Devil Fruit users are complex individuals saddled with profound powers and crazy curses. And most users wield these powers quite well, although some of them are simply beyond terrible. So which of your favorite characters going to be declared the worst Devil Fruit users in the entire series? Well, let's find out. Hello and welcome to the Grand Line review your source for everything one piece. And today it is time to examine the vast pits of mediocrity in the series, as we embark on a grand journey to discover the worst Devil Fruit user in existence, as well as 19 of their closest friends. Although we do run into a mild problem almost immediately, because aside from personal opinion, how are we supposed to definitively determine who is the very vaguely defined worst Devil Fruit user in one piece? Well, science, that's how. Marvelous, delicious, hmm, science. As such, I have gone through all 141 Canon Devil Fruit users in series, assigned them scores based on segments of criteria that I will explain shortly, and then pressed a button in Microsoft Excel that sorts all of these results from lowest to highest. Thus illuminating our greatly disappointing performers. And just while we're here, please do alleviate some degree of the madness I've incurred making this list by subscribing to the Grand Line review, which will also result in regular lumpy content being uploaded straight into your YouTube feed. Because you have no idea just how thoroughly I've thought about fictional fruit for your benefit, yes you. But I do hope that you enjoy the results and please do comment down below if you're a new member of the Grand Fleet. Now, if you would like to skip straight to the list, then you can go to this time, but I would recommend you stay for an explanation of the methodology. Otherwise, the results may be confusing to your brain thing. And for those who don't care, may I suggest you stay anyway and I shall direct your attention to these suggestive images of Bill Hancock playing on loop in the bottom corner here. So you just keep your attention there whilst I speak to the adult members of the Grand Fleet. Essentially though, every Devil Fruit user in the series was put through a rigorous grading system based on four categories. The first of which was usage. This encompasses how a user has chosen to apply their abilities. For example, if we were talking about Mr. One, then we'd be analyzing this category based on how well it assists him in being an assassin. Meanwhile, if we were examining Streisand, then we'd be looking at how well it assists him in being a chef, easy. Next up, we have creativity, which investigates how well a user thinks outside the box with their powers. Meanwhile, we also have intelligence, which aims to discover how well an individual implements their fruit in any given situation. What's the difference between these two categories you ask? Well, Foxy is a very creative Devil Fruit user. However, that creativity is absolutely wasted because he lacks the intelligence to implement it effectively. Meanwhile, someone like N.L. is actually surprisingly intelligent, but not particularly creative and relies heavily on the very basics of his power. The gap between creativity and intelligence is vast. And finally, we have mastery, and this is probably not going to be a phenomenally performing category for this particular video, but it aims to discern how well a user has exhausted and reached the true potential of their fruit. For example, an awakened Devil Fruit user would automatically receive a perfect score in mastery, but we won't be seeing very high scores for this area in this video. Oh my no. But each of these categories were assigned a score out of 10, which were then added together to make a score out of 40 and then via very basic mathematics, it was magically transformed into a total out of 100 in order to give us a better perception of fruit rankage. Because saying that a user scored 45 out of 100 is much more straightforward than saying they received 18 out of 40. Oh, and there were some exceptions that needed to be made here as well. Firstly, artificial Devil Fruit users were not considered.  Secondly, I did also make the decision to omit all of the object fruit users like Lasso, Funkfreed, and Bumbuku. I just don't think it would have been quite fair to examine them as fruit users because they are quite literally objects and thus should not be held to the same standards as conscious beings. But with all of that out of the way, let's commence our very disappointing journey with number 20, Luno. This cow man has always kind of frustrated me a bit because his ability, the Doa Doa No Mi, is quite frankly phenomenal and it is in entirely the wrong hands. As a cypherpole agent, yes, it's very useful for covert ops and stuff, but it doesn't mix very well with Luno's style of combat, which is probably best described as a brawling bull. And as such, this fruit is almost entirely misused by him. Meanwhile, he is barely above average in creativity as well as intelligence, but there is absurd levels of room for improvement with both of them. And as for mastery, well, there's very little of that to speak of because Luno has yet to really begin pushing the limits of what the Doa Doa No Mi can do because he is a silly, silly cow man. To number 19, now we encounter our resident nose picker, Gem, aka Mr. Five. And this is just a grand waste of a fruit with this user. To think that you have the power to turn any part of your body into a bomb and what you decide to do with 99% of your time is pick your nose. It's a funny gag and it's very one piece, but what a waste. Which is only highlighted by Gem himself because he does have some legitimately great uses like using his breath as exploding bullets. That's pretty fantastic. But there is just so much more potential to explore here leaving Gem in a very average position. He's an underachiever with potential. However, just like you in high school, he's too busy picking his nose to realize said potential. Sticking with the Baroque Works theme now, we have number eight, Druffy, better known as Miss Merry Christmas. And speaking of average, she scored a perfect, or I guess I should say imperfect 50, because whether the glass is half empty or half full, you are still missing 50% of your potential delicious liquid and it's a hot day I want to drink. And Druffy ain't doing it for me. It's actually really difficult to convey just how plain of a fruit user she is. Middling scores for literally every category because while you can't consider her a failure in any way, there's also nothing particularly at all interesting to work with either. She uses the abilities in a very vanilla straight out of the box method, not even bothering to read the advanced instructions. And you could say very similar things about our number 17th place, Kinemon.  He wants ate a quote, strange fruit and now believes that he is bestowed with some sort of gifted ninjutsu or otherwise sorcery. Although it is a bit weird because it doesn't keep up with the double fruit continuity of learning the name of the fruit after consuming it, but we'll put all of that aside for now. Kinemon's greatest flaw is always going to be intelligence and overall mastery. However, what keeps him afloat here is sheer creativity. After the events of Wano, Kinemon should pursue a career as a fashion designer because for someone who has almost no experience of the outside world, his apparel based imagination knows no bounds. And he does use the fruit in a slightly above average manner. So here we are with another glass half full entry. Full is a word that we won't be using from here on out though, unless it refers to Buffalo, who is our 16th place finisher with a total score of 47.5 out of 100. A very mediocre. Starting with his only decent point, the Gurugururumi is actually used quite decently in service to the Don Quixote family. It's wonderfully convenient and quite deadly in combination specifically with baby five. The problem is that Buffalo himself does not know how to make the best use of his fruit in any way. His intelligence is, it's Buffalo. His creativity seems to lessen with every subsequent appearance. And his mastery is, I can't see it. I can't touch it because it's not there. Buffalo is an effective fruit user under one circumstance and one circumstance alone, which is when he is told to do something by someone much more smarter than he. And with that in mind, he actually still ranks kind of shockingly highly. I mean, 16th place. Who could have done worse than Buffalo? Bellamy. That's who. The Don Quixote team will continue here with Mr. Spring himself. He's received the same score as Buffalo, but for different areas. Once again, I suppose Bellamy is a man of honestly limited intelligence and even more limited creativity. He has one strategy when it comes to the Bonobonoemi, which is effective on a very basic level, generally serving his purposes, hence the six in usage. And post time skip, he has gotten a lot better but he's still just pretty meh, which is kind of wild because his fruit holds very similar levels of potential to that of Luffy's. Bellamy is just stuck in this perpetual place of pure failure. And at the very least, Buffalo does have someone to tell him how to use his fruit. However, Bellamy is just kind of floundering on his own. However, in his defense, he does have some pretty damn cool shades. But onwards to a very unique contender now, we have former head warden of Impel down Magellan. This may be a bit difficult to grasp at first because the use of the Doku Dokunomi in this role is near perfect. Magellan's creativity is also pretty wild. It's a definite treat to see what he comes up with. And Magellan's mastery is strong enough to control even the most minute aspects of his poison and even evolve it into some sort of terrifying final form. So why is he here?   He is a very rare special case and the only character out of all 141 candidates that I had to award negative points to.    And insanely enough, even with those negative marks he still remains merely in 14th place. Big news happening in number 13 as we find ourselves, a big old bird. Morgan's is the user of the Toritorino Mimolto albatross and the one good feature we can award him is intelligence. Now, fluffy news mogul is very a calculating man. Outside of that, Morgan's use of the fruit is very, it's very surface level. It doesn't appear to be used in any way other than to maintain aesthetics but the real kicker here is mastery because the problem is that Morgan's cannot even perform the very basics of an albatross and any other bird for that matter, which is flight. For some reason, he just can't do it which is very poor form for a non-flightless birdman. But delving ever deeper into the tunnel of disappointment we land on Manshary. An unfortunate contender because her devil fruit, the Chiyu Chiyunomi, also ended up on the worst devil fruit's list but with that in mind, Manshary's usage for what it's worth is kind of very good. As a clueless member of the Tontata tribe however, intelligence takes a massive, massive hit. Mastery is, it's average because Manshary does perform the intended function of the fruit, but nothing more along with a less than creative methodology of implementation but at the very least, I will grant that this fruit had minimal potential to begin with. The same cannot be said for our number 11 contender, Caribo, who is blessed with a logear type devil fruit.  In regards to intelligence, mastery and creativity these areas are more or less bankrupt. All of which are in great debt to the one decent category of usage because if you are going to be a lazy logear user then applying that to really small-scale piracy is not the worst way you could squander your power but with a truly competent user, the new manumunumi could be shockingly powerful and infinitely useful and whether with Caribo, it is neither.   I don't know, what else do you want me to say? And I just, I really cannot emphasize what a waste of an ability this is and even when Absalom did apply it to other things like say combat, that usage was just so mediocre as well. The only good thing he did eventually do was become a freelance reporter because that's actually a fantastic way to use the fruit but even then he did kind of suck at that and he ended up being killed so good reporting there, invisible man. So look, we should not speak ill of the dead except in the case of Absalom. Your fruit is now in much better hands. Now, as for someone who still lingers quite gloriously in this world, let's say hello to number nine, Foxy, the silver fox, a man who's rounded lower half defies the laws of biology and whose double fruit usage violates the very nature of the word decent. However, as I said in the intro, Foxy does have one thing really going for him being creativity. He actually ended up with a nine. Look at that, a whopping nine for creativity because there are very few people I can think of who are more creative with their powers than Foxy.  There is no substance backing Foxy's sheer creativity and so he finds himself being greatly shamed here today. Moving beyond Fox kind, in number eight we have Charlotte Opera, a man who is best known as, ah, that guy who was there and did nothing. Now, Opera possesses the could he could he know me, one of the many food-based double fruits, which is a pretty cool ability actually, as are all of them. But in a stroke of creamy genius, Opera has decided to make use of this ability primarily to make himself appear as a perpetual jizz monster. He's also very much, you know, on the lower end of the intelligence spectrum. And when he does make non-aesthetic use of the kudukudunomi, it is basic, uninspired and sometimes downright pathetic without a doubt, one of the most disappointing Charlotte siblings as well as worst double fruit users in the series. To proceed further down the rabbit hole of morbid curiosity, we now land at number seven, where we find Mikita, aka Ms. Valentine. And this is another one of those situations where sure, I do accept that this is a really terrible fruit to have eaten in comparison to almost any other one. There isn't a great deal of innate potential with the kudukudunomi, but even then Mikita doesn't quite receive a pass mark. In fact, the only reason why she gets any points in creativity at all is due to a choice to have a stylish umbrella accessory, but what else is there for her? I mean, she goes up, she goes down and sometimes she sits on people. So look, she'd probably make a fantastic dominatrix, but less so a great devil fruit user. And achieving a very strikingly exactly similar score, we now have Alveda user of the subisubinami, which certainly does make her the slipriest, but not the smartest or the most creative or for anything really, anything but slippery, which is pretty wild because in theory, Alveda's devil fruit makes her quite literally invincible because anything and everything will just slip right off. Swords, bullets, fists, there is nothing in this world capable of harming Alveda that does not involve either Haki or Seastone, meaning that her grand failures in the series is strictly her own and the elected usage of the subisubinami are far below par in every area imaginable. And I have imagined like four of those areas. Although even Alveda gets some credit when compared to Vandedekin the Ninth. Our fifth place finisher has applied his bizarre matamatenomi powers for one grand purpose, which is effectively to touch under aid mermaid titties. And also I guess to destroy all of Fishman Island that one time, which is why he gets a six in usage because there is a big gap of variety there.  And also a fishman consuming a devil fruit and choosing to live underwater is a terrible, terrible idea. A grand hindrance on Vandedekin's general lifestyle. Not that he probably would have had a great lifestyle to begin with, but this has made it worse. Now we'd see life in mind. Let's examine a character who most people just often flat out forget is actually a devil fruit user, the comms. And I don't blame anyone for that because our fourth place finisher almost never uses his kamikami, which allows him to transform into a turtle and turtle mink hybrid. It's only really good to save him from being shot in the back, which it has done on I suppose two occasions, but it's really hard to judge a fruit user who actively does not make use of their fruit. However, I suppose it's that lack of fruit use that really does make becomes a terrible user. It's sort of like me buying a guitar and claiming to be a great guitarist when I've only ever plucked a single string once or twice. I'm not a great guitarist.  And I'm sorry, pecans, but until proven otherwise, you are the devil fruit user equivalent of my non-existing guitar ability. But at least you're not Mark Vice. At least we're all not Mark Vice because he's basically Ms. Valentine, but even less of everything, which is quite fun because both the Kila-Kila-Nomi and the Tan-Tan-Nomi made their way to the worst devil fruit list except in reverse order. The Kila-Kila was the worst fruit, yet here Ms. Valentine is a better devil fruit user. Quite fascinating, really, and most of that has to do with creativity. Mark Vice has one unit out of 10, one out of 10 because he has never done a single thing that does not involve being Kirby and Super Smash Brothers, just pressing down B over and over and over again. Yeah, that's right, Mark Vice is that guy. And no once again, it's not the greatest fruit, it's a terrible fruit, but Mark Vice is also a terrible human being who also doesn't wear pants, by the way.  Alas, Mark Vice is not our ultimate loser here today because we still need to examine our silver Shane metal, Kelly Funk. And there's not a whole lot to say about the Jucka-Jucka to me that I haven't said before. Really, really, oh my God, what a bad fruit. And Kelly Funk does use it reasonably, I suppose, considering having a trusted jacket partner in his brother Bobby. And I will admit it's hard to rank this one. It's a really difficult fruit to deal with because I see no creativity, little intelligence, and about the same level of mastery that a five-year-old child needs to just dress themselves. It's a bad situation, but I refuse to believe that we've seen the full potential of the Jucka-Jucka to me under the direction of Mr. Kelly Funk. It has to be able to do better, it just has to. But now it is time to unveil our number one worst devil fruit user in the series. Who will it be? Most of the really horrible ones have already been shown. However, there is one key presence currently missing, and that is Orochi. If you've ever asked yourself the question of how one can screw up being a mythical zoan fruit user, the answer to that question is Orochi. He is blessed with a fruit of untold power, one of the rarest subclasses in this entire world, and he does almost quite literally nothing with it. This is such an egregious offense that I wrote to Oxford, Cambridge, Merriam-Webster, and even the Urban Dictionary and put forward the suggestion that we officially retire the English word, waste and replace it with Orochi. With the example definition being, what an Orochi of a fruit? I have never seen a more thoroughly Orochi devil fruit, all in the hands of that complete Orochi Orochi. And that is the story of how Orochi became the worst devil fruit user in One Piece. But if you'd like to see some higher class characters and I recommend you check out my video of the top 20 best devil fruit users in the series, also very fun. Otherwise, please do leave your thoughts in the comments below, or even join the discussion on my Discord server. But for now, this has been the Grand Line Review, and I'll see you next time.


I'm Fiona Percy, co-ordinating the Adaptation Learning Program, which is implemented by Care International. Right now I'm here at a CCAF workshop looking at social learning and communication in relation to food security and climate change. The Adaptation Learning Program is in four countries in Africa, Kenya, Mozambique, Ghana and Niger. So diverse set of countries where we are implementing and learning about community-based adaptation processes and approaches. And using over the next three years now to pilot and identify good methodologies and approaches for supporting communities to be able to make plans and decisions around how they can have more resilient livelihoods, how they can reduce the risks that they face in relation to disaster through a better understanding of what's happening with climate change, better understanding of climate change information and forecasts and projections and also a better understanding of the risks and uncertainties that are involved. So we've recognised that for every actor, climate change is very much bringing unknowns and uncertainties. So how can communities, farmers and pastoralists in the countries that we're working live with those uncertainties and make decisions that help them to spread their risks and at the end of the day have more adaptive capacity and resilient livelihoods. And the program is also then putting people together at different levels to learn about those practices and what evidence we're getting from the community level. So among NGOs and local governments, national governments and other actors to sit together and learn from each other about what works well and what doesn't work well and what can best inform policy to be able to have a policy element.


Welcome to this edition of the Astronauts, I'm Lynn Bondrant. During the next half hour, we talk with former astronaut Michael Collins, who was on the first-man mission to land on the Moon. That mission is called Apollo 11, and it culminated in one of the most significant events in known history. His two companions, Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Buzz Aldrin, were the first two human beings to walk on the Moon's surface. The mission took place from July 16 to 24, 1969. It lasted 195 hours, 18 minutes and 35 seconds. As called for by the mission plan, Collins did not descend to the Moon's surface, but remained in lunar orbit with the command module. Before we go to our interview with Michael Collins, let's see part of a 1969 film documenting that historic flight. The film is called, Eagle Has Landed, The Flight of Apollo 11. Other astronauts had made this journey to the launch pad, but never with such anticipation. 9.32 a.m., July 16. Three hours later, the Apollo command module moves forward to extract the lunar module from the third stage of the launch vehicle. Both are moving at more than 17,000 miles an hour. Dark together, they will sail a quarter million miles across the Sea of Space and into orbit around the Earth's nearest neighbor. Stand if you are, Doc. During the three-day journey to the Moon, the astronauts kept busy. Checklists, navigation and observation, housekeeping. They must work in a weightless environment, keeping their spacecraft and themselves in good condition. Data must be collected and reported. Experiments must be performed, including photography, both inside and outside the spacecraft. Because of the film speed, these actions appear faster than they actually were. July 19. Apollo 11 slows down and goes into orbit around the Moon. The bright blue planet of Earth now lies 238,000 miles beyond the lunar horizon. Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin, now in the lunar module, separate from the command module. Astronaut Collins remains behind. Preparation for the lunar module descent to the Moon now begins. The command module assumes the new name, Columbia. The lunar module will be called the Eagle. From Columbia, Michael Collins' camera sees bright rays of the sun reflecting patterns of color from the surface of the Eagle. In this strange metallic bird, rides the ancient and endless dream of all mankind. The command pilot can see detail which his camera cannot record. The four landing pads of the lunar module are fully extended and locked in place. The Eagle is poised and prepared for its descent to the lunar surface. Moon landing craft rocket engine fires to slow it down and to place it on the pathway to the landing site in the Sea of Tranquility. There is tension and caution as the Eagle flies lower. Warning lights blink on as the computer tries to keep up with the demand for controlled data. But the status remains, go. It's looking good, over. Roger, copy. Eagle Houston, after you're around. Angle, S-band pitch, minus nine, y'all, plus one eight.   Altitude now 21,000 feet. You're looking very good. Velocity down now to 1,200 feet per second. You're looking great there, Eagle. There's a reading on the 1202 program alarm. Roger, we got you. We're going at alarm. Good radar data. We're now in the approach phase. Everything looking good. Altitude 4200.  I turn it down. Go for landing. 3,000 feet. Out of alarm. Altitude 1,600. 1,400 feet. Still looking very good. 7,000 feet, 21 down. 33 degrees. 100 feet, down to 19. 1201. 1201. Rocket, 1201, alarm. We're a go, same type. We're a go. Altitude, velocity light. 3,500 down. 220 feet. 15 forward. We're coming down. 9,300 feet. 4,500 down. 5,500 down. 60 seconds. Lights on. Quick. Down to 1,500. 20 feet down to 1,500. We can up some dust. 4 forward. 4 forward. Dripped into the right level. Nice. On back right. Okay. Engine stop. We copy you down, Eagle. Tanguality base here. The Eagle has landed. Through the window of the Eagle, Armstrong and Aldrin see what no human eyes have ever seen before. Their spacecraft casts a long shadow across the undisturbed dust of centuries. Seven hours after landing, after careful preparations for later ascent were completed, Armstrong opens the Eagle hatch and begins his climb down to the surface. The first footsteps on this strange new world must be taken cautiously. The moon has only one sixth the gravity of Earth. The nature of its surface was still unknown. I'm going to step off the lamp now. Now that we've seen some of the historic film of the Apollo 11 mission, we're almost ready to go to the interview I had with Michael Collins following the publication of his second book, Lift Off. But first, here's a little background on Collins. Michael Collins is a retired major general in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. He was born October 31, 1930 in Rome, Italy. He earned a bachelor's science from U.S. Military Academy. Besides Apollo 11, he flew on the Gemini-10 Earth Orbital Mission, which was preparatory for Apollo missions. Collins walked in space during the Gemini-10 mission for one hour and 30 minutes. Astronaut John Young flew with him on that mission, which lasted from July 18 to July 21, 1966. Now let's go to my interview with Collins. When I asked him what he was trying to accomplish with his latest book, Lift Off. Well, I think people have very short memories, and I thought it might be interesting to go back 20 years or so, 19 years. It's been already since the first lunar landing, but to go back to the time of John F. Kennedy when he first started Project Apollo by saying he wanted to send the man to the moon and return him safely to Earth by the end of the decade, the decade being the 1960s. I thought it would be kind of nice to put down in sequential order some of the preparatory steps, Project Mercury, Project Gemini, Project Apollo, and to talk a little bit about those machines and how they worked, but also to talk about the people who put them together, the people who flew them, and then just to keep that going, we went through Skylab, the shuttle, an examination of where NASA is today, and then some possibilities for the future. So that's fundamentally what the book's about. Mike, looking back to the days of the Gemini and the Apollo programs to today's flight of the shuttle, what do you see as some differences as related to astronaut training? I think the shuttle is more complicated by far than the early machines were. The Apollo command module, I thought, was a real handful. To me, it was sort of like painting the Brooklyn Bridge. By the time I got to the end of it, there was something I'd forgotten at the beginning, and for me it was a constant process of education, of learning, and yet they tell me the shuttle is probably the equivalent of four command modules in complexity, so that's the main difference. What about public support, comparing it in the past during Gemini, Apollo, and today it seems as though in the past there was a lot more public support for going to the moon than even there is today for, say, putting a space station in orbit? Well, I think there are some fundamental differences. One is that President Kennedy got very personally involved. Capitol Hill in those days was more apt to go along with White House programs than they are today, without the enthusiastic support of the Congress, and I think the people. The difficulty with the space station, I believe, is that it's to be a research facility. It's to find out answers to difficult questions, and yet a lot of the politicians and budgeteers and bureaucrats want NASA to list exactly what the answers to those questions are before they fly this research laboratory. That's simply not possible. That's the whole point in going, is to have a research facility and to learn as much as we possibly can. I mean, we never would have had the invention of penicillin, for example, if the people doing the work had to take that NASA-like approach and say in 20 pages why they were studying this particular mold or fungus and what the spin-offs of it might possibly be. So as a nation, they were really struggling to even identify a space policy. You know, you look at the shuttle space policy and many people consider it a real disaster. What do you think we have to do to turn things around? There is a fairly recent space policy issued by the Reagan White House, which makes a good deal of sense, and it includes sending people out into the universe, but that policy has to be backed up with a high priority by the President himself, by his staff, by the leaders in Congress. And I don't think that's happened because NASA is still appropriated less than 1% of the federal budget and I think they need a little bit more to get an aggressive, good long-range program going. Mike, thinking back over the past 30 years that NASA has been around, what do you think have been NASA's five greatest accomplishments or achievements? I've always thought that the first lunar landing by the end of the decade was probably what NASA did best. I think in a way, though, I think Apollo 8 was a more fundamentally important flight than Apollo 11. Apollo 8, you recall, was the one that first saw men breaking away, breaking the bonds of gravity and reaching escape velocity. Another achievement that people forget is a little thing called Pioneer 10. Pioneer 10 is the first manufactured first object made by humans to leave our solar system. It's gone out past the orbit of Pluto and has headed out for all times for infinity out into the universe. I think the unmanned landing on Mars by the two Viking landers I think that was a very important achievement. So I guess I might say this is a short and quick list, but Apollo is 8 and 11, Pioneer 10 and Viking. And then the fifth one I'm going to put in the future, and I'm going to say that's the Hubble Space Telescope. Mike, now that you've thought about NASA's five major accomplishments, do you think that Mars should be NASA's next major initiative or endeavor? Yes, I really do. I think Mars would be so important and so long range of goal that it would pull in its wake a lot of things that NASA is trying to do today, but not having much success with. For example, if you want to return to the moon, I think probably a better justification for it is that it'd be a way station on the way to Mars. I'm not saying that you have to have a colony on the moon or that you must return to the moon in order to reach Mars. You don't, but if Mars were your goal, you might very well discover that the most practical way to get there would be to build a lunar colony first. Clearly, if Mars were your goal, you'd need a space station. The purposes to which that space station would be put would be much more clearly defined and I think NASA would have an easier time justifying and obtaining the funds for a space station as a precursor to Mars, especially from the human factor's physiological point of view. I think a lot of things would pull in in the wake of a Mars initiative. Mike, do you think that the enthusiasm and the incitement on planet Earth will be as great for a mission to Mars as it was for the Apollo missions to the moon? I think so. I think Mars is a lot more interesting place than the moon, although it is certainly true that the Viking results were disappointing in that they didn't find any life on Mars and no little green men. But the possibility exists that there used to be life on Mars and I think it would be fascinating to go digging the surface looking for fossils and studying the planet from the surface to try to determine why you have these two almost twin planets, Earth and Mars, and why they turned out so differently. Why the water, the one-time dug deep channels in the surface of Mars? Why did that dry up and blow away? Why did the Martian atmosphere become so thin? Why did they dissipate? What can we learn about our own planet from studying this one that's had such a different history? Do you think that the mission to Mars should be international in scope? That would certainly be nice. It complicates an already complicated task but I think it's worth a try and I think we ought to try to put together not just a U.S.-Soviet joint venture but one that includes a lot of other countries as well, the Japanese, the Europeans. Let anyone who can contribute technology and money throw it into the pot and do it in terms of humankind leaving this planet and establishing a settlement on Mars rather than anyone nation doing it. Thinking back at the time of the Apollo missions there were very few nations involved in space exploration and currently there are over a hundred. What would be the differences or the implications or influences versus many more people on a global scale involved in space exploration versus just a couple? Well, of course, the more countries that are involved I suppose the more popular, the greater support such a voyage would enjoy. The negative side of it is it makes it very difficult. It's difficult enough, I remember from Project Apollo to get two or three American companies all working together harmoniously. Never mind people who are divided by an ocean and different languages, different mores and cultures, even a different system for weights and measures. One of my favorite quotes in your book is these are not ejection seats but thrones facing out on the universe and we are wealthier than kings. By going into orbit, boards say a Gemini spacecraft or around the moon or to the moon in the Apollo spacecraft does it really change one's perspective of themselves and of the planet Earth? I think certainly to go as far away as the moon and look back on the Earth certainly does affect your perspective. The Apollo command module had five windows in it and when you're a quarter of a million miles away from Earth and you look out the window to find it it's very common to be no Earth in any one of the five. The Earth is down under you over your shoulder somewhere else. So that's a strange sensation to have to maneuver around even to find your home.   It does change your perspective. It makes you think that we have to take better care of this little fragile entity because it is fragile. And it also leads one in the direction of thinking about problems globally. Thinking back on your own career as a Gemini and a Apollo astronaut I think you had a chance to take a couple of EVAs. Spacewalks, yes. Could you describe that and was that perhaps in terms of the astronauts one of the scariest things that they have to do? It wasn't, it was one of the most fun things that an astronaut gets to do. It wasn't really scary but it was, it's like being cooped up inside a bath house, let's say and then suddenly being freed and allowed to go up and do a double back somersault off the high board. It was sort of that feeling of release of freedom of getting out of a confined space and the whole world at your feet to being able to see in all directions without confining spacecraft windows. It was a wonderful sense of liberation of freedom of floating of being one with the whole universe. And today using the MMU versus an umbilical cord, I know it gives much more freedom but it takes a different kind of training, does it not? Yes, the astronaut maneuvering unit is a miniature spacecraft in itself and it's a wonderful gadget. It's flown like a spacecraft. You have each hand with its assigned task to either turn you this way or that way up or down or to move you backwards and forwards and so the people who have, and I've never flown with it but the people who have clearly really are enjoying themselves and have a lot more control over where they go and what they do than you do dangling out on the end of an umbilical cord. One last question. If you had to give some words of wisdom to young people about the future and their part in space exploration what might you encourage them or how? Well I think whatever their field whether it be space or some other field I think to try to be the best in that field to really strive for excellence to I think that gives people a feeling of confidence and a feeling of well-being to know that they've put their everything into something and they're the best they can be at it. Certainly what's true I think is the space program and I think the space program will always be an area right on the edge of our knowledge, on the edge of our technology, on the frontier of physically and mentally of the things we do and to me it would be a fascinating area for young people to become involved with. Certainly as we get into the 21st century we're going to see some remarkable advances in our space technology and it would be a good career to be part of that. The interview you just saw with former astronaut Michael Collins was recorded earlier when he was in Cleveland and in future programs we will see and visit with other astronauts. Until then, this is Lynn Bonderant saying goodbye from the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.


Hey guys, Drew with GeoArm, and I am back to talk to you about the Honeywell Home Pro Series Pro A7 and Pro A7 Plus Panels and how to get the Pro Series CO detector, which is the Pro 6 CO Programmed into the panel. It's not too hard pretty easy to do here Go ahead and hit the menu button before I go any further here I do need to inform you that you will need to have your firmware updated on this panel prior to doing this Because it comes with a firmware version that doesn't allow for on-site local programming So give us a call. We'll get it registered. We'll get the firmware updated Then you'll be able to do your your own programming on-site there. So what we'll do we're in the menu button now We'll hit tools Gonna go ahead and enter your installer code minus 4112, which is the factory code We'll go into programming once in programming. You're just gonna go ahead and tap on peripherals And once you get into peripherals hit the plus sign up there at the top All we're gonna do to get this enrolled is just simply tamper it Just pop the cover on it put the cover back on and then pop the cover and put the cover back on one more time So two tampers you'll see the fast blinking green light And then you'll get the acknowledgement that it rolled in and it'll go solid So now we'll go ahead and we'll scroll down We'll take a look at everything here to make sure that we have it and roll the way that we want it So you'll see it's in the main partition if you had a partition system you could change where it goes I do not mine is a one partition system So this is where we're gonna put in our description. I'm gonna call this the living room Okay, choose living room save it. It is now living room carbon monoxide detector, which is programmed correctly there I do want it supervised. I do want it to report and I do want the one go all go feature which means that if one of these goes off all of them will go off Which is an awesome feature. I'm a big fan of that The alarm report. Yes, that means it sends a central station and supervised Yes, it means it's gonna look for any trouble conditions that come present with this device at this point It is learned in all we're gonna need to do is either click save and add another or click save I'm not gonna be adding any other zones in this video. So I'm just gonna click save At this moment, you'll see it's report here living room carbon monoxide detector. It's battery life It's signal strength. I'll go ahead and hit the back arrow all the way out of programming And we'll test it to make sure that it's enrolled in here The way that I'm gonna test it is just by tampering you should see a tamper condition become present here momentarily on the panel There it is. We'll go ahead and we'll put this back now Head and acknowledge this and clear it by entering our master code mine is one two three four Okay, it's clear the tamper condition is gone that ladies and gentlemen is how you program the pro six co pro series CO detector into the Honeywell home pro series pro a7 or pro a7 plus panels If you guys have any questions or any comments, please leave them below other than that you guys take care Have a great day. Make sure to subscribe to our YouTube page and click the show more tab underneath the video Where you can view valuable links pertaining to this product similar how-to videos and our low-cost no contract the alarm monitoring services


It's real swarm of cars, Chris. And I'm back with another huge shout out to everybody tuning in. If you're watching this car, make sure you subscribe. But if you're watching this car, give me a thumbs up. One more thing, don't skip the ad. Look what we got today. We got the 2022. This ain't 2021, it's 2022. 2022 Chevy Equinox LT. And this is the all-wheel drive edition. And I'm great. You can get one of these vehicles for just about $38,000, baby. Why am I so excited you guys want to make sure you stay tuned to the full video so you can find out. Let's see your new car. Let's see the features, baby. Get ready. It's about to go down. 2022 Chevy Equinox LT. Let's go. It's time to get into your trunk space. Now, in the trunk, you're going to fit the basketball, footballs, baseballs, book bags, groceries, whatever you need to fit right back here. Open that joint up. You see the automatic super sound of hip, not a funky fresh? Look at that. Let's see. Yeah. OK, under here, you have this weird spray target going to go. Wham. You can put all your little tools and jacks and all that stuff right in there for me, too. If you're a mechanic, you may be a mechanic, I don't know. Wham. Over here, you have the cigarette lighter. You can plug in some stuff, you know, charge your phone, you know, your barbecue, and you're coming out the trunk with it. Bam. Probably that right there. And then we also have these. Look at this. This is legendary right here. Wow. Got them back six down. Wham ski. Look at it. Yeah, you're getting busy. Boom. Just like that. We in here. Close me in. Close me in. Close me in. Let's see. Let's see if I can really fit back here. I know the kids want to get back here, so I'm going to get back here. I'm back here chilling. What was y'all doing? Wham. Let's go to the second row. Second row, baby. First off, before I get in there, look at the cloth interior. Y'all see that gray with the black? It's like gray, like jean gray though. This is nice with the pattern in there. Wham. Then you have the cup holder. This case, you want to put some water bottles right there. Man, baby, you thirsty. You want to drink something. You also put water bottles right here on this part. Let's see about the headroom. Now, I had this seat scooted back so I can drive. So look at that. Wham. A plenty of head space. I can lean back like that, draw a little bit. I can do all that. Also, you can adjust this too. Don't you know how I pull the thing up from the back so I can drop the seat down? You can hit it from right here. Hold it down right there on the inside. Just like that. You also have two USBs, so we're back here chilling. Or the kids, they might have tablets or whatever. They're back here chilling. Wham. I pulled them up that month. Just plug the USB in there. Wham. You ready to go? Plenty of room. Oh yeah. Wait till we get in the front seat, baby. Wait till we get to the front. Let's go. Seat time, baby. We got the cloth interior. You guys can see it already in there. Automatic seats. Automatic supers on the head. Now, not in the old scope. You got to put the seat in the middle and then scoot it back and forth. None of that. We have your window. Adjustments. Mirror adjustments right here. Down here, we have this. This is for the trunk. If you wanted to only open three-fourths away, you would put it right there. If you don't want to open all, you put it right there. Or you can put it on max. I would prefer max because, I mean, you would have put stuff in the trunk, right?  You're going to push it in and out. Bam, bam. See that? Turn your lights on. Brighter. If you want it darker, turn it down. Then you have your lights for your exterior of the vehicle. Let's turn this baby on. This baby only got 27 miles. Y'all see, this ain't 21, this is 22. Look at the cluster. Nice, clean, simple. You can go through your stuff right here, bam, miles per hour. I'll keep it right here just so I know if I'm speeding or not. Then on your left side of the steering wheel, you have this button. This is already light. Look at this. You see that? That's so you know how close you are to hitting somebody. I'm going to tell you that. Then you also have your cruise control system right here where you have your lane departure right there. Until the phone controls, as well as this how you move up and down, you know, protect the tire fresher, see how much oil you got, see how much fuel you got, things of that nature. We're getting 21.6 miles to the gallon right now. If we go on trip, we get up to 27.5. Let me see that. Now, let's go ahead and go over to the emphasis payment system, which is touch for me by the way. In case you guys are wondering, bam, maybe you want to call some people, set your phone up and all that.  How many cars can get Wi-Fi now? Wi-Fi, settings, Apple CarPlay, Android, Auto, OneStar service. Just clean the samples straight into the point. I like that. It's very nice. Then you have your heating and AC controls right here. Then you're going to go down. Down here you have auxiliaries, as well as USB cords, and you have a cigarette lighter. Just in case you want to pump a cigar, a cigarette or whatever you might smoke, or you just want to use that as the phone charger. It's up to you. You have the all-wheel drive mode. I did say this is all-wheel drive, so it's going to start snowing here in Illinois soon. So you're going to hit that on. Bam, you're in all-wheel drive. It's your electric park brake. So if you're going up and here, you want to hit that. Not if you're going up and here, but if you're up and here, you can park and hit that. Bam. Or you can hit this, too. Wow. Cup holders. Nice little cup holder. Set your water bottle. Back down on this cup. Whatever you made. Oh, you made me drink a tea coffee. You know all that. Bam. Right there. Baby, right there. Then we have this. Woo. Plenty of room. You can put your change and all that stuff right here. Just in case you had to go on the toes. Put some purses, wallets, whatever you need to put right here. This is one of my favorite parts about the video. Check out the room. This is a panoramic rose in this baby. Top. Lay it back. Lay it back. Lay it back. Look at that joint. You can drive around seeing the stars at night time if you want to. Not only that, I noticed a lot of cars don't come with it. We've done a lot of car reviews, but bam. Put your sunglasses right in there. You got the Ray bands or you got the Gucci loose. You live in life right now. Gucci looted products, whatever you need to put. Put it right there. But we see how it looks. We see the interior. We see the exterior. Very nice clean. But how does it drive? Let's take this thing on the drive. 2022 Chevy Equinox LT, baby. This thing is decent. Very, very nice. It's been a while since I've done a car review, so I hope you guys are doing the video. Again, if you aren't subscribed, make sure you subscribe. And if you aren't subscribed, give me a thumbs up. Also, don't skip the ad. Let's take this thing on the test drive. We're going to kick it off the back. We're going to get busy right now.  Let's see if we got some power. Oh, yeah. Get busy. That's 50, baby. That's 60, baby. We're getting busy. We're getting busy. This joint is right. Let's check out the brakes. Stop on a dime. Let's go with two pumps right now. Let's go over here with these pumps. Oh, you can't even feel that. That's doing it. It's coasting. Feel like you're on a cloud when you're driving this. This joint is right. Y'all liking this? I'm loving it. And I just love that panoramic roof. It's just open up. You can see the stars back in the nighttime. We're about to go over some train tracks right now. So you guys are going to see that's a space in this phenomenon. We also got to do the turning ratio. So make sure they're turning properly now. Again, you can get this vehicle for $38,000. We can't get this vehicle. You can get a vehicle similar to this for $38,000. I'm going to explain to you guys everything at the end of the video. So make sure you stay tuned. Turn ratios. Hit them terms. Good. They got good power holes. Let's see how that feels. This joint is coasting. And you know what else I noticed? That when you're inside of the vehicle, you don't hear any roll noise. It's nice and clean. I don't hear any roll noise at all. Turning ratios. We're whipping. Oh, yeah. We're up. Let me check that out. Yeah. Turning ratios. We getting busy, baby. This for $38,000. That panoramic roof. In the seats, I just love the interior. Honestly, everybody don't like leather. Some people like leather. Some people don't like leather. Me? It just depends. Oh, yeah. One more thing I forgot. This does have heated seats, too. Because you know it's freezing out here. It has heated seats, too. So, I forgot about that. I forgot to add it on there. This joint's riding good. Let me get busy again. See if it feels just a fluke. We got to get busy and see how I really drive. Oh, yeah. That was 55 right there. This joint is coasting. Let's wear it for a little bit. Get busy. The signals. Oh, another thing. I like about it. When you hit the signal on, right? Some cars are like... Extra loud. This is nice and calm. Nice and smooth. Smooth like a cruise boat. This joint is flowy. This ain't 21. This is 22, baby. Watch this. When I get close to this car, it's going to start beeping. Very, very nice. So, you can make sure you don't crash. Because everybody can't drive like this. But I'm whipping. I'm whipping and I'm dipping. And I'm flipping. And we driving. This joint is nice, though. Storytime. So, on December 14th, I went to the car dealership. My sister's been talking about this car, man. She's been saying, I love this. I love this. I want this color. This color. That color. All this. She's been talking about it. Getting the car for a while now. Mind you, this will be her first vehicle. So, guess what her big brother did? First time ever. I've never seen it. Her big brother bought this brand new 2022 Chevy Equinox off the lot. It only has... Now it has 29 miles on it. I got to carry them and get it back. Because I can't be putting miles all off the car like that. But I want to... Today is December 23rd. And we're doing a car review right now. But on Christmas day, I'm going to surprise her with the vehicle. So, you guys want to make sure you stay tuned to the video.  Because my sister is a giver. She's always giving people stuff. She's a very caring person. She's always giving, giving, giving. This is going to be the most...  So, I don't know how she reacts. I see how she reacts when I got the vets. But now it's going to be her turn to get what she needs to get. And that's what it's all about, man. It's all about helping people go and grow. And just, you know, keep everybody happy, man. I can't wait to get her. That's why I'm so excited, man. I might not be acting like I know I'm acting like I do these car reviews. Because I'm very excited. I'm more excited for her to get this than I got the vets. Honestly. I just can't wait till I have them. And it's going to be a sight to see. I hope you guys enjoyed the video. Again, this is the 2022 Chevy Equinox AOT. And it does have the all-wheel drive. And you're getting this for only $38,000. It's a great deal to have great safety features. It drives smooth. The turning ratio is great. Everything about this vehicle is great. I hope you guys enjoyed the video. I'll see you guys on the next... Oh, yeah. One more thing. Don't skip the ask. Not only that. It's been kind of hard for me to get car reviews on a brand new vehicle because of the pandemic and everything. So it's been kind of low. But I'm going to try to get back to some dealership and see if they have anything new. I hope you guys enjoyed the video. I'll see you guys on the next one. It's real tomorrow. And I'm gone. It ain't even close. No! So the thing that you wanted... It's not a car. You wanted was the... You already said the 2022. The tier... Look this here. Look this here. That's yours. You wanted a really rare... Put your foot on the brakes. I don't even got this. Put your foot on the brakes. Okay. Okay. Put your foot on the brakes. Look at that. Reverse camera. With the call seat. You got to put this right here. Okay. You got to move the... This panel ran roof. This panel ran roof. It's all the way. Keep on holding. Panel ran roof. All the way. All the way. All the way. All the way. Don't you roll. Stop it in your neck. All the way. 2022. This ain't 2021. 2022. Hang on. Hold on. Wait. Look at the mileage. 30 miles. How old is you? 30 miles on it. 2022. Cross interior. Panel ran roof. Reverse camera. What? What? What? What? What? What? He just sees it all. Whatever you want to do. Okay. Now I want to say this. Go confidently into the direction of your dreams. Merry Christmas, Jesse. Congratulations on a new car. You deserve it. Jesse, you are the most loyal, selfless, kind and loving person I know. I pray that in this season of your life you will be able to be those things for yourself. I pray that you're intentional in enjoying the harvest that you've sown so many years for. I always say that everyone gets a turn. It's your turn. Take it. I pray that as God begins to bless you, that others clap as loud for you as you have for them. But if they don't, it doesn't matter because no one has to cosign blessings from God. I love you, Jesse. And I will always be your biggest fan. P.S. Me and Annette paid for six months of your car insurance. You made it wrong. This ain't 21. This ain't 22. This is the future. This is the future. I got it. Wait a minute. This is 22. This ain't 21. This is 22. I'm so happy. Take it for instance. Let's go. If you want to get in. This ain't 21. This is 22. This is my car. This is my car. Oh. Wait, how much is this? Huh? Don't worry about that. Don't worry about that. Don't worry about that. This ain't 21. This is 22. This is 22. Wow. Look. This ain't 21. This isn't 22. This is 22 with 30 miles on it. That's only because Jerome drove it. 30 miles on it. And it had 4 miles on it. I did the drive all the way from Liberty Oh Pull it right up. Hey, come on. We need to go to somebody else today 22 22 So good sniffing that's that brand new that's that brand new that brand new that brand new smell You ain't break it too good. You gotta worry about your love. Yes. You gotta get used to it. It's brand new. It's brand new I'm gonna tell somebody They don't want look they don't want it. They don't want they didn't want to see you win Look how they be saying you don't want to see you and that's why so this I got was saying on the car Right, it's like I was saying on the car reviews, right?


Everybody man here for laden sports cards are up in one box of 2023 panini wwe prism undercard. This is for David B Good luck David After this we have Sam then Mohammed then leave and Michael then Daniel Probably be it for the day. I'm guessing we might still have some room though Maxine Dupree Disco and mr. Stone red disco Tozala Chad Gable disco and the Miz top tier beyond Cabell air disco And Mosh from the head bangers sensational signatures. That's cool brawn breaker and baller Disco come on Kurt Angle sometimes you have to smother out the background Triple H disco AJ Styles Keanu James Rookie blue disco. That's to 25 And razor remote Grayson Waller silver and Booker T legends of the hall AJ Styles disco and Johnny wrestling It's like variation Xavier Woods disco Lexa bliss top tier. All right last pack brawn breaker Disco and prismatic entrances JBL. All right, David, that'll do it for your box. Thank you for the purchase We'll get these right out


Good evening. It is 5.30 on Wednesday, April 20th. Thank you everybody for joining us tonight for the next hour or so. We will be having a conversation here in the south end of Burlington with Representative Blumlee and myself. And then also we are joined by our fellow colleagues in the State House by a few of our Senators, Senator Baruth. I'm just going by order by which I see you. Senator Pearson, and I know that in the State House we also have Senator Lyons and Senator Chittenden. And so the purpose of tonight's meeting is to just have an opportunity for people who live in the south end of Burlington. It's sort of a compilation of words five and six to hear about the, in particular, the Senate redistricting that occurred. This has, it's a done deal. We're moving forward, but this is an opportunity for folks to ask questions about the process and the outcome and just to understand a little bit more about how things evolved. The reason why I said it that is set it in that in that frame is that we all knew Chittenden County would be divided up in terms of the Senate district. Historically, currently, we are incredibly privileged, to be honest, is an appropriate word to have the access to six Senators when we have something that we are concerned about. Meanwhile, if you live in the Northeast Kingdom, you have access potentially to just one Senator so we all knew the Senate district had to be redrawn so that it would become more equitable. The question was, how would that happen. I do want to just clarify, you know that the census is completed every 10 years because of COVID there was a condensing of time in terms of when the census was done when the results were delivered. And then how quickly our, our local boards were able to, you know, go through quite a quite a detailed volunteer process to present their ideal maps that were then reviewed by both the House and the Senate. So for folks just, you know, tuning into this conversation, your House district is roughly generally the same, except for the fact that if you're in a portion of District, or Ward six, you will have two reps now. So with that, I'll just say we went from six Senators for all of Chittenden County to now seven Senators for the region of which one is sort of for North Chittenden County, three or four Central Chittenden County, which is roughly Winooski, most of Burlington, except for this neighborhood, and then essentially downtown Essex. And then, and I may have gotten that a bit wrong, and that is why we have Senator Pearson following me up. And then for the Southeast Chittenden District, we have three Senators as well. And with that, I'll pass it to, oh, one other thing in terms of how the conversation goes, this is one of the areas in which the House really focuses on the House redistricting, and the Senate really focuses on the Senate redistricting. And as long as sort of the House doesn't say, hey, Senate, we think your line should be drawn differently. And the House doesn't, and the Senate doesn't say, hey, House, we think your line should be drawn differently than generally the two bodies keep the lines that they agreed upon within each body. So that is the purpose of why we're having this meeting tonight. Representative Bloomley and myself heard quite a bit from our constituents of which all of the Senators here represent you as well. We heard quite a bit from you all saying, wait, what happened? How did this happen? And could we learn more about it? So that is the purpose of tonight. And with that being said, I'm going to pass the baton to Senator Chris Pearson. Thank you so much. The reason for this is that Senator Pearson was one of the folks, you know, that there's so much work that that goes through the State House, we do have to divide and conquer and Senator Pearson was one of the folks on the committee that sort of really delved into how do you draw the meeting law so that you're looking at the census, you're keeping as much of the existing communities intact, etc. So with that, oh, and in terms of in terms of structure, we're going to have Senator Pearson give some overview. Then we will pass it over to other senators for weighing in, but we'll start with Senator Lyons. And then we'll open it up to Q&A, which I will moderate and Representative Bloomley whenever you want to jump in, you know you're welcome. And with that, Senator Pearson. Thank you Gabrielle and Senator Sorak has just joined me as well we we got done in Senate Finance Committee, not, not three minutes ago so. So I drew the short straw, I guess, and of the Chittenden delegation, we're all here. Except for Senator Keisha from Hinsdale. I was, I, I, maybe I didn't say no that's. So I said I'd be willing to do it in the Senate. It's a separate committee reapportion committee. And we meet around all the other works that we were meeting at 730 in the morning sometimes late into the evening. I think Representative Stevens has done a good job setting the table. We do this every 10 years after the census has come out two three years ago. We passed a law that said when the 2020 census is done and the subsequent redistricting happens. The Vermont Senate will have no district that's bigger than three members. So that was directly aimed at the Chittenden County Senate district six members. So that is the biggest district in the country. No other district in the country has more than, in fact, three senators which we now have in the new map and we have in Washington County, Rotland County, Windsor County are already again the largest district so we're pretty out of whack from the national So we already and all of us had supported that law that we're in the Senate at the time. Adding to that 10 years ago when this process happened, the Northeast Kingdom had lost population Chittenden County and the Northwestern Vermont had grown and the map sort of stretched the limits of how much it could really withstand and keep the kingdom well representative maybe a little bit over represented so in a way this process was kind of 20 years and coming. Plus, there was since that last 10 years, more population growth in our area, and this change guaranteed to come for Chittenden County So big deal. I would just say that I quickly learned that dry a map that pleases everybody was impossible. And I'll give you an example. Huntington and Bules Gore Park Chittenden County have been linked to the Addison County Senate District for last decade. Huntington wrote a very compelling letter to all of us they said in the last decade we've joined with Richmond and and Jericho under hill to make the MMU unified school district. We'd like to be part of the county and by the way the MMU district is now kind of a political boundary of ours. And I thought, sure, well, I'd love to do that has a lot of integrity, blah, blah, blah. The first map I drew made it seem very obvious that you could not lump the MMU district together without and keep that whole without some of Williston, which meant you were currently breaking up the CVU school district in order to honor the principle of keeping the MMU district and I only offer that as an illustration to just how difficult it is to to hit all of the goals. The other reality is Addison County was down some people and needed some people and the question before us was, do we give them the town of Charlotte, or do we continue to give them Huntington, and I see center around you. So now you've got all six of us. So just to say from the outset I was an optimistic eager beaver to draw a district draw maps that would actually satisfy everybody and quickly came to realize that is more than a little impossible. There's a lot of dynamics and I won't go into all of it but some of the goals we were aiming to look at on to to honor Chittin County has Burlington, which is about a little over 40,000 people South Burlington which is a little over 20,000 people Essex a little over 20,000 people.  How you draw the lines means you either sort of have some lopsided districts where those big towns really dominate and the little the smaller towns potentially get a bit drowned out. I want to avoid that as much as possible. A lot of the district a lot of the maps we drew had Burlington as a standalone district two seat senate district, and that was very neat. In a map sense, it was very straightforward if you're a voter in Burlington, and for a long time I thought that was a good solution. But what emerged as the process moved forward was a couple of dynamics that had me and others change our mind quite strongly. The, the Senate is the house in our process the house is very small right a house member represents either four or 8000 constituents depending on a single or double two seat district. They're very small, at most they have two three towns, maybe in the kingdom they have half dozen towns, but it's by and large, a town or a portion of a town in the house. In the Senate, we're more or less county based. And so you represent a broad range of viewpoints in the Senate, and that is one of the strengths of our of our two body system. So, moving to a Senate district of two members in just Burlington was a huge change, and represented a real aberration for the basic underlying structure of the Vermont Senate. Not only that, but those of us who live in Burlington already in the House or Senate I dare say already experience the dynamic where our colleagues sort of say yeah yeah yeah but you're in Burlington. This is different you're you don't understand I was on a radio show describing the map and the caller from Madison County called and said, Is there any chance we could give Burlington to New York. It's not really funny. I mean, that is a dynamic in the State House that's very real, never mind that we're the economic engine in the state, etc. So, in particular, Senator Baruth, Senator Rom Hinsdale and I, who have all live or have lived in Burlington felt pretty strongly that if you gave Burlington a two seat district stand alone. Those senators would likely and the issues and values that we bring from our community would likely be somewhat isolated in the Senate in a way that was very concerning. Adding to that the town of South Burlington was very well organized and and their select board their board of civil authority was loud and clear and saying whatever you do, do not divide us. So the six of us met and discussed all of this how should it look how should the maps go and we we sort of three of us said well we got to not have Burlington be stand alone and and other people were saying well whatever you do keep Burlington South Burlington whole. This became a puzzle problem because South Burlington surrounds Burlington right entirely if you look at the map to the south of Burlington and all of the eastern border of Burlington is hugged by South Burlington and so how do you carve up Burlington and not also carve up South Burlington. So the only answer to that riddle was to take the northern part of Burlington connect through Winooski add sort of St. Mike's corridor of Route 15 and Essex Junction, and that had the right the good numbers for a three seat Senate district, and then sending the bottom part of Burlington the south end of Burlington, down with Charlotte over South Burlington, Heinzburg, Jericho Richmond under hill and Bolton, and that was also the good a good number for three seat for three seat Senate district. That was not the map I wanted. That was a consensus, you know, a compromise between the six of us that the rest of the colleagues on the Senate committee supported and ultimately got 30 unanimous vote in the Senate was signed into law by the governor so I quickly became it became obvious that I was not going to be able to draw a map that pleased everybody. In some ways I would say the map that that is now law is somewhat unfortunate although I think so the south end is actually well looked after but you could certainly argue that if you live in the south end it you feel like a little bit detached from Burlington and also unfortunate for folks in Essex who you know are in a district as extension that is dominated by Burlington again impossible to have every every satisfy everybody for the city of Burlington. This is a good map no question if you're the mayor if you're the city council if you're the school district in Burlington, you in fact have one might argue an embarrassing amount of senators and therefore influence in the Senate. And that's something that you know was not by design actually some of us didn't notice it until the process was moving forward. But to all of us that live in Burlington obviously not a trivial thing to see that we have a loud voice so that was the process it was compromised not exactly the map I wanted by far but but trying to answer a competing in some way set of values that we put forward and was a compromise and and I would just say that you know around the country that this is a highly partisan air effort, a highly partisan process that's bloody that's in court cases all over the country. This had a 70 vote by part of try partisan vote out of the report from a committee and ultimately unanimous support in the Senate. That's not trivial I think that's something I'm proud of and and you know represents us working together and good faith. So I guess I would leave it at that and and turn to my colleagues to see what what I forgot. Thanks Senator Pearson. Can I jump in just because I'm going to, we just got out of our finance committee meeting, and we need to hit the road we could probably continue by phone in the car, but I just wanted to the one perspective that I wanted to be clear on was. It was really hard to break up the chicken and Senate district. Some people might not like that. But as Chris has said, we by far the largest district in the country, and I felt it was really unfair to the voters, people would go into the voting booth and put 15 names there, and it became a lawn sign war for a lot of people, and it just was not the right thing to do I think if I had my druthers I would like to see one senator per district so people have a choice between two or three people to vote for as opposed to not being familiar with this. It's a, it's a, in some ways, it's a very big county. It's a Are you in a actual like open meeting? Yes. Yes. The building closes in 10 minutes. Yeah, we're, we're sorry. Yes, we're on a zoom meeting with constituents. Okay, so I'll leave the building just let me know when you're done. Sure. So, I think that's something that had to be done. And the extent people think from a parochial standpoint they've lost some power in Chittenden County. I just think it was unfair. It was very hard for a newcomer to break in. It was hard for any other party to break in. So I think it's just a good thing that we're moving in in the direction of breaking up the district and to the extent I agree to the extent we have three member districts in, in Chittenden County, I think it still preserves some kind of county semblance. So I think it's a good compromise as to where, as to where we are. I just wanted to say that. Thank you Senator Sorokin and thank you Senator Pearson for the overview and for drawing the short straw. I want to just say we, so we're at 551 in terms of structure. We're going to give a couple of minutes to each of the senators if they want to say anything. I know Senator Lyons would like to say a couple of words, and then we're going to shift to q amp a I have two questions currently so. I know, actually, Senator Pearson, and Senator Sorokin I think you guys should probably call in, because you're going to get kicked out. So we will see we will let you back in via phone. And please use your buds. So you're safe and complying with Vermont law. Thank you. So, Senator Lyons, you wanted to say a couple of words. I do. And I went first of all, I think everyone should say thank you to Senator Pearson that the work that he did on the reapportionment committee was very difficult. This is one of the most difficult tasks that face us in the Senate and in the house every 10 years. Whether we're all happy with it or not. It still was a lot of work. And I'll just say, upon my own behalf that this is going to take some adjusting because I've been representing all of Burlington Essex Junction Essex town Winooski and all at Milton Westford all those towns that are now not in the new district. So it has a different feeling just as it does for you folks who are just we're getting kicked out too, but we're not, we're not getting kicked out. But it is it's a different sense of where we are and our representation area. But I just like to say a couple of things going forward because I know there will be some questions about splitting Burlington up and why we did that. And frankly, I think what what we're seeing is that Burlington will still have six senators Burlington will still have robust representation. I can't possibly represent the south end of Burlington without also considering the whole school district, and without considering the, the role of the council plays in decision making and government so the regional planning commission will is still part of the county and the county process. So, as Chris has said, we represent the broader interest within with our towns and within the county. And then when we get to the Senate, of course we extend our thought to the state. I just, I think it's important that you're reassured that your representation is going to be very robust. And for folks who live in in your district, five and six, as it has been the sectioned off into the new chip in southeast. I'll have more time, because now I have fewer folks to represent this is a real, this is refreshing to think about. The only thing just one last comment is that when you go to vote in the polls, you're still going to be voting for your local representatives. You're still going to be voting for Burlington issues school budget school information, you'll still be voting for a council. Whatever the council puts out, you'll still be voting for your own reps on the on the city council, and you'll have a list of senators to choose from, hopefully who will have made themselves known to you. Well, while it sounds terrible that there's a section of Burlington that's been taken off in reality, it's still Burlington. And the other reality is that the, the issues that are dear to you will also be very important to us who represent you. I just want to leave it at that there's more that we could say but I know there are concerns out there. I have concerns to because it's such a different way of looking at the folks I represent, but it's an opportunity I think for us to look at things in a slightly different way so that's all I'll say at this point. I do want to note to your point Senator we do have counselor Karen Paul here with us, the chair of the council. Thank you for joining us and we also have so many of our, you know, steadfast volunteers from the NPA is both five and six here, as well as the founder of, you know front porch forum so thank you all for really weighing in. Senators if it's okay with you I would rather shift to questions and you guys can add Hawk way in and the tail end.  I just I want to make sure that folks have come here with their questions and that we're actually hearing from them, as much as I'm a talkative person. So we have a question here that says and folks just for the sake of order, I'm going to ask you to put your question in the chat, because we do have like 20 plus people here. So we have a question here. How big is the pop and this is probably to Senator Pearson who is walking to your vehicle, how big is the population of Chittin 65 versus the other towns of this new district in other words, could we be represented by three senators, none of whom live in Burlington. It's a great question. And I think it's important you have six senators now, four of them don't live in Burlington now. So I always want to level set this against where we sit today. The south end of Burlington is about 8000 people a little over. It's roughly equivalent to the town of Shelburne, or it's about twice the population of Heinsberg, crudely approaching the population of Williston. So, you know, those towns are not going to be left out in any kind of discussion with their senators and I just want to just orient that. Yeah, of course you could have senators that don't live in Burlington. Richmond hasn't had a senator that lived there since Doug Racine that Doug Racine was in the Senate. I'm going to say the same thing about Essex. Yeah, yeah, exactly. I mean, yeah, we don't have a senator. You know, but some of us actually worked in Burlington. I worked for 30 years and I still go in and work in Burlington. So it felt like we're not affiliated with with Burlington. So the answer to this question is yes, we could be represented by three senators none of whom live in Burlington. And I think the key here is I think what you're hearing from this community is please do not forget us because and you're all nodding, but you may not, you know, at some point you may choose to retire. I think there is a sense that if you compare Sherlock to the south end of Burlington there or Richmond or, you know, there are different, there are different flavors of communities. I have another question here. What were the recommendations by the Burlington Citizen Committee on redistricting, how were they used parentheses or put aside and I'm familiar with the House but not the Senate so that's a senator Pearson question I think because that that's the information that went to the reapportionment committee. I'm sure happy happy to take that. There was not that direct feedback. I did reach out to the council president and sort of asked if there was a strong opinion one way or another. And what I learned from the Burlington BCA was that the focus there had been on the House districts and, you know, the state law gives the BCA's a direct role in drawing House boundaries but does not is silent about Senate districts so the feedback we got from communities was informal but of course all of our meetings were online and and warned and we had all manner of emails from constituents far and wide. But but nothing official from the city of Burlington in terms of the Senate district other than my direct outreach with that time Council President Max Tracy. Can I can I just add to that. You know, Senator Pearson ended up doing a lot of the heavy lifting being on the redistricting committee being on government operations where we sort of kind of try to hold the process as it moves forward, although, you know, we didn't have a vote in our committee separate from the full Senate. I tried to go to a lot of the NPAs and just say to folks, this is a very historic change because we haven't broken up a county before so it's not really common for a Board of Civil Authority to weigh in on this because we haven't gone deeply below the county boundaries in the past as you may know, Huntington has felt left out for a long time, because they got moved into the Addison district a long time ago, and you said it appears and may have said this earlier but there was the decision if we were going to trade off Charlotte and move them to Addison or keep Huntington in Addison and of course both communities weighed in somewhat formally and informally maybe elected leaders, but a lot of community members who were following the process so you know it that too I just want to say as a nuance where certain counties around the edges have towns that go to other counties. But this was the first time that we were breaking up a county otherwise, there are a couple counties that get put together in the kingdom. That is changing now in some ways but you know it's this was a new historic question that we were answering. I am going to have to go I just want to honor that I know some people felt like the process was a little bit jarring. And that was also we talked about in the NPAs, because the timeline got truncated because we couldn't trust the redistricting information that we got last year, and this being my second redistricting the timeline just felt a lot different than it did 10 years ago and even still tough decisions were made like a sliver of Burlington going to a new ski in the house district. A long time ago Chris Chris and I were, Senator Pierce and I were both there for that fight as well and so a lot of tough decisions get made you know the last couple things I want to say I'm sorry to take up sometimes just talking to one of your city high school and getting money right away for the high school transition. If you didn't have six Chittenden County senators who have to care about Burlington high school and you had to that just represented Burlington would be a very different conversation in the legislature I believe in the next biennium about how much the state is willing to set aside out your mark for the high school and some of the other needs of the community so it's coming up all the time just yesterday I thought thank goodness Burlington still has six senators. I'm somebody who moved from Burlington to Shelbert in the middle of my term just by virtue of getting married and you know moving somewhere where we could afford our marital home. Most people still think I live in Burlington because I try to represent you know Burlington's interest to the best of my ability people come to me about Burlington issues I've reported all of your charter changes on the floor. I'm about to report one of your your next charter changes on the floor. You know so that that I just want to say many of us as Jenny said a centered line said we care about Burlington, even if we don't live there. My final word is even in the US Senate it's always been the place where the T goes to cool the place that's less provincial than the house where you can't be focused on your own community, but you have to look really broadly. The last, you know, election, I came in first in Burlington and when you ski and 12 in Milton. So, you know, the humbling of having to represent a few different communities and do it to the best of your ability I think is something that's really valuable about about the Senate. I'm sorry I can't be here for longer and I know the process was more jarring this decade than it was last time, but I will leave my email in the chat, people want to reach out further. Thank you, Senator. I'll note that there was a comment in the chat, because I know that town meeting can't see them. I don't believe so. Basically saying, thank you, senators and representatives for working on this recognizing the reapportionment as a near impossible political task, but also as a parent of BSD students and a resident of Burlington. I'm really hopeful that our school district and city will be well represented in the State House on the many large problems that we face to your point Senator from Hinsdale and I just want to say actually a lot of Burlington's problems in terms of PCBs will become everybody else's because we redid many many high schools when we thought PCB were were fantastic chemicals because they were so fire retardant and lo and behold, they're fire retardant with with a caveat large caveat after that. And just an FYI to all the senators and reps our front porch form access will be changing to align the new boundaries so feel free to reach out. There, there is another question that I received, which went to the point of, where can we find a, you know, street by street map of this new district. I think this is one of the things that felt very not transparent. And I don't, I don't, I perhaps it's just a mapping capability of GIS, but the house maps show every street. You go and you look online, and the Senate maps are like large purple or blue blobs. And I think this is part of the reason perhaps why folks senators didn't perhaps hear from folks about hey what's happening. Personally, I only realized, maybe I think the day you guys had voted on it. What what this map really meant because I kept hearing Burlington's intact except for a little piece. And then I kept looking at the map until I went to the map drawer and realized, Oh, okay, it's our little piece. So I think that would be really helpful I don't know if that is something my guess is it doesn't exist yet but I'll let someone else take that. And my guess is also that we could ask Mr. Atherton to draw that so that folks could see at least the defining edges what those streets are but not Senator Pearson, is that a question to you. How, how can people get a street by street map. Sure, I'm happy to take it. And I'd like us to find any Cal chance that are divided a little bit of Colchester. Thank you. I'm going to ask a further clarifying question. So there are folks who live in, in the Hill section, who are represented by representative Barbara Rachel sin, would those folks be in the chitin central. So I think I can. Yeah, definitely. Yeah, go ahead. And somebody, if somebody could put the link that we do have in the chat so people could rep there by you. And somebody did, Senator Pearson, Senator chitin and did you want to weigh in. So I can speak a little bit to that because as Senator Pearson mentioned I did follow the process and I just want to applaud all of this good work he was meeting at seven o'clock in the morning and going until seven o'clock at night and there was just a lot of maddening tasks whenever you move these lines and how it just made a lot of things more difficult. I do recall that the final district map to the new house districts and so you chitin and 65 that you all or not all most of you all are in right now becomes chitin and 13 so if you go onto the website and see all the new house districts. I recall seeing that this new senate district chitin and southeast is actually chitin and house districts one through 13 so if you go through 123456 all the way to 13 as the new numbering systems that will show you all the house districts that compose chitin and southeast. I'd also add since I have the floor I just I want to say I really appreciate representing all of you I hope I've done it well and I will say to echo Senator Lyons' point this is on a unwieldly district of 180,000 representatives I pride myself as a city counselor in Burlington to always respond to emails it has been overwhelming so I look forward to in the future having half as many people so that I can be even more responsive and plug it to chitin and 13 the south end of Burlington even more so if you see ways for me to do so I welcome any ideas. Thanks Senator. I have another question that actually was texted to me from someone who couldn't join tonight, which was, why don't we have a district for maybe Burlington and Manuski, and then the northern suburban town suburban town and the southern suburban towns or there was another question, could we have broken off and I don't know if this is what this person meant but I think they're saying sort of the college section. Since perhaps those folks looking at my notes, you know, aren't living here full time may have different long term concerns with the school etc. And my guess is it relates to numbers but I'm trying to understand the question the question is why didn't we do something different based on common sort of geographical location instead of breaking up the city. I think that I think that Senator Pearson really addressed that very well. When he was talking about the difficulty and once you adjust one place. Everything else 10 starts to fall apart, you have to start all over. Yes, I think all of those things were considered and I think that Senator Pearson can respond to that directly because, again, this was a product of the, this is the work of the committee the reapportionment committee. And just as a, just as a thought here. I currently sit on education, the Education Committee, and I know Senator bruce has done an outstanding job in the past and sharing that committee. When the PCB issue has come comes up. It's all about Burlington, and we aren't leaving Burlington high and dry because I represent a new small section of Burlington, the PCB issue is district wide. And now it's statewide, and Burlington is going to help us model what needs to happen to improve our schools that were built after a specific date. And so that that issue has been highlighted as a result of Burlington and I think people are respecting the work that's going on in the in the school district and in the city. The instant response was just amazing and how the school was transitioned to Macy's was just outstanding. And that model is serving all of us very well. And another another note, I currently chair the Senate Health and Welfare Committee. I deal all the time with the UBM MC, and all the other hospital and health care facilities that are not just around our county, but across the state. Once we're here in the Senate, we carry the thoughts of our constituents with us very closely, and we listen very closely to the emails and the messages that we get from our constituents, but it goes beyond that to some of the broader topics that we get involved with when we're here in the Senate. Thank you. Yeah. Yeah. No, it certainly does. You know, I'm, thank you, Senator Lyons, I'm recognizing at 615. I don't, there are no more questions in the chat, if folks listening in. And, you know, with with your faces want to raise a question. Welcome to do so. But I also know it's actually sunny and not snowing. So let's give it a minute to see if folks have additional questions. Otherwise, and we will give it a minute. But I also just want to say thank you to all of the senators we had all six join us. And I really appreciate it. Both, both Tiff and I do, because we did hear from quite a few people and and really appreciate your time. We have one person saying thumbs up definitely wants to go join the sun and another special thanks. Okay, thank you. All right, so to television broadcast time meeting television. Folks, well, you can, you can always go look online and you have six senators right now you'll three senators moving forward but the truth is, many Burlington issues are shared as a city. And so we will still have six which is, as we've heard for the city, pretty, pretty unique and important, I think, given how many challenges we face and representative blumly. What did you want to say you were calling on me. Yeah, I just, I wanted to make sure that, you know, I mean this isn't the end of the conversation. I mean, obviously, this is a done deal. I wanted to give people an opportunity to express any concerns that they had so that senators who are going to be representing them, knew about them and and so that you understood the process and the decisions that that, especially Senator Pearson and the committee had to make so. If you have if there are people who think of questions afterwards, you should feel free to email any or all of the senators with those questions, but you can also get in touch with either one of us. I did, I did not know that actually our reapportionment reapportionment boards did not weigh in on the Senate maps and that's, that's a fascinating piece and I do recall also what Senator Pearson said that South Burlington was organized so that's a note to folks if you're, you know, 10 years from now, if we have concerns, we could be more organized, and I apologize if that wasn't me. With that being said, thank you so much. Representative Blumlee should we say goodbye and let everyone go have dinner and enjoy the sun. Unless there's anybody else with the last burning question. Okay. Thank you everybody. Thank you for showing up. Thank you senators bye bye.