Hello, I'm Terry Fisher. This is the last in a series of 12 lectures on the subject of copyright. I'll be discussing today the remedies that the law makes available for copyright infringement. As usual, I will concentrate on copyright law in the United States, but will also identify some ways in which the law in other countries differs from that in the United States and some ways in which all countries are now constrained by multilateral copyright treaties. Also, as usual, the lecture will be accompanied by various audiovisual materials, which include maps of copyright doctrine and copyright theory, the current versions of which may be downloaded from my home page, the address of which is tfisher.org. There are three types of remedy for copyright infringement, equitable, legal, and criminal. The first two types are available to the prevailing plaintiffs in civil suits. In other words, a copyright owner who, in a civil lawsuit, successfully demonstrates that a defendant has engaged in copyright infringement, may obtain either or both equitable or legal remedies. In addition, a person who engages in some types of copyright infringement may be prosecuted by the government and, if convicted, subjected to criminal sanctions. The three segments of this lecture will examine these three types of remedy in sequence. The primary form of equitable relief consists of injunctions. Injunctions are orders by courts directing someone to do something or, more commonly, to stop doing something. In copyright suits, by far the most common type of injunction is an instruction to the defendant to cease engaging in the behavior that a court has deemed to be infringing. Statutory authority for the issuance of such injunctions is contained in section 502 of the copyright statute, which is set forth on your screen. As you can see, section 502 provides that, quote, any court having jurisdiction of a civil action arising into this title may grant temporary and final injunctions on such terms as it may deem reasonable to prevent or restrain infringement of a copyright. Note the reference to, quote, temporary and final injunctions, close quote. Those adjectives allude to the fact that there are, in the American legal system, two species of injunctions, permanent injunctions and so-called preliminary injunctions. Permanent injunctions, as their name suggests, are typically issued at the conclusion of a copyright infringement suit. Preliminary injunctions, as their name suggests, are issued by a court before the conclusion of the suit, often long before the conclusion of the suit. When it becomes apparent that the defendant will likely in the end lose and that allowing the defendant's behavior to continue in the meantime would cause the plaintiff serious injury. The principles governing when it's appropriate for courts to issue either of these two types of injunction are set forth on your screen. These principles were not developed in the context of copyright infringement lawsuits. Rather, they were developed by the courts, specifically by the federal courts, to govern equitable relief in general. As you can see, the traditional rule was that a plaintiff, in order to obtain a permanent injunction, must show, first, that she has suffered an irreparable injury. Second, that monetary damages would be inadequate to compensate her for that injury. Third, that she would suffer more serious hardship if an injunction were denied than would the defendant if an injunction were granted. And finally, that the public interest would not be disserved by the issuance of an injunction. The traditional rules governing preliminary injunctions were slightly different to obtain one of these, a plaintiff was obliged to show, first, that she is likely to suffer an irreparable injury if the defendant's conduct continues. Second, that monetary damages would be inadequate to compensate her for that injury. Third, that the balance of hardships, again, tilts in her favor. Fourth, that the public interest would not be deserved. And last but not least, that she is likely, at the conclusion of the lawsuit, to succeed in demonstrating the illegality of the defendant's behavior. This last factor has the effect of making judicial decisions concerning the availability of preliminary injunctive relief into provisional assessments of the merits of the plaintiff's claims. Although technically only provisional in practice, such judgments often terminate controversies. As I say, these principles have long governed the availability of injunctive relief in general by contrast in copyright lawsuits until, quite recently, different standards obtained. Specifically, courts in copyright suits were more likely to grant either preliminary or permanent injunctions than in most other kinds of controversies. Courts typically took the position that a demonstration by the plaintiff that she is likely to succeed on the merits of a copyright infringement suit gives rise to a presumption of irreparable harm sufficient to warrant issuance of a preliminary or permanent injunction. As a result, granting injunctions to prevailing plaintiffs was routine. To be sure, it was not automatic. On occasions, courts would deny injunctions in special circumstances. The three most famous instances in which court suggested that injunctions should not invariably be granted are listed on your screen. You may recall that, in the case of Stewart versus Abend, the author of a short story granted a license to make a motion picture based on that story, a license that eventually ended up in the hands of James Stewart and Alfred Hitchcock and resulted, in their hands, in the creation of the movie Rear Window. Unfortunately, both for the author and for the movie makers, the author of the short story died before the end of his first 28-year copyright term, and thus he was unable to renew the copyright. Instead, his executor renewed the copyright and then assigned it to a third party who promptly brought suit against Hitchcock and his company, seeking to enjoin future performances of Rear Window, unless and until the defendants obtained a new license. You'll recall, I hope, that the Supreme Court eventually sided with the plaintiff, the assignee of the renewal term. However, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit took the position that the plaintiff was not necessarily entitled to an injunction. Instead, in view of the good faith reliance by the filmmakers on the original license, a reasonable monetary award would be more appropriate than an injunction. Another special circumstance was identified by the United States Supreme Court in the Campbell case, which I discussed in lecture number nine. You'll recall, I hope, that the Supreme Court in that case took the position that the defendant, who, without permission, prepares a parody of a copyrighted work, is likely to prevail under the Fair Use Doctrine. However, Justice Souter, writing for the Court, suggested that paradists would not always succeed. After taking into account all four of the Fair Use factors, a court might conclude that a particular parody should not be deemed a Fair Use. In such circumstances, however, Souter suggested in dictum that the defendant might be permitted to continue to distribute his or her parody, provided he or she paid the plaintiff an appropriate damage award. Finally, in the Tasini case, the Supreme Court suggested, again in dictum, that injunctive relief could be denied when its issuance would frustrate, quote, the goals of copyright law. Close quote. The upshot, in short, is that courts occasionally rejected plaintiff's request for injunctions. In the overwhelming majority of cases, however, prevailing plaintiffs were deemed to be entitled to injunctive relief. In 2006, the Supreme Court decided a case that changed this landscape fundamentally. Until that date, most federal courts had dealt with patent infringement suits in much the same way they dealt with copyright infringement suits, granting injunctive relief nearly automatically to prevailing plaintiffs. The Supreme Court, in eBay, declared that that practice could not be justified on the basis of the language of the patent statute. Henceforth, the court ruled, the traditional rules, which I summarized a minute ago, should be employed to determine whether injunctive relief was appropriate in patent cases. In particular, a plaintiff would have to establish, among other things, that the balance of hardships tilted in her favor and that the issuance of an injunction would not undermine the public interest. The opinion of the Supreme Court, in the eBay case, did not provide much guidance concerning what adherence to those rules would produce. However, two concurring opinions, in the case, did so. Chief Justice Roberts, in an opinion joined by Justices Scalia and Ginsburg, suggested that, in the future, federal courts, when applying the traditional rules, governing equitable relief to patent disputes, should continue to be somewhat more favorably disposed to the issuance of injunctions than in non-patent cases in light of the traditional practice of granting such injunctions nearly automatically. By contrast, Justice Kennedy, in an opinion joined by Justices Stevens, Souter and Breyer, identified three circumstances in which, in their judgment, courts should be especially reluctant to issue injunctions. When the plaintiff is a so-called non-practicing entity, sometimes referred to as a patent troll, when the patented issue covers one component of a complex product and thus issuance of an injunction would give the patentee disproportionate bargaining power when negotiating for a subsequent license, and when the patented issue pertains to a method of doing business, a context in which patent protection, they believed, is especially problematic. Although, as you can see, Justice Kennedy was only speaking for four justices, his opinion has proven to be influential in patent law. In the eBay decision, the Supreme Court intimated that the issuance of injunctions in copyright cases should be governed by these same principles that, henceforth, would govern the issuance of injunctions in patent cases. As one might expect, given that clear signal, most district courts in copyright cases subsequently adopted the eBay approach. But a few continued to adhere to the traditional practice, which, as we've seen, strongly favored plaintiffs. In 2010 and 2011, the influential courts of appeals in the second and ninth circuits removed any remaining doubt concerning the applicability of eBay to copyright. In the Salinger and Perfect 10 cases, those courts ruled decisively that permanent and preliminary injunctions could be granted in copyright cases only upon satisfaction of the traditional multi-factor tests. So that's where things stand today. The net result is that it is significantly harder nowadays to obtain an injunction than it was seven years ago. This shift likely seems to you quite technical, and it is, but its impact is fundamental. In the growing percentage of cases in which prevailing copyright plaintiffs are denied injunctive relief and are granted only damages, the courts are, in effect, creating compulsory licensing regimes, forcing, in other words, copyright owners to accept a governmentally determined license fee in return for allowing defendants to continue to engage in conduct forbidden by copyright law. Plaintiffs who would prefer to charge more or to deny permission altogether have no choice but to accept the amount of money selected by the court and to tolerate the continuation of the defendant's behavior. Twice earlier in this lecture series, we have discussed the merits and demerits of compulsory licensing systems. First, from the perspective of welfare theory, and then in the context of public performance rights. At the time, we were primarily concerned with the compulsory licensing systems that had been created by statute. As we saw, such statutory regimes now govern several uses of copyrighted works. For example, covers of copyrighted songs, retransmissions of signals by cable television or satellite systems, jukeboxes, derivative works based upon the restored foreign copyrights, and so forth. But judicially created compulsory licenses implicate many of the same concerns that arise in connection with statutory compulsory licenses. I hope that you can see how the eBay decision has had the effect of sharply increasing the set of such judicial compulsory licenses. Whether that impact will be socially and culturally beneficial remains to be seen. This concludes our discussion of equitable relief. After the break, I will examine the even more complex set of rules that determine the magnitude of the monetary awards to which prevailing plaintiffs in civil suits are entitled.


Korean rice. Oh my gosh gamers. That was the best Nintendo Direct we've ever Well, I mean it was it was an amazing Nintendo Direct but Was it pretty good Nintendo Direct? Okay, as you can tell I'm hyped up. I'm always really hyped up at these directs for a mini multiple of reasons ready for No What that's exciting. Yes We get curry on rice for smash please But also I just love Nintendo and they love directs and I love the excitement that builds up around them And I would have done a predictions video if I had time Nintendo only dropped this on our laps yesterday that this thing was happening and even though a lot of people managed to get out Predictions videos. I was kind of left fumbling around like I don't know And then I really started thinking about like why why do I not really care? Why am I excited for this? But I just don't care or really want to see anything and I think I realized it's because no one's Really been asking for a direct like everyone loves directs Everyone gets hyped up for directs, but we don't really need one right now Do you remember a few months back? Maybe even six months ago when it felt like we were in a directed drought And we had no idea when any of these big games like Pokemon and Luigi's mansion animal crossing were coming And we were just sat there twiddling our thumbs with our switches waiting to know what we were gonna buy this year Well, we suffered through that and we got our direct and we got e3 and we were given all the information We need and now there is it seems like too much coming out So no one was really clamoring for a direct no one was asking for it And I really don't feel like anyone needed it. Do we all want one do we all appreciate getting one? Oh, yeah, of course Nintendo don't stop them. So let's talk about it. Was it the best direct? No Was it the most exciting? No, but was it filled with a lot of really cool announcements and things we can look forward to? No, yes, that one's a yes. Let's get started. Oh wait If you're new around here, make sure you smash that like button and Pay a flip on that subscribe button because we have most likely gonna finally pass that Beautiful 700,000 subscriber mark sometime here in the next 24 hours and it means a lot to me Thank you so much and I do want to say that I put a video up this morning The entire video is like 10 minutes straight of us just laughing and having a great time And I really don't want you to miss it also giving away a Nintendo switch in that video So if you want to know how to enter you're gonna have to watch it Okay, so the direct started and Nintendo knew that the beans had been spilled on overwatch Someone leaked a Nintendo switch overwatch themes case like two weeks ago at this point So yeah, we knew overwatch was on the way and here it is. It's still gonna be really good for the switch I'm gonna pick it up. I'm gonna have a lot of fun with it Some might suggest that I could possibly get addicted to it But regardless overwatch releases five days after my birthday on October 15 now the two things We knew we were gonna see going into this direct was Luigi's Mansion and Pokemon and weirdly we didn't really get much on either of those Luigi's Mansion just showed us a bunch of what I feel like I already knew and have seen before doesn't mean I hated it I'm so excited for that game and you can throw it in my face as many times as you want I didn't learn anything new other than learning that I'm still excited for this game But I knew that already then we got our first shadow drop for the event Nintendo always likes to just announce things coming out on the same day and that was Kirby clash thing, but I'm sure and dude was really excited. What did I say? I said it. I said a new Kirby game and no one was no one believed me Then they showed us the trials of Marna remake I think they were actually announcing it for switch and somehow I assumed this whole time it was coming to switch So I've been excited for that Glad it is happening then during the next game 39.09 my Nintendo direct live stream that I was watching decided to just shut down I don't know what happened there So I kind of missed that one game freaks new game town finally got a full name Little town hero. I'm starting to reel or I think I'm starting to realize that this game isn't really gonna be that big of an adventure It all takes place in the same little town and you have to defend it with RPG battles kind of similar to Pokemon battles And that's available six days after my birthday So I'm gonna have a busy birthday week People were pretty sure that banjo was gonna shadow drop today during the direct I'm not surprised that it was today What did surprise me a little bit though of everything you have to pull from you have two characters left I'm still really hoping one is while Luigi Take a neo-geo character, but they did they did this whole animation I was actually pretty cool going through all these different characters and who's it gonna be and then Terry picks it up and Terry and smash I wasn't disappointed in the character itself And I try not to be disappointed in these things in general because I got to remember There's a lot of people that love a lot of different things so I didn't care about it not being a character on my preference I can't more that it was another slot taken up And we only have one slot left and the chance of it being while Luigi or someone that I would really care about was diminishing So that for me was like eh, but then they announced that they're making more to see characters They didn't say how much at least I don't think they've said how many more they're making But that it's not just gonna be this five They really made it seem like this whole time that was gonna be it and I was fine with that because that's what like 85 characters. What does that bring it up to if they're gonna put in more how much more are they doing five ten 150 are we gonna have a hundred characters and smash I could honestly see them trying to hit a hundred characters and smash Then they went into some Link's awakening that releases in like two weeks at this point alongside the switch light Actually, I was really surprised they didn't touch on the switch light at all during this direct Then no shock to no one we got more dragon quest to be fair this game is really cool I've been playing the demo recently you can download a 10 hour demo of this game. It looks great It plays fantastically and all your progress gets transferred over to the actual game when you get it There was a load of rumors I was hearing a lot of predictions for another Wii U game to get ported over during this direct and I wouldn't have minded Tokyo Mirage Sessions And we're getting Tokyo Mirage Sessions. That's fine. It's actually a it's a good game I wouldn't say great.  It's been a long time since I've played it I am sick of these somewhat persona franchises being on switch But not the actual persona 5 even though we have a persona 5 character and representation and smash brothers But it's fine deadly premonition 2 is a game I know nothing about so I can't really talk on it other than the fact I know RGT 85 was super excited for this one So I hope he lost his mind doom 64 was rumored to become in a switch and here it is no surprise We already have the first three games doom 2016 and doom eternal on the way to the switch The switch is literally doomed at this point and another one is coming and then we got what was for sure the strangest thing about this Direct so they highlighted this direct was gonna feature 40 minutes of Nintendo content Including Luigi's Mansion and Pokemon Luigi's Mansion didn't really wow the pants off anyone It was more of the same awesomeness and then we get to Pokemon a game that you would imagine is really big There's a lot of features. We don't know about it yet And they said that we're gonna highlight for features from the new Pokemon game that we don't know about okay That's exciting. That's fun. What's it gonna be? Is it gonna be the start of Pokemon's evolutions? Is it gonna be some cool new gameplay mechanic? Well, the first one is um, you can customize your avatar Just like every other Pokemon game. The next one was that you can go camping with your Pokemon That's fine. It's cute the third feature they decided to highlight What's curry on rice? third curry on rice You heard that right curry curry on rice all the things that go into Pokemon games all the things you could talk about Gigamaxing all of that like evolutions you decided to focus one of your four things Curry with rice Curry on rice Curry on rice for smash we get curry on rice for smash please I don't know why that's so funny for me. And then the final thing was actually a feature I'm down to here about new Pokemon. There was a couple of new ones I didn't mind either of them the bird-looking thing looked so stupidly derpy but in the best way Cosmetic changes and curry on rice is what they decided to tell us fine now. We talked about this you and I had a Conversation I don't really ever bring rumors or leaks to the table in a video unless I'm pretty sure that they're real SNES games coming online because we found a pattern I didn't find I had nothing to do with it a pattern was found online for a SNES controller for switch Why else make that unless you're putting Super Nintendo games on the system also? I just lined up perfectly right now in September It's like a year since Nintendo online launch a lot of people are sat around having paid for this thing for the entire year Wondering why they paid for it for the entire year and Nintendo want to give those people a reason to keep buying it for the next Year and that reason is Super Nintendo games the question was what games would we get and how many would there be? I was sort of thinking maybe they'll throw five ten at the most and then start trickling some others I know as of like I think right now tomorrow. I think it's tomorrow really soon 20 20 is it a party chat? No, is it a messaging system? No, is it any kind of improvement to the online? No But we get more games that we won't play so that's great Also Tetris 99 got a big update with a bunch of free extra DLC The thing I really like is now you can do daily challenges and earn rewards like skins Which that's cool a bunch of paid DLC and then a physical. Yes, they're giving Tetris 99 the free-to-play game Physical release. I think it comes with 12 months of the online service and all the paid DLC So it does make sense and I'm excited for it I'm not gonna pretend that I'm not but it's weird to see then they rolled out in their classic Montage of games like they do right before the end it actually announced a few games to just in this montage Which are three we already know about but they announced games like Assassin's Creed 4 and Assassin's Creed Rogue And if you never played Rogue, it was actually a good Assassin's Creed game I like four as well. Also. I saw Devil May Cry 2 in there My least favorite Devil May cry but at least it means we're getting closer to the best one Which is the third one then it dived into animal crossing and that surprised me. It's still so far away I thought they would have waited but now we saw some more of animal crossing Minecraft addition Sadly, you can't make curry on rice and animal crossing You'll have to stick to Pokemon for all your curry on rice needs curry on rice then then then Another okay. This alright. How do I phrase this? Um, we are finally getting a fantastic Xenoblade game on the switch Finally finally good Xenoblade game on switch. Who knew that's exciting. I can't wait Oh It's the good Xenoblade and then unless I miss something that was the entire event Super smash like on this video if you liked the direct or my video or even if you hated both just smash like anyway I think it was good. I think it was a good solid event direct Sure, there were some really cool announcements that it was good to see Nintendo confirm them But with they were all but confirmed already which kind of took the fun out of it And then a couple of actual surprises like new DLC characters come into smash and Xenoblade So was it the biggest roller coaster of a direct? Was it the best direct we've ever had? Was it a direct we really even need it? No But I still think it was really good and I still had a really great time This is probably the most exciting time to have a Nintendo switch focus channel as it's around direct So I appreciate you guys giving me this platform to just kind of gosh about the things that I love Have a lip on that subscribe button and once you leave here right now actually right now Please click on this video or just go and watch the first video. I uploaded today. It's really fun a lot of effort into it It's great. Fantastic and special. Here's a clip from it. Okay. Bye. Wasn't there a time where you justified saying Mario because you said I say it Mario. Yes, and I don't say it Mario You kind of died. Oh, I do not you


Do you ever get the feeling like the sense that I hold very little value, that I don't make that much of an impact, that if I stayed in bed today and didn't engage in the world at all or my relationships with the people around me, my community, I don't even say hi to the person at Starbucks, would the world be that different? Would the world be that different? Would it be better? Would it be worse? Would it be the same? What impact do I make? Even we think that we're lost in this grayness of people too because we're inside the status quo in the box so much because we need to eat, we need to pay our rent in our mortgage, we need to raise our kids, we need to have a strict routine that I'm not even the black sheep in the world. There's so much uniqueness out there, I don't even stick out.


So guys we close in on the most important moment in a wizard's life, and that is the house sorting ceremony So let's go I am house delivery, and that's it now house So let's go as soon as I can but let's go Now I haven't actually For the people wondering I haven't linked my water brothers and my wizarding world account to the game yet Even though I'm there I am Gryffindor But I am going Slytherin, I'm hoping I could do the ceremony right I get picked Slytherin for me, and we're gonna be happy But if not, I'm picking Slytherin anyway Because pure bloods have to unite guys. Yes, they do And if you guys do enjoy the video and want to see more Hogwarts legacy daily guides Be sure to subscribe and if you appreciate the video leave me a like really helps me out The headmaster There he is Is it? Oh shiz Complications It seems the goblins Goblins like no time for rumors fake, and I'm rapidly losing whatever patience I had left Simon pegs a legend We might still be able to get you sorted this evening Cool Well, I thought it was right now. I'll be in touch.  I don't even know what you gotta do here Do I get to like more choice questions or some? Was it just pick me a house? I don't know Ah Okay It's a bit older than the others aren't you? You come here with preferences and preconceptions certain Expectations, this is cool. This is cool Okay, so I want to start classes. I want to explore for sure exploring Hogwarts and the world beyond the castle Those classes much can be gleaned by having an adventurous Yes, sir Have a great deal to teach you as well. I Want certain sense of hmm. What is it? I detect something A certain sense of What is it? Okay, thank you hostility and I May seem single-minded, but it is important to go after what you want from life Interesting you recently learned that you possess a rare ability. I Detect a growing sense of ambition That's me That is me Yes, I do Now wonder if it's random or I don't know Guys, let me know down below. What house you got picked for you? But I am in house every day with sliver and Yeah, this is sick Yes, I am there we go Yep, yep, yep, yep, so what happened from here and one more thing Due to the unfortunate injury on the pitch in last bling's final this year the idea has been canceled Yeah, we know we know it's not as though. I've banned so don't cut together.  I think it's I think it will academic futures. I'm optimistic. I'm sure you will have plenty to Do before classes begin tomorrow head. I'm sure you will have plenty to do before classes begin tomorrow Yes, yes, yes, yes. Oh headmaster calm down calm down You know guys, I'm actually gonna end the video here because I know there's probably gonna be a bit of a story here that people don't want to be spoiled So yes people if you enjoyed the video Do indeed hit that like button who helps me out Again guys for those daily Hogwarts guides be sure to subscribe and also join my discord link below For the other wizards and witches sharing secrets at least that and the other guys thanks as always for stopping by And hopefully I will see you on that next one


Lepest legends videos. Thank you. You're welcome, and I hope there's no surprise of who I'm playing as today I know that this is something that like an Instagram thought would probably wear but It's kind of fired some og gators crew neck you guys know how I have that American Eagle sell out, right? Bag security, but they low-key have like some vintage college stuff on there kind of he so I had him send me this It's not sponsored by them. I'll just say it all right back to the video portion So as you should know up until September 27th campus legends Which we're loaded into right now is in Maddox 22 Superstar KO and it's not you know Just random players with college jerseys on them These are all-time teams like a theme team that I would build in month except with Gators jerseys. It's so sick I already did MSU that was episode number one We're gonna have ten episodes of this because I'm gonna win with every single college team right now We're going to Florida Gators because in my personal opinion. This is the most stacked team in campus legends Let me read you the lineup on this team dude. Okay. All right. Look at this. So offense. We have Tim T goats He could have been quarterback or tight end I guess but he's definitely a quarterback Fred Taylor a half back with the Michael Perrine backup Percy Harvin the Marcus Robinson Kaderius Tony a wide receiver and then on the offensive line We have Marquis pouncy and Mike pouncy both studs Trey Burton at tight end pretty good offense But defense draw Davis. He was the first round pick for the Lions a while ago Reggie Nelson Brandon Spikes who is an absolute demon Joe Hayden.  I love this team dude. She's got insane lag right there. Just booted that straight out of bounds Yeah, ooh, what do the Hurricanes have I wish you just click start and look at the depth little play action from the Hurricanes here They're even Nelson who's obviously taking that out of the sky. I don't know what he's thinking here Can we get a little saucy probably not but that's okay It's our ball already so on offense the Hurricanes have Jim Kelly Edger and James Andre Johnson Reggie Wayne Michael Irvin David and Joku.  That team is busted. Oh my god I did not realize how good Miami was bro. They got Ray Lewis on defense Sean Taylor and Reed Warren sap Olivier Vernon Kalei's camp. Okay, dude. Don't listen to me ever not that you guys really thought I was like this big basin of incredible Knowledge or anything, but this Miami Hurricanes team is a hundred times better than the Florida team.  I don't know if you knew that or not, but like it doesn't actually matter Oh, hey, Louis.  Teemo is a 99 Fred Taylor's a 90 Percy Harvinds a 90 Wow, let's grab it with Teemo. Just see what happens. Yeah. All right. I got the right side. He's He's definitely got wheels, bro. Oh my god. He's got wheels. Come here. Okay. I've tried that twice now It has not worked.  That's what I'm learning and classic NCAA form. We're going with triple option. Gotta be done. All right. No handoff here. We got the pitch key Oh, I just pitched it. I'm gonna try that again, bro. I'm not giving up on the triple option Yep, get the pitch get the pitch. Yes, sir Let's go Let's go That's how you run the triple option. All right. I'm gonna go right up the gut with Fred Taylor Fred Taylor's a beast third and three I'm sticking with the triple option. Let's go. Oh, that might not be it. I don't think we got it. Yep We got to get there though. Yes, sir Let's go. Let's go Fred. Get there, baby. Let's go. I'm gonna this is true at CAA I'm running straight triple option until I'm in the end zone. It was so fun to run Yep, yep Dude, I can't believe I'm doing this Oh, is it in? Triple option, baby. Somebody on my last video said I was only running slants So kind of just had to prove a point that I could score with triple option and triple option only Let's say Percy Harvon on the slant that I just said is the only thing I run. Great start for the Gators here I can see their intended target. So this must be a run play, right? No, that's bizarre Maybe those uh instinct things don't work in Superstar KO Brandon spikes right here Got them. Oh huge hit. I love Brandon spikes, bro I got Gerard Davis Brian pool a lot of a lot of recent players on this team That's for sure.  Wait a second. Wait a second instinct did work. Did you see that? I think it put like a yelp. Yeah, I just did you see right there said X to throw to that guy Oh, I can see all of them.  No I'm sacking the QB 100% Jim Kelly.  What do you mean by that? Yep Perfectly time that snap fourth and 14. He is going for it. We got to play coverage with him That was perfect coverage, but hey, it doesn't matter. I was four down. Let me look the rest of the team to Marcus Robinson 89 We kind of expected that I'm not gonna lie Now I did say the series was the win with every college team I did just get my win with Florida, but I'll play another game. Don't worry Also want to remind you guys about something I talked about earlier this month and it was about getting a little mental energy boost So huge thank you to Roman focus for sponsoring today's video Sometimes my brain is just so scattered and I cannot get anything done Especially if I'm trying to record a video and I just can't get my words out Sometimes in my editing you'll see me when I'm just I'm just not dialed in so Roman made this new tropic supplement to support calm Energy and focus so to get that little extra as you just get myself in the zone to make an awesome video Which is what I love doing for you guys. I love to have Roman focus on me I'll actually show you the capsules. It looked like this. They're awesome if I'm really feeling out of it I take just to it can improve concentration memory I kind of wish I knew about it for doing homework, but my days of doing homework have passed So I know you guys might want it for that So if you guys are ready to lock in go to get roman.com forward slash MMG for $15 off your first order plus Two-day free shipping that's get roman.com forward slash MMG $15 off your first order plus free shipping make sure click the link right in the top of description Roman Thank you for sponsoring guys. Enjoy the rest of the video all they needed to do bro Oh, they needed to do was put X factors in this if they had done that bro. Oh, so I'm confused on this coverage here This is punt return I'm not very good at stopping goes. It's pretty difficult to put in the words how disgusted I am how depressed I am But it's Florida v. Florida. I kind of like that. I could really do whatever I want Let's take off a t-boat because he has 97 speed That's 69 trucking by the way I have this dude It looks like nobody wants to actually play me right now because I'm getting a dude running putt return Block you bomb Jevon curse just sacked me for like 23. It doesn't matter. It literally doesn't matter I'm gonna scramble again, and I'm gonna get it Wait, can I just throw a laser here? Yup easy bullet. Oh my god. He's so good Oh, I need to get better at stopping goes well All right, we're gonna try a little play action here should be money since we can roll out really deep with T-Bow Oh, there's so many options. Let's just take this one. Oh my god.  Oh Bro, I really do apologize. My voice is so shot. I have been cranking out so many videos I just I don't ever have a day to let it recover So I'm really sorry, but just know the only reason it's this shot is because I'm trying my absolute hardest to daily upload For you guys, so I love you. I'm sorry. I understand. Oh, whoa chill. Oh My god T-Bow is so ridiculous yet a man in his face right there third and six same exact thing Oh, no, we're sending the Blitzers Yep, oh no, dude this guy's a beast and I think Harvon's gonna outrun Nelson This guy's pretty good, bro. I love this guy. I really do. I like this guy like how he plays Get there. Let's go six to six. Okay Looking good Fred Taylor Looking good get through it. Oh My god T-Bow is so good. All right I know I know you guys hate when I throw it, but that routed.  I'm Tim Teagot RPO base alert lookie hardly even know what I'm doing here, but we're handing it off Wow third and three He threw the blitz and we picked it up. I'm doing it again. I don't care. I want T-Bow to somehow get this. Oh Wait, this is a pass Dammit dude, I didn't even know what I ran on his college rules. He's down by contact. That was almost there low-key This is gonna be an electric game. I'm on site kicking this with McPherson while he's in on-site recover He really waited. Oh x is a touchdown Dude, I would still call that a questionable pass. All right. We're gonna drop everyone back We know he's just gonna scramble and look for a deep pass.   You know what? I'm gonna let you figure it out on your own I was this close to completing it and I know I would have gotten clipped and somebody would have tried. Oh, yeah I just I made a good call there All right, I mean I could throw this I Could really do a lot of different things. Oh My god, he doesn't miss. He's five four five one thirty four in a touchdown That's just cheating Demarcus why don't I know I know slants, dude. It's so open. I have to throw that All right, we're gonna try another another fake pass toss thing. Oh t-bow this time.  Oh my goodness. He loves the crossing routes He wants to throw this. Oh, okay We just might get another edge quit, baby. Yep. Good stop. Yep. Good stop Yep, yep. All right. It's actually pretty good return and now I can just pick and choose literally anything He's so good. I might be able to rifle Fred Taylor because his user is looking for me.  I think he's still a person. Oh, I think he's coming at me.  This is how you stop Hail Mary's boys right here. You just blitz a lot. Oh Well, that also works. I guess Whoa Whoa You better tackle him Oh my god That would have been so bad. I don't think you have any idea how fast I would be able to do it Dude, I'm blitzing eight, but t-bow is just so fast.   I'm picking off a great route Get there. Get there. Get there. Oh Good move, but he doesn't get it. We can still stop those borders Bluff. Are you kidding me? Mine All right, Joe Hayden's got it. Let's get a return. Yep. Yep. Oh my god.  Kyle Pitts is so fast That was a big six. Kyle Pitts wasn't so fast thing We're probably just gonna scramble this with t-ball third and five. Yep. Get the edge easy Oh, I could have just thrown the touchdown, but I want to I want to chew the clock All right, let's see if they bite. He bites. Oh My god the freest read option I've ever Yep. Take care literally just on the phone wheeling and dealing this man I'm about to drop 40 red taylor is kind of going off now I felt bad that he wasn't really getting good reps. Just kidding. I just literally put him back in the negative four rushes negative 14 yards I'm sorry for a taylor dude. I am actually sorry, but it's the team t-bow show.  He can throw a laser to anywhere He can throw a laser anywhere four touchdowns, baby. I've hardly thrown the Kyle Pitts. Let's get Kyle Pitts one right here play action Uh pits. Can you roll? No? No? Dang it. I thought that playmaker was to pitch bro Harvin Mercy Harvin. It's just not his day. I don't get to see the box. I wanted to look at his stats Oh, that's my dude. That's my 38 to six the most resounding w we've ever had Although this is only episode two. So it's really not that cool, but wow boys.  It's so much fun. I love you. Thank you for watching as always I'll see you Next week drop what you want to see next because i'm gonna be playing as every single team But i'm not sure who to play as next so let me know what you want to see. I'll get that rolling I love you boys. Thanks for watching as always peace out


So, it hurts the people, it purports the help. Among other things, it does that by, and this is my economic critique of the welfare state. Welfare states suppress wealth creation, they suppress economic growth, and sadly, I don't have the counterfactual parallel universe to prove this, but to prove it empirically, but poor people would be far, far better off without them. So, it hurts them by basically giving them the false illusion and letting them live in a fantasy land that is everything is fine, everything's okay, when they could be living in a far better world, that requires a lot more of them, but actually provides them with far greater economic well-being. Good intro. Yeah, we can kind of start on those lines. So, I guess to talk about some of that stuff, what I would say is that welfare to me has been proven to be fairly effective at alleviating a great deal of extreme poverty in the world. You mentioned that the thing that alleviates a lot of poverty isn't welfare, it's markets, it's economic growth. And to a large degree, I would agree. I'm not a socialist, a capitalist, I think the profit motive in market economics makes a lot of sense. But I think that within reason though, we can imagine a world that is made better by distributing some of those games to lower income people who need it to the extent that you're incentivizing innovation, and to some extent also bolstering innovation. You mentioned that poor people would be much better off without welfare because it entraps them to some extent. It allows them to fall into the mindset of welfare, to where they don't need to innovate, they don't need to strive. But I would tell you that to me, it's the exact opposite. I think that in a lot of countries with pretty robust welfare systems, we see the opposite. Because after all, it's pretty difficult to work on the next big technological innovation in your garage when you've got hunger and poverty looming over you the entire time, especially when you have to work another job or two in order to meet your needs. Rather, I think that at least in my view, welfare can provide a bolstering effect on innovation for that reason. You also mentioned that we don't have a counterfactual. Obviously, we don't have a world where there's no welfare, but we did have that world for a long time. For a long time, the government didn't provide very much social welfare. That was a world with a lot more, let's say economic precariousness, a lot more poverty than we have today. Now, obviously, you could always ultimately say that the gains in poverty at those times were because of innovation, because of industrialization, because of economic growth. Again, we don't have any disagreements that economic growth can bring people out of poverty. But when we started to see social security and welfare programs come online in response to the Great Depression, for instance, we saw real increases in people's standard of living. Social security has been one of the most successful anti-poverty programs of all time that the US has implemented themselves. I would say that in sort of the broader context of the world, anti-poverty and welfare programs have been shown to give real increases in lower-income people's standards of living. I don't think it's a coincidence that the countries with the most welfare or countries that we would perceive as having the most welfare, countries like Norway, Sweden, Iceland, the Nordic countries broadly, that those countries also have some of the highest rates of social mobility, entrepreneurship, and income mobility in the entire world. I don't think that that is a coincidence. Wow, okay, so where do I start? It's a lot to unpack. You're working off of a lot of mainstream conventional wisdom, so I'm going to have to spend time unpacking the conventional wisdom. Let me just start by saying, so far we haven't talked about the moral aspects that I let off with. I hope we go back to that because economics is interesting, but I don't think ultimately economics moves to the world. I think it is morality, and I think that's why we have a welfare state for moral reasons, has nothing to do with economics. But let me address the economic issues that you've raised so far. Let me start with the end. Let me start with Scandinavian countries. Scandinavian countries have high mobility only because the gap between relative poor and relative wealth is small. So if you have a distribution that is very narrow, yes, it's easy to move across that distribution very quickly. So it's meaningless to talk about mobility in Scandinavian countries and compare it to mobility in the US. What's much more interesting is to look at mobility in a country like the US pre-welfare state and post-welfare state, and mobility was far higher in the United States before the establishment of any welfare programs, including Social Security in the 1930s, than it was post a free market, a true free market, not relative welfare states. Not one welfare state is compared to another. A true free market is the most mobile because it is based on ability. It is not based on the fact that it is based on what you're able to do. You talked about the pre-welfare state world. Well, let's take the pre-welfare state world. In the 18th century, 17th century, however far back we want to go, basically, if you look at Western Europe and the United States, almost everybody was extremely poor, as defined by the United Nations, two dollars a day or less. The entire population was extremely poor except for some aristocrats and maybe some city dwellers, some merchants in the city. During a period where there was no welfare state for about 150 years, extreme poverty was basically, basically as extreme poverty as the UN defined it eradicated in the West, in Western Europe and the United States. Just take a country like Sweden, which is one of everybody's favorite countries because it has a robust or used to have a robust welfare state, less so today. Sweden was the poorest country in Europe in the 1860s, 1870s. 1870 liberated its economy, basically created the freest economy in Europe, one of the freest in the world, if not the freest at the time. From 1870 through World War II, Sweden basically grew its own the fastest economic rates in all of history. Basically, it eradicated extreme poverty in Sweden without any welfare or with very, very little welfare in the 20s and 30s, but almost none. It then adopted socialist policies of massive redistribution of wealth in the 60s and 70s and through the 80s. By 1984, Sweden was basically bankrupt. Since then, it has been reforming its welfare state, shrinking the size of the welfare state. It's still big by US standards, but it's significantly less than what Denmark has and it's significantly less than what it had in its past. But most of that wealth that was being redistributed during those 60s, 70s, 80s was wealth that had been created during its period of free markets. Sweden went through a period when in the 19th century, early 20th century, it had a significant number of the largest businesses in Europe were based in Sweden. It was entrepreneurial. It was massively innovative. It was, as I said, economic growth was robust. It then got to a point when the late 1970s, the two biggest industries in Sweden were ABBA, the POP Group, and Johan Borg, the tennis player. So it had lost its leadership industrial-wise. It had lost its leadership entrepreneur-wise. Today, entrepreneurship is back in Sweden, not in Denmark, not so much in Norway, not so much in Finland, but certainly in Sweden. And if you look at that, it has very little, if anything, to do with welfare, because the welfare state has actually been shrinking from 1994 to today. But it has everything to do with the fact that Sweden has very, very loose regulations. It's reduced the regulatory burden on businesses significantly and as a result, made it much, much easier to start businesses and be an entrepreneur in Sweden than it had been in the past. But again, the real contrast, and again, we can use social mobility. I forget the other two parameters that you use for the Scandinavian countries. But generally, if you look at Scandinavians, for example, Denmark, Sweden, if they were US states, in terms of GDP per capita adjusted for cost of living, would be well below the average of a US state. They would be closer to some of the poorest states in the South. The United States is significantly richer than on a GDP per capita basis than Scandinavia is. Americans live in bigger homes, they drive bigger cars, they have more money to spend and to save. And if you look at life expectancy, people always bring this up. Life expectancy of Swedes in the United States is about the same as life expectancy of Swedes in Sweden as are measures of happiness. So there's nothing special about Scandinavia. It's a nice place to live relative to what we have today in the world. But it's also a pretty dull place to live in a sense that there's little ambition, particularly in a place like Denmark or even more so in Norway. Productivity is not increased as much as it has in other places, certainly not as much as it could in a free market. Entrepreneurship is nowhere near the potential. Israel is more entrepreneurial than most Scandinavian countries. There's just nothing to write home about. And then France, of course, which spends on welfare about as much as Scandinavia does. You don't get any of the so-called pluses that the Scandinavian countries seem to have. Maybe because France is bigger, less homogeneous, and is more similar in that sense to the United States. So maybe if you take away some of the factors that make Scandinavia unique, you don't get some of the supposed benefits that everybody sees in Scandinavia. So no, I think extreme poverty was eradicated in the West by capitalism, by free markets. The welfare state has basically taken all the wealth that was created during that time and spends much of that wealth. And in the process, it has dramatically slowed economic growth. Poverty in the United States, relative poverty, and not absolute poverty, of course, but relative poverty in the United States has not decreased since the 1970s. It was decreasing fast before the war on poverty started. It continued to decrease in the beginning of the war on poverty and since then has been flat. Poor people in the United States, social mobility in the United States has been hurt in my view by the welfare state. Social mobility has shrunk because of the welfare state.  And we can talk about social security. I've spoken for a long time, so let me put aside social security. I disagree with you completely about social security. I think social security has been an unmitigated disaster and is going to be even worse in the future. But it's basically harmed Americans both because it reduces economic growth and because irresponsible people retire on less money. And what social security does, I'm talking about it anyway, what social security does is reward irresponsibility and penalized responsibility. Yeah, yeah. Thank you for listening or watching The Iran Book Show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. 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shortly, and we're going to pray together and get started. May I request somebody to please pray with a class, and we will start. Avni, too. All right. Elisha, go ahead. Master Lord Jesus, we are grateful once again for this opportunity to gather here this morning. Father, we pray, commit ourselves into your hands. It is our prayer that you continue to guide us, Lord, open our understanding, and help us to absorb and to digest on your word in the mighty name of Jesus. We pray that at the end of the class, glory and honor shall be to your name. You commit pastaches to your hands to God. Continue to grant him potrances and insights that he will be able to impart us to your glory. Jesus, my team, we pray, Amen. Amen. Thank you. Thank you, Rowan. Thanks for joining this class. BC 209 on holiness. We are in a short in-between section, where we are addressing the important issue of repentance, recovery and restoration, restoration and recovery. So last week, we highlighted the importance of repentance in the believer's life. So many times we think repentance is only for the unsaved. Now, for the unsaved, of course, repentance is important. But we have also established that repentance is important, even in the life of the believer. That means, you know, I can't, as a believer, I can't say I don't need to repent. And I wouldn't need to repent whenever I do something wrong in thought, word or deed. I need to repent before God. That means I need to change my thinking and my action. I need to repent. And part of that is where we confess to God and we receive forgiveness, the cleansing of the blood of Jesus and we receive forgiveness of sins, right? So that must not be lost in the life of the believer. And we established, you know, several aspects of it. We looked at Romans, Romans 6, Romans 12, you know how Paul brings that out. We looked at his teaching to Paul's writings, too, in the epistles. It's clearly there that we have to deal with sin and repent. And we also spoke about, we closed towards how the Lord Jesus spoke to the seven churches. And to five out of the seven churches, his message is very clear. You have to repent. And we highlighted the fact that to the church in the fissures, the reason he said you have to repent is because they left their first love to the church in Smyrna and Pergamot, Anatom Smyrna, the church in Pergamot and Taira. They had tolerated, they were tolerating wrong doctrine to the church in Sardis. So therefore, they had to repent to the church in Sardis. They had a great reputation, great name. But he said, I don't find your works perfect before me. And one of the things that we can see from Revelation 3, the church in Sardis is that people had defiled themselves, meaning they're doing things that are sinful and then also doing the works, that means the ministry. And he says, the works are not perfect. That's the church in Sardis. And therefore, he says, you need to repent. And then lastly, the church in Laodicea, they were a church of self-deceived. They said, we are fine. We are rich. We've got everything going. But the Lord says, you're actually poor, naked, and blind. And that's just real spiritual condition. So he says, you need to buy from me. That means you need to pay the price to receive gold, white garments, and anointing. So they need you to pay the price. Don't think you're all fine, self-sufficient, actually in self-deception. So essentially, the Lord is rebuking various churches because of what he's finding lacking there. Then we went into chapter. Let me share this PDF. Then we went to the next chapter where we said, even though in chapter 5, even though we may make a difference between lust and adultery, hate or murder, pride and immorality, sexual immorality, and serving this unit in adultery. And in our minds, we may draw a distinction between these things. In the scripture, all of them are an abomination to God. Everything. It's an abomination. God doesn't like it. And so we must call sin all since big and small. The big and small is more in our minds. But in God's eyes, speaking lies is as wicked as killing the innocent. So in this unity is same as idolatry. And it's called given in these verses. So we have to change how we look at sin. And we have to, our pursuit must be, I want to cleanse myself from all filthiness, all filthiness with a smaller big. I don't want anything in my heart that's in my heart or mind or my life that's not pleasing to God, a different thought, word or deed. I want to perfect holiness in the fear of God. So that's the motivation. That's what we are pursuing. So we're going to move forward from here. We stopped here last week. So we're moving forward from there. So our next question that we want to understand for ourselves and as well as when we are dealing with other people is what would bring a person to a place of repentance? What brings a person to a place that they would realize that something is wrong and I need to turn to God? And I need to change my thinking and my acting, what I'm doing. Here are some things that we need to keep in mind, which we see in scripture. So first one is somebody's mic is on. It can be done. OK, thank you. So the first thing we see, the Bible says in Romans chapter 2 verse 4, says that the goodness of God leads you to repentance. Paul is writing, of course, in Romans. He says, don't despise the riches of his goodness or barrens his long-suffering, his patience, knowing that the goodness of God leads you to repentance. So that's the first thing. And we're just looking at what the scripture is saying. I'm not saying everything for every person, but these are the various things that will bring people to repentance. So we need to understand what we should be administering or looking at in any given situation. So in some situations, it's God's goodness that's going to bring a person to repentance. And that goodness often has to be demonstrated through us, that you love, that you're good to somebody, and they are touched by that. And then they are drawn to God and through the process of repentance. So keep in mind the goodness of God. And that goodness must be expressed, of course, made tangible through you and me. And that goodness can be made tangible through answered prayer, through a healing, through a miracle, so on and so forth, the goodness of God. Secondly, we see, which I just kind of made references, the work in miracles of God leads people to repentance in some situations. How do we know that? Here in Matthew 11, Jesus went into these cities. He did mighty works. And what was his expectation? His expectation was that they should repent. So if you ask, of course, they didn't. That's another issue. But the expectation is what I'm looking at, is when he did his mighty works, he was looking, or you could say, one of the outcomes of those miracles, healings, was he was looking for them to be drawn by that to repentance. But these people were so hard. They refused to repent and others, other cities. They refused, even though they had the miracles of God taking place. So in general, the mighty works of God are God's invitation to repent. And a beautiful example is in Luke 5, when you think about Peter. And Jesus, he worked the miracle of the great catch of fish. When Peter saw that happen, his immediate reaction was, Lord, I'm a sinful man. Now, the miracle of the great catch of fish had a deep effect on him. He recognized he needed to turn to the Lord and follow the Lord. And he left everything and followed Jesus. So there are times, I'm not saying always, but there are times the miracles of God will lead somebody to repent. Sometimes people take the miracle and they go away. We've seen that. We know that. But the reason God works those miracles in their lives is an invitation for them to turn to him or to repent. And so when somebody's in sin or whether it's a believer or whether it's a non-believer, we should go ahead and invite God to work miracles. Because perhaps, perhaps, that would draw them to turn to the Lord. I'm not saying always, but that's one avenue, one invitation for people to repent and come to the Lord. The third thing we see in scripture is Godly sorrow. Now, Paul says, yeah, second Corinthians 7, 9 to 10, you were made sorry in a godly manner. You were made sorry in a godly manner. And he says, you know, I rejoice. So he's writing the Corinthians. This is a second letter to them. He said, I rejoice that you were made. Not that you were just made sorry, but your sorrow led you to repentance. And then he says, you were made sorry in a godly manner that you might suffer loss from us and nothing. For godly sorrow produces repentance leading to salvation. So in chapter 7, Paul is kind of justifying why he wrote a very strong letter first. His first letter was very strong. Put away from you that sinful person. I'm surprised you haven't dealt with him yet. That's for Corinthians chapter 5. And then in second Corinthians 7, he's now explaining to the Corinthians why he was very strong. He says, you know, and I really deeply appreciate what I'm just paraphrasing what you did. He says, you were made sorry in a godly manner. And I'm happy about it because your sorrow led you to repentance. So sometimes we must keep in mind that the sin or the things that are wrong had to be confronted, have to be rebuked, have to be addressed in a strong way but with the intent of bringing that person to a place of godly sorrow. Let me say, what I've done is wrong. And that leads the person to repentance. And this is what Paul did with the Corinthians. So his first letter was a strong rebuke. And then in the second letter he explains, look, you know, your godly sorrow, it was a good thing because it brought you to repentance and resulted in salvation. And you don't have to regret that. So when we are dealing with people or in our own lives, we must understand the importance of godly sorrow. That means you are feeling sorry, but it's in a manner that brings you toward God and not just taking you away from God or making you sorry for yourself or sorry that you were found out or sorry that you're getting into trouble. That's not the point. The point is, it's a godly sorrow. It's a sorrow that draws you towards the Lord and recognizing that what is wrong was not pleasing to him. And lastly, we also see in scripture that God grants repentance. You know, so Paul is writing to Timothy and telling him how to, you know, how he should be the servant of the Lord and don't quarrel with people. He'll be gentle, teach them, be patient.  So that means, of course, they're going to be people. They're going to be people who are going to oppose what you're saying. They're going to oppose you as a person and so on. But in humility, you speak to them. Why? If God would perhaps will grant them repentance so that they may know the truth and that they may escape, come to the senses and escape the snare of the devil having been taken captive by him to do so. So he's recognizing that, you know, sometimes people who are in opposition to the truth or against the truth, they have in some way come under the snare of the devil. They've come under the influence of the devil. Paul's recognizing that.  Just be humble and you teach, you correct, you give the truth to those who are opposing you and let God do the work of bringing them to repentance and embracing the truth. So God granting them repentance. Again, we have to understand it the way we were talking about early in the earlier class meaning God is moving upon them, bringing them to that place of repentance, but ultimately they have to repent, right? Their choice and their responses involved. But God will work on them. Through Timothy, Timothy's role is in humility, you give them the truth. Recognize the devil is at work, trying to hold them captive but let the Lord move upon them to bring them to a place of repentance.  So in scripture, what we are seeing is that there are at least these four ways mentioned for us that a person can be brought to a place of repentance, an experience of God's goodness, an experience of the miracles of God, sometimes being brought to a place of Godly sorrow, which could happen through a rebuke or an instruction. And sometimes it's just somebody presenting the truth and knowing that there's a spiritual battle and you're engaging in it, praying for them and let God, let God move upon them, bring them to a place of repentance. Now, repentance is our first step to recovery and restoration. That's kind of the direction I want us to, I mean, the direction we're gonna go from here, that sometimes our sin takes us so far away from what God wants for us. I'm not saying this is gonna happen every time, right? See, we all make small mistakes, we immediately realize it and we repent, God, I'm sorry, I should not have gone angry or I should not have spoken like this to that person or whatever and we repent. But sometimes a believer can take the road like the prodigal son and we know that story of the prodigal son who, I mean, everything was right, everything was going fine. He was in his father's house but he took what was his and he wandered away. He wasted everything, he was so far gone. Until the moment came, look, 15, 17, he realized, the Bible just says, he came to himself and he said, that's this moment of repentance. Hey, I need to, you know, he changed his thinking. He changed his thinking right there while he was feeding the pigs. He changed his thinking. He said, you know, there are servants in my father's house or in a better place than me. I need to go back. So repentance happened right there. And then he made his long journey back to the father's house. So there was recovery. There was a journey of recovery that he made and then there was beautiful restoration. You know, the father welcomed him and clothed him and put a ring on him and sandals on his feet and celebrated restoration. Now, sometimes believers make this prodigal son journey. You know, I'm not, I'm repeating what I said. Not every sin takes us this far, but sometimes continual sin will take a person down this road. The question is, what if Luke 15, 17 never happened? What if this prodigal son, when he was at his low point, never changed his mind? He was stubborn, he was rebellious and he just refused to accept that he had messed up. Then you would have probably, you know, we don't know. It was just wandered further and further away. The story would have had a different ending. But the good thing is repentance happened. And there was a journey of recovery. He had to make the journey back home to his father and then there was restoration. And sometimes in our own lives or in the lives of the people we are helping, this process needs to happen because sometimes either we or maybe the people we are working with have made this prodigal son journey far, far, far away from the purpose of God for our lives. So while repentance on a day-to-day basis you know, could happen in a very small way, meaning, you know, like we said, you do something wrong, you immediately realize it and you say, God, I changed my thinking about it. Forgive me, I'll return. Sometimes in some cases, this long journey of recovery and restoration is needed. And I want to talk a little bit about that. We, you know, now, okay, before we get into that, what I want to tell us is on a day-to-day basis, one of the best things to do is to keep short accounts that as soon as you know something is wrong, just turn to God, keep short accounts. You know, don't ever make that prodigal son journey. Don't ever do it. You know, we must be quick to repent. Something is wrong, just God, I am sorry and get yourself back in line with God, right?  And remember, whenever our hearts turn to God, there is healing, you know, when we understand and we turn, what'll happen? God will heal us, you know. So what does this do for us? When we understand with our hearts and we turn, God heals us, right? So the key is you understand what God is telling you, hey, that was wrong. The way you spoke was wrong. The way you said was what he said was wrong. You understand with your heart, you embrace it, turn back to the Lord, he heals us, right? So that's the best way. Keep it simple, keep it short, keep short accounts. But sometimes it has to go through a process, meaning if a believer doesn't keep short accounts, they're going to be like this prodigal son. They're going to make a long journey far, far away from the will of God until finally dawns on them, hey, you've wandered a long way from where God wants you to be, you know, and what happened in the church in Corinth is an example and we will be looking at it. But in the day-to-day life of a believer, for example, a believer gets into a wrong relationship. And just whether this is a single man or woman, they slowly wander, wander, wander, wander away into living an immoral life or a believer is a married man, he gets into a fair outside of marriage, then he just wanders, wanders, wanders, wanders away. I'm just giving these as examples. Sometimes it could happen with money, you know, a believer gets trapped with a pursuit of money or the misuse of money and just goes further, further, further away from that. Or it could happen with some sort of addiction, you know, with alcohol or with drugs or whatever, a believer gets trapped in it and gets wander, wander, wander away from God. And so it's, you know, we're talking about believers and if they don't keep a short account of, you know, they don't stop right there at the very beginning that we have done something wrong that's taking me away from God, I need to pause, I need to repent. What'll happen is they just make this long road, like the prodigal son, further and further away from God. And then to get them back is a journey of recovery. It starts with repentance.  I need to get back, right? So what does that process look like and how can we help either ourselves or somebody else in a go through that process? In this passage in 2 Corinthians chapter 7 verse 8 through 12, Paul is addressing the Corinthians and he's talking about, you know, what they went through after his first letter, where he brought in a strong rebuke to the church and what happened, right? So let's just read this passage. Could somebody read verses 8 through 12 for us please? I can read it out loud. It's right there on the screen. Second Corinthians chapter 7, 8 through 12, please. For even if I made you sorry with my letter, I do not regret it, though I did regret it. For I perceive that the same epistle made you sorry, though only for a while. Now I rejoice, not that you were made sorry, but yet that your sorrow led to repentance. For you were made sorry in a godly manner that you might suffer loss from us in nothing. For godly sorrow produces repentance leading to salvation, not to be regretted, but the sorrow of the world produces death. For observe this very thing, that you sorrowed in a godly manner, what diligence it produced in you, what clearance of yourselves, what indignation, what fear, what vehement desire, what zeal, what vindication. In all things, you proved yourselves to be clear in this matter. Therefore, although I wrote to you, I did not do it for the sake of him who had done the wrong, nor for the sake of him who suffered wrong, but that our care for you in the sight of God might appear to you. Thank you, Samuel. So Paul is commending the Corinthians for the way they responded to his strong correction that came in the first letter. So he's saying, look, I know you were made sorry. You agree, you sorrowed, but it all worked out for good, right? Because your sorrow brought about repentance and it brought about salvation. So that sorrow brought repentance, eventually leading to salvation or the restoration. But what happened between that repentance and the restoration or salvation that took place in the church among those people? And he writes about that in verse 11, like what actually happened? And I just like to use that as a little framework for us to see what repentance, recovery and restoration looks like. I'm just taking it directly from primarily from verse 11, right? What does it look like? You can see, in repentance, he says, there was so much of diligence, that means you were very serious about this.  We got to correct ourselves. So they have a very diligent, there was a clearing of yourselves. That means like, okay, I need to get this right. I've messed up, I've done what's wrong. I need to get it right. So there was that eagerness to do what is right. Then they were indignant. That means they were really angry.  Obviously it was an anger towards sin. So displeasure towards sin. There was fear or a alarm or a shock that I've actually let this happen in my life. I mean, I'm talking about the group believers. And there was strong desire. A holy longing, a seriousness of purpose. So I've put these five expressions or emotions or reactions, responses under repentance. So what does repentance look like? Godly sorrow, which he says is different from the sorrow of the world. So we're not talking about just being sorry about something, but this is Godly sorrow. What does it look like? Well, you will look for these things, these characteristics. Is there seriousness, earnestness about this thing? Or are people just joking or just making a show? So there's gotta be diligence. There's gotta be a clearing of yourself. I mean, so hey, I need, I really want to do what's right. I don't want this wrong in my life. I don't want this evil. I don't want this wickedness in me. There's gotta be that indignation towards the sin. If there is only, if there is toleration, then whatever we tolerate will dominate. So if there is no indignation, there's no anger towards the sin, it's going to continue. There's gotta be a sense of fear towards God and a sense of alarm, like how could I let this happen? That fear is good. I'm talking about in this case, right? In repentance. And there's gotta be a strong desire, a holy longing towards getting this right. You see, if we don't have this, then that repentance sometimes just becomes a show. And I remember this was way back in the 19, in the latter half of the 1980s, there was a very, very famous preacher. At that time, this is back in 88, 89, at that time, he was the leading evangelist in the United States. And his program was seen worldwide. That means his television program was going into many nations. Very, great evangelists, just amazing, if you listen to him preach. Just amazing. And God, I mean, his ministry was just exploding, just growing so powerfully at that time. And then, now he was not a newcomer, right? He had been in the ministry already, at least by that time for at least a decade or more, I forget the actual details, but he was not a newcomer. He'd been in ministry for already more than a decade. He had established ministry, growing ministry, Bible, college, this, that, everything. And maybe even two decades or by that time. And we don't know how long he was living in this kind of sin, but what came out in the news was he was caught with a prostitute. And that's what came out in the news. Now, we don't know how long he was living like a life like this. But when the news broke out, he had been caught with a prostitute. And this is in America. And it became global news because he was a very well-known evangelist and all that. Now, when the news broke out, within two days, or the Sunday, right after that, I think, I forget the exact date this thing happened, but the Sunday, his program was telecast live from his church, whatever. But that Sunday, there was this whole service where he was crying in front of the TV audience before his church, before his audience. And so he wasn't an evangelist, but he also had a church in church base and all that. And he was crying and beeping and saying, I'm sorry and all of that. And there was no, as far as I know, there was no acknowledgement of how long this was happening, whatever, whatever. And at that time, he, if I remember correctly, he belonged to a particular Pentecostal denomination. And, but his ministry was so big, nobody could really control, have any say in it. And they, even though they withdrew, you know, that denominational affiliation and recognition, he just continued in his ministry. So all he did was one service where he supposedly repented with a lot of crying and drama, all of that happened and continued his ministry. Now, people loved him so much. He was so, I mean, he was so truly anointed and got so gifted, you know, people just continued supporting his ministry, he just continued. But within two years, within two years, from that incident, he was once again caught with a prostitute, within two years. Happened again. Now this time, what do you do? What do you say? This time, people were not as forgiving. Okay. And from that moment on, you know, the support of the ministry, everything. So, you know, literally such a global ministry just impounded and just came crumbling down. And he had to, you know, this time, if he was going to repent, the repentance had to be genuine. So I'm just giving this as an example where now to continue the story to at least to bring the story to close, now this man, as far as, and I think he's still alive. And he, at least from my knowledge, the second time was a very genuine repentance. He put himself in submission to, I mean, his ministry basically collapsed at that time.  And he continued, you know, the ministry, but, you know, under a lot of support of people around him, so on, so forth. So he took those measures, but he never recovered in terms of impact of ministers. As far as I know, the church and the ministry is going on into some extent. He's still preaching and so on, but it's not, you know, where it used to be. But at least the good thing was, he put himself in a place where he would protect himself and not make the same mistake again. And I've not heard of any further mistakes of the same kind. But I'm just comparing the first two. That in a period of two years, this great evangelist would repeat his mistake, even though the first time he supposedly, you know, repented so much on to it with crying and people feeling sorry for him, et cetera. But why did it happen within two years once again? Perhaps. And I'm only speaking as an outside viewer, as an observer, right? I don't want to take the place of God. I'm just sharing this as a learning for all of us, not an enemy to be judgmental about the evangelist. I still respect him and he's done a lot, you know, and now he's probably in his 80s now. Anyway, I'm sharing this as a lesson for us that perhaps the first time when repentance supposedly happened, these were missing. Or these were just dramatized, you know. We know, okay, we're supposed to show all this. So, you know, we can say it in words and we can, you know, do it with tears and, but perhaps it wasn't real. And I'm not, again, I'm saying, I'm not trying to judge, but I'm just saying, you know, what could have gone wrong? Why did he, you know, fall into it within two years? And, you know, the fact that God, the people had so forgiven him and stood with him the first time, how come he would go and do it again? You know, or how many times he did it again before he was caught? We don't know. But the point is true repentance should have these things. There should be diligence. There should be an eagerness to do what's right. There should be an indignation towards sin. There should be holy reverence toward God and a shock. And there should be a vehement desire to do, to do the right thing. Then there's a process of recovery. And I'm just taking again these terms from Paul's, second going to 7-11. He said, there was zeal, there was vindication. So in the process of recovery, what must we do? We must fire up our passion for God, our devotion for God. So that has to be restored or recovered. We're going through a journey of recovery. So if you want to imagine the prodigal son, he's on his way back making that journey back to his father's house. Now, his passion is being refined and set toward the right things as he's making the journey. Previously his passion was on, let me have fun. Let me enjoy life.  Do things, whatever. I have money to spend under, now his passion is. Let me be a servant in my father's house. Let me serve faithfully. Let me humble myself. You know, let me be faithful to my father. Let me love my father. So that's the journey of recovery. So zeal is being restored in the right direction. Secondly, there is vindication. That means I got to punish what's wrong in my own life. And this is where Matthew five comes in, whatever is wrong, pluck it out, cut it out, cast it away. There's vindication with the help of God. You're punishing wrongdoing. And if it means in your own life, it's got to be done. This is where there is severity in how we deal with things. So this is involved in recovery, firing up of zeal toward God and I'm punishing what's wrong. And lastly, there is that restoration that takes place. God brings back into our lives what should be there. And, you know, we prove ourselves to be clear. We live life in such a way that we are without blame. We are free from blame.  That's free of any of these things. So that restoration happens over time as we prove ourselves to be clear. That will take time, you know. People, of course, will believe us and so on, but I've got to prove myself living a blameless life. So in our own journey, repentance, recovery, restoration, or in helping other people, you know, look for these things. Repentance. Is there genuine repentance? Is there recovery? And this is how recovery happens. You're restoring the passion for God. You're punishing what's wrong. You're dealing with these things that are wrong. And then restoration. They've got to prove that they are clear of sin. Okay. So let me pause here. I don't, I love time for questions, but let me see if there are any questions. Okay. Okay, I'm just seeing a comment here. Is the voice breaking for all? Okay. I'll be nice. Okay. Okay, okay. All right. So let's see the questions here. Elisha's question. How many times can you repent of a particular sin? The Bible doesn't tell us specifically what we know, Hebrew 7, verse 25. The Bible says that, you know, the Lord is able to save us to the uttermost. Those who come to him through Jesus Christ. So our answer would be, you know, God will save us to the uttermost, which means we repent in as many times. But our responsibility is to, you know, make sure our repentance is genuine and we are looking to make that journey of recovery and restoration, right? Otherwise, sooner or later, I think we'll be seeing in the next chapter that if we don't repent, if there's no genuine repentance, yeah, we will see it on Wednesday. It can eventually take us away, you know, slowly. It's gonna move us away from that place where we will even be making a journey of recovery. So that's the danger. If our repentance is not genuine, right? So to answer your question, you know, God saves us to the uttermost, but on the other side, repentance has to be true for our own sake, right? To make sure that we are in the right place. Two more questions. And Brother Manohar, can anointing and gifts continue when there is sin in one's life? The answer is yes, you know. This is because one, Romans 11 verse 29, the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable. God, you know, has anointed the person and put gifts and anointing irrevocably. And so he continues to work to the person with the sake of the people, he will work.  But at some point we will see a shift because if that person continues in rebellion, continues in sin, initially there'll be the stage where God is merciful and God is, you know, still anointing the person for the sake of the people and go on. But if that person doesn't get things right the wrong, either that sin is going to be exposed and God, you know, that's when everything will come to a halt or at least it has to be addressed with, either sin will be exposed or the person is going to get into error. Right? That means that sin is going to invite the wrong kinds of spirits and so the Holy Spirit, they're going to start opening themselves up to the wrong kinds of spirits. And it will no longer be, or it may be a mixture or it may not be even God working through that person's life. But we, you know, we have to be discerning to know when something like that has happened. But most often what happens is that sin gets exposed and God deals, God deals with that. Okay? Elisha and the narration is it the case that God may forgive him in restorative but man may find it very difficult to, Yes, yes. So in the example that we spoke about, people will find it difficult, you know, to really trust that person after a repeat of the same incident. It's going to be hard for people to trust and, you know, understandably so. And even God definitely is forgiven the person. God definitely will, you know, will continue to work in that person's life but people are not going to find it easy. Right. Okay. There's a question from Beth. Yes. Yes, go ahead. And follow up yourself. When there is sin in one's life, can the anointing continue in the same level in its ministry? Yes, for a period of time, usually you'll find them, you know, you'll find people operating with the same grace, same anointing because it's the mercy and grace of God. I mean, they, it will be going, it'll happen. And so the answer is yes, you know, they could continue that way. But at some point, like we said, if the person doesn't get, don't repent, their sin will be exposed and that will be, you know, pretty, pretty harsh. Or they would start journeying in the wrong direction and that's when things will get into wrong things. Okay, one last one, Matthew 6, 15. If you do not forgive men, their trespasses, neither would your father forgive your trespasses. So Matthew 6, 15. So this whole issue about forgiveness. Now forgiveness is very important, right? We need to forgive people. We need to keep our hearts clean. Don't hold any bitterness or grudges. We need to forgive people, release them. But how do we understand Matthew 6, 15? We know that forgiveness for us is based entirely on what Jesus did on the cross and not on any of our works. In other words, it's not like if I've committed 10 sins and somebody has, people have committed 10 sins against me after I forgive 10 sins, then my 10 sins get forgiven. It's not like that. My 10 sins are forgiven because Jesus Christ paid for all of our sins on the cross. That's the basis of forgiveness. So therefore, how should we understand Matthew 6, 15? We should understand Matthew 6, 15 as the experience of being forgiven in our lives happens to the extent that we extend the forgiveness to others. So receiving forgiveness makes possible God's redeeming, saving work in my life, which is transforming. But that work in my life is limited or hindered from reaching its fullness when I fail to forgive somebody else. So it's not that my sins are not forgiven. My sins are forgiven because of the blood of Jesus Christ. But my experience of the result of being forgiven is going to be limited to the extent that I hold unforgiveness in my heart towards other people. And so for example, my prayers could be hindered because of that Mark 11, 22, 23, 24, or first Peter 3, 7. So this unforgiveness towards others, what does it do? It hurts me. It prevents me from receiving the full benefits of being forgiven in my own life because I'm not releasing it to others. Or Jesus put it like this, when we have unforgiveness, we end up with the tormentors. So that means, doesn't mean I end up in hell, but I am tormented because I'm not forgiving somebody. All the God has forgiven me. Is that okay, Beth? I hope I answered your question. All right, so I thought we would finish this section, but there's just a little bit more, which I think we can finish it in another 15 minutes on Wednesday. And then we will move into our third section, which is on overcoming. How do we overcome, okay? So let's wrap up for today. I know we've taken 10 minutes extra, like we always do. Could somebody pray and then we will dismiss, please. Could somebody pray with us? Shall I pray first? Please, please go on. Thank you, God. Thank you, Father God Almighty for this privilege of learning your timeless truth. And Father, as we are learning it, Father, help us to be doers of the word. Help us to follow them, apply them to our lives and be prepared for your glory, for your name to be exalted in and through our lives. Father, thank you for all the provision. Thank you for this platform. Thank you for everyone who joined in. And Father, thank you that in your wisdom and in your grace and favor, we stand, Father. Thank you for every blessing and thank you for a new day. Once again, we thank you and we give you glory, honor and praise. We ask this prayer in the precious and matchless name of Jesus our Saviour. Amen. Amen. Thank you, everyone. I'll see you tomorrow. God bless. Bye now. Thank you, Pastor, God bless you. God bless you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Pastor, God bless you. God bless.