J.D. Martinez almost won a triple crown this year to not have him in the top three shows you that the the writers are just as drunk on analytics as the front office. It's how do you watch that season and not think he deserves even if you want bets more. Now what probably works to the Red Sox advantage and ultimately bets is if if J.D. Martinez is there it splits the vote and could give it to because who is it's Mookie Betts. No Mookie it was Mookie Betts and Ramirez. So Ramirez made when the MVP just because they would split the vote. Mookie would win it. Mookie is going to win it. Even if J.D. Martinez was there you don't think you could split the vote? Well I mean J.D. Martinez this is just the final three that they finished in the top three I'm sure J.D. Martinez was fourth. So I'm sure he took some votes. But they don't split votes because I mean that's always a misconception. Each city has only two voters so if you split those two voters every other American League city that's 14 other cities have two other voters so there's 28 other votes and I can split all of them if you watch them play all the time only two guys vote from Boston. There's a guy that hit for that kind of batting average with those home runs on a team that won 108 games and give it to Mike Shroud who's an average baseball team best. And again his war is higher than J.D. Martinez I'll give you that but my point of contention is this as Don said they won 108 games World Series doesn't count because the vote is in after the final game. How is J.D. Martinez not more valuable a Red Sox team that couldn't get out of the first round of the playoffs last year they bring in Martinez a team that didn't hit home runs in 2017. Now all of a sudden became a home run any team. How is he not more valuable than Mike Jackson the angels. Stop it with the analytics blindly following and nothing irritates me more than war because nobody ever goes over to the ticket office to say I want to watch that player that's got the best war in the American League. What was Trout's war. Do you know I can tell you I think it's around 10. All right. And what was J.D. Martinez's war. I can tell you. What. See when I look at did Jacob the Grom and I look at his earner on average and look at how much better it was the Max Scherzer or Aaron Nolas. I say to myself you know what he deserves it. But war if you're telling me Trout's is a 10 and J.D. Martinez is a 7 or an 8 it's it's a lousy 2 3 games. That's going to be the difference of winning the MVP because guess what those 2 3 games didn't mean anything to the angels. They were average those 2 3 games might have been the difference of the Red Sox winning the division. I'm amazed. I am amazed. I can't find it right now. I can't imagine that it could be that big of a difference. If you're telling me it's a 10. If J.D. Martinez has like the highest war of all time for this season I'd like to say I like to see what the what the war was. Okay let's see. A stat that's so important that it takes an hour to find it on baseballreference.com. God these the analytics drive me crazy. All right it's going to get it's going to kill this war this year is 10.2 which is outstanding. So what was Martinez. I'm going to tell you right now because we're talking about it's probably somewhere close. Well we'll tell you right that's all we can do is tell you that's all you can do 6.4. But again so less than 4. So what they're saying is trout can win you four more games than Martinez can over 160 games. Also you know what war doesn't show you the protection that Martinez gave everybody else in that lineup. That doesn't get calculated. How about this. All right. Now you can say that trout is a as a plus plus defender and J.D. Martinez is a negative but let's let's let's talk talk rationally right to the analytic guys.  Put the calculator on the shelf all right and your computer should control all the lead for a second for me all right you got your little war stat you get all excited over this Red Sox team couldn't get out of the first round. Would they win 90 what games last year. I don't know but all right one of the vision J.D. Martinez on the team wins a world series and they win the win the division going away. Doesn't that tell you right there instead of all the stats they add J.D. Martinez and look how much better the team became. That's where most valuable player comes into way more wins. I got to look up to see the win loses the war battle because he doesn't play defense. That's it. So then so so if you're not a good defender then you shouldn't be in the MVP conversation. A lot of people eliminate that's why there's no D.H. in the Hall of Fame which is a joke Edgar Martinez should be in the Hall of Fame. Right the fact that his offense was just like through the roof.  Which I think is offensive because you know what his job is to hit and he's pretty darn valuable as a hitter. So the Red Sox win 93 games last year and they go and they add J.D. Martinez they win 15 more games and I realize the postseason doesn't matter right so the fact that they got into the world series but it tells you the value that they add him all right and they win 15 more games now I'm not saying he should win it Mookie Betts should win it but you're going to give me a guy that's still on an average team I understand I understand if you want to say who's the best player maybe that's what they need to do Michael is they have an MVP and then they have the best player award. But then they would tell you war is wins above replacement so if you give 10 more wins than any replacement level player you're more valuable than six can you can you give me this and if the analytic people want to go after we find I don't care it's still theoretical it's a theoretical wins over replacement all right right it's it's RBI's home runs it's not two plus those those those are tangible and it's not theoretical it is one company's war is different than the next. Oh I've seen that right because ESPN will have a different war right amazing amazing I'm not saying I think the winner is Mookie Betts but that he's not in the top three shows you how addicted people are to these numbers rather than give give the guy credit but he's the difference in the red so they're trying to be cute they're trying that they're that they're trying to be smarter than they're the judge in a boxing match that always goes with the other guy because he sees the he sees the fight different than everybody else because he's smarter than everybody else stop yourself already.


Hey everybody Dr. O here. In this video I'm going to give you a quick overview of all the organelles of a typical eukaryotic cell like our human cells. So some of these will need some more detail and I'll do several videos but this will be like a just a high level overview. I'm just going to go right around the cell here like I did with the bacterial cell if you watch that video but let's go ahead and start kind of right near the top there with the cytoplasm. So the cytoplasm is everything inside the cell, inside the plasma membrane except for what's in the nucleus and some would argue about a few other details but really it's just the guts of the cell. So the cytoplasm is the cytosol, the fluid portion of the cell plus whatever organelles are swimming inside of it. Alright that's the cytoplasm, the guts of the cell. Then you have the plasma membrane. So the plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane and it's very important because it plays a role in keeping what we need in our cells in, keeping what we need, what we need out of our cells out and then moving things back and forth. So the plasma membrane, I'll do a separate video on it, it's a phospholipid bilayer but it's a very very important. Now what makes this unique versus the plasma membrane in a bacterial cell is our plasma membranes have cholesterol in them.  It's what makes our plasma membranes strong and they are so strong that we don't need a cell wall. So plant cells don't have cholesterol so they need cell walls. Bacterial plasma membranes don't have cholesterol, they need cell walls. So we don't because of cholesterol. So it's actually a really good thing in this context. Next, this purple structure here, we have the nucleus. Inside the nucleus is the nucleus. So the nucleus is where our RNA or ribosomal RNA is made and then the ribosomal subunits are put together. So it's a factory making the ribosomes that we'll need all over the place. Next is just the nuclear envelope. So it's actually really similar to the plasma membrane so it's a membrane that houses and protects what's inside the nucleus which includes the nucleus but also obviously your DNA, your 23 chromosomes. So that's the nucleus. People call the nucleus the control center of the cell. What I would say about the nucleus is this. It controls protein synthesis or people call it the brain of the cell, right? If you were to ask me what's the brain of the cell, I would say the plasma membrane, the cell membrane is the brain of the cell. It's what senses the environment and responds to what it's sensing in the environment. So as far as like receiving information and making changes based on it, I actually consider the cell membrane or plasma membrane to be the quote unquote brain of the cell. The nucleus though does control protein synthesis. So the conversion of DNA to RNA and RNA into protein. Then lastly in this area, we have the nuclear pore. Those are just the openings so that your RNA can leave the nucleus and go find the ribosomes here in our eukaryotic cells. The next two are related. We have the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. So they're both these, they're both your kind of flatten chambers where materials kind of move through them. But the key difference is the rough ER as it's called is studded with ribosomes. So the reason it's rough is because it's covered in ribosomes and the smooth ER is not. That's why it looks smooth here. So the rough ER think about ribosome with ribosomes do as we'll get to in a moment. They're responsible for the production of proteins or protein synthesis, the site of protein synthesis. So the rough ER think modification and packaging of proteins. Those proteins are being produced by ribosomes. They're being modified and packaged there in the rough ER. Smooth ER doesn't have ribosomes. So think nothing to do with proteins. They make lipids like like part of your cell membranes. They make lipids and they make carbohydrates. The other key thing that the smooth ER does is that it activates toxins. So you'll see like the liver cells are going to have way more smooth ER than a lot of cells. So that's your rough versus smooth ER. I'll come back to ribosomes again in just a moment because there are two different types of ribosomes. I want to make that clear. So that's rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Next we have the cilia. So cilia are going to be on the surface of some cells. Just a note here. Bacteria don't have cilia. So if you see a microorganism that has cilia on it, it must be a eukaryote. But so cilia are used for movement. They can actually if you're a single celled organism, they can propel you and move you through the environment. But most human cells are going to be connected to other cells in tissues and they're also going to be connected to connective tissue often called the basement membrane. So if there are ciliated cells on our human cells, they're going to be moving material across the surface of the cell rather than moving the cell. But the cilia think movement, either the movement of a single celled organism or the movement of material across the surface of a cell. So very important examples we'll get to. One organ that's not on here that this makes me think of would be the microvilli. So if the cell has there, they're not as long as cilia and there'd be more of them. But if a cell has shorter structures called microvilli, villi means finger. So imagine microscopic fingers. Microvilli, their function is to increase surface area. So if the cell is going to be absorbing or secreting a whole lot of material, it'll often have microvilli on its surface. We'll cover that when we get to histology. So that's the cilia. Next here on this image, we have the Golgi complex. I call it the Golgi apparatus, but another section of flattened sacs. I think of it like as the shipping and receiving center of a cell. So it takes materials and it modifies them, alters them, packages them and then puts them in secretory vesicles so they can be sent out of the cell. So that's why I think of it kind of like a Amazon warehouse or something like that where it's taking material, it's putting tags on it so this material knows where it should go and then it's sending it out into the world. So that's that's the Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus. Paroxysomes. So they're going to they're going to help break down fats or other organic compounds. But the key thing here is not only can they do that, but they neutralize the toxic byproducts that happen during that.  When fat breaks down, it does produce toxic products. So the paroxysome can break down these materials but also neutralize any toxic products. Probably the reason that our cells don't don't wither and die in age way too quickly. So that's the paroxysome. Next, you have the lysosome. I personally think this one's more important. I always call this the digestive system of the cell. Think of it like a stomach. It's a bag basically with dozens of digestive enzymes in it and acid. So just like your stomach has acid and enzymes, the lysosome has the same thing. So this bag of acid with digestive enzymes, I think there's 40 to 50 of them, there's argument there, but lots and lots of different enzymes. So it can break down a whole host of things. It can break down like like food stuff, but it can it can break down bacteria that get in the cell. But one of its major functions is it breaks down damaged organelles. So one of the reasons that our cells can stay alive so long is when organelles have been damaged, they're broken down and replaced and the lysosome plays a major role there. So lysosome think digestive system of the cell. Next here we have microtubules. So just real quickly, microtubules and then a few over their microfilaments. Those both make up your cytoskeleton, the skeleton of the cell. The difference is a microfilament is a solid structure and microtubule would be hollow, but I think they help they help give the cell shape, but they also help with the movement of materials. So things can actually be carried along their surface. So think cell shape, cell structure, but also helping move material through a cell. But they're relatively minor. All right, that's the microtubule, the mitochondrion or mitochondria. This would be the power house of the cell. So think about like a coal burning power plant or something like that. This is where 95% of your cell's ATP, which stands for adenosine triphosphate, is going to be produced. So the reason it's 95% is as we'll cover in the sections on metabolism. Glycolysis doesn't happen inside the mitochondria. So those first couple ATP are produced outside of the mitochondria and the rest are produced inside of it. So mitochondria, I think power house of the cell, 95% of ATP is produced here. Give or take. All right, that's the mitochondria. Next we have the ribosome. So the ribosome, site of protein synthesis or the site of translation if you want to use the more technical term. Key thing here. So as I covered in the bacterial cell structure video, our ribosomes, most of them have a different shape than bacterial ribosomes. This is why so many of our antibiotics attack the 70s ribosomes of bacteria because our ribosomes are called 80s ribosomes or 80 Svedberg units. I don't care about that term. That's not 100% true though because our mitochondria, which you just talked about, they do have their own ribosomes and they are 70s ribosomes. So this is kind of an interesting fact. So ribosomes think protein synthesis or translation, but very important here. I want you to know that there are two types of ribosomes, free ribosomes and fixed ribosomes. So the little dots that are off on their own are called free ribosomes. The ribosomes that are on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, those would be fixed. So they're attached to something else. Here's the key difference. Free ribosomes think proteins are being produced that are going to be used in this cell by this cell. Fixed ribosomes are going to be proteins that are going to be sent out of the cell. So if the cell is making a protein that it needs, it would be using a free ribosome. If it's making, let's say this is a pancreas cell and it's making insulin, insulin, the protein will be made by a fixed ribosome and then modified and packaged by the rough ER and sent to the Golgi and then secrete it out into the body. So that's the two types of ribosomes, free versus fixed. I already mentioned microfilaments, just a couple more here. The centrosome is where your two centrioles are. So every centrosome has two centrioles sitting at a right angle to each other and these are necessary for cell division. They actually, they align and pull your chromosomes apart during mitosis. So if a cell doesn't have a centrosome or doesn't have centrioles, which is the term I use more often, the cell can't divide. Think about like most of your neurons, for example. So that's the centrosome and the two centrioles that are in it. Then we have the flagella. So our flagella is really just a contractile whip-like flagella versus the rotary motor system of a bacterial cell. So it's actually an area where their cells are more complex than ours. But flagella, think movement, and that's all of them. I know that's a lot. So I'd go through this video a couple times and like I mentioned, I will make more detailed videos on the on the organelles that need it. Okay, but that's a nice walk through of the parts of a eukaryotic cell like our human cells. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


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Welcome to the tradition of Ableton On Air, the one and only program that focuses on the needs, concerns, and achievements of definitely Ableton. I've always been your host Lauren Seiler. Arlene is not here today on this episode. This is the second part. So this is part two of the Imagination Station, Snoozland Room of Washington County Mental Health, or as part of the Washington County Mental Health. And last time we had Heather Slayton, director of the Imagination Station. But before we show the footage, and show the show of the Imagination Station of Washington County Mental Health, we can, or as part of Washington County Mental Health, we can, the Imagination Station is a specific kind of sensory room that is a snoozland room, coined in the 1970s as Dutch Therapist. The Dutch hybrid word pronounced snoozland directly translates as sniffing and dozing, but is in practice meaning something more like exploring and relaxing. The Imagination Station is the only snoozland room in Vermont and one of the handful in New England. The most important part of the snoozland experience is not the equipment, but the controlled children or adults have over it. Let's take a look at the snoozland room. Recently Ableton was there with its cameras. Let's take a look at the snoozland room and we'll have information on where to go for the snoozland room after this. Enjoy. See you in a minute. I saw a grid. There's no uh, strolls in here, are there? I'm sorry? No. Okay. I just wanted to make sure. No strolls. I'm just experimenting. Of course. Is the whole purpose of the room? Let's explore. Now I have a question. Yep. I will put the mic on you in a minute, but before we begin, um, I'm seeing you can see that, but it's very hard sometimes to get a screen. Yeah. What? No, it looks fine. It's a little, it looks great, but it's like, um, it, this part won't be watched out, but I'm just saying normally you're like PowerPoint. Now this is all going to be edited, so. Yeah. Yeah, I can't. I would get it, would you? Yeah. Okay. No yay, what happened? I hit the one that lights up. No way, man. Yeah. So explain, wait, let me get the mic on you first. Let me just start. Hi, Heather Slayton. Welcome to the Imagination Station. And your, and your title? Is facilitator of the Imagination Station's newslin room. Okay. So what exactly, now this is part two from last time, available on there, but what exactly are we seeing? So this machine is called the Megapod.  The beauty of this machine, if you're in here with people that have a hard time coming close together to play games and they're more used to like a parallel play kind of situation, you can get two kiddos in here to play one game, but they're far enough apart because of the size that they're never going to end up touching each other, which makes it a lot easier to play together. And I noticed on the screen, because it flashed in the beginning, Flaghouse was up top. Can you explain a little bit about the correlation between Flaghouse and the snoozlin room or that type of thing? So Flaghouse is the company that is licensed to install the snoozlin equipment. And snoozlin, right. So they are the company that installs all the licensed sensory equipment. And again, snoozlin is that made up Dutch word that means to snooze and doze, also to explore and relax is our translation. And so it's all about being able to control your environment. And so in this machine, you can choose what game. So if you go to the home screen, we've got multiple options. So the light screen, which is what we were on, light speed, a light will flash, it's kind of like a memory game. So you see the kind of, yeah, Simon says in memory. So you watch what flashed. So we had the red, the orange, and then the blue. And then you get the applause. So you go back to your home screen, trace the shape. You literally with one finger, trace your shape. And you get applause again. And down at the bottom of the screen, you've got different numbers. These are pages. So you go from one page to the next and you get more cookie cutters. And the next page gives you even more. And once you've completed every one, I'm not always great at touch screen. So sometimes I need a couple of shots at it. It's good practice too. It is. It's great screen person. It's good practice for lots of reasons. This room is for like autism and other challenges. But would you see this room also maybe for someone that, because computers now deal with visual impairments and you can like make things bigger and so on. Would you see this room as helping someone with visual impairment? Oh, sure. With all kinds of different motor skills and visual impairments and just needing to slow down and become calm enough to do this. And see, I can't even do the last one apparently. It's done. No? I don't know. I never heard the applause, but apparently I can't do that one. Yeah, this is a memory game. And again, you get your page numbers at the bottom. So it gives you more and more and I'm not even going to try that one because I know we'll be here all day. Scribbling, you've got your palette. These are all your color choices. Tetris. Pick one and color your heart's desires out. And your home page. You get prizes. Well, you get prizes for finishing.  Fireworks, you just touch the screen. Some people love it. Some people not so much. Because there's a noise, right? Yep. Shapes in space is a fun drag and drop. That's your sweep. Now, is there a way, if someone doesn't like the noise, can you turn this down? If you're better at touchscreen than I am, you can turn it down. No, I'm sorry for asking that. No, don't be sorry. You should never be sorry for asking a question. Very sensitive. And some people, the louder it is, the happier they are. So there is a volume control on here. I would love to show you how to use it, but I'm very bad at touchscreen. And so typically, I'm never successful in changing the volume. It's I am. I'm really, I really am. One of my phones still has a keyboard, like an actual button keyboard. So there is, though, there is a, let me see if I have one. So there is a volume. And I almost never can get the thing to move. I can't move it. Right. It's just, but there is a volume. It is adjustable. And if anybody in here is better at touchscreen than I am, then yes, you can change the volume. And it's a me thing, not a computer thing. It's probably just this light over here that's reflecting off of it. So if it bothers you at all, I can turn it off. No, it's fine. But it only moves. So this is not a complete stroke. No, it won't move unless I spin the ball physically. So. So what else have we seen? We scroll over to that other screen. It looks like blocks. These blocks over here? Yes. Yes. So this machine is meant to show you what you sound like. So you can literally see how you sound. So if you're able that on air, able and on air. Yeah, able. Yeah. Wow. So it's a really cool tool. If you're working with a kiddo who speaks very softly and it's hard to hear them and you want to be able to show them how they sound to you. You can say, this is all I can hear. But when you bring your voice up here, I can understand what you're telling me. Don't yell at me. Right. Oh, yeah. Yeah. And if all they do is yell, you can say, I understand you better when you're somewhere in the middle. And you can practice that. So it's a very cool tool. It's also just really cool for some kids to crank the stereo up and watch it dance to the beat. So many, many uses also just cool to look at. It looks like Tetris. It does. Yes. The little blocks. Yeah. Or the the old Donkey Kong Mario Brothers thing. Yeah. Yeah. It is very fun. And this is absolutely. Oh, I can get this. This is cool. Yeah. We love the wall projector. Look at this. Does it look awesome? Oh, awesome. It does. That camera is very nice. So the wall projector is super fun. The discs are pretty expensive and we have lost many in the five years we've been open. So these are some of the things that we're replacing. Thanks to that beautiful fundraiser. This reminds me of, I remember going up, master. Yes. Is this similar like a laser disc or some kind of print on a disc? Yeah. So it's a round disc and it's got these, it's kind of like an oil print almost. And they just slide around on that little projector in the corner and we have a couple left. We've got this, the tropical fish and we've got one with some transportation stuff on it. And I think one with tropical birds left. And they're super fun. And the projector is actually slightly adjustable so we can move the projector so that it will actually aim toward the floor. And it's kind of neat. You know, if you've got a couple of kiddos in here, you can play some cool games like, you know, catch the fish. Well, I mean, anybody, any age, but the little kids I've seen in here really like to go fishing. And so, you know, kids say, jump on the yellow fish and everybody it's kind of like twister, but with fish, you know, as it spins around jump on that one or it makes for a fun little game. It's also fun to just sit here and relax and watch it go. Yes. And this is, this is a swing. This is a swing. So if we come over to the other side, this is our OT swing. So we cannot hang a swing from the ceiling because of the way the building is made. And because of the distance from the floor above us and our drop ceiling in here, you can't just hang a swing. And so we had to get one that was on its own stand. So this is not attached to the floor. It is movable. So in theory, yes, it's not hooked to anything. So no, you could turn it to face the projector. You could bring it across. Yep. Here and hold the. Yes, please. Is it holding my weight? It I'm sure. Well, yes. Yep. It holds up to 350 pounds. I'm not that. Nope.  You could watch the projector. You could stare at the wall. That's your thing. And just sit there. And can you feel how it kind of snugs up around you and squeezes? Yeah, it's a little compression in there. I don't know if you could sleep in this thing. No, probably not. But well, maybe some people could, though. But it's nice. It's just meant to relax in, you know, it's not playground equipment. It's meant to be soothing and comfortable. So yeah. And we got actually the money for this from the John LeClaire Foundation. So we are very grateful. The John LeClaire Foundation does what? They are, well, John LeClaire was a local hockey player. And we were doing a fundraiser and they caught wind of it and sent us the money for this. So yeah. They're another batch of do-gooders like the Autism Puzzle. The exterior chair again. And what, because that didn't feel comfortable. Right. So, right. So the reason that that compression does feel good and makes sense for so many people with autism is because the way that their nerves work and the way that their brains are wired, so many, so the way that the way that their nerves, oh, let's see. Am I there? Okay. So the way that their nerves transmit messages, they are not always feeling all the parts of their body. Okay.  With my kiddos, they have this like never-ending feeling of just kind of floating and not always knowing where their parts are and needing constant pressure to remind them of where they are. And so things like speed, going super fast on a bike so they can feel the wind and the air pressure against their body tells them where they are. Like being in water and having pressure. This reminds me of a really small amusement park ride that when the bar comes down and it straps you in. Yes. Right. And it's not comfortable for many people who already know where they are. They just feel super constricted. This kind of a thing would give my kids that sense of, oh, I know where I am now. I can feel all my parts. So things like being in a pool and having that water pressure around you or having this wrapped around you gives them that okay, I know where everything is. I don't have to be anxious wondering. I'm not just flailing. I can be grounded now like having just that sense of placement. It makes them calm. So what's the difference between this and a regular swing? Really just the compression of this and not having to force yourself to move to get that air compression on them. Yeah, I know. It just feels strange. It does.  But it's also, you know, like if you come in here. I'm sorry, I didn't like this. I'm sorry. Don't be. You shouldn't be sorry for something you don't like.  You don't have to come in and use a swing. If I want to use that for like three hours. If you use that, that's what you use. If you don't turn on anything else, your cleanup is a lot easier because that's all you clean. If that's all you use, that's all you clean. It's perfect. So this is. So we have a couple of just tactile walls.  Sometimes things that they liked, you know, they're just certain textures that make people happy. And they will just sit here and rub and just play with this, the texture they like. Yeah. That one. No, it's just super rubby and bumpy and no, and the tiles are fun. And yeah, and this one's got like a microfiber to like a pleather and a different texture of pleather. Anything else with sounds in here? Yeah, lots of stuff. Over here, we've got what you used to see in the doctor's offices before they realized. We used to see these in pediatricians offices until they realized all the sick kids were playing with them. And then, you know, the next kid would come along and get that kid's germs. So they're not there anymore. And spinning things and that used to do more. Little magnet can drag up. You said things are broken. Well, not on this side. This one is pretty pretty unabused so far. Lots of slideys and all kinds of neat stuff. Coat hanger thing stuff. Lots of good playing things. Yeah. Now this would bother the spins. So I'm just gonna, you see? Yeah. You see why? Yeah. It would bother me if I looked directly at it. Right. Those test patterns. Yes. So you wouldn't use it. That would be your choice. Yeah. Not this one. But it would lose everything else. Yeah. Yeah. And that's the beauty of it. You choose what you use. Yeah. Make your experience. Yeah. And then over here, we've got the snow machine. Are you gonna make it faster? Yep. And the next one, we'll turn it off. You can change the color. Oh, yeah. That's what I was doing. Okay. So here's the beautiful thing about this room. When I say you can control your environment in here, you can change all the colors in the room. So these blocks over here in the middle control the colors, these huge blocks. Yep. These change the color scheme of the entire room. Did you see, look, look at the colors in here. See? Now it's dark, but look at the monitor. Look at the monitor. Yes. It's awesome. Awesome. So when you push on this block, all the lights in the room turn blue. So the blocks, the lights on the wall, the fiber optics, and even the snow window, all blue. I make a suggestion. So even on that snow window, there are only three different buttons to change the colors, but you can actually change the color of that window to anything on these blocks. So it's very cool. I'm going to look into that. Celebration, happy birthday, cake-ish. Yeah. I'm going to look into that. So this is the color block, and this is the only thing that does not change colors according to the room. And that is because it's a color match game. And so the idea is it's like a memory game. So whatever color you get on the screen, you hit the button that matches. So we've got green here. Cartoon sounds. Yeah.  Just makes fun noises and who doesn't smile? Because green, that green skin you had. Yes. Yeah, green doesn't come out, it goes here. No, it comes off a little white, doesn't it?  Thank you, thank you, thank you.  Thank you, thank you. Look at my house. I know. And it's not like you can like lose. There's no rhyme or reason. It never tells you you're wrong. It's just like, yeah, this is awesome. Great job. See, there's no bad noise. Like green turns white. Yeah. Yeah. It's just, it comes out. No, it's fine. It's just, it comes out like it's green. Yeah, it's very pale-ish. Pretty cool. Pretty snazzy little rigs. They're nice and cold. So they're fun for a lot of people to get up here and just kind of curl up around. They have a nice vibration to them because of the compressor. You can hear the bubbles popping. You can feel that compressor going and listen to it. We've got, there's supposed to be fish in one, bubbles in one and nothing in one. But somebody moved fish into this one and somebody added a frog to that one. So pretty much whatever goes. So it's water. It is water and our lovely maintenance crew comes in every six months and they shut off the compressor and they pump out all the water and they sanitize everything inside out, all the toys, everything. And then they put in 26 gallons of fresh distilled water. That's fun. And we're just about due for that. A couple of weeks. Yeah, you can see it. You can tell. Yeah, we're getting there. A couple of weeks, it'll happen. And our caps are vented so that we don't end up with too much pressure and huge explosions. Now the room is, the question, the room is, because of COVID-19, the room is sanitized every time somebody uses it. Right. And so that's why we were able to stay open. Every time somebody comes in here, it's their own turn. So you book the room for an hour.  And so you come in, you get your stuff turned on, you use it.  And so whatever you used, you need to sanitize on the way out. So we have wipes for that and you just wash your way out of the room for that.  But if you only use one thing.   That's what you're cleaning. So, and it's okay to get up here.  It's okay if, you know, we have some folks like to get right up here up close and personal. It's okay. They move around. I could easily fall asleep next to one of these. It's okay to move them around if you, that's what you need to do. I mean, I wouldn't try to knock one over, but they don't easily fall because they are a foot and a half deep inside of these, the base and they're connected to a compressor. They do often. No, there are types of different types of autism. This is supposed to be a calming calming point, you know, do things like this and soon as they calm people down you believe or I think it depends on the person. Some people come in and get very excited to see this stuff.  It all depends on who you are and what you need. New chair that we were able to purchase after our fundraiser. We had one in here when we first, it is, we had one in here when we first opened and it lasted about three years, which I guess was pretty good because we're very busy and we have a lot of folks that are not always real careful. Of course you can have a seat. We often have folks that are a little rough on stuff and that is exactly what we expect. So the original chair took quite a big hit. Hydraulics did not last. Have a seat. Yep. Tuck back a little. Get your legs all snuggyed in there. Is that cozy? Yeah. Okay. Now I have no idea. I haven't even been in here yet since we got it. Phil put it together for me. Wasn't that nice of him? Yeah, who's Phil? Phil Wells is actually the director for this building. Okay, it's going to turn on. I'd love to be able to walk you through step by step but I haven't used it yet so I can't do it well. Oh my gosh. If it does anything uncomfortable let me know. No, it's fine because being the fact that I'm, is it recording? It appears to be. Okay. Being the fact that I do deal with spasms and CP sort of a palsy, this helps. Yeah. So yeah, what else does it do? It says rollers, airbags, foot, relax. Is it doing anything? Yeah, it's like massaging my feet. Already? I haven't even done anything. The rolling thing. Is it on auto? I guess. I'm trying to use the wall light. Roller back arm. Now see, I don't understand. I went into the outer chair. Yes. And it was a good thing. This isn't constricting. Well this is meant to be relaxing in a very different way. Is it comfortable the way it's working now? Yes it is. Okay then I'm just going to leave it alone so I don't mess that up.  I'm sorry, this is meant to be. Don't be. Enjoy it. That's why we have it. So this was the replacement chair we were able to buy because the other one sadly met its demise. So the reason I have it over here is because you can now enjoy this super heavy if you choose to. Fiber optic light. Drape it right over you. If you're into pressure and lights, you can do that. We also have weighted blankets. Weighted blanket. What's the point of a weighted blanket? More compression, if you like it. Where was this chair during my OT and PT? I know, right? Probably at the airport. I see these at the malls and the airports and I'm like oh. And you have to pay for them. Yeah. I think my wife and I are going to come every week. I know. When I was looking for options to be able to replace this, I thought man, I should really probably replace my recliners in the living room. I'd probably never get a turn. These are obviously, you know, it's for a purpose. But these are more, the more things it has on it, the more expensive it becomes. Yeah. The cheap ones run around $900. But Amazon has some pretty nice deals on them sometimes. So does this chair do anything else? I haven't looked at it. I hear it has heat and vibration. It's also got Bluetooth. So it's got speakers. You can play stuff right through your phone to it. It's becoming interesting now. All right. Let me shut it right off. Yes. Before you fall asleep. No, it's squeezing me. It's squeezing too hard. Okay. Thank you. You're welcome. Okay. It'll give it a second and it'll write itself first. It does it very slowly so it doesn't flip your blood pressure upside down. Is it heading back up yet? No. There we go. No, I don't mind it. It goes slow so it doesn't do like the flip and drop your blood pressure. But we can also force it. You can just drop that. Heads right to the floor. All right. You grab this and I'll get the hat or you can get the hat. Okay. So this is our Blacklight Corner. It is. Yep. That's where you go to relax when you're too relaxed from this place and you have to go relax from your relaxing. That's the other relaxing spot. Vacation from a vacation. Yes. Yes. Because you all know. So this is our Blacklight Corner. Everything over here is Blacklight Reactive. So it's always a good idea to come over here and like white because white looks awesome under this. We have our little xylophone. These used to sound much cooler. All the colors are bright. They are. They used to sound better. But they all. They all broke off and so Phil has repaired it as well as we can. It's similar. Do you have light bright? I used to have a light bright. In here. No. We try to keep anything small enough to choke on out of this room. No, but get larger pegs. Yeah. They'd have to be pretty big. Huge. Yeah. I don't know. We'd have to look. This one is fun. It's super loud. Look how cool that green looks when it's up under the light. This used to have a bunch of really cool acrylic just big like rods on it that you could spin and those have all been broken off and walked away with. These rugs are all movable and all colored so they're reactive to the light. Super fun.   So this is mostly just a really pretty, pretty tactile wall. Sorry. I'll stop. That's right. I'll stop doing that. We have neon colored scarves that are really fun to kind of weave in and out of here, but they're hard to clean. So they're put away for now. Hard to clean in between every visit. So can't really do that in between every single person.  Some dark cave somewhere. Is this going to bother you? No, I will just. It's very subtle. I'll cut straight on your voice so I'm okay. Okay. So in here we have a crash pad that is just kind of like a square bean bag and then we have this pad here and I'll turn the light on for a minute just so you can see what's in here. So a couple weighted blankets and the crash pad. The crash pad, the big one is connected to the stereo, which takes a minute to warm up. And then we've got our star projector.  Ball pit. Yes. So the ball pit was another fundraising goodie that Jack Touche, when he was a student at Berry City, he's now a Spaulding kiddo, he did a fundraiser for us and raised enough money to buy the ball pit. And he raised enough for the ball pit and it was a big hit. We actually sent out a survey. We did for the swing as well to ask people who were using the room, what would you like to see? And, you know, do we need to add something or would you like us to replace something that's broken? The first time they said the swing, the second time they said a ball pit would be great. So we got a ball pit. And then when COVID hit, the only thing we couldn't clean was the ball pit because there are like 5,000 balls in there. And you just, it was hard enough to keep it clean on a regular basis anyway, because we'd have to sift through and make sure people weren't losing things out of their pockets. But there was no way to wash that many balls. So yeah. And so we just put it away.  So it was like a bad birthday party break. So now I'll turn the light back off and we can see what it sounds like with the music. So when you play these CDs. Oh, it's like green. It's like washed green. It's fine. Yeah. Okay. It's green and blue. It's meant to look like a solar system. And when you play this music and it's connected to this big beanbag down here, every time that bass hits, this beanbag vibrates. So you can lay here and have a like a vibrating massage on your back while you watch the stars above you. Super relaxing. So this is where you come to relax from all your other relaxing. It's also kind of a nice calming place to plant somebody while you clean the rest of the room on your way out. So if you're in your room, how many people, only one person at a time? Well, one booking at a time. So if, you know, most people that use the room come here with some sort of support system. So a family member, a case manager, some type of staff person, somebody here to help them use the room. So that you know that your voice is slightly with the flashing light. Sorry? No, it's fine. So yeah, somebody, most of the people who use the room will be here with some type of support person. And so there will be at least two people usually. And then however many people you need to bring to make this experience work for you. And so if you want to come here and use the room alone with your support person, if you need one, then you just come here and do what you want that way. If you have somebody who really gets better use, if they have a companion to come play with them or help them relax or if somebody wants to have their therapist or somebody come or their PT or their OT come with them, that's fine too. If you've got like a kiddo that wants to come and have somebody come play with them and they want to bring like a couple of cousins or their siblings come with them and help them play with things, that's fine too. But just know that it's only you and your party in here at one time for that hour. So there won't ever be people you don't know here. It's just you and the people you choose. Now, do you have a video? It's not supposed to look like this. Oh, count. Yeah. What do you mean it's not supposed to look like, oh it's supposed to... None of... What do you mean it's not supposed to look like? It should just be a big picture of a cow. None of these things are supposed to be here. Somebody changed the settings and it's going to take me off. I'm sorry. You're supposed to be able to just relax and look at a picture of a cow. Giant. This whole screen should just be that picture of the cows. So anything that you like, if it's a village church. Yes, you would just see that, not the computer screen that I'm working with. Now I have a question. Okay. Can... Unless you eat things there. Okay. Yes. If someone wants something different. Yes. You do not have... How can that state be in there? Or like a street market, a birthday celebration, things in life that we... So the first thing I would say is it could take you hours to go through this whole thing to find out what we don't have. Well, you can't just download something and put it there? I could call Flag House to find that out. If I had a specific list of requests, I could call and say, how would I find this? That would be the easiest way. Wrong question? So no, it's a great question because the easiest way to find an answer would be to have a specific request. And I could call them and say, how would I find this? Because that would be a fast way. Now I see Canada, China, Chinese numbers. Yep. There's some French stuff and some Spanish stuff too. So we have three categories to look through. Any people with numbers and letters? I don't know because it would be... I don't think I've even seen every category in here and I've been here five years. This room has been here five years and I've been in here playing that long. So Norse, Dutch stuff, France, USA, Conservatory... No, no. Okay. But that doesn't mean it can't be. Or Sesame Street. So yeah, there's a lot of stuff in a lot of different places. We have the Bears in the Playground. Oh, that's cool. Cebel. Monster card. That's all computer generated. Yeah. And you'll notice the lights all around the room change color according to the theme of what's on the computer. Happy Sun. Small world. No, that's cool. No, I can't look at the... Sorry. The spinning, yeah. Happy Sun kind of does it too. That's fine. That's fine. And then we've got Just for Fun. This one's pretty neat. Oh, yeah. The goldfish. No, no, do that again. I like that one. Cool dog. That's cool. Isn't he cute? That's a real dog? Yeah. Oh, it's just loopy. Like a loopy video. Yeah. That's cool. Is he park? No. It's just loopy. Pigeon pigeon. New York pigeon. What's Newton's cradle? Oh, that's interesting. This can be very grounding for folks. Very what? Very grounding and calming. Just that constant like metronome time. What do they call that? Newton or Newton's cradle? Yep. That's it. That's the milk. This one's kind of cool. Where's the milk? And I can see it's a boy. Oh, man, chocolate. And just the spears. No, oh no. The straw. There was a chocolate milk. That does sound good right now. Okay, and we are... Washington County Mental Health and the Imagination Station for its tour of the snoozing room. Boy, I wish I had a a reclining massage chair in our house. Anyway, for more information on just news learning experience, if you would like... If you would like more information, you can contact www.cmhs.org. That website once again is www.wcmhs.org. This puts an end to this edition of Abledon, on this edition of Abledon On Air. I'm Lauren Seiler. Thank you to Washington County Mental Health and the Imagination Station and all the rest of our sponsors for letting us go to wonderful field report of Abledon On Air. Thank you so much to Washington County Mental Health Services. I'm Lauren Seiler. See you next time. Abledon On Air is sponsored by Green Mountain Support Services, empowering people with disabilities to be home in the community. Washington County Mental Health, where hope and support comes together. Media sponsors for Abledon On Air include Park Chester Times, Muslim Community Report, www.thisisthebroncs.info, Associated Press Media Editors, New York Parrot Online Newspaper, U.S. Press Corps Domestic and International, Anchor FM and Spotify. Partners with Abledon On Air include Yechad New York and New England, where everyone belongs, the Orthodox Union and the Vermont Division for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Abledon On Air has been seen in the following publications, Park Chester Times, New York Parrot Online Newspaper, Muslim Community Report, www.thisisthebroncs.info and www.h.com. Abledon On Air is a member of the National Academy for Television Arts and Sciences Boston, New England Chapter.


So when we remove this groundwater, it's actually quite saline and now it's sitting at surface So how do we deal with saline water at the surface? It's a few different ways we can go about that One we can treat the water try to remove the salt through a process known as reverse osmosis and Re-inject it back down into these aquifers It's quite a lot of work going into this one of the things that we need to be very mindful of when we do re-injection Is that we're taking water that has now been exposed to a relatively oxygen-rich environment? So our atmosphere and we now want to return that into aquifers Potentially kilometers down below the ground surface where everything is relatively oxygen-poor So you start introducing oxygen into an area that doesn't have a lot of oxygen and you can start inducing a lot of chemical reactions that have the potential to precipitate minerals and Can then start blocking up some of those poor spaces that allow the groundwater to move through those aquifers one of the other things we can do with this water is treat it at surface and Give it to the towns and to the landholders on the surface for them to use Instead of then extracting groundwater out from those systems But at the end of either of those processes so treating it for re-injection or treating it for other Receptors at the surface. You're still left with a say a hyper saline sludge or slurry at the end of it so being able to manage That component as well to make sure that that salt Doesn't then go into the environment impact on soils impact on fresher groundwater impact on the streams and the environment and that kind of thing and one of the Ways to deal with that is you know basically bearing it as we do in landfills So with a nice kind of what they call cap and clay clay and cap Other people can refine this slurry further and actually precipitate salt out from it And then sell that as a commercial product so that we can use salt On our tables come dinner time We've now Had a look at potential implications. We've had a look at how we gather data But how do we continue Monitoring the impact of extraction over time because the extraction is not something That happens within a year or so the the extent of these economic deposits mean that this industry could be operating over decades


I've been actually very impressed at the number of elected officials that have been participating in this process, both at the state level and at the federal level. And that's actually very gratifying. It means that maybe these issues have some import. So this next session is a 30-minute session, and I thought it might be useful since we've had law librarians and we've had Timor Ali, you know, the geek-in-chief, and we've had law professors. I thought we might have some folks that have, you know, been working in the law. Alexander is at Twitter as their general counsel. Formerly he was at Google, and among his other accomplishments, he wrote the Google book settlement documents, or was one of the lawyers involved in that. And whether you agree with that or not, as Larry Bestick said, it's an amazing piece of lawyer, really well done. And then Professor Barry, as I said before, is a past president of the American Association of Law Libraries. One of the noted experts on legal research and how to do at East Top Generations of Students at Bull Hall. And I asked him to speak today about lawyers and access to the law. What is it the lawyers want? Are there impediments? What do they think of these general concepts? And so I will turn it over to you folks, and you can decide who goes first. Yeah, I'll go first because I'm going to be short. I think that the, so how many of you are in-house legal practitioners? I think I might be the only one, lawyers who are in-house. Yeah, I think I'm the only one. So, and I think that's part of what Carl wanted me to talk, which is just, I think we talk a lot about the cost as being prohibited for something like Westlaw or Alexis for nonprofits. Certainly people know a lot about that. We talk about it in the government space. It's often prohibited. Of course, the academic space, you all have got great deals, so you don't have to worry about that. Yeah, that's expensive. No one has any concern for people at law firms, so we sort of leave them out of it. But one of the realities of in-house, particularly small in-house practice, and you look at a lot of the companies that are in the legal headlines today other than some of the bigger ones like Facebook, but you look at like a script or any of the little user-generated content sites that actually a lot of their businesses, the law is quite important to them, a lot of influences in a big way. And those legal departments are likely either zero people or one person, and the budgets are very, very small. So, to give you an example, when I started Twitter, I was the only lawyer there, and we were looking at subscribing to Westlaw. The first quotation we got from them was $5,000 a month. We said, come on, please, please, please.  We did get it down and we did try to get the like, come on, you don't want to say Twitter's using you type of discount. It works sometimes. Yeah, I keep telling people that when they ask about Twitter, we've engaged with a bunch of nonprofits that sort of our first job with respect to nonprofits is making it so that we are not one, because currently we are and we would like to not be. But the choice at the end of the day for me, it was not cost effective to have access to CASEL, which is kind of crazy when you think about an attorney at a company that's not dirt poor but there just was no way for me to justify it to the other expenses that I had a subscription to one of those services. And the biggest thing that I would be using it for, because obviously if you're in house, you do rely a lot on outside counsel for a lot of stuff, but you look at keeping up to date on cases in your area of either expertise or your forced knowledge is very, very hard to do on a small budget. Understanding some of the essays and scholarship on it is actually easier, because so much of that is now published in terms of blogs or even on Twitter, but actually getting access to the underlying primary materials remains difficult, especially some of the state or other types of materials, and getting access to them in a timely way, in a way that you can rely on the content, in a way that you can discuss with your attorney, your outside attorney in terms of the particular paragraph or whatever that you want to talk about in terms of the case. All of that stuff is hard, so it's one of the many reasons why I've been very happy to see, you know, Carl leading the charge here. One of the things I want to talk about from the Twitter perspective is the focus on the timeliness of some of this information and the incredible opportunity for even a short amount, a short lag of time to be destructive in terms of the value of the information. And the easiest example that came to mind, to my mind at least, was a case that would have an impact on the stock value of a company. And of course those cases, there is a tremendous premium on getting those cases quickly and understanding them, and even a three or four hour liable would be a very big deal there. So the more we can do to actually get the case law into the hands of people who can dissect it, analyze it, parse it, spread it, the better. And that's certainly something that we've clearly learned in terms of the value of really, really timely information, even if it's short. The last thing I would say is that even if it's short category, is that certainly Twitter isn't in the legal case business. You couldn't fit most legal decisions in between. It's a dangerous, dangerous thing, but I have been talking to some folks about the way in which both governments and lawyers and courts have been using Twitter to spread information about their cases. If you think about this from a code perspective, you could even imagine that a statute would actually have a Twitter account so that it could tweet out when an interesting revision happened. And again, this is not that different from an RSS feed except for the benefit of being able to be quickly retweeted and asked the people that are, for which the update will be important. And with that, I'll leave the questions. In a way, I feel as if I'm a visitor from another time. When we started teaching advanced legal research, it was 1982. And one of the things that concerned me was that people were not interested in the legitimacy of the information that they used and that they didn't have a global understanding of how it was assembled and what a judicial opinion really was, or a statute was, or a code compilation, or a Ministry of Rural Regulation. Obviously, the world has entirely changed, but I think one of the things to directly answer the question that it was posed. The law students that I see, and we teach advanced legal research in Berkeley, Michael Levy who's here, and Kathleen Van and Hale and I do, and this year between the two semesters, we have about 160 students. So we're seeing half of the Berkeley law students as they go through. And what they look for right now is they want something they can rely on, something that they can trust. And back in the ancient days when I started out, that was not a question. A question of legitimacy of information was not something that anyone posed. You did not ask if the book of reports was legit or durable or the code that you were using or the administrative report that you were reading, the loosely service. The idea that it wasn't legitimate, authenticated, durable, didn't occur. They were actually legitimate questions, and I challenged some publishers at the time. By the way, I should say, I don't have to stumble across this, I'm not working for any publisher. I've worked for them all at some point, but no more. So I think that unthinking legitimacy, and that's something I've tried to play with in my work and in my teaching and in my thinking, what is it that creates that feeling of trust that you can use a product and that you believe that it is giving you a definitive answer, that it's really holding the bag. In the end, if something goes wrong, that you did the right stuff to take yourself to that source and employ that source. Dan Dabney calls it research psychosis. He says that what Alexis and Westlaw have done to a lot of law students is they've made them psychotic when it comes to research because there isn't a single place to go and look for something. Now there's two. When I said that out, you could shepherd eyes and you were safe. If a shepherd's was wrong, you used shepherds. It was like an amulet to a vampire. I used shepherds. What else could you do? Well, not as to the key side. But it's spreading further and further out. So I think that the reality base, it used to be these sets of books in the library. For the typical student now is Alexis and Westlaw because they've got the boots on the ground and they do the first year research training in most law schools. I pose a question. I use the same template every semester for probably 10 years or more and more recent years where I give the students a recent judicial decision and I say go look this up and read it on Alexis. Go read it on Westlaw and then find me three free websites where you found the case and what's different about it. Write a book with you. Why would you trust one? Why would you not trust one? And so I discredit a whole bunch of these and I got to see the back. I can drive people to use LII. People use fine law. People use justicia. People use, I mean, you name it. But they all, although some of them like the other products, they carry with them this feeling of paranoia that some of the leaks don't work. I mean, I read on the papers these folks are doing their best.  They don't have the 801 number to call. They don't have the feet on the ground. I actually, it's funny, two thoughts occurred to me today. One of them is that there's another side to this entire issue. That is, those of us who teach legal research I think are all aware of Bloomberg. Bloomberg is definitely wants to be a player now. And given that Michael Bloomberg apparently is the Prince of New York City now, he gets to roll as long as he wants and he has all the money in the world and they're actually starting to put boots on the ground and they wanted to come into our LR class and they gave out free numbers. So, in fact, there might be more competition at the high end on this reality base. And I know we're talking about law students and I know we're talking about expensive services that maybe they could cut you a deal and give you three thousand instead of five thousand. But there's high end competition here too. The other question that occurred to me on this legitimacy factor though is I often try to pose questions to myself as my, when my sons were like eight or ten years old because they would have posed to me. Because at heart what Carl is working on is a ten-year-old's question. That is, the government has law and we're all supposed to obey the law so the government should make the law available to us. I mean really, it's a ten-year-old's proposition. It's so simple that it's kind of stunning when you think about it in that sense. Why don't they do it? And I think, I really love the article that you gave me that was mentioned this morning about the early reports, the decisions and the reporting. The government, in my view, I'm very cynical about this, has never sued responsibility for the production of information about the law. It didn't do it early on. The lower federal courts have never done it. Some states took it up. They left it up. That's in a way created a platform, as Tim would have said, by Wheaton versus Peters and saying that there's no copyright but they invited it into the private sector and the private sector just did a better job and made this stuff available and pervasive and beat each other out of the market. I came out through the world when Ben Proff Whitney was the official reporter in California. You know, it got gobbled up and eaten up by the competition within the market. And as the government tries to provide information available, it just reaches this incredible nest of problems. Coming up with, we're solved in paper, universal citation system that everybody understood when you could use it in every place. A template for the way a judicial opinion appeared. Standardization of codes and even administrative rules and regulations. Even these municipal codes, which we work through at ALR, and you see them, you know, and as Eric said, a lot of them have the same templates so that they become much easier to use. I think that that's coming from the outside and I just don't see the energy or the will within the government and given the changing waves of politics how this is going to happen. And you also have the problem with judges. I've spoke, you know, I assume you're lobbying the judicial council and various state judiciaries but judges are godlike figures and they take their roles very seriously and they don't like to do what they're told. And so each district court is going to have its own view and the state courts have their own view and they can live in the universe and they're mostly in my generation's, you know. Sad to say. And so they tend to have come from a world where they understand the information system and so why should they switch? I've spoken to the national courts, state courts of court, and court reporters, state court reporters. Incredibly conservative. I mean they were hostile to me because they thought that I was one of these people who wanted to take away their ability to do everything just the way they wanted to and put some template, this is over, in the Great Citation Battles. I think it has to change. I very much agree with Secretary St Bowman. Eventually time and energy will catch up here but right now at the law students is someone who's holding the bag and when I had them look at LiI or if they use fine law or anything like that they didn't feel that that was a place where they could plunk down their nipple and say, I bet my career on this or I totally rely on this and is it maybe that they should look past some of the blitz and ease of use? Maybe. But it is their perception and I've seen Westlaw next. What's that called again? I haven't seen Alexis but as everybody probably has here I mean it looks a lot like Google. I mean everybody is moving towards that because they want to be familiar and they want it to be a familiar reliable cognitive authority and base. So I remain worried. I'd cheer you on. Truly I'm not putting sarcastic. I think Carl is fighting a fight for the just here. I mean I look at a place like Australia where Graham Green leaf one of my heroes. You know, Australia really did fix this and the Canadians have done a great job fixing this and I wonder is it just because of the size of the jurisdiction that somebody got everybody organized? Is it because of the different structure of the court systems? Different historical traditions but in the United States there's been so much investment in an ownership of the way you do things and the way that your information is sometimes courted or guarded or reported or just comfortably produced. Again, Secretary of State Cohen's examples of people just afraid of what might happen and they want to stay with what they know and are accustomed to using and they don't want to change. So they answer the question what do law students want and I think most read Google research is done by the younger lawyers. If you're solo practice or if you're a solo in-house counsel then it's going to be a different world but a lot of the people we teach even if they go to state agencies or non-governmental organizations research is very heavy in the early years and the people that are passing through the halls are people who do want to use systems that are easy seamless but that in their heart they feel they can lean on and that in the end the reality base might be they check both Lexis and Westlaw but I think that they have not and I don't understand the magic formula that creates a cognitive authority would make everybody in this room believe if I went to SCOTUS I would have a case on fire and the last thing I'll say is I was at one of my aha moments was last summer I spoke at the Bob Oakley Memorial symposium in DC on authentication of information and Tom Goldstein showed up who I'd be reading about from SCOTUS all my students and their assignments at SCOTUS and one of the themes of the program was authentication of the information so the person who has your view how do you go about authenticating your information and he said oh we don't have that again that's up I think a lot of agronomers might be doing that I'm not sure but that's not what we do we get information out there fast and we get up to some little totally and that's for all of the great reputation that it has and the great information we provide which is not in that business because it's a change of generations or you're going to have to sell a lot of state legislatures or you're going to have to take out ads in the Super Bowl but you got to make people believe that some new tool that's gathered together is something that they can rely on in fact they're for questions or comments? I'll open that I think that there's a lot of free information right now on the internet which might not be case law which is certainly worthwhile the SEC documents which came out but there's a lot of good contract language in there I know that we're a fine law that we used to use the SEC contracts to negotiate our own deals and now one CLA the other society that can trade in our office runs lots of contracts all broken down there's a lease agreement part of Roshai is in the gross data store and I'll just be a fine law founder used that for doing sort of university licensing found actual deal terms written by really top lawyers in case law but certainly down so I think that if you look at the internet from a lawyer's practitioner level there's a lot of things you still can find out there so you're always going to sort of use it the case law part in the codes I think the codes can sort of be solved by states or the federal government at some point it's not as big a deal but it certainly needs to be done in the United States in multiple years for some states it's not all the states but on the case law part it would be nice to at least see the federal the state supreme courts put up the final official version at a minimum and I think they could do that through the licensing agreements that they're making with these other folks they didn't have to go through some user license and I think if they did that and again there's a lot of money to spend on litigation you got to hit first you have to get into conflict then you got to hire lawyers and then you finally get up to an account lots of fees lots and lots of work the actual amount of work I think it takes to per free sort of do the spell checking the grammar checking help and then do the cross sentences and so some of the checking for quotes and things like that it's really minimal compared to all the amount of the expense that litigation is taking place so the question is how can the courts do that and I think the courts basically controlling what isn't the official opinion can say to whoever they want to be sort of the official publisher you're going to give us back an official copy of that opinion they, without the page numbers mean without the parable citations that that seems to be a big issue but at least get the official text of the opinion and put it up on the website and then let folks like us or people of public resource that work download the blog's car files take and do the markup and I think other things like citations that can resolve at least get the official text and that's something which I've not seen I'm not sure what your thoughts are on that but that seems to be a big thing in the case well I think actually I'd take it further I mean it's a 10 year old problem again we have Ed Jessen come and talk to her against the research class and he's the California reporters decision and he talks about how others do different versions and you know we have the kind of Alexis but I think they might scrape off the first one and then there might be a second one you know we're not sure exactly and if you compare it might not be exactly the same now some of these are tiny differences that don't really matter very much but the courts have the whip hand here I mean if you could mobilize somehow the judiciary that they could require citation by a paragraph they could change the entire universe they could demand whatever they want the thing is to get them motivated that's what I see as the basic problem it's very hard to get courts and court structure do you think these companies do that do you think that if they were motivated that the government would be confident that there would be additional things or do you feel like this really needs to be something done by private commercial budget well I mean to this point you've only been able to test commercial budgets I'm just cynical about the ability of government to operate very well again I was really hard on my secretary of state who I'd be happy to vote for to govern I mean given the track record the federal government on this and the various state governments as they come about I just don't see them as reliable partners the other thing you were talking about I mean if you've got the same copy of the same opinion people have this view that Lexis Westlaw are more authoritative so you have, so one of the things that you probably also need is a way for the the various websites that are hosting the opinion to mark that their product is the same as the Westlaw Lexis product yeah I mean it's the same problem that I'm sure Crystal talked about in terms of privacy if you can find it bad to say this is just as good as that other thing or it's the same ingredients as in Pepsi or whatever it is right yeah part of your problem there is that paranoia and you can see that paranoia when you talked about the municipal code or the websites that say well this is an electronic representation of the information but don't take it to the bank it really counts we're not holding the bag on this one it's not a paper version it's just this general paranoia and fear of the bag I always feel hurt when I can tell that someone has cut and pasted out of Westlaw onto the web because I know that at least they got it from that other thing that people pay for I actually was on a mission about this about 15 years ago about getting authentic information from the American law institute and I went to the American law institute and said you know I try to think what's the most prestigious blue ribbon non-partisan organization you get to authenticate stuff sign up a way to authenticate information and of course I'm sure it's different now because I stopped going to meetings but the board for all sub-degenerates and octetarians they all said well that's a wonderful idea I think they're still having that same idea so I couldn't find it so I wanted to say yes this is a version that should be relighted by my brother so let me make two points one that I think is very important is that there's always going to be room for a company that's got boots on the ground it's got hundreds of lawyers scrubbing the cases and adding value and that's why I say this really is an opportunity for the established vendors for authentication I think that's one of those areas where technology has begun to move along and when you look at the current system and say why is it so broken it's so broken because that's just the way the world has been and we now have some opportunities in front of us if you look at the Federal Register for example a lot of people have assisted the Office of the Federal Register in their new XML release and they did two things they made bulk data available for free it used to be $17,000 a year but most importantly they are digitally signing a PDF version of the Federal Register now that doesn't mean that you have a digital signature on the XML and if someone uses those words out of the XML and puts them someplace else maybe it's right, maybe it isn't you might trust West or Lexus much more but if you really care you can go back to the government pull up that PDF and it's been digitally signed and you can verify that that document is the same and what that's done is produce opportunities for small vendors and nonprofits to work with this material and do things but maybe not but at the very least the public interest applications and the nonprofit applications and the legal research applications are possible whereas at $17,000 a year for the Federal Register they weren't possible it was out of our price range so thank you very much we're going to move on to our next panel now