What's up, my bike packing buddies? This video is all about how to pack your bike packing bags. I've done a lot of videos about which gear you should bring for different adventures and I'll link those down below. But this video is all about how you get all of this stuff onto your bike. I want to start off by saying that bike packing is a little bit different than bike touring. Bike touring usually means that you're riding on roads and it's smooth and it's flat and your bike's not getting rattled around on an off-road trail.  Bike packing, you really want everything to be snug on the bike and streamlined. So when you're on off-road trails, your bags aren't bouncing all over the place. Look at this big old thing. I've also done many bike tours with a trailer and they're pretty cool. They're super simple, they're easy to attach to the back of your bike. All of your stuff is in one spot and it really moves smoothly behind your bicycle. I don't use this anymore because really it's just more to deal with. If you're flying somewhere with your bike, you also have to fly with the trailer. It's also an extra tire that can go flat and there's just too much stuff. I don't need this much stuff. I really pack lightly these days. So this trailer is now used mainly for grocery shopping. One of the main reasons why I've gotten into bike packing more over the last five years is that it's just more fun. I like dirt, I like mountain biking, I like camping in the middle of nowhere. And the biggest thing is it's a lot safer. When you're bike touring, you're on roads. Roads scare me, cars scare me. But when you're bike packing like let's say in Baja, you're out there in the middle of nowhere and you're not going to get run over. That's a nice piece of mind. If you're new to my channel, I will link below all sorts of bike adventures from all over the world. And the goal with my channel and all of my content is simply to inspire people to challenge themselves and just have a great time outside in Mother Nature. Oh man, it feels so good to be here. If you're new to bike packing, I totally understand that gear can be very overwhelming. There's so many different brands with so many different light weight trinkets and cool things to buy. But my advice for you is don't get worked up in all that stuff. Buy what you can, buy what you can afford. Go to your local outdoor shop, talk to them, they know best. My very first bike adventure when I rode my bike from Honduras to Boulder, I just patched together whatever I could find and I was just fine.  Alright, let's start with the frame pack. And this is where you're going to want to put most of your heavy stuff. And why is that? Well, when you're on off-road trails or single track and it's technical, you want your weight center. It's just easier to maneuver your bike. If you put your heavy stuff back here, it's going to swing around and you're going to fishtail. So you want the heavy stuff right here and big stuff like your bike pump per se. You want to see what's in here? Let's find out. Alright, let's see. One can of beans, two can of beans, three, four, five, six, seven. Is there one more? Yes, eight. You obviously don't need that many cans of beans on a bike trip, but it just goes to show how much can fit in these bags. You know, it looks kind of small, but it really, if you have a wide one, you can fit a ton of stuff in there. Frijoles. People ask me all the time about nutrition on my bike trips. And really, I eat a lot of beans and tortillas. Bean burritos. I love them. You get a lot of protein, a lot of carbs. They're easy to pack. And here's another one. I get this question all the time. I do not bring a stove on my bike packing trips. I never have. These are really easy to make without cooking. You just open it up, pour it in a tortilla, bam! You've got breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Cheers, buddy. Cheers. Whoa! Whoa! Meenie, Meenie, Meenie. Which bag should I talk about next? Moe. The seat pack is really big. Mine holds 15 liters. And this is where I put all of my sleeping stuff, my sleeping bag, my sleeping pad, my puffy jacket, all of my clothes. This is like my dresser drawer right here. And once I get it packed and locked up, I pretty much don't touch it for the rest of the day while I'm riding. I only open it up when I get to camp and I set up my tent and everything. Peek-a-boo. You want to see how I pack this thing? I start with my sleeping bag and I ram it in all the way to the back. Not as much of the weight up here as you can. Again, put it toward the center of the bike. Next up, sleeping pad. And it really helps to grunt in these situations just like playing tennis and you just got to kind of scream as you're ram it in there. And I'd like to make a point that packing bike packing bags takes time. You're going to have to figure it out. You'll do it and you realize, nah, that's not quite it. You take it all out. You do it again.  You learn a little bit more about where you want different things. So you don't have to completely mail this the first time. It just has to close up and then you're good to ride your bike. And finally, puffy jacket and extra layers. Just put it all in there and you'll see pretty quickly that the bag starts filling out like that. And you can start strapping it up, making sure it's nice and tight. If you're mountain biking, you do not want this swinging around. Roll it up like a burrito. Squeeze all that extra air out of there.  Just like that. Ta-da! Moving on. Can you guess what is in this little pouch right here? I will give you three seconds. Maybe it's something red or something blue. Just kidding. This is absolutely not where I keep my shaver. I don't need it to be that accessible. This is where I keep my Sony camera. This is my main camera, the RX100 Mark 7. I keep it here because it is so easy to get in and out of while I'm riding my bike. Let's say there's a dog chasing me or something very spontaneous and momentary and I want to capture it on film and keep it right here just so I'm quick draw. Bam! I got you! Let's go away! But wait, there's more. This is also where I keep my fork and knife so I don't need to use disposable plastic when I go to a restaurant. Alright, let's talk about the front of the bike. This handlebar bag right here is great and again you're going to want to put stuff in there that you're going to use throughout the day. So what do I have in here? You know I love my drone, got to have my drone in there. I usually have my Mavic Mini in here but it's out for repair right now so this is the Mavic Air. If you do put your drone up here, you really want to pad it because these things are very, very delicate. I also have my rain jacket. You never know when it's going to rain. You want to be able to get it quickly. I also have hot sauce because well, you know, I love hot sauce. This might be also where you want to keep a little bit of toilet paper. This is where I keep my water purifier pen and sunscreen. Alright, under my handlebar bag is my tent. And the great thing about tents these days is that they are tiny and lightweight. I mean, check this thing out. It would fit between drop bars. I ran mine under the brake cables right here and I just Velcro it to the handlebar. It's really, really tight. It's not going anywhere. And if you're somebody who likes carrying more stuff or you're bike packing in the winter, you might want to look into one of these types of bags, one of these big front rolls where you can carry just a lot more stuff. I am a very lightweight bike packer, so I don't bring much. I don't use this very often, but let's say I was going to Alaska, I would definitely use something like that. Okay, since we're at the front of the bike, let's talk about these bags right here. They're great for carrying water bottles. Again, you're riding, you can just get it in and out. I also, you know me, I film a ton. So this is where I keep my GoPro. I also keep power bars and gels and other extra batteries, things that you want to get at really quickly. And you'd be surprised how much this holds. I think I rammed in 15 clip bars once. I'd like to talk a little bit about documenting your adventures. You all know that I do it a lot and more and more people are starting YouTube channels or they just want to make cool videos to show their family and friends. And so we're all traveling with small cameras nowadays. And my biggest tip is that you want to keep your stuff accessible. If it's at the end of the day and you're tired and you're like, oh, it's a beautiful sunset, but I don't want to deal with getting my camera out of the back of my bike. It's zipped in three different pouches. You're probably not going to do it. So keep your stuff easily accessible right up front. I also forgot I keep this little tripod up here and that's how I stop, set up the tripod, ride my bike in front of it. It's exhausting, but it makes your videos a lot cooler. Also I have this little clamp here now. And so sometimes I keep my GoPro right here so it's even quicker access. I can just grab it and turn it on. And sometimes I take the GoPro and I stick it on my helmet and I just try to get every different angle while I'm documenting because it just makes the final product more dynamic. Don't worry, little guy. We're not going to forget about you. This is the final bag and this little seat bag is where I keep most of my tools. I've got tire sealant in here, tubeless tire repair kit. What else do I have in here? I have an air cartridge. I even have an extra tube and there's even more in there. There's my little multi-tool. Let's talk about water. Hydration is one of the most important things when you're doing any type of exercise. Yes, I know beans are important, but water is even more important. Where do you put water bottles? Well, I like putting two up here. That's why I have easy access while I'm pedaling. I can grab my bottles. If I'm somewhere like the Baja Divide where I don't even have access to water for three days, no rivers, nothing, then you really gotta bring a lot of extra water. And so you pack some of these big ones. You can put them on your forks. You can put them right here. Again, there's no exact answer to this. It all depends on the adventure that you're going on. This is not a gear video telling you exactly what you need to bring on a bike-packing trip. You know what you need, essentially. First aid and food and water and sleeping systems and all that kind of stuff. It's all about just where you put those things. But I will talk about something that I get questions about all the time. And it is, Ryan, do you bring a lock? And the answer is no. I've never brought a lock on any of my bike tours. And it's mainly because you don't really need it. I run into a grocery store or a gas station. I put my bike out front and I've never had any problems. It's also an opportunity to make a friend. If there's somebody in front of the grocery store, you can say, hey, hey kid, I'll give you two bucks if you watch my bike. Or a lot of times you can bring your bike in the store if you just ask nicely. And at campgrounds and places like that, I mean, you're sleeping right next to your bike. The chances of it getting stolen are very slim. Of course, it could happen, but it's just not something that I feel is necessary, especially since they are heavy. All right, I hope you found this informative and helpful. If you have any more questions, please write them down in the comment section. And I will get back to you. The most important thing is just to go out there and have fun. Riding bikes is fun, right? We all know that. You'll slowly get the hang of it as you pack and repack and pack and pack and pack and pack and pack. You'll get it, I promise. So thank you for watching. Please like and subscribe. And again, I will link below adventures from all over the world that will help inspire you to hit the road.


We all know the saying, if you want something done right, do it yourself. What if we apply this idea to politics? Direct action means using our own power to achieve our own ends, rather than relying on someone else to do it for us. It's striking workers who want the eight hour day and weekends. It's anti-fascists protecting people from Nazis and it's people organizing mutual aid during crises to save the lives our governments ignore. It's the idea that who would be free themselves must strike the blow. The people in power, capitalists and their politicians, don't really care what we think. They don't care because they don't have to and they don't have to because we don't have power over them, they have power over us. That's why Frederick Douglass teaches us that power conceits nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will. Even liberals unwittingly pay homage to direct action, praising its past victories while attempting to claim them as their own. They praise the post-World War II golden age of capitalism, but ignore the powerful labor movements that forced capitalists and governments to meet people's needs, regardless of the party in power. They praise former colonies achieving national liberation, but ignore the movements and the tactics that won it. They praise the end of apartheid, but turn up their noses at people using the same boycott tactics today. Liberals are, in effect, the tale pretending it's wagging the dog. Silencing the working-class social movements that change the world like this is part of a little something we like to call bourgeois ideology. Liberals may object that the magical march of reason through bourgeois parliaments will work best in the end, with arguments like the British Empire freeing its slaves out of moral goodwill. To that we respond as Douglass did, that the slaves of the West Indies did fight for their freedom and the fact of their discontent. was known in England and that it assisted in bringing about that state of public opinion, which finally resulted in their emancipation, and if this be true, the objection is answered. State politics aren't some neutral playing field. They express the balance of social forces at play. The only way to counter the extra-parliamentary power of capital is by the autonomous extra-parliamentary power of the working classes. Note that sit-ins, strikes, blockades, workplace occupations and such are all non-violent activities. History shows us, however, that effective forms of struggle are often violently attacked by agents of the ruling class, from cops to armies to privately hired thugs. But it would be obscene to equate the actions of people defending themselves with the violent assaults of their oppressors. Let's not confuse law with morality. Laws are made by the rich and powerful to suit their needs and interests, not ours. That's why slavery, concentration camps and colonialism were all legal. It's why freeing people from such ruling class tyranny is illegal. And it's why the tools of effective class struggle, like strikes and blockades, were and in their most effective forms still are illegal. But working people have been doing it and winning anyway, thinking, if the law is wrong, break the law. Direct actions are tools of self-emancipation. We decide on and direct them ourselves, developing our powers and capacities for free forms of acting and organizing. And through them, we reduce the oppression, domination and exploitation we are subject to every day, all the while building towards universal human emancipation. Although the corporate media don't tell us, ours is an age of renewed popular struggle, with a number of mass protests worldwide growing by roughly 11.5% every year between 2009 and 2019, constantly getting larger. Even accounting for population growth, the authors of a recent report for the think tanked Center for Strategic and International Studies estimate that the relative number of people who participated in protests from Donald Trump's inauguration to the present day is higher than the relative numbers who participated in the civil rights movement or the anti-Vietnam War protests. The period from January 20th, 2017 to January 1st, 2020 included the five largest protests in US history. The world of tomorrow will be shaped by the forces of today. On the one hand, we have the conservatives, fascists and increasingly many centrists masking their upper class authoritarianism with fine words of stability and tradition. On the other hand, we have growing mass movements fighting for greater freedom, equality and democracy for all people.


coating of monolayer abrasive grain by electroplating and this happens to be a very special application of surface coating by electrochemical deposition. So, it exactly means that coating the substrate surface it can be a metal or hard metal or even ceramic and in this case the grains are having a monolayer configuration and these grains will be anchored by a electro deposited metal around each grain. Now, the basic requirement come from the application of this abrasive in manufacturing and these abrasives are actually bonded abrasives. So, they are held against a metal support with some bonding agent and this is required for the abrasive material in order that it can be very efficient and high performing. Now, classically we know that this abrasive grains in order that they can take the task of material removal they are suitably bonded by conventional means and which are metal bond resin bond or vitreous bond. So, these are actually very old ways of doing this bonding to realize a abrasive tool. However, the conventional bond their limitations are soon realized and these are few which are highlighted here to make this wheel we need one mold and this molding gives the shape of the form which should follow this what we call curing or centering or even firing depending upon whether the bond is resinoid metal or vitreous. So, when we have to use a mold we have no other option then flexibility becomes rather small and this flexibility one can understand in terms of the geometrical flexibility on the wheel surface that means any form on the wheel surface cannot be so easily realized by this molding process. So, shape and size are restricted by this technique. Now, this particular bond also has some limit in that particularly for high speed grinding this is true in particular for vitreous bond where the material is brittle in nature and because of the high speed there is a risk of bursting of the bond and there is restriction on the speed. Then we also find restriction on high material removal rate and this can be understandable if we look into this figure. Now, here we have the grits which are arranged over a periphery and this is the space available ahead of each grid or the cutting tool and this space must be adequate in order that this volume of chip which is shown here this volume of chip can be well accommodated and once this chip pocket lifts this work piece surface then it will be thrown out by centrifugal action. So, from this starting point to this termination the material should be held with adequate chip storage problem. Now, chip storage problem demand will become quite high when the material removal rate also become quite high. So, these are the restriction imposed by the conventional bond. However, to overcome this difficulty one can go for a monolayer abrasive tool and which can offers a solution to the aforesaid those problems which are just now highlighted. Now, there are two ways of doing the thing either electroplating technology or active brazing technology and by adopting one of these either plating or brazing one can realize this abrasive tool with this monolayer configuration. Now, each has its own merit and weakness. Now, if we look to this process of making the wheel one can see that these grids are actually anchored on this wheel surface which is a metal which can which is capable of working at a very high speed. So, this material of choice is such that its centrifugal its capability to withstand the centrifugal tension or the stress is quite high and it is almost like a material which is chosen for the high speed rotor of a turbine and this material can be well suited to make even the abrasive wheel rotor and over this we have this bonding layer and in the bonding layer these grids are anchored. So, this is just like a galvanic or electroplated bond around each crystal and we can also have a look on this brazed where the material is brazed over this surface. However, though it has some of the salient features and very special advantages which are unmatched by any other technology, but still it is not free of limitations and these limitations are number one we can immediately see that relatively high processing temperature. Now, this high processing temperature means if the size of the wheel is quite large and having some non-symmetry in its geometry then holding the accuracy and precision of the geometry by the post brazing process or even during brazing it will be not a very difficult task and in that the whole brazing cycle has to be controlled with utmost care, but still I mean geometrical distortion in the level of few tens of micron that cannot be just ruled out. So, this is going to be one of the major issue which has to be addressed and relative high processing temperature means there can be little bit metallurgical damage to the wheel base that means the core material which needs also proper rectification that means grain refinement or some post brazing treatment. So, this is just not free of any problem and then most importantly the thermal residual stress and this is very important issue one has to care for say it can be illustrated by this simple sketch this is one grid this is the second one and which are being supported by the substrate material and here we have the braze alloy and this braze alloy by waiting effective waiting it will give this shape. So, that is one of the I mean special feature of the brazing. So, this will be actually shrouded so this area will be covered by the braze alloy so this part will be covered by the braze alloy and here this part is exposed now what happens during cooling of this brazing alloy this is the grid this is the braze alloy and this is the substrate. Now, during cooling the braze alloy because of its high thermal conductivity and thermal coefficient of expansion it will cool at a faster rate and the contraction will be larger in comparison to that of the grid material which can be diamond or CBN and what happens exactly this material which is covered by the braze alloy that will be under compression because of this contraction. However, the portion above that that will be free and as a result one may find out some kind of crack here and this will lead to a disastrous failure and when some force is acting prevalent force then simply this part of the grid that will be separated leaving this part. So, it is not the question of bonding or adhesion problem, but this is just like an adhesion problem because of the thermal stress this can be also illustrated by another example. So, if this is the braze alloy and if it is the ceramic then also we see that when it is under solidification process that means after melting it is being solidified in that case also the portion of the ceramic within this zone that will be under compression. However, this part this part will be under tension it is free this part and this part as a result we may also find a crack. So, this crack and this crack are very similar in nature now why this has been raised this is simply because of the reason that this is one of the major weakness of brazing and this electroplating come as a rescue or come as a solution to this problem. So, naturally one can find out that this low temperature electroplating that is one of the greatest strength or greatest advantage of this electroplating technique. So, this electroplating technique will be used just for anchoring the abrasive grain and here comes the question which type of grain what should be used as the cutting tool for making this abrasive tool. So, what are those cutting points what is the material of this cutting point which is the best suited for this abrasive tool application. Now, as we have already seen that this is going to be one layer configuration. So, it is going to be a one layer configuration and it is not very similar or identical to conventional wheel where you have more or less a composite mass. So, when it is a molding process or molding practice what we take normally it is a mixture uniformly mixed this combination of the bond material and the grit material that forms a composite mass. So, it is a well dispersed mass or the structure, but in this case it is a single layer formation. Now, when it is a composite mass it is not the abrasive wear resistance that is not the big issue because of the simple reason aluminium oxide it is known aluminium oxide is inferior to cubic boron nitride or silicon nitride silicon carbide is also inferior to diamond. So, far as grinding ratio is concerned or wear resistance. However, when it is a composite structure if one grain is worn out then there are several hundreds or thousands of grains which are within this composite body that will appear and that will start grinding action. However, this will not happen in case of a single layer configuration it is only one layer if say this grit is 250 micron quarter of a millimeter in size average size and this 250 micron has to work without fail and reasonably and adequately to the satisfaction of the user and over this period a large amount of material has to be removed without damage or fallout of the grit that is the most important criteria that this grit should not have any kind of premature dislodgement or breakage. And at the same time we must have adequate surface roughness I mean the surface finish and also the accuracy level on the workpiece. So, all these we expect from this one layer configuration of the grit and in that case this electroplating will be one of the solution. So, considering this one layer configuration one layer arrangement it is obvious that the grit material with higher grinding ratio should be obvious choice that is why this aluminium oxide or silicon carbide they are not the first choice rather diamond and cubic boron nitride that means, the CBN these are the material of choice for this single layer configuration and we know that cubic boron nitride that is tailored it is a man made material and that is tailored for all sort of high alloy steel heat treated steel and very special alloy which are otherwise cannot be processed by grinding or machining. Whereas, we also know the diamond is one of the remarkable for grinding the nonferrous family of metal it is metal matrix composite or metal ceramic composite or even ceramic as such. So, these are the two I mean member of the super abrasive family and they can be well used in the single layer tool CBN and diamond. So, it is the preference of super abrasive in electro deposited metal bond just we have discussed this point now requirement of the abrasive material. Now, this material one point we should consider that this material is going to be in the metal bond and this metal bond is a electro deposited bond that means, this material of the substrate that should be electrically conducting the substrate material. Substrate material should be electrically conducting and on that this grits will be placed or position or they will rest. So, this is the arrangement one has to make and then what happens this will be electrically polarized and then this metal ion which will be produced during this electrolysis and this electrochemical reaction this ion will be attracted on this side of the substrate and there they will be neutralized and become metallic in nature and this metal will build up around the grit and it should be reminded in clear terms there should not be not even a single particle of this electro deposited material that should arrive or deposit or it should not be collected on the surface. Then the whole purpose of electroplating is lost. So, when we say it is electroplating it is not exactly the electroplating in conventional term we know electroplating that means, here we have a metal and on this metal we have to put a coating of another material to augment this surface and that we know and when it is electrically polarized we have cathode anode combination and there is one electrolytic bath electrolyte is there. So, which should be a metal salt and then through this process of electrochemical reaction finally, the metal ion will be collected on this substrate which should serve as a cathode. So, this is electroplating direct electroplating, but here electroplating means we have the electroplating in and around the abrasive grids which are nonconductor of electricity. So, one condition that has to be fulfilled that has to be met that this material cannot have any kind of conductivity over their surface. However, this may not always happen and that is one of the point one should remember. Now, this happens because of two reason here we see the super abrasive grit look this is a natural diamond it is a mine diamond. So, from the mine the non gem quality of diamond that is separated and then through this use of the crushing technology they are properly screened and sized, but each grit has a multifaceted appearance. Basically, it is a fractured surface, but then there may be some post crushing polishing process which can little smoothen the surface, but basically when it is a crushing we have a multifaceted surface. By this what we mean that we have several cutting points already available on this grit and at the same time this rough surface helps in anchorage of the grit. If we have this multifaceted surface then this will help in anchorage of the grit in the bond. So, this is natural diamond. So, one requirement is that there should not be any electrical conductivity number one and number two if we can have a rough surface that we always to our advantage enhancing the anchorage of this electro deposited metal on this surface of the abrasive, but at the same time we also see this man made blocky single crystal. It is perfectly grown it is used for very difficult task when this difficult grinding task is assigned to this wheel then we have to have such kind of crystal. However, in this case we have two fold problem number one is that during this growth of this diamond when you have the synthesis when it is undergoing the synthesis process we use many metal as the catalyzer like cobalt nickel and many more. And if in unfortunate eventuality some of this catalyzer like a solvent remain on the surface and that is not removed and it is overlooked then that can become a path or the source of conductivity. And if this conducting path is created when this is placed on this substrate then there is every risk that this metal which is not supposed to sit on this surface that will deposit over and it may in certain extreme situation it can cover only or partly the grit and there will be heavy metal deposit. Ideally metal deposit should be only in the space between the grits and not on the grit. So, in this case what has to be done a special treatment is necessary it is actually removing those metals which are remaining in on the surface of diamond during this process of synthesis and that has to be etched out and this etching process become a part of the preparation or preparatory step to tailor this crystals or this electro deposited anchoring. There can be another way of doing the thing that there are certain process which are practiced in industry. That means, this crystals are coated with a non conducting coating like a plastic coating and then the so called conducting grit may lose its conductivity and without any difficulty that can be used for anchoring on this surface. However, this surface is smooth as we see it is perfectly grown crystal. One thing we can see here that it is a mechanical anchorage. So, mechanical anchorage means surface roughness plays a key role in augmenting the mechanical anchorage and this mechanical anchorage becomes automatic when we have a multifaceted appearance, but just this is not possible because it is a well grown crystal with well defined crystallographic planes. So, in this case we must adopt certain process method technology that how to roughen the surface. It can be thermal etching in a presence of oxygen or it can be some chemical etching only to create some pitting micro pits, micro voids over this surface. So, it can have better anchorage. So, we find that though synthetic crystal has many advantages, but this use or selection cannot be obvious and here at most care has to be taken. So, that this can be well anchored in this bond and at the same time there is no material deposit on this crystal surface because of some inherent conductivity and it is due to the presence of this catalytic agent which are used during the synthesis of diamond. Now when we look at this cubic boron nitride here also we have two types of crystal monocrystalline and microcrystalline and monocrystalline this black variety is very strong here boron percentage is little more than that of nitrogen and here it is amber color where nitrogen is little more in concentration than boron. However, the more important and this is a microcrystalline so it has a better toughness average better toughness than this one, but most important thing here that whether we have excess boron on this surface of this crystal. So, on this surface if we place this C B N particle C B N and if it has excess boron then that could become a problematic in that this boron surface boron which is excess surface boron which can also lead to electrical conductivity and in that case also deposition of this galvanic metal from this electrolyte that is that cannot be just ruled out. So, what is to be done and what is done also in the industrial scale that if we find that excess boron on the surface or the surface is rich in boron in that case what we do something has to be done for chemical etching of this boron and with that also we can get a little bit micro groups or voids over the surface this is good in both ways one is that this boron is totally removed. So, surface conductivity is totally absent and when you have this micro pittings that can also help in enhancing mechanical anchorage on the grit surface. So, this is the way one should consider the various aspect particularly the conductivity electrical conductivity of the grit material and also whether the surface is roughened or if it is a smooth surface then whether it requires thermal etching or chemical etching for roughening the surface. Apart from that what is also necessary that is not from the requirement of plating or anchoring that is from the requirement of grinding that means ability of this crystal to break down in a very controlled manner that means auto sharpening. So, that the crystal always retain its sharpness whether it is the very early stage of grinding or it is the at the terminal stage of grinding initial or final stage of grinding the grit should always maintain the same level of sharpness and grinding capability. So, that one layer can keep the same grinding behavior starting from the very beginning to the end and this is not just a requirement for a grit which are used in composite wheel where the resharpening of the grit is possible. But in this case with one layer configuration resharpening of the grit is just not that easy and this single layer configuration that will keep on providing the grinding result which is more or less uniform throughout the grinding span. Now, requirement on the substrate material this is also very important issue in that as we know the substrate material substrate. Now, on that substrate what we like to have the deposition of the galvanic material. So, this substrate should be also electrically conducting and this bond is not just chemical in nature. So, what is necessary that cleanliness and virginity of the surface is very important and it should be free of any oxidation there should not be any oxide layer on this surface and at the same time the material of choice should be such that it is tough, it can absorb alternating stress, it should not collapse at high frequency alternating stress and at the same time the material to be deposited it can have a good adhesion with this substrate material. So, when we apprehend that this surface can be contaminated by oxide then we should have should take appropriate care of removing this oxide layer and only after that that material surface becomes compatible with the grit material or with the bonding material. Now, steel is a normal choice for making such abrasive wheel, but at the same time hard metal that means hard metal means here we know that it is tungsten carbide plus cobalt that is also used as one of the material for this material for substrate and on which this galvanic material can be deposited and it must have a very good adhesion over which this crystals can be anchored this crystals can be anchored. Now, why this tungsten carbide cobalt is becoming so in interesting for engineering application we understand that if such a tool is used as a rotary tool say for internal grinding or internal abrasive machining on a bore then this wheel this wheel which is a shaft like and it will be held in a collade on the spindle and this will have an overhang about say 40 to 50 millimeter overhang and this may be 10 millimeter that is the width of the working surface. Now, during the thrust force application during this grinding action there will be a force at right angle to this working surface of the material. Now, in this case what is going to happen there will be some elastic deformation of this wheel surface and if we have a better E value young modulus then obviously deflection can be reduced. So, if we consider the E value of steel and E value of this tungsten carbide cobalt it will be at least 3 times than that of steel. So, under the same level of force if we have a tungsten carbide cobalt matrix shaft and a normal steel shaft then with the same level of grinding force we expect one third of the deflection and definitely that will be a good contributor in holding the precision or accuracy of the tolerance or on the dimension of the piece being ground or process by this abrasive tool. So, requirement of the substrate material we understand that one should be that its strength and fatigue resistance and at the same time its adhesion with the galvanic metal which is being deposited and at the same time a high value of young modulus that means the material should be a rigid one. Now, the principle of electroplating we can have a quick look to this electroplating. So, what is going to happen here actually we have one plate which is going to serve as the cathode and we can have another plate which is going to serve as anode. So, they are properly polarized and these are actually put inside a electroplating bath. So, this is cathode and this is anode. So, metal will be deposited to this cathode by this following reaction metal ion plus electron that will give to the neutral metal and that will go on this side and during this process the solution that will be deficient in that metal, but this will be continuously replenished by this continuous erosion of the anode which is of the same metal as that of the metal in the salt solution. So, here it will be metal ion plus electron. So, there will be anodic reaction that means electrochemical dissolution and here it will be electrochemical deposition. So, this way the process will keep on going and here this power source that current density concentration of this electrolyte and these are the process variables which controls the growth rate or the deposition rate of the material. Now, this is going to be used for realization of this electroplated abrasive tool wherein the crystals are anchored over a metal or hard metal substrate by depositing this galvanic material around each crystal. So, there are actually two steps. First step is called the takedown step and this can be illustrated this way if we consider one of the simplest case it is a flat surface which is placed horizontally. It can be also a vertical cylindrical surface too and what we see here that this will be this will be the crystals of the abrasive and this is going to be a diamond bed. So, that means, there will be a container having pores it is almost like a strainer and over that we have one electroplating bath and this is actually submerged in this abrasive bed and here you have high concentration of this abrasive material and then this one the substrate will act like cathode and we can have another plate which will be the anode. So, what is going to happen in this case that this material with this electrolytic solution this material is going to deposit on the surface. So, here what we see that this will be just one cathode and this is going to be anode and this is the anode plate and that is the cathode substrate and here what is going to happen that the layer of the grit which is touching the stop surface of the substrate around that wherever we have the space there will be starting that there will start that will begin the deposition of this electroplated material or galvanic material like this. So, we have large grit may be on the order of say 250 micron or say 125 micron or 90 micron these are the standard size which are used or it can be even low, but the standard sizes which are used for grinding 250, 125, 100 or around 90 micron those are placed and through this capillary openings and space there will be continuous deposition of the material and when we find that a layer thickness is just sufficient to hold a grit just holding them in position it is not at all a good addition just by a finger touch or by little push we can remove this crystals it is just what we call takedown step only to position this grits in place and that means that on the substrate surface this grits are held and this is the takedown plating tank and after this it has to go to real plating. So, real plating means this one and here what we have this is the substrate where the grits are already anchored however with a very weak holding force. So, this is the level of the grit level of the bond material which is the outcome of this takedown process and now over that with this cathode anode action what we can have here we have heavy metal deposition over this surface and that will be build up over this. So, this is actually the actual plating and it will grow and it can grow and it depends upon the level to which it has to be covered say may be it is two-third of the grit height or say six between sixty to seventy percent of the crystal height that we can cover. So, from this concept of wage if we consider these grits as the wage. So, we can see at least more than fifty percent need to be covered to have proper wage action. So, it should be obviously around sixty seventy percent of the crystal that is covered. So, it is just now that how much energy is supplied the concentration of this salt metal salt in this solution and it is just a question of time how this material will build up. But in this case we have one problem that cannot be just overlooked or ruled out that means evolution of hydrogen this hydrogen also evolve and it is also collected at the cathode because it is an aqueous solution. So, hydrogen will be collected at the cathode and during this process what we may end up instead of a plain surface we can also have around this grit. Instead of this nice build up material it can be also like a nodule formation and it can go like this it is also because of hydrogen entrapment and we have this global or nodule formation and this will have a negative influence in that that if these are the crystals our aim is to hold this crystal with adequate bonding and with maximum available space. But if the formation is like this the growth of the material like this that like a nodule formation then it is not going to serve well the purpose because in this case what is going to happen that at the root on the side of the crystal you have little metal and in the space in between the crystal we have high level of metal and it is just not going to serve the purpose of grinding. So, this evolution of hydrogen and entrapment of hydrogen that should be also properly addressed how to remove or eliminate this problem. So, this is actually the electro deposition step. So, with that we can grow the metal layer over this surface and finally, the electro deposited layer will be ready for any abrasive action or grinding action. So, here actually these are anchored this is just not a deposition what we understand by classical means, but it is just the placement of the crystal and then it is actually the deposition of the galvanic material and it is holding by proper anchorage. Now, here what we can do normally what we see that nickel is used as the plating material. So, here we have the grit and this is the platable material the nickel is known for its platability. So, this way we can have the nickel build up after this takedown, but there can be another secondary coating that means it is a multi layer that means a material say for example, as chromium which is much more oxidation resistant and its wear resistance is still higher than that of chromium. So, this layer will be nickel followed by a layer of chromium or other material which can be platable which has the good platability that can be also become a material of choice. So, that will give some kind of wear resistance in this case because of the simple reason that during grinding there can be erosion of this material and if it is too soft in that case this material will wear out leaving no material support and there can be undesirable fallout of the grit. So, this kind of galvanic anchorage this kind of galvanic anchorage is suitable for single layer abrasive wheel for the wheel dressing tool or the wheel twing tool. So, dressing and twing these are two important process and in that case this dressing tool and twing tool with high quality diamond that can be also properly bonded and this can be one useful tool just not for grinding, but for rectifying or giving the shape of conventional grinding wheel like ceramic wheel, aluminium oxide wheel or silicon carbide wheel. So, this plating technology can be well adopted for manufacturing grinding wheel or dressing wheel or twing wheel. Now, this can be also come as a dispersion of super abrasive grain in electro deposited metal bractrix that means, the whole thing can be covered. So, these are the grits with a very high concentration and we can have a composite coating that means, in this case the coating can go up to this point. So, here we have a coating which is composite in nature that means, we have abrasive grit dispersion with high concentration, but that is well dispersed in a metal matrix. So, in this case the grits are not projected, but that is totally covered. So, this dispersion of super abrasive grain in electro deposited metal matrix. Now, this is electro deposited multi layer that also we have mentioned that a chromium coating over a nickel coating that can be used for this purpose with a view to enhancing the wear resistance or some tribological property. Now, reverse plating, this reverse plating is important in that it can it facilitates making or manufacturing of precision abrasive tool. So, here we have to have a dummy substrate. The basic principle like this in normal electro plating the grits are placed like that and if these crystal heights are not same then this peak points are not on the same height. So, they cannot have uniform cutting action. So, what can be done in this case you can also use. So, this is called a positive plating. So, here this is the bond level and this is actually abrasive tool, but this is actually the reverse plating. Reverse plating means we have to invest one substrate. So, here the crystals are placed and then the actual substrate is brought from the other side this is the dummy substrate. So, this is actually the dummy substrate and this is actually the actual substrate. So, this is the dummy substrate and actual substrate and in between the whole thing will go into the plating tank and then the entire area will be filled with this galvanic metal layer. Now the whole thing is filled in now after that what is going to happen that this dummy substrate will be chemically aged. So, that we get a substrate surface where because in this case each point is now on this surface and they are at the same height. So, in this case we get this abrasive layer which are actually at the very beginning they were resting on this dummy substrate, but after that the bonding is carried out by initiating this electrochemical deposition and this electrochemical deposition was continued. So, it could cover the entire space between the actual substrate and the dummy substrate. So, now the situation is something like this. So, this is the situation. So, this is the coverage and what happens now? What we can do in this case we can now. So, these are the crystals which are embedded in this galvanic matrix and this is the substrate actual substrate. So, what can be done in addition that now we can continue etching of this galvanic material. So, that finally, we get a grid in this form and where the bond material can be held like this and each point each point the pick points they are at the same height with respect to this substrate. Now, this type of material with that you can cut uniform, you can provide uniform cut and this will be most important for making the forming, form twing or the form dressing wheel which are used to give the form on conventional grinding wheel. So, this reverse splitting is one of the most precision process for making precision wheel or giving precision form on the wheel surface. So, with that we can make a summary of the discussion like this. High performance super abrasive tool can be manufactured by bonding a monolayer of super abrasive grid in a galvanic metal matrix on a preform of a metal or hard metal substrate. Effectiveness of electro deposited bond depends mainly on the surface property of the grid as well as that of the substrate. Low plating temperature is one of the greatest advantage of this process and reverse plating provides better precision than direct or positive plating.


If you're in a red outbreak area, you can't move fruit from your property. If we stop that movement, we can stop fruit fly from spreading and eradicate the pest. Purser can't do it alone. We need to work together to eradicate fruit fly. If you spot fruit fly or any unusual insect in your garden or find maggots in your fruit, it's vital that you contact Purser on the Fruit Fly Hotline on 1300 660010. And the Fruit Fly website has loads of great information on how you can help as well. Remember we all have a part to play in protecting South Australia from fruit fly.


Hello and welcome to a special Cube Conversation here in Palo Alto Studios of theCUBE. I'm John Furrier, the co-founder of SiliconANGLE Media and also the co-host of theCUBE. We're here with Blake Morgan, who's the, she's the futurist author speaker around the concept of customer experience and has a great new book out called More Is More. Blake, welcome to the Cube Conversation. Thank you, John. Thanks for coming in. So I love that it's a hard cover book. The book is great, feels good. The pages are viewed as really, really good read but it's got a lot of meaty topics in there. So let's just jump in. What's the motivation for the book? Why the book? Why More Is More? So I've been in the contact center space for over 10 years and basically everyone under the sun is a customer and we all know what it feels like to have a bad customer experience. Have you had a bad customer experience ever? Always. Yeah, right. So there's no shortage of work to be done in the space and I think now it's a great time to be in customer experience because there's more awareness about what it actually means. So I wrote the book to basically provide some kind of definition and to really help people understand what is customer experience? Is it customer service? No, it's not. So what does it mean? How can businesses improve customer experience and what do they need to know to get started? Talk about the evolution because, you know, digital has really changed the game. You've seen cloud computing, machine learning, AI techniques, bots certainly. I mean, Twitter came out over 10 years ago. I remember when Comcast Cares came out, you know, that was a revolution. It was this one guy who decided to be on Twitter and we saw that beginning of that trend where you can now serve and touch folks with customer service and experience. But then again, the blinds between customer experience and customer experience is blurring. Now there's multiple channels. Do you send them a Snapchat? Do you do an Instagram? All kinds of new things are emerging. So how do you define as a frame the customer experience in this new context? Yeah, you're right. There's so many channels. It's really overwhelming for a lot of businesses. So I think it's important to really cut out the noise to think about who are you as a business and who is your customer? What does your customer need? And I really encourage businesses to make their life harder to make it easier on the customer because in so many situations, companies make it easier on themselves and make it harder on their customers. For example, say you do tweet a company, they might tell you, hey, now you need to call us and repeat yourself or now you need to send us an email. Well, that's not easy for me as the customer. So it's really all about making customers' lives easier and better. That's the name of the game. So what was the findings in the books? When you did the research for the book, what was the core problem that companies are facing? Was it understanding customer experience? Was it the reimagining of customer experience? Was it just a strategic imperative? What was the problem that you uncovered that was core to this new customer experience equation? So a lot of people equate customer experience with customer service and that's a big problem because for most companies, customer service is a cost center. It's not a revenue generating arm of the business. It's not exciting, it's not a money maker, it's not marketing or sales. And so that's really what people think of when they think of customer experience. But the book is based on this Do More framework and Do More is basically represents an acronym and each piece of this six piece framework represents a different piece of where customer experience lives. So the first D is design something special. The second, I'm not going to read you every, I'm not going to bore you with every single word, but the second is about loving your employees because that's a part of it too. So culture, modernizing with technology, obsessing over your customers, having a culture of customer centricity and embracing innovation and disruption. So these are all varying pieces of Do More, which really helps companies understand it's not simply something that sits in the contact center. For example, let's say you've got your laptop here and you love your laptop, but your experience of the laptop is not only shaped by, say you have to contact the call center, it's also shaped by how that laptop was built and how about those people who built the laptop, were they fighting at work with each other? Did they like their jobs? Did they like their boss? Honestly, that's going to impact your experience. Was it a sweatshop? I mean, there's a lot of, I mean, there's all kinds of issues about social good. Two kind of comes into it with that. It actually does. I write a lot about social good in my book and some really great CEOs today get that social good is important. Like the CEO of Patagonia or Mark Benioff. I mean, you can just rattle off so many examples of stuff that he's doing, whether it's equal pay for women or his huge house in Hawaii where he's housed monks to help them when one of the monks had cancer, actually. And I mean, Salesforce is constantly doing good for its employees and for the community at large. Like take me through your view of how executives should think about customer experience with all the digital transformation because a lot of business models are shifting. You're seeing mobile apps changing the financial services market because now the app is the teller. So you have three kinds of companies out there. You got the customer service-oriented company like a Zappos or you got a tech company like Google or and they don't really have but they're all about product innovation. They got companies like Apple and others that are like the big brand and cult of personality. So you got these three different kind of positions as an example. Each one might have a different view of customer experience. How do you tie, how does an executive figure out how to match the more into their DNA? That's a fantastic question. I think it's important to have somebody accountable to it whether it's a chief customer officer or your CMO because the CEO is ultimately responsible. However, the CEO has their hand in so many things. It's not scalable for them to be so involved on a granular level on customer centric metrics and so on and so forth throughout the organization. So I would encourage a company to actually hire somebody who's accountable who creates even tiger teams across the organization with these customer centric metrics in mind. So everybody's working together and they know that their job no matter if they're in HR or finance or marketing or customer service that their metrics, their performance metrics are tied back to the customer satisfaction. I know you do a lot of talks and you do a lot of speeches out there in events. What's the common question that you get? I mean, what are people really struggling with or what are they interested in? What are some of the things that you're hearing when you're out on the road giving talks? I think it's hard to actually put some of these practices. I think it's actually hard to put some of these ideas into practice. For example, I recently gave a talk at a large technology company down here in San Jose and I presented some pretty wild ideas about actually the energy for influencing change. So how do we keep that high level of stamina with our employees when it's just quite hard to sometimes even keep up? And I remember I gave this speech, I talked about a lot of very eccentric ideas about self-management. Like when you're a worker you need to take care of yourself because the corporations never going to give you a pass to let's say rest or do what you need to do to feel good, to be good at work. And I noticed some of the people in the audience were all texting each other and afterwards someone came up to me and said, you know, we're all texting each other because you say these things and the speech was purchased by the leader of the company. However, when it comes to actually working here, that's not really the vibe here, that's not the culture. And so I think that a lot of even the best companies today still struggle every single day with some of these ideas because when you do more, when you work harder than others, it's tiring, it can take its toll on employees. So how do you keep people fresh? Fatigue, yes, it is an issue. So how do they solve that? Because again, it's experience and the employees themselves represent brands. How do you put some of the solutions for that? Yeah, so it's normal that people in these big companies feel fatigue when they're working harder for the customer. But it's really important for people to just manage themselves because no one is going to give you permission to take 10 minutes to go for a walk, take 10 minutes to go meditate. So it's really about management, providing the room for employees to breathe and also modeling it as an example. If leaders just work 24 seven, it's all about the grind, the grind, the grind. That's not a healthy culture. So they need to push their people but also give them some kind of safety that they can take care of themselves as well. So talk about the book target. Who's the ideal candidate for the book? Who are you writing the book for? And what do you hope to accomplish for the reader and the outcome? So I write for Forbes and Harvard Business Review and Hemispheres Magazine. And I have a lot of different types of readers because customer experience really affects everybody in business. So it could be the CMO. It could be the Chief Customer Officer. It could be CEO. In fact, the CEO of 1-800 Flowers wrote the forward for my book, Chris McCann. So this book is really relevant for a wide variety of people who are interested in making their company more competitive. That's a great point. So let's drill down on that. Customer experience just doesn't end in a department. We've seen this in IT information technology where it's a department. That becomes now pervasive with cloud computing. You see social media out there. So customer experience has multiple touch points. Hence the broad appeal. How should someone think about being the customer experience champion? Because you always have the champions that kind of drive the change. So you got change agents and you have kind of, I mean their preexisting management in place. What's the human role in this? Because remember, you've got machines out there. You've got bots and all this machine learning technology out there. It's important that the human pieces integral to this, right? I mean, what's your view on the role of the person? Yeah, I am not anti-technology. I'm not anti-bot. I'm excited about the Amazon Go cashierless stores. Amazon Go stores. But I do feel that technology can help us without totally replacing us. I think that we need thoughtful people in charge of these technologies to lead us to make smart decisions. But you can't just let the technology go. I think that can be really scary. We've definitely seen so many TV shows about this. You can't blink without seeing another TV show about robots taking over the world. That's always a concern. What's the biggest thing you've learned from the book? What was the key learnings for you personally on when you wrote this book? Well, writing a book, there's a lot of learnings. I actually had my daughter, I was pregnant while I wrote this book. And so I think for me to be totally candid, it was a lesson in patience and working through that period for me being pregnant and having all, so I was like giving birth to the book and actual baby.  You got a lot more than book coming. Well, congratulations, how old is the baby? She's 16 months. Congratulations. Thank you. Well, thanks for coming in and sharing about more is more. Blake Morgan, futures author on the customer experience, more is more, it's the CUBE Conversation, really an impactful thought because customer experience transcends not just the department, it really is a mindset, it's about culture, it's about a lot of things and certainly in the digital revolution, it is really going to be fundamental. Thanks for sharing. Thank you so much. I'm John Furrier here in Palo Alto Studios for CUBE Conversation. Thanks for watching.


All right. Great. Thanks for coming out, everybody. Today, my name's Michael Ford. I'm from MiDakura. We are a software networking overlay, a plugin for Neutron. We also do Kubernetes. We do a lot of container and Docker work. We are founding members of the project Courier for containers. I oversee all of our field SEs. I'm director of technical services. And what I want to show you guys today is our latest product in terms bringing more operational tools into SDN's inside of OpenStack. We have a product that's called Mem Insights that we released. And also another product that's pretty cool that we've been demoing for the first time at this conference, which is Mem Fabric, which I'll talk about. I apologize. My slides are designed by an engineer me. So the last ones were pretty snazzy. So let's get right into it. What is Mem Insights? It's a complete analytics platform built on top of our open-source Meadonet. Meadonet is a completely open-source technology, but the operational tools that we bring are kind of the proprietary bits on the enterprise side. So with Insights, what you get is you get a full health overview of your entire system. And this is super critical, and it's one of the biggest pain points that we hear most when we're talking to operators of OpenStack Clouds or Docker or containers, is that they need a way to see at a very real time the status of their network. We call the features that we call real-time flow tracing is kind of the bread and butter of what people will do in an operational environment. This gives you the ability to see when a packet comes out of VMA on Compute A, goes to Compute B at VM2 over there, normally that process is kind of a black box, and nobody's able to see what happened to that packet. So with real-time flow tracing, you're absolutely able to see that. Insights also has a dedicated flow history back-end that is based on loosely on an elk cluster that we could do storage. And so this is really important when you're talking about compliance, when you're talking about security aspects of a fully operational cloud. You can go back and search flows and history of what VMs were doing at specific times in the past. So with that, I'm going to get right into a demo and I just kind of want to talk about what we're doing with Insights here. Let me come on. There we go. So this is the control panel for Mem Insights. It's a very simplistic view when you're going to log in. And so what we're showing here is our Meadonet Manager 5.0, which is Insights. So when you first log into the platform, the first thing you're going to see is a health status of your entire ecosystem inside your OpenStack. This includes all the hosts that are running our agents, the bridges, the routers created, how many tenants, all the ports total inside of the system. And also, if you look at the bottom right, you're going to see about what's our VTEPs. And so Meadonet itself can act as a OVSDB controller and program top-or-act switches. So that's a pretty important feature to our customers. Now what we're seeing is when you click on the host list, you're going to see every host inside your OpenStack cloud that's running the Meadonet agent. And when you click into the agent, you're going to be able to see the statistics that's happening on that node in real time. So in this case, we're saying, this is the throughput that's coming on this complete physical compute node. So you can go through, take a look. You can see if the status of the agent's up. You can see how much traffic is going across it in real time. So you can also spot performance problems. So if you have a VM that's kind of saturating the entire link, you can see these problems. You can also go back one week. What was this compute node doing for an entire week? Seven days, one day, one hour. You can delve down into it and see it in real time like we're seeing here. So it's really handy when you if you have some complaints from some customers or users, you can kind of click through there. But you can also see agent configuration items. And so now we're moving configuration of the entire platform out of the CLI world into a GUI world where real operators are going to be kind of maintaining this cloud. So here you can see all the different kind of metrics and items that you can change. You can also do stuff with our BGP gateways and changing BGP timers. In the next case, we're going to talk about the routers that we use. So we started at the host level, which is kind of an aggregate view of everything that's happening on that specific compute node. But in this case, we're going to click on an edge router. So this is something, if you created an open stack, you would see all of this inside of the platform. With the router now, you can see, OK, how many tenants are going through a specific router. If you have a single router and a tenant, you can see all the traffic that's going through it. And so now you're starting to get a more granular view of what's going on inside your platform. So this is pretty slick. And then when you kind of go down, you can also see all the routes. Anything that a typical network engineer would want to see, they can see it immediately through a GUI, which is where the entire open stack platform is going. So now what we're talking about is this is the trace request, and this is going to be kind of the most important aspect of the product. What we're seeing here, these are traces that you create. So if you have a user who says, ah, I can't ping between two VMs, what you could do is you create a trace with the dropdown. You pick a tenant or device, whatever you want to do, and then you pick the device name. And you're going to set match conditions. So you say, OK, well, tenant A can't ping between the two VMs, so I want to see ICMP between x value, whatever you're going to put in here. And so when you do that, you'll create a trace, and then you hit the Start Trace button. And it will allow you to see all the flows coming between those specific items that you put in there. So you can see on the bottom it says zero flows traced. When you hit Start Trace, it'll start counting off the flows. And so this is storing them in real time for you. And then what you could do is you click into the actual trace itself. And when you're inside the trace, now you see, OK, well, this was IPv4. It was ICMP. These are all the flows that matched it. You see the specific bi-directional flows, too. Since it's a fully distributed platform, the connections can go anywhere. So you see both return connections. And then if you really want to get some more advanced data, you hit Show Trace Data. And this actually shows the entire simulation of what happened to the packet in that flow.  We pull that into a central platform like this. And the next logical step to this is that was real time. Now we're talking about flow history. With flow history, we're storing everything on a cluster in the back end, so a database cluster. And you're able to go back as far as your storage will allow to see exactly how many flows per second. Specific flows that you're looking for, a specific VM. You could do a site-wide search, too, for you could just type a VM name. Or if you even know the UUID, you can type it in. And you can pull all this type of information out. So in this case, we're looking at the ICMP from two VMs, the destination IP. And then you can also show the details. And so we're storing all the details. And this is where it gets really important. When you look at the Flow Visualization Table, that's the actual path the packet took in the network. So this is all virtual stuff, but you still have to simulate this so you can see exactly where that packet hit through every single device and port that's inside the metonet overlay. So here you can see which router, which port, which security group rules it hit inside of the metonet. And then you can see the jump rules here. You see the protocol types. And so this is how you're starting to manage everything that's going on inside of the system. And so this is real operator tools for real clouds. Where all of us are starting to get out of the kind of just playing around with the open stack. And it's very serious now. So we need tools like this. So checking out security chains. It needs to be done in a very fast and efficient way where you don't need a degree in engineering just to see what's going on with your overlay. And that's kind of the point that we're reaching right now. It's still going through the demo here, but you can kind of see this is the return flow. You can see the bridge that it was attached to, what ports in the bridge. And then in this case, it's actually going north-south out of the cloud. So the edge router concept is the open stack concept that we consume. And that shot it out in BGP, and it returned on the different BGP links. So that's the insights platform. I want to show one more thing in the demo here. Also with Flow History, what we're going to give you is metrics, too. And this is super important to everything that you're doing. So when you put in a date range inside of the Flow History, you can see what top tenants, top VMs, if you can identify problem VMs. Some guys saturating your 10 gig links, just doing Tor or Bitcoin mining, whatever you want to do. You can spot that really quickly through this platform. And you can do it of an aggregate amount of time. So you can say, I want to know my whole data for a year. I mean, if you want to store that much data, you can do that with Mem Insights. So the next logical step, though, when we're talking about what operators are doing, that's cool. We're seeing everything that's in the virtual world. But what about the physical world? You want a single pane of glass for tools that you can troubleshoot both the physical and the virtual layer. So we came out with a product and we just released it. It's called Mem Fabric. It's in tech preview right now, but you can definitely take a look at it. What the Fabric module is, it's kind of a plug-in for Insights. And it works in conjunction with open switch software. So the likes of Cumulus, Dell OS10, everything like this, we have an agent that we can run on these Linux switches now. And so what this allows us to do is a lot of different things. But it adds in underlay information to your flow history and flow tracing. So now we start seeing some crazy stuff, and I'll show you that in just a second. Yeah, so the other point to being able to see what's going on with the underlay is the fact that you need to understand if you're having congestion, something that's causing packet drops that you're not aware of that you won't see in the virtual environment. You just see a packet that just went missing. And you're like, okay, well, it was accepted. It, you know, all the rules match, but it still got dropped.  So I'll do a little demo of the Mem Fabric. And it's going to look very similar because it's still going to be the Mem Insights interface that you're going to use. But in this case, we have a topology with a spine and leaf switches and a cross topology. Inside this cross topology, we have two tours. They are a bunch of 10 gig NIC ports and one with a 40 gig connection that traverses it. So what we're going to do is we're going to initiate pings between two 10 gig servers. So they're pinging across the switch topology. And then what we're going to do is we start a basically congestion over the 40 gig links. We start saturating the entire system. And so in this case, we have two different pings. They both have two different DSCP values so we can see the different flows inside the system. So when we start the traffic, this actually will slow down VMs because the switch ports are being overloaded. And so the way this correlates into the platform here is, well, you're going to see the high round trip time here in a second. But when you go into the flow history here, now what we're going to add in is the fabric portion of it. So just like we did before, you're going to click through. You're going to see a bunch of different information but once he gets here, he's going to do a match flow. Same thing. So this is how you're searching your database basically right here. So you search it, now we pull back the same information we were just looking at in the last demo, but when you scroll down, you have a show path button now. And so this is where we're going to start getting into the interesting stuff. When you click show path, what it's going to do is it's going to show you the exact path through the entire topology that packet took. And once it clicks through here, I'll show you. And so this is a very easy visual way to see, okay, well, the virtual simulation happened but it never made it. Where did it die? So when you look here, this is the entire topology. All the compute nodes, the spine switches, the leaf switches, everything. You see the blue lines indicate the egress path and then the ingress path is coming back in a different route. But that 40 gig link that we were saturating there, you see it, it's colored red. He's showing you right now that when you click on the actual device, you can see all the ports that are active on it and you can get more information from there. But the key point is you just have a quick visual way. You're like, oh, there's a red box there. Red means bad. So you can take a look. Okay, that's a congestion event that's happening. So now you can, well, there's some future stuff that we'll do that I can't talk about right now, but so with that, you just kind of see exactly what's going on. So red, sorry, red is packet drop events. So in this case, the actual switch port itself is being overloaded. And so it's dropping some packets. The orange means congestion. And so you can, if you think about what you could do with a larger environment, you could start shifting traffic as needed to make sure that you're giving the best quality and service to all of your end users. So he's taking a look at two different flows right now. So we're seeing that was the initial egress flow for the 10 gig side. Now we're looking at the 40 gig side. And you can see, in this case, it's not hitting congestion events because it's going out a different switch port that's not being overloaded. So you can do some cool stuff on your switches there. So this adds into the MEM platform itself and it gives you to what I feel and what all my customers tell me is the kind of tools that they need to, like I said, be able to fully operate the entire OpenStack cloud. So that's going to be it for my demo. It was very quick. I didn't want to put too much fluff into it. Just wanted to get to the details. So please come by, see us at booth CA if you guys want to know more. We can also do a live demo over there. I did videos because the internet was being a little wonky, but so come see me and I appreciate everybody for coming. Thanks.