Hello viewers, today we are discussing on wetlands. What is wetlands? As per IUCN that is International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Nature resources, all submerged or water situated lands, nature or manmade, inland or coastal, permanent or temporary, static or dynamic, visited or non-visited which are necessarily have a land water interface are called wetlands. But Ramsar Convention used a broad definition of wetlands. Ramsar Convention was held in 1971 in the Iranian city Ramsar. As per Ramsar Convention definition, wetlands include all lakes and rivers, underground aquifers, swamps and marshes, wetland, wet grasslands, peatlands, oasis, estuaries, deltas and tidal flats, mangrove and other coastal areas, coral reef and all human made sites such as fish pond, rice paddies, reservoirs and salt pans. If you try to understand the importance of the wetlands, we have to go back to the Ramsar Convention again. In 1971, from 1971 on 2nd February every year, we are observing their world wetland day. If you take the themes of the last 10 years of wetland day, we will find that the wetlands are very closely related to the river basin management, biodiversity, climate change, forest tourism, water management, agriculture, sustainable livelihood, disaster risk reduction, sustainable urban future and many more things. So in many areas, the wetlands have been found to be very important. If you see the wetland condition of Assam, the wetlands in Assam are known with various local names such as Bilh, Pitoni, Doloni, Jolla, Duba, Hola, Gedang, Haur, etc. Bilh, Gedang, Haur are lake like water bodies, Pitoni, Doloni, Jolla are primarily swampy areas. Duba, Hola are degraded stream like water bodies but behave like an active river or a stream during flood season. Almost all the wetlands in the state commonly known as Bilhs. Wetland water, wetlands could broadly be divided into two categories that is lentic and lotic systems. Lentic wetlands are ponds, lakes, swamps, marshes, etc. In Assam, the Bilh, Pitoni, Doloni, Jolla, etc. are lentic systems. Lotic systems which refers to the running water like rivers and streams. Including the rivers and streams, some of the wetlands originated from abandoned sandals of rivers, behave like an active river in rainy season or lotic type. Here is the location of Assam state which is the only plain state in the midst of the Healy states of North East India. Here you will find the Loktee mountains of Bhutan, here you find the mountains of Ornasal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram and Meghalaya. So water from all the states passed through Bhamaputra river and Assam valley and as a result what happened the many rivers and many wetlands have been formed in this state. In Assam as many as 5097 wetlands are there which size is more than 2.25 hectare and less than that size is 6081 which are scattered all over the plains of Bhamaputra and the Barak valley. The total wetlands area estimated around 763,372 hectare that is around 9.74% of the total geographical area of the state. Rivers and streams accounting 84% of the total wetlands and rest are lentic water bodies such as Bilh, Kedang, Haur etc. Handmade ponds, waterlogged areas, oxbow lakes are also included in lentic system. If you see the district wise distribution of wetlands you will find in Sunitpur district 83,427 hectares of wetland areas are there which accounts almost 11% of the total wetland areas of the state. On the other hand in Hila Gandhi only 2600 hectares of wetlands are there which is only accounts only 0.34% of the total wetland area of the state. So that way the wetland area and the number of wetlands varies from state to I mean district to district. In 1991 Assam remote sensing application centre without considering rivers and streams estimated the identify the wetlands in which it has been found that the Morygaon district having only 183 wetlands but see that total area covered the highest that is 11658 hectares. On the other hand Nogaon district accounts highest number of wetlands that is 379 and the total area covered is 11295.5 hectare. Number wise the Deemahasa having the lowest number of wetlands and the area wise the Hila Gandhi has the lowest area under wetland category. So that way the wetland varies from state district to district but see every district you will find some wetlands wetland areas. As per the Ramsar convention the wetland have been divided at 3 levels. In the first level that is inland wetland and the coastal wetland these two categories are there under this natural and manmade that is the level 2 that the inland wetlands have been divided into two categories natural and manmade and coastal wetlands also divided into two same two categories that is natural and manmade. The natural inland wetlands have been divided in at level 3 as lakes oxbow lakes cut of meanders, high altitude wetlands, riverine wetlands, waterlogged areas, rivers and streams. Manmade wetlands in inland wetlands covers that is the reservoir, barrages, tanks, ponds, waterlogged, salt pan etc. In the same way the natural coastal wetlands covers that is the legumes, creeks, sand beach, intertidal mud flats, salt marsh, mangrove, coral reefs etc. Manmade coastal wetlands includes the salt pan, aquaculture pond etc. If you see the scenario of Assam you will find that is again it could be divided into natural and manmade. Under natural category lakes and ponds, oxbow lakes, cut of meanders, high altitude wetlands, riverine wetlands, waterlogged wetlands then see the rivers and streams have been found. In the manmade wet category that is reservoirs and the barrages, tanks and ponds and waterlogged areas have been found. So the distribution pattern is like this that is altogether the state has 11178 numbers of wetlands which occupies 764372 hectares of land. If you see the distribution pattern of the wetlands you will find a different picture say for example, here covers the 3 districts Moriga, Hozai and Noga district. So this part is falls under Moriga district, this part is in Noga district, this part in Hozai district. In Hozai district the number of wetlands are very few and also the border area of the Noga district you will find the minimum less number of wetlands it is because it is very close to the hilly area of Kerviangelo district. And here the Hozai district is mostly fall in the rain-chill zone of the state. So therefore the number of wetlands are very few here but the condition of the wetlands is very much there in Moriga district where there are lot of rivers many rivers are there fields are there, swampy areas are there. So the distribution pattern is not uniform throughout. The wetlands of Assam could be classified broadly into 5 categories depending on their shape. The first category is the compact type where the land-based ratio is almost same. And another type is fragmented or the discrete type, there may be few more few water bodies which have been linked up with some active channels which maintain the water quality and other quality of the wetland all the water bodies. And therefore all these units, all these water bodies could be taken as one unit. So this type of wetland could be called as the fragmented wetland. And this is the oxbowl lake, this is actually this is the river and this oxbowl lake has been is the cut-off meander of this river and this type of wetlands are many in the entire Assam. The linear type of wetlands have been found where that is the river Abandon which originals channels. So this type of linear type of wetlands are quite, I mean this linear type of wetlands are a large in number in entire state. Then say this irregular type of wetlands have been found normally with the areas where which is surrounded by the helitrax. So this is the depressed area surrounded by the helitrax and shore areas have been some looks very irregular that is the shoreline is very irregular in shape. And if you see that is the distribution pattern of the wetlands in Assam you will find the linear type of wetlands found to be the highest actually it is depend on the three districts a study of in three districts. Compact pattern is next to that oxbowl lake and discrete and irregular pattern of wetlands have been found like this. So that this is the size category that is the less than 50 hectares of wetlands have been found in large number. If the size increases the wetland number is also increases accordingly. Second important aspect is this the as you go away from the rivers that is most of the wetlands have been somewhere related to the rivers adjacent rivers. As you go away from the rivers then you will find that is the number of wetlands have been decreased within 400 meters of from the rivers the wetland number is more that is 34 percent more than 34 percent. And see as you go away that is 400 to 800 800 to 1200 meters if you go away from the rivers then see the number of wetlands decreases. So as a result what happened the 77 percent of the wetlands have been found within 2 kilometers of the rivers in the state. And 88 percent of the wetlands found within 3 kilometers from the rivers. So here you see that if you take the satellite images any of the satellite image of any of the districts of Assam you will find the wetlands like this wetlands are distributed like this. These are all wetlands these are oxbowlex clear oxbowlex and this is the swampy area this area is a swampy area and see you will can find you can see that so many numbers of wetlands have been distributed all the wetlands. This is the Brahmaputra river and the white patches are nothing but the sandy shore areas and see the irregular type of shoreline that is the irregular shoreline that is the irregular type of wetland is found in the state in the in the midst of the helitrax. And then see this is the clear example of the oxbowlex and also that this is these are the linear type of wetland these are the linear type of wetland. These are the old channels you can see the it is called as the paleo channels that means these this was at one point of time it was an active channel but now it has been degraded there is no stagnant water is there either it has been converted to agricultural land or it is covered by some other visitation. So like that see the wetland ecosystem in Assam is basically depend on many factors that is it contains the both inorganic and organic materials. The primary producers ranges from the high phytoplankton to the macrophytes. Most conspicuous producer are the free floating and rooted aquatic angiosperm in shallow water. Primary consumers are various zoo plankton. Second order consumers are small fishes, frogs, rotifers etc. Predatory birds and the large fishes are the top carnivores in the ecosystem. So if you why this thing wetlands are reaching biodiversity to understand that thing that see we have to see the structure of the wetlands. See the wetlands this area is always under water this area is intermittent it is a occasionally submerged and this area very close to the water body and see it gets this area this soil of this area gets get ground water constantly from the wetlands. So as a result what happen we find three different zones where three different types of visitation and depending on the visitation different type of aquatic plants and aquatic animals have been found in three different areas. See for example this area that is the deeper area you will find the free floating submerged plants, submerged plants, floating plants etc. In this part you will find the emergent plants and in this part salt grass, tall grass and the woody forest you will get it. So therefore as a whole the wetland ecosystem become very rich in biodiversity. So these are some of the examples of some submerged plants different type of submerged plants are just some of the floating plants are there this is the water lily which is very common in the wetlands of Assam. These are also very common here that is the ural ferrox it is locally called as mochana it is a plant is a floating plant that is the leaves are just like lotus and see from this seeds have been extracted which is sold in the market it is a good market in the entire country. Then see the water hyacinth that is of course the water hyacinth are now playing a adverse role in wetland productivity of the wetland because see the water hyacinth does not allow the penetration of the sun rays to each bottom level the wetland bottom. So therefore the productivity of the feces and other aquatic life is decreased to a great extent and this is the you know if you from the water body to the shore area you will find the varieties of plants grown there. And see if you see the role of the wetlands on the human in this thing livelihoods support the livelihood you will find that see the livelihoods support it provides the wetlands provides the livelihoods support to the people of the rural areas. This is the agriculture the wet agriculture which is practiced in almost entire state this is the rural poor they have collected the feces from here and it is a good supplement of the protein. And this is the community fishing this is the unique things in a some that is particularly the eve of mark view which is a mark view is a festival. Before the festival this community fishing is normally practiced and see this is the unique thing that see the many tourists get attracted for this to see the community fishing in the wetlands of a some. So like that see this wetlands provide the livelihoods support to the people not only that this wetlands also provides the grazing household animals that is the provide the opportunities for grazing household animals. Then see the children can learn this is the swimming driving and this is they can go for recreation like this. Then also the other purposes for drinking purpose for batting and for washing clothes the wetlands water have been used all over the state. Then see if you see the biodiversity here you see this is the common dark you know wetlands are quite often it is called as a dark factory. Because normally what happen in a some that is that is the many of the dark varieties of birds the birds of dark varieties they come from the Siberia and Tibetan region. And from they take shelter in the wetlands and see for that they stay here for not less than 3 months and see they lay eggs here they make nest there here. So therefore the wetlands are quite often called as the dark factory this is the local dark but see here you see in Khajiranga this is from Khajiranga these are the rhinos and these are the buffaloes and the other animals also deer is also there. So like this is the varieties of the animals is supported by the wetlands this is the migratory birds that one can see almost in all not only in Khajiranga in other wetlands also one can see this thing this scenario. This tall grass and the short grass and the water body these three are the unique combination for the rhino habitat. So this is that a tall grass it is taller than the human being that is also this how the wetlands have been used by the wild animals and also domestic animals. How the wild animals are using the water bodies and see the how common birds have been seen in the wetlands. So it is very much clear in almost all the states all the districts of Assam. Then see the if you see the bird variety let us see these birds are picking up food from the edges and the fringe areas of the wetlands all these are migratory birds these are this in a greater adjutant stock that is an endangered species. It is also supported by the wetlands these are the migratory birds coming from the Siberia and Tibetan region these are the common birds in the Asiatic wetlands. So like that see the it here it made a rich biodiversity zone. This is one of the unique thing of course it is not seen in Assam it is in Manipur Loktoge Lake that is these are all floating plants. So this floating plants is becoming so thick that see that one can construct the dwelling houses here. So these are called fumdis and on the fumdis the huts have been this this type of the fishermen have made this type of huts and see this is the unique thing in the Loktoge Lake. So this for this also the many tourists used to come. Now coming to the fish fish condition this is fish production condition of the state. Let us say the bill water of Assam is highly productive scientifically it has been already proved. Naturally Assam bill water can produce 100 kg of fish per hectare without taking any development measure but the water bodies of the rest of the country cannot produce more than 79 kg of fish per hectare per year. In bill fish productivity can be raised up to 1500 kg per hectare per year. It is also scientifically proved the Assam importing fishes from states like Kanpur Produce and UP as many as 700 trucks carrying fishes to this from these states every week. So local fish sold in Assam market at 3 times more than the price of imported fish. Around 90% of the people of Assam as well as the North East India are fish eaters. The mainly Siddil cast and Siddil type people are involved in the fish catches and fish business. But unfortunately what happened the fishing gears are not scientific not efficient to catch the bottom mud fishes from the bottom mud. Here the wetland condition in the city area it is the Guwahati area and say one Ramsar site is very important wetland is there that is the poor bill that is a Ramsar site. The other wetlands in the city are degraded to a great extent. This Ramsar site is also degrading day by day this is the poor bill. And say this poor bill this light blue color indicates that is it is turbidity is very high that means the solid waste which have been carried by the rivers and the runoff surface runoff is deposited in the wetland and thereby the squeezing the thereby the reducing the wetland area of the of the poor bill. So why the poor bill is so important that see that if you see the plant species the 14, 14 free floating hydrophiles are there 18 submerged suspended hydrophiles are there 10 submerged encode hydrophiles 9 floating lived encode hydrophiles 5 floating soot encode hydrophiles 29 emergent encode hydrophiles 36 swarms marsh and wetland hydrophiles are there. So that way the so many varieties of species so many species I mean plant species are there that see which enrich the quality of the the poor bill. But on the other hand if you see the land use map of this wetland 9 if you compare from 1977 to 2014 you will find this the how much of pressure it it bears that means how the encroachment is going on or the settlement is developed surrounding the wetland. So this red patches showing the built up area so the red is very coming very close to the wetlands see now you see that it by 2014 almost all sides have been covered by the wetland I mean built up area from which the lot of waste solid and liquid waste have been released to the wetland and thereby the quality of the water is degraded day by day. But on the other hand the same type of wetland found in the rural areas have not affected that way as the poor bill is deteriorated. This is the scenario of Khajironga national park here you see the tall trees the grassland and the wetland these three are geographical unit actually is a best combination for the rhino habitats. So here these wetlands are also affected because of the fringe areas where that is the agricultural lands have been extending towards the wetland then see the built up areas are there tea gardens are there from which the agricultural waste and the tea garden waste have been released to the water bodies and thereby in the fringe areas the water quality of the depot Khajironga national park is deteriorating day by day. Let us see according to WWF India that is the wetlands of India has been deteriorated due to the loss of vegetation, selenization, excessive inundation, water pollution in invasive species, excessive development of the road and building etcetera. But if you see the why the some wetlands of Assam have been deteriorated you will find the inaugurating bottom deposit. Let us see that is the sediments because of the deforestation and other activities the sediments have been carried by the rivers to the wetland and it has been deposited at this bottom. Organic bottom deposit that is the water hyacinth and other plants which have been after decompose it has been deposited at the bottom of the wetland. The blockade of the feeder channel it will be discussed later and unscientific construction of engineering structures like say for example, roads railway lines then and which cause lot of degradation that is cause deterioration of the water of wetlands. Then see the encroachment for different development of different infrastructures and cultivation in the marginal areas also cause deterioration of the wetlands. The release of the industrial and urban waste is very dangerous to the wetlands there are some pictures it is shown here. Here see the with the building have been constructed in the wetlands the art building is going on the wetlands the how that the garbage the with urban and the solid waste industrial waste have been dumped in the wetlands you can see it from here. The fishing and fishing methods and gears is also responsible for the deterioration of the wetlands. The poor governance as of now the government in Assam the four different types of four different departments control the wetlands. So the all the wetlands some of the wetlands are found under the revenue department some wetlands found under forest department some are for fishery development corporation some in the under fishery development. So this is it becomes a no man's business. So as a result the wetlands have been deteriorated day by day. This is the condition of the feeder channel normally what happened you know that is in the during the gravity fishes when they like to lay their eggs they cannot lay their eggs in the fast flowing rivers. So therefore the most of the gravity fishes enter the wetlands through the feeder channels this is the wetlands. So here they the fishes lay eggs and as the fishes when grown up it goes back to the river again some of the fishes remain there thereby the auto stocking process of the fishes in the wetlands is continued. But see because of the blockade of the wetlands because of the construction of roads railways and the embankments and the agricultural practices in the wetlands in the dry season. So ultimately deteriorates the quality of the feeder channel or in virtually the links between the wetlands and the rivers have been cut off because of the death of the feeder channels. So the feeder channels are quite often called as the lifeline of the lifeline of the wetlands. But now these have been re-linked and therefore the wetland quality has been deteriorated day by day. Then see the as a solution that is a desiltation could be carried out and see the desiltation works in depot build this is a few pictures of the desiltation works in depot build. Let us see the how this in the sediments have been removed from the depot build and it has been dumped in the surrounding areas. So that way the roads have been constructed like embankments have been constructed like this the plantations have also been made thereby the fodder encroachment could be stopped and also the water depth could be maintained. So that way the some of the wetlands could be easily developed in the state and this is the unique picture of that is the natural process by which the water quality of the wetlands could be purified. This is from nature park of Kolkata. So here the dark drain water have been entered in this tank is a settlement tank where the sediments have been deposited there at the bottom. And this floating meters have been removed from this point. Then see from the shallow channel that is water goes to the next tank here that is well it moves to the next channel this sunlight can penetrate to its bottom thereby it purifies the water. So that way it goes to the next channel where some fishes have been kept these fishes are not for human consumption. It is it is for to purify in these fishes have been used to purify the water and also to monitor the quantity of oxygen in the water body. So then the water is purified to some extent then it goes to the next tank where some of the submerged plants have been there which absorb the grease and other oily substances from the water body. And thereby it is to some extent the grease and water oily substance have been removed and then it goes to the next tank where the this water hyacinth have been kept this water hyacinth the roots of the water hyacinth can absorb the heavy metals like mercury lead etcetera. So that way the by nature process the water has been purified and you will get the crystal clear water here and see it has been released to the in the fish spawns where the fishes have been this in cultured here and see the more than 100 families of them in the surrounding area supported by this fish spawns. So that this is the success story in our country. So that way we can develop. So many of the countries have developed the constructed wetlands. So this is some of the pictures have been taken from internet and see this is the thereby they have improved the condition of the wetland the one unique example is there the constructed wetland in Bharatpur India for to Bharatpur many tourists used to come because Bharatpur is known to the world as a bird national park. So like this in Malaysia Putraja wetland is also a very famous constructed wetland. So these are the acts and the legislation to conserve the wetlands in our country much the main problem lies here the enforcement of the law that is the slackness in enforcing the law ultimately cause the deterioration of the wetland. We have the provisions but see we are not enforcing it properly. In a sum that see we can develop the wetland based activities sum the sum of the wetlands could be preserved as the biodiversity conservation pool. Some of the wetlands could be used as the environmental quality control machine and many of the wetlands could be developed into fisheries and the sum of the wetlands where the endanger species are there order rear species are there blurtz and animals are there. So these wetlands could be and scenic beauty is also there these wetlands could be developed as two response and thereby we can earn lot of people I mean earn lot of money and also we can employ lot of people in the wetland based industries. So how to conserve let us see the wetlands should be classified scientifically safe wise size wise area wise location water quality biodiversity richness etcetera. Then there is a strict conservation strategy needed for wetland rich in biodiversity then next thing is the sum of the wetlands could be developed as a tourism promotion. Some wetlands should be developed as fisheries and all wetlands should be bring under single management authority then only we can expect some wetland based I mean economic development in the state thank you.


Here's something I've discovered about the precious Holy Spirit. He often speaks within the split seconds just before we say or do something foolish or sinful. If you want to yield to His voice, sometimes it requires that you slow down the pace of your life and thoughts. The Holy Spirit speaks just before impulse gives you an ungodly nudge. Sensitivity to the voice of the Holy Spirit isn't just about how clearly you can hear Him, but also how quickly you respond when He speaks.


I'm now signing with Eddie Ayn. Eddie Ayn's just starting to build a stable. I think his first signing might have been Dalen Barker o Kelbroog. They've signed with him. I've now left my promotional outfit, it was with Frank Warren. We were in court, in and out of court. I ended up beating him in court and I'm free from. I left him.  You could say that. Look through the court documents and you'll soon see. Look through the court. I say the court transcripts and the papers. I have all the paperwork still to this day. All the old emails I've kept. I've got it and all the proof of everything there. I left him, which very few boxes get to leave someone like Frank Warren and come out the other side smelling roses, which I don't, which was a very stressful time. People will never know the amount of stress I went through at that time of my career. A man who's worth an awful lot of money is trying to sue me and take my career away. If I'd have lost in court to him, I would have never fought again and just retired. Scary that photo. Rather than fight for him, I think he was trying to take my career away. Does that try to break you because they've got the powers if they call all the shots? It was horrible. It was so stressful. I remember being in the dressing room to fight a guy called Edison Miranda who was a dangerous puncher at this stage. He's on the second half of his career now. He's looked at as an opponent and not the challenger anymore. But it's a dangerous place to be in because he just lost a points decision, lost to someone called Isaac Chalimba. He said I don't want you to fight him.  He's dangerous, can punch. He said it's good TV. I thought alright, I'll do it. Boxed really coarsely, 20 minutes before I had to walk to the ring to fight Edison Miranda, the British Boxing World of Control came into me dressing room, wouldn't wait till after the fight.  And he said if you don't give us a cheque sign now for £10,000 for £10 you're not going to be able to get in the ring and fight. And I said you're saying this to me right now and they were like you've got to do it. Frank's told us to come in and get his percentage for the management fees for this fight.  Don't get me on because of the pressure that Frank Warden was putting them on there. But it was disgusting to me when I look at.  And how he got away with it, I'll never know. But it was a horrible, very, very stressful time in my life. But then you'd win, the result would take you to another high. But then a couple of weeks down the road you were getting all the solicitors like this is going to happen, this is going to happen. So when I finally beat him, I was in New York at the time in a training camp getting ready to face Roberto Balanti in the WBC Eliminator. And I remember my friend coming in and I'm waking me up.   I was like just go and he said it's all over. He said you've won and I said I don't know what you mean. And he said yeah look he showed me an email on his phone and the Frank Warden case had been settled. He couldn't go any further in the case because of the evidence but it's stacked too much in my favour. And I remember just saying thank you so much. He went out the room and remember just sitting at the end of my bed crying to myself thinking I've beat him. I'm now free. I can now pursue the dreams, the things that I want to pursue. The stress level was unbelievable. Because you've got to remember I say I lose, he beats me in court and back on the street. Literally on the street because I'm not boxing no more. I'm going out to him money whichever way I can possibly in it. And I say when you lose you've got to do what you've got to do.  I don't things to provide for the family that I've got. My kids don't have to be born. I put them on the planet. So whichever way I've got to provide I will provide. And that's the stress and the pressure I had on my mind. So winning that then it was like winning a world title basically? That was great. It was boss meat.


In a world of wonders, there are places that often go unnoticed, like the magnificent mountain ecosystems. Today, we'll explore how these high-altitude havens benefit our planet. Meet Alex, a curious mountain explorer, and Maria, an environmental scientist. They are both keen to ensure the preservation of mountain ecosystems for future generations. Together, they will reveal to us the secrets of mountain ecosystems. Alex explains that mountain ecosystems are found in high places, where the air is thin and temperatures drop dramatically with altitude. These challenges make them unique. Incredibly, there is fauna that thrives here. Imagine meeting a furry snow leopard. These elusive creatures are specially adapted to survive in the harsh mountain climate. Maria adds that mountain flora, like sturdy conifers and vibrant alpine meadows, have evolved to also thrive amidst these challenges. The biodiversity in mountains is astounding. But why does it matter? Let's follow Alex and Maria to find out. One of the greatest gifts mountains offer is water. Glaciers and snow packs act as nature's reservoirs, slowly releasing freshwater to downstream regions. Maria points out that the lush valleys are nourished by mountain water. There, farmers grow crops, and wildlife thrives. But, as climate change accelerates the melting of glaciers, our water sources become vulnerable. Maria's research shows us the importance of mountain conservation. Alex also explains that mountain ecosystems face other serious threats, like deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and overgrazing. These challenges can harm the delicate balance of these high-altitude regions. Maria says that climate change, in particular, poses a grave danger. Apart from it leading to glaciers melting, it alters precipitation patterns and causes shifts in species distribution. She emphasizes the urgency of addressing this issue. It is clear that our experts believe that mountain ecosystems are vital for our planet. They provide water, support biodiversity, and offer unique cultural experiences. Preserving these unique habitats is crucial for global biodiversity, freshwater resources, and climate change mitigation. So, let's help Alex and Maria to ensure the preservation of mountain ecosystems for future generations.


Just a huge military force may become meaningless in the next ten years time. Just bravery and willing to fight, willing to die may not help in future. The nation was made in a hurry, in an unholy hurry. Not just villages, homes were divided in the line. Very impractical boundaries we have drawn, very hard to protect because nobody knows where the damn line is first of all. But at least now, where it is possible to settle, we must settle. Like what the Americans also feel, that we just have courage, rest everything, the resources that we should be having, the technology, the weaponry, the war-fighting machinery, that is lacking in the Indian Army. And there have been budgetary cuts which are further augmenting and thus the soldier on ground feels that what is the end result for all this. So that is what the… I think the line really meant that without resources, how does the soldiers sustain? I am not an expert on this, but I feel looking at various things, I have been closely, you know, I have been talking to various military personnel from United States, Israel, UK and other places. What I see is… and even the Chinese, what I feel is a significant move must be done right now that in the next five to ten years, we should become far more technologically capable than what we are today. Just a huge military force may become meaningless in the next ten years' time. And I know we are moving in that direction, but in my opinion, I don't think it is as fast as it should be. And it is not in… in power with how various other nations are moving. Particularly in United States, they are focusing on making their force very, very minimal, very lean and mean, that's what they are saying. Their force is going to be very lean and mean, these huge ships all over marines, all over the world, all this going to go away in the next ten, fifteen years' time for the United States. And particularly with their new president, they are moving towards that very fast. They don't believe in fighting battles anywhere in the world anymore. That's how they are looking at it. They feel they can address it in so many technological ways rather than sending their men out there. I think that's a direction to go for sure. And how quickly, how rapidly we can do what challenges are there, you are the best experts in the field, but I feel the army and the army, the officers in the army, the senior officers must continuously push towards this, because just bravery and willing to fight, willing to die may not help in future. It needs a technological edge. And we have a billion people with great technological capabilities. The best of that technology should come to our armed forces. See, one... I feel one of the greatest injustice that's happened to the forces is, except for the navy, which has a clear natural boundary, the nation was made in a hurry, in an unholy hurry, if you ask me, that we drew lines on the map without taking various geographical features into account. When you draw lines without taking geographical features into account, then protecting those lines is going to be extremely difficult. That's what you're going through. It's just not right. If it was done with some wisdom and justice, it could have been done. I don't want to make a political commentary of this, but we drew lines in great hurry. There is one satire kind of movie. I don't know if you... because somebody insisted, I must see this, some Begum John or something, have you seen this movie Ratcliffe Line passing through a home, dividing a prostitute's den into two. So not just villages, homes were divided in the line. So when you draw such impractical lines and people are supposed to protect it, forces are supposed to protect that most impractical line. And with all due respect, I'm saying this, because today I went through the Hall of Fame, I went through the First World War, you know, the exhibition that the army put up in Delhi and I've been reading some amount of our... our military history. Please, you must understand me in the right context. Whatever the cause, it is not necessary as far as possible to take lives for it. People should live for the nation. People should not die for the nation unless some extreme condition inevitable. Yes.  We can go on glorifying it.   We can give any amount of meanings and emotions to it, but a man is dead. A man who should not be dead is dead. That's not good. And very impractical boundaries we have drawn, very hard to protect because nobody knows where the damn line is first of all. I'm sure you being on the border, you still don't know exactly where the line is because there are no geographical features to mark these lines properly. Maybe some parts you're saying this river divides us, fine, that's easy, but especially the western border is drawn in such a way, nobody knows where the line is. Simply everybody pushing it all the time. In seventy years time, both sides, how many people have died for what? We could have taken time to fix these boundaries properly. So we were in a hurry to make a nation. This is not… we can't do post-mortem on history. It has happened that way, but at least now where it is possible to settle, we must settle. And western borders don't look like it's going to settle quickly, but our northern borders is very much possible if people sit down in a committed way. It is possible because there are… the situations are different, very different. So this must be done in the interest of the armed forces, in the interest of the nation, and the amount of money we spend on it. And for a poor nation where nearly four hundred million people are still malnourished, so one way to reduce this cost also is to… it can't be done right away, but in the next ten years if we plan to make our forces much leaner and more effective because of technological capabilities, I think this is the way to go forward. I don't think there's any other way.


Hey, you guys. Happy Halloween. This is Kelly from House of Virgo. Hope you guys had a great holiday Halloween holiday weekend. This is going to be your love rating for November 2022. So welcome back. If you're new, welcome. Please do hit like, share, and subscribe. If you enjoy my videos, you can also join my channel and get personal readings from me. Everything you need is in the link, is in the description box below this video. Please be mindful that some of the messages may or may not resonate. So just take a fit. Leave the rest. This is a Virgo channel. You don't have to be a Sun Sign Virgo. You can be any sign and have Virgo in obviously Sun, Moon, Rising, or Venus. Okay. So do join the chat. Hello everyone in the chat. Hope you guys had a great awesome Halloween. All right. Let's get into your reading and see what messages you need to know for the month of November. My goodness. I can't believe it. As this is a love rating, I do feel like I need to say this can be about a romantic relationship, but it also could be, unless it's predictive, it could also be about a love relationship, meaning love with family and friends. So take it as it resonates. Okay. All right. Let's get into this reading. See what the messages are for you guys. What does Virgo need to know? All right. Oh, coffin. Perfect for Halloween, huh? Endings bring new beginnings, growth, change, liberation, transition. That's the death card. Definitely. Okay.  Some things are ending. There's new beginnings happening. Some of you, it's like time to move on. So you can have a rebirth, transform yourselves. You or another person, there's definitely a transition and a sense of liberation. Okay. Let's see what else. What else does Virgo need to know? All right. You've got kisses, unconditionally loving, giving and receiving affection, falling in love. Whoa. Okay. This is obviously a romantic reading coming forward. Well, I'd say that whatever's ending, whatever change or growth is happening, there's a new beginning coming in November, where there's a falling in love energy. Okay. Let me see. I was like, what is with this drama? There is always some drama here. Somebody giving kisses, blowing new kisses, sending new kisses, or someone receiving affection. All right. Healthy choices. Nice. Making healthy choices in love and in life, self-care, self-love and being happier. I love when the healthcare, the healthy choice card comes out. I just feel like I need to get one more. Some of you are making a healthy choice to end a relationship, start loving yourselves. Some of you may have already done that. Okay. So yeah, stab in the back, heartbreak, pain, separation, deception, shocking attack. Okay. So basically it looks like the energy of whatever was in the past, a feeling of betrayal, or some kind of separation that's ended. Okay. And there's new growth, new beginnings, healthy choices, being happier and love, falling in love, falling in love again. Okay. So let's get into this and see what is going on here. One of the messages, other messages. Okay. Two of swords in the reverse. All right. There's a lot of confusion, maybe some indecision, and there's also a compromise being made here. Okay. Something is also being postponed, being able to see the truth, maybe lies being exposed as well. Okay. There's some kind of delay at this time. Let's see. Oh yeah, delay, delay. Some things coming to fruition. For some of you, this hard work, whatever effort you've been putting in, paying off, there's definitely rewards and profits and results. But I feel overall, this is a gestational period for you. Okay.  A lot of you are just moving into self-love. Okay. Self-care, being happier. Okay.  Okay. Because, like I said, you're in a transition period. Let me see what's going on. What else, what else does Virgo need to know? There's Taurus energy, Libra energy there. Okay. Wow. All right. This could be about marriage. This could be about commitment. Yeah. You, so I feel like a lot of you are kind of like, I'm not sure maybe committing to myself is the ideal phase for myself right now, or that's something I need to continue working on.  For some of you, and there might be an energy of like seeking mentorship or maybe going to counseling or going back to school or studying and focusing on getting a degree, you know, you're definitely maybe joining a team or something to do with your career work. That's Capricorn energy. And I really feel like you guys are kind of like in the Sopranos mode where you are starting over and some of you are learning about yourselves, really like becoming more self aware. Okay. And I like it. I feel like you're taking a step back in November, or you've taken a step back and really just focusing on self. Okay. Queen of Cups in the reverse and death in the reverse. So there's an emotional immaturity or maybe some insecurities that you're taking a look at. Maybe there's an issue with trust or a feeling of your lacking direction, not really sure which way to go on an emotional path. Okay. So there is a little fear of a new beginning. There's a fear of repeating negative patterns. There might be some dependency stuff or a feeling of still kind of suffering emotionally, you know, resisting change. So you're kind of like in contemplation mode. And I feel like with this coffin card, there is this energy of like the universe spirit, the supernatural, you know, is trying to tell you that it's time to make these changes and to liberate yourself to have growth and to make these transitions.  Like don't get paralyzed by your thoughts. Right. So I feel like this energy is playing out for you at this time. Okay. And you are exactly where you're supposed to be right now. You don't have to like conquer this mountain in one fell swoop. You can just bit by bit, take a few steps forward. That's what I feel like this energy is. Let me get a clarifying card for the death card. So again, with Libra again, Scorpio. So okay, it could be a Libra Scorpio cusp as well. Let me see. Okay. Yeah. Queen of pentacles, Virgo energy, male female. Yeah, there's definitely a transition happening here. But you're, you're, you're definitely looking in or asking yourself, some of you might be asking yourself in what ways did I suffer and as either a victim or in what ways did I contribute to my own suffering? Okay. So you're doing a little bit of analysis as you go through some kind of change, but that's leading you to making healthy choices and healthy decisions. Now for those of you that had a relationship with someone, if there might have been, like I said, some kind of heartbreak or pain or separation, go back to yesterday's reading, because I did feel like yesterday's reading, the one right before this had a lot to do with somebody getting maybe their karma or, you know, having regret about losing you. But even though that person has that energy playing out on their side, don't stay attached to that because you have to keep growing and you have to keep moving forward. All right. Let me see here. What else do you need to know? Okay. You've got the magician. That's beautiful. Wow. And the ace of wands. So there's major, whatever you're manifesting. Okay. You have very, you have growth. Okay.  There is an energy there of manifesting, taking action, working hard, figuring out what it is that you want manifesting your destiny to have new beginnings. So I do see that's happening. So you're going to start seeing little signs of growth in all areas of your life, whatever, whatever you put into something, you see rewards, you see results. Okay. And the level of effort you put in the universe gives you back the level of results. They're equated. If you're not seeing a lot in the way of results, maybe you need to go back to the drawing board and look at where you need to tweak things. Okay. So I do see you will start seeing some growth and new kind of like a new start happening here for you. All right. Let me see. And that's going to, it's going to be very positive, you know, very good news, very positive. Let me say, some of you are just going to take up some dancing, do some dancing classes. Okay. So hmm, five of pentacles with the 10 of pentacles reversed. Okay.  And I feel like these are going to be some unexpected changes where there may be some type of struggle in regards to your money being able to get your bills paid. It's not no money. Okay. It is just a little bit less and you may notice, okay, something's going on in the career front or the financial front where you may need to seek assistance during this time, recession, definitely recession, world recession, global national recession, a little bit of adversity. All right. Hold on. They're just telling me some of you might also as far as relationship go feel like you're by yourself, you know, like getting, even though things are progressing and they feel like you're on a good path, there is also an energy of feeling abandoned or that might come back up or those negative feelings. Also, and I feel like because it's unexpected, it just might pop out of the blue and it's like, it might feel like a setback, you know, if it just kind of feels like it'll have a physical effect on you, right? This growth you're trying to have, you might feel drained, you might feel like you're out here doing all this putting in all this effort and all this work and for what you're trying to get to that 10 of pentacles, which is, you know, glorious, having you know, this absolute abundance, you know, you're going from the five to the 10, you're not quite there.  I'm seeing little growth or I feel like I have a poverty mindset or I'm struggling or my circumstances are changing and it's like one thing after another, you keep trudging up that hill in the snow barefoot, you know, it just, that's just an euphemism, I guess that's a word, but things are not accumulating and I feel like you gotta ignore that energy.   It's part of the process to success. Success has never done in a linear fashion. It's never just point A to point B, you know, with like, I saw this meme once and I love to draw, so I'm just going to draw. Success is never from just here to here, like in a straight line.  That's how the process looks right here. At the bottom. It's never easy. It's never straightforward. So I feel like there's a kind of a waking up to that energy here, and I almost feel like that's a message to you to remember, stay the course. Keep going. Don't stop. Unless you've reached your goal, okay? If you've reached your goal, and then you're like, okay, now what? Now I feel stuck. Create a new one, right? Keep moving forward. So let me take a look. We're going to look here at love, because there was kisses, unconditional love, and giving, receiving affection, and falling in love. Now either that's falling in love itself, and not in an egotistical way, or it is something to do with someone coming into your life going forward. Okay, wow. So seven of cups in the reverse. Reality, clarity, sobriety, opportunities, commitments, head out of the clouds. Okay. So something feels very real here, and that's scorpion energy there. So something feels very real. Let me see. Let's get in and see what else this is going on here. There's an illusion ending and gaining restored sense. Okay, wow. The high priestess in the reverse. This is revelation. This is revealing secrets. This is very interesting. Hold on a second. What does this have to do? Oh, okay. So I feel like somebody who has been alone and in isolation, it could be a Virgo, another Virgo. It could be a Pisces, it could be a Scorpio. Somebody who was in isolation is in this position of contemplating and doing some soul searching. And what is that contemplation and that soul searching revealing to this person? Well, it feels like either they were very manipulative or cunning or deceptive, getting clarity about this. There might have been an energy of this person getting a restored sense of what they need to do. Or this person, I'm not really sure. It could be the signs that I called out, but it feels like somebody here, not you, is coming to terms with a commitment issue or that they kept a lot of secrets. Okay. Wow. Okay. The emperor in the reverse, Aries energy. You know what? Someone was very stubborn.  So someone very immature, poor planner. I feel like somebody's taking a look at themselves, male or female energy of how they were just all up in their ego. Yeah. Yeah. Why? What's going on? Who is this person? Okay. King of Pentacles in the reverse. Very ungrounded, unsuccessful, corrupt king of pentacles in reverse is not always a good king. This is someone who in the reverse can be very jealous and have no follow through. All right. Yeah. There's some kind of wake up here. Oh, five of swords reversed. Yeah. There's that compromise. If somebody is like, I feel like you're definitely going to get some communication. Someone wants to end some kind of conflict with you and find a peaceful resolution. And it's like, I feel like this person is communicating with you because they realize that they were contributing to stabbing you in the back or some kind of deception. Okay. Well, that's very interesting. Right? That's Aquarius energy, Taurus energy. Oh, wow, the sun exposure, opening up expressing self, truth and openness. Okay. So I do Leo energy there. So I do feel like this might be a little bit of a residual from yesterday's reading. And I, I didn't want to get too deep into this other person because I feel like yesterday's reading really resonated for a lot of you. And you can go back and listen to that. I wanted to focus more on your energy here. You're going through some major changes.  You know, I feel like you're on a really good path. And like I said yesterday, there was some something going on where you've accepted the decision that somebody has made and decided, you know what, I can't, you know, that serenity, serenity prayer comes to mind. God grant me serenity, accept things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can and the wisdom to know the difference. And I feel like a lot of you just got clarity, like you can't change anybody else's mind or their decisions. You know, you can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink.  And I'm out. Good luck. Drink the water if you want. I don't care. I led you in that direction. I tried to do the best that I could. I put all my effort and energy and nothing came out of it. So I'm focusing on self and that's great. Yeah, so okay, definitely this person may just ask if you could be friends or may propose the idea of friendship. Not because that's what they want, but because they don't know that you would want anything else with them. Okay, but cubs are emotional and this does represent, there's Pisces Energy, some kind of reunion or gathering or getting together and celebrating. It could be a holiday kind of thing, festivals, festivities, gathering, could be a graduation, baby, well, wouldn't be graduation November. I mean, maybe it is. Baby shower, perhaps a wedding, engagement party, holiday, celebration, that kind of energy. And look, King of Swords is back. Hello, King of Swords. Always here in our readings, aren't you? That shows up as Libra, but it could also be Gemini and or Aquarius. So yeah, there's definitely somebody coming in to communicate some truth, right? And that's going to play out from yesterday. Here's a 19. So I was feeling like you were going to get some type of message or something around November 19th. Okay, let me see. You know what, I think we're going to go over to, let's try messages of love and see what these messages are here for you. What else does Virgo need to know for the month of November? Okay, boundaries, firm boundaries are needed now. Yeah, and that's not for everybody else. That's for you, Virgo. You need to put boundaries in place for yourself. This is all about self-discipline, setting boundaries and sticking with it. Okay, you don't have to place boundaries on other people. You place them on yourself. That way you know where you stand. And everyone else just has to fall in line with your boundaries. And if they don't, well, that's not your problem, right? You set boundaries for yourself, not for others. What else does Virgo need to know? So I feel like firm boundaries are needed now. This time for you in the month of November. What is it that you want? What are you willing to tolerate? What are you not willing to tolerate? And stick with it. Integrity. Okay, there you go. Does this situation align with your morals and values? Okay, so this is all about your boundaries, Virgo. Okay, if it doesn't align with your values and morals or other people do not align with your boundaries, then you have to just remove yourself from people, places and things that don't respect you. Okay, a lot of times people will try to test your boundaries and life will test your boundaries. Your dog will test your boundaries.  Your boss, traffic. Everybody's going to be out here testing you left, right and center.  Okay, get in alignment with your values and your morals. I do feel like you might be tested. That's why firm boundaries are needed right now. Okay, play hard to get Virgo. Not as a game, but don't give in too easily.  Okay, there's a time for love and then there's a time for work and business and taking care of business, right?  But when it comes to some kind of relationship, if someone is trying to test your boundaries, playing hard to get not in the sense of a game, but just basically in the sense of like, you know, I'm not easy and I'm not going to be easy for you, right? And why do I say that? Because like we want to be open and communicative with people all the time as much as we can to state our case, you know, but there's some of you who might give in too easily to a twin flame or a past life lover who you think is your true love. However, if that was the person who stabbed you in the back or was deceptive or what have you, I don't think you need to be just letting somebody come back in the door willy nilly just because you care about that person or you love that person because we can love people from a distance. If someone is disrespectful or disrespecting your boundaries, or if you didn't have any boundaries and now you're setting them and this person is sensing that now you've got some boundaries up and they want to try to break through so they can get what they want, that emperor in reverse energy. Don't let your emotional thinking change any of that. You have to honor yourself and respect yourself. Okay, so you have to wait. Timing is not quite right for some kind of situation, right? Sometimes just setting boundaries is to see how other people are going to, if they're going to respect you or not, you know, sometimes we got to set them and see what people will do. Some people will be like, oh, okay, yeah, that's fine.  So you have to find out if someone's going to take advantage of you or not by setting boundaries for yourself. All right, let's see what the Chinese signs are here. Okay, of dragon year of the dragon. Oh, just you guys, Thomas sent me and I emailed you back Thomas and thank you so much, sent me the Chinese sign years. Okay, so year of the dragon would be somebody who is born 1964 76 88 2000. Okay, could also be 1952 and 1940. So year of the monkey and you guys can look this up, of course, 1944 56 68 80 92. Okay, and well 2004. Sure, why not? And you have year of the tiger. Interesting. So year of the tiger would be 62 74 86 98. Okay, we have year of the pig. Beautiful. So year of the pig is 59 71 83 95. Okay, year of the year of the rooster would be 57 69 81 93. Okay, year of the rabbit. That would be 51 63 75 87 99. And two more. Okay, we did year of the pig already. Okay, year of the goat would be and it's also called the sheep would be 55 67 79 91. Okay, and one more. And year of the horse. So year of the horse would be 54 66 78 90. Okay, so this could be you. It could be your person. It could be both of you. It could be none of you. So take it in stride. And let me get I want to try to get some names. Oh, this popped right out. Alright, let's see into it some names. So I'm hearing two names. I'm hearing Zachary or Zach. And I'm hearing Zelda. Wasn't that a game? Legend of Zelda. All right. And so you have the letter G. Oh, they just gave me that is so weird. They just gave me an image of Gaston from Oh, what was that Disney movie that Disney fable? Beauty and the Beast. Okay, Beauty and the Beast so many a year of the horse. I'm also getting let me say a I'm hearing Gina. Okay, my stomach is growling. I should probably eat. Okay, that's weird. Okay, they're giving me the name Michael Knox. Michael or Michelle Knox. I'm hearing Knox, like because I'm hearing Knox on a door. And they're saying Knox. I'm also hearing. Okay, I don't know how to pronounce this. It's Q I key key. Somebody's key. Maybe it's an actual key. But Q I, it's, it sounds like key pronounced like an actual key. Right. Okay, somebody's initials are CS CS or SC CS or SC. Hold on you guys. Gary. I heard Gary. All right, initials RP or PR. Okay, then we have the name zoo or shoe Z you. All right, somebody, I don't know if you just got done a zoom call or you're about to do a zoom call or you have an appointment scheduled or you're doing something on zoom and I'm picking up September 8th. I'm also picking up 1982. Okay, it's just even a thing. They're giving me Puma P U M A Puma. Is that a shoe? Do they still make them pumas or somebody used to wear pumas or is it an animal? Puma Puma. Okay, letter P. Oh, and distinctly just said Jojo Jojo. I'm getting Arizona. All right, somebody, they just said, they said say regal cinema, regal cinema. Oh, what's it? I dropped. Oh, I just dropped one of the signs that landed on Aquarius. Okay, let me get one more and see what other message here. Somebody drives or used to drive like a four, no, a truck, a truck. Okay, some kind of a truck. And so specifically, they're saying G M E or GMC, but I don't know if they make them anymore. But yeah, or general, what was that general motors corporation? I know they have all kinds of trucks out there, but there's definitely like a truck with a with a bed. All right, let me see what the sign specific signs might be. Okay, Aries, Pisces, Gemini, okay, Libra showing up. I'm also picking up November 14th will be significant for something. Okay, Cancer, Leo, Aquarius again, and Virgo. Okay, Scorpio, Capricorn, Virgo again, and Taurus. So that could be if you're not a Virgo son, that could be one of your signs when I call those out or some other person that you are listening to this reading for. And let's just get some numbers here. Oh, geez, there it goes all the bloopers I could do with dropping these things. And it is it's gone. So bye bye. All right, let me see. So September 14th also significant. In November, somebody is going to be 40. I'm also picking up the year 1980. Um, somebody is also 57. There's also the year 1978. And 1986. Okay, let me see what else you want to give you here. All right, August 1971. Very strong message there. Okay, 1980 again. November 8th. Here's the 1111. So there is a twin flame connection for sure that feels divinely inspired. I'm just hearing. I'm also getting September 8th. Oh, okay. So now they're telling me last four digits of a number 8, 8, 8, 0. We're getting area code 717. Also area code 88. Also picking up 71. I'm also picked. There's a lot of eights, ones and sevens. So there might be, you guys might be seeing, you know, double or triple numbers of ones, sevens and eights because we have, we have one, then 1111, then 77, then 888. So those numbers are very specific for someone. You're seeing 111, 777. Well, you wouldn't see 777 on a clock or 888 on the clock, but you might be seeing a combination of the ones, the eights and the sevens. Okay. So I just want to kind of clarify that for you guys. However, that might mean for you, but I'm going to leave you every, oh wait, nope. One more thing. We want to do a charm. Okay. So you have the kitty cat. Wow. Okay. Like a black cat. Very superstitious energy. Somebody's got a cat perhaps. Very superstitious. And then we have like, this looks like a flower here, but the first thing that I saw was one of those Chinese weapons, a five star Chinese weapon. I know that's very random and specific. Okay. What else? What am I feeling here? Okay.  Somebody, maybe somebody tells you that or said that to you.  That cat looks like a cartoon cat. Maybe somebody was a cat for Halloween. Okay.  This looks like four string cello or a bass, right? It's a, it's a musical instrument. So somebody maybe plays a musical instrument or you're playing it right now, or you're just listening to classical music or maybe some spa music that's using some kind of six string or four string instrument or doing something with an acoustic acoustic. It feels acoustic, like I'm hearing very raw and acoustic, not, not electric, nothing like that, just very raw and acoustic. And however that resonates for you, I'm not sure. I just, I see that and I can just hear this real subwoofer energy, this bass acoustic, very, you know, I don't know, tapping, I hear tapping, some sort of tapping. All right, you guys. So I'm gonna leave that there for you. I hope that was interesting and gave you a little bit of insight. I'll be back tomorrow on Tuesday, November 1st, All Saints Day. So I hope you guys have a fantastic or had a great Halloween and have a wonderful evening day. And I will see you back here tomorrow. All right, you guys. Love you. Bye.