I think so No, yeah I don't like me Anyway, are you whining? Yeah Okay, I've had a bit of a time. I haven't filled you in on my bit of a time But I've had a bit of a time. No, you have to be gentle with me Okay need to be gentle with you. Yeah, are you gonna fill me in after the show?   I appreciate that Yeah When they see you I go he's not that eight years As long as you love me that's all it matters How was your day? It's okay. I Got a lot done Chuck said that um good. I've been what when I've been jammin with chalk I've been jammin with him on his name, but we might have our first official gig as two surfer dudes That's the name of the band we came up with Two surfer dudes, so that might be uh that that gig would be may third I'll we'll know more in the next day or two So that that would be cool It's only a month. It's a month away.   They are Yeah, absolutely Well, you didn't include those adjectives Oh, but I was thinking it of course I was thinking it I was thinking you know with the with the rears, baby. She's going to be coming early Because she had a consultant appointment today And due to some complications she has to be born by the 37 Weeks Wow They're not going to they're not going to risk it and be a preemie She could be preemie We can have a nickel baby sending lots of love and positive energy to rea and Baby Erica That's right. She's going to be called Erica I can almost guarantee that. Well, I can guarantee it. Yeah I tease about that because My daughter's britney, you know, which and I call her brit, which is you know short for british So I said it's only fair that you know Rear should have A daughter named Erica short for america Right Yeah, yeah, yeah, no Yeah, my nanny violet. Um, she always has a nails and her eyebrows done Always That's where you got that We all have in in our family, you know, it's almost it's like mum if she's got to go shopping with her makeup on She'll still get lipstick on with her sunglasses on Yeah, and her nails always painted Ah We've got a bit of a time today with mama, but we got there. We're here. I wasn't sure if I could come on but I'm Oh, really you didn't tell me that I didn't have any clue No No Um, so two things that was one thing with rea another thing is you know the three like Again, boom a boom a boom. I had the other week. It's again another boom boom boom all three at the same time Is that the same time?  Oh, no Oh my god, I couldn't tell you So I've literally been teaching and then had to come straight on here And so he is fine. He's absolutely fine. He's not hurt Apart from a bit of wit lash, but um the back of his car His cars are right off, but the the boot just caged right in so Yeah, that happened as well that rea happened and then something else happened so And you'll tell me that something else later later. Yes How would you let us know how your week's going guys because it's Take a mind up everything else So I I know you keep trying to bring everybody else in so This is crazy What are we to learn about april the eighth the clipped with the comet? We look tell it once but we can keep looking at it to see because sometimes timelines change We can have a look can we? Later on. Yeah my love Yeah, I'm not nodding my head. You don't see my head nodding But my head is nodding. It should make a little marble sounds like marbles just floating around Okay, I heard the marbles Yeah, um, should we go outside to observe the eclipse with safety glasses, of course or stay inside Hmm. I don't know. Well, we'll have a look. I've got no my guides aren't telling me a single thing. Nothing. It's like done A lot tumbleweed that's what's going around in my head Regarding nothing Paula hello sending love to all. Thank you Paula Shannon Hello lovely Shannon Here's my mama tiffany Hello tiffany. What an interesting picture Isn't that lovely Linda don't just sing linda just say goodbye to linda One that's a lovely photo there of you linda Very nice I'll let you carry on my love Go ahead. No, I'm I'm trying to find something while you're doing that Oh All righty Um, uh, where did we get? Here it is. Yeah, which is A highly placed by ear tiffany greg. Will you be able to see what's coming up in april? Yep, so we've got that to look into My mum always had ellipsic nails done. Hello, anthony Hello there Yes, we have darling your bro in a car crush Yes, but he luckily is okay. So that's amazing He's Cindy. Hello sending um, up prayers for the baby. Thank you She has issues with her placenta. So Um, yeah, they don't want to push it too far Yeah, thank you, my mama Tiffany Any commentary on the eclipse and biblical prophecy being fulfilled? Are you guys thinking it's going to officially start the biblical start of the tribunals? We have to remember that one. Please um, um, make sure that you put them in capitals at least the start of it in capitals um, we'll try and I'm writing it down just because when we go in past to our look at the questions sometimes we can bypass it and we don't mean to Um, so if it's in capitals, it makes it a little bit easier Tiffany you may be new on here because I've not I don't recognize that picture so Maybe noon. Are you new here tiffany? If so, welcome if sometimes Have I frozen or greg frozen? I don't know if I'd frozen or can people let me know if it's me frozen or greg to go down to questions We're back. Wow That was weird. Did I freeze or you freeze or both of us freeze?  Have you changed your picture then tiffany? Because I would recognize that picture Uh, that next one is is a spam comment Oh, is it? Yeah It's just that you know, it's one of those general comments that people put on people's profiles that It doesn't mention anything specific It's a generalization so, yeah Yeah, oh, and he worked at the u.s. Army as a reserve. No, Tiffany. We love any questions So i'm gonna block that dude. Yeah, he did I apologize if i'm off topic, but i'm genuinely curious about you amazing people thinking. Oh, thank you No, you're not off topic. Lovely someone else answered it asked it earlier as well So it's on our list of of topics. So you're right on right on it. So no problem So page was saying I was frozen Sorry Page was that I was frozen. So I I guess you were fine. I I was frozen I rebooted right beforehand Yeah Yeah, sometimes it just does it doesn't it So it's have a fun five minutes Oh, yeah, your mom said that page said that high page low page So we're we came to leona's message their love and blessings to greg alley and all in the chat It's been a bizarre strange week as well odd energies Being projected to all to us of the light. I I agree I've I know that it's been a hard week for people because I get flooded with can you look at this? Can you look at that? Can you pull me card on this? Can you? So I know it gets like that where everybody's kind of in a kind of whirlwind Going on so and I've definitely had that so yes It's uh, yeah, it's hard Just gonna take some pain with it Okay, while you're doing that i'm gonna Do the screen share real quick so Let's go here Isn't this a great picture Yeah, and this picture Well, that's my nan my nanny viola uh-huh And you can see where ali gets gets her beauty from from the uh her mom and her Grandmother and this Like this was a great picture of you. I thought I thought you look great in this picture I know you like that one. I don't like that one, but you like that one Why not? I don't know Yeah You look fantastic Oh, please you like it love Well, I was thinking about updating your Um Picture for the weekly astrology. I thought that'd be a great one to use, but you don't like it Use it for you use it for you you like it No, no But I just thought it's time to update the picture time to give it a fresh look Change things around a little And uh But yeah, I like that picture and I saved it, but we'll be using it Why don't you give me a recent picture, but you like Alrighty, I will Okay Yeah See it's a gorgeous photo ali We both put we both pressed on a message then So look at my new mug that I got designed by my sexy husband And um, you can buy these in the Etsy shop. Can you these ones sure can this this one? Yeah, you sure can Yeah, um, if you haven't seen the Etsy shop, I definitely would have a look over there It's amazing. Um, he's really been working hard on designs of t-shirts mugs Yeah in 5d paraphernalia as well In 5d bits and pieces. So if you support the channel by Um If it you've got in 5d, there's mugs as their t-shirts as well Mugs t-shirts tank tops crop tops Yeah Can we do it a shake and have a look at your Etsy shop? Yeah, sure Give me a sec Excuse me Rocky To wait to wait So this is the in 5d Etsy shop Oops, hang on There we go Um, Lydia just bought one of these Which one? The mug Oh lovely Yeah, I love Lydia Thank you Yeah, but I've got stuff. I've got stuff on here. Um Like sun goddess The mug and the shirt Um some like souvenir kind of stuff too for like people that visit Uh, florida for vacation. Here's another one feeling beachy Feeling beachy and I got a matching mug right below that um And like the feeling beachy one comes in different colors as well Then here's a beach in it shirt and other a couple more siesta key ones Uh peace and love mug Eat sleep beach repeat Better peace Same image is the first one two three four Five images at the top there we're staying on those That's weird It wasn't scrolling down with you Yeah Yeah, and if you can click on them it makes it bigger so that we can see them because we can't see the writing Oh, okay. Let's let's try this then hang on Let's go like that and Here's green. Here we go. This will be much better and easier How does that look? Better. Yeah I suppose if you click on it, it's going to get bigger, isn't it the image? I don't know. Let's find out. Yeah. Oh, perfect. Perfect. Yeah So this one seems to Be getting a lot Views and interests so that's a Good one. Uh one sexy hippie check beach in it Feeling beachy Yeah being beachy I'm always feeling beachy And yeah, here's the one that lydia just bought she should be receiving it shortly the n5d mug And we have an n5d t-shirt as well Yeah Sun goddess Yeah Along with the matching of course tank top That's better. We can see that easily now. Yeah. Good. Good I made some for like, uh, you know siesta key tourists if they wanted something unique Siesta key beach established 1907 home of the 99 99.9 percent quartz crystal sand And then I also have stuff like You know pine glasses with unique sayings on them because when I was growing up I was heavily into sports and competition And uh darts was one of my favorite Favorite things to play in competitive sports after I You know after the age of 30, you know when you're no longer playing football or Or baseball and stuff like that, but yeah, and then for the other ones Undisputed beer pong Is it do you guys play beer pong over there do kids play that? Uh, probably in house parties. I would say I would think Yeah, I would think so too Darts and beer. That's why I'm here And titties and for the titties And the bowling And the bowling titties in the bowl. Yeah Yeah, there's a another darts one darts and beer But yeah, I then I go back into here's here's the one that Ellie's drinking out of right now Here's an interesting one, which is brew And all all these mugs are front and back side the copies Have some usually it's the same on the front as it is on the back But this one's a little different this one says which is brew on the front and special magical blend On the back. So that one's a little different Here's another variation of the one that you have but in a black mug lovely You are my angel And then the hippie I got I I love the hippie kind of vibe stuff So I put stuff out there like mom's mug with a peace sign on it I also have one that says dad's mug and happy hippie mother's day For anyone looking for a mother's day mug For a mom, that's hippie And here's the same thing in the black It looks pretty cool Right This is you one sexy hippie chick On sexy hippie chick.  Yeah, you're both Here's our N5D sure From some time ago this didn't I bought this uh-huh So here's my first sale Of course This one's wow. That's great Transformation in progress downloading 99 complete. This also comes in a matching t-shirt So, yeah, yeah, and I'm adding new stuff every day. So Yeah, it has grown I enjoy I enjoyed doing graphic arts and creating stuff like that so Yeah Could you do like, um Design a mug for a person? Sure. Okay for a person Yeah, so if someone said can you design a mug like that and this wording? Yeah, I'm sure I could do a custom mug like that Yeah, so if you if you guys want that because some people have little nicknames for people which you could never find anything on that But I think that would be good Yeah, I'm learning how to That's one of the things I'm learning how to do to put up in my store For people to have customized certain Mugs that can be custom customized But uh, yeah pictures names everything, you know if they had a picture and a name that they wanted on there definitely So Thank you my love Um, and I'll I'll throw the link in the chat right now If you want check it out go visit it Um, my big news of the week is that I finally hit my target weight of 199 pounds I've been on the keto diet since January 1st And I weighed in at 226.3. I think When I first started and I'm At 199.1. So I've lost 27 pounds on keto And I'm at that point where well last night I've been so good about not cheat. I haven't cheated at all Last night.  That's the first time I'm and that was last night with ali Wow, so you've done amazing Thank you so focused you've been so focused I have welcome when I put my mind to something I go for it 100 percent Like you Wow You look amazing darling you do.  You got to have more energy because you know, I'm not carrying around that extra weight and So I'm But I think I'm just going to maintain at this point. I don't think I'm really not going to try to lose anymore I'm happy with this weight. I'm happy with the way I look As long as you're happy. I'm happy Oh, I'm happy with whether you're bigger or smaller. I'm happy I know you always love me regardless You have the most incredible beer goggles Or Love I have I do you do because You see something that I don't apparently I'm not the only one I'm not the only one darling people notice notice this Adonis on the beach you're getting, you know Interest on the beach Yeah, but that's guys and girls That's guys and girls my love Pat, I know I'm probably Yeah, oh no, what you were talking about is that yes the stalker Yeah, it's been uncomfortable and surprised. I'm like, how are you surprised that there's somebody who who fancies you darling on the beach? I mean crikey They're going to aren't they I don't find that offensive. I think well, I'd find it offensive if you said hey I'm happily in a relationship back off, you know, and then then they kept doing it. That's like rude but I Well, you know, I've been going to this I've been going to this one particular part of the beach for years. I've never seen this woman before until last week And uh, all of a sudden I got a stalker so He's got good and maybe maybe Don't blame her Maybe maybe She's just a very friendly person But he could be I feel uncomfortable so Very Very in your face kind of person I don't do well with that You don't do well in any way with people either Unless it was you Wow, yeah You got that already love. Yeah, you can get in my face Okay, I will as soon as I can I will Oh, yeah When did we get to with the chat? I don't know. I figured you'd figure it out. So Thank you for the Thank you, Debbie Hello, hello lovely children. Oh, well, thank you Ella Ellen Ellen. How do you say that? I Learn and Mary hello Mary And mum believes that the tribunals have already started. I think some of them have started. I I feel it I feel it That's Tiffany shouting. I've been here for years. Why have you not noticed? But we just mean to not notice. Oh, yeah, don't pick that off Don't highlight that one Yeah, I guys Spam and Yeah That's the dude I've locked just watch. Oh, so she Mostly just watch Don't comment often. Oh, okay. That's why we haven't seen you so Oh, lovely jody. Hey jody. I'm wearing the unique makeup that jody um sent me So, thank you jody if anybody wants to actually be a unique rep You want to work for unique makeup And skincare then jody is your person really she is amazing And such a lovely lady and on her facebook page. She goes live doing tutorials most days Um, so definitely um capture over there. She always showing new products and things So, yeah, I love the unique makeup. It's beautiful. So, thank you jody Leslie uplifting your spirit early you guys always do whenever I go live Um, I can start off low and I just get I just get a lift just with being around my my love and being around you guys It helps does I feel a heaviness when I try to connect with you that I have never felt before sure Lots of changes going on something is very different on this timeline as well Yeah, it's a bit of a heavy one. Yeah, you're right I really own a weird energy this week. I feel like I'm in a time warp This is Prescott Thank you Page how are you doing page? We haven't seen page for a while have we? No Okay, Ali's Ali's clicking well tonight clicking Was my computer clicking again Is it? It was really loud for your astrology readings Exceptionally loud was it? Yeah Not all the time but when it was ticking I was ticking Don't hear it at all. Love. This is the third I know this is the third computer Really odd energies Yeah, that photo was taken at Ria and Craig's wedding, which was in Greece and it was the best wedding. It was lovely. It's beautiful Abroad weddings are so pretty aren't they? Brian said I've been really tired the last two weeks Must be the energy going around Are we nearly at the end? No, we've still got loads to go. We're very very late We I'll just do them quickly Linda They great pictures of lovely women. I love that one too, Greg. Red is her color He's also gorgeous. I love how you lift Ali and the women up in her. He does. He's a real gentleman Thank you star feather. Hello You look lovely tonight, Ali. Thank you mama Though does Ali that picture is gorgeous. We can see how far back that is. Look It reminds me of Stevie Knicks Do I look like Stevie Knicks? That's why your daughter's named Rihanna Yeah, please visit the Etsy shop support Fleetwood Mac Stevie Knicks is that who is he in Fleetwood Mac? Stevie Knicks Oh, I didn't know It's a she She's the singer one of the singers and And she sings the song Rihanna Is he in the band? If you didn't know any better, you would think Stevie is a a guy but no It's been nearly 30 years done. I just don't know Yeah Psycho reader video. Oh, Swami. Hi, Lisa. She's talking about Swami Tommy before Swami Tommy, I think Yeah, I think so Haven't done Swami Tommy in a while. I think he's hello Chrissy He's gonna come back for I'm gonna do I have a video that I want to do about just Sitting on the couch and clicking through the channels and then I'll be doing like little skits on each click of the channel And I've got all these little ideas that I want to put together Swami Tommy will be one of them.  Yeah Treat yourself paula going Going through Ellie's photos picking up my favorite so many lovely photos. Oh, thank you It's not a bad one in there Yeah How's our dog song doing? Yeah, she's got a a dog called song Spiritual gangster is His favorite there Oh look message for you. What's up? I remember you from project Avalon Trying to figure out the truth. Did you actually miss the information about the holy grail at the north pole, bro? Uh, I did what's it gonna take to get through to anyone that blood over Intent is what people need to do to kick off the exodus No, I didn't catch that. But yeah, you got a boy. You got a good memory to remember project Avalon I was there from like day one on on that that Forum that they had Yeah, very good How are you doing michael? Are we all caught up? Nope a few more left Okay, I see where you are. There's Barbara awesome. Thank you I was beard darts and some bowling back in the day right on Those were the days. I love that stuff. I would still do it. Heck. Yeah Ooh, which is brew indeed Here's a question. Was there an uptick in interference this week? What do you do to lesson effects? It's a good question I say yes And thank you linda Here you know, there's the link to the etsy shop Right on Hi to mel I love cheesecake. Yeah and honestly It's just such a thin coat Of graham cracker crust that i'm not You know, I i'm kind of it's what what I do is called lazy keto And I just kind of keep within the parameters And I have like zero Carbs throughout the day anyway. So if I get a few carbs In the cheesecake crust I'm okay with that I'm not going to stress out over You both both look and are amazing, especially ali right on You're amazing too, linda. You're beautiful. Yes, you are. We're just reflecting you Hi kira On the live shows at work usually but love seeing you both. Thank you For your love and showing people that love is real. It is Thank you for joining us kira at work now So sending love to all We're an hour earlier in the uk because The time has changed Greg's end and not my end. So yeah There's a four-hour difference right now and then we have one more week of this and then Everybody in the uk springs ahead as well. So We'll be you won't have to worry about it after next week Thank you, lisa Happy birthday. Lovely ali from carol Thank you carol beautiful lady I applaud it and I'm lovely Birthday wish and kira talk to her greg Talk about how deeply in love you are With you beautiful and lovely why just my thoughts he does all the time She's okay. She's okay. I guess I I write I write her mushy stuff like yeah, so yeah Yeah, I definitely his card. I got myself all made up. I was ready to go somewhere I can't remember and I nearly ruined my makeup when I read the card it was uh Yeah, so I definitely get I get all of that I cannot ever grumble about any of that he does it far more for me than I do it for him Um, and I feel bad about that, but he's so good with words. He's just amazing in words with you are And then when I go there before I leave I hide little notes all around the house um For her to find and I know you as well Yeah, you did and you gave me All these little scrolls Better, you know, here's I got one right here So that show the scroll jar I don't know what it says show the scroll drop jar darlin. Yeah Make sure it's one that can be read out You make me want you without trying Okay But yeah, there's I I put I put the ones that are in there in there as well. So So, yeah, that's They're all individual messages for him and he just picks one out when he wants Mm-hmm. So, yeah, I that's the kind of stuff I love because you know it you can't You can't buy that in a store. It's from the heart No We gotta get here because it's already Really, I have like half an hour to answer questions and we haven't gotten through all the comments I'm going to be um pulling this drawer as well this raffle guys. Okay, this raffle um is for a lovely lady who um knew I'd smashed my computer And uh, that's hence. This is the new computer Um, so she knew I'd done that. I didn't have any money for a new computer But she bought the most expensive thing this is on my website, which is 10 um hour lessons Uh weekly lessons for psychic development one to one And um, and so she bought that but she said all she wants is a reading and could I I could raffle off the rest of it So I have I have been um Collecting raffle Um for this Okay, so people have been picking numbers And I've just said it's a dollar or a pound to have a go I can if you want to I can add more on if anybody does want then a place in It's 10 people. I'm going to pick out 10 names And each person then gets an hour one to one psychic development with with me So, um if that one's full up But if anybody wants um Have a go I'll be pulling that at the end of this show here. Okay. So anyway, that's That's what I wanted to say Okay, so um, we've got a We've got to go back. Oh, everyone's talking about your your swami. I call him twami I'm sure it's a fan alley I feel like it's something that you're white about your wife. I seems unlikely that three computers with exactly There can't be three I don't know what we're even doing, but it's now I'm gonna mute his mic. I don't know what that sound is It sounds like he's digging snow That's what it sounds like Coconut sugar has half the carbs of white sugar is brown and addicted to the flavor Monk fruit sugar and zero carbs, but is expensive. So the products I've seen are mixed Okay, I muted you darlin because Trying to figure out what I was going to have for dinner tomorrow Because I thought you were going to draw the names I thought you said you were drawing the names. So I gave you like the little Oh, no, no at the end. I'm giving people charts if anybody wants to have a go I'm giving people the chance if they want to add their name to Okay Yeah, so I think I think I'm gonna have stuffed chicken breasts with ricotta and cream cheese and some spices pepper paprika parsley Some other spices in there Yeah, that sounds good Yeah, if I could order ready meals that were keto I would Yeah, because most of the meals you buy have everything everything in them, but you're buying like Uh, low calorie low carb kind of stuff, aren't you? Yeah Right on Well, let's get to our questions because we don't have a lot of time to do this. We only have like half an hour I'm ready my love. I'm ready ready ready Okay, our first two come from Tracy who's asking What are we to learn from the April 8th eclipse with the comment? And should we go outside and observe the eclipse with glasses? All right, so Um, we're off the bat. What are we to learn? Well Right off the bat. Yeah, not everything is as what it seems right So there's things that are going on with this particular comment and on this particular day That to me it's almost as if Something unknown is gonna everyone has their their ideas of what could be and what, you know, it might represent, but I think that there's something else going on something else Celestial got the star card That's attached with this um, and it might have something to do with the energies that are coming in with this comment so um Just pay attention to that you know The the the word dna upgrades popping into my head with the energy that's coming in so Upgrades are on the way that's what i'm feeling and uh, her other question was should we go outside? And um, yeah, yeah, I got the ace of swords for that. Yeah, you can go outside and watch it. Just do it responsibly, right? There are ways of doing it special glasses and ways of viewing it Without damaging your eyesight. Yeah so Yeah, with safety glasses, definitely you'll be fine That's what I got I do that head nod a lot and I don't even know I'm doing it, but he says I do He takes the key out of me guys. He does Takes the key, but I'm okay with that anyway, um So, um, I got the yes, you can go outside as well Obviously to take proportions as we all do Um, so that's all fine. Um, so I don't get much Regarding any warnings or anything like that going on with with uh with the comet. Um, I do feel that um This I don't feel as if it's it's an actual comet I know this is gonna be pretty far out there, but there is Definitely something that is um either inside it around it. I don't know just an energy field around it That's not quite And you're normal They they do say um my guides are saying, you know, the energy is good The energy is good. Um, so store your energy Back into yourself Use its energy To enhance yourself and heal yourself. So, you know, um Everything with an intention is is good if you've got a bad intention or you're worried about it Then you're going to get bad stuff from it And I know that sounds simplistic, but Um, it our intention says it all it puts the marker on things There's good and bad and everything so picture it being good for you and feel the energy come through Um, because I've got the temperance card, which is about the balance I got the um ace of pentacles, which is about empowerment Okay, and new energy new power. So when you said upgrades, I would say, yeah, I would say yes I would I would agree that there are upgrades in it. Um, you know store away any of the excess energy So this won't just be energy to top you up for now This is going to be energy that you can use later as well Think of it as a battery yourself as a battery Holding in the energy. Um, but keep your mind thinking clearly and able to Um process it being good There you go. That's what I've got Yeah, I I'm with you on that, you know feeling like there's something more to it than Just a comment, you know that star card came up and then getting that DNA upgrade pop into my head As well as something more to this particular Comment So it's going to be interesting when it pops around here in about three weeks or so Our next question. Thank you, Tracy Our next question comes from tiffany any commentary on the eclipse and biblical prophecy being fulfilled Are you guys thinking it's going to officially start the biblical start of tribulation? So I already got some cards drawn on this and we'll take a peek at What I see so What I'm seeing is that You know, um The whole biblical prophecy thing a lot of you know, the bible was written by man to control man It's all about subservience control and conformity. It's the same template as every government We got the double card coming right off the bat on this um, so what what Those in power are trying to do and this is for entertainment purposes only right Our disclaimer But what those in power are trying to do is to you know, create the end times To put people into that position and that's what they're doing. That's what they're doing Um and to get us to that that point we got the death card, which is new beginning, but they're not telling us everything that We need to know They've they've withheld a lot of information in the bible like certain books the book of enok for example, right? so there's A lot of prophecy out there Some may be true some some may be man made to push an agenda so I wouldn't put a lot of weight into that Bible prophecy because a lot of it's being created by man to control man. That's what I have okay So I've got messages as Greg was talking then and What I feel With regarding the the bible and regarding um Information coming from the bible some of it is Has been put there and has been channeled through um By I think higher dimensional people um either channeled through Somebody like nostradamus, but obviously it's not nostradamus, but somebody like that who could um see the future And some of that does play out. Okay, so you can't really say that you know, there's a lot of things that have happened that are like Wow, that was just what's been in the bible um But it obviously it has to be what we interpret it to be because the bible can be interpreted um in a positive way and in a negative way And some of it was was actually written by people who had very Low energy You know like her judgments and things like that that was all out there Okay, and it's in the bible as well which which is where some of these wars start off and some of these religious kind of Arguments happen, which is just wrong Um because it should all just be about love So regarding this matter. I feel that Sometimes yes, it's all prophesied and some of it is but then what I'm also seeing is Sometimes the darker energy is out there as in the the people manipulating this country the cabal Illuminati people all of those people And they use what's written in there to frighten and scare the population into You know doing as we're told and fear They feed off the fear and they feed off that to then gain control Or take control from the people so, you know And we have to take it with a pinch of salt Why don't we just throw away all of that and just go with what we feel on a day to day basis Start believing in yourself And in your own kind of you know channel channels and things What do your loved ones tell you, you know, and if it feels like fear it's not coming from the high good And sometimes we have to look and see past what What is put out there? So that's just what I see I think we've got a spam To my house I love you more. I don't mean I love See, this is the truth I love you more than any fight we ever have we don't fight but anyway I love you more than the distance between us a few more than any obstacle that could try and Come between is I love you the most Yeah, I do send him things like that.  I was just like shouting it from the rooftops He did Our next question comes from mel d Was there an uptick in interference this week? What do you do due to lesson effects? um Well, that's assuming that there was an uptick, but I To answer your question. Yes there was there was um, but It's not what you think it is.  Um, so sometimes You have smoke and mirrors and you say damn it I know there's something going on because they want us looking over here. Well, they do want us looking over here or there and But in in this case it's for the good Something big's happening behind the scenes that's gonna Break open soon. You'll see You'll see Because not only did we get the sun, but we got the world It's a major major thing that's happening behind the scenes So to lessen the effects don't worry about it Whatever this is Whatever that is the interference that's that's going on Don't worry about it because it's all gonna work out fantastically for everyone That is not part of the cabal That's what I have Let's see what ellie has for us right on um right on the The readings that we're doing at the moment are very much um empowered readings. They're very much um know your power And don't underestimate yourself and so sometimes we When we feel fearful it's because we have forgotten how powerful we are And so if there is an uptake in interference um You know, you can swipe it across like a fly. It's like all right. There's interference. Okay deal with it move on Okay Interference might be the same thing as learning lessons as things turning up that you need to deal with Don't forget. We are here to evolve. We are here to We are here to move forward on our spiritual pathway.  What do we do? Um, and the secret is Who know your power?  Okay, that's your safety bubble around yourself. Make sure that at all times that you've got that It's like um Visualize it as not having any breaks in it visualize it as being shiny and sparkly in you know glowing Okay, and uh other people you're bumping into lots of people who are also sparkly and shiny And so yes, they're I mean like I said to you today There has been three major things that's happened to me today I could have sat at home And not done anything and not come on here to see you guys I could have sat at home and cried and cried and cried, but I have done that earlier. I'm here now Because it's all to do with how do I deal with these things these things that are here to try us How do we do that? Um, it's all to do with am I a victim? Am I a survivor? What do I want to be known as and what do I want in my future?   Okay next day. Um, so that's that's all I can say really on that How I deal with things It's not always easy to bounce back, but we we do try hey Indeed Thank you my love Anita is asking Is a junk bond crash coming? Well, that's started It's a high risk Bond that people use to try to Get equity And oftentimes it's Very very risky, but you can make a lot of money on it. There was a junk bond crash. I think in the late 1980s Um, and you know history has a way of repeating itself. So You know, that's what she's pretty much asking is a junk bond crash coming and well, let's We'll take a peek at can you Can you do this one and I back out because you know more about this I do yeah. Yeah, sure Okay um So, yeah Is a junk bond crash coming? Yep Hell yeah It is And of course the mainstream media is not telling us everything, you know, they're making it seem like everything is Fine and dandy, but they're not telling us everything that we want to hear um You got the man sitting on his chest protecting everything and that's what the mainstream media is doing They're making it seem like everything's fine and dandy Uh, kind of like, you know, what trump said about a bloodbath happening if he doesn't win the election was taken Thoroughly out of context by the mainstream media Um, that's pretty much what they're doing right now. They're putting You know trying to install faith Or instill faith In the federal reserve When everyone knows there's nothing in fort nox, you know, the crash is inevitable and that's where we're at right now. We have this You know this path, which way is it going to go? Well, we already know there's some things that are inevitable No fiat currency has ever survived The the test of time none. They all fail. Why because it's based on fiat currency It's based on money that was created out of nowhere The example I use is that let's say I am the bank. I'm the only bank and I only have a hundred dollars And I can lend it to you, but I expect you to pay me back 110 if there's only a hundred dollars in the world And I'm that bank. How are you going to come up with that extra ten dollars when it doesn't exist? That's where hyper inflation comes in And that's where your value of your dollar decreases every day. So Uh to answer your question. Yeah, um, is there one coming? Yeah and uh, it will be the It will kick off The uh next Stock market crash and not just that the crash of Most currencies that are built on actually all currencies that are built on fiat currency that anything By the world bank Is all gonna come down. So And think of it this way In order for us to move forward everything that's not built in humanities best interests must collapse And it's collapsing before our eyes.  If there was no such thing as money, what would you be doing with your life? myself I'd Have a crop and I put a sign out front saying if you're hungry help yourself And if you know someone that's hungry grab a little for them too I'd also help teach children Help them find their true divine purpose for being here and help Facilitate that growth without specifically saying you need to do this or I'd want them to make that decision for themselves. So I asked my parents my dad said he would be a farmer as well He would grow food and help people But my mom goes that's preposterous. What do you mean if there's no such thing as money? There has to be money No, there doesn't No, there doesn't So eventually I think there's going to be a world without money And I guarantee you if a UFO were to land in your backyard There's two things that the extra terrestrial would not have Number one a bible number two money Think about that. But that's what I got for that that question right on I'm afraid that one of mine Hello I mean you could look into the like the banks you know or Stock market crash. I don't know or you don't have to do anything. I think I got you covered I can look into the bank. I see with the banks, but the trouble is we can't give times I do know that the banks are going to crash. I do know That it's going to be okay. And nobody's going to be without money They might be for a little bit. There might be a little bit of a transition thing Um, but I feel eventually that there is going to be a different currency. I believe Um, and I do feel that that currency will be kind of like a a world currency rather than it being So and I feel that that that is because we are literally done with being manipulated and They're stealing from from us And I believe that anything that we've paid like extra in in taxes and extra in You know when you've had a loan out and they've kind of, you know, really ripped you off Um, all of that is going to be coming back to people. That's what I truly believe um, and uh, I think everybody's going to be better off um in the in as soon as this happens that the crash has got to happen And biden's watch. Okay. The new currency will come out. Um in the next uh trump admission And so that's what I see. That's what I see just to let you know that on sunday the 24th of march Uh, we are hopefully at greg is i'm presuming greg is i'm not sure but anyway, we're going to come on and um, I'm going to be doing it selling some of my jewelry um that I've been making and then also um, I'm going to be um doing some readings and maybe greg too um, hopefully greg's going to show some t-shirts maybe um, and uh, yeah, I'm going to be um, just being on here. We're going to do a raffle as well. So really nice raffle And um, yeah, it's going to be from the details are coming up below below here. Look, it's 8 p.m. UK 4 p.m. Eastern 1 p.m. Pacific time So my handmade jewelry made with complete love. I put so much love in there newly designed products as well on there. So I've been making new new stuff um, I'm going to be doing readings a raffle laughter And uh, hopefully we'll show you the Etsy shop as well with some products and stuff So yeah, I'm I'm excited about it. That will be sunday So, yeah That's what I've even come back my love I think he's he's doing some bits and pieces. So Um, there is something else I wanted to say Um, so shall I pick the raffle now? Maybe Yeah Okay, so um, I'm going to do this so um at the bottom of the screen and it'll explain what this raffle is about So 10 lucky people Um will be picked out. I've cut them up and they're all in here. Okay. All these these here So, um, it is a pound a go. Okay pound or a dollar um, you can pay on psychic alley net To make a payment button or you can go to paypal Which is guiding angels at bt internet dot com guiding angels at bt internet dot com And uh, or you can do it in the super chat here. That's fine as well Um, so yeah, that's all I want and basically I'm gonna Is a few extra numbers if anybody does want to 43 44 45 46 47 48. Um, so you've got literally a minute A minute or two to decide I'd whether or not you want to be part of this so it is for 10 one to one hour psychic development sessions. Okay, so I'm gonna pick there's 10 people 10 winners each one. There'll be an hour Arrange between ours for a one to one psychic development lesson for you So, yeah, if you wanted to take part in that let me know I'm just gonna go Here I see you 44 for you. Okay. I will add you sort the payment out in a minute um whilst I do this so Kira I am Okay I'm gonna put youtube there. I've got you there. Okay so Anybody else? Gonna be Gonna be quick because I'm gonna How do we pay so you can go to psychic alley Maybe you're right to put it in the chat the payment thing. Is that for me? So, yeah, you can go to my website psychic alley net and there's a make a payment button Or you can go to paypal guiding angels at being called internet Dot com. Okay, so I presume it's just kira going in Okay All right, so I'm gonna start to pick them ready. Okay. Here we go First Winner is Cindy that's funny Everybody in the class knew that Cindy was going to win. Okay, everybody in the class knew so there you go number 34 Cindy That's the first one next one is Cindy's one again. She bought the rest of the ticket so Doesn't surprise me so she wins another hour So she wins two hours so far Okay, Mareha good Mareha's one an hour There you go Next one. Thank you for the payment Kira And the next one is Jeanette. She also comes to class as well Jeanette Is that one or two? Okay, Tracy Tracy here Okay, so I know I've seen Tracy in the chat Tracy Um, please message me on my website.  She's she's been here. She's asked some questions. Okay, so So that's five. Let's have a look the next one is Cindy again. She's won three hours But she did literally she's bought about 10 tickets guys, so Kelly Kelly as well. She comes to psychic development too Tina Tina tarik Okay, Tina tarik. I believe that she's had a reading recently and that's how I know her We've got two more tickets to go Here's one Linda Linda w Linda winger Okay There you go Linda Last one is Here Tracy You've won two hours so you can do two separate hours or one two hour one. My suggestion would probably be two separate ones So There you go Um, that's the raffle done. So congratulations to all the winners has won one Yep, so thank you everybody and thank you. I thank you too. You know who I'm just can I say a name? It's all gone frozen again. Oh dear. Am I frozen guys or is Greg frozen? I don't know I'll have to wait and see in the chat. Congratulations everyone. Oh, Kira. I'm sorry you didn't um I didn't win so Tracy is here. I believe If so Let's have a look. So thank you everybody who has um who um gave This back to the people Okay, so Greg's it was Greg side obviously. So thank you to to uh Thank you to that lady. You know who you are. So she knew I needed a computer She paid for this course this 10 week psychic development one to one It's like a development course. She didn't need the course didn't want the course Um, but she is having a one hour reading and she said for me to raffle off The rest so I thought rather than it be one person winning a 10 week I thought it would be nice to have 10 winners Um 10 winners of an hour. Okay. So that's where that came from They're kicking you off tonight my love aren't they?   We'll boot them off.  So Linda. Yep one of the winners It's Greg that's frozen Not anymore Got one more question Appreciate you guys Is that sorry? I thought we're done. Sorry Well, it wasn't in caps And Shannon right after that said please put questions in all caps so they won't So she had us covered This is a new name.  Welcome aboard future reference like what Shannon said, please put the questions in uppercase because Ali skipped over it and I almost did myself. So um the question is a good question too australian government has cancelled their current monetary system For a digital system only how will this affect the populace? In australia and how will this affect other governments? That's a great question Uh, the first thing I want Yeah, I didn't either this first. I've heard of this and I want to show something here real quick Ali's mom I believe shared this on On facebook And i'm putting it out here I shared it on my in 5d telegram page Keep cash alive and because that's what they're doing in australia. They're moving away from cash Without cash, there is no car boot sales um, you know No garage sales. No markets No tooth fairy. No piggy bank No saving cash for a rainy day. No tipping the waiter or hairdresser. I mean you could You could still write the tip in but if you wanted to give cash you couldn't do that No giving to the homeless.   Here's the line. They've stepped way over it And uh, you know, and that's going to help to awaken More and more people and i mean right now you feel like you're trapped, but it's not that it's it's that You're playing a huge role right now in helping to awaken the rest of the world I mean just the question here ellie and i had no clue about that what was going on But you're bringing that awakening and awareness by asking that question on this live program There's new beginnings coming and it's not it's not what This is talking about it's about An actual gold back currency And maybe that's the big thing that's going to be happening real soon, but we also got the world on this So it's it's not You know, you guys you guys are just Holding space right now and putting that That shitty proposition out there, but to help the rest of the world say fuck. No, we don't want that There's no way that's going to happen here in the united states There there'll be utter chaos and I'm not I don't know what you guys are doing there and Australia about it Or why it was allowed to happen, but You know that it was allowed And you're playing a role in helping to awaken the world So we thank you and let's hope that this we all can move collectively beyond The out currency. That's what I have My love Wow Whoops Oh, I love it. I love you, baby. Um, so no this This here just puts a heaviness in my heart That this has happened And I really feel for everybody, you know affected by that Because like greg said all of those things, you know, you you're saying goodbye to those things That we do with cash that we take for granted Um It's not it's not how it's supposed to be It's really really not Um, we don't want to be tracked with absolutely everything we're doing. We want our own freedoms And so, you know, how would this affect other governments? Um, other governments are going to try and push it through The same as they, you know, they are the fact that it's gone through. How did it get through? um, the government How did it get through their system? How did it how did they Push this through that's what I would like to know and what was happening that was distracting them while this did There was a real need that's supposed to be the MPs are supposed to be warning everybody Um, you know, hey over here. This is what's happening.  Anyway, the littleness they are basically Trying to say that you people do Not matter So what you're what you want and what you don't want doesn't matter And it's like what are you going to do about it? What what are you going to do about it? That's that's their thing And there's a lot of people who are saying well, I could help But I can't be bothered. I'm too busy and that's what they're relying on The fact that people are just too busy worrying about how they're going to pay their bills You know, that is what's happening And they're going to go without judgment But not for long because those of us who are the digital warriors out there Those of us that know that this is happening And this is your job to Share this information Get it out there Be the digital rebels Be the people who are going to make the world stand up and notice so that it doesn't get slipped Around the back door to actually, you know We we we do not want to sacrifice our Our freedoms Alongside, you know, the australians to try and get this known so that they can get some help in getting out of that situation That they're in There's been loads of different bills trying to be written and forced in By the back door. And that's what they did during the The lockdowns that's what they did then and you know, a lot of those are coming into effect now. So Yeah It's not too late because we have the power in them in the with the people that doesn't mean Violence that means peaceful protesting. That's what that means So we should all be standing together with Australia And helping them in any way we can and i'm i'm for it. I'm there So Are you guys going to be there helping as well? That's what I want to say Interesting the internet has been down in places here in australia so they can only take a cache Interesting and there's a lot of commentary going on about Australia like leona saying I I haven't heard of this government change I live in australia and I was looking up and while you were answering I was looking online And it's I found an article that says the reserve bank is actively researching central bank digital currency cbdc As a complement to their existing forms of money. So that that's saying that They're looking into the digital currency as an existing As a complement to of course, this is what david ike calls calls the totalitarian tiptoe, right?  Also, they're There's what is called an a u d d which is short for an australian digital dollar And that's designed to meet the speed efficiency transparency and demands of a The growing shift into the digital world. So Shit's in progress right now.  We the we the people have a lawful right to rebel We do Absolutely Without this is for energy Have you noticed yes Have you noticed have you noticed that The people who are seen to be like maga Oh, is this glitching again because every time I'm talking until I'm gonna over you. I don't mean to Is it glitching again? okay, so um So the the people who are that seem to be kind of kicking off and saying no to everything They are the people who are nonviolent There's been no violence the people who are saying no to everything we're not You know demonstrating in the streets violently like they did with antifa and things like that and and This is what they're saying. It's just double standards everywhere. It's wrong true yeah, you know the I firmly believe in peaceful non-compliance, but If it comes down to it Our freedom is worth everything it's worth Everything and more and I can't say anything more than that on here I could on rumble, which we're going to be at in about 19 minutes That's a good segue from that into God, we've only got 19 minutes. Okay. I know so Yeah, if you're watching on facebook that link is up there for our rumble feed and if you're watching on youtube It's down here. We want to thank you all for joining us Thank you for all the wonderful questions the incredible chat that we've had with you And uh, if you're watching this on the recorded version, thank you for joining us as well Anything you want to wrap up on my love No, only that I was gifted this book Just want to quickly say I was gifted this book Childhood trauma some rise some fall by debora brown balkman. Please look it up on amazon. Oh my god The goodness is brilliant. It's really good. Have another chance to read all of it But I know this lady very well. Um been reading for a few years Um, this will really help you or help somebody that you love Um, who've they've been through trauma? Yeah right uh and uh I put a link in The chat hyperlinks where you can just click it right there check out the uh the new n5d etsy shop Uh, we'll be back. Hopefully we'll be back on in 18 minutes rumble rumble Yeah, so uh, see you there. Thanks again for joining us everyone. Much love to all. Bye. Bye


The Landsat-8 satellite successfully launched with two thermal infrared bands on February 11, 2013, providing another opportunity for remote sensing of land surface temperature, LST. However, calibration notices issued by the USGS indicated that data from the Landsat-8 thermal infrared sensor, TIRES-11 had large uncertainty and suggested using TIRES-10 data as a single spectral band for LST estimation. To address this issue, researchers developed an improved monowindow, IMW, algorithm for LST retrieval from the Landsat-8 TIRES band 10 data. Three essential parameters, ground emissivity, atmospheric transmittance and effective mean atmospheric temperature, were needed for the IMW algorithm to retrieve LST. Additionally, a new method was proposed to estimate the parameter of effective mean atmospheric temperature from local meteorological data. Other two essential parameters could be both estimated through the so-called land cover approach. Sensitivity analysis conducted for the IMW algorithm revealed that the possible error in estimating the required atmospheric water vapor content had the most significant impact on the. This article is authored by Fei Wang, Ji Haoching, Kai Ying Song, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


So, I have been using OBS to basically record myself in front of a virtual whiteboard, so I could do things like, okay, this is my physics equation for today, we're gonna explain it, and I could write over it. But I first did, I used the virtual camera feature in OBS, so I clicked here on start virtual camera, then I went in my team's meetings, so I'm gonna start a meeting here, and I would start my virtual camera, and let's just record that meeting, so we're gonna be seeing what I'm seeing right now, so I would hold my meeting, and I would be writing on my board. But by using the virtual camera feature, quite often what happened is that the resolution was simply too bad for students to see anything useful, sorry for the sound of the cap, by the way. So, what is the way around this? A way around this is that instead of using the virtual camera, I'm actually gonna click here on my scene, and I'm gonna create a windowed projector, and I make this one as big as possible, it doesn't have to be on the top of everything, so now if it's like somewhere over here, and then in my teams, I would simply share that window with the window projector. So, where is it? Where is it? So, I want a screen share application window, and I'm screen sharing my windowed projector, and now the resolution should be way higher of what people see, because it's like a screen share of my windowed projector. Instead of using the virtual camera, which could be quite low resolution sometimes, I would simply scan your screen, so now when I un-share the screen, let's see what's happening. So, here with the screen shared, you should be able to see quite clearly what I'm writing on the board while still being able to see me, and in comparison, if I stop sharing the screen, and I go just back of being me with my virtual camera, you see that the resolution might be not that high. So, what is the trick again? In OBS, instead of using the virtual camera, which doesn't even work on the desktop version on my teams for Mac, I'm simply clicking on my scene here, right-click, and then I do a window projector, and I do project the little window, which then I can screen share.


Good morning friends. In the previous classes, we have seen how to design the razoring system. Now, today let us see how to design the gating system. So, today our lecture, the title of our lecture is design of gating system. First of all, what is meant by gating system? It refers to all the sections through which the molten metal passes while entering into the mould cavity. This is the gating system, this is the pouring cup. We pour the molten metal through the pouring cup. The molten metal flows into the sprue, the vertical passes, then it falls into the sprue well, then it passes through the runner, the horizontal passes, then it passes through the gate. Of course, here there is a side razor, then this is the casting cavity, mould cavity and this is the top razor. Finally, the molten metal passes through the sprue, it passes through the runner, it fills the cavity and it raises through the razor. All the sections through which the molten metal passes while entering into the mould cavity is known as the gating system. Gating system means it is the group of elements through which the molten metal passes while entering into the mould cavity. Gating system includes the pouring cup, it includes the sprue, it includes the sprue well, it includes the runner, it includes the gate and so on. Here we can see another what is a casting and with another gating system. So this is the, you can see this is the casting, this is the casting and here we can see a core and this is the side razor and this is the pouring basin and this is the sprue and this is the sprue well and this is the runner. So this whole system is the gating system means all the sections through which the molten metal passes while entering into the mould cavity is the gating system. Now what are the functions of the gating system, why gating system, what are the functions of the gating system, these are the functions of the gating system to fill the mould cavity completely before freezing. So that is the first function, before the solidification commences the molten metal has to fill the cavity perfectly without any gap that is the first function of the gating system. Next one to minimize the turbulence, it is possible that while the molten metal is entering into the mould cavity it may cause turbulence because of that it may erode the sand particles and in which case there will be casting defects will be there. So there should not be any turbulence while the molten metal is entering into the mould cavity. So this is the second function, there should not be any turbulence or the turbulence should be minimized that is the function of the gating system. Next one to avoid the erosion, yes while the molten metal is entering into the cavity it should not erode the sand, moulding sand. Next one to remove the inclusions, yes there will be some foreign particles will be coming along with the molten metal, the sources may be different they may be carried through the what is a ladle in the molten metal or they may come in the moulding system. But whatever be the case the inclusion should be eliminated that is the another function of the gating system. Next one to regulate the flow of molten metal, what does it mean the speed should be optimum the speed should not be too much at the same time the speed should not be too slow that is the regulating of the flow of the molten metal. Next one to consume least metal so that there will be less scrap, while designing the gating system the system should be such that it consumes the least liquid metal minimum quantity of the liquid metal so that there will be less scrap. One should remember that when we are designing the gating system the molten metal fills the entire gating system. But what is required for us only the casting afterwards the metal solidified in the riser will be cut and it will be removed the metal solidified in the pouring basin the metal solidified in the sprue the metal solidified in the runner all this will be the scrap we will cut and remove. So since all these what see elements are going to become scrap of solidification they should consume least molten metal or minimum molten metal. Next one to establish the directional solidification, directional solidification means what does it mean the point away from the riser should solidify first slowly the solidification should propagate towards the riser this is the directional solidification. So a good gating system should enable the or should establish the directional solidification. Now these are the elements of the gating system first element is the pouring cup second element sprue third element sprue well fourth element runner fifth element runner extension sixth element ingates these are also known as gates and finally even the riser is also considered as the one of the elements of the gating system. But design of the riser we have already seen in the previous classes. So in this lecture we are going to concentrate on the pouring cup sprue sprue well runner runner extension and ingates. Now let us see this gating system so this one is the casting this rectangular one block is the casting and here we can see this is the sprue the sprue is a what say vertical passes here we can see the diameter of the sprue at the top is more and the diameter of the sprue at the bottom is less it is a tapered one. Now here the smallest diameter of the sprue at the bottom is known as choke. Now this is the runner the horizontal passes is the runner so the molten metal is entering like this then it will be flowing along the runner like this. Then after flowing into the runner this is the ingate it flows through the ingate. Next one another stream is there this another stream flows through this ingate. So these are the this is one ingate and this is another ingate and this is the top riser. Now here we come across another element that is the runner extension here we can see the molten metal enters through the sprue and it passes through the choke then it passes through the runner and it enters into the ingate like this. Then what is the purpose of this element runner extension because the first molten metal carries certain slags and impurities. So straight away they will be flowing into the runner extension. After these runner extensions are filled with the first molten metal which includes the scrap sorry which includes this slag and other impurities they will be trapped in this runner extension. Next one the next coming molten metal flowing through the will be flowing through the ingates. So that is the purpose of the runner extension. Now let us see the design of the pouring cup how to design the pouring cup. Now here we can see this is a molding box and this is the cope and this is the drag this is the what say here we can see a pouring cup is there this is manually cut pouring cup. In most of the cases in small scale industries and also in some medium scale industries these pouring cups are cut manually. So there are no certain what say hard and fast tools how to cut these pouring cups but these are cut manually but what is the limitation sometimes one may cut too large or sometimes one may cut too small and there are some ceramic pouring cups are also available. We can see here in different shapes and in different sizes. We can see so this is one ceramic cup and this is another ceramic pouring cup and this is another one and this is another one. So they are available in different shapes and different cross sections and also in different sizes. Now these what say ceramic pouring cups have got one specific advantages. They have got the anti swirl bars are there inside. Here we can see there is an anti swirl bar is there just a thin projection upwards. Now what happens when we pour the molten metal in this process it is possible that the molten metal can cause a vortex it may swirl inside the pouring cup and with the swirling is still in progress it may go inside the sprue and also into the mould cavity then what happens if the molten metal is continuously swirling it will erode the moulding sand. So we want to minimize this what say erosion and also we want to minimize the swirling of the molten metal for that purpose here there is an anti swirl bar is there. Now because this bar is there this is a thin projection upwards as the molten metal tries to cause a vortex or as it is about to swirl this anti swirl bar what say prevents and resists the swirling of the molten metal thus the turbulence is minimized. So that is the advantage of these ready made ceramic pouring cups. Now these are the typical dimensions of the pouring cups. Here we can see round inlet and round outlet is there here we can see round inlet and round outlet again they are available in different dimensions. So we can see in one case it will be the inlet diameter the inlet diameter will be 51 centimeters this is the inlet diameter and the outlet diameter the bottom one will be 25 mm the inlet diameter will be 51 mm outlet diameter will be 25 mm and the height will be 38 mm and in another case it will be high inlet diameter will be 127 mm outlet diameter will be 64 mm and the height will be 133 mm. And in another case the inlet diameter will be 203 mm, outlet diameter will be 76 mm and the height will be 140 mm. And in another case the inlet diameter will be 254 mm, outlet diameter will be 102 mm and the height will be 203 mm. So depending upon our requirement we can choose any of these pouring cups. So this is all about the what is a round inlet and round outlet pouring cups. There is another type. Here we can see square inlet and round outlet, square inlet and round outlet. And what are the dimensions? The inlet dimensions are 78 into 90 mm, outer diameter will be 33 mm, height will be 117 mm. And in another case the inlet dimension will be 105 into 134 mm, outlet diameter will be 38 mm, height will be 127 mm. And in another case the inlet dimension will be 140 into 159 mm, outlet diameter will be 51 mm, height will be 152 mm. So we have completed the pouring cup. There is not so much to learn about the pouring cups. Either one has to go for the manually cut pouring cups or the ready made ceramic pouring cups. Next one let us learn about the sprue. What is sprue? Sprue is the vertical passes inside the mould through which molten metal from the pouring basin reaches the runner and eventually the mould cavity. So here we can see this is the pouring basin. Here we pour the molten metal then it passes through the sprue and it falls into the sprue well then it passes through the runner and finally it fills the cavity. So sprue is the vertical passes inside the mould through which the molten metal from the pouring basin reaches the runner and eventually the cavity. So this is the sprue. Rules for design of the sprue. How to design the sprue? What are the rules we have to follow while designing the sprue? The size of the sprue should be optimised to limit the flow rate of molten metal. So that is the first rule. The size of the sprue must be optimised. Second rule is vertex formation tendency in the sprue with circular cross section is higher. Just now I told you the vertex formation means the molten metal used to watch a swirl inside the pouring cup and also the sprue. And what happens? Because of that there will be turbulence. So this is the vertex. So in a circular cross section sprue it is higher. Hence rectangular cross section sprues are better than the circular what say once with the same cross sectional area. Compared to the circular cross section sprues rectangular cross section sprues are better or the square cross section sprues are better. But however round sprues are more economical for small castings. If the casting which we are going to produce is a smaller one so whether we use the what say round what say circular sprue or the rectangular sprue it hardly makes any difference. But when we are making a very large casting and that time if we go for a rectangular sprue it would be beneficial. Next one height of the sprue is determined by the casting and top pressure height. Next one the fourth rule sprues should be tapered by approximately 5 percent to avoid aspiration of the air. The sprue is always tapered it is never a perfect cylindrical what say element. The diameter of the sprue at the top will be more and the diameter of the sprue at the bottom will be less. And this taper should be approximately about 5 percent. Next one standard filter should be placed at the outlet of the sprue or the sprue well as the molten metal flows into the runners. So standard filters are available to what say filter the impurities. Now these filters should be what say placed at the outlet of the sprue or the sprue well. Next one the sprue should be located centrally on the runner within equal gates on each side. So it should be centrally located on the runner so that on both sides there will be equal number of gates are the ingates. Now we will be learning about one law that is known as the law of continuity of mass. What is this law of continuity of mass? It states that the rate of flow of mass of the fluid is constant at any cross section. So if m is the what say mass of the fluid that is flowing at any cross section then m is equal to rho a1 b1 or that is equal to rho a2 v2 or that is also equal to rho a3 v3 where m is the rate of flow of mass. And a1 is the area of cross section at point 1 here that is the area of cross section. a2 is the area of cross section at point 2 here this is the area of cross section at point 2 so this is the a2. Next one a3 is the area of cross section at point 3 so this is point 3 so this is the area of cross section at point 3. Next one V 1 is the velocity of liquid metal at of metal at 0.1. So, here what is the velocity of the metal. So, this is the V 1 and this is the 0.2 and here what is the velocity of the metal molten metal. So, that is the V 2. Next one this is the 0.3. Now, what is the velocity at this 0.3? This is the V 3. Now, the law of continuity of mass says that m is equal to rho A 1 V 1 that is equal to rho A 2 V 2 that is also equal to rho A 3 V 3. Now, if we calculate the volume rate of flow then how this expression would become. First of all what is volume mass divided by density. Now, this in this same expression we divide this by density then what will happen this rho will be eliminated then this expression would become q is equal to A 1 V 1 that is equal to A 2 V 2 that is also equal to A 3 V 3 where q is the volume rate of flow. Just now we have seen that q is equal to A 1 V 1 that is equal to A 2 V 2 that is also equal to A 3 V 3 then V 2 is equal to root of 2 G H B and V 3 is equal to root of 2 G H C. What is this H B? H B means this height of 0.2 similarly V 3 is equal to root of 2 G H C. What is H C? Height of 0.3 you see this is 0.3. So, this is H C this is H C. So, this is the pouring cup this is the pouring cup and this is this proof and this is the exit of this proof which is also known as the choke. Now, A 2 by A 3 from these 2 expressions we can get A 2 by A 3 is equal to root of H C divided by root of H B. Now, from this expression what we can learn? A 2 by A 3 is equal to root of H C by H B. H C is a larger quantity you see H C is larger quantity and H B is a smaller quantity both are the heights here we can see. Now, what is A 2? A 2 is the area of cross section of the sprue at its entrance. What is A 3? Area of cross section of the sprue at its exit. Now, A 2 by A 3 is equal to root of H C by H B means what does it mean? A 2 by A 3 is equal to H C by H B means this ratio is greater than 1 because H C is a what is a larger quantity and H B is a smaller quantity. What does it mean? H A 2 by A 3 is equal to greater than 1 means what does it mean? A 2 or the area of the cross section at the sprue should be larger and A 3 that is the area of the cross section at the exit of the sprue must be smaller. So, that is the interpretation of this expression. So, as the liquid flows down the cross section of the fluid decreases. So, the tamper is provided to the sprue. So, that is why a tamper is always provided to the sprue. Next one liquid loses contact if the sprue is straight which could cause aspiration. If that a sprue is totally a straight one then what happens? Even if we keep a straight sprue the liquid will be taking a tamper inside. Now, as you go to the bottom of the sprue there will be a clearance between the flow of the metal and the wall of the mould. So, there is a clearance there is a gap. So, the air will be entering. This phenomenon is known as the aspiration. What is here? We can see this is the aspiration in sprue. Here we can see three cases we can see here. The natural flow of a free falling liquid it will be like this. Here we can see the area of cross section is more and as we are coming down the area of cross section is less. Next one what happened here? We have arranged a sprue a totally straight sprue is there then what happens? Even if we arrange a totally straight sprue cylindrical sprue what will happen? Still at the bottom it will be occupying a lesser cross section means here there is a gap and this is the mould wall. This is the mould wall this is the mould wall and here is a gap at the bottom because there is gap at the bottom air enters. So, that is the what is a air aspiration. Now, what is the remedy for this? The sprue should be tapered as we see in the third case. Here we can see the sprue is there and it is tapered because it is tapered even the molten metal by default it will be taking lesser cross section at the bottom. So, there is no clearance at the bottom between the mould wall and the flow of the molten metal. Hence, there is no chance for the aspiration. Next one let us see the design of the choke. The smallest area that occurs at the bottom of the sprue is known as the choke area. First of all what is meant by choke area? Here we can see this is the pouring cup and this is the sprue and this is the entrance of the sprue and this is the exit of the sprue then it enters into the mould cavity. Now, what is the definition for this choke area? The smallest area that occurs at the bottom of the sprue is known as choke area that occurs at the bottom of the sprue this is the bottom of the sprue. So, the smallest area that occurs at the bottom of the sprue So means this area at the bottom most of the sprue is known as choke area. Now choke area is designed based on Bernoulli's theorem. Now what does this Bernoulli's theorem state? It is based on the principle of conservation of energy and relates pressure, velocity and elevation. And here we can see the same case this is the pouring cup and this is the sprue and this is the choke. The height of the entrance of the what is a sprue is the h v and the height of the exit of the sprue that is the choke is h c. We can see height of choke and this is the height of the entrance, height of the entrance. It states that the total energy of unit weight of fluid is constant throughout a fluid system. Potential energy means sum of potential energy, kinetic energy and pressure energy.   Next one v square by 2g is the kinetic energy of the fluid per unit weight, z is the potential energy of the fluid per unit weight, delta f is the frictional loss and h is the total energy of the fluid per unit weight which is always constant along the same streamline. So this is the Bernoulli's equation. Now let us derive an expression for the what is a choke area this is the choke. Choke means what is a area of cross section at the bottom most portion of the sprue is the choke area. Now we are going to derive an expression for the choke area. So here we can see this is the pouring cup and this is the sprue and this is the entrance of the sprue and this is the exit of the sprue. So the area of cross section at the entrance of the sprue is ab the area of cross section at the exit of the sprue that is the choke area is indicated by ac. Now the height of the sprue at the entrance is hb the height of the choke is hc. Let ab is equal to cross sectional area of the sprue at its top this is ab. Next one ac the cross sectional area of the sprue at the choke. Next one vb means velocity of the liquid metal at the top of the sprue means here what is the velocity of the liquid metal that is vb. Next one vc is the velocity of the liquid metal at the bottom of the sprue or at the choke that is known as the velocity of the liquid metal at this point ac is the vc. Next one, H B is the height of the pouring basin. You can see here this is the H B. Next one, H C is the height of the total metal head above the choke. So, this is the H C means this is the height of the choke. According to the Bernoulli's theorem, velocity of liquid metal at the top of the sprue is given by V B is equal to square root of 2 into G into H B. This we have already seen earlier. Similarly, velocity at the bottom of the sprue at the choke is given by V C is equal to 2 G H C. Volume of flow rate flow at choke in a given time is equal to AC into V C into T that is well known to us. Volume of flow at choke in a given time is equal to AC into V C multiplied by time. That is also equal to W by rho where W is the weight of the poured metal and rho is the density of the liquid metal. Thus AC is equal to W by C rho T V C. Here we come across another term that is the C that is the coefficient of discharge. Now, V C we have already derived the expression earlier. V C is equal to root of 2 G H C. So, this 2 G H C we will substitute here. Hence, the choke area is given by AC is equal to W divided by C rho T square root of 2 G H C where W is the weight of the poured metal in kgs kilograms. C is the coefficient of discharge because there is a friction we always have to what is a take this friction into account. That is why there is a C coefficient of discharge it will be between 0.7 to 0.9 and for an ideal fluid it will be 1, but such case will not arise. Generally the coefficient of discharge will be 0.7 to 0.9. Rho is the density of the liquid metal that is kg per cubic centimeter. Next one T is equal to that is the pouring time in seconds. G is the acceleration due to gravity that is equal to 981 centimeter per second square. Next one H C is the height of the total metal head above the choke in centimeters. So, this is the H C. Now, this is the expression we have derived for the what is a choke area AC. So far we have seen the elements of the gating system and we have learnt about the pouring cup and the sprue. Now, let us see about the sprue well. So, this is the sprue well and it is used to catch and trap the first metal and to observe erosion of the sand due to kinetic energy of molten metal. Now, we pour the molten metal in the pouring cup and it will be passing through the sprue. Then what happens by the time it reaches the choke, its kinetic energy will be too much. Now, straight away it falls on the runner what will happen? It will error the moulding wall inside the runner. We do not want such thing to happen. That is why we are keeping a sprue well here because this sprue well contains sufficient amount of the liquid metal and the molten metal flows into this sprue well first. That is why there is no erosion of the moulding sand. Then after this sprue well is filled, then the molten metal fills into the sprue well, then it flows into the runner. So, to prevent the what is a erosion of the moulding wall and to catch the what is a first metal and to observe the erosion of the sand due to kinetic energy we keep this sprue well here. So, that is the purpose of the sprue well, rules for design of the sprue well. The sprue well area is 2 to 3 times the area of the sprue at exit that is the choke means what is the choke area we have to calculate and the sprue well area the what is a cross sectional area should be 2 to 3 times the cross sectional area of the choke. Next let us see about the runner and here this is the gating system and here we can see this is the what is a sprue the molten metal passes through the sprue then it enters into the runner then it enters into the runner then it flows through the ingates like this it flows through the ingates runner is the horizontal channel through which the molten metal flows from the sprue to the ingate right it is the horizontal passes. So, this is the runner this much is the runner rules for runner design typical cross section of your runner is a square. The runners cross sectional area is generally 2 to 4 times the cross sectional area of the choke again it depends upon the gating ratio soon we will be learning about a gating ratio. So, based on the gating ratio this what is a cross sectional area of the runner depends abrupt changes in the direction of the runners should be avoided. If the change in direction is more than about 15 degrees then the joint needs to be filleted. If the what is a change in direction is more than 15 degrees then instead of keeping a sharp corner there should be a fillet corner. Next one runners should maintain a minimum distance from the casting 4 to 5 times the thickness of the gate or the ingate there should be some distance from the casting to the runner the runner should not be too close to the casting then how far it should be from the casting 4 to 5 times the thickness of the ingate. Next one let us see the runner extension runner extension is used to catch and trap the slags and impurities in the first metal that are likely to enter into the mould cavity that is the purpose of the runner extension. Here we can see this is the gating system and yes this is the sprue the molten metal of course above the sprue there is a pouring cup which is not shown here the what is a molten metal is poured into the pouring cup and it passes through the sprue and this is the choke the bottom most cross section of the sprue then it falls what is a flows into the runner. You see here now the first metal may contain some slags and impurities. So, now our task is that this first metal which contains slags and impurities must not enter into the mould cavity somehow we have to divert them so that they would not enter into the mould cavity. So, for that purpose what we are doing we are keeping the runner extension you see here from here to here there is no point in keeping this strictly speaking and here you see this is the runner extension and this is also is the runner extension. Now what will happen when we pour the molten metal it pour what say it comes into the sprue and it passes through this choke and it enters into the runner then first it straight away goes straight this side also it straight away goes straight now it is occupied by the first metal which contains the impurities and slags of the molten metal. After the runner extension is filled with the what say first metal which includes the which contains the what say slags and impurities then the fresh metal continues. Now the fresh metal cannot fill this because this portion is already filled with the first metal which contains the slags and impurities now the fresh metal enters through the ingates like this like this. So, that is the purpose of the runner extension next one ingates or they are also known as gates rules for gates design or the design of the ingates multiple ingates often are preferable preferable for large castings a fillet should be used where an ingate meets a casting right because we use the fillet it what say causes less turbulence. The minimum ingate length should be 3 to 5 times the ingates width what should be the length of the ingate that should be 3 to 5 times the ingates width again it depends on the metal being cast curved ingates should be avoided as far as possible. Friends in this lecture we have seen the elements of the gating system right. So, these are the elements of the gating system pouring cup, sprue, sprue well, runner, runner extension ingates and the razor is also considered as the part of the gating system right. Initially we pour the mortar metal into the pouring cup. So, this is the pouring cup next it passes through the sprue next here it what say falls into the sprue well next one it enters through the runner next one yes it fills the side razor next one it passes through the gate or the ingate then it flows through the mould cavity and it fills the mould cavity after filling the mould cavity it raises through the razor. So, these are the different elements of the gating system we have seen and how to design the pouring cup how to design the what say sprue what say cross sectional area at the bottom we called it as the choke the bottom cross sectional area of the sprue is known as the choke we have seen how to design the choke area and we have seen and how to design the runner runner extension and the ingates. We will continue this in the next lecture. Thank you.


Welcome to Wanderland for a massive Friday night showdown as the top of the table, Western Sydney Wanderers, play host to the form team in the competition, the Perth Glory, who arrive here, riding a club record, five game winning streak. Here comes the countdown. Seven games to go in pursuit of the Premier's plate. How pivotal we have been a stitch. The Telegraph this week about Castellan was where four out foul goals, Romeo. Brakes for Castellan immediately in a little bit of space. Takes off the strike. Oh, how's the confidence? Straight off the bench. Ball helps it onto Satirio. Got goal side of Grant. What's the Dutchman got in his locker here? And finish into the bottom. Three advantage being played. The SuperSup. Full time here, Western Sydney 2, Perth Glory 1.