Think Tech Hawaii, civil engagement lives here. Welcome back to the Cyber Underground, I'm your host, Dave the Cyber Guy, I'm Dave Stevens, I teach at the University of Hawaii Capulani Community College out here just about nine tenths of a mile away from the beautiful sands of Waikiki Beach, and today I have my compatriot from Capulani Community College, Hal the networking guy, Hal, welcome, thanks for being on the show. Glad to be here. I'm also an assistant professor of IT out at Capulani Community College, and you helped me teach the cybersecurity crowd. We do the cybersecurity courses, and we got a new semester coming up, I'll cyber all the time, and we're having a great time, and class is going to start rolling in August, so if you're out there sign up and come see us, and we'll teach you all the way through the first two years of your cyber operations program, and get you into the cyber industry, which is a huge industry now, with zero percent unemployment. Yeah, amazing. A lot of people say it's negative, yeah, but I don't think they do that, it's just zero.  And out here it's rolling with the DOD and all the other agencies, the FBI and even companies, highly, highly crazy. We're having a fast growing area. And needed. For employment. It's a tremendous need right now, and we're going to talk about that. We're being attacked on all sides. Constantly. Russia has, you know, is notorious for attacking us. China laid low for a while, and now they just ramped right back up with their new attacks, and North Korea has been persisting, even though we had the summit, there's nothing about cyber in there. So they just kept right on rolling with their attacks, and most of the attacks are focused on small office, home office, or what we call SOHO equipment. And that's our home, our small office, medium sized businesses that just put in a router or Wi-Fi router, and they turn it on because they just have a need for a more efficient network. But they skip a few security steps, so that becomes a target. And that's what this new malware from these three different countries is targeting. And it's not just where we're attacked on all sides in the U.S., out here in Hawaii, it's pretty unique. We're in the middle of the Pacific, but we're on the Pacific Rim, the Rim of Fire, and all three of our enemies are just to the east of us. So Russia's got some territory on the Pacific, so does China, of course, and North Korea. And we're at the vanguard of the assault, if anything ever happens. It's a unique position out here in the Pacific. What do you think about that? Well, people probably wonder, why would North Korea or Russia or China want to hack my router? What are they going to get from me? But this gives them a launching point for other attacks, and if they can create botnets here within the U.S., then they can launch attacks essentially from inside the U.S., instead of having to launch them from their own country. Remote control networks that are hard to trace back to their source, and the malware can essentially sit on your device and have absolutely no effect adversely on your system.  You're not going to go hunting it down because there's not a problem, but when the time comes, you're going to be used for an attack of some kind, or at least what they call a proxy. A jumping point to another point to another point, and you have several proxies in a row so you can make a more effective attack and not be traced, so you're not leaving as much of a footprint in each place. It's hard to trace back. And the malware that we were talking about from last week actually has a self-destruct capability. So after they're done with the attack, they can basically erase that device so that there's no more trace of what they did.  I guess it failed, but it could have been, you know. And nuked by remote. Nuked by remote so that there's no trace of what was done. Smart stuff, and it just keeps getting more and more sophisticated. And I think, I don't think I've mentioned this before. I used to use Apple routers. They were my favorite, Neckring devices. Really solid, good Wi-Fi connectivity and good range and solid performance. Unfortunately, Apple couldn't keep up with the security requirements of the newer routers so they're discontinuing making networking equipment. Yeah. Yeah, they're backing away. They just don't want to keep up with the big players. We have D-Link, Belkin, Linksys, which is the Cisco consumer grade. We have Asus is on the market now. We just keep seeing more and more security features added to those components. Now, in the second half of the show, we're going to go over exactly how to configure some of the most basic features on your router to make you secure. Right now, we left off last week not telling everybody how to secure themselves. So we're going to pick up where we left off. Let's go through this one at a time and try to get through this list in the first half of the show.  It's not specific to the malware that we were talking about, but really, these type of measures will help you to resist any type of malware that's out there. It's just general good security posture to do these things. It's sanitation. It's hardening your system. That's right. Hardening your network.  It's not that you have to run faster than the bear chasing you. I just got to run faster than Hal. So if I got to stop at Lake Sase of my Nikes, that's all I have to do is beat Hal. That's the unfortunate part of the game.  They're going for the soft target. Yeah. And there's enough soft targets out there that they can find as many as they want. Plenty. In fact, you discovered one just recently. Did you not? After last week's show, a friend of mine asked me if I would come and look at her router to see if she might be susceptible to some of the malware that we were talking about. And she has the spectrum, which is the big ISP here in Hawaii. So the first thing I noticed was that there was a published vulnerability for that router and it required a firmware upgrade and that had not been applied. So first of all, she was vulnerable and she needed to update. And the second thing I noticed was it had been set up with the default administrator username and password, which is just terrible. So for every manufacturer, those are published. You can look those up on the web. I have links to this router. It's this model I go and to the links to site and the default username and password is listed there.  Not the guys do that. It was in the user manual, like on the first page, it said log in with these credentials and then change it immediately. Well, no one had ever changed it, so it was still the default. Like admin password. It was exactly admin. So it was the first thing I did with it. So we should let everyone know that if anyone has your Wi-Fi username and password, usually those things, and we'll see the second I have to show, those routers are turned on, you can remotely manage them. So you can log in through the internet, default username and password, and take over that network. And so that's a bad thing. And once you're inside the network, you can scan it, you can compromise other machines and we can go into that. We can do a bunch of other attacks, all kinds of things. Let's go into the best practices. From this point on, let's get through how to protect yourself from, like you said, the general malware attacks coming up, maintaining up to date antivirus signatures and using good antivirus engines. Now, Microsoft's got some good stuff built in. I've always liked Windows Defender. It's good anti-malware, it's good antivirus, and they update it frequently. And Microsoft Windows comes out with the, what's that, the patch Tuesdays, you get all the updates. All the security updates roll faster than that. So if you have automatic updates on, Windows is a fairly secure system right out of the box. Use Windows, but you also use Mac. Yeah, and I also use Linux to an extent, too. There are some good free antivirus software out there as well. I like Iobit myself. Iobit. There's some other ones out there as well. But yeah, there's antivirus out there now for every platform. But it's not just Windows anymore. And no matter what platform you're on, you really should have some type of antivirus. That's the basic thing, right? And not just scanning your system, but there's real-time file protection where if you do click on that attachment and it's a known attack, it's happened before, it's been listed and the antivirus, you've updated your antivirus, so it knows about this attack. You double-click on that file and it says, whoa, hey, slugger, throttle back. That's a known virus. We're going to quarantine that and you can look this up later, but they won't execute it.  Those are known viruses. Flash gets attacked all the time, right? The Flash player, we have to update that constantly. Acrobat. Acrobat. Anything Adobe. It has a lot of... Yeah. And for a long time, Mac users would say, well, we don't have to worry about viruses. There's no Mac. Oh, not so much anymore. That is not true anymore at all. Yeah. Well, the user base went up, right? There's more users, so of course, and more hard targets in the Mac universe, you know, a lot of universities use Macintosh, so there's a lot of information you can steal from researchers who use Mac. So if you're out there researching, you should use that. And we should probably just explain why it's so important to update the antivirus signatures. The reason why the antivirus works is that it has a database of signatures for all of the known viruses, and that if you don't update that, then new viruses are coming out, and you don't have the signature, therefore, you can't detect them and you're still vulnerable to them. So that's why it's important to continually update that. It's like wearing a pseudo-armor that's slowly rusting, and eventually it's just going to crack right off and someone will get through. So polish that armor, keep downloading the new stuff. For file and printer sharing, this is a tough one. I mean, you set up a file printer in your, you know, a file server or a printer in your office and you do want to share it. So let's go over some of the things we can do to make sure you don't get taken advantage of. I know my HP printer comes with, I scanned it, it's an open port, 443, 80, 8080, and a couple other ones, and I only need the printer ports, it's like 651 or something like that. I don't need port 80s internet access, 443 is the HTTPS, right? And I think there was a VPN port. If you don't need it, turn it off, right? What else can you do from a file server? You're setting up a server for everyone access. So if there are print services, file services, or some other type of service that you only want to be accessible from the internal network, there is kind of a networking trick you can do. If you don't give that device a valid default gateway, so when you set this, we can't get to the internet. Then it can't get to the, it's still good on the local network, but it doesn't know how to get to the internet. So usually there are three things you have to set up for, you know, when you put something on your network, it needs an IP address, it needs a subnet mask, and it needs a default gateway. For services that are just local, you can leave out the default gateway or just put it in a bogus one, and it will be able to find, you'll be able to find it on the local network, but there's no way that anyone could connect to it from the internet. So the default gateway is usually your router at home. That's your router IP address, usually something at <IP_ADDRESS>, usually it's the bottom of the range, right? And if you don't give the default gateway, that device can't get to the internet, but it still has an IP address on your network, which will make it into the tables, the IP tables. So a device is asking where is this device, can find it by address and ship information over there. As long as they're on the local network, anything from off your local network will not be able to find that. That's a cool trick. All right, good job. So we don't want to add users to the administrative group unless it's absolutely necessary. And this kid, this angers some people, right? They want to be able to install stuff, right? But some people you can give them other than administrator access, right? You want to limit them a little bit. It might be a little bit of an inconvenience, but generally if you need to do something as administrator, you'll get a pop-up that you can log in with an administrative password just to run that one command, to do that one install. It's not that much of an inconvenience, you know? Because if you're logged in as administrator and you interact with some malware, you accidentally go to a website or you open an email that has some malware, that malware installs as administrator. It can take over your entire system. God writes. Yeah. If you're not the administrator, if you're just a regular standard user, it can really only affect that one account, so it can't take over the whole system, it can only take over that one. And it's harder to pivot to the next system, which is an attacker's choice. Escalate privileges, go to the next system, see what you can get. Before the break, let's discuss passwords. Yeah. It's no longer passwords. We're asking for past phrases because, you know... Longer and longer. The longer it is, the harder it is to crack. And it's just a mathematical problem now. And you could put phrases in there, blank space is okay. You want to type in, Mary had a little lamb, that's fine. I would swap in some weirdness in there and change out some of the words to other languages maybe. Think of a phrase that you can remember and it can be hard. As much complexity as you can. So that means different types of characters, special characters if you can, uppercase, slowcase numbers, pound signs, periods, whatever type of, as many different types of characters as you can. And still keep it something that you can remember, you're not going to have to put on a post-it note. Oh, that's the worst. And that usually comes about because we say we're going to change passwords like every 90 days.  I look under the keyboard. There's a post-it note with a password. The one item of my favorite, you look up and there's a post-it note on the ceiling with the password on it, you know, but of course the worst is like you said, a post-it note on the bottom of the monitor with the password on there. Like we saw when we were looking at the National Center after the alert for the missile alert we saw the interview. I think I had his admin passwords right there. Oh, that's not good. Okay, we're going to take a little break, pay some bills, come right back. Until then, stay safe. Aloha and Richard Concepcion, the host of Hispanic Hawaii. You can watch my show every other Tuesday at 2 p.m. We will bring you entertainment, educational, and also we tell you what is happening right here within our community. Think Tech Hawaii, Aloha. Hi, I'm Ethan Allen, host on Think Tech Hawaii of Pacific Partnerships in Education. Every other Tuesday afternoon at 3 p.m., I hope you'll join us as we explore the value, the accomplishments, and the challenges of education here in the Pacific Islands. That's you. I want to know, will you watch my show? I hope you do. It's on Tuesdays at 1 o'clock and it's out of the comfort zone and I'll be your host, RB Kelly. See you there. Welcome back to the Cyber Underground. I'm Dave the Cyber Guy. I'm here with Hal the Networking Guy and now we're going to go through some basic stuff that you should do to your home router to configure it, to harden your network so you're not going to be a victim and you're just tougher than the next guy. Again, let's go through the analogy. You don't have to be faster than the bear. You just have to run faster than the guy next to you. The slowest guy. The slowest guy, right? So lace up your Nikes and you've got to do this stuff to your network to be harder to get into than the next guy. It's usually that they're scanning several Wi-Fi networks in the same area. I know I've got 27 of them in my condo complex. I mean, just everyone's got Wi-Fi and nobody throttles it back. They just go for broke and you get bleeped through all the walls. So yeah, I get like the full five bars on six or seven different networks. So I know who's around me, right? But thankfully I've informed my neighbors, hey, you got to do these things. So let's go through some stuff. First of all, when you have a router, how do you usually access your router configurations? Well, I think the best practice is to hardwire to the router. Oh, when you're first setting it up? With a laptop. When it comes out of the box? Yeah? Anytime. Well, normally you would connect to the admin interface from the internal network. But I like to take it either one step further. And I would even disable that so that I had to connect hardwire to it, so that even if someone managed to connect to my internal network via Wi-Fi, they still couldn't get to my administrative interface. But it's always a browser. It's always a browser, yeah. And most of the interfaces are fairly similar now. Some have more features than others, but all of them are going to have a certain set of basic features. Almost all of them have some type of firewalling capability. Most of them will have some type of MAC address filtering. And they'll have similar types of encryption available. So usually you want to make sure that you're using the strongest encryption that your device is going to support. So usually that's WPA and AES for the encryption method. And we have a screenshot of that. So let's go through this. We have the images in order. The first thing you'd want to do if you're hardjacked in or you're on the Wi-Fi network, you'd want to go into your browser and in the URL, in the address bar, type in <IP_ADDRESS>. That's usually the gateway address for most commercial routers today. And hit enter and you'll get to the admin page. You log in with your default credentials, like admin, password, whatever. Then the first thing you want to do is change your default username and admin. But let's look at some of these other features. We'll get to that first. But when you get in, you can do things like this. What you're looking at right here is a list of all the devices connected to the network. This is actually on a light day. I've had 20 or more devices. That's a lot of devices. Yeah. And I blanked most of them out. But you can see there at the bottom, there's an iPhone on the network. And the other have specific names. So I didn't, I read those out. But you can see your IP address. This is IPv4, by the way. And we'll talk about that in a minute, too. Then you have a MAC address. Now the MAC address is Media Access Control Address. These are specific hardware, firmware, actually, addresses. They're embedded in the firmware of each electronic device that can get onto a network. So these are in the network cards. And these are hexadecimal addresses. They're two characters separated by a colon, and there's six different units of it. And that's what they look like. Those are MAC addresses. If you want to, later on, we're going to discuss MAC address whitelisting. And we'll show you how to use those MAC addresses. But that's what you're looking for when you talk about a MAC address. The other numbers in <IP_ADDRESS>, those are IPv4, version 4 addresses. Those are the usual types of addresses you're going to see.  Because if you hook that up to your cable modem provider and it auto-configures to the internet, while you're going through this stuff, you're vulnerable, right? So let's go through some of this stuff. You want to set up a guest network. So most routers now come with a guest network, and you always have the anterior uncle coming over and they want to use your wi-fi. And you don't want to give them the keys to the kingdom for your wi-fi network. So set up this guest network for people coming over. They can use your wi-fi.  They could have malware on their laptop and they're going to join your network. Guess what? That's going to try to spread to every other device on it. So if you can keep them on a separate network, guest network separate from your main network, then you should be insulated from whatever malware or whatever bad stuff might be on their device. Right. And usually they write down the password. So it's okay. With a guest network, it's logically separated from your other devices. So even if someone was on the guest network and broke in nefariously, it's almost impossible to jump networks. It's called a VLAN, a virtual local area network. Then we want to look at MAC whitelisting. We just talked about that. When you put MAC addresses into your router to say only let these devices in. And we see here, this is from a tri-bound router, a tri-band router. Sorry. We have the band. I picked the 5 gigahertz band. I enabled the MAC filter. And for every MAC address I add in here, that's going to be allowed on my network. If a device tries to connect to my network and does not have a listed MAC address, it will be refused connection. Now just so you know, hackers can spoof a MAC address. It is possible. However, it's difficult. I mean, you got to know what you're doing. And you got to scan the network and see what their valid MAC addresses are flying back and forth. And if there's encryption enabled, sometimes you don't get that in a packet. Right. Let's look at encryption. You were talking about encryption. Encryption, yes. So you want to use WPA2 if it's supported, hopefully it is. Unless you buy an old router, it should be supported. And there's the AAS that you told us. AAS is kind of the gold standard right now for encryption. That's the advanced encryption standard. And you'll see other options like DES or triple DES or 3DES. And those are older encryption standards. Sometimes you do have to throttle back a little bit because some of your other devices might not be able to support the latest. But if you're using a device that was made, I think, anywhere after 2005, you're going to get WPA2 personal and AAS. AAS has been around a long time. You want to put a key in there that's pretty long too, yeah? Yes. Yeah. Oh, by the way, there's going to be WPA2 enterprise. That's not one that you can select without having an enterprise support system in place. That's for any more bigger size companies. A centralized authentication server for that, which almost no one has in their house. So that's kind of for larger installations where they have their own authentication servers. But for home use, it's going to be the personal. Just the personal. WPA2 personal. Let's look at port forwarding. So this is for you gamers out there. If you had an Xbox, what you're going to see in here is you're going to have whatever the game is or your Xbox in there, your source target, your port range. Your documentation from your Xbox or your PlayStation is going to give you open ports for online gaming. And you've got to put the port range in there from a certain port to a certain point and put the local IP address in there and the protocol you'll be using. Usually you want to enable one for TCP and then same port for UDP. One is connection less. That's UDP. Doesn't wait for a response. And TCP actually do the full connect. So both of those protocols will be used in your gaming and you want to enable these ports.  Also, if you're a developer, if you're doing remote management of a SQL database or things like that, you have to open up that kind of port. Unfortunately, well, I would advise you use a different port. Don't take the default port. Change your port number. And try to minimize how many ports you open. Don't open ports that you don't need to. Wow, we have one minute left. Okay, let's do SSID broadcast is really important. SSID is the name you're going to see on your device when you go to hook up to the network to tell you which network you're hooking up to. What you should do is make that SSID name, hook up all your devices, and then like we're showing here, hide it. Turn off the SSID broadcast. So people can't, what's war walking or war driving when they're going around looking for the SSID. One more. I think we have time for one or two more. Let's do default user and admin. We want to change this right away. This is going to say admin or whatever the default name is, and it'll have this default password of like password. Or the worst, the old links, this was admin and nothing. You can get in and do whatever you want. We can also, we have to disable the WLAN management. So the remote WAN management. So most of these devices will allow you to log in externally from the internet, access an IP address publicly, and remotely manage your network. Always turn this off, like Hal was saying. It's better if you cable into your modem and you don't want to do that. We're probably going to get network access address translations netting by default. That's a good thing. We don't have time to explain that. But turn off unnecessary services. A lot of the routers nowadays come with IPv6. Hal, tell us about IPv6 really quick. Yeah, so IPv6 is the newer IP protocol that we're slowly moving to that's replacing IPv4, because IPv4 is running out of addresses. But if you're not using it, why have it enabled?  Any services that you don't use? Every service is a possible vector of attack. Of attack. So don't enable services unless you need them. Well, we got to come back and finish this list again next week. I like this. This gives us a theme for every show. Thanks for joining us. Harden your network. Go do it right now. The latest information from the FBI is telling us that you should reset your router to the default settings, the factory settings. So go reset that thing according to your instructions. And set it up as we just informed you how to do. And stay safe. Till next week.


Okay, we come to the very last chapter of our course that is chapter 19, okay, that is enjoying the rest of the journey. What is that journey? What is the rest of the journey? Journey of life. Yeah, sorry?  But before that, there is a point of time that maybe as the original couple that we're following, only the couple is there, right? There is no one else in the home except the couple and it's again back to starting where it's just the husband and the wife. The only thing is you're no more parenting, you're actually rediscovering each other and learning to love and be patient and enjoy each other's company. So, what happened Francis? No more responsibilities to relax.  And then you start to, you know, again, once again, live life alone together. So, there's no parenting, there's no working, no income. There are so many other challenges that come in that stage of life. Okay, so it's good, it's time to enjoy that, okay. But when we look through back, there could have been many challenges that would have happened, right? Challenges of health, challenges of relationships, finance, spiritual challenges, many things can happen. But at the point of time when you're at the last, especially when you're running a race, you'll have run 400, 800 meters race, the last lap, what do you do? It's really difficult, isn't it? It's the most exhausting one, the last one, you're so tired, you want to give up. And then you can't look back and say, I fell in the first lap or someone pushed me in the second lap or, you know, my shoe broke in the third, you don't say that you have to let go of that to continue that race. And that's what we're looking at. How do we let go of the past challenges, let go of the regrets that have happened and continue to press on. Let's read Psalms chapter 84 verses 5 to 7. Let's read that. Blessed is the man whose strength is in you, whose heart is set on pilgrimage. As they pass through the valley of Bacchus, they make it a spring, the rain also covers it with pools. They go from strength to strength, each one appears before God in Zion. Okay. So through this journey, who becomes our strength? Who becomes our fortress? It is God who continues to lead us through, you know, so even as we move and it says the valley of Bacchus, the valley of Bacchus is meant to be a place of weeping, meant to be a place of dryness. And it says to move away from that place to do what? To be able to rejoice. They make it a spring means they are choosing to rejoice, they're choosing to find joy, even after having passed through that valley of challenges or that difficulty, they're choosing to make it a spring. So how do you make a valley of weeping a place of spring? It is to keep rejoicing. It is to, you know, sing out loud, say out loud whatever has been good. So letting go of things that have been in the past, whether there's been mistakes, challenges, regrets, things that you have really failed in to overcome that and come forward in that place of rejoicing. Because it says, who is the one? God is the one who's faithful. He's the one who brings about every provision. So as we continue that journey, he's the one who moves us from strength to strength. Okay. Also, we are called, and this is a good time to think back about the good times. Enjoy the good times. Now as my children are growing up, you know, they're 18 and 14, I look at some of their pictures and really cherish it. You know, it's something to look back and enjoy the way or remember, okay, what happened that day, what went on that day. It's a lovely thing to do that, to just enjoy and cherish those memories. But not living, you know, I can't keep saying, I wish I could go back there. I wish I could go back there. I have to keep moving forward. So scripture says that Psalm 77 verse 11, I will remember the works of the Lord. Surely I will remember his wonders of old. So it's for us to be able to remember and think of what he is done, the goodness of what he's done. Enjoy that. All the good things that God has given us. And, you know, but not staying there, not living in the past, but making the most of what is to come. So as when we reach there to know that, you know, we may have only a little bit more to finish the race. To do it all with joy, to do it with whatever memories God's put into us with the heart of thanksgiving. Because from there, we're going to have something even more precious, isn't it? Right? It's not the end for us, but it's even more precious. So we end that journey. Wonderful. All right. Next is what is our responsibility, you know, as an elderly? I know that none of us can actually relate to this right now. None of us, even I can't relate to it. But it's good for us to keep this in mind. So what is important for us at that time is to be healthy, to be strong, to be stimulated, to keep that energy, to keep that vitality. Okay. So even if we are old, what does the psalmist say in Psalm 103 verse 5? It says that your youth is renewed like the eagles, that even if you are older, that you will be satisfied and your youth will be renewed like the eagle. So the Word of God really promises even the fact that even as an old person, you can still bear fruit. You can do so many things for the kingdom. You can do so many things for God. No matter what issues or condition you may be in, you still can bear a lot of fruit in your old age and continue to be a blessing to those around you. Okay. So it is important for us to walk through into that blessing. So where we are useful and efficient for the kingdom of God. Okay. Our other responsibility continues to testify to those who come after us, to testify to the generations. So God has called each one of us with a lot of experience we may have to be able to speak of God's goodness. And we read that in Psalm 71 verses 17 to 18. Can somebody just read especially the 18th verse? One of you can read that. You have taught me ever since I was young and I still tell you your wonderful acts. Now that I am old and my hair is gray, do not abandon me, oh Lord. Be with me while I proclaim your power and might to all generation to come. So we are called to proclaim his power and might to the generations to come. This is not for your grandchildren, but also for those around you, every generation that comes behind you. Okay. Now what happens sometime is, you know, the journey becomes lonely. There's only one person in that journey. Sometimes spouses die. One person in that unit passes away. So you may need to run that race alone without your spouse. So the hope that we have is what we are going to have in future. And that's what it's written in 2 Corinthians 14 verse 4 verses 16 and 18. Anand, can you read that? 2 Corinthians chapter 4 verse 16 to 18. Therefore, we do not lose heart even though our outward man is perishing, yet the inward man is being renewed day by day. For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, is working for us far more exceeding and external weight of glory. Well, we do not look at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen. For the things which are seen are temporary. For the things which are not seen are eternal. Okay. So even though it says, it says for our light affliction is for a moment, right? So what is those light afflictions when we age? Health, maybe finance, maybe loneliness, right? Even though those afflictions are there, there is something that's far more exceeding the eternal weight of glory. So we may not, the things that we see, we have the perspective that it is temporary, but things that are not seen is something that is eternal. So we run that race, even though our outside or our outer part may be fading, may be broken, may be bruised, may be sick, may be completely useless. Our inner man is to be strengthened by the Spirit and we keep making that journey so that we can fight the good fight. 2 Timothy 4.7.8, I have fought the good fight. I have finished the race. I have kept the faith. What? Because there will be the crown of righteousness which the Lord will give to me on that day and to all those who have loved His appearing, right? So we wait and we continue that journey till the time of His coming or of His calling. Okay. All right. Okay. So we're done with the entire course. We have another 10 minutes, but I'd just like to open it up for any questions, any testimonies. What you've learned through this last 15 weeks. What's been useful for you in every stage? I think we went through every stage of life. So what's been useful to you? What's your takeaway from marriage and family? Because my students are all here, I can ask them. I won't have silence here. There are 12 lessons like one day ask a question like one person is not willing to take the responsibility. Is it needed to marry or not? So answer it. No. So from this chapter, from this course, my takeaway is like this. The life is full of responsibilities. So we should move through that. We should take that responsibility or else there is the life is kind of meaningless. Okay. So that which means Francis is ready for marriage. Okay. So one takeaway for Francis is that he's going to take responsibility. If he's God's will. First of all, thank you for the subject. It's actually so helpful. And for me actually, there are many things that I have learned, especially how to maintain relationship not only from the point of spouse and marriage, but with everyone like in the communications in marriage, we have discussed the word if we have conflicts, how to handle those conflicts and how we can keep our relationship good with the people that we love by spending time or making some sacrifices, which is a key takeaway for me. How to have maintained good boundaries also. And also how to have the attitudes towards person who could sacrifice, but we love them, but how we have to deal with them. And also discussing what are the things need to be discussed before and during the relationship. And main thing is like as a people who are in adulthood, we are all always trying want to find a soulmate actually we are like so eager. But we also wait and most of the time we want to like okay, just get in and find out is it not or if it's not then we can break. It's very important like how it hurts the people's heart and how it spiritually entices also. So it's better to start with a friendship and then seek the Lord is the will of God. It's all good advices and thank you so much. Thank you, thanks Prince. Nice. I actually enjoyed this course. I've learned a lot of new things, even though I knew some things but I still learned more as well. And especially like how Prince had to maintain relationships as well. And how we shared. I learned a lot of things. As if we are not only ready for marriage, we are ready for grandparents. That was just a comment of ours. Nikhil? It was helpful. So like as you know in village areas like we used to get married in like 19, 20, 21, but before like they are not responsible to take care of that things. They're not responsible to take care of their wife. They're like what they're going to do after marriage. They have any work or how they will like manage everything. But they will get married. But after reading, I also get to learn so many things about like we have to responsible if we are going to get married. So because there is so many responsibilities if we are ready, so then we should or else like how we will like our relationship, how we will do these things also and how we will teach our children's also. All responsibilities is very important to us. Thank you. Thanks Nikhil. I feel like I never knew none of so many of these things. We have a little bit of understanding, but not into this depth. Just so good. Now only God can help me whatever remaining. I'm sure that the Lord will help and do a wonderful thing. I'll take all the good things. Thank you, Anand. I want to thank you for taking the subject and the lecture for this. I have learned a lot. One of the main thing is the chapter I remember, attitudes, temperament and the relation, how to maintain that relation with our partner and this choosing a person before what we have to do. As a person, we are going into a relationship what we have to do. What are the necessary things we have to take care of? And all the family, I mean there are like, how I'll say there are some responsibilities. It's not like we got the age. We got this marriage. It doesn't mean we had to marry. But there are so many things that we have to take care of. How you told this, the relationship between God and our family, we have to keep God in between and how to handle the situations as a Christians and how to be an example for others. Yeah, there are a lot of things to do. Nice. Thank you. Thanks so much. Anybody on the call? Shiv Kumar, Chirah, Ena, Jacken, Anthony. Chirah wants to say something. I think someone's written something. Jacken has written. I'll just read what Jacken's written. The course was a blessing to me. It has strengthened my walk with the Lord to keep doing the right things and how to resolve conflicts better, not to bottle it up, but in love, patience and long suffering. Yet he takes us through it all. Jesus gives each of us the grace and strength. How to teach my daughter, look out for opportunities to feed in the right perspective according to God's word. I thank God for the spiritual nourishment he's given me. Thank you, Jacken. Anybody else? Anyone else would like to share? Hello. Hello, ma'am. Yes, Chirah. Go ahead. Am I Odeva? Yes, you are. Yes, ma'am. Thank you so much, ma'am, for the course. And I am really blessed and I learned so many things through this course. The main thing, like what Prince also said, like, you know, young people are very eagerly searching our soulmates. But it's very important to wait for the right time to right place, person to come in our life. So this is really helpful me to find the right person, like, to whom God really wants that I should marry the person. I cannot hurry. I cannot search here and there. I have to wait for the right person for the right time. And at the end, I have one more question. Like, you know, in some relationship, what happened? For some lies are there. For one to another person. And for one lie, they cannot trust them again in that very way. So if someone lies to me in a relationship, how can I handle that? Okay.  And how do you trust them back again? And so that's a great observation. Yes, lies, any kind of deceit, any kind of malice breaks down trust significantly in a relationship. And if a person, you know, I think it's important that the person repents, comes to a place of true repentance. And once they've come to a place of true repentance, it is also for the other person, the other person in that relationship to extend forgiveness. So I'd like to bring an example over here. Okay. So when you look at Jesus and his disciples, did Jesus know that Judas was going to betray him? Yes, Jesus knew. But was he entrusted with things? Yes. Right?  He was the treasurer, right? He used to, he was the one who handled that. So if you look at it, you know, we offer grace to those who may have hurt us or offer grace to those who we feel we can't trust.  That's not what it means. But use the wisdom of God to confront at the right point of time, to clarify and to understand what that relationship is going forward. So use wisdom, yet use grace and kindness as you deal with people. Okay? All right, Anthony's written, I learned a lot of things. I was blessed by the class, key takeaway are resolving conflicts, making the choice, boundaries and the big one is communication and marriage. Thank you, Anthony. All right. Okay. The last thing that's remaining is your assessment. Okay, your second assessment. I will post it by this evening. For the either for the online students, the e-learning students, it's already posted as of last couple of hours ago. So please go ahead and complete your assessment before the 24th of November. Okay? Because if you don't complete that, you do not get the certificate to your course. So that's the only thing that is spending. For those of you e-learning students who have not completed the first assessment yet, please ensure that you do so both by the 24th of November, feeling which you may not have access to your certificate. Okay? But for the online students and the students here in person, it will be posted by tonight and you will have a week to complete it. All right? Okay. I think just read out what Nina also said. In all a blessing, the course is a blessing, the impetus to go forward in our walk with God, the guidance and perspective to be, all that we need to be in areas where there is need for correction to live lives and bring glory to God. Enjoyed all the learning. Thank you. Thanks, Nina. All right. So let's wrap up. So next week, we do not have class. So today is the last class. So let's just close with a word of prayer. Heavenly Father, I just thank you for your faithfulness over us over the last 15 weeks as we started this journey of learning about marriage and family. God, we've looked through this in depth, but we know God that it's only your spirit who can help us apply these truths, what the Word of God says about each life stage, each situation, each challenge that we may go through. It's only the spirit that can guide us through it.  We may be young people who are waiting for marriage. We may be those who've just been married. We may be in our midlife with older children or we may be those who are walking the last lap. Lord, in all of this, help us to find joy in knowing that you have instituted good things in marriage and family. Father God, for those who are hurting, Lord, thinking about their own families or the families to come, Father, I pray that your grace and your love, Lord, will cover all of it, Father, and that they would have hope even as they press on forward. Thank you, Lord, I pray for each student who joined in the class, either in person, online or e-learning. I pray for your hand of favour and blessing over each one of them. May their family lives, Lord, be taken care of by you. May it be a blessing for them, Father, and may your favour and your grace and your mercy be over each of the members of their home. Thank you because we are blood-covered. Our families are blood-covered. Our extended families are blood-covered by you. Thank you. To you be all glory and praise. In Jesus' name we pray. Amen. Amen. All right. God bless. Thank you all so much. Thank you. God bless. Bye-bye.


This video will share some basic information about Google Scholar and how student researchers can make the best use of it in their schoolwork. What is Google Scholar? Google Scholar is a handy research tool. It has the familiar layout of a Google search and adds in the benefits of limiters that filter out most non-scholarly sites. It favors articles that have the layout of a scholarly article. Many are from peer-reviewed journals, but some are not. Be aware that how Google defines a scholarly article and how your instructor defines a scholarly article might be different. Always check the source of an article to make sure it meets your academic needs or assignment requirements. Does Google Scholar find everything the library search tools find? There is significant overlap between articles found through library databases or WorldCat Search and articles found through Google Scholar. But there are many articles found only through library databases, and Google Scholar also returns articles which are not found in library databases. So you should never think that you're finding every source or even the best sources by using Google Scholar. The library's resources are still important to search on their own. Is there anything special about searching Google Scholar? I have a few tips to make the most of your Google Scholar search. First, use the link to Google Scholar in the library's A to Z databases page. This connects your Google Scholar search with many of the library's articles so that more full-text articles show up in your search. From the library homepage, click on A to Z databases. Then scroll down or Ctrl-F to find Google Scholar in the list. You may bookmark this link to use in the future. Second, once you're searching Google Scholar, make use of the built-in publication date limiter on the results page to quickly get results within the date range you need. Third, use Google Search operators to get finer control over your search. For example, use quotation marks to search a keyword phrase like nursing home or film noir. Or use quotation marks when you know the title of the article you want or a portion of the title. Put the title in quotes, add in any other keywords like the subject or author, and Google Scholar can usually find the citation. If you know the author and maybe something about the subject, enter the author like this with the word author and a colon in front of the name. Again, you can add any other keyword terms you know about the subject or title. With Google Search operators, you can always use more than one in the same search. Now for some more helpful Google Scholar functions. Site creates a citation for the article in MLA or APA format. However, you will need to check it for accuracy. In this example, the MLA style citation actually has several mistakes, although all the basic information is there. Sited by lists articles that used this article as a reference. This is a way to find more recent articles that built on the research of this article. It's also a good indication of how important the article is in its field. The more articles it's cited by, the more significant it's likely to be. Related articles is another handy way to explore articles on your topic. Let's circle back to the library and services we provide. What do you do if you find a citation in Google Scholar, but the full text isn't available, or the website it links to wants you to pay for it? That's when you head back to the library website. Let's say you want this article that came up in a Google Scholar search. You see there's no link for the full text, so you copy the title, open a new tab in your browser and go to the library home page. Then paste the title into the search box and hit enter. At this point, you might see the article at the top of your results like this. If you do, click on the title and you'll either see a link to the full text to follow or you'll see a request this button. The full text link means you can get the article right now. The request this means the library can get the article for you through our interlibrary loan system. Just fill out the form and you'll get an email when the article is ready to download. If you search for the article on WorldCat and don't see it in your results, change the search limiter from Kirkwood only to libraries worldwide. Almost any article can be located this way. If you still don't find the article at this point, that's the perfect time to ask a librarian for help. Those were the basics on using Google Scholar as just one of the many search tools available to you as a Kirkwood student. For more resources to help you with academic research, see the Kirkwood Library website.


Today, we're going to be looking in chapter 9 here in the Gospel of Mark. We're going to be looking at verse 30 through 37. And what I'll do is I'll begin reading here at verse 30, read to verse 32. As is my normal way of teaching, I'll give to you a reminder of what we've gone through. That helps us to be fresh for this section. It also helps those who perhaps were not with us last time to know where Jesus is moving and where Mark is recording and the events that relate to that. And so I'll give you a prolonged introduction as I normally do. Build this up and then move in to the passage. So beginning at verse 30, reading to verse 32, Mark chapter 9, Mark writes, then they departed from there and passed through Galilee. And he did not want anyone to know it, for he taught his disciples and said to them, the Son of man is being betrayed into the hands of men and they will kill him. And after he is killed, he will rise the third day. But they did not understand this thing and were afraid to ask him. As I've been sharing with you, Jesus has entered into his last six months of ministry with his disciples. At this point, he's spending less time with the multitudes and more time with his men. This is so he can give them further instruction concerning his kingdom and also have them prepared for his upcoming death. As we saw in our last study, Jesus delivered a young boy from demon possession. This demon had tortured the boy since he was very little, perhaps even from infancy. The boy's father had come to see Jesus, to ask him for help. But Jesus was not available. Jesus was on the Mount Transfiguration with Peter, James and John. And so because Jesus was not there, he went to the apostles and he asked the apostles who had remained behind to help. Now Jesus came down from the mountain and as he did so, there was a crowd that was a growing crowd and it was forming even as he was coming down the mountain. And in Luke chapter 9 verse 38, Luke tells us that a man from the crowd had cried out asking for his help. Matthew 17 verse 14 said, A man came to him kneeling down to him and begged for deliverance. This father was beside himself with grief and frustration. He had gone to Jesus' men and asked them to intervene on his behalf, but they had failed. And it's not that they didn't try, they had tried. It's just that they tried and failed. They couldn't do it. And the failure on the part of Jesus' men had undermined his faith even more. This is where the man in Jesus' men had made a mistake. The man had put too much faith in Jesus' men and the men put too much faith in themselves. You see in the past they had been empowered by Jesus to cast out demons and they had. But this time they failed and now they need to learn a lesson. And the lesson is simple. Don't rely on past success. You need to be on the alert and prepared at all times. So Jesus had to give both the man and the apostles a lesson in faith. To the man Jesus pointed out that all things are possible to him who believes. But to the men Jesus pointed out that small faith in a great God can move mountains. So at this point Jesus leaves the northern border area and he begins to travel down south. Now he's doing this again. He wants to minister to his disciples without interruption. He had just given his men a lesson on faith. Now he has to give them a second, a lesson on humility. Now I'm going to talk about humility for a moment. Kind of lay a foundation. Humility is not necessarily a virtue that is valued by modern society. As a matter of fact we don't honor humility. We actually as a society honor arrogance and pride. And we know that perhaps it just takes one or two illustrations to point that out. Somebody scores a touchdown and what's he do with the ball? Does he hand it to the reference say thank you very much and walk? No, he does a dance, he slams a ball in the crowd, cheers. We are very much into rewarding pride and arrogance. We really are. Humility is just not a virtue that people request or even regard. In a world that values pride and personal greatness, humility is considered weakness. Now this attitude of humility, this appeal to pride began actually in the garden. We see it in the garden where Satan told Eve that she could eat up the forbidden fruit because when she did so she would be like God knowing good and evil. And also we see this appeal to people to move in a direction that can amount to in your own mind greatness from really the beginning. And I was looking at this and I wanted to see how was humility regarded in ancient culture. And one writer said this, he said in ancient Greece humility was unknown. Even in Greece perhaps the most ethically aware of all ancient cultures, humility played no part in the good life. So humility was regarded as weakness, it was not regarded as a virtue. 18th century philosopher David Hume wrote, humility neither advances a man's fortune in the world nor renders him a more valuable member of society. Neither does it qualify him for the entertainment of company nor increases his power of self-enjoyment. So humility may not be valued by fallen man but it is foundational in the kingdom of God. And that's because humility rises from a willingness to see yourself as you really are. It's simply an accurate understanding who we are at our place in the world and for believers. It begins when we understand who we are and what God has done for us. This knowledge of who we are leads us to treat others with kindness and grace. Because when you realize what you are and what you've been, how can you not treat somebody with kindness? How can you not treat them with grace? And that's especially true when we're seeking to minister to someone who has failed. A fellow believer, humility is a proper understanding of self and that's truly necessary. In Galatians chapter 6 verse 1 says, brethren if a man is overtaken in any trespass, you who are spiritual restore such a one in the spirit of gentleness, considering yourself lest you also be tempted. So a truly humble person is aware of who they themselves are and that helps you to value other people. In Philippians chapter 2 verse 3 Paul said, do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit rather in humility value others above yourselves. So as we see in a moment the apostles battled with pride so they needed to learn the lesson of humility. Verse 30 tells us that they departed from there and passed through Galilee and he did not want anyone to know it. Now when you read your Bibles and as we've been reading through Mark, but you can see this in the other Gospels, we see that Jesus ministered in this region for some time. He ministered there often but now he's developing his men and so he's wanting to focus his attention on the things that they need to know. He's going to continue doing public ministry but he's concentrating more intently on them because he's going to depart from them soon and they have much to learn and that especially relates to something he wants to teach them. They especially must learn lessons that will form their character and so he's about to teach them something about humility. Verse 31 says, he taught his disciples and said to them, the Son of Man is being betrayed into the hands of men.  Now that's something that he has been emphasizing recently when he was up there in Caesarea Philippi as we saw before he had ministered there and he had told him he was going to be betrayed and he had spoken to them concerning these things and at that time the Apostle Peter, well that just didn't sit well with him and that's why he said, Far be this thing from you that it should happen to you and that's when the Lord Jesus had to rebuke him and let him know, no this is the foundation, this is why I have come. So he's already begun sharing with them concerning those things. In chapter 9 here at verse 12 he had said the Son of Man must suffer many things and be treated with contempt so he's beginning to share with them in layers that things concerning him and how he's going to be treated. You see this is what they need to have reinforced in their understanding and this is something that's new to them. He has to reinforce in their understanding that the Messiah is going to be a suffering servant. He has to reinforce in them that the Messiah is one who's going to die and that's something that was very new to them. They did not understand that the Messiah was to be sacrificed. You see this wasn't something they'd been taught. This isn't something that the rabbis had had taught them about Messiah at all so it bothered him. In 1 Corinthians 123 Paul said it like this. He said we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, a stumbling block to Jews. You see the general expectation concerning Messiah during the time of Jesus was simple. Before Messiah came there'd be a time of terrible trouble and tribulation. Before Messiah arrived there would be a forerunner, Elijah. And after these two events Messiah would arrive and he would establish his kingdom. The thought of a suffering servant dying for them on a cross was foreign and because of this Jesus had to clearly emphasize that he was going to die. And so he had to emphasize that with them. You see in Luke 9.44 he said let these words sink down into your ears. The Son of Man is about to be betrayed into the hands of men. Let this sink down. You've got to receive this. It has to go deep within you. And so with that in mind he's preparing them for his betrayal and his death. What he has to say is of utmost importance and he greatly desires them to understand it. The thought of him being betrayed and dying is something they don't want to hear. So as we've seen some of the things that he was teaching them would be understood later. His suffering and his death was something they needed to understand at that time. So he begins to remind them. He reminds them of his upcoming death. He reminds them of what was going to happen. And in doing so he shares three basic things with them. Notice this in verse 31. First he says the Son of Man is about to be betrayed into the hands of men. He's going to be betrayed. That is mind-boggling to them. They couldn't believe that he would be betrayed and they had no idea who it would be who was going to do that. They didn't know. I mean how would you even believe that somebody would actually betray him that word betray means to give up treacherously. It means to abandon. He's saying I'm going to be betrayed into the hands of men. I'm going to be handed over for judgment and even punishment. And he knew it was Judas who's going to do it. Now Judas is an interesting character. We'll see him more often as we go through the gospel and all. But when you look at Judas out of all of the men he was very trusted. How do we know that? He was the treasurer. He held the money bag. You don't give to someone. You don't trust your funds. You just don't do that. Jesus gave to him the authority to handle the money bag. And so he was the treasurer. And when Jesus even at the table says one of you will be betraying me the men began to ask is it I? Is it I? Is it I? They didn't even consider that it could be somebody else. They said is it me? Is it my heart? Am I going to do that? And even Judas himself said is it I? They didn't suspect Judas at all. They didn't suspect him. So when Jesus says he will be betrayed that's something hard for them to get hold of. But Judas was going to be the one who did it. Jesus knew it. In John 13 verses 18 and 19 I speak not of you all. I know whom I have chosen but that the scripture may be fulfilled. He that eats bread with me has lifted up his heel against me. Now I tell you before it comes that when it does come to pass you may believe that I am he. He who eats bread with me has lifted up his heel against me. He was speaking of Judas. So he is going to be betrayed. He's going to be given up treacherously and abandoned.  Now it's been struggled with the thought of this that Jesus would be put to death by the Romans the Jews. But this was something they would later see was necessary for their salvation. Paul later on in 1 Corinthians chapter 15 verse 3 writes Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures. And then he said he will rise the third day. This was something else that they did not understand yet the centrality of his resurrection. You see after he was resurrected they would come to see what he meant. His resurrection is the center of our faith and the heart of our message. See we preach a gospel that includes Jesus Christ dying on the cross. But that gospel in order to be good news includes the fact that he died but rose from the dead on the third day. And so Jesus Christ taught that. He taught his men to know that. And if Jesus died and remained in the grave then all of his teachings that he gave up to that point are useless. In 1 Corinthians 15 verses 14 through 17 Paul said it like this. He said if Christ has not been raised our preaching is useless and so is your faith. More than that we are then found to be false witnesses about God for we have testified about God that he raised Christ from the dead. But he did not raise him if in fact the dead are not raised for if the dead are not raised then Christ has not been raised either. And if Christ has not been raised your faith is futile.  We preach the gospel. Jesus Christ crucified but that he rose the third day from the dead. That's what we teach. That's what we believe. He said we if this is not so later in 1 Corinthians 15 he would say we have of all men are most miserable because the life that we're living is one of many times persecution and suffering. And we're going through all of this for what? For a man who lied. C.S. Lewis said it very well.  If he's a lunatic he's going to be saying oh yeah I'm going to be raised from the dead you need to believe in me I'm going to come back with my angels and we're going to wipe out the earth and all of that. Only a lunatic would say that if it's not true. A liar well how can you call Jesus Christ a prophet or a good man or a good teacher if he's lying to you because good teachers and good men are not liars.  Those are your three choices and we as Christians we believe that he actually was raised from the dead on the third day and that's what he's teaching his men but his men are not expecting that to take place. They don't understand it says in verse 32 and they're afraid to ask him. They're not ready for what he has to say and they're hesitating and asking a question. Now Matthew and Luke give us greater insight into why they didn't understand. In Matthew chapter 17 verse 23 it says the disciples were filled with grief. In Luke 9 45 it says they didn't understand what this meant it was hidden it was concealed from them so they did not grasp it and they were afraid to ask him about it. They have sorrow hesitation to ask a question but the sorrow and grief they have is understandable. He's saying I'm going to die and they love him for them the idea of him dying would cause them to be sad but that sorrow is actually an expression of unbelief. In John 14 28 and 29 he said you heard me say I'm going away and I am coming back to you. If you loved me you would be glad that I'm going to the Father for the Father is greater than I. I have told you now before it happens so that when it does happen you will believe and so he prepared them for this monumental thing called a resurrection and so they're at that point they're having difficulty and they're not really wanting to ask him but once again he lays a layer of understanding on them. After that we move into verse 33 then he came to Capernaum and asked and and rather and when he was in the house he asked them what was it you disputed among yourselves on the road. They kept silent for on the road they had disputed among themselves who would be the greatest and he sat down he called the 12 and slapped them around no he said he sat down called the 12 and said to them if anyone desires to be first he shall be last of all and servant of all then he took a little child and set him in the midst of them and when he had taken him in his arms he said to them whoever receives one of these little children in my name receives me and whoever receives me receives not me but him who sent me. So Jesus is in Capernaum and he's in a house. Now as we've been going through the Gospels we've seen that he goes to this particular place called Capernaum which is on the shore of the Sea of Galilee in the north to the little to the west that he administered out of Capernaum and often in several of his men actually lived there or were from around there Peter Andrew James and John and Matthew all lived in the city or near it. At this time Jesus is more than likely once again in the house of Simon Peter and Andrew because he had been there before we saw that in Mark 1.29 what he's doing now is he's instructing them about humility and he's going to do so by asking them a question notice verse 33 what was it you disputed among yourselves on the road what was it you were arguing about now if you look at a map Caesarea Philippi which is the area the region they're coming from is to the north and if they taken a road and they're walking it's about 50 to 60 miles for them to get there during the day of Christ you could walk up to 20 miles in a single day so we're talking about a two and a half day perhaps a three day journey so on this two to three day journey Jesus walking with the men the men had gotten into an argument now they're trying to keep this to themselves but Jesus is well aware of what was going on and it makes me laugh when I was looking at this and preparing this it makes me laugh to think of how we think we can keep things away from the Lord in Psalm 139 verse 4 even before a word is on my tongue behold oh lord you know it all together you're aware but they think they can hide this from him so we asked verse 33 what were you disputing about that word disputing means debating or arguing it speaks about a heated conversation it wasn't a light conversation at all they were getting angry and going at one another but notice in verse 34 they they kept silent for on the road they disputed among themselves who's the greatest now just a short while before they were arguing loudly but now they're strangely silent who's the greatest is the argument that word greatest in the original language speaks of that which is a leader it speaks of that which is larger it speaks of the elder who is the greatest now think about what's going on right now and I want to develop this with you recently Jesus was there in a place called Caesarea Philippi and as we saw Jesus asked the man who do men say that I the son of man am and we see how the apostle Peter said some say that you're John Elijah Jeremiah you're one of the prophets but who do you say that I am you are the Christ the son of the living God blessed are you Simon by join a flesh and blood is not revealed this to you but my father in heaven Simon you have received spiritual revelation how do you think Simon felt when he got that spiritual revelation when he speak into Christ in Christ's commanding him he must have felt that he had somehow arrived in a certain place not only that but Peter James and John had been just recently they were on the mount transfiguration the other nine had been at the foot of the mount they were on the top there with Jesus as he was transfigured before them they saw the glory they they saw Elijah saw Moses they partook in that what do you think they thought about themselves as they're coming down and we were just on the mountain you guys can't even cast out a demon that's kind of what's going on and so now the boys are together and they're walking for two and a half three days and they're saying you know you're important who's to say you're not you are as a matter of fact I personally think you're great not as great as me but you're great keep trying you know do some spiritual calisthenics you'll grow up you'll be like me the attitude we say is that possible why not that's what they were doing they were arguing uh Peter you're not that great oh wait a minute let me ask a question you're man you remember that time I took a walk on water enough said how can you say how can you say that I'm not the greatest how could you possibly say that I walked on water while you sat in a boat let's not talk about it I don't want to embarrass you you all know it that kind of attitude you think the men could be that way why couldn't they why couldn't they and the other other guys James and John yeah well we were up there we actually uh saw Elijah and Moses you guys hear about them I can tell you what they look like but I can't tell you my lips are sealed but anyway who do you think you are says Lebeyes who here knows anything about him Lebeyes you've got three names because he does three different names describing one man who are you who do you think you think that it's not possible of course we know that it is possible why because a human being's in need of a savior just like we are and when they have spiritual experiences it could go to your head to the point where you are more than willing to argue about who is the greatest in the kingdom now we all know that Jesus is but I'm right next to him you know we know that later on James and John's mom who is going to come and ask for them to have positions of honor in the kingdom and it's kind of one of those nepotistic kind of things because James and John are Jesus's cousins so James and John can say yeah yeah Peter it's cool but we're blood blood blood in blood out that's us right we're blood that does take place and so Jesus has to teach him a lesson that people don't really want to learn it's called the lesson of humility these people had had Peter James John even Andrew was part of some of those things they had had special experiences that the others had not shared and that would have given them opportunity to consider themselves the elders and that didn't sit well with the other apostles now it's telling how this comes after Jesus once again spoke of his betrayal and death they should have been discussing that not who's the greatest in the kingdom now why would they be discussing that while their belief was an immediate establishment of the kingdom and since they thought it would happen quickly their ambition not affection had been stirred so in response Jesus does not speak of the nature of greatness he speaks of the road to it so notice in verse 35 he sat down he called the twelve he said to them if anyone desires to be first he shall be last of all and servant of all he begins by referring to the desire to be first now many a Christian and many a pastor has struggled with the desire for preeminence and Jesus speaking of the religious leaders of his day said that they were guilty of desiring preeminence he said that they do all their deeds to be noticed by people in Matthew 23 verse 5 and sadly the need for attention can drive us to even serve expecting to be noticed sometimes those they are leading are willing to give them the attention that they're seeking when you have a minister who serves for attention there will always be people around him who will give them the reward of attention it's one of those things that especially when God uses you in a wonderful way that can go to your head and before you know it you begin to think that it's because of you that these things are happening and you'll always have somebody around you clapping for you cheering for you and telling you that you're the best and if there's anything that we like to hear it's we like to hear things like that it goes to your head and nobody is totally invulnerable to those things you have to die to those things you have to be aware of those things sometimes in ministry ministers will do things to be seen by men i learned this i started learning this before i was saved when i was about 16 maybe 17 we were having a day in our in our PE class we had to we had to go swimming i'm no swimmer so my friends and i were at the shallow end of the pool just kind of stand around talking and i was like i said probably junior or senior at that time and we're just kind of talking amongst ourselves we had to you know stay there the whole gym period so we're visiting and as we're talking i heard a voice and i turned around and on the other end of the pool is the high dive and there's a freshman a 14 year old little boy standing on the edge of the high dive at the board on the board and he was yelling and that's what drew our attention because he was yelling coach look at me i'm gonna jump and as i looked at him there's this little guy just standing on the edge is a little guy 14 years old or so and standing on the edge of the of the board and he's saying look at me coach i'm gonna jump and i'm looking at him and the coach is is not noticing that he's doing that so he keeps yelling he kept yelling coach i'm gonna jump watch me i'm gonna jump and then finally the coach turns and looks at him he says what he's said i'm gonna jump and then he jumps and so i i i'm a 16 17 year old kid and we don't have a whole lot of mercy in our hearts at that age and and i'm thinking and what's with this guy i mean what do you need to be noticed jumping up and i'm jumping up and okay shut up you're not sure where my heart was but later on the lord taught me something i haven't forgotten ever and it's been a long time ago that he began to teach me and that was simply this some some people need attention because they don't get it anywhere else he may not have had a dad in the home he may have been you know ignored there could have been a thousand and one reasons why this little guy needed the attention of someone he thought was important so the lord began to speak to my heart about that and he said you know you have to have kindness to those who who have been without but you also have to be careful because within you is is also the seed of the desire to be noticed for the things that you do so die to that don't boast about yourself don't boast about your accomplishments don't try and impress people just serve me because that's the lesson of humility to give god all the glory and all the credit you see when we begin to exalt with religious leaders and begin to try to treat them like royalty what it does is it exalts in them pride and it extinguishes humility they thought that they were hiding this from Jesus but Jesus was aware of their hearts Luke 947 says that Jesus perceiving the thought of their heart took a little child and said him by him perceiving the thought of their heart he saw it and he needed to give them a lesson on humility he wanted them to know that greatness in his kingdom begins with the heart of service all of us have a desire to be known and i'm not saying that it's wrong for us to have a natural desire to have friends and those who love us and even those who encourage us i just believe that we have to be very careful that we don't do things to be seen by man and rewarded through their attention because Jesus taught us it's wrong he says you don't give to be seen you'll get your reward you don't pray to be seen you'll get your reward you don't fast to be seen you'll get your reward from men do these things in secret god will reward you openly he taught us those things but all of us want people to know who we are and so that's that can be a very destructive thing in the ministry and especially in the heart of a pastor it wasn't that long ago i was invited to to to a local prayer meeting it was a it was a marriage prayer breakfast prayer meeting they had asked me if i would close the meeting in prayer and so i'm sitting there and there's several pastors and and the first pastor jack hybs jack got up and he prayed a beautiful prayer and mary lowa got up and said who who can talk after jack hybs and so you know everybody cheered because of that and all of that and i'm just kind of sitting there and then all these other guys we now have pastor so and so pastor so and so and finally i come up at the end to pray and the guy introducing the people praying looks at me and says i'm sorry i don't know your name so i hit him no and so he you'll remember remember david david david no i i started you know like what are you going to do well do you go up to be known or do you go up to exalt the lord the lord has been teaching me this for so many years and i'm so here i'm really kind of used to it i'm really kind of i am used to it as a matter of fact and you know what it's a good place to be to know that the one who knows your name is jesus christ and it doesn't matter if anybody else does is a good lesson to have it really matters it really does and i say that i say that sincerely in matthew 10 24 and 25 the disciple is not above his master nor the servant above his lord it's enough for the disciple that he be as his master the servant as his lord in luke 22 27 who is greater he who sits at the table or he who serves is it not he who sits at the table yet i am among you as a one who serves greatness in the kingdom of god has a different standard the measure of a man is not how many servants he has but how many men he serves and his men needed to learn to put others and their needs before their own in romans 12 10 it says be kindly affectionate to one another with brotherly love in honor giving preference to one another the men needed to learn the lesson of humility god opposes the proud in luke 14 7 through 11 he told a parable to those who were invited when he noted how they chose the best places saying to them when you are invited by anyone to a wedding feast do not sit down in the best place less one more honorable than you be invited by him and he who invited you and him come and say to you give place to this man and then you begin with shame to take the lowest place but when you're invited go and sit down in the lowest place so that when he who invited you comes he may say to you friend go up higher then you will have glory in the presence of those who sit at the table with you for whoever exalts himself will be humbled and he who humbles himself will be exalted learn the lesson of humility and that's the lesson they need to learn and so how is he going to emphasize this verse 36 he took a little child and set him in the midst of them and when he had taken him in his arms he said to them whoever receives one of these little children in my name receives me and whoever receives me receives not me but him who sent me so this child is not named notice that but commentators have speculated it may have been one of the Apostle Peter's kids now this is a little child notice he uses the phrase little child that speaks of a toddler the word can also be used to describe an infant and when you have a picture of his Jesus tenderly scooping up a small child and holding him in his arms now why would he be a model of humility well a small child has yet to have accomplished anything that would be noteworthy they have no actual power they haven't achieved anything in the world they're small they're weak they're dependent they require constant care and protection at that time they weren't even taught the law until they were 12 years of age the rabbis considered it a waste of time to try and teach them until they were older but Jesus took the child up in his arms and he used the child as an example to his men notice what he says in verse 37 he who receives one of these little children in my name receives me as he's holding him he's teaching his disciples a lesson when we are sent out with the message of the gospel we are representing him to the world the non-believing world can have different reactions to our message as well as to us those who aren't believers can reject the gospel and reject those who are bringing it mark 6 11 says whoever will not receive you nor hear you when you depart from there shake up the dust under your feet as a testimony against them assuredly I say to you it will be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment then for that city they can reject you even friends and family may reject us because we love the Lord again that's part of the cost of being a disciple in Matthew 10 34 through 36 do not think that I come to bring peace on earth I didn't come to bring peace but a sword for I've come to set a man against his father a daughter against her mother and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law see ladies and a man's enemies will be those of his own household but there are others who embrace the message of the gospel and in doing so they're embracing not only us but the one who sent us in Matthew 10 40 he who receives you receives me and he who receives me receives him who sent me now Matthew gives us more insight Matthew 18 verse 3 when he says assuredly I say to you unless you are converted and become as little children you will by no means enter the kingdom of heaven let's look at that for a minute the key to entering the kingdom of heaven is to humble yourself the word humble again speaks of making yourself low to be converted requires one to be willing to be humbled and become like a little child in James 4 6 God resists the proud but he gives grace to the humble so in what way can I look at a little child and learn spiritual lessons well one little children are very trusting if you make them a promise they will hold you to it because they know that you said they know daddy you said daddy you said yeah yeah I did no daddy you said they know they I've heard how many times have I heard that daddy you said I know I know well they're trusting they they they know that that you said it so you're gonna do it has he said it and shall he not do it if God says you shall be born again when you believe in me and you will enter into the kingdom of heaven has he said it and will he not do it how can I be saved by trusting him and taking him at his word another thing about little children is they believe that in for me as a son to a father that their father can do anything I thought my dad could do anything I remember let me give you an ancient history lesson take a moment when Disneyland opened up here in California I was five years old when it opened up I wanted to go to Disneyland with my brother I didn't care if he went I wanted to go to Disneyland with all my heart and they used to have a program Disney Disneyland program all kinds of things my dad knew it and now we're aware there's such a place as Disneyland well one day my dad says to us kids on Saturday I've got a surprise for you so we didn't know he didn't tell us what it was Saturday came they got us dressed up I remember being put in the car as we're sitting there it's pouring rain poured rain but my dad's gonna do something because he told me and I know it's going to be special because he made a promise and he'll keep his word that's how I thought as a five-year-old we couldn't go to Disneyland we didn't know it was closed we didn't know that's where we're going so instead we went up into the Venice area where my family lived and off we go to Venice and and we pulled into this little hamburger place that used to be there and he bought his hamburgers and we thought man we're living big a hamburger and we've got a surprise and so I still remember showing up in front of my aunt's house climbing out and it started to snow thank you daddy thank you for making it snow I thought my dad made it snow I really did my brother and I were just jumping around picking up daddy made it snow thank you for your surprise daddy it's the greatest my dad never told us I didn't make it snow my dad just my lying father took glory your father can do anything one time my dad told me go get a tool it's in the garage and I climbed over a fence no actually I went down the side and went up the driveway to go in the garage and when I got to the garage my dad was already in the garage and I looked at him and I said how'd you get here how'd you get here I flew my dad told me I flew over the house son I was in a hurry I believed he flew over the house why not because my dad had told me he's Superman and Superman flies made sense to me and so my father could do anything well obviously my daddy couldn't but my father in heaven can and so if he has said it shall he not do it is he not powerful enough to make it come to pass that's how children think babies are also very loving and very dependent they're just the sweetest little things and they just they just care I've had the joy of having my son Joseph and my daughter-in-law Karina live with us um she conceived just prior to moving in so she was pregnant she moved into our house and they had sold their home and they were going to be purchasing another one and and they said can we live with you for a month or two well they're still there and um and my granddaughter is six months old going on seven months so that tells you how long they've been living without paying rent and so so we've had the joy of revisiting small children because my granddaughter Olivia is three and my other grandbaby is six months going on seven months my Nora and so we've had the joy of revisiting babyhood by having them with us and one of the things you know how loving my Olivia is is one of the things as Marie and I will be sitting down on the couch and every night it's a ritual her dad brings her down and brings her to us and he'll say which one's it going to be but before she comes she'll be yelling here come somebody and so I yell out here come somebody here come somebody like the queen is arriving and she'll come in and then she'll look at us and he swings around and he'll say who do you want to kiss first who do you want to kiss first you know do that she always kisses mom grandma and that's why I kicked Marie out of the house for a few days she always kisses grab me first and then she kisses pop but it's our ritual and and and it's become very beautiful for us it's been a sweet time to have that and and my Nora whenever she sees us she kicks her little feet and smiles they're so loving and and there's we're supposed to be too aren't we how can what are we to be as as Christians they shall know you're my my disciples if you have love love for one another love is the birthmark of the believer what are you to be like we're to be loving they're also very simple they don't require long answers they don't a little boy says to his daddy daddy where do I come from and daddy's driving in mama's city next and she looks at him she says you got to answer that one I'm not going to where did I come from well son um kids only eight years old how do I explain you know when you like women and you get married and and you kiss them and you hold them sometimes why do you want to know you know he says I don't know he says you know my friend comes from Ontario and I was just wondering where I come from you know they require they require innocent responses they don't need long answers and they are also very dependent they rely completely on their caretaker is that not what we're supposed to do and then finally this is something I've discovered perhaps it may be just unique to my experience they never resist a gift they don't resist gifts as a matter of fact they expect more but they never respect they never reject one I've never seen them reject it oh no father please give that to my brother no they don't do that they take it and is there anything else God is offering us a gift God is offering us a gift be like a little child don't reject it he's offering it to you little children don't reject a gift and finally we're to be trusting him because Jesus is holding a toddler as he's given the teaching and we're to be as trusting of him as this little child is resting in his arms Deuteronomy 30 verse 20 love the Lord your God obey his voice cling to him for he is your life and the length of your days cling to him hold fast to him while he is your life he is our life and he prolongs our days ultimately as we enter into eternity with him so the humble the peaceful and dependent relationship keeps us secure as we serve him have faith but also have humility father we ask that you would work with him


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we will discuss the question which says that Part A, Computer Price Index for the following by simple aggregation method and this data is given to us in which the commodities are given as A, B, C, D, E and F and the corresponding prices of the given commodities in the year 1976 in dollars are given as 15, 25, 13, 33, 35 and 42 and the prices in the year 1986 in dollars are given as 18, 37, 35, 39, 41 and 50 and in the heart we using simple aggregate method the index number for the year 1995 taking 1990 as the base year for the following data is 1, 19, find the disadvantages in the data if summation B0 is equal to 4, 16 and here in the given data the commodities are given as A, B, C, D, E and F and the corresponding prices of the given commodities in the year 1990 in dollars are given as 48, 65, x, 75, 18 and 120 and the corresponding prices of the given commodities in 1995 in dollars are given as y, 70, 75, 95 and 150. Now before starting the solution of this question we should know a result. Now by the simple aggregate method P01 is equal to summation P1 over summation P0 into 100 where P01 denotes the price index number for the current year with reference to the base year where summation P1 denotes the total of the current year prices and the commodities under consideration and summation P0 denotes the total of the base year prices of the same commodities which we have considered for summation P1. Now this result will work out as a key idea for solving out this question and now we will start with the solution. First of all let us start with part A. Now in the A part we have to compute a price index for the following data by simple aggregate method. Now here the year 1976 is the base year for the year 1986. It means the prices in the year 1976 will be the base year prices of the given commodities under consideration because in the year 1986 will be the current year prices given commodities under consideration. So the base year prices are denoted by P0 and the current year prices are denoted by P1. Now from the given data summation P0 is equal to that is the total of the base year prices of the given commodities under consideration is equal to 15 plus 25 plus 13 plus 33 plus 35 plus 42 which is equal to 118 and the total of the current year prices of the given commodities that is summation P1 is equal to 18 plus 37 plus 35 plus 39 plus 41 plus 15 which is equal to 220. Now using the result which is given in the key idea we can find out the price index number. So the price index number P1 for the year 1986 taking 1976 as the base year is equal to summation P1 over summation P0 into 100 which is equal to now summation P1 is 220 summation P0 is 118 so P01 will be equal to 220 over 118 into 100 which is equal to 122.222. This means if the total prices in the year 1976 is represented by 100 then the total of the prices in the year 1986 will be represented by 122.222 which is called the simple aggregate price index for the year 1986 taking 1976 as the base year. Which means that the prices increased 1986 32% when compared to the prices of the year 1976. Now let us start with the part B in which using the simple aggregate method the index number for the year 1995 taking 1990 as the base year for the following data is given as 120 and we have to find the missing entries in the given data if summation P0 is equal to 450. Now summation P0 means the total of the base year prices of all the commodities under consideration. Now here 1990 is the base year for the year 1995 this means the prices in the year 1990 will be the base year prices and the total of all these prices will give us summation P0. So in the B part it is given that summation P0 is equal to 460 from the given data summation P0 which is equal to 40 h plus 65 plus x plus 75 plus 18 plus 120 which implies now summation P0 is 460. So this is equal to now adding all these values we will get 388 plus x which implies x is equal to we can find out summation P1 that is the total of the current year prices quantities under consideration P1 from the given data is equal to y plus 70 plus 77 plus 95 plus 150 which is equal to y plus 477. Now we know that by a simple aggregate method the price index number P01 for the year 1995 taking 1990 as a base year is equal to summation P1 over summation P0 into P1 is given to us as 120. So this implies 150 is equal to now summation P1 is y plus 477 upon now summation P0 is 460. So we have 120 is equal to y plus 477 hundred which further implies now further on solving it will be 12 into 46 is equal to y plus 477 52 minus 477 is equal to y which implies y is equal to 75. We have got x is equal to 72 solution of the given question and that's all for the session. Hope you all have enjoyed the session.


World Tuberculosis Day reminds us that not enough is being done to protect the most vulnerable from tuberculosis, especially the migrants. Our new study from the South Caucasus shows that migrants are not aware of tuberculosis risks or the available services, and this leaves them exposed to this deadly and expensive killer. Also, much more work is needed on transnational migrant inclusive health services. All migrants should be given access to tuberculosis treatment, and the continuity of their treatment must be ensured. Let's say it loudly and firmly, it's time.