Iran says it can enrich uranium up to 90% purity weapons grade if its nuclear reactions needed it. But added, it still sought the revival of a 2015 deal that would limit its atomic activities in return for a lifting of sanctions. The nuclear deal caps the physical purity to which Tehran can refine uranium at 3.67% while under the 20% achieved before the agreement and far below the 90% suitable for a nuclear weapon. Iran has long denied any intention of developing nuclear weapons. Iran has been breaching the deal in several ways after the United States withdrew from the agreement in 2018 including by producing 20% and 60% enriched uranium. So you get notified about fresh news updates.


We almost always have competing goals. I'm not saying rationality doesn't exist. I'm saying rationality is not the absence of feeling emotion. Rationality is not the absence of feeling, it can't be. That's impossible actually anatomically.  That's its most important job. That's why we have brains because we have big complicated bodies that with a lot of moving parts that have to be integrated and coordinated in a metabolically efficient way. And your body is always sending sense data back to your brain about the state of the body.   It has no idea what's going on in the body. It has no idea what's going on in the world. It only knows, it only finds out things through the sensory surfaces of the body.   It only knows the outcome. So it has to guess at the causes, right? Because a flash of light or a loud bang, like a loud bang could be a door slamming. It could be thunder outside. It could be a gunshot. And what your brain has to prepare you to do is different in those three cases. Similarly, if you have an ache in your chest, that ache could be that there's a lot of uncertainty and your heart is racing. It could be that you just ate a big meal and you've got indigestion. It could be the beginnings of a heart attack.  Your brain has to guess. And the point is that your brain's receiving always sense data from the body and your brain makes that data available to consciousness as simple feelings, feeling pleasant, feeling unpleasant, feeling comfortable, feeling uncomfortable, feeling worked up, feeling calm. These simple feelings are not emotions but they're always with you, 24 seven, always. So that means you're never without feeling.  I'm not saying that for your feeling. There's feeling there, but we experience feeling. I experience feeling in that moment as if it's embedded in the person I'm perceiving. Like the asshole-ness is really that person, right? As opposed to my brain is actually creating this feeling. And so I think this is a really good example. There may be other reasons for why that person cut me off on the highway that I'm not considering. And maybe that person is late for an appointment. Maybe that person is rushing someone to the hospital. Maybe that person didn't actually see me. And there are a lot of reasons that that could have happened. And rationality in part is about considering alternatives, let's say, and not just going with the first experience that you have, the first impression that you have. Rationality is also really tied, I think to, so it's not tied to the absence of feeling, but it's definitely tied to doing things with the amount of energy that you actually have. So what I mean by that is our brain is kind of running a budget for our body. That's a metaphor for what your brain is doing. One of the things your brain is doing is trying to balance the intake of energy and the output of energy.  And rationality, you could also think of it as, so for example, we look at someone who is depressed or who is anxious as being not rational and in fact, actually the dominant view of depression is that you have overactive emotion circuits in your brain and underactive cognitive control, underactive rationality.  Another way to think about what depression is is a bankrupt body budget. That there are real serious metabolic problems, a person who is depressed is basically has, there are metabolic issues that cause people to have no energy to stop exercising, stop moving, stop engaging with people around them to kind of go with their beliefs instead of trying to forage for new information or paying attention to what's going on around them. And that's actually a rational thing to do. It's rational to stop spending when you're running a deficit. And yeah, and the most expensive thing your brain can do really is move your body, like literally move your limbs, that's expensive. And also learning something new turns out to be metabolically expensive. So if you stop, if you withdraw and you stop moving and you lose motivation to do things, that's actually, it's like in a way that's sort of not spending, it's becoming frugal. Yeah, conserving. Yeah, so depression, we think of as a mental illness and that there's something wrong with the person's rationality, but I would say the symptoms of depression are perfectly rational way to deal with a body budget deficit. And the problem actually that needs to be solved is not an absence of rationality, it's a problem with metabolism. Yeah, and this makes so much sense because for everybody, if they're having any sort of issues, the first thing that you wanna look at is that triad of how are you sleeping, what are you eating and what sort of exercise you are getting because that helps process your metabolism and what you're eating and making sure that all that energy is getting spent in the proper manner. And if you're not sleeping correctly, if you're not eating properly, if you're not getting exercise, well, all of that energy that is coming in is going to the wrong places or is reserved for places that is not getting the proper sleep exercise and diet.


What's up everybody, Jay-Z here with JaspysKZRace.com 14 team giveaway guys and pristine number two picker team with this 2022 Pinini select MLB hobby pack break number five So First we're gonna do the break randomized customer names teams sure the hits out of the hobby pack And then at the end we're gonna randomize the customer names here and the top 12 names will get a team. I did combo up some of the cheaper teams over 15 bucks or so So Marlins Rockies combo to Rangers d-backs combo all the way down to the Reds I think every team though was a pretty much around $30 and plus to the angels at 200. So pretty nice teams in there guys So here you go. Here's a dice roller customer names. Let's do the pack filler first roll 6 to 2 8 times good luck one two three four five six seven eight Tyler Brenner down to Joe Pizzo Now here's for the sheet for the break really quick eight times one two three four five six seven eight six and two eight White talks down to the angels All right again, stick to what you got guys quick little pack filler. All right. Here we go got a white Here we go. Why we got here? Max Scherzer New York Mets 17 of 50 and Mets that is Steven Kendrick now. Let's switch scenes and let's do the main giveaway now. So remember top 12 Get a team So remember guys, it was a 14 team giveaway But we have 12 teams here that were given away in combo spots So 12 names are gonna win but 14 teams being given away Here we go roll it One of four five times good luck one two three four and five Boom five times So Tyler's in I can see from 12 Tyler's in 11 Nick Shea Chad Pizzle Nester Nester Carl Nester Steven Kendrick and Robert H So there you go guys so these customers here are in the break and Robert you got the angels Steven Kendrick with the roles Nester with the Dodgers Carl with the father's Nester with the Blue Jays Nationals Pizzle with the Phillies Chad all the combo Marlins Rock you shave with the Rangers D-backs Nick with the Cubs tied with the Giants and the Reds So there you go guys appreciate it everybody coming up next is the break itself


Haresол ima trilimu-!」 Mastähimiwa gambleia 하지u nini ka w dB wa kuhendi kiha uomu wa wg Ja Makap undo.接i uo mtya 2 mbertaga dulimu lachuh kutulaima So, if you have your own represented in that commission, then they will come and tell you that indeed we were compromised. So, when you have a referee from a certain team, it doesn't mean fairness. Which referee? So, the religious leaders always say that they have their referee. The other institutions will say they have their referee. Alright, let's take a look at this video here. This is what the president had to say. Whose objective is really nothing more than to find what ails our country and hopefully give us a solution that will heal our country. Solution that will heal our country. Yes. And that is a bone of contention. Some feel this solution can heal the country but some feel that this solution is meant to heal certain individuals. You know Agukum, yesterday there's no speaker who said that this document is final and final, take it or leave it. The reason why it is called a national conversation is because it is a discourse that night is going to Kenyans and Kenyans after they gave their views, they now reflect and see this document. How do we implement through the proposed matrices? Now, the issues that are going to give solutions and I want us to go there because that's what the most important thing our viewers would want to know. How is this document going to change their life for the better? Number one, I'll start by young people. The young people have every reason to smile because of this document. Why? Number one, it creates an opportunity where their problems and challenges converges at a commission that is established under Chapter 15. That commission today is not there and therefore their issues are disintegrating. They cannot be channeled towards one channel of sobbing. Number two, the issue of help, it gives a moratorium, it gives a period. You are a beneficiary of help and majority of the beneficiary of help, some of us we are beneficiaries, we came from poor families. But you know what, we started paying when we got jobs.   Then the other one on the young people, Agukum, these reports, the majority of the young people are in the villages. Those people that they call haslas are in the villages and this report is for the haslas. You know why? This report provides that in every ward there shall be incubation centers. In every ward, there shall be fund that is catering for industrialization and for provision of the socio-economic rights in article 43 that we have been missing for a very long time. And therefore, there is creation of job at the world level that will stop urban migration. And you see, the haslas may disagree. We are talking about the youths. Not the real haslas, maybe the fake haslas. How can the youths be actually involved in this? Are they involved? Let me quote the deputy president William Brute. He said, the real problem is that these young people are jobless. Now, you see, let me start by answering your earlier question. The current constitution 2010 was passed by 67% of Kenyans. That means that 33% of Kenyans rejected it. That means they had a reason for rejecting it. And that is why we are having this conversation. To try to understand why the 33% of the Kenyans rejected it. Now, this BBI report may not be the perfect answer to that, but certainly it is going to be an improvement to that. Hopefully we will have now the number, another percentage increasing to 70 or 80. Now, how will it directly benefit Mwana inchi wakaweida? There are many ways. Now, and even before I go to that. Remember, people think that this thing is about the referendum. It is not. The referendum, there are only a few questions that will go to the referendum. A number of these things will go to parliament. Those who don't agree with them, if these things come to parliament and they are in parliament, they have the time and the opportunity there to discuss it and change. Some of them are policy, will involve some policy change. Some of them will be operational, just change at operational level. Administrative level. After you done with your point, maybe you can attach it to the part of the BBI document that you like. What is it that you feel that impressed you and what is it that you feel needs to be added because you said it's a work in progress. I said that people should be happy about this condition and probably because it will answer the question of joblessness. It's because it relaxes room for doing business. It relaxes the business environment. For example, one of them is a business that is to be registered today after this thing is passed by Ayut. We will not pay tax for 7 years. Correct. A business that starts today under the current arrangement, you start today and tomorrow you will have a lot of bills to pay to the government. Recently there was a case of some lady who was trying to sell water and for her to go into that water, this water, bottling water, refilling business, she had almost a million Kenya shillings to pay in terms of different levies, different taxes, different whatever. But now this one is saying that if you pass this, then such people will have to commence their businesses if they are youth and do it for 7 years without paying any tax. If you are able to do business without paying tax, it means you are able to engage other people, employ people here and there. And so jobs will be there. Again, we just talked about young people graduating from the universities. You have 7, rather 4 years to start repaying your loan. Even if you got some job today, even if you graduate today and the next 4 years you are still jobless, you are not being hounded by help to start paying. And there is no interest that comes in. And then there is the youth commission that we have talked about that will centralize all problems that the youth are facing under a constitutional commission.


Now, we will see some general red flags in therapeutic relationship. Need to enhance one's own self-esteem. This is very important that relying on client's presence or to praise, to evaluate how you feel about yourself is something which is oftenly seen by the therapist that they tend to see that how the client is going to praise them. So, this reflects a very low self-esteem of a professional because we do not have to boost our self-esteem from someone's praise, in fact, we have to boost the client's self-esteem from our therapeutic practice. Believing that you are the only therapist who can help a particular client. Some people think that only those experts who can help the client, this also comes into a very bad kind of self-esteem that you assume that no one else is better than you. Then, indulging in rescue fantasies. This kind of fantasy of thinking that this situation will become troublesome. I will help the client in this way. For example, when we talk about daydreaming, rescue fantasies are that a mental health professional keeps thinking that if I get a call, an individual has done a self-harm, a societal attempt, I will help him in this way, I will follow this plan for him. So, thinking about these kinds of things, these fake fantasies are also a red flag. Then promising a client that you will be his or her savior. You cannot be anyone's savior, you can only be a torch bearer. And it is very important to understand this, that we do not give any impression to the client that he becomes life-long dependent on a therapist. Feeling entitled to all the credit when a client improves, especially if a marked achievement is attained while under your care. If the client is behaving very well and improving as a result of any treatment, his symptoms are already getting better, then all the credit should not be taken by himself because in this, the family support, the client's willingness, and the rest of the factors are also contributing, then only taking your own credit will be unethical. Then expecting the client to fulfill your personal and social needs. Sometimes, thinking about such things that I can take someone's favour from a client, if he is from a good financial background, he is from a business family, I can take a part in his business, I can take a franchise, or I can take a loan from him. Planning such things and making a client your client is also a red flag. Then viewing one or more clients as among the central people in your life. Then simultaneously, if you start viewing those clients who can give you any kind of benefit, then understanding a central person of your life and thinking about them in your life is also a red flag. Because when we talk about the concepts of encounter transference in psychology, they all are basically based on these very values and principles in which a professional does not value the client in his life with whom he will create a personal relationship. Then fear of being rejected or client terminating therapy for financial and other reasons.  For everything, you have to seek approval from me, you have to share your worries and stress with me. Basically, a therapist always makes a co-therapist at home. And the family leads it towards adjustment in life. But if the therapist keeps all the roles with him, then he basically undermines his autonomy. Then experiencing a feeling of dread on sensing that a client may decide to quit therapy. And it becomes difficult to think that a client, if he will end therapy, he will recover and leave, then what will the therapist do? So these all are unhealthy practices. Then resisting the process of terminating a client, despite clinical indicators says that termination is appropriate. That is, the therapy is complete, termination is due, it is needed, but still prolong it just because you don't want the client to leave.  So these are all the things that are unethical, they are counted as dead tags. Frequently allowing therapy sessions to go over the allotted time. That is, one hour session or 45 minutes session, but it is given more time than necessary, so this will be an unethical, professionally damaging way. Then negative feelings towards a client disapproving a non-compliant client. If a client is not complying with your instructions, disapproving it, giving negative feelings, delaying his appointments, if he is not thanking you or praising you, delaying his appointments, then feeling put off by a client for strongly resembling someone else whom you fear or detest. And last but not the least is that you don't like a client just because they don't like to see it, or you miss someone else, you feel that he resembles someone who is being once feared by yourself or something like that. So on the basis of your personal liking or disliking, disapproving a client and keeping that derogatory attitude with them are also red flags. Then general red flags are allowing a problematic relationship with a colleague to faster and accelerate. This is very important to understand that we cannot make a personal connection with any client because this is the biggest offense. Because it is a professional relationship and we cannot give it a personal touch. Being ignorant and misinformed with regard to the ethical expectations and standards of your profession and resources in your community in case of emergency, then being so ignorant that you don't know in case of emergency which sources can help provide that information to the community, and not give it proper information. As we must have seen, it is very clearly stated that if there are terrorist activities, then contact this number. If you want to do it for rescue, then do it for police, then do it for this. If there is an issue for COVID, then do it for this. So all these things should be on the tips of a therapist, and all the resources in your community should be their full knowledge. Then feeling uncomfortable discussing looming red flags that pertain to you with a trusted colleague for fear of being negatively judged. Now, as a therapist, he gets to know which red flags he is crossing and inappropriately behaving. After that, keep in mind that he should not discuss this problem with any colleague, assuming that he will be judged or people will misunderstand him. So in fact, last but not least is important that you are doing an unethical act and after that you are hiding him and you don't want to let others to know that you are crossing those red flags.


study to develop Federal regulations, right? That's completely outside of the scope of their expertise I will say that this is paul. I think mentioned it very quickly. This is phase two Phase one We are about to publish on our website and they don't necessarily go together directly But they do complement each other and phase one was a desktop resource evaluation Of all of the known critical minerals and hard minerals within US federal waters They did also include the extended OCS Even though they didn't have to in the beginning. So we have a really nice comprehensive report Which will be available for the public to take a look at it probably within the week or so So that's Overview on this one if anyone has specific questions on this as we roll along and be happy to answer what I can answer Okay, so in summary the previous slide focused more on the studies aspect This slide this project focused more on the assessment Side Next slide, please There's only like a one or two slides left. So you're almost done with me Okay, some additional research possibilities Uh So the marine minerals resources research act from 1996 Was well was passed in 1996. It's congressionally Mandated but not fully funded. The goal of that mm r r a Resort, I'll just call it the research act was to provide to Gather information about marine mineral resources in an environmentally responsible manner In order to do that Three marine mineral technology centers were opened University of mississippi, which was focused on continental shelf regions. So these are I imagine, you know A lab, right? So a room within a department at a university So university of mississippi focused on the continental shelf Which makes sense given the, you know oil and gas component and the gulf and the proximity of the new miss University of hawaii at minoa Focused on deep seabeds and nearshore island environs and University of alaska fairbanks was focused on the arctic and cold water regions in general Those are closed at this point. So they were open for a bit. They did some work some more than others, but you know funding basically caused those to close that being said The law still in place and the law apparently gives us grant authority for research and development related grant authority, which is We the boom doesn't typically exercise related to marine mineral resources and associated environmental aspects So We're thinking This would be worth looking into um, it would give us some Some ways of working with partners that are more difficult through the traditional competitive contracting things like that um But we need to you know Figure out the thread the needle on this because uh developing a new procurement method and convincing Uh, you know the the people that do procurement to actually implement it is uh can be challenging um I I think yeah, so stay tuned for that But that could be a an avenue for us Next slide please Okay, uh, and I believe this is the last slide and these were some primer questions on you know to to Divide food for thought for discussion, uh, although I'm not sure they're really necessary. There's probably already a lot of that so I'll wrap it up there and you know happy to take questions or anything like that All right, paul. Thank you very much. Um Yeah, it's a and it's a good uh Good spread of questions too. So we'll put it to the committee if they can Take a shot at any of the questions or have questions of their their own dan you're uh You're up I was waiting for an entree to talk about marine mammals You you have uh the issue of deep diving whales and I would say that the deepest dive is on the order of 2000 meters and it's most of them are working around a thousand meters and anything beyond that is is pretty occasional so, I mean that's a starting point and The the other thing I was going to say about the whales is There's an increasing understanding of whale falls as island as islands of resources that that concentrate things on the deep ocean floor And that's an interesting ecological component But the other thing I I'm thinking about is if you guys are doing these broad Surveys of large swaths of the ocean It's a great opportunity to see how common these whale falls might actually be And one of the arguments is because of the whaling the historical whaling the whale populations are depleted and we've significantly reduced those islands Resort that resource of whale falls as islands to hopscotch across the the bottom would be interesting To have some you know, if you guys are doing a large-scale survey where you're just looking at the bottom It would be interesting to see how often or if you even see whale falls Yeah, this is Katrin Um, so we are going with a biology route here and picking the other one of that of that block there authentic Animals or organisms Jack and I were actually just sort of whispering in the background here One of the things that's also we just talked edna as probably a very powerful tool But edna only works as well as the library you have to compare your sequences against so I think actually that the deep sea and particularly the hydrothermal vent community Was very groundbreaking and and using genetic tools and whatever But I think it's really important to make sure that you have a good meta barcoding library So that edna can become that powerful tool that it can be If you know what you're comparing it to so That's also maybe one priority to create that library so that in the future, you know, you you know what you're looking at Thanks. Yeah, so I I think for example, I think a lot of the escanava samples are being processed by amanda demopolis and it I'm pretty sure part of that process includes edna barcoding and I believe That some of those samples are then sent to the smithsonian to the bone funded repository there Do we also gather edna there or or publish that or is that separate if that makes sense? I Actually what I get what I'd say I think this is a great point we're and we are We're keenly interested in expanding the use of edna and we're linking it to a number of our studies and actually it's it's pretty clear isn't it that You know like deep-seated ad mining and actually dredging of minerals in general is like a great opportunity to take samples on that The one I'm not sure about you get me thinking is that you know, you It's becoming much easier to sequence more DNA than in the past and and And DNA sequences have long been sent to gen bank and I actually I haven't thought about the connection there, but it's something worth thinking about that we as part of our research funding we Then would require sampling and some The edna samples basically a parcel of water and you analyze the dispersed Fragmental DNA in there But what I was talking about is the meta genome part Barcoding where you actually sample a piece of an organism and you identify it and then you match a sequence with a name And then you can match that edna Sequence to that So it's a multi-step process, but maybe you're doing this all this already. I I just Yeah, well, I think we are familiar with that I'm not sure we're systematically Doing what you're suggesting. It's probably a good idea and our role would not be to you know support the maintenance long term of a of a data bank for You know barred coding like the Smithsonian's doing but we can I mean, I think we certainly can and appreciate your suggesting it Sort of you know in a way that's really efficient contribute to that There's one more thing the reason why this is also important I mean edna even if you don't know what it what it is you can't match it to something It will still tell you something about the diversity in the system But I think this is also or these are systems where there is a very high Um potential of new species and things like this. So you don't want to miss that opportunity, right? I less Kauffman Boston University. Um, I remembered. Oh, yeah, I'm no brown. Excuse me Along those same lines though We're experiencing a massive accumulation of sequence data in the absence of systematists And it would be really important not just to take pieces of organisms but to take organisms and have People supported who actually studied them as organisms Not as nucleic acid And this is an enormous opportunity, but we have to make sure that the people are there to do the work So I mean, you're you're preaching to my heart and my past experience as a museum director and yeah but So every so what less that is clearly correct. But again, you have to realize our Our our budget is limited. So there's we can hire people and we can do We can you know, we can use the studies program to support people who are systematists, but they're but we're It's kind of limited It's a dwindling pool There was also some chat comments that there seems to be quite a bit of ongoing work with the smithsonian. So that's great And the us Yeah, we all noted we we uh, we've been long supporting uh actually the maintenance of the collection of Of organisms some deep in the sea they are principally worms of one kind or the other but some of them are very attractive worms And uh, and then we're linking that to the you know, the the the frozen collection and uh, and and barcoding work Sorry, this is rodney collect I just add to that just for a second You know, we uh, we have been working with the smithsonian natural history museum for some time There was a About diversity summit not that long ago at the natural history museum as well. And I really think that You know, uh, they're expanding their freezers collections. They're taking all these samples. They're adding more staff.  It's usgs You know, it's it's other agencies navy what was involved as well I think people really understand the importance of this and what it can lead to And uh, from what I understand our long-term 40 year relationship with the invertebrate group there Is it will will continue to grow and expand I think there an agreement as we are too Thanks And there's at least one cute organism down there Karen c cucumber Karen asked you um edna is great for diversity, but we can't forget you have to ask the right question because it doesn't tell you anything about abundance And so you're not going to know how many are there it also doesn't tell you what life stages they are so if you have An area that's being recolonized you might earlier life forms stages you if you're if it's actively being recolonized or maybe you're getting the It's called the uh The larvae in the water rather than the Cecil form from the edna You're not going to know that by just looking at edna and so You could be looking at an area that Has just a few of the same diversity of organisms that you had in the past And it isn't recovering or you could be looking at an area that is recovering So you need more more than just edna it compliments other approaches and you have to ask the right questions It is not the God's gift to the to everything so don't forget that Hey, so I just want to point out when we're looking at nodules on the deep seabed um Okay, so we don't have much money to do that but We need to be fairly close in order to see them on geophysical data So one of the things I am trying to incorporate into our work related to that is always to gather imagery video footage because if you're running an auv along the seabed Doing g and g five meters up. It isn't that hard to strap a gopro or a more expensive gopro that can work three miles deep To gather geo reference data that you can then use for For some of that taxonomic Work, I understand a little the large things and not for the info anything in the sediment So you're just seeing stuff that's sitting on the surface and there's probably a limit to how Small a thing you're going to be able to see and so You know the diversity in the deep sea is much greater than just the macrophon I I was struck by the You know when you were we were talking about the nodules and and the the harvesting that was done back in the 1970s and that you can still see the line there so earlier in the meeting we we we talked about the environmental impact And in the in the nearshore and in the sand where it seemed to be Uh very very limited in time, you know through through four months and it was Backwards here you're dealing with completely the opposite problem and you've got something that's Lasting 50 or 60 60 years So it's it's going to take, you know right within your Kind of group it's going to take two completely different ways of looking at the environmental impact right and I mean deep sea mining right or nodule recovery You're mining. I mean that is the impact right there's there's no way around it. You're removing the nodules So you're altering the habitat those nodules those tracks are going to be there pretty much permanently Because nodules take millions of years to reform and right now usgs is you know studying Growth and others are studying the growth rates of the nodules specifically out at blake There's a lot of good paleoclimactic information in those slowly accreting layers Tell you about the you know ancient climate regime things like that But yeah, there's no way around the the fact that you're removing A hard substrate from the seabed, you know, we're aware of that so From an agency perspective one of the you know one of the Areas we need to look at is what what can we do to mitigate that you can't remove the nodule? But you can't not remove the nodule if you're trying to remove the nodule, right? So do we replace it with something? Do we have set-aside areas? Do we only allow every other nodule to be picked up using some of these lower impact methods? That sort of thing and what's the what's the impact and that's part of what this blake plateau study will look at Is the biodiversity the in fauna the the benthic forams all that sort of thing within the tracks And adjacent little piles along the tracks versus the areas outside of the mined area Is there really a difference? Well, obviously there will be but what is that difference and how can that be mitigated or managed? You know responsibly so Yeah, Dan cost again. You guys have a I mean, I'm thinking about the role of passive acoustics and some on some of these Areas that you know, you're going to be looking at for a period of time and you guys have a acoustics Center has that been put into this year? I assume you're already thinking about that Probably won't mean to answer that But you can if you want to The answer is I think no at this point. Uh, but it's an interesting Thing to think about actually I'd like to hear more and and uh, but we you know, we've uh, we focused heavily on Uh, originally sort of seismic survey type issues for oil and gas and now almost all the focus is on offshore wind which is taking up everyone's time right now, but you know the concept is Can I ask you so what do you think what do you think we should look for? Well pacific, I mean both I mean the soundscape is an important baseline and you mentioned that some of these Mechanisms are going to be noisier than others. So it's the added noise to the environment, but it's also the the soundscapes tell you a lot about what's there at least what's making noise and so Obviously it has to be things that are making noise for you to hear them, but there are a lot of things that That are the big I mean a lot of the deep diving whales are making noise Using both sonar which is challenging because it's high frequency Which means that need a lot of bandwidth to to to bring in to archive those data The the other thing that's interesting is that there has been an initiative to instrument deep-sea cables the telecommission cables with acoustic receivers With you know, the idea is it wouldn't take that much more effort since you're already laying these cables to put these sensors out And if that happens I don't know the status of that, but that would give a tremendous ability to take in Soundscapes of the deep ocean because those things as you know are going everywhere It would also be a tremendous amount of data coming through that would you'd need automated systems to to characterize, but You know, there's fish that makes noise. There's there's I doubt that there's dawn and dusk choruses in the deep ocean, but you know, I there are there might be some sort of patterning to the acoustic environment and and I don't even know what's how much has been done in the deep ocean for these acoustics Um, I'll point out we did purchase a couple shallow water hydrophones recently that we plan to deploy on Most of the upcoming work, but just on a very limited surface basis Just under the concept of if we're on the ship. What can we bring? Well, if we can't bring anything else We can bring a couple hydrophones and at least gather some data in a really remote area that no one else is going to I don't know how useful the data will be. I'm not an acoustician, but I imagine something's better than nothing Uh, you know, we can't strap it to an rov going down 6 000 meters. It's kind of out of our budget Those tend to cost more Laurie It's probably easy to collect the data. It's it's another thing to analyze it and it takes some fairly sophisticated approaches to actually Work with the data sets because they're large and it's and it's it also depends on what you're looking for but Getting it's the first step. Yeah, ultimately. I think we'd want to work with partners on that or or the CMA Just quickly because I admit it's a follow-up really So, I mean, it's very interesting, but I did mention it yesterday, but maybe to note we And I'm sure Dan does it were very involved in In an effort to deploy a whole grid on the in the Atlantic for passive passive acoustic monitoring that relates to offshore wind and actually the Erica Statterman who's our scientist It's leading it is she did her phd on fish noise, you know, the sea So this would be music to her ears and we are We have an alternative to a direct regulatory requirement of monitoring by the companies that we are developing and I'm optimistic will adopt where I where the companies will have have the option of contributing funds to our studies program and then we would pool the funds with a sophisticated manager of the system to deploy instruments and to make sure that and so instead of having a patchwork of just some hydrophones on leases that less leases establish we could have a Not a deep sea Array but in a very large array that really would have us understand things broadly there and the quick answer probably is that Uh, that's so much further ahead in terms of development that yeah I think uh lorry and then deb Hi, this lorry summa. I just have a quick question about lithium You mentioned lithium brines at the seafloor but there's a tremendous amount of commercial interest onshore and subsurface lithium brines and I just wonder if you expect that activity to ramp up offshore and whether you need to be involved in assessment of those offshore subsurface brines That was one of the the spurs for the salt brines project In deep water that we're talking about was you know, argentina basically filters salt brine rich water Through a set of filters to pull the lithium out, right? It's a lot like remediating a gas station for petroleum same concepts So what we're focused what i'm focused on with this particular project Which is managed out of the gulf for salt brines is just assessing what the composition of the salt brine is There's so little information on that it's kind of an oversight People measure the salinity, but they don't actually measure what's in the salt. It's more than just sodium and chloride In the gulf those salts Forgive me. I'm not an oil and gas geologist But I think those salts are tied to the luan salt layer which you know form some of those salt domes for the the Oil reserves things like that So there's likely to be more than just salt and chloride in the water or in that In that brine Some of these pools are quite deep And you know extensive on the surface So there could be a significant volume of for example lithium in there Because they aren't really biologically rich As far as i'm aware of, you know, it's a very very high salt environment If a method could be developed of pumping the pumping the water up removing the salt The lithium and pumping the rest of the salty water back down Um Well, that seems like a relatively low impact method of recovering salt points. So Does that answer your question? Yeah, I was thinking about the the subsurface brines as well But characterizing the sea floor brines is certainly a good first step to understanding the subsurface brine Yeah, yeah, I mean i'm i'm aware of you know lithium brines like out in nevada and places like that, but you know, it's definitely outside of bone's authority. So But we keep track of that because there's you know, we have to look at terrestrial Analogs and also from an environmental aspect. It's you know, you need that for that cost benefit terrestrial mining versus activities on the deep sea Thanks Deb looks in national academies So going back to a comment that dan made about data collection versus data analysis There's a tremendous amount of video taken near hydrothermal vents and on the abyssal sea floor From things like alvin for the last 40 years much of which has never really been analyzed for Anything other than the specific use that it was there for at that time, you know looking at A specific thing is there any way to think about working with other agencies to try to analyze some of that old data That's probably archived and not being used I think that's definitely worthwhile A few years ago. I was at usgs and we were looking at Video footage from I forget to name the pipeline, but it was a pipeline from louisiana across the west florida shelf into tampa bay And basically that was you know sitting there with videotapes and documenting the organisms you saw Foot by foot along along the video transact So there's definitely value in that of course, it's expensive but with you know and bone's roll might not be to Well, I don't know. I'm being hypothetical here, but maybe our approach Better might be to fund research into ways to automate that process You don't need a bunch of grad students staring at a video screen documenting tube arms That could be done with you know machine learning algorithms things like that I I tend to I always think you need grad students staring at Well, maybe a little bit Yeah, follow up Dan cost again M. Bari has made a lot of progress in that area. I mean for years they It was amazing. They would visually they'd have people scan their videos from the ROV's There's a couple of folks that are developing some very sophisticated sophisticated AI methods of looking at deep-sea benthic critters and and automatically identifying them and at the very least Calling them out that says you should look at this but to have my last They just gave a presentation a month or so ago that I was at and it was quite amazing How far that technology and how far it's advanced and and I'm pretty sure the and barry folks are on the leading edge of that I think we have drew remson in our environmental program. I think used to work on that sort of Flow through rapid machine learning pattern recognition stuff too So, yeah, that's I mean some interest to us, but two million dollars, right? So it's like how do we spend the money best? Yeah, and we're we're doing a using objective identification AI for From he was looking at images from birds and marine mammals to invite us doing it and and I I have the same reaction that that This could be an interesting AI type question, you know So we're almost out of time Okay A couple of quickies one paul Um I'm naive about this, but what's the story with methyl clathrates? And is there any danger of disturbing them or releasing carbon in the process of deep sea mining? And then I have another question after that quickly So I don't know Okay, I don't that's as simple as I know what they are And I know the you know the danger of disturbing them and the methane release Creating explosions all that sort of thing But honestly, I I don't know what the intersection is between nodules specifically and methyl clatter It's like if they they occur in the same areas that sort of thing But that might be a hazard that we would need to you know map out as part of leasing And the other thing is just a quick recommendation I'm in order to fully understand the significance of biodiversity in the nodule fields It might be good to encourage Uh People doing studies to sidle up onto island slopes and seamounts Because we really don't know What's going on there or what the general context of biodiversity is we've been I've peripherally involved in exploring Kirbos And we we keep finding new things on the island slope that extend on to the abyssal plan All right last last comment to Well, Lori was oh, okay This is actually a little outside, but I thought I would share it that on cnn this morning I was reading a new article that was Basically the tidalist deep sea expedition captured stunning images of preachers in the pacific mining zone and it is in the Now the clarion clipperton zone and it's um, they just found a bunch of things I mean actually you always do and so this whole idea of mining versus biodiversity and everything I just wanted to alert people that there's a new paper or a new article out Thank I think with that we'll have to wrap it up, but thank you everyone. It's been a great great meeting I I did a calculation. It seems like there's for your your program There's one dollar for every 1,280 acres. Is that I think it's like a tenth of a cent tenth of a cent per acre Yeah Yeah, so that definitely could use a little more funds given how critical critical minerals are and so so But uh before we break I like thank you everyone for their their participation. They're open and honest Conversations, I'd like to particularly thank the national academy of science staff Jonathan Zoe Deb Caroline online for for supporting us and giving us such a great meeting and It was just a pleasure and so we'll we'll see you later later this afternoon for hopefully a conversation of beverage and some food. Hey and With that, I I guess we'll break for lunch. Thank you very much