digital marketing or data-driven marketing? And the next year or so that's around the corner, you see just coming right up. People are crossing the chasm, setting up shop, doing some things, testing things and kicking the tires, rolling out projects. What do you expect to see for changes and big things?  I think we're going to see a continuation of a lot of what we have seen already. I think kind of a very personalized message delivery and I mean we all know about everything going on with mobile devices these days and how the form factors are changing of how people get information and shop for products and services and such. But I think, you know, what you're going to really see is you're going to see the leaders not just adopt and this is very consistent with HP's pillars. You know, the pillars of what we call and you heard Meg talk about the new style of IT. You know, we talk about mobile and social and big data but I think the mobile factor in particular is going to be huge, huge one where you're going to see a lot more a lot more cool stuff happening, you know, on a personalized level but really just delivered in my pocket. That's a combination of machine and human data right here. Just the mobile edge. Well, and it's really, it's big data but it's also very, very real time because it hits me right then, right now in my pocket, you know, and that's really what best in class marketers are going to be focused on. I mean, some of them already are and expect to see a lot more of that. Gabriel, what do you think? For me, it would be the move or transition from batch to real time. We just came out of US after Black Friday, Cyber Monday, you need to capture the attention and convert customers on a fraction of a second. You cannot do that if your data is two weeks old or if you're going to receive your data by your campaign in three months. It just doesn't happen. So we will see progressively companies starting to act in real time and that will basically help them, you know, to basically capture conversions based on data-driven aspects. Awesome stuff, guys. We really appreciate that it's coming on theCUBE. Chris, Gabriel, appreciate it. Just to give you guys a final word. The show here, described to the folks here who didn't make it to the show what the vibe's like and put a bumper sticker on the car that's leaving Barcelona as it drives away. What summarize HP Discover 2013 here in Barcelona? Put the bumper sticker on the car. Chris, we'll start with you because you're on the end, let's move down. Well, I mean, I love it here. It's a beautiful place. I was going to say, you know, something that basically says, I'll be back or I can't wait to get back here, right? I still have some Christmas shopping to do before I leave town. So, but, you know, not quite leaving yet, but I actually have two sessions to do tomorrow as a matter of fact, but can't wait to get back here. So see you next year. Something like that would work well for me. Yes, and for me, I'm Italian, so we have particular back food, but I have to tell you this is the, you know, best city, best food in the world. So I think it's combining the fantastic show with a great, you know, atmosphere. It's one of the best things. It's great city, certainly it's beautiful. I want to get your tips on the restaurants for tonight and tomorrow while I'm on the same visit. Guys, appreciate it. Big data, digital marketing. It is a data-driven world, instrument in your business, great stuff. Haven, Vertica, Autonomy. You guys are doing great work, congratulations. This is theCUBE, we'll be right back streaming our open source data video right after this short break.


We are no strangers to the next speaker. We're going to hear from Brendan Burns, Corporate Vice President of Azure OSS and Cloud Native at Microsoft. Brendan is a co-founder of the Kubernetes open source project. He is also the author and co-author of several books on Kubernetes and distributed systems. He's an amazing person to learn from. Please check out his videos online. Prior to Microsoft, he worked on Google Web Search, Infrastructure, and the Google Cloud Platform. Lately, he's been working on the Waze HTTP spec. Today, Brendan is going to talk to us about Web Assembly in a containerized world. Please help me welcome Brendan to the stage. All right. Hey, how's it going? I have a clicker probably, right? They haven't started my timer, which means I get more time, but I only have eight slides, so we'll promise to be a little while there it goes. Promise to be a little bit quick about this. Thanks for having me. I feel a little bit like a fish out of water. I've got some teams working on Web Assembly, and last December, I sort of decided to go do a little bit of a deep dive, get a little bit more sense for where the community was at, a little bit more of understanding of the technology, and I got mostly because I wanted to write code that made web requests. I got involved in figuring out how we could make some web requests out of wasm time and a few other Web Assembly runtimes and did some work with other folks on the WASD HTTP spec, so that was pretty cool. I wanted to talk about, because I had a lot of experience over the last decade with containers and containerized technology. I wanted to talk a little bit about how I see this and why I think this is an important moment. I think a lot of people have compared Web Assembly to containers. I wanted to highlight why I think that comparison is actually a pretty good one and why it's interesting and important. Hopefully, all of you are pretty familiar with containers. When I look at containers, this is what I see. First is my stuff, that's what I'm interested in, and then a bunch of OS stuff that I don't care about, and that's what the kernel is providing that the container runs on. But in fact, when we dig a little bit deeper into that container, what I see is inside of my stuff part, AKA the container image, there's actually a whole bunch of other stuff that I don't care about. Or I mostly don't care about. It's there for a reason, but I'm not really gonna touch it. This could be things like a HTTP client library. It could be things like the code necessary to talk to the file system. There's all kinds of stuff that's there. It's important for my program to operate correctly, but it's really unnecessary, although it is up in user space, which means it needs to be inside that container image. Just to give you an example, in terms of image sizes, if you could imagine, I compiled all of my go code into the caddy web server. It's very easy and quite nice to be able to sort of plug in things into caddy and then compile them into an executable that I can run in a basically empty image. The resulting image size is still 17 megabytes. Pretty small by container image sizes, but still relatively hefty.  If I take that HTTP handler and I instead compile it into WebAssembly and teach caddy how to run WebAssembly, suddenly the code that I actually care about goes down to about two megabytes. Now, why is that important? What can you do with that fact that it's a two megabyte binary? Well, that suddenly means you open up the option of doing things like push on save.  But it's conceivable that every time I save that go file, I can recompile a new wasm image, I can kick it up to the server, and I can actually get to a place where I'm doing dynamic development in a compiled language out on my cluster. And I can even do things like load multiple versions of the same code into the server at the same time. Again, because I have that WebAssembly sandbox, I can actually have three or four different commits, maybe, active inside of my web server at the same time. I can choose them with a header. And in fact, this has all been built out as an experiment that I was playing around with lately. And you can do all of this stuff. So the fact that we can shrink down the image size to sort of a more developer friendly, more focused on the actual code that I'm writing component is a huge win for a lot of development use cases. The other thing that I wanted to talk about is that in addition to the fact that there's this large piece of what's in the container image that is stuff that I don't care about, if we look down into the OS stuff that I don't care about, what we see is a bunch of APIs that were literally designed in the 1970s. So we're in 2023 now. That's 50 years ago that those APIs were designed and they were not designed for the world in which we live in. They were not designed for a cloud world. They were not designed for a distributed systems world. They were designed for single processors and single machines. So what we have is the ability then to actually say, like what are the APIs that I care about? And I do care about HTTP. But as we've seen with things like functions or other kinds of platform as a service environment, I might care about something like setting a key value store. I might care about something like receiving an event when somebody posts a message to a Kafka queue, right? Those are kind of the kernel system level APIs that I care about as a cloud distributed system developer rather than opening a file and getting a bunch of bytes. And honestly, those are not primitives that make sense in this world. And so the other side of the WebAssembly sandbox that I think is particularly exciting to me is this opportunity to rethink what is the code that most developers actually want to connect with? What are the kernel calls, the system ABI, that we want to connect with for cloud-based code? And so I'm excited about the work we've done in the Waze HTTP spec. I'm excited about the work that we are doing out to define sort of this cloud interface with a project called Slight that is happening inside of one of the experimental areas inside of Azure. And I'm really excited that we can bring the ability to run WebAssembly inside of an orchestrator because of course all of that had to do with writing individual programs. But when you wanna deploy a distributed system at scale, you need to deploy it across multiple machines, across multiple failure domains, and you wanna have things like load balancers and other kinds of technology to take user's web requests down into the code that you happen to be writing. And so you still need orchestration. And so we brought the Waze implementation into the Azure Kubernetes service so that you can run orchestrated WebAssembly containers today. And additionally, in order to make it really useful, you still need to write the code. And unfortunately, as you've heard through some of the keynotes, getting all those tools together into the right place with the right version so that it all works correctly with examples and all that kind of stuff is still a little bit of what works in progress in this community. And so there's also a whole bunch of dev containers for Wasm in pretty much your favorite programming language, including Pascal, available to you if you wanna have a really easy quick start to get your feet wet writing some code in WebAssembly for the Waze expect. So thank you so much. Enjoy the opportunity and hopefully we'll see you again soon.


Coming up on DTNS, Canada rules on the Huawei CFO extradition, how the HBO Max launch is going, and we analyze Twitter's decision to label a tweet from the U.S. President. This is the Daily Tech News for Wednesday, May 27th, 2020, in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. In Salt Lake City, I'm Scott Johnson. And I'm Roger Shane. The show's pretty ser... I wanted to be talking about how we all just watched the launch of the SpaceX Dragon capsule with Bob and Doug on board, but they got scrubbed for weather. So we all just talked about how disappointed we were that they got scrubbed for weather and how excited we are to watch it on Saturday. That's all on Good Day Internet. Become a member at patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's start this show with a few tech things you should know. Samsung announced Samsung Money, a Mastercard debit card from SoFi. Samsung users sign up for a money management account from SoFi, which funds the card. That account doesn't have any fees and also accrues interest. Users get the card at their Samsung Pay app, as well as a plastic card for use at locations that don't accept Samsung Pay. Samsung Money launches in the U.S. this summer. Wall Street Journal sources say Amazon is in advanced talks to buy autonomous taxi company, Zooks, which was founded in 2014, in fact, and has been deploying, excuse me, developing both hardware and software to create electric-powered robot taxis by Zooks. Quibi has updated its iOS app to support Apple Airplay. So you can actually watch Quibi on a television. The video service launched without the ability to watch the video anywhere. But in the app, Quibi also hopes to have Chromecast support in June. YouTube Kids is now available on the Apple TV, both on 4K and HD versions, if supported. YouTube Kids launched on mobile devices in 2015, but the curated selection of age-appropriate content and previously came to some smart TVs and also launched a desktop version. VentureBeat and Bloomberg report their sources say Sony is planning a PS5. That's PlayStation 5 for the Wandering Event. On June 3rd, the company is reporting also planning follow-up events, including a state of play that will focus on both next and current gen games tentatively set for early August. Facebook released an experimental app called Collab. It's an invite-only beta for iOS that lets users create short-form music videos that are split into three simultaneous sources. So a single user could play three instruments in one video or the three videos can be split up with different instruments from different users. Videos are initially posted to Collab, where users can then take those individual parts of other people's videos and create their own video from it. Maybe replace the singer or replace the the guitar, essentially allowing a kind of remix, though you can't remix the underlying music and any part you use in your creation automatically gets credited to the original creation. Facebook says after you share on Collab, videos will then be allowed to be shared on Instagram and TikTok. Everybody's a DJ. Windows 10 May 2020 update, a.k.a. Windows 10 version 2004 is now available to devices running Windows 10 versions 1903 and 1909. You'll need to update using Windows Update to make it happen. And Microsoft will slowly increase availability over the coming weeks so that not all end users may see it right away. Yeah. So if you go look at it, you don't see it just wait a couple of weeks. All right, let's talk a little bit more about creators making some fat cash on Instagram. Indeed, Instagram announced it will share ad and badge revenue with IGTV creators, that's Instagram TV, as we'll start showing up on around 200 English language creator partners and creators will get 55 percent. Let's see, Instagram will rely on Facebook moderation staff to review every IGTV video before expect accepting it for monetization. Next month, some IGTV creators will also be able to start selling badges. The badges cost 99 cents, about 99 or 499 and show up before a user's name when they comment. Creators will be able to keep all the revenue from badges during the test phase, but it will eventually be shared. You know, Lamar Wilson, who's a frequent guest on on on this show, loves IGTV and was so bullish about it when it started. And there are a few other really cool, fun, awesome creators who feel the same way. But I don't know where all the IGTV creators are. This is not like the place to be. And maybe that's what Instagram's thinking. Sure. Yeah, nothing brings a few more creators along than saying you could make money doing this, right? Totally. And you could make money before with sponsorships and that sort of thing. But but this is a lot easier than having to go out and get your own branded stuff. So I feel like that's that's the play here, right? Yeah, also makes me wonder if this isn't the next. I mean, it's not like Instagram just came out of nowhere and they're just now being seen as a place for people to get huge followings and and all of that. That's obviously old news. But maybe this is another place that isn't YouTube where people can branch out and try something new and try to bring something unique to the platform. It does feel right now like YouTube's a little saturated, at least in my world, if it comes to like games, coverage, games, journalism, any of that stuff in that in that frame, it's so well and overly covered in the world of YouTube in YouTube video, video on demand. I wonder if maybe there could be more high production stuff done for IGTV that despite its format or where you have to watch it and all of that, I don't know, gives gives people more of an option if you're trying to find a place where all the creative, all the good ideas are already taken, if you know what I'm saying. So like maybe this is a new place to do it. I don't know. I haven't really explored it over there much or looked into it as somebody who creates content. But I don't know. Maybe it'll be a great start for somebody who's got a cool idea and they're sick of just doing the same old thing on YouTube. Well, full disclosure, I spent a good part of my morning going down a really weird rabbit hole of TikTok gangs and the step chickens and the green versus purple and they're all fighting each other in GTA.  And in fact, I hope if Rich Drafilino will join me, I'd like to discuss it in more detailed tomorrow's show because we've got other stuff to talk about on today's show. But yeah, the idea that there are stars and folks who become idols of some kind. And maybe it's a huge deal where there's millions and millions of people who follow you. And maybe it's less so, but it's something that you can make money off of, which kind of goes back into our conversation about cameo with Patrick Beja yesterday, that there are more and more options for people to kind of figure out like what's my niche? Who are my people? And how do I leverage that and make a little money? Yep. Zipline was one of the first companies to deliver products by drone. Back when Amazon was was getting on 60 minutes saying they would like to do it someday, Zipline was doing it in Irwanda in 2016 and later in Ghana. Well, Zipline has now received approval to deliver medical supplies, including personal protective equipment to hospitals in North Carolina. The idea is they'll come from the warehouse once they get delivered from the factory and be able to go out to the hospital immediately through the air. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration gave Zipline emergency waivers to operate two routes for this purpose. The drones can carry up to almost four pounds of cargo and fly up to 80 miles an hour. This is so cool. You know, I know it's emergency waivers, but I can't imagine that I mean, as long as nothing terrible happens, that Zipline will then get that that line revoked, you know, so this just sort of looks to me like, OK, well, this is how things are going to go in the future. We just have to figure out how places that are, you know, emergency locations like hospitals are able to to use technology like this. Just for fun, I looked up my Amazon buying history and I know this doesn't need to do with Amazon, but I looked in there to see what I buy typically and how small it is. I'm looking for pounds because when you said there's a four pound limit, I started to think, oh, is there anything I ever get that's under four pounds? The truth is a huge amount of what I get is under four pounds. So I was at first bothered by that limit, but I think that's kind of what we all do. We're all getting little memory cards here and a cable there.  And it's not really that big of stuff. So yeah, I don't know why it has been doing this for more than four years. Well, almost four years at this point. And and yeah, the FAA goes very slowly on approving things. But because this is something the hospitals need faster, I'm glad the FAA was willing to do an emergency waiver. This is perfectly safe technology, as long as the routes are clear with the F which the FAA can be sure of. There's no reason not to give a one off exemption here as a way to kind of prove the technology. That's one of the things that some of these stories pointed out is a lot of things that are being done right now to adapt to COVID-19 will accelerate stuff because it allows, you know, not just in the pharmaceutical area, but but in this sort of area, it allows you to to have a reason to try something that you might have dragged your feet on because it's like, well, it's not an emergency. Now it is. Well, many of you may have heard that HBO Max launched in the United States on Wednesday, and that was yesterday. Most HBO subscribers, you'll get an update in your app. It'll give you the option to access HBO Max at no additional cost or stay with just HBO now for the time being. In my case, all my apps just converted and ran like they were HBO Max and ready to go. I think that's because I'm already pre-signed up for the $11 cheaper price for the monthly thing. But anyway, who knows? HBO Max includes all of HBO plus additional content from war media, including DC movies and TV shows, not all of them, though. There's some that are missing. Some of that may come later. HBO Max is not available on Roku or Fire TV, though. For new subscribers, HBO Max costs $14.99 a month. The same price as HBO now or HBO does as a standalone. It is HBO. It doesn't matter whether it's now go or anything else. It's $14.99 a month. You'll just introduce confusion if you try to explain HBO's business model. I simply want to insert word, confusion, but it's already confusing. I have HBO through the HBO Now app on iOS. And this morning, first thing I did before I even got out of bed was I grabbed that phone and I was like, all right, open HBO Now. It was HBO Now. All right, maybe I need to do an app update. So I go to the app store, I search for HBO Now. It shows me HBO Max and it says open. I'm like, well, that's weird. So I tap open and it opened HBO Now. I was ready to go on a ramp. I was ready to be like, it didn't work. But then I go, I'm like, let me try this again. I go back to the app store. All that had happened is it thought I had the app, which I did, but it hadn't quite checked with the server to see if there was an update. So when I went back to the app store, it said update. I'm like, OK, boom, update. Went back to the app, the app now said HBO Max. And the first time I launched it, it said, hey, you have access to HBO Max and all the wonderful things if you want it, tap here. If you want to stick with HBO Now for the time being, tap here. So I did. I tapped HBO Max, went through all the HBO stuff is still there. All of the extra movies from HBO Max, the new originals, like the movie, the new movie that's out, the romantic comedy is in there. All the DC stuff that they offer is in there. I was thinking Harley Quinn from DC Universe might be in here. It wasn't. So not all the DC Universe, in fact, very little DC Universe stuff is in HBO Max. But I did notice my continue watching was empty, Scott. Yeah, I had a tiny story. I'd started a movie and got halfway through it yesterday on HBO now. And then when I launched this this morning, got the update and I thought, I wonder where that movie's at and I went and to watch it. And the big, the big ringer is it does not remember where it was. It absolutely started over. There's no memory for it. So if you were in the middle of a series or you were someplace in HBO and you think that will just sort of pick up where you left off or show a few history based on your HBO viewing, it does not do that. Best I can tell, at least in my case. British Columbia Supreme Court ruled that Huawei CFO Meng Wangzou's extradition proceedings to the US on charges of fraud can indeed continue. Associate Chief Justice Heather Holm said that Meng's alleged crimes would also constitute a crime in Canada, which is a principle known as double criminality. Meng is accused by US authorities of bank and wire fraud in the US and misrepresenting Huawei's relationship with a subsidiary doing business in Iran, violating US sanctions. A second hearing on whether Canadian officials followed the law while arresting Ms. Meng is scheduled for next month. If the court does recommend extradition, Canada's federal justice minister would make the ultimate decision. Yeah, so we're a ways away. This could have all ended today if they said, nope, it's not double criminality, Ms. Meng can go free. And then we would add a lot to talk about as it is. The court case will continue based on whether there was actual procedural problems with the with the arrest. She might get out on a loophole that way. If not, then it would become a political decision. The federal justice minister could decide, even if the court says, yes, she qualifies for extradition. The justice minister could say, but we're not going to pursue it at this time. It doesn't seem likely that that would happen. It seems that Canada has dug in on this and is is willing to extradite her, or they wouldn't have gone through this. But you won't really have an extradition until that happens, until the justice minister signs off on it. So it's it's not as much to talk about today. If the as if the decision had gone the other way, it's more. All right, now now we wait for the next court date. Yeah, court stuff, not known for its speed in any country. So sit back next month. Next month is when the next court date is. Yeah, there you go. Mark your calendars. Yeah, mark them now. Hey, folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes, be sure to subscribe to dailytechheadlines.com. All right, folks, yesterday, Twitter put a fact checking link on a post from the president of the United States. Now, it's tempting to get into what the post said, whether it was true, what the fact checkers said, whether what they evaluate was also true. And that's a conversation that should be had. And there are no shortage of places to have it. Our mission here is to help each other understand technology. And my contention is that from the technology standpoint, it matters less what was said, but how the system worked. Because it's important to understand not just whether the system worked the way you thought it should this time, but how it should work other times with other people making other statements. So if you're mad about what the president wrote, or if you're mad about what Twitter did, I ask you to take a moment, set that aside for later. And then for the purposes of this, swap your position. Imagine a president you like wrote something you agree with and Twitter labeled that. Likewise, imagine a president you didn't like wrote something you thought was wrong or even dangerous and Twitter did not label it. Because that's what this is about. It's not about this one instance. It's about how does this work for leaders through time? And what are the implications? Here's what happened. Tuesday morning, the president posted on his personal Twitter account I don't think this gets enough attention. There are two accounts. There's an at-potus for the president of the United States. That is not where the president usually tweets the things that get coverage. On his personal Twitter account, he posted claims about mail-in ballots. Tuesday afternoon, Twitter added its standard fact-checking link to the bottom of two posts about mail-in ballots. The link the Twitter ads reads get the facts about mail-in ballots. That's all it says. And then you click on it. When you click on it, it goes to a page that says the claims the president made are unsubstantiated according to CNN, the Washington Post and other fact-checkers. Here's the first thing. We don't know who all the fact-checkers are in this case. Facebook's very good about telling you who all the fact-checkers are. We don't know that here. Now, this page also has a long list of Twitter posts from other people talking about the situation, talking about mail-in ballots. And Twitter told our second cut that this page was created and managed by its global curation team. They may have used algorithms to help figure out what to put in there. But it was humans that put the page together. That's another important part here. So did it follow Twitter's system? It's hard to tell. Twitter has a separate policy for world leaders that gained attention in January 2018 and again in June 2019. The words of world leaders are considered newsworthy and therefore posts that might otherwise break rules will be treated differently. Twitter's trying to say, look, if we removed posts from world leaders, then that removes the ability to have a conversation about what they said and hold them accountable. So their policy is to let things stand if it's a world leader. In January 2018, they wrote blocking a world leader from Twitter or removing their controversial tweets would hide important information people should be able to see and debate. That's talking about blocking or removing. That's not what happened Tuesday. They also wrote, we review tweets by leaders within the political context that defines them and enforce our rules accordingly. No one person's account drives Twitter's growth or influences these decisions. This was Twitter defending itself that they were being too easy and not removing posts from leaders that people thought should be removed despite the fact that they're leaders. And that has been the argument up till now is that Twitter was being too soft. In June 2019, Twitter announced that verified accounts from government officials or candidates for public office or position with more than 100,000 followers who made a post that would otherwise be removed would receive a notice that the post violated the rule but was left up in the public interest. So they would label that as we would have removed this. But here's why they defined who a public figure was. Had to be somebody running for office, up for an office or in office and 100,000 followers. And they said, that's when we'll put this label. But again, this is only for removal. February 2020, Twitter introduced rules about labeling synthetic or manipulated media. So this is the first time they talked about labeling something. We'll tell you that this might be misleading because it was manipulated. But again, not about a straight post. This was about manipulated media, synthetic media, deep fakes. March 16th, 2020, rules relating to information about COVID-19 were first discussed. Twitter wrote, we may also apply the public interest notice in cases where world leaders violate the COVID-19 guidelines. Now we're getting closer to what happened to Tuesday. OK, we have COVID-19 guidelines about what you can say and what you can't. And if a world leader violates that, we might put a label on it. So that's the first situation where they say labels and world leaders. March 27th, Twitter's Vijaya God told the Washington Post the social media platform wants to find a way to keep tweets up for their newsworthiness while also noting if a tweet violates their rules. She said, one of the things we're working really closely on with our product and engineering folks is how can we label that? How can we put some context around it so people are aware that content is actually a violation of our rules and it is serving a particular purpose in remaining on the platform? So again, talking about labels with world leaders where they leave it up or otherwise they might not. May 11th, 2020, Twitter wrote earlier this year, we introduced a new label for tweets containing synthetic and manipulated media. Similar labels will now appear on tweets containing potentially harmful misleading information related to COVID-19. This is the system that balances misleading, disputed and unverified with the potential for moderate or severe harm. Moderate harm from a disputed or misleading post leads to a label. So now we're closest to Tuesday. We've got the idea of misleading information getting a label if it's in Twitter's opinion, misleading. But it's only about COVID-19. On May 11th, Twitter head of site integrity, Yole Roth, wrote, today, we're introducing new labels and warning messages on harmful misleading information beginning with misleading discussions about COVID-19. So that indicated that they're trying it out on COVID-19 and they might apply it someday to other types of misinformation. He also wrote that day, these labels will apply to anyone sharing misleading misinformation that meets the requirements of our policy, including world leaders. So he implied that they might expand the category on COVID-19 and definitely said these labels will apply to world leaders. Do you don't get a pass the way you would about removal? All right, so how was it applied on Tuesday? We don't really know. A Twitter spokesperson told The Verge the label is in line with the new policy introduced May 11th, the one about COVID-19, aimed at limiting the spread of potentially harmful and misleading content related to the pandemic. So it's in line with that. But Twitter never put out a policy that said we are now going to start applying it to other categories of information. What happens next will be very interesting. Nadine Strossen, former head of the American Civil Liberties Union, told Fortune, it's a fool's errand, it's doomed to fail, and it's never going to satisfy everybody. And that's the thing, if it's not about whether you think it should have been taken down or not, it's about whether we can have a system where everyone agrees. Well, I'm going to think my favorite person's tweet should stay up. But is there an impartiality out there? And Twitter has not gone to the extent of Facebook to, in my opinion, maybe overengineering a solution by creating an entirely separate court independent of itself to evaluate these kinds of things. Twitter, in fact, didn't say that this is the kind of category of tweet it would start labeling. It just labeled it and it labeled it in the context of another tweet that we're not even talking about today being demanded to be removed. And we can see why they wouldn't remove. They've been very clear about we won't remove things from world leaders. But instead they labeled this one as misinformation in what seems like a new category of policy.  So again, if you think this was the right move, then, you know, that's done, you don't you don't need to know anything. But if you want this to be fair to your favorite candidate in the future or you think this was the wrong move, you want to know how they came to this agreement. And and so that's where I would like to set it down is to say, look, none of us are going to agree ever on everything that should be moved or removed. We are in a new situation where Twitter feels like a public square, but is a private company that can do whatever they want legally and are now trying to navigate public opinion as a way to appear unbiased. And that's where I start to agree with the former leader of the ACLU. I don't know how you do that. This is this is something where in the past you would have said, well, it's my newspaper. I can print whatever I want in it. But Twitter, Facebook, they have moved beyond that and they have been pushed beyond that by the way people use them. Well, the way the thing that jumped out at me today that became the grand illustration of why I think this is going to be a really weird uphill battle was the amount of people immediately jumping on one of two camps and forgetting about all the politics of it, the one camp. Well, you can't take it out completely. But the one camp was this doesn't do enough. In fact, it looks like a promotion of the ideas that were just said in the tweet if you just glanced at it. If you didn't click through, it doesn't look like a warning. It doesn't look like anything other than, hey, get some more information. It feels like an ad almost. And then I heard other people say, this is tantamount to silencing the president and therefore destroying the First Amendment and rights of speech and all this other stuff going completely the other direction and asking like this is just tantamount to the worst possible crime you could commit. And I realized the distance between those two opinions and what's probably somewhere in the middle is so vast. I just don't know how you ever find consensus with how to do this right. I mean, the truth is part of me is like, you know what, Twitter, just let anything be said anywhere. But I don't really mean that. But I do think that sometimes that's your easiest way out of all. That's what they did for years, though, right? You're right, they did. And if you really want to go back and historically, like retroactively apply these new things, holy crap, we're in for a really interesting ride. They're not going to do that probably, but yeah. Like I don't know how this, I don't know how this resolves. I wish it was an easy thing to predict. And I'm certainly not the one to do it, but I'm really curious about what Twitter is in five years. If this is a thing they're going to keep doing, then how does it progress from here? Why was his the first one they tried? Why didn't seven or eight of these go out at once to world leaders of various types or prominent big number of people on Twitter, which is really who we're talking about here. They're not going after somebody with 20 followers. And then just me saying the words going after is going to imply something to somebody else who's going to commit me and say, that's not going after. They're just, you know, so there's no, I don't know how. Listen, one of the problems, let me short circuit you here because I can tell you're starting to spin around a little because it's a confusing situation. One of the problems here is that Twitter is not responsible for the content of its users, but people have put pressure on Twitter, Facebook, and others to become responsible for it. And as soon as they start taking those acts, we've talked about this for years, now suddenly they take the heat for what someone else said or they take the heat for allowing someone else to say it or not. And suddenly they become arbiters and now you are seeing legislation being proposed to remove the safe harbor protections of CDA 230 and say, let's run this through the courts. Let's make Twitter responsible, which I don't think is the best way to do this because suddenly you've got millions and millions of people who can say whatever they wanna get Twitter in trouble. I don't know that that's the solution for it, but it is essentially a quasi public square that is not subject to the rules of the public square. Yeah, it's a new category, I guess. I mean, we say that it's 10 years, you know, 10 plus years old, 12 years old, whatever however old Twitter is. And we're not even talking about other social media platforms so much today, but yeah, it feels like we're at the early stages of what that's gonna look like. How do you, how do you juxtapose those two without everybody losing their minds? And I see a few people saying like, hey, Twitter's private company, they can do whatever they want. That's usually said when you agree with what they did. Yes. Soon as they start applying this to somebody you don't agree with or don't like, then often the tune changes. Well, I don't think this conversation is over. Unfortunately, or fortunately, depending on how interested you are it is, it has just begun. We will circle back though as things unfold. For now, if you wanna join in the conversation in our Discord, we talk about, well, I mean, politics show up there, but lots of things. You can join by linking to a Patreon account at patreon.com at slash DTNS. Let's check out the mail bag. Oh, let's. So Chris wrote in and said, kinda has a plea to see if anybody has some advice for him. Says, we're gonna be returning to our physical workspace soon. And I was hoping we could use technology to keep things safer and help meet employer requirements. What we need to do is track who enters and exits a room and when so that we can do contact tracing if necessary. I was hoping we could employ NFC tags so we could keep logging contactless and avoid the suggested use of clipboards as they can be a disease vector. Are there any applications that anybody's aware of that could assist in this and make an exportable log in the event that it is needed? I'm envisioning placing NFC tags outside each room and then having employees tap in and out. I've used trigger in the past for NFC tags but I can't see a direct way to log an event to a Google sheet or something similar. So if you have advice for Chris, we'd love to know. I mean, it just sounds like card key access, right? Kind of. There's all kinds of systems that use card key access and logging but particularly he wants it to be easy. He wants it to be contactless and he wants it to log to a Google sheet. So I don't know if anybody out there is like, oh yeah, I know the thing that will help Chris. Email us feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. Also shout out to patrons at our master and grandmaster levels including Kevin S. Morgan, Dandorotter Hankins and John Johnston. Also thanks to Scott Johnson. Scott, what's been going on with you? Well, busy stuff all around but this month or this week, coming weekend, we finish the full month of May free art classes for kids that we were doing. My daughter and I were doing during the COVID-19 lockdown, we had a bunch of kids on Saturdays with nothing to do. Decided to have some drawing time for them. So that ends our five week run. That'll be this Saturday. We do it at 1 p.m. mountain time. You can find all the details over at our website which is frogpants.com slash art class. And if you haven't been to any of them, all of the previous classes are up in video archive as well as galleries of the stuff folks have been working on, lots of pictures from kids. It's great. We had a really good time with this. And if you wanna be there for one more, that's this weekend, 1 p.m. mountain again, film set, sorry, at frogpants.com slash art class. We know more and more people are going back to work the way Chris was in our email. But a lot of folks are still gonna be working from home for a while. And so Patrick Beja and I have started a new podcast from the fine folks at Subrillion LLC, makers of Daily Tech News Show comes work in sanity where Patrick and I share our experiences working from home for 10 years or more in both cases. So if you wanna take a 15 minute break from your work day and hear some folks chat about all the things that you've been facing and maybe share some tips that'll help you out, you need this in your life, workinsanity.net. And of course, you can continue to support this show directly at patreon.com slash DTNS. Yeah, don't short us, support us. Yes, please. Our email address is feedback at dailytechnewshow.com If you got some on your mind, send it over. We'd love to see it. We're also live Monday through Friday at 430 p.m. Eastern. That's 2030 UTC. And you can find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live. Back tomorrow with Justin and Robert Young. Talk to you then. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. The club hopes you have enjoyed this brover.


Have I ever mentioned on this channel that I'm not a real linguist? Because I'm not. I'm just a guy who's read some stuff about linguistics. Don't get me wrong, I do my best to research these videos, but I found it surprisingly easy to be like, wait, is this a thing? Did I read somewhere that this was a thing? I'm pretty sure I read somewhere that this was a thing. Should I look it up to make sure? And it sounds right, I'll put it in. This does not always end well for me. It was especially bad in the beginning when I was in the habit of just regurgitating whatever I read on Wikipedia without fact-checking any of it. But despite my best efforts to be more thorough, I still mess up every now and then. When I do, I do my best to correct whatever I can with annotations, but not everyone has annotations turned on, and I've heard they don't work on cell phones. So I thought I'd just put all of the mistakes I know about in one place so I can give you guys a sense of roughly how often I screw things up, and also maybe undo some of the damage I might have done. And for your viewing pleasure, I've ranked them an order of least embarrassing to most embarrassing. It's gonna start off with some minor nitpicky stuff, but stick around. It gets worse. Anyway, since we're starting off with the least embarrassing stuff, let's just do a quick lightning round of me failing to pronounce words I've only ever seen written. The Melee word for government official by translating it into Melee first, I guess? The country is Malaysia and the language is called Melee, not Melee. Aspirated veller plosive.  For native or naturalized Japanese words it uses hiragana. No, it uses hiragana. Wait, is that all? I could have sworn there were more. Well, there's probably more I just forgot about. Now we can really start the countdown to the most embarrassing mistake, starting with number 20. Which was inhabited by another group of Northwest Semitic language-speaking people called the Israelis. No, they were called Israelites. Israeli refers to the modern country of Israel, while Israelite refers to all of the ancient stuff. Number 19. Also, there are long and short versions of each one, and they only differ in how long you say them. Ah versus ah, ooh versus ooh, etc. We can't know that for sure. I learned after this that most of the time when languages distinguish vowels by length, they also vary a little bit by quality. So I'd guess that PIE would do the same. Basically, I don't know what I'm talking about here. Number 18. The letter X will be representing the khah sound, just like in my YouTube pseudonym, khibnaf. Firstly, stop pronouncing your name with a sound that doesn't exist in English. You're making things more difficult than they need to be. Secondly, you're not even doing it right. That's more of a uvular trill than a velar fricative. It should be softer, more like khah. Number 17. In 1888, the group published a declaration of purpose and a set of six rules for how the alphabet should be expanded from then on. Five. There were five rules. I put up five on the screen, and then I go on to list five rules. How did I miss this? Number 16. Alright, this one is going to be a little bit heavy in linguistics terminology. Normally, I'd explain what I'm talking about, but I figure anyone who cares is probably already going to know what these words mean. So basically, in this video, I assert that voiced aspirated stops involve a voiceless interval right after the release. But I have sense learned that this is wrong, and they're actually produced with a breathy voiced interval after the release. Hope that clears that up. Number 15.  You know, bath, bath, laugh, laugh, grass, grass. I probably should have specified that this whole thing with pronouncing words with an a in them with an a doesn't apply to all of the dialects of English spoken in England, let alone the UK in general. People in Northern England got very annoyed at this. Number 14. It also has a fair amount of influence from old Italian, old French, and old Slavic languages. Moldovan is not a language, and even if it was, it wouldn't be a Slavic language. It's a dialect of Romanian, a romance language. I just put it on there because I guess in my head everything in Eastern Europe besides Greek is Slavic. Speaking of making my illustrations by memory without fact-checking them, number 13. This map is supposed to represent the distribution of Indo-European languages, but it shouldn't include Estonian or the Dravidian languages. This one would rank lower if it weren't for the fact that I used this map like 10 times in this video. Number 12. Now, that explains why we have two letters for the k-sound, but it doesn't explain why we pronounce the letter C as a s-sound sometimes. Well, that's just because of random changes in pronunciation in English that's caused us to pronounce some k-sounds as s-sounds. What? What does that even mean? Look, I don't really know all of the details about the history of the letter C. As far as I can tell, the spelling conventions around it have changed a lot, but I'm pretty sure we pronounce it as an s sometimes because of a sound change in old French where they started pronouncing k as s- depending on the vowel that came after it. Not English, French. Also, sound changes aren't random? What are you talking about? Number 11. Grim's Law also explains house versus casa, lips versus lobbyos, foot versus pie, four versus por, cat versus gato. I was just jotting down whatever came to mind here and it turns out Grim's Law isn't actually responsible for half of these. We don't actually know where the word house comes from and cat was actually borrowing from the Latin cactus. Like, if Grim's Law had affected it, then it would have also affected the T at the end. Obviously, why didn't I notice that? Number 10. When I first learned that you could do this, I tried applying it to England and it threw a big fat monkey wrench into the whole system. Why? Because England is weird. English isn't special! It just looks that way because you happen to know a little bit more about it. I guess there's technically nothing, like, factually wrong here? It's just... No! No! Number 9. Also, Chinese may normally have a symbol for every word, but it's worth noting that almost all Chinese words are monosyllabic, so it could just as easily be described as a syllabary. Figuring out which it is isn't helped by the fact that the few Chinese words that are multi-syllabic are sometimes written with one symbol and sometimes there's one symbol for every syllable. Or so I thought. I mean, why else would Chinese be called a logography if there's always a one-to-one correspondence between symbols and syllables? Well, it turns out that the real reason is that there's a lot of words in Chinese that used to be pronounced differently but are now pronounced the same, but still mean different things. And all of these homophones are always written with different characters. So syllables that are pronounced identically are written with different characters, so Chinese can't be a syllabary. I'm honestly not sure whether or not there are polysyllabic Chinese words represented by one character. I've read conflicting things about it. Number 8. The merger is becoming more and more common in American television and media, and some people predict that eventually the entire U.S. will say the two vowels the same. You do. You predict that.  There's a bunch of dialects in the U.S. where the vowels have drifted really far apart rather than merging together. Maybe eventually people in those areas will abandon their local dialect in favor of one with the merger, but at that point, that's not really the merger spreading so much as just the standard dialect spreading. Number 7. Yang is associated with females, darkness, death, intuition, cold, and passivity, while Yin is associated with maleness, light, life, logic, warmth, and activity. Nope, nope, nope, nope. Reverse all of that. Yang is associated with all of these things, Yin is associated with all of these things.  Number 6. So, uh, remember this video? Remember how, like, the whole second half of it is me doing my best to pronounce a reconstruction of the earliest common ancestor of American English and British English? Heh, think about that reconstruction. Uh, I kind of made it up myself, and I made it by going through Wikipedia's list of English sound changes and applying all of them to my dialect of English in reverse. And apparently Wikipedia's list of sound changes is not exactly complete. Also, I'm just kind of crap at doing accents that aren't my own, so this whole video just looks stupider and stupider the more time passes. Number 5. Vocalized, vocalized, vocalized, vocalized, unvocalized, un vocalized, vocalized, vocalized, un vocalized, vocalized, vocalized, un vocalized, voiced. The word you're looking for is voiced. The worst part is, vocalized is also a legitimate technical linguistic term, but it just means something completely different. But for months, I thought that vocalized and voiced meant the same thing. I don't know why, I don't know how that happened or where I picked it up from, but now, unless I remove those videos, it's going to be up there forever. Number 4. Okay, so, four years ago, I was like, hey, I really want to teach people about different writing systems and how almost all of them can be traced back to Phoenician. I wonder how I can frame this in an interesting way. Hey, Vsauce did a video titled This Is Not Yellow with an obviously yellow thumbnail to teach people about the nature of color. I know, I'll do basically the same thing by making my video have a title and core message that's obviously demonstrably wrong. There's no way anyone's going to take it at face value and actually think I'm saying English is a Semitic language or that you can really determine genetic relationships between languages based on their writing systems. That would be ridiculous. And there's definitely not a giant group of people who legitimately think English is, say, descended from ancient Hebrew and that English people are descended from specific characters in Bible. Nah, I'm sure it'll be fine. This does not end well for me. Number 3.  Have you ever mentioned that I made this video in, like, a couple of hours? I basically just did some very, very basic research on Proto-Indo-European phonology and then I went and did my best to pronounce a sample of it I found on Wikipedia. I wound up not doing a particularly good job of pronouncing it. So, tell Tom Lachem ever quit. For God's sake, aspirated does not necessarily mean unvoiced. Number 2. And in addition to that, there's another method of determining syllable boundaries that I think is incredibly useful and takes advantage of one key fact about syllables that everyone agrees on. They never span multiple words. So, I said that everyone agrees on this basically because, one, it seemed really intuitive to me. Two, there was this one study I read that basically seemed to take it for granted. And three, I was about to get into how no one can really agree on where word boundaries are anyway. So, like, in the end, it's not even that useful anyway. But since then, I've realized that that study might have just been taking it for granted that the syllables in English don't span multiple words. And I never actually read anything anywhere that explicitly said that syllables don't span multiple words. But I also couldn't find anything anywhere that explicitly said that they can either, so, I don't know. At the very least, I shouldn't have said it so confidently. And the number one most embarrassing mistake I've made on this channel. If you plopped a person from 15th century Thailand down in the middle of modern-day Bangkok, they'd probably have no idea what anyone was saying. It'd be like us trying to read Shakespeare times a trillion. But at the same time, they'd be able to read all the road signs and communicate with people with writing just fine because the writing hasn't changed at all in the past 700 years. In the same way, people who live in Thailand today can go up to ancient temples and dig up centuries-old documents and perfectly understand the words written by their ancestors dozens of generations ago. If they were to change their writing system, they would be cutting themselves off from all that heritage, all that culture. So, uh, a lot of Thai people have actually commented on that video going, Wait, what are you talking about? We can't understand stuff that's that old. And it turns out there might have been a bit of spelling reforms in the early 20th century that I didn't know about. So, uh, that giant, passionate spiel at the end of that video turns out might be completely inaccurate. Alright, I think that's everything. I've done my best to learn from these mistakes and make sure to thoroughly fact-check everything I say, but I'm not really sure what to do about all the videos that already have all of this in them. I'm afraid that if I leave them up, I'll be spreading misinformation, but a lot of you seem to really like these videos and have learned a lot from them. I've kept all of them up because I feel like each of them has some core point that still holds, but I don't know. What do you guys think?


Countdown for Blastoff. X minus 5, 4, 3, minus 1, fire. Horizons of the unknown come tales of new dimensions in time and space. These are stories of the future. Adventures in which you'll live in a million could be years on a thousand maybe worlds. The National Broadcasting Company presents... Ex-ex-ex-ex-ex-ex-ex-ex-ex-ex-ex-ex-ex. Minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-minus-sol... One, it was 2,200 hours when my task force of 135 picked men and the waxed denographer, all fully equipped for any emergency, surrounded the big house. Just as I stepped out of my jeep, the old boy himself came storming out of the house with fire in his eye. While he was still ranting and raving, I gave him a soft salute and waited for him to finish. Go on, Geth!  This is private property and you're trespassing. I won't have it you hear now go on get out. I'm Colonel Windemere sir my orders are to establish a security cordon around your laboratories Here you are dr. Horn your copy of the orders. You can take those orders it Say say who puts you up to this? I know over and felt why that rotten over stuff back-stabbing monster of Dr. Horn. Oh, I know one felt I ought to he worked as my associate for years But that doesn't give him the right to turn trade run go running off to the Pentagon with a story about the horn effect Excuse me dr. Horn the general asked me to give you his personal assurance that my men will not in any way interfere with your work here It's just a matter of security security now. Listen here you tenet. I won't It's Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Windemere Colonel general you tenet. What do I care? What fool type you stick on your name the horn effect is my Personal property not yours not van pels not the panic guns not anybody's but mine You and your whole army can go plumb to the devil good day I watched the old man. He must have been all of 85 Go stalking back into the house During the night a wire stringing detail surrounded the whole place with three strand electrified barbed wire with guard towers every 50 yards I inspected the whole establishment before breakfast the next morning and then Satisfied that everything was in order. I ate breakfast in my tent I was interrupted by the appearance of van pelt the fat and chubby scientist who had sent the original report to Washington What did he say? How did he take it Colonel? I mean is he sore sore as a boil doctor? Oh Well, you're here, so I guess he won't try anything By the way, I Didn't get a chance to have breakfast in town and I wonder of course have some bacon and eggs Thank you very much. It looks delicious I watched him gobble up the rest of my breakfast I was beginning to understand why van pelt and horn didn't get along very well Why van pelt finally went running to the Pentagon with his report? Of course, it was my job to keep an open mind But I couldn't help thinking how I'd feel if my exec captain Lefferts went over my head in that way No, I couldn't blame dr. Horn for being angry At 1400 I went to see the doctor again. I brought along corporal McCabe my waxed anographer Well, what are you two want? Good afternoon, dr. Horn. I'm here to get your daily progress report daily You want to report every day? Yes, sir refer to paragraph eight of my orders Corporal McCabe here is an expert stenographer. She'll take down your dictation dictation. Oh, no, I won't do it I absolutely will not do it. You'll have to do it sir.  I ought to Progress report you say yes, sir You're going to stick to what you say. I must sir Well, I suppose I must reconcile myself to the situation now exactly What is it that you want lieutenant the reports are and it's Colonel not lieutenant just so just so The report a all about my work. Is that it? You may speak freely doctor corporal McCabe has full security clearance Well, that must make her very happy. Oh, yes the report Just so just so You're listening to the haunted corpse non X minus one have you ever read the one ads Well say one morning you pick up your hometown paper and spot an ad which reads wanted For important position with fast-growing concern native-born American citizen male or female at least 35 years of age Must be able to give proof of 14-year residence in the United States Position of four-year duration with possible renewal room and board furnished yearly salary $100,000 with an additional $40,000 for travel and official entertainment Plus $50,000 for operating expenses Summer residence furnished with paid vacation Qualifications of applicant carefully checked before position assigned Our ad sounds mighty attractive doesn't it but the job that describes isn't a soft one by any means As a matter of fact, it's probably the toughest job in America that of being president of the United States and The first job of each president is to take an oath that he will faithfully execute the office to which he's been named and Will to the best of his ability Preserve protect and defend the Constitution of the United States Yes, the job of being president is a mighty important one But preserving and protecting the Constitution is even more important because the Constitution is the supreme law of the land The president may veto a bill but if Congress by a two-thirds majority Passes the bill over his veto. It becomes a law under the Constitution unless set aside by judicial judgment Thus the best interests of the people are protected That's how your American Constitution works Back to X minus one man the haunted corpse I wasn't deceived by dr. Horn sudden willingness to cooperate He was probably trying to win my confidence so they could find a way to phone his congressman and make trouble for the whole operation But I am merely nodded to Corporal McCabe who opened her notebook and got ready to take the dictation very well This machine you see here is my polycloid quasi-tron now to understand its operation. Let me explain Oh, sir, excuse me that term. Oh, yes. Yes, dr. Horn. Would you kindly spell Polly? Those two words the corporal just so just so P-O-L-Y-C-L-O-I-D Q-U-A-S-I-T-R-O-N Thank you, sir. Just so well now the various It was rough going for about an hour The doctor had a pause every 50 seconds to spell a word from a cave who was looking more and more ill at ease But there was one virtue to this slow pace I was able to follow it all fairly well and when the doctor finally stopped I was ready to sum it up for him. I Hope your tenant that I made myself clear. Yes, sir. In other words You've perfected a method of electronically killing a man without touching him. What? Electronically killing a man without touching him. Yes, sir Just so you can adjust so Will you tell me one thing what in the sweet name of heaven did I say that gave you that?  Well, sir, that's what you said It is also what my briefing from General Follensby at the Pentagon gave me to understand rubbish. Oh I see what you mean Just so just so I confess I wondered why you're here in the first place The government feels that this is a weapon. Of course, sir. Oh Now we understand each other my machine renders humans into corpses No, there's a chip flint for that matter. Yeah, but never mind that is the aspect which interests you Yeah, very good, but mark this lieutenant my quasi-tron does something no chip flint can do It removes from the human body that thing which possesses only a negative definition the quantity that we will term X which Added to the body produces a man Subtracted leaves a corpse But you don't care about all that do you sir? I don't follow you down, right? You don't We're all corpses. Don't you see corpses inhabited by ghosts and there's only one man in the world who can separate the two Without destroying them and that is me And there's only one way to do it and that's with the quasi-tron the daily turn is Corporal McCabe and I left hurriedly I was ready now to make my situation analysis according to orders But I decided to check one fact. I summoned van Pelt to my tent that night No, no Colonel in the mirror. He's perfectly sane perfectly, but he is also dangerous particularly dangerous to me I Mean of course if I haven't the army's promise of complete protection Colonel That bowl of fruit looks tempting. I wonder if I help yourself dr. Pelt Thank you Tasty a very tasty a dr. Van Pelt. I must have the straight dope on horn. What's this ghost business? My goodness Colonel. That's just the old man's way of putting it Forget the term ghost if it really does pressure you Whatever you want to call this thing in the body life Intelligence or whatnot. This is what his machine works on If he wishes he can replace this quantity or remove it from body to body But you might call the operation our transference Transference of the personality Yes That would describe it No, I got rid of van Pelt fast after that now I had something really exciting to look into this old man had a machine that could take a person out of his body and Put him into another one if he liked next morning I demanded a demonstration and dr. Horn showed me how he could change a hen and a cocker spaniel with the Quasitron it was weird, but impressive and convincing Well, your tenant you believe in my machine now Remarkable But can it work with people indeed it can but these ridiculous laws governing the conduct of institutions Heaven knows I've tried to get permission for an experiment a man dying of cancer For instance to exchange with a feeble minded you why not put the sound mind of the sound body and let the other die But no, no, they won't have it. I see then it actually has never been done. No, but Uh Now you're here new tenant a military man very brave.  I am not a lieutenant doctor. I am a field grade officer But if there is a need for volunteers, I can find them for you sir. You can you really can yes, sir I can think of several likely prospects Give me until tomorrow just so just so you send a major. I mean, uh, no captain then tomorrow do splendidly My immediate job was to get the volunteers I would require to the first was easy a private enable company. I sent for him and he appeared looking apprehensive Sir that the colonel sent for me. I did you're the latrine orderly of able company. Yes, sir. I am sir Now there's a report on you a Well, that means a court-martial. You're aware of the possible consequences. Yes, sir. I am sir There is a possibility that these charges might be dropped It depends upon our finding of volunteer for a special job. Is that all sir? Oh, I volunteer colonel. When do I start sir? That was one the second was a bit more of a problem I thought at once of my executive officer captain leferts a fine officer typical of the best leadership type He had just been married and he had no desire to be transferred to Saudi Arabia Let me get this trade colonel Are you saying that if I volunteer for this assignment? There's a possibility my orders might be changed captain I hold your transfer orders in my hand if you decide to volunteer. I will destroy them Sir, I volunteer So it was done the next morning both men were strapped into horns infernal machine. There was a great crackling and sparking Yeah It's done. Uh, may I speak to my men go right ahead to your talent? The orderly first you name rank and serial number Sir Leferts Robert T captain a us serial number o three three three nine six one five Oh, sir about that transfer to Saudi Arabia. No, that'll do I put heavens And now you colonel sir, I changed my mind If I can't go back to Latrine orderly, I'll take the guard house, sir. It worked And at ease men You really did it doctor horn just so you ten and just so I really did Horn switched the two men back again while I rushed for the telephone Crash priority the Pentagon general pollens be priority and classified ask the general to stand by for scrambler a Weapon this was far more than a weapon. We had the world by the tail I got through to the general and I was excited as I pointed out the implications of the device Suppose a hostile representative visited this country I told him one of our men could switch places with him and no one would ever guess in time We could have our men in the top positions of every government in the world our men reporting to us It was the greatest opportunity any government ever had the general was impressed in spite of himself We arranged an appointment in the Pentagon for the next morning As I hung up I fingered the silver leaf on my shoulder it would soon be a star Curdles what is it old hair sir? I don't know how to put this. I'm afraid dr. Van Pelt has gone psycho, sir No, I sergeant. What's he done? He's raving sir. He says dr. Horn wants to live forever He says all horn was waiting for was to make a test on a human being He says now you've given horn his test horn is going to grab the first human being you can find it Excuse me, sir. This is what he said and steal his body Great Scott. Where's van Pelt now in the laboratory sir with dr. Horn She is everybody around here nuts Dr. Horn had a brilliant mind, but a war not body He was going to make a switch before his own aging machinery broke down. I had to stop him van Pelt was there literally asking for it When I opened the door of the lab, I stumbled over horns body dead He'd already done it next to his body sprawled my whack Corporal McCabe stunned by a blow on the head as she tried to prevent the tragedy and there at the machine was van Pelt What used to be van Pelt striking the complicated machinery with one blow after another Killed him you fool you want Otherable ass wing him. Yes stop him from smashing the machine. Yes, but why did you have to shoot to kill? It seemed the best way You've ruined everything now Horns dead and so is van Pelt The machine is wrecked beyond repair Sorry corporal, but I'm putting you under arrest. Give me that gun. I'm afraid not You're fundamentally a nice guy, so I'm just going to lock you in here long enough to get away lieutenant Lieutenant Horn your dr. Horn just so lieutenant just so Goodbye X-minus one has brought you the haunted corpse a story written by Frederick Paul and adapted for radio by William Welch Featured in our cast were Edgar Staley as dr. Horn Water black as the Colonel and Dean Lyman on twist as van Pelt Others in our cast were Lydia Bruce Alan Collins Bob Hastings and Ralph Camargo This is Fred Collins speaking X-minus one was directed by George Boots us and is an NBC radio network


Hi, I'm Dr. Rosemary Estevez. I'm a clinical psychologist. I'm here to share with you today some activities on how to remain meaningfully engaged while at home. These activities can include cooking competitions, virtual family movies, multiple gaming strategies, but most importantly, I want you to make it a goal to reach out to a family member or a friend that does not live with you, so you can remain socially connected. If you have any questions, you can reach your mental health team. Thank you.