Hello and welcome everybody, hopefully this will be the last video with this crappy microphone because I have purchased a new one which should be coming in a few days and hopefully it will be much better than this but anyways this should do the job for now. Let's get started with this project, I have already created a very basic project just so we don't waste any time and I will walk you through this project right now. First of all I'm going to open the PowerShell on Windows but of course if your Mac use a terminal and on Linux I believe that you have to use terminal as well so I'm going to left shift right click on Windows and open the PowerShell Windows here and of course if your Mac you have to CD to your project folder and this will be available to download on my blog post and get her page which will be all linked in the description below and let me open Visage to the code quickly I've already got it open and yeah and let me show you some of the project so first of all let me expand everything so we have so we have this public folder with just CSS inside and this is a main .css file we'll be writing a very minimal minimal amount of CSS we have a views folder which will be basically where we'll be storing all pages so we're only going to have two pages the index page and about page the index page will be kind of like a blog where we have a big column and a small column with a sidebar and then the about page will be forward just to show you how we can use the EJS layout last but not least of course we have all app.js and we have all packages JSON which I will go through I will go through both of them right now now first of all if we go to packages.json you will see that the only dependencies that we have are the EJS and express and also we have the not one for development purposes so we don't have to restart the server every single time now let's quickly install the express EJS layout and to do this we can go to command line terminal, power shell whatever you're using I've zoomed in quite a lot hopefully you can see and what we have to do is npm install and we have to install express EJS layouts just like this press enter this will install the dependency for us and if you go back you should see that you have express EJS layout and now we can include this into our app project and start using it first of all let's actually start the server and see what we have to start the project we can do npm start and this should hopefully start Nodemon and the app is listening on port 5000 I will also go through app.js in a second but if we go to the browser and go to localhost with the port of 5000 I only have hello world at the moment but we'll change this very soon now first of all let's go back to visual studio code and let's navigate to app.js so let me walk you through the project super quick now first of all we have a very simple express setup which I have talked about before I actually have a full video on this which I will link in the description below but as you can see I have required express we have port number of 5000 and then we actually listening app listening on this port number and I have set the VR engine to be obviously EJS because this will be using today I'm a very simple router and I have some static files and we actually won't be using those two so I can remove them but we will be using a little bit of CSS so I can leave the public CSS and again I have a video on this as well which will be all linked in the description below now this is all good the first thing that we need to do to start using the express EJS layout is to require const and then we can do express layout and this will be equals require and the require that we need to do is express EJS layout just like this now that we have express EJS layout we actually need to make sure that our app is using it and to do this we can do app.use and then inside we can pass this variable name here just like this and we should be ready to use the layout so now if I go back and refresh you will see that we actually get in an error and this is because as a default let me zoom in as default the express EJS layout uses this layout EJS file to be the default layout so let's create the file and see what happens let's create a new file and this file will be inside views here so new file layout and EJS so layout.EJS and let's save this if we go back to the browser and refresh we shouldn't get any more errors now this is because the file is now available and the EJS layout is working now to prove you that this is working we can actually add something here let's say h1 hello EJS layouts just like this refresh and as you can see we get hello EJS layouts to be able to use this layout in all pages what we can do is first of all let's create a very simple HTML file that could be potentially reused on multiple pages so first of all let's create an HTML5 and we can leave the title as document for now we'll show this one later and what we can do is we can use the body EJS tag which will then bring the data from each individual page so this will be a template the layout EJS and let me show you and inside here we can do like this body just like this and if we refresh you will see that we are getting hello world and this is because now project is using layout and this is the main layout but this layout is taking the content here this body tag is taking the content from index dot EJS and what that allows us to do is reuse code on multiple pages so I can literally write any code here just like I would normally do hey hey there that's safe and let's see what happens so if we go here you will see that we're getting hey there and if I refresh sorry if I see if I see the page source you will see that we're getting the HTML file and inside the HTML file we're actually rendering the homepage which is brilliant we can do all sorts of stuff like this we can set up different layouts for different pages maybe you have a register page you might want to have a different layout you can have a full screen layout you can have layout with two columns and so on so we can be doing a layout with two columns and I will show you how that works and also I'm going to show you how to use partials just because I think that they fit quite well together so let's go back and let's have a look let's create the second page so this could be home for now and let's create a second page and this one will be called register no not ready and this will be called about dot EJS so this could be h1 just like this about okay so because as default the express layout is using layout EJS the about page automatically will be using that layout as well but we do need to make another route so let me copy this and do slash about and this will be about I think yeah that's fine so hopefully if we refresh and go to slash about we should get the about page and again if we inspect the source code you will see that we're getting the HTML and inside here we are rendering the about page which can be very useful when we're working on a bigger project let's go back so as a default we have layout EJS but what if you wanted for some reason to change the default name of the layout or you wanted to change the directory let me show you how we can do this so first of all instead of so first of all let me actually rename the layout and let me move it to another folder so for example let's create a new folder just for this example and of course feel free to structure your project the way you want the way you feel comfortable so I'm gonna go with inside view so I'm gonna create a folder called layouts and inside here let's move the layout EJS and let me say let's say this is the full width layout so I could do rename and let's say full dash with full dash with dot EJS let's save this and let's see what happens obviously at the moment the default is set to layout and that's why it's looking up layout EJS but we don't have that anymore and let me show you how we can change the default first of all to change the default let's go back to app.js and maybe just under here we can add the new default page and to do this we can do app.set then we have to do layout and then we have to pass the folder which in this case will be one backwards one directory backwards then slash layouts and then slash full width dot and that's it so let's save this and let's see if this works if I refresh as you can see this is working just as expected now the default page is full width dot EJS and of course we could have called this the full and so on and let's actually leave the full width layout to be the default one and let's create another one which will be the one with the sidebar. I was actually thinking to do a run but I think this makes more sense okay so let's duplicate this so let's create another page in here in layout and we'll call this one sidebar.ejs but what I mean by this is having a big left column and a sidebar on side now first of all let's start creating some of the pages okay let's first of all start building the full width page and I'm just going to do some super simple css in here so let's do with the class of wrapper and the reason I didn't want to use bush trap for this is because it adds way too many divs and classes and it's just confusing if I'm completely honest with you so what I'm going to do is create a wrapper and inside the wrapper we're just gonna have a main and inside the main will be our body text just like this and this would be actually okay but let's make this a little bit more interesting and let's add a header just like this and let's add a fake footer as well just like this just like this let's indent them a little bit so you can see better and I think this will be perfect let's save go back and as you can see we have our header we have the about and we have the footer obviously I'm gonna make this a little bit better looking but let's go back to the home page let's go back to the home page here and let's make this look a little bit better now I'm going to open the main dot css but actually forgot to include the star sheet so let's do that super quickly I'm gonna do a link of CSS and this will be main dot CSS CSS just like this and this works because we have in app.js we have set this static files folder which is quite helpful so let's save this go back and as you can see the I don't know if you saw but the color of the background changed and this is because I actually have added body color on this page so let's go back and finish off some of the styles so as you can see I have body background with EEE as a color font size is like 26 pixels it doesn't really matter at this point so let's quickly center line all page and to do this we have the wrapper so with so let's set width to be 700 pixels margin zero auto to center line let's do background color to be white let's add some padding and let's see what we have okay this is looking a little bit better so you can have a clear understanding of what's going on let's now start with the header and the footer so so we can see the separation a little bit better to do this I'm gonna do header let's do let's do background color ghost white let's do padding of 20 pixels save this okay and I hope that you can see this the header is kind of highlighted and the footer is highlighted and this is the main content area here for website so this is actually so we actually work in on our home page and let's do okay so this is absolutely fine and I think that now is a good time to show you how the part shows work now first of all to do this let me let me create a new folder inside here inside the views and let's call this folder part shows so views part shows and part shows are basically gonna be chunks of all layout that we can reuse elsewhere just like what we're doing right now with the ejs layout but I'll show you what this does so for example we might have a header with a menu that we want to reuse on some pages or we want to hide in some pages and we have a footer which we might want to group on a separate file and so on so to do this normally you would cut this and inside part shows maybe we can create a new file called header dot ejs and I would paste the header in here now to include this file now to include the header inside here what I can do is with ejs I can do percentage dash include and inside here we have to we have to include the file this will be double back then to get to the views then slash part shows and then slash header save this and let's see what happens if I refresh we have an error and this is because I actually have to put ejs in here also I forgot to close the ejs tag here so let's refresh again and now I believe that we have space yep let's remove this let's refresh and okay now it's working so as you can see now the header is actually in a separate partial file which is pretty cool so if you had a menu so it's pretty cool to organize your layout just like so let's do the same for the footer so for the footer let's grab this create a new partial inside here and this will be let's paste the footer save and remove and now we can include the footer again just like this and this should work as expected now if I wanted to remove the footer for some strange reason from here I can do just take it off save and as you can see the footer is now completely gone let's go back and actually we are pretty much done with this layout one thing that we could do is maybe display a different title here and to do this we can do it with ejs so let's open ejs it's kind of hard to open ejs and let's do title okay to pass the title you probably already know but we can do it inside here we can just do title and the title will be a homepage just like this save this and as you can see here it says document if I refresh now it says homepage which is perfect so we've passed the name this is brilliant and we can do the same for the about but now I want to show you how we can use a totally different layout specific layout for a different page now to do this we actually have to do it inside here where we render the about page so we have to do cover and inside here inside brackets we have to do layout and then we have to specify the layout that we want and this will be this will be I believe dot slash layout and then and then sidebar I don't think that we have to type in js here so let's save this and let's inside here let's do sidebars let's save and we obviously have to navigate to the about page and as you can see we have this sidebar working specifically for the about page so let's create all out super quickly in here and to speed up the process I'm just going to copy the full width layout from here and paste it into sidebar just like this and again to use the content from the about ejs I'm using the body tag but in this case I just want to create a side a side bar as well just to show you that they're two different layouts so what we can do is let's separate them a little bit and let's do side and let's just type something like sidebar like some and save now obviously I haven't done the CSS for this and it might be just easier to do a grid for this so let's do a dip with the class name of I don't know loud layout sidebar it doesn't matter to wrap them in this element and the only reason I'm doing this and the only reason I'm doing this is just so I can align them properly so let's save this go to the CSS and let's do display grid and then grid template and we have two columns and let's do the first column to take two fractions of the available space and then the second column which is or sidebar to take one fraction of the available space let's save this save this and also inside the about page we okay we have a little bit of text but let's also let's just add a little bit I'm gonna do paragraph here and also by the way I forgot to tell you that this is just a normal HTML page so you can be adding your div tags your paragraphs and so on it's literally a normal page that just renders inside each inside the layouts so sidebar or full width in our case or if it was the default one layouts.ejs so let me quickly add some content and this will be this page look it has two columns so let me just show you let's create a link here and this link will be href maybe to the home page just like this let's save this go back refresh and we have a problem with the title and this is because we actually haven't passed the title and the two ways to fix in there we can either go to the sidebar page here let me just close the rest obviously this title it hasn't been passed and that's why it's already so we can either delete this or we can pass it from here so we can do title and then we can pass the name of about page just like this and then comma and then layouts will follow save this refresh and as you can see at the top here I don't know if you can see but we have about page this is the title we have the header included we have the text and we have the sidebar let's just quickly change the main area a little bit with CSS just so you can see a little bit better but I think you get the point anyway so I'm thinking of the main and then backgrounds color sync whatever and then let's just do padding 20 pixels and also we could do gap this matter but as you can see now we have the header the left side column for the about page we have the sidebar which is unique to this page and if we go back to the home page which I've linked you will see that we're getting the home page which is forward layout and so on let me quickly add some text for the home page so let's do this is the page let's add the link quickly to slash about just like this and save let's refresh and as you can see again everything is rendered nicely we have full we have full control of where we want to display the header where I want to display the footer we have full control of the layouts now we can have different layouts for each page and so on I think that might be pretty much everything from now I hope you like this tutorial I hope that I explained it well and if you like to see more tutorials just like this please follow me by hitting the red button below I will post a lot more Node.js tutorials and don't forget to smash the like share the content with your friends and please comment below to let me know if you've enjoyed the project or if you have any problems or future suggestions and that's it I will see you in the next one thank you very much for watching


This is a very great day for us out here, because we get to see true Olympians, true athletes, and people that inspire us.  And we get to partner with the Special Olympics. This is absolutely a bright light for us. All the members out here, for all the hard work they do, because we have that saying that's on the side of our vehicles that say we fight as one. That's our logo, and that we is our entire community. So no matter where you are, what you do, we are one team. And when you go out and represent Pasco County and the Special Olympics and you compete, remember, you're not just competing for yourself. You're not competing for your team. You're representing and competing for Pasco County.


Great. So I'll be chairing this session as many of you know Alessandro De Vita, that was a very dear friend and dear colleague. Too many of us, I was killed in October, October 2 of just this past year while going back to London. Alessandro was a professor at King's College in London and also a professor here at the University of Trieste. So several of us will be giving very brief talks with a little bit of a personal element and especially a scientific element just to show some of his scientific results to all of you. I read something very nice about him in the few days after his death. Someone said Alessandro was wired differently from most of us and I think we all think so. I mean, he was really different and I tried to list here something of his quality, of his intelligence, of his knowledge, imagination and his mischievous and deeply generous spirit. So I'll just spend two or three minutes. Ariel yesterday has broken new ground as far as you can go back in time. So a few pictures. This is Stefano de Gironco, his wedding. So Sandra is here. You probably recognize Francesco. You probably don't recognize me. And this is Alessandro Variolla. It was a wedding. Yeah, yeah, yeah. It was Stefano's wedding. Another one. Sorry for this. This was for Alfonso Baldereschi, 60th birthday. Actually, Alessandro was a student of Alfonso Baldereschi just 30 years ago in January 1989. He started his laureate work up here on the second floor. Everything was just the same, apart from the computers and the BT100 terminals. You see also here Christina, Sandra's wife. And here appears also Sandra Scandolo, Alfredo Pasquarello, Alessandro Satt and Silvia Rubini. This is one of the last pictures that I have of him in Claircourt with Carla Moultonian with Caterina Serra. And I decided to give you something somehow personal, but just to show you a little bit of something between the two of us. It was a friendship for 40 years and emails for 30 years of apologies. I skipped something also very precious to me. And this was Arash this summer celebrating. We were in London. I visited King's College for a month. He had just been promoted professor. And I'm really grateful he decided to really open all his most precious bottles. And we had a great day together again with Christine here that is Sandra's wife and Arash's wife and daughter. And this is an email, as I said, apologies if it's personal, but I just wanted to give you a little bit of an insight into Sandra. So it's an email when I wrote for his last birthday in March. I was worried that he didn't reply to me. And so I wrote to him checking that we weren't in the situation in which only one of us was dead. Because I think if both we were dead, we could still communicate. And Sandra replied saying he's not dead. He's just buried. And then he went on one of his literary outreach. This was Borges dear to both of us. He said Aleph's week. And he talks about Beatriz Viterbo. That was the woman loved by the poet in Aleph. And then he mentioned Zia Otto, beloved Zia Otto. And then he gives me some advice. He says, sorry, it's in Italian. He says, don't breathe a nerve gas on public benches. He was referring to the Salisbury poisoning.  I will not tell you who was he referring. Don't sell assault rifles to disturb youths. And you see some social criticism. And of course, choose your parents carefully. That is something that you can't do. And then he goes on to James Fraser and the Golden Bull. Great inspiration for Thomas Elliott, our friend, Cantic Gosh. And I was going to LA to the APS. And he recommended me to not get shot, or in case I was in the middle of a shooting to be careful. And he concludes this took some time, but is an interesting thing. We were both found when we were in high school of metamagical games by Douglas of Stutter. And there was a famous story in which he mentioned 1453. That is the year of the fall of Constantinopolis. And it's a prime number. And this prime also, if you read it in reverse. And of Stutter came to the University of Trieste in 1986. May 1986, we were there listening to him. And Sandra was drawing a caricature of him. And then we go down and start talking with him. And I saw him that surrethitiously goes to his back and sticks the caricature in his jacket. So that night of Stutter went back and found the drawing of Sandra and this. So this was just to give you a little window in some of our many, many years of interactions. And these are the last pictures I took of him. The day we saw each other at a rush. And with this, I give it to Stefano for his talk. OK. OK, I'm Stefano de Gironcoli. And I was actually a colleague of Sandra's colleague at the university. And actually, these are the places where Sandra was born in Udina, not far from here. Graduated with Baldereschi as myself and Nicola a few years in Trieste. Baldereschi was a commuting between Trieste and Lausanne. And Lausanne actually was also one of the places where Sandra worked. From Trieste, he went to Kiel University. Then moved to, for PhD, then moved to Lausanne, working with Roberto Carr and colleagues. And then got positions both in UK and Trieste. And so started commuting. And so for most of the last, I don't know, 20, 30 years, he was commuting between Trieste and. OK, I didn't work explicitly with, I mean, we didn't publish anything together. But whenever he was here, we discussed stuff. He was updating me about what he was doing. We were planning or, I mean, wishing to do something together, but we are a bit different interest, et cetera. So this didn't happen. One thing that in the back in the days was not very clear was how to deal with, I mean, making simulation in the Taliq system with a reasonable number of k-points and how you can do that. So that we are talking about 30 years ago and in an efficient way. And of course, one idea is to introduce some temperature. And but introducing the temperature to spoil the results, especially if you want to do it with the machines that you had at that time. So you need to do very few k-points and therefore very large temperature. One thing that, I mean, Sandra was exploring was the fact that actually we are all interested in computing. OK, temperature or smearing, they look the same so they have similar properties. So we are interested in the low temperature result. But what we can afford is something that is high temperature because this allows to use a few k-points. What you can calculate is the internal energy or you can calculate the free energy. Both are significantly wrong. So what one can do is actually take the same sum, the average of them, and then this gives you a much more stable and close to the limit that you are interested in result. This is something that he was playing around in the 90s. And then the problem is that if you take this semi sum, this is non-variational. So the forces that you can compute from the variational problem are not consistent with the corrected with this. So the energy is accurate, but the forces are not consistent. And OK, but he was saying, OK, but these are metals, what you are missing affects a few electrons around the Fermi energy. How much this could be important? So maybe it's not so important. So I think then the solution, a more elegant solution, involves some modified smearing. But this is not the point. What I want to say is that he was always very happy and interested in trying to solve relevant problems, and even doing something that is not formally correct, but give you some insight, and then maybe things can be fixed. But don't be scared of doing something that maybe is not fully right. And so I mean, one memory that I have of him is that we were discussing about type of physics or type of approach that you may have on your work. And he was saying that, OK, you can play attack, or you can play defense. I mean, you can try to stay safe, or make bold moves. And I definitely think he was in the category of people that makes bold moves and have good insight. And then things will be, I mean, if something good come from that, as for instance, I mean, we had, and there will be a couple of games we'll talk, and other people will talk about this machine learning, learning on the flight, et cetera. I mean, in the past 20 years, we had several discussion, dinner discussion, about what were the problem left. And each time he solved the previous problem, but there were new problems arising, but he's never stopped him to think that he was going forward. So that's what I wanted to say. Thank you, Stefan. Thank you, Nicola, in particular, for having shown this beautiful email message. I think that summarizes really perfectly, as far as I'm concerned, what Sandra was. I mean, this combination of passion for art, for beauty, for literature, and so on and so forth. I think we're trying to describe Sandra with jargon that has been used in the last session. I think Sandra was really lying. I mean, probably six or seven standard deviations away from the average scientist, from the average of us, including myself, certainly. And I was trying actually to try to identify something that could really define what it was. I think what really characterized it was this passion for beauty. Beauty in all its manifestations, whether it was art, it was a book, it was a movie. And whether, of course, it was science. And so I've been asked here to say a few words about this contribution to science. It was an outstanding scientist, of course. This is a picture we took probably a year and a half ago. Well, you can see the wine. He loved the wine, by the way. So this is probably, I chose just a couple of papers just to give a flavor of, actually, the way I actually met him, I got to know him, because that was a time in which we were both beginning our careers. It was the early 90s. We were both graduating at our PhDs and both starting a career in the field of Abinition Molecular Dynamics, which is really the beginning. For those of you who are the younger members here in the audience, that was a time in which a few years after Roberto Carre and Michele Parinello in the mid-80s started this new enterprise of being able to do Abinition Molecular Dynamics for realistic systems. Of course, the beginning was just a toy model, but at the end of the 80s, beginning of the 90s, we're really starting to use and implement these techniques into software that could be used to solve practical and interesting problems. And I think this is probably the first example of a really large-scale simulation. Of course, you shouldn't be, I mean, 100 atoms at the time was really huge by any standard. So this is the first time that actually a chemical reaction was looked at. Chemical dissociation of a chlorine molecule on top of a silicon surface. Of course, this was really starting to hit that very relevant technological issues, which our field that was at the time still struggling with. I mean, we're still struggling with developing simple methodologies that could describe, say, bulk systems, crystal structures, but that was really the first time, at least as far as I remember, in which this methodology that our community is now using, you know, on a daily basis, we're starting to be used for a process that really had a strong technological interest. In this particular case, it was etching the physics of semiconductors, the engineering of semiconductors as well. And you can see here, well, I don't want to go through the details. I mean, you actually run a number of simulations looking at different starting conditions for the Cl2 molecule, and you actually manage to get insight into the electronic structure of the process from the time in which the molecule is still associated to the time in which the molecule dissociates at the surface and forms the bonds. Now, these figures are probably very, you know, common. You find them in any paper, but at the time, it was really a breakthrough. I must say. Let me also say something about a bit of an historical remark. I mean, Sandra was also the kind of person who liked to make connections and networks with everyone. At the time, the community of Abinition Molecular Dynamics was quite polarized. There was the group in the UK doing primarily Borno-Penheimer Abinition Molecular Dynamics and the group in Trieste doing primarily Carparinello-type molecular dynamics. Sandra was actually jumping between the two. It was probably the only one who was mastering both techniques quite deep way. And we mentioned a second, oh, sorry. Yes, this is actually a movie that Sandra and colleagues, I think I have to click on it. Oh, it's going, there's no sound. Okay, it's a pity because the soundtrack was actually Bach's Brandenburg Concerto. So again, it shows the interest that Sandra had. That's okay, that's okay. It's only music. It's actually short. You see the credits here and you see then a movie precisely of the trajectories that led to the results that were described in the paper I just showed. So this is chlorine impinging with an energy of one electron volt into the surface of silicon. Again, these kind of movies where are common nowadays, but at the time I was really shocking. I mean, I remember the first time I saw it, I was really shocked to see that with our techniques we would actually generate insight. And not only insight, but I guess you probably all agree that this is actually a beautiful piece of work just in terms of pure beauty. Let me actually just mention now a second paper. This is actually much closer to what I was doing at the time. This is related to the problem of the graphite-to-diamond conversion of which I've been working. That was actually my first paper in the field of Abinicio, in the Abinicio community. I was trying to look at something which is rather academic problem, looking at the transition between graphite-to-diamond, which is a very well-known, even from a technological point of view process. We're trying to understand essentially the microscopic details of the transition. To a large extent an academic problem, which however took a substantial amount of computer time because I was actually, I think this simulation was, if I remember correctly, 48 carbon atoms. And that was the best I could do. And then a couple of months later, sorry, I skipped this, sorry. A couple of months later, here comes Sandro with a simulation which is of course, or is of magnitude better than what I was doing. Essentially it was looking not just at the dime at the graphite-to-diamond transition, which is of course of sort of academic interest, but it was looking at the reverse transition, the transition of diamond into graphite, which had instead an enormous technological importance because that was the time in which the first examples of diamond growth by chemical paper deposition were published. And so there was this problem that because the temperature was high, the surface of diamond was actually graphitizing during the growth. So the graphite islands in these samples. So it was extremely important from a technological point of view, but it was of course also a tremendous tour de force from a computational point of view. As you can see now, he's dealing with 288 atoms plus vacuum. And to do that, he actually developed a code. I'm not sure, I mean, I think there are actually people that have been using this code, but it was actually the developer, the first developer of low-trek, the code that he developed when he was in Lausanne. It's actually Sandro. So not only was he interested in the application, but also did important, very important contributions into the development of software. That was the first, I guess, massively parallel code for a Carparinello method. And as I said, I wanted to close by showing this picture, this one here. This is actually taken from the chlorine on silicon paper. I like this picture because I think it really summarizes what Sandro was. This is a beautiful example of science. You see electronic structure, you see charged density, but I think nobody would be surprised to see this piece of art in a contemporary art museum, isn't it? It's really beautiful, I love it. So I think this really summarizes his passion for beauty. Hello, everybody. So I sort of represent a pretty large group of people who studied at the materials department at the University of Trieste and who were really truly inspired by the overwhelming enthusiasm that Sandro had for science and for computational material science in particular. Sandro actually got his second PhD at the department of materials in Trieste. Yes, he had two PhDs and later he became a faculty member until his death. The very first time I met Sandro was at the eighth edition of this conference at the, in January 1997. And I was still undergraduate and I was introduced to this young scientist, literally while he was playing guitar at the poster session, while discussing science, while also having fun with this group of friends that were shown at the beginning. And this meeting for me was literally life changing for many things, for many aspects. The very first one is that after a few months we became friends. After a few months he recommended me to my future PhD advisor who accepted me and he's actually the director of this edition of the Total Energy. So this is one very important thing that I owe to Sandro. So coming to science, so this has been shown already but those years, I'm talking about 1997, 2000. So Sandro was making his first footsteps on what later became his Triangle Trail that he kept doing over and over. And at that time one of the things he was studying and was involved in, among many others, was this field that was emerging and it was a hot scientific topic at the time was molecular self-assembly at surfaces. And really this is a seminar work in that area and it's one of the most cited paper in Sandro's publication list. And really with his simulation they were able to nail down the physical origin of the formation of these ordered structures at the atomic level and you see modeling showed that hydrogen bonds caused the observed self-assembly. Sounds obvious now but at that time it was not so obvious and actually he demonstrated this from that time over the next 10, 15 years. He kept working on this idea and elaborating it further and to the point that he added an intermediate stop along the Triangular Trail that was Stuttgart where we met again scientifically. And the reason for Stuttgart is that he developed at the time longstanding collaboration with the group of Klaus Kern. He is a pioneer of that field and over that period of time between 2002, how I would say it, some years ago he became a world, Sandro became a leading figure in this field. He gave many contribution explaining complex and subtle and very important problems in surface science. So here again, just two examples, again working on this concept of hydrogen bonding and the importance of hydrogen bonding at surfaces, something he explained with his hands. I remember he was explaining this chirality of one-dimensional hydrogen bond and assemblies explaining that this with his fingers, depending if they met this way or the other way, I'm not able to do it, but you actually see it there. And he developed this even further. He really was able to explain even much more complicated situation like this one in which there were phase transition going to in two-dimensional over molecular overlays, developing open structure and as a function of temperature more closed to the highest density. Another thing I learned from him and that he was really a peculiar quality of Sandro was his gift for communicating science with really original thinking and creativity and enthusiasm. And I thought that this cover of this cover paper in Angevanth Kemi somehow summarized this. You see, there's so much Sandro in it. There is London Street Life. There is the movie because of the molecular dynamics. There is the simulated STM images. There are molecules who sort of pair. There is the dimerization of Diffenina Levine on the surface, but not only they pair. You see, this is a pair of people. A couple actually dancing. So Estanoce Kiraetango on the surface. And this is another example, live camera action. And this was the sort of things that Sandro liked to explain. So these were the puzzles he saw on the microscope. Well, the colleagues showed him on the microscope. And this was really, yes. He provided the molecular understanding of why this happened, this pairing and the molecules changing the structure and locking into pairs that then formed the left or the right chains on the surface. So I wanted to sort of bring my experience of Sandro's life in this bunch of time. And here's a wonderful picture of him also explaining the soft skills that he had and the way in which he used the soft skill to succeed in science and to have such a good network and connection. So I appreciate the difficulty of switching from current research talk to this, but I will try to do that by, I think the best way to do it is to give you a further flavor of Sandro's enthusiasm for his atomistic work. And he really introduced me to Trieste, introduced me to this community, introduced me to thinking about molecular dynamics. And I want to tell you about one of his passions. He called it learn on the fly, some of the students and postdocs involved in it. It all started actually before I got to know him. That's the title of an MRS bulletin, 197. There's novel scheme for accurate MD simulation of large systems. And it's a great title. It's a title I would have loved to give to any of my favorites and we're still working on novel schemes for accurate, accurate MD. I got to know him when I came back from the US and got a postdoc in Cambridge and immediately was introduced to him by Mike Payne and started working on developing his ideas in this. And I want to point you, and the culmination of the first milestone of that is the second paper where the name learn on the fly was in the title already. I would like you to read this highlighted sentence. It expressed his very deep vision at the time which I took over and completely subscribed to. And it says, we take the view that there is no feasible analytic form for the classical force model, can reproduce simultaneously the reference model's accuracy and the transferability since these two properties post opposite requirements on the force model's complexity. So if you think back to the research talks, that has changed and Sandro has changed but we were all thinking following him that machine learning was nowhere on our radar that this can't be done. And the second picture is really his solution. He loved that figure. Essentially what that figure represents is an MD trajectory at each point of which you have a very simple functional form, a pair potential. And it's parameters keep changing because the real quantum mechanics locally is different and you inform those changes by doing quantum calculations say every 10 steps. And that idea filled my world at the time that all came from Sandro of thinking about MD as information, information transfer from quantum mechanics into the trajectory. And the end of that paper, the figure on the bottom, right, which is a figure of a crack. And again that fracture was really one of Sandro's passions and I got to understand that much later, but that it's really the prototypical problem for which these ideas and these method is perfectly suited and really the only way to do the fracture problem was something like this. And that is because you need about 100,000 atoms to set up the system but the bond breaking that's going on is exquisitely quantum mechanical. I'm going to show you a couple of movies that I and other students and postdocs working with Sandro have made. He all loved these movies and showed it, looked at it many times. So what you see here is that silicon crack, which for the first time we were able to simulate with learn on a fly. What you see on the top, once I started, let me start it and then talk over it. Yeah, so the top is what you'd get if you have a classical potential and don't update it and eventually it'll really go wrong. What you see on the bottom is the blue atoms are the ones where quantum mechanically computed information is being incorporated into the system and that gives qualitatively and quantitatively the right behavior, whereas what happens in the top is lots and lots of defect production and that's really not what happens experimentally. If you crack silicon carefully, it really cleaves. So this made him extremely excited and all of us thought that this is really the best thing in the world. And then as you were playing with this, this is going to be a similar, we now adjust the combined one, the learn on a fly with the red atoms, quantum mechanical and the yellow atoms staying classical, but what's happening here, as you do this very, very slowly, because you can, because you can afford to, the largest quantum calculation we need to do was a hundred atoms, is you see that step? It was actually one of, it was James Kermode who noticed it, the student in Cambridge and later a postdoc with Sandro. And those steps always occur stepping down in this orientation, only one way. And we all thought this was sort of very cute and we didn't realize the importance of this. Sandro realized the importance of this and he was the connection to an experimental group which once we started talking with them and Sandro was the link between the modelers and the experimentalists resulted in, I guess what is the highlight of this piece of work, is this paper in Nature in 2008. Sandro went to talk to the experimentalist, a guy in Israel, Dov Sherman, and asked him, have you ever seen anything like this? And he showed him these movies. And Dov, so scratched his head and said, well, there are these samples in my drawer from five years ago and Sandro loved telling this story which they put away because they couldn't explain what was going on. And those samples are shown there, this is an optical image of the fracture surface on the top left here, that's the rig in which you do the fracture. And they just couldn't explain what those ridges were. And this team organized and convened and organized by Sandro. We managed to connect these two things. So basically the claim is that these little steps are the origin of those ridges, the edges of that V. And we managed to connect, do something very rare, connect the breaking of a single bond, the rotation of a bond and then the subsequent breaking to a macroscopically, experimentally observable phenomena. Which are those ridges. I think it's a bit tenuous, but Sandro was persistent. He loved the system so much. He went on to really prove that this was the connection. If you stick a boron atom into the system, this was, now I wasn't involved in this work, it was James Cromode and Jean Pietro Morris. If you stick a boron atom into it, then that bond break, that bond rotation and step is much, much more prevalent. That boron atom really induces that. And they managed to correlate the density of boron atoms with the propensity for stepping and the appearance of those ridges, which really conclusively proved that this was going on. The next, I went on to do other things, but Sandro's assistance with fracture, he really was the expert in modeling brittle fracture in its all shape or form. This was another one of his favorite systems. This is a piece of silicon in which you inject hydrogen gas at high pressure. And you can control the depth to which the hydrogen is injected, and it's actually a way of, it's a way, it's something that's used in manufacturing silicon vapors, because you inject this hydrogen to a certain depth and the silicon cleaves as a very large, flat sheet off of that, the bulk. And Sandro wanted to understand how this happens microscopically, and he said it's the first, now chemo-mechanical corrosive fracture simulation in which those hydrogen atoms dissociate and thereby advance the crack at a much, much smaller load than the material would break otherwise. This, the last piece of work is more recent and really represents in some sense giving up that early view that potentials cannot be complex. And that's, and although Sandro loved the original idea of learn on a fly, when it was time to go beyond it, he did. And that's something that I keep thinking about and in admiration of him. So he got into the fray of using the machine learning techniques to do the same thing that he loved, fracture and enhancing MD simulations to bring in that quantum information. These are two examples of more recent work. This is a piece of silica, a much more complex system than anything that we did earlier. And they were able to study silica fracture on the bottom right. Again, more recent work on developing machine learn models for nickel clusters. We gave up on clusters ourselves. They were too hard. Sandro assembled a crack team of postdocs and students and showed that these clusters are also accessible. Before I hand over to Arash, I would like to show you the last, the last movie that he showed me. It's not actually, well, it is physics, but it is, he spent ages looking at it. See if that works. So this is, and three hours looking at this, and the last time we met, he insisted that I spend 15 minutes looking at it. And the smile on his face of the beauty of the world that you can do things like that is what remains with me. Can everyone hear me? Yeah. Sandro was one of the three founding directors of the Thomas Young Center, the London Center for Theory and Simulation of Materials, or the TYC for short, and he served continuously in that role since the foundation in autumn 2006. During that 12 year period, TYC flourished as an umbrella for research and education in theory and simulation of materials in London, at the four London universities of Kings, Imperial UCL, and Queen Mary's. Today, the TYC represents over 100 research groups, over 500 researchers from the departments of physics, chemistry, materials, earth sciences, mathematics, engineering, at these four universities. Now, successful cross-departmental networks and centers are rare in themselves, but successful cross-institutional and cross-departmental networks are even rarer and very, very precious. And the success of the TYC was due in no small measure to Sandro's unique personality. People have already talked about his warmth, his humanity, his wisdom, his generosity of spirits, and the esteem in which he was held by his colleagues. His breadth of scientific knowledge and interest was one of the things that really helped bring together this very diverse community in London and to make lasting relationships between the individuals in that community. Together with the other two founding directors, Mike Finnis, who's the chair of this workshop, and Mike Gillan, Sandro really created an environment in London where collaboration trumped competition, where researchers felt connected with one another, and where education of the next generation was really at the forefront of the mission for the center. And I think very importantly, and most importantly, this was all done with a great sense of fun. Sandro always loved to have fun. The word fun would always appear in any conversation that you had with Sandro. Joie de Viva was infectious, as was his mischievous sense of humor, and the almost childlike enthusiasm and wonder with which he devoured knowledge and new experience. Unlike most children, certainly unlike my child, he had a very keen awareness of the preciousness of the present, and he'd always have a camera close to hand to record snapshots of the moments that he was experiencing. Most recently with a Fujifilm X100S, of which he was very proud and about, which he could tell you all the technical details for hours, it seemed. In fact, I've never met anyone with Sandro's capacity for conversation and appetite for conversation. What should have been a five-minute chat would somehow turn into several hours of talking, after which he'd probably persuade you to go for a drink and then dinner, and then he'd crack out a couple of cigars, and this was just the gravitational pull of his personality. When you were talking to him, he was always present, always in the moment. You never felt he had somewhere else to go, a message to check on his phone, someone else to attend to, and the conversation could really go anywhere. He was equally happy talking about science, art, music, poetry, philosophy, for the latest technological gadgets that had come out. He was always an early adopter of gadgetry. I first met Sandro in 2000 in Cambridge, where he was a frequent visitor, and to me, this very enigmatic figure was definitely seemed cut from a different cloth to the usual theoretical physicist that I'd met, and he made a very immediate and memorable impression on me with a story about how Neapolitan's, like their espresso-served piping hot, the Neapolitan slang phrase that he told me begins with three C's, but it's too rude to repeat here. I'll let you look that up yourself. Some of the Italians in the audience might even know what it is. A few years later, Sandro had a pretty direct influence on my life. It was September 2006. Nicole already showed some photos from this birthday symposium for Alfonso Baldoreschi, where I bumped into him, and at that time I was a postdoc, and Sandro was very enthusiastically telling me about this new thing in London called TYC, which was founded sort of that very month, and that the London universities were about to sort of expand activity and theory and simulation of materials by making lots of faculty appointments over the next few years, and that I should really have a look at this. So he persuaded me into looking into it, into applying, and that chance encounter with Sandro in 2006, and his thoughtfulness in sort of telling me about this is what set in motion my move to London the following year, and my deep and continued connection with both him and with the TYC. If you think about it, one of Sandro's lasting legacies in London is his role in the expansion of theory and simulation activity. So for example, at King's College London, in 2006, there were three theory and simulation materials faculty members in the Department of Physics, and that's gone from three to over 10 now, including people like Tony Paxton, Mark Van Schilfgaard, Francesca Balletto, Nicola Bonini, Cedric Weber, who's here and gave a talk yesterday, and George Booth. And in fact, Sandro really understood the importance of connections and connecting people. He always seemed to know everyone, he seemed to have worked with everyone, and you look at his publication list, and actually you realize why he had over 200 co-authors on his publication. So if we would think about a Sandro index instead of an Erdosha index, I think there wouldn't be anyone in this room who has a Sandro index more than three. He was an avid supporter of CCAM and Psy-K, and of the TYC's role in strengthening those networks and centers. He was the driving force behind the establishment in 2012 of the UK's second node of CCAM, the JC Maxwell node that involves the TYC universities, Oxford and Cambridge. He was one of the founders of the UK's Materials and Molecular Modelling Hub, which is a new UK network for materials modeling and high performance computing associated with materials modeling. And he was also an enthusiastic supporter, an encourager of TYC initiatives that provided opportunities for young researchers in particular, including a mobility program for junior researchers in London, and strong support for ACESMA, which I think we'll hear about a bit later, the African School of Electronic Structure Methods and Applications. Heracles of Athens said, what you leave behind is not what is engraved in stone monuments, but what is woven into the lives of others. Sandro wove so much richness into the fabric of the lives of so many. Despite his tragic passing, I strongly believe he will live on in our hearts, thoughts and actions. Rest in peace, my friend. There will be a memorial event, a memorial symposium for Sandro, 30th and 31st of May, 2019. So this is just to save the date announcement. There'll be more details available soon. Be advertised on the PSI-K and SCAM mailing list, so you should all hear about it in due course. So just wanted to put that out now so everyone's aware.


Without further ado, let's commence our pack openings today With an 82 plus pack. All right, we'll start with the team of the year or a team of the season. Please a sports Right, dude. Thanks a hundred bits man. My guy. Appreciate it That is a blue. All right, we're starting off good. Let's go big boy German goalkeeper Leno, I was kind of hoping for Ter Stegen to be honest, but we move with a two-plus pack grind continues That is right. All right boys Here we go. Are these supposed to be any good? Let's find out man first 90 plus player pick for the TFA All right. Well, I got a 94 Yon summer Bada, but not terrible not terrible. What do we have here? These EA rats is the account name and icon moments pack. Let's go Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Let's go.   Can we got to get better than 94? So we're getting duplicates But at least we're getting higher ratings, bro. We're getting really high rated cards All right, we need that bang pack look right here 82 plus 5 rare players pack. Here we go again Come on. Oh Shape shifter of a birthday Left a wing so Merton's 90 rated I'll take it bro the craft resumes The craft resumes baby All right, here we go another 82 plus Somebody resubbed and said it's gonna be a tots Victor was that said person? It was correct. It is a blue Hello. Oh my gosh, man. I guess I was I guess VVD would have been a team of the year 95 to free we move Still a W but the bait the bait was real The bait was real bro This is for DJ smoothie and 82 plus 5 rare players pack And 390 plus picks. Let's go come on. Oh I think we'll take a quadrata from that one Come on EA sports, let's go All right. Well, that's high rated. I Don't know if he wants wamba soccer for his team or not Do you want a mobile for rating or wamba soccer for your squad because wamba soccer is actually usable So I think I would take a mobile here, but that's just for the for the rating He says a mobile a boom Potter season. Yes, sir. All right last one Fakir oh Marco Royce Get in All right. That's the best 90 plus player pick we've had today Fakir and Royce both very usable cards. We move Are they worth the grind logic, I think we go 82 plus grind bro. I Think 82 plus is the grind Let's go. Let's go. Let's go another team of the season. This is why the grant. Wait, wait left-wing. Oh Lucas Lava All right. Well, it's at least 88 rated at least Yeah, today's the last day for the icon as we see as well.  Come on city If you know what that means rinse and repeat baby rinse and repeat Alright, three icon moments. Let's go Davies is Canadian though to be fair true, but he was in the MLS Yeah, but that's what I thought I'll meet everyone from the MLS that primarily yeah, yeah, that's a solid jump French Striker, please be terry on re we're talking MLS beyond re bang, let's go Little 95 terry on reaction baby get in Get in boom Big W. Can we get two big W's back-to-back? Please EA sports. I beg Let's go Argentina Center attacking mid. I died back. I beg I beg. Oh My Bruh Imagine getting on re and then Maradona Dang that sucks, bro. I want to see Maradona so bad, but instead I'm looking at this guy Oh, wait. Oh We're starting with a 90 plus player pick man It was hiding in the unassigned Hey, up Makano's not bad. I think it's unless he's a Portuguese guy I mean, I'll check to sure to check to make sure but I'm assuming we went up Makano. Yeah Yikes. All right now for a double 92 Double 92 EA sports here we go Vamos wait team of the year team of the year Center back. Oh the young let's go dude two days in a row packing the young sir Let's go That feels good. Let's go We'd love to see it Two days 3D youngs technically. Yeah, wait. Don't tell me it's a dupe. I mean what? Doop I make a million of its savages and terrible This is a dupe though How many games you have with this one, bro? Oh, it's tradable. This one's tradable, bro. Let's go Let's go. That's huge. Oh 90 plus player pick is opening nabbery Not bad Not terrible.  Give me a w ea sports. That's a W Sergio Ramos get in Let's go dude.  I was like, oh Sheet let's go man. Let's go That's massive for the club He's sending aliba in and Ramos is going in. Let's go Let's go Another 90 plus boys. These have been these have been pretty solid so far. Oh So that's high rated fodder I think we take Alice in here probably Team of the year from an 80 90 plus. All right, here we go 90 plus player pick pack here.  Oh Those are all off leagues, but pretty good super subs What are we saying here? What are we saying? David for fodder plus whaler for the super sub. He wants David. All right, David. It is man 90 plus 90 plus player picks in Spanish. I think this is oh That's a W. I Imagine you want to go maras here Elejido por el jugador player pick number two a chairbie. I'm guessing for the fara Last one. We got a 95 93 Terstegen yo Let's go man 95 terstegen get in here's another 82 five Another 82 five Let's go.   I'm getting trolled in September. I Have not all right another 82 from logic. Let's run it Hasco That's a blue Come on. Be somebody big Talion left wing Insignee, okay, let's go Not too shabby That's a good card in game bro kind of rat type card, you know It's a moments pack, okay, let's do it boys moments pack. Here we go Headset no cap. I feel like if I'm doing that headset, it's got to be cap, but maybe We'll see Brazil Center attacking mid be Dino. I beg be Ronaldinho kaka Not bad not bad at all. I think that's a W. He says let's go Yes Play your pick is ready. Sounds good. Send it back another 90 plus That's a W. Yo Nice Delict let's go Let's go my man. I X legend. That's right, bro. You have I X in your name.  Let's go 90 plus player pick from star. Let's run it star. Here we go Please be big boy illicich. Oh, I rated I Rated fada. Let's go man 90 plus player pick here. We go rip it. Oh, baby Holy cow, that's a dog. Let's go Nice dude. Gee geez What a pull Bro, just pick him before it goes away 98 Neymar in December Let's go Let's go, bro.  Let's go All right, let's go. We just got Neymar in one of these. Let's get another one sacho dude. It lead brought the Dortmund luck boom That's huge. What a pull Let's go I'm assuming you want sacho. I bring you sacho. Yes, sir We have not one but two 90 pluses. Let's go Come on Carbo Teemo Bang, let's go man. Let's go. Oh, yes, sir Teemo burner the burner The Chelsea lad That's a huge pull Let's go And 96 Vella as well brah 97 and 96 rated cards one good for fodder, maybe a super sub if you want and Werner Yeah, Teemo is unreal in game. You've a what an ending bro. Let's freaking go


U.S. Army soldiers, NATO partners begin testing for E-3B badges. Vilsek, Germany, the second cavalry regiment is hosting a first-of-its-kind exercise called E-3B for the expert soldier, expert infantry and expert field medical badges November 6-10, 2023. After completing two weeks of training, more than 1,700 candidates from various U.S. Army units and NATO partners undergo rigorous testing during Evaluation Week to obtain these prestigious badges. This is a great exercise for soldiers to test their skill levels in accordance with the skill level-I tasks and also earn their E-3B badge," said 1st Sergeant Pyam Norbach of the Second Cavalry Regiment. Evaluation Week kicked off with an expert physical fitness assessment beginning and ending with a one-mile plate carrier run, between which the candidates completed several tasks designed to push them physically. These tasks included 30 hand-release push-ups, a 50-meter water jug carry, tossing 15 sandbags, a 50-meter low crawl and 3-to-5-second rushes. After completing the fitness test, there are three main lanes the candidates must undergo to complete required tasks. There is the patrol lane, the weapons lane and the medical lane. Each lane has 10 tasks associated with it, said 1st Sergeant Casey McDaniel of the Second Cavalry Regiment. Soldiers going through this gain the knowledge to be an expert in their field and must complete a multitude of tasks going along with that. Soldiers must complete all 30 critical tasks and may only receive a maximum of two no-goes throughout the entire week. The patrol lane encompasses tactical movements and reacting to enemy contact. These tasks include operating a tactical handheld radio to send reports. Using camouflage and responding to enemy chemical, biological, radioactive and nuclear attacks. The weapons lane requires candidates to perform operation and function checks on many different weapon systems. Soldiers must also construct individual fighting positions and react to enemy-improvised explosive devices. The medical lane tests knowledge and practical application of treating different types of wounds such as head and chest injuries, burns, excessive bleeding and more. Requesting a medical evacuation is also a major learning point of this evaluation lane. It helps improve mission readiness because in combat you never know what weapon you may have to fall in on, and we all should know how to treat a casualty, said McDaniel. In addition to these three lanes, soldiers must also navigate points during a land navigation evaluation and finish the entire week with a 12-mile foot march. The event concludes with a closing ceremony on Friday, November 10, in which the remaining candidates are presented with their respective badges. The very part about this week is just going through and seeing all my soldiers and all my lieutenants working hard to get this badge, not just them but everyone around here that wants to get after it. I see their faces all the time and I recognize everyone that's putting in the work and that really wants to be here showing it and doing everything they can to study to make sure that they set the conditions for success. First and foremost, this badge isn't for me, this is just to make me a better leader. At the end of the day, we're getting a whole bunch of training that we can bring back to our troops and increasingly value across the Italian. It's really a great opportunity to be working with the 2CR Regiment because French and Americans have history together so it's good to continue to train together to spend more time working together. Just the memorizing, being able to do 30 different tasks all in sequence, for me it's a big deal, you know, being able to show that I can be an expert at my job.


Right, in today's video I'm going to answer one simple question and that is have I found the best value golf ball on Amazon? I was going to say for winter golf but potentially for all year round play. This thing is a potential bargain. So in today's video I'm going to be testing out a golf ball that is made by TaylorMade. I found it on Amazon for £16 a dozen. Yes, a dozen. It's the TaylorMade distance. I've got dry ball data with wedge with six iron with driver and now I'm going to test it out on the golf course and trust me you don't want to go anywhere. Now first of all this ball is yellow but it is also available in white. That was a four iron and trust me the data that I'm going to show you right now because we're not going to go any further before we get stuck into that is super, super impressive. Let's go straight into that pitch and wedge and see a ball that is spinning on average around nine and a half thousand revs if my memory is right. I don't have that data in front of me. Then go back down the other end and let's have a look at driver. A ball spinning around two two and a half thousand revs. Again super impressive what it did in terms of that data with driver and then like I said I tested six iron. Everyone knows I don't create a great deal of spin and all of a sudden I've got a yellow TaylorMade ball retail at 16 pounds a dozen that is performing in terms of spin even with a six ironing hand. Today's video is brought to you in partnership with hot golf the online golf mega store bringing you the hottest deals in golf and of course the clubs featured in today's video. Find the link to the hot golf website in the description below and check out some incredible giveaways and offers. Now I have never been one that is sort of golf ball obsessive in terms of the type of ball I play. I've always questioned just how good you need to be to start seeing the benefits of the performance of a golf ball but even I was doubting the credibility of this data in terms of questioning Trackman's numbers because them spin numbers in particular were really really impressive so low spinning with driver high spinning with wedge spin off a mid-iron unreal. What is going on here with a 16 pound ball how can this be performing so well and then I brought it out on the golf course. So that was a 50 60 degree wedge which seems to have literally popped and stopped but don't forget we're playing on winter greens so there's a bit of moisture in there they are softer than what we'd expect to see in this summer but even so it's still doing everything the same as what I've seen any premium ball do out here on the golf course. So a lot of the short game that you're going to see me play right now is I've got I'm obviously conscious of the fact of the conditions but even so the ball is performing really well. We then switch up to driver and it numerous drives on the course which again performed exactly the way I would expect them to do and then that short game what it produced well was a real good sound and feel that quite honestly was the last thing I was expecting from a ball that cost 16 pound a dozen. Now one other point to mention is the sound and feel off a putter face because that's key for me feel whether it be the golf club or the ball I like it to be sort of a more softer feel if you like and this can really change my decision and whether or not I think this is a good ball or not and I'll be honest with you this is the first put that I have tried on the course today. How does it feel will it go in that'd be a bonus well it races by just on that right hand side it felt really good and felt just as impressive as it has done with every other shot. The other point to mention is a real strong alignment aid on this ball as well which is also really nice and easy in terms again putter and ball in line so so far I've got zero criticism that's me done there's no more I can do in terms of persuading you whether this is good bad or indifferent the main thing now is whether or not you're prepared to give these things a try. I've got to admit I've seen these in white and I prefer the white finish in terms of the yellow it's got a kind of odd gloss finish to the yellow which for whatever reason I'm not overly keen on and I'm not really a golfer who plays yellow golf balls having said that it's been really good in terms of being able to spot it out here on the golf course today and it's a little bit better on shot tracer for my videos as well but I like I said I'm a difficult one to review golf balls because of where I sit in the fact that I'm not overly keen on paying for top premium golf balls and I'm not overly keen on paying for sort of this low end either but a ball that sits somewhere in the middle is often adequate for someone of my ability and I've never really seen great sort of improvements in my scoring by paying for a premium ball over one of those middle of the road range balls does that make sense not a range ball by the way but in terms of these things 16 quid the real question that I had was are they any good for winter golf well the answer that is 100% yes there are no brain in that sense and I'm not going to give you my sort of conclusions that are they any good if this course was burnt up in the summer with rock hard greens what are they going to do in terms of performance then because I would like to try them in those conditions before I passed an opinion on them but what I've seen in terms of dry ball data is suggest that they shouldn't be a problem then either all around for me people complain rightly so about how expensive golf is and in many cases it is and we've reviewed premium balls on this channel and this is far from premium it to the other end of the spectrum and that makes golf very much affordable I've done drivers in exactly the same way we review all the top-end stuff and we always try and review options that make this game more accessible to the masses this ball sort of in my opinion I've maybe mentioned it once already is an absolute no-brainer but give them a try yourself I'm gonna finish by saying this I couldn't care less what golf ball a golf club anybody plays I sometimes think as though we're promoting these things that's certainly not the case like I said this is an independent review if you want to have a go of it then please do and let me know what your thoughts are in that comment section below chances are a lot of you have tried this ball already so let me know what you think and I'll see you tomorrow night


Another important concept is the idea of an inverse function. So remember that a function has a unique output for any given input. Now, we can go further and say that a function is 1 to 1 if it has a unique input for any given output. For example, let's determine if f of x equals 3x plus 7 is a 1 to 1 function. Now, because we're going to be playing around with function values, it'll be convenient if we designate the function with a variable. So let's suppose y equals f of x. So the function will be 1 to 1 if any given output y comes from a unique input x. So let's try to find the input x that gives us an output y. Equals means replaceable. So if y equals f of x and f of x is 3x plus 7, then we can write down the equation. Since we want to find the input x, let's solve this equation for x. Then any given output y can be produced by the input x equal to y minus 7 over 3. So again, the question is whether or not any given output y comes from a unique value of x. Well, if I have a specific value of y, there's only one possible value for this expression, y minus 7 over 3. So this function is 1 to 1. How about this function? Again, suppose we let y equals f of x. The function will be 1 to 1 if any given output y comes from a unique value of x. So let's try to find the input x that gives us an output y. Equals means replaceable. So I'll write down the equation. Now, if y is a specific number, this is a quadratic equation which will in general have two solutions. And that means that most output values y will be produced by two input values x, and so this function is not 1 to 1. This leads to the idea of inverse function. If a function is 1 to 1, then, because it's a function, every input has a unique output, and because it's 1 to 1, every output comes from a unique input. And so if you know the output, you can find the input. And so we'll define the following. Let f be a function. The inverse function, written this way, is a function where f inverse of b is equal to a, if and only if f of a is equal to b. So there's a limited number of symbols available to us, so we have to reduce, reuse, recycle. And this notation for inverse function looks an awful lot like our notation for exponentials. It's important to recognize that this is not an exponent. Remember how you speak influences how you think, and so when you see this notation, you want to read this as f inverse of b. And so that leads to the following. There are three important things you want to remember about inverse function notation. First, f inverse does not mean 1 over f. The minus 1 indicates that it's an inverse and does not represent an exponent. Second, f inverse does not mean 1 over f. This minus 1 isn't an exponent. And most importantly, f inverse does not mean 1 over f. So let's find an inverse function. So definitions are the whole of mathematics, all else is commentary. If I want to find an inverse function, I can start out this way. Suppose f of a equals b, then f inverse of b should give you a. And that's straight out of the definition of what an inverse function is. Well, equals means replaceable. So if I know f of a is equal to b, I can replace f of a with equals means replaceable. Since I want to find f inverse of b, I really want to find a. So let's solve this equation for a. Equals means replaceable. So I have a, a is the same as f inverse of b, so I'll replace. And so now I have f inverse of b. Oh, wait a minute. We didn't want to find f inverse of b. We wanted to find f inverse of x. Well, that was a huge waste of effort. Or was it? If I want to find f inverse of x, why don't I replace b with x? And that gives us our inverse function, f inverse of x. How about a different function? Since this is a different function, we must do something completely different in order to find the inverse. Or not. We don't have to. We can rely on our definition of inverse function once again. Suppose f of a is equal to b, then f inverse of b is equal to a. This suggests I want to find f inverse, so I want to find a. So we'll solve this equation for a. Equals means replaceable. I have a, a is f inverse of b, so I'll replace. Now I actually want f inverse of x, so I'll replace. And there's my inverse function.