For this session, I think since 2015, I think we already spoke to you about LBLOD, localization of data, and last year, we spoke about, of course, since this is open Belgium, the importance of open data, and how we work together with the community to make sure we have relevant solutions for citizens. And I'm not sure if you remember, because it was the last event, I think, before we went into lockdown. And we noticed how important our project was, because all of a sudden, a lot of decisions were made that we haven't heard of before, like having to wear a face mask, was all of a sudden the new normal, curfews, and even maximum amounts of people that can be in a certain area, a whole wide world of new kinds of decisions that we needed to know about. Of course, other governments needed to know what was decided, but also we, as a civilian, we wanted to know, and companies also needed to know what the new rules were. And the question always is, can I access the information? How can I make sure that I as a citizen or my fellow citizens know what to do? Can we create a solution that makes sure that everyone knows the rules? And since we have a project that builds an ecosystem based on standards and linked open data, we can say yes, yes we can, yes you can. We even have a deadline this year, by June 2021, so this year, local authorities will publish all of their decisions as linked open data. It will make data sharing easier, as you all know, and a lot of local governments already have started, so that means that they are making their decisions available based on the linked open data standard. They even have to publish it as linked open data, it's a rule. And they have a lot of solutions to do so, so we are helping them with a lot editor, so an LOD editor, a text editor. I think you lost addition, you could even have a go at it and try to create your own text editor and your own decisions in it. We have a few software vendors that already embed our editor in their tool, and there are also a few local software suppliers that embedded the linked open data standard in their publishing module, so that local governments can publish their decisions. The last year we spent a lot of time on infosessions, testing, support, giving them feedback, even giving them money to make sure that everyone is on board. And it pays off, so we already have 56% of all the local governments that publish their decisions as linked open data, and it's an increase of more than 26% since last summer. So it may cost us a lot of patience and effort, but we see it works. And what does it mean? Is that all of the information on local decisions like agendas, decisions themselves, the meeting minutes, that they are available on the local website, so we already did a test on Google if you look for local decisions. It is easier nowadays to find the local decisions. So if you want to look for something of your local government, you'll probably find it on the local website also. But we also, as a Flemish government, we also harvest the information and put it in our own data hive. Katrin will show you later how it looks like. Of course, you can also look for the mandates and the landing given of the local governments. It's also a database you can search for. What we also do is simplify the communication between governments and higher authorities like Flanders. It is kind of difficult for Flanders to look at all of the 300 local governments and know what to decide upon, especially with COVID, knowing what the rules were, not only citizens, but also as Flanders to make sure that every decision is not only legal, but is in sync with each other. That wasn't easy. So we could fall back on a database we already had to make sure we have insights in what is going on at the local level. So we have a besloyter database of local decisions where you could full-text search actually what was decided upon at the local level. So for example, when we looked for face mask, I can even show you if you want. I could show you, I can't show you because or okay, I can't show you because our network is done at Flanders. So I will show you maybe later on. Can you again see this presentation? Sorry. So if you look for face mask in our decision database, you could find I think almost 2000 decisions on Montmasker. So that means that Flanders can look at all of these decisions and make sure that they're legal and in sync with higher legislation, for example. We make sure that we share this information with other departments in Flanders so that local governments don't have to copy the information to other departments over and over again. So we want to make sure that citizens can be informed and can be involved in a better way. We have a goal by 23. We want to make sure that there are tools so we can do so by sharing the data we have and working together with all of you with the community. This is our minister, Barth Thomas. He also believes that the project we have here helps in involving citizens in the local decision making and he already answered in the Flemish parliament on questions about citizen involvement. So he mentioned that he really would like 2023 to be the moment we have better solutions to make sure that we can involve citizens. When we are doing a project, we have an agile way to make sure that we have the right solution. We identify the problem. We research a lot of possibilities. How can we tackle this problem? We build a project and then we test. The assumptions we made earlier and we are trying to learn from doing and testing our products and what we built. That is where we are now. So we are asking you, the community, to test what we made and we are asking you to influence the future. I explained that we want to involve and inform the citizens and we want you to challenge us. We want you to take the data we have and do something with it so that local governments can be motivated to be even more transparent. It is important for them to see that people are interested in the data, in the local decisions. So they know that the change they have to make in order to publish the data as linked open data. It has value. We also want you to inspire the policymakers to invest in open data and especially in linked open data. So if you have any idea on how to use the data on decisions, what would you do and what data would you want? We want to challenge you to pitch an idea, a concept design, maybe even a working application in three weeks. So we made a prototype. Katrin will show you. And we want you to play with the data and make sure you have some kind of idea. Katrin will now show you what data we have right now. We usually have more general information on meeting agendas, decisions and those who make the decisions. Now we put it in a decision data hive that Katrin will show you know how to use it. Okay, I will take over the screen. Good morning all. Before we start with the exploration of the data decision hive, I will still repeat what we have in it. Veronica mentioned it already. We have data about mandates. They are coming out from the Mandatan data bank. We have data about management functions. This is coming from the leading here in the data bank. Those two data sets are mostly complete. We have it from all municipalities and then the data we are today presenting to you about the decisions we have on this moment from five municipalities because we are still trying to help them to do it good because you have to know they are already obliged to do it from January 2019 but they are in a way to start and it takes some time. Municipality of Leverheim, for example, they have started in October to publish their first not to learn as linked open data. How can you see that? I will go back a step. Here you have the city council and on the bottom they have three documents that are published as linked open data, an agenda, a list with decisions and the meeting minutes. The meeting minutes are the most extensive documents. I will open it. There you have who is attending to the meeting. You have the items on the agenda and what is decided. You have the decision itself that is completed in the lists. You have only the items and the decision that is made about it, not the whole text and agenda. It is only the agenda items with sometimes a description. Meeting like this, they are having once a month and mostly not in December or not in February, so from October till now, we have only four documents already, not the meeting minutes of the last one who was held in February because they are published end of March after the next meeting. So just to explain how the process is working, it takes some time to have the complete meeting minutes. What's interesting before you start to explore and that decision that I have is to watch the data model that will help you to know what you can find, which items you can use to write the queries. You can use the entities relationships, but I'm not technical and I learned by doing so I will explore together with you the data. So here we have a first query. We are going to look how many meetings are in this decision data hive. So I used here a query I was asking for Besleut sitting what is having this type. So I have on this moment 23 meetings in the Sparkle endpoint, which means that for the agenda and a list of decisions and the meeting minutes they are all put together in one meeting. So for one meeting you can find three types of information. Let's go step further. Who are the boards who are holding the meeting? That's something else you can do. Then I asked for the URI, so I received the URI. And here you have the 23 meetings with their meeting boards and I can explore it further. When I click on it I can see from here it's the College of Danza that has made some decisions here. There are other ways to ask information. So perhaps it's more interesting to explore something where we have several meeting minutes. So I want to know which board has more than one meeting or how many meetings have each board we are having in the data set. So I receive here the answer. The most are having one in it for the moment. I have here a board with four meeting minutes. Let's explore this further. I can choose to copy the link here and then go for another query. It was already prepared so I will do it here. I have four meeting minutes. Just shortly to show how you can search in it. Let's go further and look at the data itself. You saw the website of Leverheim. Normally seen it's a meeting minute of Leverheim I have here opened and you see it here on the URI. For this municipality there is a difference between the URI and the URL they use. The URI is not dereferensible on this moment. When I click on the URI you will have an error message. This is also a tragic, a tragic we are working to and they are going step by step in one of the following new versions of their software. It will be dereferensible. There are already software houses who can make the URI dereferensible. Although we have a lot of information already from this meeting minutes. I go to the bottom because there we have general information. You can find here the date of the meeting. It was the 27th of January when it started at 8 o'clock, started at time 8 o'clock ended at 9 o'clock. The location and this time is now mostly a digital meeting before you found their council room or something like that. Sometimes now it's also a cultural center where they are meeting. What can you find? Also the meeting has a president and I see the URI of the president. When I click on it I will do it in another screen or another tab. You have the information about the president. He started at the 2nd of January in 2019 and he holds mandates. He has memberships and that's about the fraction. You can find there but we want to know who the person is. Then I can go here to Bestürlöke Alias van. Then I get to know the person and it's here going about Nikola Spinal. This data we are getting from the Mandaten data bank. The link was used here. You can find it also in the Mandaten data bank. Let's go back to our meeting minutes. What we have also. We have the Amwezig Bestart. Those are the persons who are from the beginning at the meeting. It works the same way. You can also find the mandates. Here you see the board who is holding a meeting. I showed it before for Denze. Here you can see it's the Gemeente Raad van Lievegem. Also the posts who are forming the boards. Can you find in here? Let's go further. I will scroll to the top again. Here you see all the attendees. Then here we start with the agenda items. I will pick one. Let's try this one. Then you can see what information we have about an agenda item. Okay. My internet is hanging. I will try it again. It was working this morning. Always risky to have a live dinner. Yes. Pick another one. Yes. Here I have it. It was a little slow. About the agenda item. I'm not kidding you. Here it's about an agenda point. I can go to the subject of the agenda.  Because someone can leave or can start later at a meeting or in some cases he may not be attending the discussion on an agenda item. Because he's involved in the agenda discussion. Okay. So the attendees we have here. When we go further we have again the foresitter. Interesting here is you can see how people have voted on the agenda point. Let's open this. We will stay in the same tab. Okay. I missed. No problem when I go back. So when you take this one you are coming to the definition of what is heath stemming. To see the data you take the one at the right column. So what you know what's about what's to find about the voting. You can see who has voted. So it's a forestander. The item are who is. There were only people who are saying yes we are going to do that. It's still loading here. I don't think there were the heath standards. It's a big. Now I have no the heath standards here. I will wait until he has loaded the other page. So because he's also counting how many people have voted. Yes. How many people were against it. So you can see what's the amount. It's a public stemming. And it's because the voting is public. You can know how every Chancellor has voted. There are also votings who are secret as we know it. And then you do not know how every person has voted. There are no heath standards here. Everyone was had said yes. So we see here 24 standards. There were 29 persons in the council room. We do not know yet on what they have voted. So we are going back because we want to know what were they voting about. And then normally it's this one where I can see what they have discussed. It was in Besleut von der Koleise. Here you can see also what's the content of the decision and what's the motivation to take the decision. It's a long motivation. For this moment you find the decision in one text block software houses or the tools that are already further in the data model. They are of they can split up from article on from this on this moment. We do not have yet someone who is splitting up in articles because it takes some time to to have changes to the software tools. Well, this is what I wanted to show you what we have in our data hive. I will not go too far in it so you can explore it by yourself. On our website you have other kind of queries. So I say let's explore and try to do some things. We are going to add some more documents and there are municipalities who are starting in a few days. So by the end of the week you will find a little more data available. So I give back the word to Vironiki. Thank you, Katrin. I'm not sure. I'm not sharing my screen. Thank you for explaining our decision data hive. I tried to show you our database of decisions earlier and managed to get in there. So I can show you how we could search for Montmask. For example, I will first tell you we have more than 86,000 documents in our database. If I go for Montmask, you will show us that there are 1,484 decisions on Montmask. And like Katrin showed us, you can click on them and look for linked decisions on there like this. We go to the website of the local government and then we can see that there was a decision by the mayor when and where to wear a Montmask. If we then go to the future what we would like to have is solutions where we can not only look for the tech for Montmasks, but that you also can see a list of places where you have to wear the Montmask. Like these are the streets in the center of a city, for example, where we have to wear it. It's like that almost everywhere I think. And that you can click on the streets and see what was decided upon that street earlier where Montmask was mentioned in the decision. And even what we would like is some kind of link to measurements on how busy it is. So you can have some kind of alert that sometimes the rule says you have to wear a Montmask when it's busy. So it would be nice that you also get some kind of alert on that. So that is what we envision in the future. In making tools possible where we can integrate the information on decisions in applications that are close to citizens. So I would invite you to explore our data and dream with us. We will launch your websites on the challenge. I think in a few. Arthur, I should mention. He is already available. He is already available. So you just go to open Belgium. 2021. Yes, click on that and see what the challenge is all about. Let's go. What would you do with it? That's our challenge for you. And I think that was our talk. We are open for questions. I already saw some questions. You can find a small summary in the shared notes. Yes. I did see someone asking about vegan roads. It's difficult to say these things in looking for the notes. Yes. So I do remember correctly. Local governments have to have some register on defining new roads and adaptions to the roads. And they also have to send it to the central database. We are working on that actually. That was maybe the question. We are doing this in steps, like we do with all other things we try to implement. I could maybe show you how it is now mentioned in our registry or database of decisions. Because we are working with MOE on this subject. Where local governments can publish their decisions on the roads as link data and we can harvest them automatically. That doesn't mean that we already can have a lot on his segment. But that would be the future actually. So the first step is making sure that we know about the decisions and that it doesn't cost a lot of effort for the local governments. I was going to show you that we already have them in our database. I was trying to lost my mouse thing. Too many screens before me. Here it is. So we have, for example, the tool from Willebroek. Like this. It's still in a non-linked way. So we still have a PDF, but you can see that we are finding the decisions on roads. If I go for Hoylan, we can see that we can find the decision on the Hoylan next to the roads. But the idea is that we can have lots in the decisions later on so that we also can have the information on the actual his wegsegment. I'm not sure how to put that in English. So I'll just have to go for the Dutch word. Is that an answer to the question? Okay. Are there still some other questions I need to address? I assume that given that there's at least some action on the server that some people are thinking of various solutions, either feel free to bring them up or maybe we should kind of indicate what the broadness of the solutions are that would be interesting for the challenge. Right? Yes, because what we want to test whether or not our solution for giving you the data is okay. And in general, whether or not we can use this way of working in order to involve citizens more in the future. So it's kind of different levels. We are trying to get feedback on how to move forward. So that means that anything with respect to the challenge like this data is useful. And I would like to extend it with the following data. It would be nice if we'd have that or based on this, I could build an application or I've tried with it. I built a few queries and I now have the following information and it's interesting. Anything that has to do with the data or extending this data what you can do with it is super useful and very, very, very welcome. And then we'll figure out how we get the best information out of that or the quote unquote best ideas but that's mega weird of course. So anything in that regard, either now or later, we'd love to hear from it. We'd love to hear about it and from you. Right. And I think on that page, you'll find a place to join the challenge, how to contact us, if you have any questions, how to reach us, if you've brought down the Sparkle endpoint, how to make sure that we bring it back up. So feel free to ask silly questions to it. It's all fine. We have a few questions. Is a party affiliation also available on the members of the city council, for example? Yes, it is. Normally, you can find it via the relationship litmatschab. I was looking it up. I will post it in the chat. It's not always the same of the party because the fraction can be going together from several parties. So it's not completely the same. You could see it on which list someone is elected. Since locally, there are a lot of local lists that are not having a national party behind them. We sometimes have really exotic names of local level. But you can know on which list someone is being. If the municipalities have filled it and we asked for it, but not all of them are doing it, but you are going to find a lot of it. I try to find a link and I will post an example. Yes. And then Jean is asking, what technology do you use to build the user interface? Yeah, I'm also typing it. I think the most interesting is that you can actually query either a Sparkle endpoint or any backend services using a restful endpoint and it will yield you back JSON. So you can send out Sparkle queries and you get back JSON. So what we use, we use semantic works to have some microservices that yield us some basic information about the triples and that lists us the human readable names of these triples. But I suppose if the more interesting thing is that you can send Sparkle queries directly as JSON, if it should be that you hit course errors, then we can just enable it so you can use it directly on the same endpoints. So you can use that Sparkle endpoint. Do make sure that you can configure it somewhere in your application maybe because it might be that, so this database, you can bring it down, it's all fine for open Belgium. But there's other databases that we intend to have live for a longer period of time. If you can then replace it, then you can keep your app up and running because technically speaking, these APIs, the semantic model is fixed. So that should stay running for years. Was that the answer, John? John, you can use your microphone now if you like. And if you'd like to discuss further, feel free to contact and either chat or mail or meeting. You can see that some of you are already are posting some ideas. Very good. Does everyone understand what they have to do to participate in the challenge? That may also be something that maybe we should repeat it. I'm not sure whether or not it's on here. How to propose your idea. You can find it on the website. You have to send in your proposal at the latest on the 22nd of March in an extended elevator pitch. And SEP is already going wild on it. Any more questions? That either means people are typing very, very rapidly or we'll receive further questions, maybe over email or ideas or that I see some vibe in the chat, which is encouraging. And some ideas, I mean, with actual things that you already can see, that's super bad. Thank you, SEP. I think we can conclude on time. This was the first session. I hope you have a blast in searching for ideas, sending us your pitches. Thank you very much, Fironik and Katrin as well. I will quickly copy paste the shared notes into the public chat so they are also saved on the recording because that's not the case if they are in the shared notes. So you will see a lot of text there. Yes. And if there are no further questions, then I think we can conclude this call. I will stop recording in any case.


So we're here at the ID TechX launch pad zone and hi, so who are you? My name is Steve Lerner, I'm the founder and CEO of the company, and this is Michael Karst, our VP of VisDev. And what are you showing here? I'm showing a gas sensor. As the name implies, we build carbon nanotube based gas sensors. So this is a gas sensor, which is a big important thing for the future, right? Environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics in board, auto monitoring, household applications, there are hundreds. So I've been told I shouldn't talk about it, but you know all this smoke that's going on, you can measure that? Of course, well, we don't measure particles, but we can measure the gaseous compounds within the smoke. So it's like the PM 2.5 value or something like that? PM 2.5 is an indirect measurement using our technology. If you look at PM 2.5, it's 40% composed of nitric acid and ammonia. So if one were to measure those two chemical compounds on a high particulate day, you can infer the PM 2.5 level without having to resort to expensive spectroscopic methods. So it says right here, you do stuff that has to do with reducing the power consumption of IoT gas sensors by 1000X. Is that for real? That's being generous to the incumbent technology, which is metal oxide. That's what I'll be talking about tomorrow. That's running at 100% duty cycle. If we reduce that down to 2% duty cycle, we're looking at nano amps or nano watt power consumption. There's no other sensor like it, melds well with energy harvesting techniques, obviously increases battery life by many orders of magnitude. So it's what we need to get IoT embracing gas sensors more frequently. The metal oxide semiconductors are in the milliamp range and taking them down to the duty cycles that I mentioned earlier severely degrades the sensitivity. So how is it different from what's there? What do you do different? Well, we use different materials. Our fundamental mechanism is different. A metal oxide semiconductor is basically a heat plate operating anywhere between 200 and 400 degrees C. We run at room temperature. We have no heating involved in the measurement process. And we're using unique material. You've heard of the nano craze 10 years ago. It's finally coming into its own after much characterization, much engineering work. We're harnessing pure, semi-conducting carbon nanotubes. So this is nanotechnology? This is nanotechnology. Finally. Oh, what's it called? Not finally, but this is a real chip right here? It's a real chip. It's real technology. And the beauty of our approach is that it's scalable. This is not nanotechnology from a university lab. This is nanotechnology whose process is qualified in the largest semiconductor fabrication centers in the world. So does the air go into those nine holes right here? And what goes on under it? Can you try to explain? Basically, we're changing the resistivity. Let's just sit down so you can get closer to the mic. So you're doing what, sorry? Basically, we're measuring the change of resistance in the sensing element. It's a very simple mechanism, but to engineer that all out to semiconductor grade processing, cleanliness, repeatability, that's what hasn't been done previously. Researchers had carbon nanotube gas sensors working 15 years ago, but they might find one out of a batch of a thousand. We can manufacture these with 99% yield. So it's now moving into product phase. So you have a demo? So it's in here, your chip? The chip is running now. This is basically an air inlet, an air outlet, a little foil to... The chip is in the middle there? Yeah. And you connect the chip to your PCB? Yeah. This is a prototype unit, peripheral electronics, batteries, Bluetooth connection. And you're seeing the chip or the sensing response running on the tablet. And what you see here are 22 parallel elements running simultaneously. So 22 elements, what elements? So this chip is actually an array of sensors. In this particular package, we have 25 sensors. Of what? Different things? In this case, they're all the same, but they can be different things. They can be programmed to react with custom molecules of interest. So let's say if you want to measure the pollution, is one thing? Yeah, let's say you want to measure volatile organic compounds indoors, benzene, formaldehyde, other pollutants, carbon dioxide. One could program a chip for a matrix of gases of interest on a single chip. So you just program it? It's not just ones and zeroes. The programming methodology is composed of both chemically doping the chip and building machine-learned algorithms to recognize the signal response.  We are. Otherwise we wouldn't be in such a luxury booth. And how soon is this going to be everywhere?  So how much do you need? A hundred million? A billion? Or what's the target? We're a wind sheep. We're looking for five, ten million. And that would be enough to do what? Mass production? That would be enough to fully characterize several families of products. So then it would go around here. It would be in all these markets. You would be able to do stuff that has to do with cancer, diabetes. Each of these are a project in and of themselves. There are many, many molecules in our knowledge. Pollution? There are many, many molecules in outdoor air quality. What do you do with food? Food, measure spoilage, freshness. So you just point at the apple and it'll tell you you don't eat it? You bet. Stuff like that? You know, when you go to the meat counter these days, or when at least we're used to in the old days, pick up a piece of meat and spell it, right? They don't like you to do that anymore. So we can just wave our cell phone over the meat. So this is going to be the smart point? That's the holy grail for us. 2019? No. No? Why not? Why do you say no so quickly? They're way too conservative. The vision is to have these sensors in the phone, not only monitoring your environment, but monitoring your health. There are thousands of volatile organic compounds in your breath. Those are all tell-tale markers for a variety of diseases. But that needs to go through FDA. That needs to be bulletproof in order to go into a cell phone. That's a lot of engineering work. Hence the investment that I trust you're going to find for us after downloading all this information. So right now, the people watching, they can just contact you and we'll put the contact information below the video. If they're on the West Coast... Where are you based? We're based in the greater Boston area in Burlington. Michael is based here in Santa Clara. And we can be anywhere that's needed. And you're going around to all the different big companies and small companies and maybe they're coming to your booth. And we're giving a talk tomorrow. All right.


In 1699, today is when the Casa Font was created and that's where we're here to celebrate. Yeah, we basically celebrate by sharing lunch together, eating food and just celebrating as a whole. Happy Versace! Happy Versace! Happy Versace! Happy Versace! Happy Versace! Happy Versace!


Okay That took quite some time to get it started. Okay. I hope you all had a good one. Good break Thanks for joining back All right, let's continue with where we left off We looked at the first two points of from page 28 That Jesus as the perfect sacrifice in point one. We see that how He is our high priest and our sacrifice the offering and the Offer And then we see in second part in second point that as the royal priesthood because of the sacrifice of blood of Jesus We have unlimited access to the Holy of Holies. We've been invited to come to draw boldly To come boldly to the throne of grace, right? that invitation is so It's so beautiful that he's it's not just saying come But it's addressing the attitude and in the manner and the we can come he says come boldly To the throne of grace Amen, so that was the second point. That's where we stopped. So let's look at point three in page 28 We as believers are washed Redeemed and made righteous by the blood of the Lord Jesus Okay, can I read that again we as believers? Okay, that means you and me each and every one of you in this class We are washed We are redeemed Redeemed Right and made righteous Not by our own deeds Not by just not by our good deeds not by our righteousness for our righteousness I think like but filthy rags, but we are made righteous By the blood of the Lord Jesus To have access to enter the Holy of Holies anytime all the time To meet and fellowship with God however It is up to us Individually drawn near to him in worship just like the priests of the tabernacle drew near to the most holy place We as worshipers and priests in the new covenant have to draw near to him in worship So the invitation is there access is there but it all comes down to us will you choose To go deeper Will you choose to draw near to him? Because the word says if we draw near to him he will draw near to us, right? So when we draw near individually and worship God we call it personal worship So there are some practical guidelines for personal worship that can help us in our journey of becoming a worshiper All right. So first point is we draw near to God intentionally Hebrews 10 22 encourages us to draw near right. We draw near to God Intentionally that means we you have to be intentional. It's not going to happen by accident Okay, you have to make that resolve in your heart. I'm going to seek him Until I find him right, okay, so drawing drawing near to God intentionally and few points sub points in that point one is We draw near to him with a true heart Insincerity and wholeheartedly We draw near to him with the true heart with since insincerity and wholeheartedly and Sometimes ago we wrote something made note of you know Something that that's about coming to him and I'd like to read it for us if that's okay Says the furnace of intense desire the furnace of intense desire for Jesus burns up self It burns up self-interest Self-centeredness self-confidence self-glory It means when we come to him We are not here to ask for anything or getting him to do anything We are not there to gain power or favor or for people to know that we were there We are not there for the sake of our own consistency or For our own self-discipline. We are not there to prove our devotion to other people or ourselves But we are there to simply give him all our hearts up to him because he alone is worthy To give him all our attention adoration devotion and affection man So we are there not to gain any power or favor or to prove anything to anybody else not Not to gain and not for our own consistency sake Right, but we are there simply because he is worthy and that is drawing near to God with a true heart in Sincerity whole-heartedly knowing that he is worthy and so I'm going to draw near to him All about him he is the audience of one And I think that's something beautiful that we can learn from Luke chapter 10 when he talks about Mary of Bethany is that she makes the choice to sit at the feet of Jesus and to just adore him to you know just Lean into him and Hear him talk to her You know, so that invitation is there just to be like that Mary of Bethany for you know Don't get me wrong. We need Martha's as well Right, we need Martha's who will work who and whatnot But then there are times when we just need to be still and quite in our hearts come before him Sit at the feet of Jesus and hear what he has to say Okay, so that is drawing near to God intentionally with a true heart with heartful of love and sincerity and Then we draw near to him in faith Knowing that he is with us even though we don't see him or necessarily feel him We might there might be times that way but but we draw near to him in faith knowing that he is with us Now his word says he will never leave you nor forsake you taking Believing that verse that promise by faith right with a clear conscience It asking God forgiveness for repentance Being washed by the water of the word Okay, so many times in the Bible the scriptures is referred to Water where it cleanses us Right and then finally with boldness We draw near to God with boldness Okay, so just five points that we draw near to him with the true heart We draw near to him in faith with clear conscience Right asking for forgiveness or forgiving someone that needs to be forgiven. Okay Uh being washed by the word of God and we approach the throne of grace with boldness Recognizing that we are the righteousness of God through the cross Okay, so all of that Is key for us to draw in near to God intentionally Amen, and then the second point there is Express thanksgiving and praise in spoken words or in a song Remember guys, we are talking about some practical guidelines for personal worship. Okay, just in case you've lost track You know, we are talking about some practical guidelines for personal worship. So the second point is Expressing thanksgiving and praise. Okay. It has to be verbal, right? You're expressing gratitude, uh, you know And there's a court, uh, if I may paraphrase it it says If you're feeling gratitude towards someone and if you do not say it or express it, it's useless Right. So if your heart is filled with gratitude and thanksgiving and praise and to God and if you're not really saying it You know or expressing it. There's no point Right. So express thanksgiving and praise in spoken words, right? Um, I'm just reminded by this Brilliant court again. Um says, um If we enter his gates with thanksgiving Whose courts are you entering when you complain? If God is enthroned on the praises of his people, then who is being enthroned on the complaints? right I just thought that's just an awesome court. Um So expressing thanksgiving is you enthroned God and it has God is enthroned in our hearts The the enemy is dethroned everything that is not of God and of his kingdom is being dethroned when we express Thanksgiving and praise and express and pour out our gratitude unto the Lord right And then the third point says worship with the word Worship with the word Okay, use script passages to express adoration to God All right, um Very often what I would also encourage is to sing the scriptures. Okay, that's Actually, I mean just just another word for Worshiping with the word. Okay is to sing the scriptures And that's just a wonderful exercise That I've been doing It's been very helpful as well and we encourage all our worship team members to do that as well And so I'd like to play as a video Where it talks where shows demonstrates this person demonstrate how singing the scripture Can be powerful Okay So he's going to be singing from Psalm 27 So I'm going to encourage you to just turn in your bibles to Psalm 27 as we watch this video and let and as you watch it Let this let what they are singing minister to you as well. Okay, so here it is We're going to introduce verse one and I'm going to sing through it and then they're going to sing around you And this is this is I think one of the best ways to study the bible to get the spirit to To cultivate the spirit of prophecy. So let's try it. I'll actually introduce it Is Wait a week, we just simply touched the light of god we can sing about his light all day long I didn't have to write a whole song. We simply open the bible saying one verse And this is what I'm telling you from this little exercise.  I love poetry But the word can do what poetry cannot And I don't want to just sing songs and rhyme. I want to sing his heart I want to sing his nature. I want to sing his character And this was just a tiny example. It's a simple chord progression. It didn't have to be fancy Simple simple chords simple melodies Simple thoughts simple phrases and what happens is these spontaneous chords just bubble up. They come out of nowhere This is how songs are written This is how we sing the prophetic song of the lord. This is how we Um You guys like that there's so much to jesus, isn't it? So much to jesus from his word and the beauty That his word reveals of who he is is unparalleled Um And so some of the key points that he mentioned in the video is What do you say this is so many things? Um, one of the things he said is he likes poetry But god's word can do what poetry cannot singing words that rhyme Is not more important than singing the word of god Or singing his heart. That's that's what he says, right? Singing his heart is more important than singing words that just rhyme and Yes, Divya, I'll share the link Here john if you can get the link All right Thanks john.  So As he was encouraging, uh, you know and Sing just if you just open up a bible and sing the scriptures Sing the scriptures It does something it did something now, right and I've I've seen that video I've heard that Many times many times but every time The god's word is being sung It does something right and he sang from sound 27 and just one verse There's a song from one verse on the light of god and he said that they could sing on the light of god all day and Yes, it's truth. Isn't it? It's true, isn't it? We could sing of the light of god all day um It's interesting because in that same psalm psalm 27 verse 4 david goes on to say one thing I ask of the lord and that will I seek That I may dwell Or tabernacle or pitch a tent in the house of the lord All they all the days of my life and to gaze upon the beauty of the lord and to seek him in his temple Amen, so there's this seems to be like this progression Right, uh david is going past the outer course in the uh to the holy place and to the most holy place And there I will dwell I will seek I will gaze I will behold the beauty of the lord um And then in that same psalm psalm 27 if if you go down to verse eight It says my heart says of you seek his face And your face lord, I will seek Amen, um, so all of this uh happens when we just you know What if if we can just follow this one of these guidelines that is singing the word worshipping with the word Beautiful things happen. Amen. And the fourth point mentioned is fourth guideline is praying and singing in tongues So the third point was all about singing the word worshipping with the word and the fourth point is just taking it up a notch saying praying and singing in tongues You know, so those are some practical guidelines to draw near to god intentionally okay, um So just continue looking at jesus as the perfect sacrifice in point four It talks about with our identity as priests. Each of us have a responsibility to offer up spiritual sacrifices Okay, uh, we looked at this in the previous chapter as well and we where we see that You know priests never went empty handed before the lord in the tabernacle or in the temple Priests never went empty handed before the lord Okay, so uh, we now being uh in the new covenant being called as the royal priesthood Each of us have a responsibility to offer up spiritual sacrifices Right and the fifth point there is one of the spiritual sacrifices that we are called to offer as we draw near to him is praise And how many times have you addressed this in this course? Therefore by him let us continually offer up the sacrifice of praise to god That is the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name Giving thanks to his name right, um And so we've emphasized enough On learning about the power of praise the importance of praise and And it seems like it can never it can never be enough for us to understand the power of praise, right? It's like a portal that opens up heaven and for god's kingdom to invade our situation our circumstance And that's what praise and thanksgiving does it it's like magnet. It attracts heaven heaven cannot listen to our praise And not do anything about it Heaven the kingdom of god has to respond When it hears our praise and our thanksgiving amen, it has to respond. It's like One of the laws of physics right like the laws of gravity what goes up has to come down Isn't it and so the praise and thanksgiving in the kingdom of god is almost like a law Okay, if this happens, we have to respond Know ifs and buts about If my son or my daughter is offering praise and thanksgiving i'm going to go And all of my kingdom Is going to come with me amen um So that's what happens and just let's look at a few more examples of what happens when we personally Praise him when we personally praise god God the king inhabits our praise his presence his power his kingdom rule and reign Invades our circumstances and situations Praise causes divine deliverance Do we remember this passage from second chronicles? And now when they began to sing and praise the lord said ambitious against the peoples of amon moab and monsayer I hope you remember this passage and we learned about the power of praise Okay, so the first thing what happens is god the king inhabits our praise he dwells Okay, that's his address. That is the atmosphere that god dwells in Right, and then that is being released into our situation when we praise him Point three says praise stops the enemy Praise stops the enemy and from some aid verse 2 it says out of the mouths of babes weak Babies infants nursing infants that cannot defend themselves Out of their mouths he has ordained It's his strength And because of your enemies that you may silence the enemy and the avenger Without praise guys god has silenced Our enemies And praise prepares our heart to receive from god Praise prepares our heart to receive from god and hosier 10 11 simply says juda shall plow Simply means the praise a plowing of the field is what a farmer that plows the field is preparing To sow the seed and waiting for the rains to come And so when we praise him we are preparing the soil of our heart For god to come and rain and bear fruit in us Amen, so those are the four Points, you know just to remind us once again of what really happens when we praise him personally Is that god takes a seed on the throne?  Hope everything is good all as well Okay Thank you So now we are moving into a different section. So until until this point we've spoken Or learned about personal worship the importance of it And how there is an invitation to for us personally to enter the throne room of god To enter his presence with with praise and thanksgiving to enter his throne of grace boldly So there is an invitation for us and what it comes down to us is if we are going to make the choice to go deeper Are we going to stay in the outer courts or are we going to go all the way to the holy of holies? It's up to you Right and some practical guidelines that goes with it to help you You know push you and encourage you to go that extra mile and Now we will discuss about corporate or congregational worship Corporate worship or congregational worship okay, uh, so just Before we just look at the notes. There's a couple of things about the congregational worship Question Do you think corporate worship is important? If yes, why do you think corporate worship or congregational worship is important? John says yes, okay Everybody else know Two is better than one Yes, why why is it better? Okay two one is two is better than one. Okay Why is it important? What's the significance of it? To honor Jesus as his people right Yes, it helps in encouraging each other Yeah Encouraging each other Yeah, corporate worship is important. I think in Hebrews it mentions about the assembling and gathering together not to neglect The gathering of each other. Yes Also ensuring the word of God come on guys. What else? How many of y'all are part of a church? How many of y'all have missed going to church in the last Year and a half almost two years How many of y'all have missed the fellowship of being around people In your congregation. Yes Yeah, thanks prayer. We are the body of Christ body has many parts each one has its own function together. Yeah, we make the full body. Yes Interestingly enough yesterday sermon by pastor Ashish was about us being one body for guidance and counseling purposes. Yeah. Yeah Awesome. So I think we are all in the same page. Uh, at least we don't need to have a debate or something. Oh, yes, Divya. Please go ahead. Yeah Yeah, I just wanted to share something that happened today for for our Sunday service So like we were late for the church and we were sitting in a different room So in that room, we do have screens where they project The worship from the sanctuary. So we were trying to worship But there were only few people and everyone is you know sitting on the couch relaxing some looking on the phone Some were drinking coffee and we were like, okay Okay Then we couldn't sit there for long. So we and one other elderly person we came out Because in the screen we could figure out that in the sanctuary. There were many seats So we just went inside the sanctuary and it was so different And yeah, we were like, oh, how much we missed Uh, we should have gone in the beginning. So yeah, even in during covid time. Yeah Yeah, we missed a lot. Yeah, and I should say apc Uh, so this is the one thing that we grab hold of during this Yeah, yeah, thank you. Yeah, thanks Divya. Thank you for sharing that. Yeah Uh, yeah, I mean so many things this code has taught us What I think what definitely one of the things is not to take for granted. Uh, just to coming together uh, you know Of worshiping Jesus as one body, isn't it? It's just beautiful. It's just beautiful Right, so a corporate worship or congregational worship So we're gonna just look at the section very briefly about the importance of it, right? Because the congregational song In the new testament was congregational Okay Uh, we repeatedly, you know find singing taking place among people who had relationships, uh, you know shared joy or any corporate purposes. Okay, there was singing involved, uh, you know Very often and every time and um, so this is caught by Ralph as the person called Ralph Martin Uh, he says that christian church was born in a song By the christian church a corporate church, right was born in a song. This is a very interesting code, right? And so and And when we look at this notes, we see there are two aspects to it. Oops, sorry One is the vertical aspect and the horizontal aspect, so we will just quickly take a look at that When we come together as one body as his church, okay The vertical aspect what happens there is we are to minister to god That is one of the main purpose Again, okay emphasis is to exalt god That is the main purpose a main objective To bless and glorify him Which is our primary purpose in worship not to get something for ourselves Okay, we are not the recipient once again to remind ourselves that we are not the recipients of our own worship Right, but god is The question is not whether the worship service blessed me, but whether it blessed god Did you minister to him before you can receive something from him? Yes, we go to church, uh, you know And that also happens we get fed. That's also the reason why we go to church You know, we we are encouraged and whatnot But the primary purpose is to minister to god Okay, we minister to the lord not to the ulterior motive of receiving a blessing But rather with the motive of blessing him whether he blesses us or not Right, we worship to better realize the presence of god the main difference between a church service and a meeting of a social Organization is the presence of god, isn't it? Right, uh, where jesus emphasizes again, he says where two or three are gathered I am in their midst Right, and we have so many get-togethers and whatnot. What is the difference between that a family get-together friends get-together school reunion college reunion all of that and Um, and as as believers coming together Simple difference is the presence of god his annoying thing Amen, it's the same thing. That's the same difference Between the music of the world and the music that is played unto the lord C major is the same three notes c e n g that Hill song about the we play it's the same notes when metallica iron maiden All these secular bands play but what is the difference? uh Is that the is the holy spirit breathing over those notes breathing over those chords breathing over your instrument or what you're singing What you're declaring what you are playing? right, so the presence and his annoying is is Is a differentiating factor To provide the atmosphere for the expression of the gifts of the holy spirit God waits till we are ready to receive his word To provide the atmosphere for the expression of the gifts of the holy spirit and god god waits till we are ready to receive his word the prophetic word Okay, uh, can you all think of any other uh, you know examples from the bible? Uh, how god showed up when people gather together corporately or congregationally Any other examples that you can think of? The one is from x chapter two Again, it says when they were all gathered together In one accord in one heart Right, then The holy spirit came isn't it Many battle strategies in the whole testimony. I'm reading your comments in the chat section and Priya says in the family get together The father loves to see his children loving each other and coming in unity That makes him much happy. Yes extending this to the heavenly family that magnitude became. Yeah Yeah, it's just intense isn't it? Uh, and again, you know this theme It just resonates even in revelation which is Every tribe and every tongue People from every nation Will come together there is What is happening in revelation? Is the worship song being you know, it's rising corporately congregationally Right So another characteristics in the new testament corporate song is uh, is the manifest presence of the holy spirit itself right in Ephesians chapter five You know, we know the popular scriptures 17 and 19. It just clearly Says that singing of the early christians was an overflow of the spirit at work in their hearts Right and encourage one another sink to one another. It's what it says, isn't it? Um All right, so, uh, let's look at the horizontal aspect of it The horizontal aspect is one is to enhance the sense of unity within a body Enhance the sense of unity Within a body. Okay, so i'm 133. It says how wonderful and how beautiful it is Brothers come together in unity All right, so All believers have this one thing in common that they love the lord jesus christ and express their mutual faith together in song Uh, even if you just take the Uh, the church factor out of it, right? How many of us have come together?  Um to minister to one another To teach and reinforce spiritual truth re-emphasizing efficiency 519 and colossions 316 Um paul again encouraging let the word of christ rich dwell in you richly Okay Point four to provide believers the opportunity to profess their faith before others and to declare the glories of god before unbelievers To provide the atmosphere for preaching of the world Also to prepare the pastoral leadership for the delivery of the word Okay, uh, it's just so many things that is happening in corporately when we come together one just to remind us Let's look at the summary in page 31 This is incongrigational worship one we minister to god Incorporate worship brings about a sense of unity within the church The song we sing as a congregation enables us to learn teach and reinforce spiritual truth And corporate worship prepares our hearts and provides the atmosphere for the preaching of the word and how important is that Amen It facilitates us to express the feelings of our heart in uninhabited worship So that's the summary of the corporate worship and the importance of it. So in conclusion It simply means god is eager to help us as we prepare But he wants us to ask him for that help. We don't simply plan for meetings. We plan for people Right, we don't simply plan for meetings or events Everything that we do is we plan for people and ask god for songs that will serve those you are leading Rather than ones you like or the ones that will make you look good Every person walking in on sunday morning has unique needs Specific since he or she is battling blind spots and a tendency to forget the gospel We have the awesome privilege Of pointing everyone To the greatness goodness and the grace of jesus christ We need the holy spirit's power to be effective and as we'll never outgrow our need for his help Okay, so coming together as a church as one body There's more than actually what meets the eye. There's so much more happening spiritually Amen So with that we'll end this session about personal and corporate worship Right Is there any questions or is there anything that you would like to share? Or is everybody doing all right all clear? Okay Great. Once again, I hope that you could take away something of today's class both the session session one and session two God bless you go back home and reflect on everything that you learned Let the practical guidelines help you in your journey in becoming As becoming a worshiper as you go deeper and deeper Amen Thanks guys. Thank you all for joining in god bless you all Have a wonderful day and stay safe. See you all once again next week. Bye. Bye


This research paper examined the use of different machine learning algorithms to identify the factors associated with road accidents in Milan, Italy. It found that age and gender were the most important factors in determining accident rates, while artificial neural networks, ANNs, were the most effective algorithm for approximating complex relationships between inputs and outputs. Generalized linear mixed effects, geolamy, and multinomial regression, MNR, were also used to build upon the results from the ANNs, providing further inciting to the underlying causes of road accidents. This article was authored by Lorenzo Musson and Muhammad Amin Elisade Maynack.


Welcome to Major Moments of Mindfulness, the Lightenment Show. I'm Andrea Marion, creator and host. Your mindful awareness and focus happen naturally all the time.  And intermittently, this awareness reaches a significantly higher consciousness level. A deep insight or intuition arises that changes life in a small or grand way. This is a Lightenment moment, which I explore with guests in each show.  Brianna has a BA from Franklin and Marshall College, an MPH from Dartmouth College, a DO from Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. While on a Fulbright scholarship in Poland, she had met Mike. They fell into dreamlike forever love. After returning to the States, Mike visited Brianna at Dartmouth College. Shortly after that visit, Brianna got a phone call from Mike's family. And in her own words, her Lightenment experience began. I got a call from his parents, from his dad actually. In August, August 25th, 2018, that Mike had passed away and, you know, I was shocked. I was like, you're kidding me. I just spoke to him on the phone two hours ago. Like, there's no way you must be making this up. I remember that morning him calling me on the phone and I was like, I'm at the grocery store.   What flavor would you like? And that was the last conversation that I ever had with him. Mike died away very suddenly and quickly from an ascending aortic aneurysm. Brianna got inspiration from the book The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse by Charlie McKeezy. One of the lines is, when the dark clouds come, keep going, said the Mole. Yeah, I felt a part of myself that I had never felt before. A sense of grieving that I had never fully experienced. You know, I had been through a breakup before, but it's different when the partner that you expect to be with for the rest of your life is torn away from you within seconds. I, at the time, you know, considered not going back to New Hampshire to complete my studies, my master's. I considered just giving up, right? Like my life would be easier if I just, if I just wallowed in the pain. You know, like, what do I have left to live for kind of feeling? Or why did it have to be me? Why did it have to be my partner that passed away? Like, what did I do to deserve this? Tears fall for a reason, and they are your strength, not weakness, said the horse. Sometimes, said the horse. Sometimes what, said the boy. Sometimes just getting up and carrying on is brave and magnificent. Brianna allowed herself to fully feel her grief. Shenzhen Yang, U.S. mindfulness teacher and neuroscience research consultant, writes, A complete experience means to experience something in a state of extraordinary clarity, concentration, and equanimity. A complete experience of pleasure delivers pure satisfaction, but has little substance. A complete experience of pain is poignant, but not problematic. So I ended up going back to New Hampshire to complete my master's program, and that is really where I started to feel enlightenment. That is where I felt moments of like, whoa, life has these beautiful moments, and I can keep going and I can get through hard times. My journey looked a lot more nature-esque, or I would say like inspired by things I was seeing outside. I took a specific time if I, you know, felt I was going to start crying in class. I would go outside. Really being outside was my, it was my happy place, and by this point it was the autumn in New Hampshire. So all of the trees were changing color, and I remember going for drives. I'm listening to music in the car, watching the environment around me. It was like pink, pink sunsets and changing leaves, and those were the things that I remember being particularly moving for me and particularly helpful to my grief. Henry David Thoreau writes in Walden, It would be well, perhaps, if we were to spend more of our days and nights without any obstruction between us and the celestial bodies. The music you hear is called Golden Summer, Mike and Brianna's Song by Pam Holland, a professional composer and pianist and friend from the Fulbright program. It led to a few things. First of which is I, and I think this is both the lighting moments combined with losing Mike. It led to a big appreciation for some little things in life or small things in my day-to-day life that have contributed to my happiness. I very much live my life with the motto now of, and this is going to sound cliche, but it's very true, just like things are transient, things are temporary, things don't last forever, and that's the beautiful thing about life, right? Like we see change and growth and we're almost stronger for getting through those moments. Shenzhen writes in his 1998 book, The Science of Enlightenment, impermanence is not merely something that you experience in your sensory circuits, it also informs the motor circuits. It's a kind of effortless energy that you can ride on in daily life. And Shenzhen goes on, What few people realize is the states of present and focus are trainable. Again from the boy, the mole, the fox, the horse, parable, What do you want to be when you grow up? asked the mole. Kind, said the boy. What do you think success is? asked the boy. To love, said the mole. Brianna learned to love again five years after Mike died. Yeah, so David is my partner. He is such a wonderful human and is one of the most emotionally intelligent people I've ever met. We actually met on our surgery rotation. And I remember balling in one of my surgeries. I walked in and you know how did my mask on and my cap on and so all you really could see were my eyes. And you just David noticed no other surgeons noticed, but David noticed that there were tears trickling down my eyes and you know, so let's take a break. Like it's not a good time to be in the OR. So we took a break and I ended up opening up to him. What's the bravest thing you've ever said asked the boy help said the horse. Is your glass half empty or half full asked the mole. I think I'm grateful to have a glass at the boy. But David and I are at the start of our residency. We just started this past June. And we're loving it so far. We love our program. We love the people in it. Eventually during residency, we hope to get engaged and married. And yeah, we'll have a lifetime together. Sometimes hard for me to think about that because I know in some capacity that my life could have looked so different. And if like we're still alive and I had a future with him instead of with David, but I try not to think too much on the like what ifs and you know, if things were different. I instead just focus on being present and being here and living each day or each hour even to its full capacity so that I can spend time with David and appreciate that or spend time with my dog and really appreciate that. In Walden, Thoreau addresses the time continuum that Brianna experiences. Thoreau wrote, I have been anxious to improve the nick of time to stand on the meeting of two eternities, the past and future, which is precisely the present to toe that line. I'm not aware of what people were going through like I didn't have the capacity to understand the emotional sort of turmoil or emotional endeavors that people were on that my patients, you know future patients could be on because I had never experienced grief not to say that people who haven't experienced a great loss can't feel that for others or can't sympathize with others but I really truly did not understand what it meant to be going through a really tough time like I was so grateful to have grown up in a stable household and never have experienced a hard death previously but Mike's death was completely eye opening for me and that loss can change people's life and grieving whether it's a pet or a family member or partner or you know, a parent. It's not even all sorts of different ways, but everyone is united by that grief if that makes sense. Through the New Hampshire countryside, Brianna let go of herself as she relaxed into intuition, wisdom, clarity, self acceptance, all expression of enlightenment, according to my theory. This is intermittent breakthrough, no self realization. It feels more placid right now. It feels stable for the first time in a little while. I think going through medical school is a turbulent time in and of itself, lots of waves in medical school of can I do this and am I in the right field. And even before that, you know, trying to get through my grieving and understand if I can continue. The warm sun and soft fall breezes and the brilliant golden leaves and light along rural roadsides brought Brianna rest. According to Shenzhen, the mind takes a brief pause or rest from ruminating fantasy, worry, planning, etc. The restful pause feels so good that one chooses it again and again to create a feedback loop of alpha brain waves. This is concentration power, harnessed for blissful, tranquilizing rest. This state, Shenzhen, tends to open one so that one fights less what comes into experience. Brianna intuitively used a similar practice that I would relate to my enlightenment theory. She opened herself to her experience in order to go on with her life. My death has forced me in a good way, a positive way to live more presently and just feel what is going on in my day to day. So I just would love to remind everyone that whatever you feel is what you feel and it's okay to have feelings and it's beautiful to have feelings. So I encourage you to honor those emotions, honor those feelings and remember that there are people out there who have experienced really hard things and if you need a community it exists. Get with who you are along with everyone else. This is the Lightman Show.


Every gen 1er remembers that iconic battle in the indigo league which saw bell sprout go full ultra instinct and nearly knock ash out of the tournament. That was until ashes muck used some rather unorthodox methods to finally stop bell sprout in its tracks and ruin the dreams of so many of us bell sprout fans. I swear at the time I genuinely believed if muck hadn't beat bell sprout this thing would have went on to be the indigo champion. This was and still is one of my all-time favourite moments in the original pokemon anime series.


All right, so let's take one more attempt at this particular equilibrium problem. Dissociation of N2O4 into NO2 at 298 Kelvin where it has this equilibrium constant denominated in terms of pressures. Previously, we saw when we worked that problem at constant volume, we got this particular answer, a certain amount of N2O4, a certain amount of NO2 when we're at equilibrium. When we do things at constant pressure, as we'll see, the answer is a little bit different for reasons that we'll be able to understand. So let's just go ahead first and start tackling this problem the same way we did previously. I can say once I've reached equilibrium, I no longer have the initial amount of NO2 that I had because NO2 is a product. I've generated two additional moles of NO2 for every mole of times the reaction proceeds, likewise for N2O4. So far, this is proceeding exactly like it did at constant volume. N2O4, I consume a molecule of N2O4 every time the reaction goes forward. The next step would be to say, again, for ideal gases, the pressures, if I want to convert molecules to pressures, I just multiply by kT and divide by V, now comes the difficulty. Since V is no longer constant, the V is going to be changing. The volume of the initial system as the reaction proceeds, if one molecule of N2O4 generates two molecules of NO2, I've got more molecules in the gas. If I keep the pressure constant at one atmosphere, that's going to cause the volume to expand. So this volume depends on the extent of reaction. So that's going to make this step not difficult, but one step more complicated than it was previously. So as a first step, I can say, what is the volume, what is the total volume of that system? It's going to be changing as the reaction proceeds, but what is it going to be equal to? It's, as an ideal gas, going to be NKT over P. But the N that I need now, this N is the total number of moles, the total number of molecules of gas in the box. So N total, the total number of molecules, that's just the molecules of reactants and the molecules of product added together, molecules of NO2 plus molecules of N2O4. So if I add these two things together, the total number of moles is however many moles of NO2 we have. That depends on the extent of reaction. Add that to the total number of moles of N2O4 that we have, that depends on the extent of reaction. Two squiggle minus one squiggle, the net result here is that I've got initial NO2 plus initial N2O4. I'll just name the two of those added together. That's my total initial number of moles. And then plus two squiggle minus a squiggle gives me a net plus one squiggle. So that's my total number of moles. I can use that in this expression to say that the volume is going to be N total. So that's the total initial number of moles, plus one factor of squiggle times kT over P, over the constant pressure of one atmosphere at which I'm doing this calculation. One atmosphere because I've got half an atmosphere each of NO2 and N2O4. That's the volume I need to use in this expression when I convert molecules of NO2 to pressure of NO2, molecules of N2O4 to pressure of N2O4. So now let's go ahead and do that. It's taken me a little work to get to this point, but when I multiply by kT over V, I'm going to put the answers down here. My pressure of NO2, molecules, partial pressure of NO2 is molecules of NO2 times kT divided by this volume. So it's going to be molecules of NO2 and NO2 initial plus two squiggle times kT divided by V. So I'm dividing by this fraction divide by N total initial plus squiggle kT and then there's a denominator of the denominator now which I'll move up to the top. So that's an expression for the partial pressure of NO2 and how it depends on the extent of reaction. Notice that's a little more complicated than it was in the previous example where we didn't have to worry about the volume changing. Likewise, the expression for N2O4 is going to be molecules of N2O4 N0 minus a squiggle times kT divided by this expression for the volume. So I'm going to divide by initial moles for the whole system plus a squiggle times kT over P. So that P in the denominator, the denominator again moves up to the top. Okay, that took a little more work, but now we have expressions for partial pressures of the reactants in the products. So I can say at equilibrium what must be true is that the equilibrium constant must be products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients over reactants raised to their own stoichiometric coefficients P NO2 squared over P N2O4 and now I just need to insert these expressions into that relationship. So I've got P NO2 squared. Whole fraction squared. Initial NO2 plus 2 squiggle over initial moles plus 1 squiggle times kT. Yes, actually, you know what I'd rather do? Before I write this expression in terms of moles, I'd rather rewrite these expressions and get rid of moles. So what I'm going to do here is I'm going to rewrite these expressions. There's a kT on the top and a kT on the bottom that would cancel very easily if I wanted them to. What I'm actually going to do is I'm going to take, throw in an extra 1 over V on top, 1 over V on bottom so that I can say molecules times kT over V and kT over V, that's going to give me a pressure. So that's going to convert molecules to pressures and it's going to convert my extent of reaction with units of moles into an extent of reaction in units of pressures. So the result of doing that, kT over V just turns these molecule quantities into pressure quantities. So I'll end up with p0 NO2 plus 2 lambda which is what I'm calling extent of reaction in units of pressure over p total pressure, initial pressure plus a single lambda and then I still have a total pressure, the fixed total pressure of the system outside this fraction. Likewise, pN204 is going to be this expression with n's turned into p's and squiggles turned into lambdas. So I've got initial pressure of N204 minus lambda over total pressure initial plus a lambda all times pressure. All right, so those are the expressions that I'm going to insert into this expression for kP. So insert both of those into here.  Then I'm going to divide it by this expression so I'll just turn this one upside down. pN204 initial is on bottom minus lambda. On top I've got p total plus lambda and this p once I've turned it upside down becomes a 1 over p. So that's my equilibrium expression. There's some simplification that happens. There's a p squared and a 1 over p. So I end up with just one factor of p. There's on the bottom a p total plus lambda that gets squared and on the top p total plus lambda those again partially cancel. So this expression will become kP is equal to pN02 plus 2 lambda quantity squared. That's this term from the numerator. In the denominator I've got one factor of p total plus lambda. From here the other one canceled this one and one factor of pN204 minus lambda and I've got a p total pressure left over outside the fraction as well. So looking at that expression it's not quite simplified as much as we could. If I bring these two terms over I can convert this to a quadratic equation. I'm not going to have any terms bigger than lambda squared from the numerator and bigger than lambda squared from the denominator. So I could do a bit more algebra and write this out as a quadratic equation with enough quadratic equations. I'll leave that as an exercise for you if you're interested in it. But this is going to be a quadratic equation the coefficients of which we know p0 for N204 and N02. This should be a p0 rather than an equilibrium pressure. p0 for N204 and N02 we know those we were given those. kP we know that we were given that. Initial total pressure is just one atmosphere because that's half an atmosphere from N02 to N04. The constant pressure that's also one atmosphere. That's the total pressure that remains constant throughout the entire equilibrium process. So if we solve this expression if I say we've done the work, done the algebras, used the quadratic equation what we get is solutions to this equation. I can either get negative 0.392 atmospheres as a solution or I can get negative 0.109 atmospheres is the result that we'll get. Again, one of these doesn't make sense physically. If I only have half an atmosphere of N02 I can't react the reaction backwards enough to get rid of 0.392 twice that would consume more than all the N02 that I have. So this solution doesn't make any physical sense. The solution that does make sense is the minus 0.109 atmospheres. That tells us that once we reach equilibrium the amounts of Pn02 and N204 can be obtained from these. I've got them up here. This expression and this expression. So, again, I won't work through the arithmetic but I'll write it out the first step. The way I calculate pressure of N02 would be initial pressure of N02.5 atmospheres plus twice lambda so I'm adding twice this value, this solution, minus 0.109 and then I have a denominator. I have initial total pressure of 1 atmospheres plus a single factor of lambda minus 0.109 and multiply that by the total pressure of 1 atmospheres. So that works out to be some number. 0.316 and likewise I won't do as much of the arithmetic on the board. This time Pn024 if I take half an atmosphere minus my value of lambda divide that by a full atmosphere plus my value of lambda multiplied by an atmosphere that works out to be 0.684 atmospheres. So, I guess we should also double check is that or is that not the solution to our equilibrium problem? If I go back to the equilibrium expression and say Pn02 squared over Pn204 N02 squared that's 0.316 atmospheres squared N204 is 0.684 if I work out that ratio that works out to be 0.146 so that's not exactly the answer we came up with the value of Kp that we started with but it's different just in the third sig figs and since we were working this problem with three sig figs there's a little bit of round off error that happened so essentially that's the correct answer the fully correct algebraic answer would involve a little more precision beyond 0.316 and 0.684 so that solves the equilibrium expression we've confirmed that that's correct if I compare those answers to what we got when we did things at constant volume we can learn a thing or two so our N02 pressure is a little different than it was at constant volume N204 pressure is a little different than it was at constant volume both of them are larger than we got at constant volume notice that if I add these two together 0.316 and 0.614 if I add those together I get a total pressure of one atmosphere so that's another useful double check we claimed that we were doing this at constant pressure whatever the N02 and N204 were end up to be at equilibrium they added up to one atmosphere at the start they're adding up to one atmosphere at the end so that means we did indeed maintain constant pressure as we reached equilibrium that doesn't happen over here if I add 0.298 and 0.601 that adds up to 0.899 so as expected when I do something at constant volume the pressure does not remain constant it changes what happened is as this reaction proceeded in the backwards direction every time two molecules of gas turned into one molecule of gas the total number of gas molecules decreased so since I kept the volume the same the pressure dropped alternatively in the constant pressure case since I'm keeping the pressure the same the volume had to increase sorry the volume had to decrease I'm decreasing the number of moles at constant pressure the volume of the system had to decrease in order to keep the pressure at one atmosphere and that's given by this expression here the volume changes as the extent of reaction changes


Hey everybody, what's up, it's Rob Dodson. Just wanted to pop in here and give you a heads up and tell you that this month, we are hosting the very first ever Polymer Summit. It is an end to end look at all things Polymer. Now we're gonna be streaming it all live from Amsterdam so you can tune in. It's gonna be a full day of amazing talks from all of your favorite Chrome and Polymer engineers. So folks like Eric Bidleman, Addy Osmani, Alice Foxhall, Paul Irish, and Monica Dinkalescu, and many, many more including yours truly. So tune into the Chrome Developers Channel on YouTube, September 15th to catch all of the action. And if you wanna participate in the discussion, you can hop on the live stream chat room or follow the Polymer Summit hashtag on Twitter and G+. All right, I'm off to go prepare my talk. That's it for today. Once again, thank you all so much for watching and I will see you live from Amsterdam, September 15th. See you there.


By now you are getting familiar with our lamination techniques, but one thing we have yet to talk about is our light RTM process, so sit back and let's see what's behind the glass.


You need a financial advisor with the freedom to focus on your specific needs. Whatever your goals, Reed Potter can create a game plan tailored to you. Call Reed at 432-0777 at Pikeville, Kentucky to learn more. Magical Adventures await the story trail located at Bobby Miss Park between the Overlook Event Center and Muddy Boots horse stables. We're having magic at the story trail on September 7th at 5.30. The kids will come and they'll get a top hat and a little magic wand. And they'll walk the trail and read the story. The story is called This Book is Magic by Ashley Evanson. As you follow the trail, be prepared to encounter magical surprises and perhaps even pick up a trick or two to amaze your friends and family. At the end is a gazebo and that's what I would be. We'd be doing three short 15-minute shows. And, you know, I don't want to get one of the tricks is the library card.  It's not a lot of bunny because we're outside. We're going to do a trick with a Rubik's Cube trick with some peanut bun jelly that I've done as a kid. And all the kids are going to be part of that show with the magic wand. When they wave the magic wand, the Rubik's Cube will disappear. When they wave the wand, the silly bunny will appear from the hat. When they wave the wand, the card will turn into the library card. Non-time award-winning illusionist Joseph Young will take the stage and perform three mesmerizing magic shows every 20 minutes starting at 5.45 p.m. The Story Book Trail is just a fun way for families to get outside and read a book, take a walk, read the story. It's just something a little fun, a little different than what they're normally used to. Magic at the Story Trail is hosted by Pot County Libraries and Popville City Tourism. The event is free and no registration is required. Reporting from Mountain Top News, I'm Ethan Miller.


Today, the criminal economy unit of Task Force Maxima took overt action in relation to two fraudulent investment scams that have been occurring in Brisbane and Gold Coast and wider Queensland. We're alleging that these investment scams are linked to two criminal motorcycle gang members who are still outstanding for these jobs, the criminal gang Banditos and criminal gang the Black Eulans we allege are involved. The criminal economy unit is based within Task Force Maxima. In the background, they have been profiling our criminal gangs, the unexplained wealth attached to these criminal gangs. Today is the first public appearance, the first overt action that the criminal economy unit have taken. They work closely with the national anti gangs unit and state and federal authorities and this is the first phase of a larger investigation. Could I just say this that to the heart of the matter is the victims in this instance, they're all members of the community that have been affected by a large investment fraud and we're alleging behind that large investment fraud is at least two criminal motorcycle gang members from the Banditos and Black Eulans. They're outstanding at this matter, police are currently searching for them. As a result of the overt action today, five search warrants have been executed in Brisbane and on the Gold Coast and this has resulted in the seizure of documents, mobile phones, computers, jewellery and a custom made Harley-Davidson motorcycle. The person arrested is a 33 year old male. He's believed to have ties with criminal motorcycle gangs the Banditos and the Black Eulans as as mentioned before he's due to appear in the Brisbane Magistrates Court tomorrow in relation to his charges.


Hey everybody, Cliff Slak, gentlemen to here at Mountain View Dodge from now to December 15th We are cramming a caravan with Mountain View Food Bank And we're jamming a Jeep for the Olds Christmas Angel Society And thanks to the folks of the Holler real estate team I think we'll start tomorrow drive here today and really appreciate their support So come on down, donate, get 10% off your next little change And let's make this drive a success See you soon