to see level rise, don't we? We knew that a long time ago. This is not a term we never heard before, nor is climate change a term we never heard before. As a matter of fact, the whole world is devolving into Scotland next week. And we should be very concerned about it. It is the biggest story. And Brian Glazer of the, of the, so West and marine research there is directly involved in sea level rise because he measures it and he has a lab which has a sensor which is going to measure it along the East Coast. So this is very important for us to know what's going on. Welcome to the show, Brian. Thank you, it's great to be back. So, yeah, let's talk about climate change for a minute. You know, you must think about climate change day and night. And what are you thinking these days? A lot. It's, it can be very depressing and overwhelming and that should be a call to action. And at the same time, we shouldn't be paralyzed because there are some reasons to be excited. For example, as bad news as there is in our climate in general, there are opportunities to turn a corner and there's a really interesting and pretty exciting opportunity to blend some of the technologies that have been developed in the last five years even that we didn't have access to 10 or 30 years ago when we started to realize climate change would be a problem. We now have access to tools that we didn't have five years ago. So why is your sensor and your project and the measurement of sea level rise in various places along the East Coast and the world? Why is that important to dealing with climate change? Yeah, it's a great question. And part of it is because of that access. And so it's really important. I'm not an engineer. I'm not a programmer. I tell people all the time, I'm not a physical oceanographer. I have no business going out and measuring sea level rise except that I dabble in each of those. I'm an observationalist, I'm an oceanographer and I'm interested in these kinds of questions. And what we saw in about 2014, 2015 was a very significant problem in that there was a lack of granularity. And so the spatial scales that we need to make measurements to really understand that climate change is not a linear effect. We're seeing increased reactivity from our system because of climate change. The responses are nonlinear, they're changing more rapidly than we had anticipated and that's impacting people's lives. So I'm not out to change how NOAA or NASA predicts sea level rise on long terms. I'm not out to replace those kinds of rigorous time series data sets. But what we're out to do is be able to gap fill so that if you don't happen to live next to a NOAA tide gauge, now all of a sudden we can provide access so that you're able to measure water levels that are important to you and your watershed. So the world as it is in every other way you can think of is changing dramatically and maybe accelerating that change. And so a given person in a given community along the water really needs to know how he or she is going to be affected because he may need to move. He may need to reorganize his property and his life because of climate change sea level rise. This will help him or her predict how his property and his life is gonna be changed and affected, right? Absolutely, billions of people are affected by accelerated impacts from climate change and the climates and oceans are changing at unprecedented rates. And there's a fundamental problem that goes along with the problem of climate change in that previously it has been cost prohibitive to measure the environment at appropriate scales to meet people's concerns and needs for these intensifying challenges. My lab group has been working with the folks at Pipe Iohaea for over almost 20 years thinking about biogeochemistry from a cultural and environmental resilience perspective in a beautiful place and how we can make use of some of the emerging contemporary tools to face those challenges that exist in these places today that didn't exist 400 years ago or even 100 years ago. And so it's been a really interesting evolution of taking advantage of some of the technologies that have come out of the smartphone industry and lower cost sensors and then applying those to these modern places that have challenges that exist today and folks are actively trying to repair and restore. So I heard the word fish pond in there somewhere. Can you talk about that? Absolutely, and so we don't have to think about climate change on scales of 10, 20, 30 years or in terms of mortgages, we can think about it today. Fish pond is located only a couple of miles away from the nearest NOAA tide gauge and yet depending on moon phase or wind setup tide predictions can be hours off and half a foot off or a foot off. If you're operating a nonprofit organization and relying on volunteers to come help you move rocks or remove invasive species at low tide, you need to be able to plan for that and that happens in places like Heia. It happens with another 15 different local Ea restoration nonprofits that we work with throughout the state and there's a hunger outside of Hawaii. It's not just a Hawaii problem, of course. And so that's what led us to grow beyond a research project that was only operating in the confines in my lab to think about this demand that's out there beyond Hawaii. Of course it's about sensors and sensors will tell us more than they used to for sure. I'm fascinated with sensors. We'll talk about your sensor and how you make it but query, once you get the sensor information you're gonna process that, you're gonna analyze that, you're gonna have software that will sort of create a mesh network over a geographical area and we'll come up with some conclusions that we need to hear about. How does that work? You write the software and what does the software do exactly? Yeah, great question. There's multiple parts of this and so what we're really all about is that democratization of ocean observing technology. That's a mouthful but we're basically dragging coastal oceanography to where meteorology was 50 years ago. Today anybody can do one click on Amazon or walk into Walmart, buy an anemometer, put it on your roof, download an app and know exactly how fast the wind is blowing at your house. Insurance companies have taken advantage of this for decades in terms of storm response and payouts and people get a genuine interest out of that. We haven't been able to do that for water quality or even water level parameters until very recently and so what we did with my group is working with folks at Pipeye and others identifying the problems that are most targetable with emerging sensors so we can maybe pull up the picture of the sensor and I can show this. When NOAA, when the federal organizations go out and install a tide gauge, it's a $500,000 installation. It takes a team of technicians many days to install occupying a space on a pier. When we do it, it's very small and compact. We can build this using undergraduate or recent graduate level engineering experience. We're getting the same resolution data out of those large expensive commercially installed packages and we can box this up and FedEx it to you overnight and in days we can help you identify a site, a location and then also how to install these and then give you the URL. So what we're really trying to do is bring that whole experience that we do all the time in academia and oceanography labs, identify the problem, find the right sensor and right tool to do it, telemeter data through the cloud back into a server so the customers don't have to worry about this and then provide access to that through a web enabled URL. So making it the whole process very easy. We're not stopping there, right? I mentioned that the sensor data that we're getting is just as rigorous and just as accurate as more expensive solutions. We also provide quality insurance and quality control on every single sensor data feed. That's something that typically we as scientists don't have access to. We'll have a graduate student funded on a project, look at the data, make sure the data are great. So the real jump in this, what made it scalable, we were encouraged by our funding agencies as well as the University of Hawaii to think about how do you go and take this beyond the watershed scale to really make it scalable? Can it be commercialized? Initially I was a little reluctant to do so but we were getting enough demand that we had to and so it's every piece of that though. You can't just sell a high quality sensor to a community group without the expertise to deploy it and maintain it, ingest data, do some data science, provide quality insurance, quality control, plot it and then interpret it. And so what we've really done is try to automate that whole process by taking advantage of some of the emerging modern data science tools that again are available now and weren't five years ago. Let me see if I got this straight. I write to you or I sign up on a request form on the web. I tell you, please send me a sensor. I get the sensor, I get installation instructions, I put the sensor out in the water, say in the off New Jersey for example. And then I somehow connect that up to the internet through my computer and my computer talks to your computer and your server is analyzing the data comes off that sensor. And then you're gonna tell me stuff I wouldn't otherwise know about sea level rise or whatever else the sensor is checking. And all of this could be done by everybody along that waterway. And so you have your, it's a distributed data collection, isn't it? And everyone could be involved, right? It is, and it's even easier because you don't have to hook it up to the internet. It's cellularly connected in most places. And so you literally just provide the installation, set it up and we're making sure that the data are coming in of high integrity and then we distribute that to you as well as predictions. So now not only do you have real-time sensor data in a place that previously didn't exist but you also have predictive analytics to go along with it so that you can say, all right, we know, NOAA is really good at saying, hey, October 16th, there's gonna be a King Tide event, right? What NOAA falls short of is saying, well, how bad is it gonna be at my road or my backyard or my place of work or business? That's where we can help to gap fill with not only real-time measurements but also those predictions. Does this involve maps of the land as well as charts of the water? Absolutely. And that's where the exciting part of this starts to get and maybe we can pull up the middle map there of South and North Carolina just to show a little bit of the scale of how big the problem is. I mentioned that we were getting a lot of demand for this once I would go and give a talk at an academic research conference and three or four people would come up and say, hey, we need sensor data for tides at our location and it expanded from there. What you're looking at here is about a 400 mile stretch of coastline from North and South Carolina and it might be a little hard to pick up but what you'll see is maybe about seven or eight blue pins those are your tax dollars at work, federally installed NOAA tide gauges over a 400 mile coastline. NOAA only maintains about 300 of them nationwide. So there's just not enough funds to maintain all of those expensive stations. All of the purple pins are now ones that we've been contracted by cities, counties, municipalities, nonprofit organizations, environmental restoration groups, environmental consultant firms, aquaculture groups who say the same thing. Look, we love what NOAA does but the nearest NOAA tide gauge isn't good enough for us to do work and react to the intensifying changes that we're seeing from climate change. So we've been federally contracted now. This is a project that's in cooperation with NOAA's integrated ocean observing system Southeast Region who is now working in partnership with 54 different communities and have contracted us to actually provide that data. So we work with the stakeholders who actually say the mayors who are waking up at 3 a.m. wondering, hey, is my town flooding? Do I need to deploy sandbags or emergency services? We work with the nonprofits who are engaged in environmental restoration projects. And ultimately there's a huge value in these large aggregate data sets for insurance industries, reinsurance, real estate, all of these other non-government and commercial kind of higher growth markets are also gonna start to awake to the idea of episodic flooding from king tide events, from storm surges, from rain events, from sea level rise, like they have done for wind events over the past 10 to 15 years. Suppose my name is Joe Dokes and I care a lot about climate change and I wanna do something. I wanna be part of the effort to deal with it. And I write to you or I call you and I say, Brian, I would like to have one of these things. I'll pay for it and I'll install it and I'll feed the data back to you. And on that map, you just showed us that I could be another node, couldn't I? I could be feeding data into your larger analytic and helping you. And so it would be, if you wanted to care about things and be community-minded, you could do exactly that and participate in the effort against climate change. Am I right? Absolutely. And so maybe we can go ahead and pull up the website so folks can see hohonu.io. And so you can go there and drop us a line and what we do is we work with stakeholders who are concerned who are saying, the nearest NOAA tide gauges aren't close enough. We identify the watershed with users. This is what we do as researchers, academic researchers. We come up with a data collection strategy with those stakeholders and then we help them through that deployment. We take care of all the data delivery, give you a URL so that you're able to actually just focus on what are my data saying? And then we also offer some additional accurate predictions and proactive response options. If you know your watershed as well as we hope you do, you know it way better than we do. And you know that when you have a plus seven foot tide at Folly Beach, that's going to be some flooding and you're going to need to deploy sandbags. But what we're now able to do is provide the accuracy in the airbars to say, well, how bad, how close are we getting to this? And do that three, five, seven days in advance. Who are these people? It's an amazing team and we've been very deliberate in making the decision to launch hohonu. Hohonu is a public-private partnership that launched from research in my lab at the University of Hawaii. The University of Hawaii is a partial equity owner and so it's in the best interest of our state to try to push forward and do something about episodic flooding. And to UH's credit, they were quick to recognize that. We have, Nicole Elko is a co-founder and a great friend of mine from back in high school and college days. She's a rock star of coastal geologists. She's one of only three civilian advisors to the Army Corps of Engineers and she's located in South Carolina. Without her, I never would have been able to launch this endeavor. Likewise, Stanley is my lead engineer. He's an RCUH employee. He's a co-founder of the company with me. Again, we wouldn't have launched this endeavor without him. He's an amazing engineer. He can build anything, hardware or software and he doesn't sleep. He's just absolutely amazing. I can't say enough good things about him. Because of our unique relationship with being a public-private startup, we have benefits from the research that goes on in my lab. And one of the funders, funding agencies that funds the R&D in my lab is the Schmidt Family Foundation from Eric and Wendy Schmidt, former CEO of Google. And so they also fund a data science institute that's based at the University of Chicago. And so Daniel Grazenda was another photo there. He's responsible for serving the data science needs for a lot of different Schmidt family grantees. He likes us a lot and he also serves as our lead data scientist. So he's the one taking care of the background analytics as well as some of the front end. We also have another coastal geologist in the Northeast, another great rock star coastal geologist, Dave Wall. She was a grad school friend of mine. He's located in Massachusetts. So regionally we have the domain knowledge between myself and Nicole and Dave to identify places, think about watersheds, think about hyper-local flooding issues and then work with communities to do so. We've got the engineering expertise in Stanley and a team under him. What we were lacking before we decided to launch HoHoNU officially was that business expertise and how to run a startup. There are a lot of similar overlaps between running a research laboratory and running a startup but there's a lot of nuanced difference as well. So the vice president for research and innovation, Vasili Sermos was asking me, I think you should commercialize. What do you need? And I said, I need expertise. I need a mentor. And he was amazing. He introduced me to Donovan Kealoha who many folks may know. He's also a founder of Purple Maya Foundation which is a great organization here, 501C3 in Hawaii that works for educational outreach mission. So Donovan is also a venture capitalist and put me in touch with a couple potential COO type folks who have business and startup experience. We were super fortunate to meet Kevin Mukai who's there in the upper right. He's our full-time chief operating officer comes with startup and IoT and operations experience. So we've got an amazing team that I could talk another hour for if I had it. So commercialization, what does that mean in this context? It suggests just as a matter of nomenclature that there's a profit here somewhere. How do you, how do you do commercialization for the project you have described, Brennan? Yeah, it's a great question. And so the unique part of transitioning from a research project where this is online item on a research grant and you publish a paper and you graduate a student and you move on to the next hypothesis driven question is that episodic flooding, there are still research questions to be done but a lot of it is known. And really right now it's phase to operation. Here's what we need. We need to measure the water, where it is, where it's going, how it's flowing and when. That's not really a research project anymore. And the value in providing that, people are willing to pay for. And so that's what allows us to not operate as a non-profit research project but actually as a for-profit company because we do, we provide this data as a service to folks at a price point that they're willing to pay for because the data has value and the price point is low enough that we wanna be able to keep folks who typically didn't access this, give them access to it. But at the same time, it's enough that we're able to operate as a for-profit company. It's elegant. It's a website, isn't it? You subscribe to the website and you get the analytics on the data. Simple, brilliant. It is. And so there, you know, other folks have done this kind of data as a subscription. I think we're the first to really do it in a coastal episodic flooding, sea level rise. And it has a lot of different applications for federal programs, as well as for those individual and commercial end users. So did Vesela Siermos also tell you that you should get a patent on your sensor? So the Office of Tech Transfer at UH was great throughout this entire process. They didn't, initially they didn't know what to do with me. They're very routinely looking at taking technology out of the engineering program, applying a patent to it and then licensing that to a larger company or biomolecules or something like that. And I was saying, well, we're selling environmental data. We're not, the hardware isn't really the bread and butter or the secret sauce. They said, well, how do we patent it? And I said, we don't patent it. We sell access to the data that's enabled by the sensor. I said, but, you know, the sensor's changing all the time. We're out innovating ourselves iteration after iteration. And now with COVID, the supply chain, you have to because certain parts aren't available that were available a year ago. So we made, again, kind of the deliberate distinction to not try to patent the hardware so much as keep the intellectual property wrapped around access to data that nobody else has access to at that scale. And then providing back in analytics that others won't be able to do because of the scale, the distribution that we have. Well, that's great. Looking back, looking back at the sensor for a minute, you have one with you. Can you, can you show us the components of the sensor? Yeah, absolutely. And this is, you know, our first iteration, we started down this pathway in about 2015. Some of those are still working today, but we've gone over a lot of iterations. I guess if I hold this right in front of me, we won't get blurred out. At the bottom, this is a commercially available ultrasonic sensor. And so this whole device is mounted above a water level. And this cone is pinging down like a dolphin or a bat, measuring that air gap, that distance to whatever. You can mount it in your driveway and you get a flat line because your driveway isn't moving. You mount it over a water level that's tightly influenced. And as water comes up and down, that's what we're interpreting as distance to water. So from that signal, we come into here with some signal processing and some other proprietary analytics that we do on board, prepare the signal, a little bit of averaging. And then there's a cellular modem inside as well that then telemeters the data back to our servers. Initially, when we started off as a research project, this was coming into servers that are, you know, individual computers in my technicians lab at UH on the SOS network. If we have a power outage in Minoa, that all went down and we were lacking data. With the company, what we've done is we've transitioned so that everything is coming into Amazon web services. And then that gives us a little bit of redundancy. It also allows us to do all of those back-end analytics for quality assurance, quality control, flagging of data that might be anomalous or sending out alerts that are triggered by high water events. And the other thing, the final component of this too is that there's a small, we've worked a lot on power management. And so that just a small three and a half watt solar panel is enough to keep these maintained in the field indefinitely. And as I mentioned, rather than take a team of technicians and appear to go out and install it, we can, you know, box this up in FedEx at second day air. We sent three of them to Fairbanks Alaska last week and they're now deployed on sounds around Southeast Alaska. So how do they do in rough weather? How do they do in ice? You know, do you find that they're indestructible or are they destructible? Oh, everything's destructible. You know, the first rule of oceanography is if you want it back, don't put it out in the field in the first place and electronics and saltwater don't mix. That said, technology has come a long way to allow us to prototype and go through iterations. One of the neat things about 3D printing hardware now is that we get good enough resolution that we can print a custom bracket to hold this solar panel onto an otherwise very inexpensive PVC tube. And so there's no water ingress pathways. The solar panel helps to protect. And same at the bottom. This is a 3D printed end cap that is custom for holding the sensor into, again, a PVC tube. Five, six years ago, just to go prototype something like this working with a mechanical engineer or a design team, that would have been a $125,000 project just to do the mechanical engineering on that. Instead, we had undergrads interning in my lab who were learning 3D printing and an additive manufacturing skills, learning modeling and helping us prototype how to move this forward and really efficiently and keep the cost down. So aside from the electronics, which I think you could probably get from Amazon, the PVC can be from ACE hardware down the block and the 3D printer, you could get one of those and print out a lot of parts that way. And really all you need is an anchor, right? You need an anchor to maintain position and to maintain the depth, right? Absolutely, it's very easy to install. There is one trick, we need to know its altitude, its absolute altitude relative to the planet and that allows us to compare our sensor data to know a sensor data to other sensors that we have around. So there is still at this point, a little bit of a requirement of needing to know how to survey the elevation of these sensors in once they're installed and our colleagues around the world or so far because of the mission of democratizing access to ocean observing technology are willing to help us out with that at a cost effective price point but physically installing the sensor is very easy. So you share this device, you shared with other academicians and if I was Joe Dokes in Copenhagen, you would likewise share it with me there, right? Exactly, right now and we're trying to find out and again, the challenge for me has been wanting to keep the democratization idea and affordability in the DNA of the company as it was in the research programs and we're able to do that right now. Right now, all the data that we're getting at Ho Honu is still freely available on the web. You can go to that website, hohonu.io. You can access the dashboard, the data dashboard and look at all the sensors we have deployed in 14 states and be able to see and interact with that data where we're moving forward in the business model is being able to sell subscriptions to aggregate data so that users who don't have deep pockets and want need access to this data, quite frankly, underserved communities need to know flood data as much as highly funded insurance companies and so that's the balance that we're trying to find is how do we sell aggregate data to users who can afford it also providing freely available data to the users who need it and might not be able to afford it? Yeah, that's an interesting question on the commercialization side. So what comes to mind though is the future. Right now, you've explored the technology of the sensors. You've looked at Hawaii fish ponds and the like. You're getting in with NOAA along the East Coast, all moving rapidly in terms of expanding the notion but what about the world? The world is your data, Brian. It's everywhere. How are you going to get everywhere? Are you planning to get everywhere? And how are you going to do that? Yeah, absolutely. And just like it's not just a Hawaii problem, it's not just a US problem. And in many places, it's even worse outside of the US, especially throughout Pacific Island nations. We're working with American Samoa right now to find funding to deploy 50 of these sensors throughout the American Samoa Islands. We have plans that we've already been getting demand from other international partners. Part of the challenge is a little bit of the tech stack to change and modify a couple of things that we'll need for different cellular providers in international markets. We are raising a round of funding right now as a startup to be able to deliver on some of those. What a great project. So let me ask you to answer this question and to leave the message you want to leave with our viewing public. Number one is why should they care about this startup? Why should they care about this technology? And then what message would you leave with them to carry away right now? Yeah, great question. And so my day job is still the same. I'm a professor of oceanography at the University of Hawaii and we launched a startup based upon technology that we developed in my lab with student help and with technician help from UH. And so UH doesn't get the same kind of reputation that a Stanford or an MIT or Berkeley do for launching startups. And environmental tech and climate tech right now is hot and it's one of our strengths at UH. So I think there's a lot of opportunity for two things to innovate in this problem of climate change that goes beyond solving research problems and solving applicable problems. And I think it also specifically with Ohonu and what we're trying to do is keep it in Hawaii rather than move a company like this to California. You know, all of the values that I was taught by working in fish ponds are still ingrained in the DNA of Ohonu. We want to keep it here. In 17 years at UH, I can only think of a few of my students who have landed jobs here in Hawaii. And so if we can start to diversify an economy with climate tech here in Hawaii, how great would that be? Very great. Very great. Bryant Glazer, University of Hawaii professor of oceanography, research, marine research and the progenitor of Ohonu, Ohonu, a startup that we are going to hear much more about in the years to come. Thank you so much, Bryant. Thanks a lot for having me, Jay. Take care. All the best.


So, today we will start a new module called transformations and wetting to correct model in adequacy. Here is the content of this module, it consists of variance stabilizing transformations, to linearize the model, analytic models to select a transformation and finally, generalized and weighted least square. So, before I start talking about this module, I want to talk about the objective of this module. So, for this you know you first recall the simple linear regression model y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 x plus epsilon, where the epsilon is the error term and similarly, in the multiple linear regression model, we have capital Y equal to x beta plus epsilon and while fitting the simple linear regression model or multiple linear regression model, we make some assumptions. The first one is the error term say epsilon i is the error term say epsilon i has expected value is equal to 0 and variance is equal to sigma square and they are uncorrelated and also we assume that this error terms epsilon i, they follow normal distribution. So, normal with mean 0 and variance sigma square and epsilon i are independent and identically distributed random variable. So, this normal assumption is particularly required to test several hypothesis. On regression coefficients and also to find the confidence interval for the regression coefficients. Now, in the previous model called model adequacy checking, there we have studied different techniques to check whether the basic assumptions we made whether they are satisfied or not and the purpose of this module is that if the basic assumptions are not satisfied, if the sum of the assumptions are violated, then how we can handle the situation. So, here first we will recall particularly that residual plot was very important to check the basic assumptions and then we will study in this module how to handle the situation if some of the basic assumptions are not satisfied. So, first let me recall the basic assumptions. Residual plot which is a very important tool to check whether the assumptions are correct or not. So, suppose you are given a set of observation y i x i. So, y i is the response variable and x i is the regression variable and you are given n observations and then you know how to fit a simple linear regression model like this. So, y hat is equal to beta naught hat plus beta 1 hat into x and once you have this fitted model, you can find the residual. The i th residual is y i minus y i hat. So, this y i is the observed response and this is the estimated response and e i is the difference. This is called the residual and this is also you know more specifically this is called the regular residual. Now, what is residual plot? Residual plot is the plot of residual e i against the fitted response y i hat. So, here is the scatter plot of the residuals against the fitted response and this is the line e equal to 0 and if you see the residuals are sort of centered about the line e equal to 0, then the model is a satisfactory model and here this sort of plot you know suggest that the assumption variance sigma variance of epsilon is equal to sigma square is satisfied. Now, look at this scatter plot here forget about this two lines. So, if you see this is called the outward open funnel. If you see the residuals here, you can see the residual value increases as y i hat increases and this is called outward open funnel and in this situation if this occurs, then we sort of conclude that the constant variance assumption is not correct. So, we cannot assume that variance of epsilon i equal to sigma square for all i. So, this is not true and what actually happened here is that you know here the variance of epsilon i increases as y increases. Now, instead of this outward open funnel, it could be like you know inward open funnel that means e i the residual decreases as y i hat increases. So, in that case also the constant variance assumption is not satisfied and in case of inward open funnel variance of epsilon i, we say that variance of epsilon i decreases as y increases and the other situation could be this is called double bow. So, here you see the scatter plot of the residual and this sort of scatter plot occurs when y i is a proportion and y i y is the response variable y is in between 0 and 1. So, this sort of scatter plot also indicates that the constant variance assumption is violated and here is the final I mean the fourth scatter plot here this sort of scatter plot is called non-linear and this sort of non-linear scatter plot indicates that the relationship between the response variable y and the regressor variable x is not linear. So, now if you see that using the residual plot or some other technique you learn in model adequacy checking, if you see that the model assumptions are violated then generally we specifically if the constant variance assumption is violated then the we consider some transformation either on the response variable or in the regression variable to make the variance constant. So, the usual approach to deal with inequality of variance is to apply suitable transformation to the response variable or regressor variable. So, first we will talk about the variance stabilizing transform variable. So, first we will talk about the variance stabilizing transformations. So, what we assume is that variance of epsilon is equal to sigma square. So, this is what called the constant variance assumption. So, now if the constant variance assumption is violated the cause is often that the response variable does not follow a normal distribution. So, let me take some example say example one or suppose the response variable y follows Poisson distribution with parameter lambda then we know that expected value of y is equal to lambda and also variance of y is lambda. So, here you see that the variance of the response variable is a function of expectation.  So, in this case what we have to do is that we take some transformation on the response variable to make this variance constant. Now, if you take the transformation say y prime which is equal to root y and then you regress y prime which is equal to root y on x and you can check that it is not difficult to check that variance of root y is independent of independent of mean variable okay. So, the second example example two suppose the response variable y is a proportion in between 0 to 1 and when y is a proportion between 0 and 1 we have seen in the residual plot that the residual plot sort of follow double bow pattern and here we take the transformation y prime which is equal to sin inverse square root of y to make the variance of variance of the response variable constant well. So, if you see that the constant variance assumption is violated then in that case you know most likely that the response variable is not from the normal distribution it follows some other distribution where the variance is a function of mean and we have observed in case of Poisson distribution if the response variable y follows Poisson distribution then the transformation we took is that y prime is equal to square root of y to make the variance constant it is not difficult to check that variance of y prime is sorry variance of y prime which is equal to variance of square root of y is constant and similarly in case of if y is a proportion between 0 and 1 then we take the transformation y prime is equal to sin inverse square root of y and the question is how do you decide about this which transformation to take. So, in this variance stabilizing transformation we will learn this we will talk about how to decide on which transformation to take to make the variance constant. So, y is response variable and y has mean mu and variance sigma square and the situation is that this variance sigma square is a function of mu g mu. So, that means variance of the response variable y is not constant it depends on mean and now the question. So, in case of Poisson distribution the variance was equal to mean and in that case in case of Poisson distribution. So, this g is identity function. So, depending on this g we will try to find a transformation on y say call it f y such that the variance of f y is constant it does not depend on mu. So, how to find this transformation f on y. So, that the variance of f y is constant well.  Now, let me talk about Taylor series Taylor series of real or constant. So, this is the variance of real or constant. So, this is complex function say f x that is infinitely differentiable in a neighborhood of of a real or complex number say a is f x equal to f a plus f prime of f y. So, this is the variance prime a by one factorial x minus a plus f double prime this is the double derivative at a by two factorial into x minus a whole square like this. So, this Taylor series is is a polynomial approximation of the function f at a neighborhood of a point a. So, here we are looking for a transformation f on y and what we do we do not know what is this function. So, I mean we do not have the idea about what is this function at this moment.  So, I am considering Taylor series of f y up to the first term and this is in the neighborhood of mu and I am ignoring the higher order terms. Now, I am considering the Taylor series of we will calculate the variance of you want to make the variance of u constant. So, the variance of u which is equal to the variance of f y this is equal to f prime mu whole square into variance of y I hope you know you understand that variance of this is equal to this quantity because because variance of y minus mu is nothing, but variance of y and this variance of y is a function of mu. So, this one is equal to f prime mu whole square into g mu replacing variance of y which is equal to g mu. Now, if we choose the function f such that f prime mu square is equal to 1 by g mu then the variance is equal to 1. So, if you can choose a function f such that this is true then you are done. So, this is equivalent to f prime mu is equal to g mu to the power of minus 2. Then if this is if you can find a function f such that f prime mu is equal to this because g mu is given then variance of the transform random variable. So, we are looking for a transformation of y such that f y has constant variance then variance of u which is nothing, but variance of f y is equal to f prime mu whole square 1. So, let me give one example to illustrate this idea suppose the variance of y sigma square is approximately or proportional to k mu time q. So, that means what I am trying to say is that g mu is this quantity. So, g mu variance of sigma square variance of y which is sigma square is a function of mu and that function is equal to k mu to the power of q. What we want is that so we want f prime y equal to g y to the power of minus 2. So, looking for a function f or transformation on y that is f such that this is true. So, this is equal to so this then f prime y is proportional to mu to the power of minus q by 2. Let me check you know maybe I have made some mistake here. So, I made a mistake here. So, this is so f prime mu is to the power of minus half. So, here it is to the power of minus half and this quantity. So, we want a transformation f such that this is true and from here this is y. So, now you can check that f y is proportional to y to the power of 1 minus q by 2 if q is not equal to 2 because if you take the derivative of this one you will get back this one and it is log of y if q equal to 2. So, here is the transformation. So, what you see here is that if you see the response variable has variance sigma square which is a function of mu to the power of q which is a function of mu and the function is mu to the power of q then the transformation you have to consider is this one. Now, I will talk about several commonly used transformations. Suppose the relationship of sigma square and E y and the transformation here. Suppose the relationship between variance and mean is this sigma square is proportional constant then you do not need to take any variable transformation no transformation because the constant variance assumption is satisfied here. Suppose sigma square is proportional to expectation of y that is the case where y follows Poisson distribution and here you can check that mu the variance is proportional to mu that means q is equal to 1. So, you put q equal to 1 here right and then you put q is equal to the transformation you have to take is f y f y is equal to y to the power of half. So, that is root y square root of y. Now, if sigma square is proportional to expectation of y is proportional to expectation of y square then q is equal to 2 here. So, you put q equal to 2 here and then sorry q equal to 2 here and then f y is equal to log y and this is the case when y follow y follows exponential distribution this is the case of y follows Poisson distribution. Now, if sigma square is proportional to expectation of y to the power of 3 then q is equal to 3 and the transformation f y is equal to you can check that this is y to the power of minus half. Similarly, if x sigma square is proportional to expectation of y to the power of 4 then f y the transformation you have to take on y to make it constant variance is 1 by y. I mean this is if the function g mu is of this form you can find the transformation very easily, but suppose if sigma square is proportional to expectation of y into 1 minus expectation of y this is the case when y is a proportion between 0 and 1. So, in this case f y is equal to sin inverse root y. So, this is the this is all about variance stabilizing transformation. So, what is the basic message from this technique is that if the constant variance assumption is violated then most probably the response variable is response variable follows some some other distribution not normal distribution like Poisson distribution or it might be the proportion. And here we talked about if the constant variance assumption is not correct or if the assumption is violated then we learned about the technique how to transform the response variable to get constant variance. So, next we will talk about transformation to transformations to linearize the model. So, here what happened is that you know given a set of data one response variable and one regressor variable or several regressor variable. We assume a linear relationship between the response variable and the regressor variable and the assumption of this linear relationship is just a starting point you know occasionally this assumption might not be correct. So, if the relationship between response variable and the regressor variable is not linear how to detect that. So, the best technique to detect or you know to get some idea about the relationship between the response variable and the regressor variable is the scatter plot of response variable and regressor variable or one can also go for the residual plot. So, we will talk about several non-linear relationship here and there are some non-linear relationship between the regressor variable and the response variable which can be linearized easily by using some suitable transformation. So, here if the relationship between the variable is between response variable and regressor variable is non-linear. So, the non-linearity may be detected by a scatter plot or residual. Let me give one example like example one. If the scatter plot of x of y on x suggest an exponential relationship between x and y then the appropriate model would be model would be y equal to beta naught. So, this is e to the power of x beta 1. So, what it says is that given a set of observation say regressor variable and the response variable you first find the scatter plot and if you see the scatter plot indicate sort of suppose this is the scatter plot well. So, if the scatter plot indicates that the relationship between y and x is exponential then the appropriate model for this one is y equal to beta naught e to the power of x beta 1. And this is the scatter plot this is the exponential relationship between y and x when beta 1 is greater than 0 and it could be like this also. This is also suggest this also suggest exponential relationship between response variable and regressor variable, but here beta 1 is negative. And if the model is the relationship between y and x is exponential then this model is in fact linear. This model is linear because this is equivalent to the model log y equal to beta naught e to log beta naught plus beta 1 x. So, the transformation here the transformation here you are taking is y prime equal to log y that is all. So, the final model is y prime equal to beta naught prime plus beta 1 x. So, even if you see that the relationship is exponential between the response variable and regressor variable then the appropriate model is this one. And then you can transform this model to this model to a linear model. So, here given y x you transform y to log y log y and x and then you then you fit a linear model using this data using this transform data. So, a function that can be linearized to by using a suitable transformation is called linearizable transformation is called linearizable function. So, there are some functions which can be linearized by using a suitable transformation very easily those are called linearizable functions. Next, let me talk about some more example. So, you are given response variable and the regressor variable you fit the scatter plot. So, if you see the scatter plot is sort of you know centered about the line. So, this is the line y equal to x then you go for of course, you go for linear fitting. But, if you see the scatter plot is centered about this curve or maybe the scatter plot is centered about this curve. And then the relationship between response variable and regressor variable is sort of polynomial it is not a linear relationship. It relationship is y equal to beta naught x to the power of beta 1. So, this one is the case when beta 1 is greater than 1 this is the case when beta 1 is equal to 1 and this is the case when beta 1 is less than 1, but greater than 0. So, as I told before there are some non-linear relationship which can be easily transform into linear form these are called linearizable function. So, this one is also a linearizable function because you can easily make it linear by taking log function log y is equal to log y is equal to beta naught plus beta 1 log x. So, the transformation here you are choosing is the transformation are y prime is equal to log y and x prime is equal to log x and the final model is y prime is equal to beta naught prime plus beta 1 x prime. So, given the data y x you transform that given data to log y log x and then you can see you know if you plot the scatter plot for this transform data perhaps you will get the scatter plot centered about a straight line and you can go for a linear fit. So, one more example is here. So, this is the scatter plot of y against x and if you see the scatter plot similar to this you know which is centered about this curve then the relationship between y and x here is y equal to beta naught and plus beta 1 log x for beta 1 greater than 0 and this one is same this one is for beta 1 less than 0 and it is very easy to realize that this is linearizable function because because here you just take the transformation x prime equal to log x and then the model become y equal to beta naught plus beta 1 x prime. So, given the data x y is equal to beta 1 you transform that to log x y and fit this linear model and I give one more example and then stop here. Suppose you scatter plot is centered about this curve or this curve then the relationship between y and x is again a linearizable function here y is equal to x by beta naught x minus beta 1 and this one is for beta 1 greater than 0 and this one is for beta 1 less than 0 and you can transform this to linear function because yes you can take say what is 1 by y 1 by y is equal to beta naught x minus beta 1 by x and so here 1 by y is equal to beta naught minus beta 1 by x. So, what transformation you are taking here is that transformation is y prime equal to 1 by y and x prime is equal to 1 by x and the final model is y prime equal to beta naught minus beta 1 x prime. So, what you have to do is that given the data x y if you see the scatter plot is similar to this one then you take the transformation 1 by x transform data 1 by x 1 by y and fit a state model. So, this is what we want to mean by linearizable function. So, if you see the relationship between the response variable and the regression variable is not linear and if it is similar to one of these thing you can take some easy transformation on the variable and then the variable and then the problem is equivalent to fitting a linear model between the response variable and regression variable. So, thank you for your attention.


Welcome to the annual Defcon Goodbye Channel. This meeting was held at Exciting Las Vegas, Nevada from July 9 with the 11, 1999. This is video tape number 31, Macintosh Security. Today we're going to introduce the next speaker, but I wanted to give a little background on what's been happening in the Macintosh scene, as it were. A lot of people seem to think that Macintosh is unhackable. I read this numerous times recent article by Adam Penenberg that quoted somebody.  Well, it's not true, it never has been. Back in 1, 2, when the law first started, I started a Macintosh cracking archive, a hacking archive. It would keep little programs, little tools, Mac versions of crack for a new pack of cracking and other various tools. They were all for free, which was big back then. Some of the ad-ease crackers for Macintosh. I just put them up on the FTP site. Everybody laughed at me when I did it, and the other law members no much was like, nobody wants that stuff. We put it up, and it was immediately a big hit.  I was really surprised at how well it took off. Eventually, the RACMAC archives moved on to the web from the straight FTP server, which was now running MacSE. We moved on to the web, I webified the entire site, put links up, and the archives kept growing and growing. We released RACMAC archives CD volume 1, which is now sold out, has been for a while, and there will not be a volume 2. A very, very popular site. I was very surprised at how many other people out there were working with Macintoshes and doing that sort of thing. So it's a very popular type topic. It's unusual because you don't hear about it very often. You hear more about the NT, the Windows, Unix, maybe I've ever talked about Mac OS. So RACMAC is going strong, it's doing well, lots of hits, lots of people looking at it, downloading stuff, uploading stuff. The RACC released a CD, a thousand copies sold out. But my interest started to go elsewhere, and RACC has sort of fallen by the wayside as I've taken over Hacker News and some other duties. Unfortunately, RACC hasn't been updated in a long time. A lot of people have sent me an email saying, hey, when are you going to update RACC, when are you going to get new files up, when are you going to do this, when are you going to do that, fix the broken links, etc., etc. So I'm going to get about a mile on that. Unfortunately, I don't have time. When RACC started, it was the only resource to get Macintosh utilities. And so, I felt it was sort of a duty to put it up. But lately, recently, last year or two, we've had some other people who have sort of taken over the league, as it were, for Macintosh hacking. I mean, that's who's here today. The Freakings Macintosh Archives and SecureMac.com is now the probably the premier Macintosh hacking sites to get your information and your tools. So, what I'm going to do today is I'm going to officially declare the RACC Mac Archives in Mothballs. It's not going to go down, I'm not going to take the site down, I'm not going to move any of the software that's up there. But I will officially Mothball it so that people won't expect it to be updated. And I'm going to link to Freaky here, Freaky's Macintosh Archives, and basically pass this embarked upon from my archive over to his, so that we can now have an official site or resource where you can get your Macintosh information. So, without further ado, I will introduce to you Freaky from Freaky's Macintosh Archives. Alright, I don't know how many of you people actually own Macs, or how many people just... Alright, I'm going to go over some different stuff here, Macintosh security, what Mac OS offers in security, the programs out there, and the people who make the security programs. So, alright, stuff. Okay. Damn mouse.  People who put out the software out there don't put any time into it. They actually just do it for the money. Yeah, there we go. There's a few companies out there that actually have worked with me and Freaky's Macintosh Archives, SecureMac.com, to improve their software. Freaky's Mac Archives puts out the cracks for all different things. One of the software out there made by PowerOn Software is called OnGuard. Right now, they are, in my opinion, one of the best software companies out there for the Mac, because they actually care about it. Most of the other software companies out there just kind of say, I don't care, your site's nothing. So, when OnGuard was released, it kind of just removes the wonderful little encryption that it uses. And a couple days later, they fix that and made it stronger. And this isn't my computer. All right. Magic Key is an Apple Talk boot-force cracker. It's made by someone named... Yeah. It's made by System Cowboy. He's worked with me in creating some of the software out there. He's one of the people that keeps Freaky's Mac Archives running, because people check back daily to the site because they want to know what's out there. What this program does is it boot-force attacks the Apple Talk password file for the server, which we're not running on here. And it spits out the passwords. Pretty nifty stuff. All right, other software out there, like Ad-Ease. Who out there actually uses Ad-Ease still? Nobody? Yeah, Ad-Ease, man. Ad-Ease is the simplest program out there to actually bypass. There's a hundred different ways. System 7.6 is going to have a kind of... It's going to have a beefed up version of Ad-Ease that supports encryption and other nifty stuff like that, so they're going to try to bring it back. Different ways to bypass Ad-Ease. Start up this spacebar, shift key, fire replacement. Turn it off. And who out there uses foolproof? One person? All right, foolproof is kind of fun. School districts like to use it. K-12 environments and some spiffy agencies out there didn't want to be named. But they use it for their security environment and most everybody has come to realize that it's not secure. And the ways to get past it, there's programs out there that'll decrypt the password. There's, again, the startup disk, spacebar, shift key, fire replacement. It's hot in here. All right, for remote security, like, your Mac is pretty secure remotely unless you actually put something on it that makes it insecure like a server. Program out there made by Parallon Software, screen-to-screen. It's like Timbuktu or PC anywhere. Somebody named Prozac made a crack for it. It'll let you log on as a minister from any computer. Parallon Software doesn't know about it yet. But it'll be out there. And the school districts really use it a lot to watch people. Another one out there is made by a guy named Guido. Remote admin extension. Has anybody ever used that? That's a cool program. His new version has keystroke logger. What it basically is, it's like back orifice. What you guys know, it's a little extension that sits on the computer and lets somebody log in remotely, take control of the computer, do file sharing, all that other stuff. He kind of retired doing that, but I'm sure his source code will be out there. I mean, he could have used a better programming language, but it's kind of cool. For web servers, the one that comes bundled with OSA is the MS personal web server. That's cool. There was a denial of service attack for that. It was fixed pretty quick. Another problem I noticed with it is when I tried to remove it, I left one of the extensions on and my computer wouldn't start up ever again. It's a good server. Why 2K problems for the Mac? It's not going to be any.  I started in the Mac community because Riesel site was turning down and I wanted to do the best site out there, so I put up the site. SecureMac.com is a Macintosh security site that covers it in the nice ways, so school districts and teachers and parents won't get pissed off if their kids are looking at Freaks Mac archives. Let me see if I have that locally, maybe. I was supposed to have a tower computer down here, but it never got down here for some reason. So thank you and thanks for the guy who let me use this computer. NoGuard, what this program does, it's for Power On Software's OnGuard. It has the emergency code when you log in. When you have OnGuard on your computer, you'll see the login screen. If you type in emergency, it will come up with the code. You're supposed to call Power On Software and tell them they'll give you a recovery password. This program does that without you calling them so anybody could mince for their password again. That was cool. Alright, for other Macintosh security programs, there's MPower Pro that's used in more professional businesses. It's pretty cool software. It's rather secure compared to the other ones. I can't use the mouse. Some other things I like to talk about are alternative OSs for the Macintosh. These make the Mac environment more or less secure. Rather less secure because you're dealing with multiple platforms and each one has your own security problems. OSX has its own problems. You're dealing in both BSD environment and Mac OS environment. As far as server, it's very cool. It works really well, but you have twice the security to deal with. That's a denial of service attacks against it already, which will be on Freak's Macintosh archives in the morning. There's one exploit for OSX right now. It's just a CGI buffer overflow which makes the computer go wacko and it dies. But there's going to be more out in the morning. There's going to be a remote kind of exploit to get root. That'll be out in the morning or the day after that, whenever I wake up. Other software out for the Mac that I suggest you use if you want to get more into the security part of it ResEdit, which is a resource editor, which is good for changing stuff. If you have that on a floppy, it'll save your life sometimes. MacBugs, good for the people out there who like to crack the software. I don't know who would do that, but it's out there. MacPaint, because it's the best little art program out there in Resources. As far as the remote and main extension, Widow has gotten a girlfriend, so he's kind of turned over the project and realized that real basic sucks for a programming language. So that's going to be rewritten by somebody named More information will be on the web page tomorrow. A nifty little program that's going to be out is going to be called Fink. It's made by a guy named Jindal. He's helped me out a lot. There's money of exploits and denial of service attacks. Everything's supported for Unix, for Windows. This guy's making a program that'll change the Unix source code and allow it as a plugin and you'll be able to do all of that from nifty attacks, root, all that stuff from your Mac. So you just drop it on the folder.  It's pretty cool. For all you people who like to look at source code, you can take a look at that. It's made by Prozac. It's a pretty cool program. It cracks Authenticate, which is a Macintosh security program. Another one of those programs that were made to make money. As far as keystroke, logger's detection, there really isn't any internet detection intrusion software for the Macintosh. There's schools. Everybody has problems with keystrokes, keyloggers. You can't tell when they're installed. You can make it so it's not noticeable. The program will be released on that to actually remove and show the log files for it. If you have, like, invisible erases on your computer, you make it invisible. You change the extension name to some system-signing name. You can, like, log everybody's strokes forever. Are there any questions? Hotline servers are kind of secure. They actually update it once in a while. Hotline communications is nifty. Check out Karacho. Karacho is a file transfer program like Hotline, chat, everything. It is good. It supports multiple servers. People use it to download shareware and other programs like that and to meet people. Hotline, there has been some insecurities with it, making links to people's hard disks so you can actually download anything from their disk, upload a file, whatever.lnk, and you'd have access to that. As far as denial of service attacks, there have been a few for mostly just sending login requests and server requests. They have a program somewhere. There's a program on my website, which isn't here, but it deals with hotline security. It has a good document on it and how the actual protocol works for it. It's good to look up at. Anybody else? The Apple Network Assistant. Yeah, I haven't used it for back orifice type stuff. We'll have people take a look at that since it's cool. Anybody else? How secure is Mac DNS? I'm not quite sure about that. I haven't really dealt with Mac DNS. There has been a lot of good reviews for it as far as software, but those don't matter. There is a poisoning attack for most DNS servers. Is there one for Mac? What is it? Anybody else? My address is freaky.staticusers.net. Freaky, F-R-E-A-K-Y, that's staticusers.net. Or www.securemac.com. Your choice. Anybody else? All right. Would anybody like to know about any other security products that they may use in their office, work, home? All right. F-Secure does. There was a new version of BetterToma SSH that came out about a week or so ago. So they've been working on that. Hasn't been very complete or successful yet. Excuse me? For the Mac? Cool. F-D-Telnet? Nifty Telnet. All right. Yeah, I've used that. Nobody could use it in the US. The US don't do it. Anybody else? Any suggestions of what I should talk about more? Besides what? Throwing out a window? Is it a Mac? Fun, malicious things you could do to a Mac. Well, it depends on how smart the user is who uses it.  Malicious things. Put keystroke logos on it. Put remote and extension on it. You could really screw with people's minds. If there was a network, you could send up messages and other things like that. There's an extension control panel out there that'll make your Mac look like windows. I do know something called GoMac. It'll give you a little start-by as far as a full display. I'm not sure of that. GoMac sucks? I don't think so. Guy, come back. So don't use GoMac. Suggestion of that guy over there? Woo-hoo! Now we start. No, I, no. Any other questions? Any software? X server for Mac, a good one? There's one you don't have to pay for. Go to Hotline, look for a shareware version. And I think it really grossed. Hold on. This thing's rock. Yes, there is. When the Macs read the disk, there are viruses out there. There haven't been any new viruses out there for the longest time. So any cheap program like disinfectant, which has been discontinued for about a year, it will catch it though. And you can execute on it. Unless with the B-tree on it. There's a little fun and annoying stuff like that. And more Mac virus stuff. Alright, I need some technical support here. Yeah. Alright, we're going to reboot into Linux. An alternative OS, maybe. I'm trying to find the power key on this little socket. Power key. No go, I tried it. Oh, that was the enter key I was holding down with it. How long do you expect to connect with us? Within a week. I was told by some member of some group that it would be open, the source code. So that'll be out within a week from some of our pro-owners. There's a program out there currently, Macbac Warshes. It doesn't support really anything. But it'll still let you connect. So you could be cool and own Windows boxes. Any other questions? Yep, you're on the corner. Alright, give me this. Sure, of course. Password protection program, as far as startup or file security. Arm guard. It works pretty well even though it's easily hackable. I'm going to port stuff. Do that export. Oh yeah, we won't export outside of the US either. Cool. So, go to hotline. Yeah. Oh yeah, this is a pretty cool computer. I'm taking it home with me. Any questions? Private file. I haven't actually checked on that, but I did email the author of most of the encryption programs out there. And I remember getting a not-so-technical response back. A generic. Hey, it's secure. So, if you trust him. Any other questions? I'm a hat. Alright, now that we're back up again. Key killer is a program for keys off. All it does is go to the pref file and cracks it. And it turns keys off for extension 1.3. And of course, the company of the software company hasn't made a crack for it. Fixed for the crack yet. You have any questions, sir? Anything else? I don't know any offhand, but if it is, it'll be on the site. Freaky.staticusers.net when I wake up. So, what other software programs do people use out there in their home and office? WarDialers. Okay, as far as WarDialers, a guy named Simon says, is he in the crowd? You want to come up here? He was actually going to demonstrate. Seek and destroy 4. Okay, I have three discs for special people out there. Seek and destroy 4. It's a new WarDialer for the Mac platform. All the way in the back. In the front. And off of it all. Yeah. Let's see. It'll be up on his site when he wakes up also. If you want to get it, if any of you know Apple communications, they'll probably have it. Ebola, run by a vaccine. He's, I don't know if he's in the crowd. Okay, good. Apple's dead. Thank God. You can get it at Ebola or on Krocho. I run a Krocho server called...  Sorry. Yeah, you can get it on Acid, which is acid.msc.net, I believe. Okay, I'll see if this is actually the test that has it. Does it have a flopper? No, it doesn't. Okay. Well, since we don't have a computer here to use it, I'll just talk a little bit about it and what it's going to be leading up to. It's new. It actually works as an easier interface. I don't know. Let's see where to go. Sorry, I remember because I have to look at it. Future release is actually going to support multiple modems. It doesn't have... It's not like a super duper, like any change from any loadout that's out there now, except that it's kind of like the predecessor, or it's going to be the predecessor of the Lightman project, like it's kind of in quests it's working on. The Lightman project is actually going to be... He went out to make the best loadout for the Macintosh and add features that other systems have that us poor MacLS souls don't have in a word that way. It's going to support area code databases. You can see it's going to have... So you can stick on a wave file or a simple send or whatever and say, oh, I'm sorry, wrong number. So when you call it, it'll just play that if it doesn't get a carrier. Probably going to fax recognition. It's going to have a blacklist so you can type in local numbers of where don't dial 911, don't dial the police department or your local federal investigation places. Also it's going to have a terminal which is going to show you everything that's being sent to the modem so if there are any problems you'll be able to figure it out and take a look at. Easy to read out. It's not just going to be a bunch of gobbled text with empty boxes in there and wondering what else is going on. Trying to think what else it supports. Any questions so far about it? Right now it's in beta, beta 3. It's private so you can't get it and you won't get it until it's public data. No, that's... You can distribute that. Any questions at all? I know what else to say. No, walk on. They all stick in the CD drive. No. Okay, that's about it for that so if there are no questions I will start making beatbox noises until the microphone in three seconds. Two. One. Thank you very much. Support your local freakers and... One question. You mentioned you can play wave file on getting a carry. Is that support for all modems? Right now I don't have any kind of beta that has that feature supported yet. He's working on it. That's not on Seek and Destroy. Seek and Destroy 4 by the way is based on Seek and Destroy 3 by Boris at Dillon.UK. It's on the what all about screen. Basically requested. He checked out the source and he basically rewrote all of it and he just called it Seek and Destroy 4 because it was based on the other guy's code and yeah, that's about it. For beatbox noises, we're just going to sit down now. Thank you. Any other questions? Yep. I have no clue what you just said. Oh yes, there's lots of those. They're on freaky.staticusers.net. And they work very well. They're old. Now like, BTNMF has changed at all. So now I'm in the progress of porting stuff over. VO2K. Bad. Anyway, while this is going I'd like to thank you all for coming. I'm kind of out of stuff to say. Port scanners. AG Group has put out one. PC, Mac, whatever. It works very well. There's BP scan which scans for remote vulnerability made by a group called Broken Pipe who dropped the project. Logic made one. Again, all this stuff is on my site and you can search for it and you'll find it all. What's that address? freaky.staticusers.net Anybody else? Can you sniff? Yeah? There you go. Yeah, Etherpeak, their demo has expired even when you download it from their site so go to Hotline and look for it. Yeah. There's some down there. Hell yeah. Any other questions? I don't get one. Getting kind of personal, aren't ya? I love it. Alright, thank you all for coming. Goodbye.


Hello everybody and welcome back here to the channel. I'm evil rabbit We're here on shijoku on the cut-up servers been seeing a lot of people driving in these in these dens of traffic situations We're in a BMW Wagon and we're gonna be going full-time. I got super on my tail so Wrong choice going through this section, but he's gonna get next to me now We're gonna be chasing down the Supra now So I've been seeing a lot of people doing this traffic stuff and it seems a lot of fun So we're here today to actually have a little fun with it. It's actually quite intense He's just banging red line. Oh He wants to go he's gonna go and probably three two one go.  Oh man, oh Yeah, I couldn't make any try to do the fast and furious and failed on that one. Oh These semis are getting really kind of Wonky around here. This is extremely dense traffic. Oh, I should cut over there Nope, so I would make it in front of that. It's definitely not what's gonna happen. So I Don't think this wagon would fit under there. Did we lose the Supra? Is he gone?  I really want to get past this car And that lights off so it's a little bit blinding Can't see what's going on the other side of this Van but oh Don't want to do that. There's so many cars. I should have I should have ducked in underneath that I thought I could make it man. This is definitely so much traffic Super dense Man, I could probably could shot around him. We got to get around the semi So a lot of people I guess I hope Supra's back. We need to find a way to get around this semi We got that Supra in our mirror right now. I guess I could have shot over there and got around a bunch I'm kind of in a stuck situation. This is like driving in Florida on I4 in Gridlock traffic. Oh We got a big gap here. We're gonna take we got a huge gap that we're gonna take to that Supra's right there Oh, no, we're gonna die. Oh, oh, no, I couldn't grip. I could not take that turn I thought I could make it That was not the right call. Oh, man We unfortunately Kind of wreck on cheese. Oh, no, I'm just getting full of our in it by a semi Make it turn.  Okay Huge traffic jam as everybody stopped It's a Supra. All the Supra stopped him. He kind of lost control there though Got a little room to run out Now we don't we'll get a little loose on that Blinded by the Supra cutting through traffic though. Other than that one little crash That would have definitely hurt. Where's that Supra at? There he is. Oh Man, so it's definitely a lot of fun just cutting through traffic and trying to not crash That's super is gone. Oh my Yeah, that super is gone.  Oh, what's big attention? Oh No Mr. Supra, you weren't gonna make that So if you guys are on the cut-up servers, let me know down in the comments what your favorite car is on these servers I know they have the JDM server and everything up now We'll take that Johnson You get a little bit ahead that soup. Oh, did he wreck again? Oh, he died We're gonna When I come to a stop here See if we can't get the Supra to come back up funny I get a little bit of ground on him That car is much faster than mine I'm a bad dude You can try it. You can try it again. I mean we're gonna try it. I Cannot see where I'm at though. Oh He went the other way. Oh, we've split with the Supra Which probably means we're gonna be by ourselves for a while unless he comes around this way A little bit of root cam don't lose it.  Thank you guys for coming back and watching. I'm Evil Rabbit. I'll see you guys on the track


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