Okay, I think, I think that's the signal Linda. Good afternoon. I'm Linda spink and Amherst Stabers board member. And I'd like to welcome you to the day session on the future of housing and Amherst. It's wonderful to have so many of us here today for this very timely and important topic. And I'm excited about a very lively discussion that I'm sure will ensue after our comments from our speakers. Some of you I know are members of Amherst neighbors, but for those who aren't I'd like to share a bit about us. Amherst neighbors is a member led, no fee nonprofit organization that helps to build neighbor to neighbor connections and offers volunteer services and programs to adult older adults who wish to live their lives independent and socially engaged within their communities. And in Amherst or Pellum is welcome to join as a member as a volunteer, or both. We've found that sometimes a helping hand is all someone needs to live independently. So members who are 55 and older can request services that make life a bit easier, such as rides to appointments curbside pickups for groceries, friendly visits in house chores. And some like gardening are examples of how we can provide that little assistance to make life a bit easier. We also provide programs, much like this one that entertain and educate and connect members to members. That's through like say our monthly coffee chats and gatherings are annual picnics and social gatherings. We have a first Thursday speaker series. Today is the third of that such series. We have a bunch of groups for people who are wanting to hike and buy or see movies and talk about them. And we have much more. To date, most of our virtual events have been virtual, but we'll be developing more in person events as we can. As we know that all of us could use good referrals for reliable contractors and so we provide to our members access to a list of member recommended service providers for such tasks as landscaping help or yard work or snow shoveling, or even professional services such as legal assistance and health care providers, something that allows you to make informed choices about people you might need to help you outside of the general assistance that we provide. We have a list served now where members can share information and resources directly with each other. Again, ways to communicate stay connected and build those connections over time through helping each other. I invite you to check out our website for a listing of upcoming events and consider becoming a member of Amherst neighbors and be part of your community in this way. In the chat, you'll find a document that provides more details and has a link to our website. So please check that out when you now or after the session. Speaking of the chat. If you'd like to receive handouts and resources from today's sessions. Please put your name or type your name into the end email into the chat itself.  I can assure you that the information you put into that will not be shared with others so feel free to put your name and email in the chat. We're especially excited today to be presenting today's session with our co sponsors, the town of Amherst, the League of Women Voters of Amherst, the Amherst Municipal Affordable Housing Trust, and the Amherst Affordable Housing Advocacy Coalition. I'd like to thank all of them for helping to make this session possible and for their vital work in our communities. It's now my pleasure to introduce Linda Slakey, our moderator for this event today. She'll be introducing our speakers guiding us through the session and taking questions as appropriate giving us information on how you might interact with your questions. We're turning the program over to Linda, however, I'd like to share a little information about her. Currently, she's the chair of the Amherst Community Land Trust, which assists slow and moderate income households and purchasing homes in Amherst. Over her career at UMass, she was chair in the Department of Biochemistry, Dean of the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, and Dean of the Commonwealth Honors College. She's an insulting practice, working with universities on projects that support faculty in adopting teaching practices that reflect on what we know about how people learn. We're very fortunate to have her with us today. And I'd like to thank her for moderating this session, and I'd like to thank all of the panelists that you'll be meeting a little bit later. Linda, I open it to you and everybody, welcome to a fabulous session. I know you're going to learn a lot and be connected in different ways to the housing issues in Amherst. Thank you, Linda, for that kind introduction. And since you opened for us, no one introduced you.  I suspect the Amherst Neighbors Group already know you well, but we have attendees, I think, from a number of interest groups. So, to all of the rest of you, Linda Spink is a founding board member and a mainstay of the program committee of Amherst Neighbors, and she's in that heading that committee responsible for this afternoon's program. Similar to her retirement, she was the executive director of the Insight Meditation Center in Barrie. So, thank you for getting us started, Linda. So, yeah, you should see on your screen now, an agenda. You've heard from the two lenders, I'll stop in a minute. You're subsequently going to hear from John Hornick, who's going to give an overview of the status of affordable housing in Amherst. Donna Hancock, who's going to speak in a more personal level about what's available as affordable housing, especially for older adults in Amherst. The vice will be talking about specifically the housing needs of older adults who are without housing. And then we'll hear from John again, sharing with us some specific plans for an affordable housing development that would focus on older adults. And then we'll welcome Mary Beth Okulowicz, who will be responding to the things that she's heard as well as sharing some of her own perspectives. And I'll introduce each one of the speakers as they begin. So let me turn now to introducing John Hornick. He has a wide range of professional positions in higher education in state mental health over the years. Among many research projects, he led a HUD funded study of strategies for improving homeless people's access to benefits and services. In the relative to today's discussion since 2016, he served on the Amherst Municipal Affordable Housing Trust and he now serves as the chair of that group. So John, we'll go on to your overview of the housing situation in Amherst. Thanks very much, Linda. I have a set of slides and I'm going to try to march through them fairly quickly so that we don't. I don't take up too much time from the other speakers. Basically, I'm going to offer up some facts, some information about trends and some thoughts about the future. So next slide please, Nate. Thank you, Donna. I got that. Okay. I have two quotes here. The first this town suffers from a severe housing shortage. We want to be welcoming and livable city, but people of all ages backgrounds and occupations are struggling to keep or find a home here. Children can't afford to live here. People who work here can't afford to move here. Seniors can't afford to stay. A combination of high land prices, restrictive zoning, an unpredictable often lengthy permitting process and neighborhood opposition to new multifamily development is making it very hard to build the kind of housing we need. I really could have said that about Amherst, but in fact it comes from something somebody said about the city of Newton. So, this is not just an Amherst problem. This is not just the Newton problem, but many of the cities and towns and Massachusetts and elsewhere are blessed or challenged by these kinds of problems. On the next slide, let's see. Briefly, there are three main factors which I'll talk about that explain why we're in this situation. First, there have been significant population changes that create demand for housing. Second, there's a lack of housing production so we don't have enough places to meet the demand. And finally, increasing the demand has been the growth of UMass enrollment over the years. So let's move to population changes. This slide only goes through 2010. We wanted to go through 2020, but unfortunately the data that we needed won't be available to the end of this month. So we'll update it then, but for now, this is what we think we know. Let's see. I left out the legend. The top line basically is the population that's 18 to 24. So that is your student population. Not everybody 18 to 24 is a student, but the majority of those people are. And you can see they are far and away the largest group in Amherst. If you drop down to the bottom line, those are people, I think it's over the age of 65. And what you see is a steady increase in the number of older people in our community. So then there are a few other things that are of interest here. One is what's happening to adults who are 22, sorry, 25 to 45. I think that's the line which is the dashed yellow observations and that group's been declining. Similarly, right below them is a line in red that's dashed. That's the population of zero to 17. So basically we have a community in which young people and families with young children have been disappearing or did just been disappearing over the 20 years from 1990 to 2010. And everything indicates that that's continuing to happen. So, those, those really are not positive trends for the community. Next slide is interesting. It doesn't necessarily have to do with housing but since the data were available. I thought I should at least comment briefly on it. The top line is the white population of the community. And you can see that in the last decade, this does include the decade 2010 to 2020. The size of that population has been going down. At this point about 675% of the population of Amherst is classified as white. And the other non-white or minority populations have been rising, including at the very bottom a small number of people who are mixed racial and ethnic origin. So Amherst is changing to become a more diverse community. It's interesting that speaks for Amherst. But if you look at similar data for the communities that immediately surround us. It shows population to remain large, largely white. You're talking about 80 to 90% of their residents being white and not a lot of new population influx from other people. Okay, moving along. So we getting a look at population changes. I mentioned that there hasn't been a lot of housing production. In this slide you'll see from a period from 1970 to 79. And even the 10 years earlier, there was a huge amount of housing production in Amherst. That represents the growth of the university. A lot of this was housing in order to meet the needs of new faculty and staff who were being hired during this period. And there's huge growth there in a number of parts of town. Then you see that growth really drops down significantly in the following 10 years and continue to drop down so that between the years 2000 and 2009. This slide shows only 200. I think it's 27. I'm not sure. New houses over that 10 years. It's a little over 20 new units a year. And then finally, in the last 10 years, we've had some growth in housing, a little over 1000. And in the past year 2020 we had another 242 units. And what's the significance of this? Basically, while demand was increasing in the community, because of population changes overall demand, housing production simply wasn't keeping up. And so anything we've built in the last 10 years, or build next year or the year after is really an effort to keep up. And we need to do much more than we've been doing in order to manage that. Next slide. University residential planning. You can't talk about housing in Amherst without talking about housing at the university. The university now has an enrollment of roughly 28,000. That doesn't include various off campus programs would add a few thousand more students. On campus the university has roughly 14,000 residential unit. So the difference is about 14,000. That means that you have about 14,000 every year who are looking for housing off campus. And it's important to say that in many cases, it's not just an individual student looking for housing, but it could be students and family members, since there are a fair number of students who come to Amherst with their families. The university has some announced plans to replace some existing housing and to build a little bit at the same time, but the truth is the actual number of new units is net about 400. There's honestly very little going on at the university. And this is where their plans stand today, and mostly the announced plans are stuff that, frankly, they have yet to break ground on. Never mind thinking about something else. Next slide. The university is extraordinarily important. The university of the university as an academic institution of course that's what it is. But it's also the largest landlord in Amherst. If they've got 14,000 units on campus, that makes them far and away, the biggest provider of housing, certainly in Amherst and probably in the Connecticut River Valley, or at least north of Hartford, and Springfield. And so as student enrollment increases, and it outstrips the demand for housing on campus people move off campus. And so we have a huge impact, economic impact on the housing market in Amherst and beyond. It creates problems not only for students, but for people who work for the university, people who work for the town and people who work for local businesses, because they can't find a place to live that is near where they work or where they go to school. Next slide. So briefly, older residents in Amherst that were aged out of child raising. Remember all those units, maybe 2000 that were built from 1970 to 1980. Those people are still there. They remain a significant part of the town's residential population, although many of them no longer have children. The lack of housing production, it's been a big problem, although it picked up in the last few years. And finally, overall university enrollment growth has significantly outpaced on campus residential growth since 2000. Moving along, one way to think about this that I like is remembering my childhood game we used to play called musical chairs. And I'm sure almost everybody remembers this game. Essentially, the players walk around a set of chairs while the music is going on. And when the music steps, everybody has to get into a chair. And with each round, a chair is taken away. But, and also people who can't find a chair taken away until finally you're left with one or two players at the end. What you have in Amherst now is adding players to this game, but not adding chairs. And so musical chairs is not fun for people who need housing in this community. Okay, going further next look a little bit more at the consequences. A lot of these consequences are individual. The Amherst Community Land Trust, of which Linda Slakey is the chair, assists low income first time home buyers in purchasing a home. Generally, they're trying to find things at the lower end of the market. So there one family was able to find a place for $250,000, but then a second family that they were working with was outbid on a number of properties. They couldn't find a place at that same value, or even a little bit higher value. So, like the cost of rental units which will come to in a minute, the costs of homes are also rising in what has become a seller's market. They have entrepreneurs who for years have been buying up homes to rent to students so that they go off the market for say new families. And there are also now people moving to Amherst from urban areas as a result of the pandemic. So the market is pretty tough and getting more and more difficult. We look at the next slide. One of the consequences which I briefly alluded to earlier is that there are fewer families with children. Here are some stories, this is one and there are others will come to that people have told me. I met a man who was a single parent to work for the town of Amherst and for many years he lived with his son in a brick house. The rent didn't increase too much until now probably three years ago reached a point where it was no longer affordable on a salary, and he and his son had to move out of Amherst. The good news is his son had completed the Amherst schools at that point, but nonetheless if they, he hadn't, they still would have had to go someplace else. And what we're seeing in the data is that the numbers of families with school age children are declining. We've dropped close to 700 students. Sorry 700 families with children and other data tells us that the number of school age children residing in Amherst is dropped by more than 1000. Next slide. The woman who was a new PhD. Actually, this is now two years ago. She came from another state on a research fellowship, and she was unable to find housing in Amherst. So what did she do. Her parents live in Massachusetts, not close to Amherst, but close enough so to speak. So she decided to move in with them to move back to the family home, even though she was 45 minutes away from Amherst. Nick grabby just did an informal survey. He has a unit in his house that he rents out the student, and he had a lot of people asking if they could rent. So he had information about each of these people. He had a, had their emails, and he asked, he followed up with a fair number of one to find out what they where they found has, and they found housing as far away as field spring field. So, we've got a significant problem. Another way in which this problem manifests itself is in housing insecurity. At the bottom of the slide, the US census identifies or defines cost burden as a family that spends more than 30% of their income on housing and severely cost burden. If they household spends more than 50% of its income on housing. So that's pretty burdening. If we go up and look at what's happening for renters in Amherst, 20% of households are cost burden, and 40% are severely cost burden. I may have reversed those two it may be 40 or cost burden and 20% are severely cost burden sorry about that. So homeowners, we have less of a problem homeowners are better off in Amherst and so there are fewer that are cost burden, but it's still a bit of a problem. So moving on. In the pandemic, there's a lot of concern about foreclosures and evictions, and I just wanted to summarize a little bit of the information that's known now for our area and Hampshire County, and Western Mass. I also wanted to note that there's state legislation pending that would try to reduce the risk of foreclosure and eviction. Some may know the state had an eviction stoppage that a moratorium I should say that was lifted last October, and then the CDC had a less expansive moratorium but number less one that was important that was lifted. I believe in May, and then reinstated, and now again canceled by the Supreme Court. So, lots of people are at risk of being forced out of their homes. Okay, so let's see we're waiting for the next slide. I wanted to talk about the future. I didn't have to go to Greece to the Oracle with Delcy to figure out what the future is. Frankly, the future is our past.  But there's not going to be much growth on campus, despite the fact there is interest in demand there. If you already own your own home, your neighborhood may see more student rentals. I know that's true for my neighborhood of about 25 or 20s 25 homes now, about nine of them are now student rentals. If you're a family with school age children opportunities to become a homeowner or a renter at an affordable cost will continue to be slim. You can build living in Amherst and want to downsize new opportunities to find an affordable place that would allow you to stay in the Amherst community may not materialize. If you're a low income renter your rent will probably increase making your housing more insecure, while the quality of your housing may also diminish. So, honestly, this is our future, unless the university and town council find a way to make major changes. I can't be optimistic about what's happening. Let me move on and talk a little bit about some of the efforts that people have made. I think that's important. There is a thing called the subsidized housing inventory, which keeps track of all the housing that is quote unquote affordable, mostly because it's subsidized by one source of income or another. The town has tried to engage the community to support the expansion of affordable housing. There are some dedicated resources within town government. We continue to work to find ways to increase it. The most significant local change was the updating about what's called the inclusionary bylaw to require construction of affordable homes and all new developments greater than nine units. And I should say over 1 million and CPA funds have been spent on community housing in the past five years. So, there are things happening, but quite honestly, it's not enough. Let me mention a couple of other things, or at least briefly show you the slide which shows them. These are four key projects that have occurred. People are probably familiar with North Square. That's the most recent. It includes 26 affordable units out of something like 128 total units. Habitat of humanity has created five recent homes for home ownership for low income families. Probably the most recent was now a couple of years ago. The town has a first time home buyers program, which is run by Valley Community Development and the Amherst Community Land Trust. And I think that's affected something like 14 house households over the last five or six years. The rolling green, which is shown in the slide, the town preserved as affordable 42 of the units that were there. When it assisted with the kind of purchase of the property by beacon communities from real estate group that owned it before. So some things are happening. We look at the fact that the town council or the community resources committee is working on a new town housing policy. That will be fully summarized in the next slide. I don't want to read these, but basically there are five major goals that are interdependent that the community resources committee has said we need to move toward in order to improve housing for really all populations within the town. So in the interest of time, I'm not going to go over those, but I will go to the next slide to talk about some of the specific things that they proposed as part of the policy and things that would get attention in terms of measuring progress. So a minimum of 250 new units for households earning less than 80% of area median income, reducing the percentage of renters who are cost burden and severely cost burden by 50% reducing percentage of owners who are similarly cost burden and reducing the number of how homeless individuals are served at Craig's doors, because they become housed. So, we've put in the chat actually a link to the new draft policy. It's continued to be draft CRC will work on it and then present it to town council, a little bit later this month. Other issues are what they call safe and secure housing, reducing the number of health and safety violations, and also, again, consistent with the last issue, trying to implement a year round sheltering option in Amherst. Finally, these are things that are on the drawing board. There's the Amherst studio apartments which people may be familiar with the town has drafted a request for proposals which should be released soon that would allow a affordable development for families at the old East Street School and a nearby property on Belcher town road. We see a home ownership development on strong street and additional funding come through for helping to retrofit heating systems and weatherization in low income rental developments. And, and also potentially the purchase of the university motor lodge and new subsidies for home ownership. And finally, as we'll talk about a little bit later, the development of a rental property for older adults potentially at Hickory Ridge. I've kind of alluded to this. The next thing I wanted to say is that this is not own. Oh sorry, I think I'm going to skip over this slide in the interest of town time sorry, but go to this one. This is not just an Amherst problem. The Donahue Institute recently published a report with support from wayfinders and the Community Foundation, in which they showed that the kinds of problems that I've been talking about in Amherst are problems really north and south from Springfield to Greenfield. So an increasing housing supply gap, which is driving up prices, continuing housing instability, and the fact that more than half of renters in the Pire Valley are quaff burden, spending 30% or more of their income on housing. What's also important to note is that this trend is even worse for communities of color. So the last slide, what do we need, where do we need to go. Again, I've got a list of things here. They're consistent with things that I've said, this is to change that bleak future that I talked about earlier. There's a partner in the university that recognizes its role in the local housing market and plans to develop 3 to 5000 new units on campus for its students, including those with families for the town itself. Consistent with what the Community Resources Committee has said, we should see at least 250 new affordable units in the next five years or so. We need to make sure that these units are available to groups that need them. We need to be sure that they're not segregated or isolated but close to services, including transportation. We need to find ways of assisting people who are looking for affordable housing and identifying and accessing available homes. Finally, we need to maintain our commitment to supporting the Amherst seasonal shelter, even as we develop new housing. And for all of this to happen, we need your ideas and your advocacy. So thank you all for listening. And now Linda, I think we're ready to move on to our next speaker. Thank you. I believe that's Donna. Yes, I believe. Yes, it is. My name is Donna Hancock. And thank you, John, for allowing me to be a speaker on this panel. I was asked from, I think it was Nancy Schroeder, because I am a senior and I'm living what you all are talking about. She thought it best that I could give you a personal synopsis of what I have gone through as being a senior. I moved here in 2011 to be with my mother from Florida.  Working for the phone company for 21 years, I had a pretty good retirement. I got caught up in the housing bubble, bought two houses, lost both houses and lost all my money.  I had to move somewhere, but there was nothing available. Not even the housing authority could help out. Finally, staying with my mom for like a year, I ended up going to the Ann Whalen apartments over here on Kellogg Street. And I stayed there for seven years before I got a chance to move into the Clark House. That was the waiting list that goes to show you how some of the seniors have had to wait. That was a waiting list that I got, and I moved into Clark House in 2018, I believe it was. And I've been there since. But the catch is, for affordable housing, they take a third of your income to pay for your rent to help you out. Each year that I work here for the Meals on Wheels program for my precious seniors, and I get a raise, my rent goes up and up and up. Before I started working, my rent was like $360 something. Now, because I work, it's third of my income plus my social security, I'm paying almost $7, well I am paying $710 a month. And the more I pay, the more I wonder, am I going to have to leave Amherst? I may have to move where my kids are because I am going to be 70. These are some of the things that plague our seniors. The strength, I think, of Amherst is that you do have affordable housing that is decent housing. I've seen affordable housing, if you will, for seniors that wasn't quite as nice as they are up here. I've seen some that are rat infested, roach infested, not nearly as good. People are clumped together. So the strength of this area is the fact that they do take care of their seniors. I have to give you kudos. I think it's a marvelous situation you have here. The other strengths that some of the seniors have told us is that you do have a well-rounded community who do think about the seniors. It's not a thing where we know they're there, they're going to die, whatever. They know that they fit in the community, which makes Amherst a place where people want to stay. But with the housing problem like it is, they are not aware of what is being done. That's why I'm so glad I'm on this panel so I can share it with my senior friends. The shortcomings I would say that I got from some of my seniors was that the places are very small. They don't have a lot of storage. For people of color, they feel that they've been left out. They would like to have apartments like the ones that they build down here on Pleasant Street for the seniors. This is like a cross communication that I'm hearing from my senior population. And I try to let them know, no, that's not the case. That's not the case. Well, how do you know? So I think that with everything that John has covered, I would love for this information to be given to some of the seniors that live in these two areas here. I'm only familiar with these two areas because I haven't really learned Amherst as well. My choice to live in the town was because I don't have transportation. I would have to be someplace where there's buses. That's a big problem for a lot of the seniors. But for the most part, I think if we work together and we're able to realize we do have a senior population, I think that this would work out. My only problem that I have personally is define what is affordable housing and how do seniors look forward, even though their futures may only be months or years, how do we make them feel like they are not squashed in a corner somewhere? So that's really all I was going to say. I just giving you a personal synopsis so you that are on this panel hear it from a senior who is living this dream. Thank you. Thank you very much, Donna. And I apologize. You didn't get a proper introduction. I didn't realize I was muted. I started to do that and realize that you had begun to speak. So let me just tell the participants that you're the Highland Valley Elder Services Nutrition Site Director for the Bank Center and that you coordinate food services for low and moderate income adults every weekday. And you've also been a longtime resident as you shared with us of the Amherst Housing Authority's public housing. Thank you very much for that presentation. Thank you for having me. Yeah. And our next speaker is Jerry Weiss. Jerry's the President of the Board of Craig's House, which operates at the Amherst Seasonal Shelter, as well as other services for homeless persons. And prior to his recent retirement, he was in full time practice as a psychiatric social worker in Amherst, and he's going to share his observations of the needs of older adults who become homeless Jerry. Hi, thank you. I'm going to start with a few statistics and data about homelessness. Additionally, according to the annual homeless assessment report to Congress, there were about 67,000 elderly individuals, and that's age 62 or older. Interestingly, as I did my research, there isn't a standard on what's elderly. Some say 62, some say 65. HUD seems to not even bother at many statistics and just say people over 24 is a group. So it's actually hard to get these numbers. But this report had 67,000 people, 62 and older who were homeless. And that, and that was in 2016 and it was that represented an increase of nearly 50% since 2007. And they don't see that stopping so that it's just growing. It's probably the fastest growing part of the homeless population. They expect that to hit 100,000 in the next decade. In Massachusetts, we had just under 18,000 people total experiencing homelessness on any given day in 2020, with about 1500 being chronically being considered chronically homeless. I had a lot of trouble finding the the elderly number. So you can extrapolate this from the national statistics that about 9% appear to be elderly. So you can do the math on that 9% of 18,000. Number, when you think about all those people that are 62 and older. In the past four seasons at Craig's doors we've given shelter to 49 people age 62 and above, which represent about 8% of our total guests, 10 of these were repeat guests. Some all four years in that in that data range. In the past year there have been 15 people in that age group, which is higher than most years. I tried to get data from other Hampshire County shelters, and roughly found out that the be there are probably about seven elders age 62 and above, beyond what Craig stores is able to house. And of those 49 people that we housed enough in those four years 11 were 70 or over. And we with the oldest person being 78. We are currently serving a 78 year old person. That numbers has remained fairly consistent. However, the number of female guests 62 and over has increased at a faster rate. And all these numbers represent people who are sheltered. It's harder to get the numbers of people who aren't sheltered. And in this area to known elders have been living without any shelter for at least a year. But it's, it's a very hard one to track down. So, housing is of course the first need. And it's pretty much covered the affordable unit problem here. You compound that with the conditions for, for what happens when you're homeless on health on mental health on dietary needs. And it's much worse for the elderly. It's estimated that an elderly homeless person has four times higher morale mortality rate than their peers who are in homes. Older populations of course struggle to manage chronic diseases without the structure of a home. If anybody's been sick you know it's nice to have a nice home to be in and a nice bed to be in. If you're very sick it's a lot harder to be in a shelter. Elderly people with diabetes or heart disease. It's harder for them to maintain regular doctors appointments, medication regimens, including proper diet. And some don't trust health care and don't trust social service providers. And accessing public assistance programs can be daunting. Some get discouraged by the application process. Some have a hard time getting to places to receive care, and some refuse help. I checked into the Amherst Housing Authority to see what, what's the process if you are elderly and homeless. How do you apply for housing in Amherst. Well you fill out an application so you need somebody to help you get that application if you can't get it yourself. It's a fairly complicated application, as Donna is shaking her head. And if you've been homeless you have to prove it. You need documentation. So if you've been in a shelter that's not hard to get.  If you've been couch surfing, they require you to get a letter from whoever you've been couch surfing with.  Maybe agencies like Amherst Survival Center could help out then because they probably know of people who are receiving food from them or clothing who are living in the woods. But that's a lot of hoops to jump through and then if you can jump through those hoops you become known as emergency housing. So you think emergency housing. Oh, that's going to be quick. No, it's not. There is approximately a two month period where they have to turn the apartment over once a unit becomes available two months to get it ready for a new person. And then you have to wait for that apartment to open up. It could take four months. It could take six months. It could take eight months and you are considered emergency housing, even if it takes six or eight months. Not, it's not an adequate way to get emergency housing at all. And that's not the policy of Amherst Housing Authority. They, they said this is the state's regulations how it has to be done. And maybe one thing should be to approach the state on their definition of emergency housing. As you know, probably many older homeless individuals have difficulty with self care, keeping up with high genes that can cause infections increasing, increasing their health needs. Of course, of course, more stress, social isolation, social isolation. Any mental health issues they have are going to be exacerbated by homelessness by the stress of it. Homeless seniors and urban centers have an extremely high rate of premature death. As I said, it's four times higher than the regular population. And there was one statistic I read that elderly homeless people age 10 to 20 years faster than other people. So if you're 60, you, you could be aging into 70 and 80 as you remain homeless without aging there. Well before you get to that age. So like break stores, the senior center, Elliot services, veteran services, Amherst Survival Center, community connections are all trying to put people up with their services with medical services with mental health services and with housing, but it's not easy is the housing is the hardest of all of those to help people with. We have an increase in evictions. 80 crash. People lost their wealth. People became homeless. And they're aging now. So, one way to prevent more homelessness for elderly people is to prevent evictions, which we now know is now an increase because of COVID. The departments of social services often help with housing emergencies for the elderly by providing housing for low income seniors, religious organizations help homeless seniors. But as if we have that many people that we're, we're serving in our shelters, you know how many must be out there. So that's, I don't want to, I don't need to talk more I can answer questions at some point if there are. Thank you. Thank you Jerry. And by the way, I've noticed a couple sets of questions coming in the chat. And we're going to proceed with the speakers just so we hear from everybody but that hopefully is going to leave us time at the end to come back to some of those questions. Right. So john, you get a chance now to tell us a little bit more about the potential for an affordable housing development for older adults. If you look at the first slide which will probably be on momentarily, it asked the question is if we were to initiate a new rental development for older adults. What would it look like. And I'm going to suggest some answers to that question. But I think as we leave time for discussion at the end. I'm most interested in hearing what your answers are to that question. So going on to the next slide, I just. There we go. Okay, okay, there's one that was the right. Okay, so someone would say well why are you involved in this what's the housing trust have to do with it. Well I didn't introduce the housing trust but basically that's our job. So we have to do what we can to promote a diversity of affordable housing and Amherst. There are a number of specific projects that we're working on that are listed here. But overall, our goal is to try to get together and produce a pipeline of programs and projects that will make housing more affordable in Amherst. With the Community Preservation Act committee and the town council, and we also seek public support, primarily through the Amherst affordable housing coalition. So that's why we're involved. And that's why I'm talking about this. This is a kind of preliminary exploration of ideas. So as I said earlier, I'm going to suggest some things. I also want to say that there's a lot of uncertainty around this that are briefly summarized in the next slide. If we do have a new rental development for older adults, I can't tell you where it would be. We face various hurdles with respect to approval by town council or the town zoning Board of Appeals. We don't know what neighborhood opposition might materialize, because this would likely be a size of development. And wherever its place. We know that people will object. They say it doesn't fit in with our neighborhood. It'll add too much traffic or there's really no need for this type of housing. So we can expect to see some opposition. And there are various uncertainties that we need to overcome. So this is an early conversation. This is an opportunity for me to suggest some things. But for all of us when we come to the discussion to share some ideas. To assess what the level of interest is for you to give feedback, and whoops, we're moving around quite a bit. What else to take advantage, frankly, of our collective wisdom and experience in thinking about this. And the end goal was develop for the housing trust, a preliminary plan to present to the town. I did a little bit of research. And so I wanted to talk briefly about my understanding about options for senior living. And that starts on the next slide. Next one after that. Here we are. There are various options and when you read about specific examples they honestly start to blend. There are things called independent living communities. There are something called assisted living residences, there are nursing homes, and then there are continuing care retirement communities, which tend to be a mix of the things above. The biggest difference to me, honestly, in these different groupings are whether or not healthcare is integrated. If there are healthcare providers on site, or part of the community, and that obviously happens in nursing homes. It also happens in communities for assisted living. But it doesn't happen with independent living with independent living living healthcare is coordinated. As you'll see in a moment, it's something that comes on site. If residents need it and get some help from the people who manage the community. Okay, moving to the next slide. I have one example of an independent living community. It's an organization called Two Life Communities. They operate largely in eastern Massachusetts, and they use what they call an aging and community model. Their goal is everybody can stay there. No one has to leave. It's not labeled though as assisted living because people come in, and they are independently in control of the units where they live they have a lease. They pay monthly rent, and there may be services on site, but they aren't obliged to use them. The purpose of these communities is to address economic insecurity by making the housing affordable, and also address loneliness by having people live together. It can be mixed that is include subsidized as well as unsubsidized units and affordable to people who are dependent on social security. So, it really is intended to meet the needs of a lower income group. Obviously one bedroom and two bedroom. And if we take a look at the next slide, some of the other things that are designed into Two Life Communities are having a ground floor that serves as a village hub. It will have a large welcoming entry. It'll have large and small rooms incorporated to support a variety of activities. And that includes encouraging visitors to come in and to use the facilities as appropriate to share them with the residents as allowable. So this is the Two Life Community Model. Then I wanted to mention another model which will be in the next slide. Oh, I'm sorry. I have one more slide on Two Life Communities. As part of their design they do have onsite staffing. They have a resident coordinator and an activities coordinator typically with the goal of helping the residents to navigate the challenges of daily life. They said healthcare services in this model are not provided by people who work for Two Life Communities. They coordinate healthcare services. The services come to residents and the resident coordinator will help to bring the necessary services in. Partly by having agreements with outside agencies, for example, Highland Valley Elder Services in our area or the Amherst Senior Center. They also, the activities coordinator arranges for activities that will be of value and of interest to residents and those can be a wide range of things. I put in one that seems to be pretty important and that is fitness services. Okay, I have another example and this is a senior living residence. This is an assisted living program. And there's a program in Born on the Cape. And actually there's a similar program that's in Westfield called Armbrook Village locally if people have heard of it. They aim to provide outdoor living spaces, enriched daily programs, restaurant style dining with healthy food options. That's part of what their goals are. And then if we go to the next slide a few more items. So they have studios as well as one in two bedroom apartments. And again you'd find this with Two Life. There'll be a kitchen net in each unit, a shower, an emergency alert system, control of heating, housekeeping and laundry services, maintenance of the apartment and utilities, and it would be wired for cable TV and phone. So many of these things you'd find in both assisted living and independent living. Again, to me, and people can tell me if they have another understanding, the biggest interest difference has to do whether healthcare is integrated with the program. That is, there are people who are healthcare providers who are employees of the community versus depending on healthcare being brought in or coordinated as part of the program. I'll just briefly mention something about financing. If we're talking about independent living, there is a mix of public financing available. It may require some additional fundraising in order to pay for all services. The intention is to use funding sources that assure the units will be affordable. And typically, federal funding sources, depending on what source you're talking about, do carry age restrictions, either 55 and over or 62 and over and occasionally have different programs that are needed that may be in conflict with each other because these are a little different. I know less about how financing works for communities, assisted living communities, or continuing care retirement communities that have integrated healthcare. So I'm not going to talk about that. I'm not going to speculate on how that works. So, two more slides. One possibility that I thought about as a site for an independent living rental development for older adults is the Hickory Ridge Golf Course. As people know that town has a contract to buy it. They've yet to close. Most of it will become town conservation land. But there is an area of roughly five to nine acres of developable property right along West prom or Elaine. So there's a place to build a good size community for older adults. So that's pretty much what I've got to say. I have one more slide, which you can take a look at. And basically, the question is, what would you all like to see. And I've noted some of the things that I talked about. And what I'd really like to share with you is that if the town closes on the property and if we all agree that this property or this part of it should be made available for a community for older adults. So that's some of the things that I talked about. And what I'd really like to hear is what people have to say, probably beginning with Mary Beth, who is next up. Linda. Yeah, thank you, John. And I'll just briefly introduce Mary Beth. Most recently, I think probably many of you know, knew her as the director of the Amherst senior center. And she's just begun a new job as chief of elders and persons with disabilities unit in the office of Northwestern District Attorney. So, Mary Beth, we'll ask you to reflect on what you've heard as well as sharing your own insights on these issues. Thank you very much. It's a pleasure to be with everyone in Amherst once again. And I have to say that off the top of my head that looking at it from also a county point of view now. The issues that you raised today are not singular and unique to Amherst, though I think some of the positive factors are very unique to Amherst. And I think like climate change, aging in Amherst really requires us to rethink how we are living and developing community. And I want to just start off with sharing, I guess, two points of reference. And I think that they were very stark when I first arrived in Amherst. The Amherst Institute in their projections of demographics indicate that by 2030, the individuals who are age 60 and older in the town of Amherst will comprise 30.3% increase in that population, which is a significant shift. And throughout the Commonwealth, we are all discussing the graying of the state. And so I think that this program and the focus on elders and housing because housing is directly related to safety and well-being is really well timed. And I really appreciate the emphasis on this topic vis-a-vis elders. And people are interested in looking more at that demographic information. If you go, you can find that online and I can, I can share the link with you around the Donahue Institute and the social and demographic information. And more importantly, there is a breakdown of those demographics, which also shows that when we're talking about are we looking at independent living versus assisted living with medical care. When you look at what portion of elderhood is going to increase the most in Amherst, it is those that are at the higher end of elderhood. So we think of elderhood is right that 40-year stage. And it's really those 85 and above. So when we're talking and looking at the needs, I think that that demographic information becomes far more relevant about what the needs are. You know what we call a young senior in the 60s is going to have a very different idea of what they need then if you had a larger population in their 80s. So that's the first piece. And then the second sort of demographic piece, or actually statistical information, I think is really important to this conversation is the elder index. So the Gerontology Institute at UMass has comprised an elder index, which allows you to search by county, the amount of money that an individual who was an older adult needs to live securely to meet the needs to live within that county. And if you look at Hampshire County, it's actually rather startling. And some of the information that I was that was able to find that person that Massachusetts rates the highest in the nation in the percent of older single living alone adults with incomes below that elder index. So what it says is that 62% of older adults have an income that is less than what is required to live in that community. And that, you know, if we also look at the intersection of race and age, I think it plays out far more dramatically, and that three out of four black singles living alone in Massachusetts have incomes that fall below that elder index. And so what that means is that older adults have to make very difficult choices, just merely to survive. So again, you know I can put that link up there but I think it's really important, relevant probative information about how much money do we need, and what, what in this county, how are we faring our older adults about trying to afford even affordable housing as Donna relayed that search and the angst that's involved. And then also the folks in our community. You know, again, economic insecurity is 31% higher for older black persons who are living alone, and then 33% higher for older black couples and that's within the state of Massachusetts. So, so I think that the picture is, is a rather stark and I think it really speaks to an urgency that we probably haven't really threaded that needle quite yet. And with regard to the, the impact, what I would also suggest is that these are regional discussions and certainly so when we talk about homelessness when we talk also about older adults needing supportive care. I'm sure Helen McMillan who's now the director of the Emerson Center can talk about the number of communities that we work with and that really needs to be regionally strengthened and resourced. And then also that this isn't just so I noticed that probably most of us in this conversation are older folks, and that I would suggest this is this is a family wide and community wide discussion because 83% of older adults who need help are cared for by their family members. So older adult children who are in community and certainly that was something that we saw at the senior center are involved in this. During the pandemic, we received weekly calls on the on the double from older adults but adult children who are moving their family members to Emerson because of the pandemic. And so this is not just a conversation for older adults. This is really a multi generational conversation. And I think that there's a more robust interest that we can generate around this within Emerson for that. And I really appreciated John's sort of extrapolating housing beyond affordable housing to looking at that conversation of long term care and independent living in those various arrangements, because again I'm sure Helen can can address this more than I can but you know with the calls that we receive in Amherst are often when somebody reaches the point where they can no longer live independently. And either the families are concerned about them, where the older adults can see themselves slipping. And so we really need to sort of balance and keep that conversation going with both of those balls in the air around how can we support individuals, as their faculties and as their abilities do in fact diminish because that is a fact of life right we are all aging and and you know not everybody will will age without the need for some supportive care. So, I think that that one of the interesting I'll just leave that on a positive note so amidst all of that. There are some some unique opportunities and possibilities and I think like the Nestor Lee program that runs out of Boston I know it was featured in the Times a couple of years ago, I had contacted them to see if they might be able to help us and that's a shared housing program where you have an agency that helps to match older adults who are in their homes and maybe can't afford them and it affords companionship it gives people rental income. So in in the instance where we're not going to have a housing stock that's going to allow people to leave other some interim measures that we can help to facilitate to have safety and you know written agreements people with with Corey checks and you know reference checks to live with older adults in a matching matter. So I think that that's a that could be an interesting conversation in the meantime while we're talking about housing is coming to come up with a housing match program, and then the last one I would I would suggest is based on my conversations with adults in Amherst, they love multi generational. And so when we're talking about senior housing, I know that oftentimes there's that sort of exceptionalism of Amherst where where we like to be in community and all of that means, and I think that those are also some of the housing communities that are our mixed generation can be really vibrant. So, I'm here to learn and listen with all of you and so hopefully support this and county wide measure as well. Thank you very much. So we have some time now before we need to draw this to a close for questions from the participants. You can raise your hand and I made some notes of questions that are in the chat. I see Adrian has her hand up and has had for a while. Hey, can you unmute Adrian or can she unmute herself. There I see you. So unmute yourself Adrian. Thank you. And what's your question. So we're not hearing you. So Adrian I'm sorry I'm going to move to somebody else even though it shows on the screen that you're unmuted we're not hearing you so maybe we can try again. Problem solved that. I'm going to call on Lisa Campbell, while you sort out what it's going to take to get it so we can hear Adrian. Lisa. Okay, can you hear me. Yes. Okay. I just am hoping everybody rattled through 109 numbers really fast. I was just trying to take notes and couldn't keep up. So is there going to be a way other than me emailing individual participants and saying what was it you said for me to capture those numbers. Because I don't see a way at this point.  I mean, the speakers said, if they could at least put some of those things in a form, where would you like them sent to them to me, then I can send them out. That would be excellent. Yeah, actually, I just want to come back to another request we made earlier. I'd really like people to put their name and their email address in the chat. If they haven't done that already. So we can send out new information. Thank you after this forum ends. So there's also a question earlier and I said we can post this on the housing trust web page so, you know, in the coming, you know, next week or so the information can will be posted up there and it'll just stay there. So, you know, you can go back to. Yeah, it wasn't clear to me that every speaker would have given you something you could post but if they did that's great. If they did or if they will. Yes, either way. Thank you. We'll encourage them to do that. Thank you for that prompt.  And you need to unmute. Am I unmuted. Yes, thank you we can hear you. Hi. Well, I, I, what I wanted to do is expand the conversation a little bit, but it, it maybe we're running out of time so let me just throw out a few. What might be provocative ideas Linda knows some of them. The brochure says older adults, families and students. So, I get that we've been talking about seniors. And I get that that's a huge problem. And I get that we can spend forever on that. But before we leave let's just think about and Mary Beth kind of mentioned this in her comments about how I think those of us that are elderly and becoming more elderly. Really want mixed living situations in our seniors and, and so how do we create that not these, you know the conventional model has its place, and yet we should be thinking very broadly about some really fresh and ideas for new models. But I think a lot of the things get addressed when we just address housing. And I, I'm not in a position to be articulate about this. And this is not the time, but I think there are some big opportunities for really new fresh ideas that were just not accessing. And let me just give you one kind of interesting statistic. We have 100 we have 14,000 students that need housing. 14,000 students are going to spend 10 to $20,000 a year just on housing minimum of 10,000. So that's 140 to 280 million dollars. That's about it. 140. So let's just say $200 million is going to be spent on housing. Now I know it goes to Sunday when it goes to Belgium town it doesn't all come to Amherst, but that's an Amherst resource, two to $300 million. So we should not be satisfied with skimming off the tax money and we do get substantial tax money for that. So, what I would like to talk about sometime and probably not now, and get people thinking about that hundreds of dollars is leaving Amherst, because of the way the housing most of it especially the recent housing is being built by large corporations and funding agencies. How do we one way in which we can keep that in town is to stimulate small scale right Linda we talked about this growth of multi family units that are Homer owned. The profits, those huge humongous profits that are going off to hedge funds we don't know where could be funding and supporting affordable housing by people that live in Amherst. I don't know how to emphasize that I think there's a potential here if we can get enough creative minds working on this for addressing in a big way in a fresh way are affordable housing problems and those multi family units. Give the opportunity for seniors to rent. Where there's a family downstairs or upstairs. And of course, when you get to a health care situation when you need all those services. That's where Linda comes in to help those people stay in that unit as long as they possibly can eventually maybe they need to go where there's more intensive care. Anyway, I encourage people to think about the potential of what I'm suggesting. Okay, sorry, no one for a long time. Thank you for that suggestion Bob that certainly is a piece of economics that deserves some level of attention. Do you have any questions have I missed someone who actually raised their hand or put a question oh Ralph you put a question in the chat. Do you want to raise that with everybody. Are you still with us. It still shows him as a participant but I'm not hearing him respond. I'll just read the question that he put in the chat. How can we enjoin the university to expand. I'm paraphrasing a little to expand the amount of housing that they provide to the students sort of what are sort of creative ways to think about that. John I know you've thought about that a lot. Well, that is a great question and maybe it's the 64,000 or 64 million dollar question I don't know. It's really a political question, frankly. I think the information that I have talked about is available to the university I don't think it's new information. I simply don't think of themselves as a landlord, and we have to find a way of changing that thinking. And I think that means involving our state senator or state representative but other people. I think that's the process of saying, really why aren't you doing something about this. You've got thousands of students that each year are looking for housing. I know someone would like to live off campus and apartments but there are lots who would prefer to be close to campus, if they could find a decent place there to live. And it is part of your obligation to figure out how to do that. That brings us according to the clock on my computer to 529, and we did agree to draw this to a close at 530 so I want to thank the speakers and also the participants who raised all kinds of thoughtful questions. And Linda, do you have any last comments you want to make as our host here. Thank you. I really do appreciate everyone Linda and John and Donna Jerry and Mary Beth for bringing such clarity and light to the challenges that we face and the obstacles that need to be overcome in order to serve the housing needs of our community. And the thoughts and the creativity that's starting to bubble in this collective around how to advocate for and make materialize some of this housing that we need to have for elderly in particular from our vantage point but as was pointed out the students and families as well. So I appreciate that. And we will work with the panelists on collecting the resources and the information shared and make that available on the many as many platforms as we can the trust the website for Amherst neighbors and out directly to those who provide their email and name in the chat. I appreciate all of you and those of you that came in Alfred questions, and who are committed to making this a collective effort to solve some of the problems we have around housing in the future, Amherst. Thank you very much. Thank you and thanks for hosting. This is recorded. I'm Nate Maloya playing with the town I'm going to end it in a minute so then you know everything will go away but the chat will be saved and the video will be recorded and like Linda said we can compile it and then and then you know have it on a few different platforms and media so thanks so much everyone. Bye bye.


from Newcastle and he would talk about irreversibility in the driven dissipative optomechanical system. So now we make the change to quantum dynamics, I guess. Hello, Eric. Hi, yeah, we can hear you. Okay, and the slide is okay? Yes. Yeah, okay. Yeah, thank you. And then the organizers are for inviting me to give this talk at this workshop. And then I just to put also context as Edgar requested. I am a former, ICTP diploma students and originally from Nigeria and I did diploma program over 10 years ago now. And afterwards I proceeds doing some master's in nanoscience which took me to universities, Thomas University in Sweden, and then also Devth University in Netherlands. And I did my PhD in Germany with Eric Lutz, where I started in Osborg, but completed it in University of Elangen. So that's me and then this is just basically also to motivate the students in the audience and then also the diploma students that you can actually do it. So if I have been able to do some of the stuff up till now. So today I will try to talk about driven dissipative quantum system, in which you have some reservoir attached to rates. And this idea of this is important as we have been hearing over this workshop classical system and then also biological system. There's always this irreversible protocol and the understanding them is basically a fundamental problem in physics. So today's outline of the talk will proceed as follow first. I will give just a brief, in the production, why do we have to care about irreversibility and how to quantify it. And then the second part will be, try to give a concrete model and just go a bit through how one can actually quantify this parameter for an optomechanical system which contain in nonlinear. So, and the third part will be basically when you'll send this to more condensed matter like kind of system, the magnomechanical cavity which is becoming quite a real facade moment due to promises it's offer in quantum information and all that and I will conclude by giving some outlook. So first, whenever you think about irreversibility this is usually compute by the entropy production in thermodynamics and we don't need to go into this as I think we have had a lot talk on associated with this but if we think just a thermodynamic process and the second law put into our shoes is that you are changing entropy is given by this inequality in which you have the changing heat upon the temperature and then entropy production is basically defined as the difference between these two and is equal to zero for reversible process and is always non-negative. But sometimes these are easy to calculate they are using the rates so in time. So if you just look at rate of change of the entropy in time, this gives you this expression where this first quantity is the entropy production rates and then the second one is what is known as entropy floss so under steady state both of them are the same. So then the next thing that one can ask is why do we care to study this kind irreversibility? As I already said is important in biological systems, power plants, but if we just think of basic thermodynamic system you can actually do just a back of envelope calculation to show that the efficiency in steady state just combining the first law and then the second law that efficiency is given by this expression here and where what this tells us is basically that the entropy production is one of 10 that makes us not to be able to achieve cannot efficiency or perhaps that it puts some constraints on performance of heat engines. And on the experimental side also in 2018 it has been realized or shown that this entropy production here can be measured in emissoscopic quantum device and then in that case they did this in two different kind of set of one is optomechanical system and then the other one is a driven dissipative system in which you have a BC in a cavity and then actuated. So the group in Zurich did that and then the group of Nikolai also here did that of the optomechanical collaboration of experimental groups of modern astro. So then just to give now more concrete model then first we look at just say an optical cavity in which is mediated you have a spring attached which can shift the mirror citing some form of radiation pressure interaction and to model this kind of system first is to look what is your Hamiltonian of your cavity and then you have to also know Hamiltonian associated to the mechanical mode which is coming from the spring and then the Hamiltonian of the interaction between the two. So and then this is also related to the zero point mode and then the coupling here is the radiation pressure like coupling. So but if we just move because this with adding some just a standard driving here that you will be able to describe the experiment that was performed by the group of Nikolai in Vienna. So, but if we now move maybe consider a situation in which we have not just a driven optical cavity but this cavity also have a non-linear crystal. So which induces some sort of non-linearity in the system. That means that in addition to just having the standard driving Hamiltonia which is related to the sequence of the laser pump and then this is the strength of the laser laser and then this parametric amplification which a side crystal is having a squeeze form and then this results in a squeeze cavity. So sort of to say that this is parametric amplification induces some squeezing in the system and it has been shown that this actually enhances cooling and then entanglement and some other properties. So, but here what we're interested to look at is like how does this modify the entropy production in an optomechanical system. And to proceed them first is to write the Hamiltonian in a rotating frame is given by the first equation here where the delta naught is just the cavity detuning which is and then the omega L is the laser, the driving laser and then the omega C is the cavity frequency. And in presence of the environment then you can basically model this equation of motion and the resulting Langevin equation is given for A and B mode. The A mode is the optical cavity mode and then the B is the mechanical mode and then the copper here is just the induced the environmental decay rates and the gamma is now associated to the mechanical resonator. So, and if you linearize the system and then just take into account or you are interested in the small fluctuation that's on top of the mean field value then you can write the linearized dynamics in this form where the effective coupling capital G now becomes of this form two times the radiation pressure coupling and then the S which is the mean field here as there is the value of the system and then you now have the non-linear interaction which encompass the pumping of the nano crystal and then also the phase angle and then you can compute your amplitude as well as the phase angle which will be quite important for the analysis. So, if we will now introduce some quadrators and then also write the, you can write the the dynamics in compact form is where the capital R, the R of T is just the quadrature vectors of the two modes you are the cavity mode and then the mechanical mode and then the noise vector which you are described for different input noise and then the A is just the drift matrix which will some encompass all the components elements the system and then analyzing this equation basically tells you all the phases and then assuming that you have a two these two reservoirs or environments that are different temperature which results in breaking of the detail balance equation you can also just look at the non-equilibrium steady-state solution using the Luponov equation and by solving this in the steady-state then you can compute your covariance matrices and then this covariance matrix you can quantify different parameter bits entanglement and then the entropy production and others. So, if we now see to look at the entropy production then just following the framework put forward by Mauro and Mauro Brunelli in 2018 so this is just a diagonal matrix of the environment mode and then if you do the calculation then for two modes which is straight forward so what you get is the expression for this optical parametric optomechanical system is given by the expression here and then the first term is associated to the cavity mode while the second term is associated to the mechanical mode so the N of B here is just the thermal occupation number of the mechanical mode at a given temperature and with one look at a steady-state so if the system is a steady-state what you get is that basically this covariance matrix up here is just equals to your denominator and then you have that entropy production is zero. But if you write the full expression which we can do in this case I didn't want to go into that because yes I'll show you that because it's just you have to cumbersome and then you don't get much information maybe out of it but one thing that the parametric amplification does is that even it always gives you entropy production that is greater than what you will get without the nonlinear crystal in the setup so if we then look at some plots then the first plot here is when you write the entropy production rates against the effective detuning in the system so what you see is that as you increase the nonlinearity then the entropy production increases so and this also even if you figure D here is when you have many number of photon so if you have many number of photon in the system then you basically increase also the amount of the reversibility you will get in the system and this is controlled by the phase of the of the parametric pump that you use so and you can see that clearly from the figure B and the E here so if we we just scan through different phase you can see that you have some phase which correspond to maximum value of maximum value of entropy production rates and also if you go have more number of photon in the system you can even have some regime where you are actually below what you will get for a nonlinear crystal so in principle with this one can say entropy production is modified by the presence of this nonlinear crystal and then by tuning that you can actually maybe parametric range which will be good for operating either your heat engine or your rectifier so the next thing we it also was to look at what happens if we increase maybe the amount of the decay rates so and what you see here is that the more you increase this okay then you can have orange but there is always a value at which it deviates and this the decay rates of the cavity is sorry when the decay rates of the cavity is equal to the square of the amplitude and then multiply by the square of the phase so in principle you can have this modification over a given time but once you always be know that you once you get close to this value then these two parameters becomes comparable then the system becomes unstable so there we also look at the correlations in the system because this system is basically Gaussian states so it is easy to compute the mutual information as well as quantum which is good because it can actually get the correlations beyond what one can get understood from the entanglement and also there is some sort of relation between the quantum and then entropy production so from our analysis then the first plot on the left is when there is no crystal in the medium and what you see is that there is almost one to the blue line is the information and then the red one is the discord so I see there is almost one to one mark between mutual information and then the entropy production so but as we start to inject or have some crystals in the medium then you start to have some deviation and the remarkable part is like close you have very small detuning then you see that while the entropy production is going down then there is some increase going on in the information what mutual information as well as the discord and this is basically yeah later to at this point what we felt is where this you have yeah this breakdown of yeah the breakdown in your cavity strength being almost equal to the square modulus of the amplitude of the pump so we further extend this it's now past you know past the 20 minutes so just let me know so then we further look at your situation okay where we have maybe your three different kind of system so this Magno mechanical cavity model so just to give you a pictorial understanding of this is just having phone on your couple to your Magnon and then also the Magnon is coupled to your photon and there's some driving a citation of the Magnon mode which in principle you can be tuned it even to go just not being a splitter but some other kind of a coupling and then the third term here is the coupling between the phonon mode and the this is the coupling between the between the atomic mode and then the Magnon so and this is the driving where the last term basically just to take into account the noise components as well as the external driving force we're seeing here in this picture and if we just do the same framework again and then couple our yeah the quantum finding right the equation of motion and solve the quantum Landgeverne equation the only difference here now instead of having four by four matrix then we'll be having yeah six by six matrix and then solve for the entropy production you can compute every other system so then I just show you the results for the entropy production here so where we plot this against the effective detuning of the Magnon mode and then what you see here for different coupling so photon Magnon coupling so the black line is when there is no coupling between the photon and then the Magnon and what you see is that as you increases yeah this is for small value of phonon number and what you see is that as you increases the coupling then you have quite big modification in your system and the second peak we see here is from the hybridization of the two mode so and they have not only shift in this peak and then you have also like this appearance of the second peak so and if we now also look at for high value for non-occupation which is the figure B here you see there is large number of coming the system and then your entropy production rates is high but the system is almost same but a bit different because what we are looking at here this figure B is having is plotted with a pointer one of the gamma the environment decay rates of the cavity photon cavity so then if we look at the C then what we did is to change the coupling of the cavity mode and what you see is that there is still some different behavior but it is not the same as we have it when we have a small decay rates of the optical mode and then the D is basically just when we have high number of mode and then also for this same kind of coupling and other parameters are just in the experimental range so with that I come to the conclusion of the talk and what I have tried to show you is that non-linear cavity which basically transcribers with cavity modifies entropy production and secondly when you have magnum in your system you can also modify your entropy production rates and this will be useful from what we have seen since looking at this figure that we can go from region where you have maybe increase to decrease within the same side band so it will be useful in using this to study how this can be done and how this can be done and also modeling quantum heat engines and see how this can really can play in enhancing performance in a refrigerator or heat engine and in North Shell this study does show you the interplay between the quantum and the quantum and how this can be done and so on and so on and so on and so on and so on and so on and so on now what is the hematonic express in a rotating frame and does this validity persist when the ground that system is altered specifically does actor be production any changes I think there is no this is just basically for easy calculations so it doesn't change so but yeah you want to write your then you can be able to write this drift matrix or compact and having also good interpretation. But yeah, it doesn't change because the effective detuning that you have, when you check the range of feet with coupling, then you see that it has little effect to the bare detuning of the system. Okay, thanks a lot. I hope that clarification helped, I think. So, we are a little bit tight on time, so further questions, please keep them in mind for the discussion section and let's thank Obina again for the nice talk. Maybe Nicole, you know how one can share her screen over these.


Technology you can figure out from NASA and finally I think got this up and running so thanks to Robert and Cindy in the studio and Jay and Eric over here on Kauai to make it all happen. And thanks for the patience. Brad over there at KIUC in Ligui, holy mackerel what a day you've had today. Anyway, today's show is all about looking at the utility grid and I want to say pretty unique in the whole wide world. Over here in Hawaii we have Hawaiian electrical mostly grids in the state of Hawaii but we also have one island that happens to be the island of King Kamehameha never really captured because he couldn't get his canoes over here without thinking his fleet. He lost half his fleet on two tries and gave up trying to take over the island of Kauai. So the folks here in Kauai are really independent and they have their own independent power source now and it's Kauai Island utility co-op. And Brad thanks for joining us today I really appreciate you having the patience to stick this out and welcome to the show. Thanks for having me Stan glad to be here. Can you tell us a little bit about yourself and what it is that you do at KIUC? Sure. I'm the power supply manager for KIUC and what that means is I oversee our generating plants, our power plants. I also manage all our purchase power contracts and the grid operations falls in under that as well so just the day-to-day operation of the electric grid but I spend a lot of my time developing our renewable projects around the island. I'm a mechanical engineer by trade but also got my executive MBA from UH. I really enjoy both the operation and the engineering, financial, all sides that KIUC allows me to get my fingers into. So did you grew up here in Hawaii, specifically Hawaii? No I grew up in a suburb of Los Angeles, California. Went off to school at the Naval Academy, did some time in the Navy in California after the Navy. I worked for Solar Servants which is a division of Caterpillar and then later General Electric in their power systems division and when I was working for GE I did a project here on Kauai at the Port Allen Power Plant in the summer of 2000 and that's kind of how I got to know some of the folks in the utility business here on Kauai and coming back permanently about a year and a half later at the end of 2001 to help get our new, well then new, Kauai power station completed and online. And so you were at the Navy before that's great because the Port Allen here was pretty active at the parking stands and doing Pacific Missile Test Range work and did that have anything to do with you kind of coming this direction? No, yeah it's funny because I remain an officer on the Navy Reserve to this day and people always kind of think, oh you must work at PMRF and I say, oh I work for KAUC they really don't have a lot to do with PMRF other than the current commanding officer being my classmate. Otherwise, now I do most of my reserve duties off Island and when I'm here on Island I'm working on my KAUC now. Well, I think like you might have heard on the intro, I think KAUC is pretty unique in the world in that most public facilities can't take more than 15-20% intermittent available site solar and KAUC has quite a bit more than that and is working towards 100%. What percentage are you guys up to now? So, and this might be a good time for Robert to throw up the image one and what that's going to show is our kind of our 2010 power supply mix which was kind of where we were for most of the early 2000s and as recently as 2010 we were about 92% oil and 8% renewable and really all those renewables were hydro. Solar total today which is a big part as you can see in the next image wasn't really viable, wasn't really cost effective at the time and we've been real aggressive in pursuing solar over the last decade and you'll see in image two our current mix is 54% renewable, 46% oil with the biggest chunk of that coming from solar now. That's been really the best fit for this island as well as some hydro, some biomass but solar continues to be very modular, very cost effective and it works well here on Hawaii. Wind is notably absent. We are challenged by a few other things that some of the other islands are faced with in trying to bring some wind online so we push hard on solar. Well you mentioned that you have hydroelectric, is that from the old sugar flumes and the agricultural side? Yeah exactly, they're pretty much all like a seed plantation hydroelectric plant. Okay well HECO talks about their duct curve all the time and how hard it is for them to balance their grid. You're a much smaller grid than HECO obviously on Oahu but tell us some of the challenges that you have managing all that in renewable on a grid the size of your operation. Sure and just to put things into perspective our grid all time peak was just the air under 78 megawatts. We're not really seeing that these days. We're seeing closer to more than the 72 to 75 megawatt range and that peak comes about within an hour after sunset each day. So during the midday when we're getting the high solar penetration you know around the near into 1 p.m. hours our demand is typically more in the 50 to 65 megawatt range depending on the week and time of the year and we have currently over 100 megawatts of solar installed on the island that's name plate capacity so we have about you know on some days two times as much as actually demand on the name plate capacity. You can break that solar capacity down into roughly one third buckets about one third is customer owned rooftop type stuff on businesses and homes about one third is utility scale solar projects without any significant energy storage and then the last third is you know solar for little things that are backed up with significant energy storage and allow us to store that energy midday and then shift it to an evening demand time. And how much energy storage and I think it's all batteries is that correct? How much energy storage do you have until what hours? We have we just do the math really quick. We have about 40 megawatts of energy storage in a power rating and energy rating it's about a hundred and sixty megawatt hours and then we got a project in construction right now at the startup site that is going to add another 14 megawatts of batteries in 70 megawatt hours. Okay so in one location what's the largest solar energy storage that you have in a battery like what's the biggest battery collection you have there in megawatt hours? That's our AES Lawhi project it is on the south side of the island and it's a 20 megawatt 100 megawatt hour battery. Okay 100 megawatts at 20 megawatt size. Okay well we're going to take a quick break here and we'll be back in 60 seconds with Brad from TIUC and we'll continue to talk about some of the unique challenges that you have when you have to balance a grid this size using a bunch of renewables. We'll be back in 60 seconds. Hey Loja my name is Andrew Lanning I'm the host of Security Matters Hawaii airing every Wednesday here on Think Tech Hawaii live from the studios. I'll bring you guests, I'll bring you information about the things in security that matter to keeping you safe, your co-workers safe, your family safe, to keep our community safe. We want to teach you about those things in our industry that you know may be a little outside of your experience so please join me because Security Matters. Aloha. Hi I'm Rusty Komori host of Beyond the Lines on Think Tech Hawaii. My show is based on my book also titled Beyond the Lines and it's about creating a superior culture of excellence, leadership and finding greatness. I interview guests who are successful in business sports and life which is sure to inspire you in finding your greatness. Join me every Monday as we go Beyond the Lines at 11 a.m. Aloha. Hey welcome back to Stand the Energy Man on my lunch hour as usual and we got the technical wizards working on everything here. We went from a crowded noisy inside to a crowded noisy outside trying to improve the sound over here but hey Brad thanks again for putting up with all this stuff. Can you tell us some of the challenges you have working with the utility scale operation that has this much intermittent renewable in it? You know I mean a lot of people can't appreciate the challenges there because you not only have to be able to carry the average load of the systems on your grid but you have to be able to handle the spikes and the peaks and valleys and keep everything smooth because your customers demand good power and you're obligated as a public utility to give them good power but I know that's pretty challenging. Can you explain some of those challenges? Yeah I'll do my best Stand the Energy Man. The challenges are a few different, can kind of be spoken down a few different areas but first is the intermittency of a resource like solar and you know for solar specifically here in Hawaii we get typical trade run weather out there always moving across between the sun and the solar panels and so it's causing large swings in the power output of each solar panel and these utility scale solar farms and so that basically that means frequency around all day long on the grid so we have to mitigate that variable frequency in order to deliver good power to our customers and to not cause a problem like load shed and things like that and then the next thing is to just going back to how much main plate capacity solar we have I mentioned that we have twice the amount of what we have on demand during the midday so we have to manage supplying demand just balancing out all these excess resources if you will and supply assets and with our demand at every second making sure that if we have an excess we're appropriately storing it or we're curtailing as necessary and we're managing all those assets so that we can deliver the low cost renewables that we have as much as possible and that's been really something that's taken us most of the last decade with changing the air permit requirements on our conventional units that allow our oil fires to operate at their bare minimums typically conventional units are limited to only going down to 50% of their rated output we've gotten ours down to essentially zero so we can run them all the way down specifically our largest generator now operates most of the day what's called a synchronous condenser it's providing support to the grid without consuming any fuel and it's available to come back and provide power if we need it within a couple of minutes so that's just basically making our generating fleet our conventional fleet that consumes fossil fuels very flexible and able to complement our net solar resources and now I could probably go on and on but I'll just stop there I was going to say you've gotten so far how soon do you think it's a realistic goal for Hawaii to come off fossil fuels completely and just go with your renewable sources and storage first of all when we talk about 100% will we ever never consume the drop of fuel to power the grid I think that's far out there for me to see because the reality is we would have to significantly over build the renewable resources if we wanted to ensure that we never consumed the drop of oil to generate electricity that assumes we don't use biofuel liquid biofuels or something which I think would be an easy solution to that issue but we don't want to have to overspend and over develop for this goal we want to do it while we're keeping rates low and stable and so if we can get 90% above maybe even 99% very soon it's really just a matter of how quickly we plan our step on the gas pedal we here at KFC try and take somewhat of a portfolio approach when we're pursuing our renewable goals so that we don't induce too heavily in any year we think that similar pricing is going to continue to get better and so we wouldn't want to do everything this year for example and not be able to do anything next year or a year after so we like to kind of do the always in continual project development mode and developing new projects and rolling out older and more expensive ones replacing them with newer and better technology that hopefully is cheaper You mentioned something really important to me there and that is when you're using so much renewable energy on your grid storage when you don't have fossil fuels available becomes critical because people don't realize how much energy is stored in oil or diesel or what you're putting in your oil fired power plants it's a very energy dense way to store and very inexpensive Did Kawhi utilities ever consider using hydrogen energy storage like using any of your curtailed or your surplus energy to make hydrogen store it and then use fuel cells to put it back on your grid Yeah, you're exactly right with that energy density and I think that is a whole other subject that you can get into about how renewables are going to change the landscape of our island to arrive at 100% renewable reality with a lot of it coming from solar and wind but hydrogen as long as we have here on Kawhi as we are somewhat of a small system we're very cost conscious we don't want to get too involved in things that aren't well commercially proven I always like to say if I can't go buy something from a TV or something like that then we want to make sure we're being careful about it so we haven't looked seriously at hydrogen yet I hope that becomes an option that's more viable and that proves out to be cost competitive with battery storage but right now everything's sort of in the lithium ion battery storage that's largely driven by the consumer electronics business the automotive business and we're able to kind of take advantage of that We're going to have to have some conversations just the two of us maybe some other folks from the utility here because I'm kind of bullish on hydrogen I just came back from the department of energy for hydrogen systems across the U.S. Even Dr. Chu from President Obama's administration who was kind of not a big hydrogen supporter when he was in the sea for eight years has finally come out and said hydrogen looks like the way to go in the future and it's because the technology is becoming more commercially available and the price point is dropping down there so I'll come over one last question because we're probably running close to the end of time here Is your network actually have any island capability where certain communities can kind of be pulled off by themselves in the event of a hurricane like I know Hawaii is taking the brunt of two at least big hurricanes and the survivability and sustainability of your grid Is it islanded at all or do you have any of those kind of protections built in Yeah we do it's not something we typically do during the normal course of operations but yeah following a hurricane let's say our main transmission line down between Port Allen and the U.S. we'll be able to while we are awaiting that transmission line to be restored if we could operate power in the U.S. one grid and no power along the west side of the second grid one of the benefits that he gets from these renewable projects being all over the island and specifically those with energy storage or significant energy storage that you've got these assets now that can actually operate the grid in those areas and our Tesla solar and storage project has specifically been set up to be a grid forming resource that can operate the grid without needing any external solar sign. Okay I tell you we're coming up against our end of time here but I really really really want to thank you for being flexible today this has been a real adventure for all of us over here in Hawaii trying to pull off everything together we spent the morning up at Kokei at the radar site talking to those folks so thanks again Brad and I definitely want to have you back on the show sometime when I more settle down and less hair on fire and get to talk to you a little bit more about the future of Hawaii Island energy co-op so thanks so thank you so much for your patience and we'll be talking to you sometime in the future. Yeah sure thing let's do it again thanks Stan. Okay thanks for your time today next week signing off. Aloha.