And today's session, my friends, is all about practicing. Forget about artificial intelligence, forget about technology. Really, the focus today I want is on practicing. Especially when we want to deliver something important at work, or maybe even at an event, you have been asked to say a few words. For me, practices like Mark Twain said, it takes at least three weeks to prepare an impromptu speech. So imagine how much we need to practice when we want to deliver something much more important. I practice in front of the mirror. I practice when I'm driving in my car.  And I get feedback in all three cases. For example, when I practice in front of the mirror, it is self-evaluation. Since I am the author and the critic, I am biased. I will always say, wow, that's great. You have done an amazing job. When I'm practicing in the car, I get feedback from the other motorists who look at me strangely. What is this guy doing in his car? When I practice in front of my wife, the feedback I get depends on many parameters. As she had a good cup of tea with the right amount of milk and sugar, I'll get good feedback. Is she upset with me because I forgot her birthday once 20 years ago? The feedback would be perhaps more challenging. But in all these three cases, I get feedback. And if you ask me, the feedback that I truly appreciate is the one given by my wife because she cares about me and wants to make sure that I succeed. But what if you could get feedback anytime of the day or night 24 by 7? And that is the topic of dispercussion. That is to get feedback for the things that you practice. So again, the focus here is on practicing to deliver something. And you could get feedback from different people, your mentors, your coaches, but also an additional tool in your arsenal of improving your public speaking skills. Don't think of what I'm saying today as a replacement of what we already have, the human connections, wherever possible, our feedback should be always from a human that we trust and we aspire to be. My name is Kajitin Pareto. So we are going to talk about how we can make use of artificial intelligence in a public speaking development. So Udli is an AI, artificial intelligence powered speech coach. So think of it as, as I said, an additional tool in your arsenal to improve your communication skills. Now who better to explain a little bit more about that than the founder of Udli. So let me share a small video clip that was provided to me by Varun Puri, who founded this along with his partner Isha. Hi, everyone. My name is Varun. I'm one of the founders of Udli.  A big thank you to members of District 124, to Dr. Gayathri Deshmukh, and especially to Kajitin, our champion Udli ambassador for facilitating the session.   Duolingo has done this to language learning, and Grammarly has done this to writing. The goal behind Udli is to give you judgment free feedback on the way you speak, anytime you speak. Kajitin is an expert Udli ambassador and our champion across the Middle East. You are in excellent hands as you get started with this session. Happy speaking. So that was Varun Puri. I had asked him to record a short message for all of us here, just to give his vision about what Udli is all about. And I'm going to expand on this topic for the rest of the session. So Udli, as of now, first of all, is completely free. So those of you who are in this room, please sign up and at least experiment with it.  So you could click on this and it will take you to Udli. You can, of course, access Udli outside of Toastmasters. If you are not a Toastmaster, also you can use it. There is a small difference between the Udli that is used by Toastmasters and the Udli that I will demonstrate here. But generally, they are there to help us to improve our public speaking. Once you sign up for Udli, the first thing I suggest you all do is have a look at the courses that are available. All these courses are free. There is a course from Founder himself. So he has a course on the fundamentals of public speaking. Half an hour is what you need to spend on it. And there are other courses by famous coaches and public speakers. Isha is the co-founder of Udli. So you could go through her course where she gives you tips on interviews. But other than that, there is this whole set of speeches by famous personalities. And one thing you will notice is, for example, if you take up the speech by Zendaya, she is a famous actress, very young. Let me click on that speech. And the first thing you will see is that you will get the speech here and then transcript. The transcript is the AI system automatically detecting what you have spoken and converting that into words. You can see all the filler words and you can, of course, listen to the speech. Once you check the transcript, what you can do is you can look at the coach comments. The coach comments is the AI trying to figure out what is it that you spoke. It creates a summary of your key takeaways. Also, it will suggest one or two places that you can rephrase the paragraph. So in this case, the entire paragraph has been rephrased. And you could use that if you wish and incorporate it into your speech. It highlights your filler word usage. It highlights some weak phrases. And then on the right hand side, so here the word choices are highlighted. What are the top keywords? And the good thing about it is that if you want to identify this word and N, so it's a repetition, all you have to do is go to the speech and click on this button and it will play that segment. So you can see and N has been spoken. You can see there is a high usage of filler words, 20 fillers, seven percent. Also, you can look at the delivery, 201 words per minute. That's high speed. So the suggestion would be to speak at a lower rate. So that is how you can make use of Udly. But what about us practicing our own speech? Because that's what we are here for. So here we have what we call the library. These are all the speeches that I have either recorded or uploaded, or in this case, a Zoom meeting. If you just want to quickly record a speech, what Udly has to say about it, you can simply click on the record button and you can click record a speech. Open up a window. All you have to do is hit the start button. Once it says zero, you start speaking. Start with a good opening. Start talking about your core message of your speech. Call for action. And when you're done, click the stop button and then click on save recording. If you wait for around 20, 30 seconds, it will process your speech. It will give you the transcript. It will give you the coaches comments. Let's come to it a bit later on. Let me go to this library. So it is still processing here. So this is the first option. That is, you simply click on record and you can record a speech and it will give you the analytics after a minute or so. If you have recorded previously a speech and you have it on your computer, you can upload it here. And this is what I did when Varun sent me his speech. I clicked on the upload button and then I could browse the files where I have stored it on my computer and then I uploaded it. And that is what you see here. Let's get to the library and open up our meeting that I have recorded from the beginning. Udelay Udelay Udelay Meeting. Now this is a very interesting feature. What it has done is it has recorded a Zoom meeting and how it has done it. Before I go through this, I want to show you how it has done it. If you notice on the left hand side, there is something called Udelay for Zoom. If you're holding a Zoom meeting, as of now, Udelay only works for Zoom. If you use Microsoft Teams, this will not work. But if you're using Udelay for Zoom, what you would do is you can come here and in this, paste the link of your Zoom meeting. Click on it and say invite bot. That's like a person who has joined this meeting and it is recording this session. As of now, it can record maximum one hour, but you can also stop it by clicking on stop recording and it will disappear from the meeting. And what it does is it captures that conversation from the time it entered the meeting room till the time it exited and it can do that analytics on it. And that's what I'm going to do now for the first hour of our meeting. First of all, let us look at some of the feedback that it has given us. Now this is for the entire meeting, you must understand. So the use of filler words, it has been used 16 times. So we should use less of them. It identifies the weak word usages, repeated sentence starters. Somebody has used so much six times. If I go to the transcript, again, we can look at the transcript, we can try and understand whether our words were understood and they were clear to the AI. And from what I can see here, we have done an excellent job. When we are assessing a Zoom meeting, one of the things I like to go through and it is available only if you record a Zoom meeting is this option called listening. It highlights to us who is really taken part in this meeting. And each person here as you can see has been color coded. So this gives you an assessment of the engagement level in your meeting. The next thing you can of course do is you can select an individual person from this meeting. Let's say our speaker Kaushik and then I get the analytics only for that person. What else can we do? There is a fun section here, gamify the whole process of becoming better at public speaking by playing games. So there are as of now three different games that you can play. No filler game. There is a spinner yarn and there is a metaphor game. Just click on start playing. And the whole objective is to speak for at least one minute without the use of filler words. You keep playing till you get that high score and you great. So I think I'm done now. I hope you found this session useful. I want to stress. Udli is not here to replace humans, at least from as an ambassador. Look at it as something that will supplement what we are already doing. But it helps you to do practice in a safe space without judgment. The feedback is visible only to you.


So you use a proprietary operating system like Windows, Mac, Chrome OS, but you're thinking about giving Linux a try, but you're not sure if it's right for you. Well, let me ask you a question. Do you want an operating system that is a tool? It's highly configurable, highly flexible. You can do whatever you want with it. It respects your privacy, respect your security, or do you want an operating system that's more of a toy, but really it's a toy in disguise. It's really designed to spy on you. It's monitoring your keystrokes. It's monitoring your microphone and camera. It's always watching, always listening. It's always connected to the internet. It's essentially a cloud operating system. It wants to pull you down into the toxic hate machine that is the internet, right? And it's essentially Facebook OS, right? Or Twitter OS, if you want to think of it that way. It wants to pull you down into the mud with all of that, and it wants to basically use you, right? You don't use the operating system. It uses you. If you love that kind of operating system, then by all means use Windows, Mac, Chrome OS. If you want something more from an operating system, give Linux a try. Peace, guys.


So while Andy is getting mic'd up, I'll tell you the story from how this happened. I'm involved in DevConf because I'm very passionate about open hardware and I know nothing about hardware so I thought I'll organize a conference and learn more about it. While sort of organizing this last year I met Andy and his crew, including Steve McIntyre and B Dale and Mad Dog I think I also attended their talks and that was my first introduction to it. This year when Andy came on Saturday we did a beer trip I guess it went to Brewery. It was awesome. So this is just between Botchever and Hermanus and the brewery is called Hoenenklipp and the guy brewing it is Mark Tamors-Taysen. I think you need to come here. B Dale you need to come here. You can take a seat if you want. You can just pitch in whenever you want to. And he runs his brewery online. So we were talking about how do we get involved in open hardware and the easiest way is to start with a project. So I thought well I'm busy building a house let's make a smart home because then you can have hardware and sensors and monitors and everything and that really got Andy annoyed. Do you want to tell us why? I get really annoyed with silos. Do people know what I mean by silos? You should tell. Like blank faces. Various different companies are jumping on this bandwagon which is being marketed as the internet of things and what they're actually doing is they're trying to get you to buy their product and their product alone. And so they have a device, a hub of some description which will only talk to their own devices or devices in their own ecosystem and their club of friends and they tend to stick everything online. It goes into the buzzword the cloud and then two, three, four years later when the little experiment hasn't succeeded they drop the service services in the cloud and you're left holding a bunch of hardware which may or may not continue to work. That's a bit wrong. We've bought the hardware, we expected it to work, we've been sold something and it doesn't. So that's an issue about how open open hardware is isn't it? Well this is why we need open hardware, we need open software is the culprits are not doing this. But then we had this big discussion about what is open when it comes to hardware because hardware has a physical thing associated to it and there was a thing about that software scales exponentially so once you make it available you could really share it but there's always a cost associated with hardware and that creates attention with how open it is. Is that correct? So next time I mean you've been involved in various projects that you've done as open, genuinely if you push your own design out there the reason you've developed it to the first places you've got a particular rich and you want to scratch it.  But in order to get any feedback in order to contribute back into that project typically you're going to end up building hardware which has a physical cost particularly for your experimenting on something that you've never done before and there is also a very long lead time with software you can jump straight in you can hack around a bit if it doesn't work you can blow it away you can try again with hardware it's to start off with that's fine you could sit there on breadboard you can couple a few bits and pieces together you can let the magic blue smoke out of the occasional transistor and vet as you build something. But when you start getting to a system on chip or more and more highly integrated devices then you're putting them on quite a complicated PCB and the lead time so that PCB manufacturing is quite hard. So yeah you need to be working together as a group and that got us to the what actually is open is it open if you just put your circuit diagram. Yeah there's a bunch of different ways to think about this right because on one level you know I've been really excited over the last few years with the explosion of you know sort of maker projects people publishing information on the hackaday or wherever else about something that they did that they thought was interesting they thought was cool. The problem of course is that a lot of these are somebody's first attempt ever to do something like this and so on one hand it's really exciting to see them getting excited and learning how to use some sort of building block bits and pieces but a lot of the things that people come up with are very very far away from something that you would want to reproduce on mass either because it's not an efficient way to do it for many copies or because there's something flaky about it that they're willing to deal with in their environment but which people who you know are not as passionate about the making of the thing might not be willing to tolerate. Potentially we've got a series of standards and localised legislation you have to comply with. And the hacker ethic and the maker culture have always been sort of tied up in figuring out how to use what's easily available to you to do something that maybe the people who design those bits didn't originally envision and while that's really really cool it doesn't always scale very well. And so in my experience the thing that people end up sort of stumbling with is how do you go from something that's easy to do in a one-off kind of way to something that you could replicate in a way that would be you know very broadly applicable and lots of people could take advantage of. In fact with the avionics stuff that Keith and I work on the thing that I think has caused us to be successful selling rocket avionics boards is that the stuff we build is actually pretty complicated to make physically. It's you know very fine took surface mount technology and that's not nearly as scary as a lot of folks think it is but to do them and sort of have them be reliable does take a certain amount of experimentation and expertise. And those circuit boards themselves I mean they're not it's got to the point where realistically you're not going to build those yourself you're going to send that away to a third-party company to manufacture. But even more importantly the average person playing around with high-power rocketry has something else that's their primary focus. For Keith and for me it's really rocketry these days is a lot about the electronics and the telemetry and the kind of data we can collect and the ways we can help other people particularly students being able to do cool things that they couldn't do otherwise but we have a lot of friends who are really good at making propellant and their thing is all about changing the chemistry of the propellant and they almost would like for somebody else to build the rocket and they certainly don't want to have to design and build circuit boards. And you've got the hobby flyers too wants to buy an airframe and buy the kit by the propellant from somebody else so you've got the makings of a complete community. Right so the the place that this gets really hard though so you know you talk about smart home things you're absolutely right that every major company out there that would like to play in that consumer space wants to figure out the thing that's going to cause their products to be sticky and desirable to customers. And a lot of times that means that if they had their preference they would build everything with some sort of proprietary local protocol and they would gateway to the internet at one place. There are a couple of working groups that the Linux Foundation now that are trying to fight against that and trying to build industry consensus on standardizing some of these protocols. And if you really care about that stuff at the sort of trying to shape the way the market works level those would be good places to go get involved and try and drive thinking and behavior. The problem of course is that that's it's sort of a macro industrial level right. And so what do you do yourself well I just finished building a greenhouse for my wife to replace the one we lost in a fire in 2013. And it's got a thermal control system and shockingly that's all done using open hardware and software bits. I did cheat a little bit it's not a hundred percent open because there is a raspberry pie in the middle of it and that still has one little binary blob I believe. But you know the control algorithm is about a page of Python that I cobbled together from bits and pieces. The sensors are simple things that are tacked on to GPIO lines the controls are a couple of cheap Chinese solid state relays that I bought through Amazon. And you know there's a fan and electrically operated louvers to open vents and a four kilowatt electric heater sitting in the middle of it. So and the really amusing part is I found some lovely temperature and you know humidity and environmental control plotting stuff that was written by somebody in a marijuana grow facility somewhere in Colorado. It's legal now and there's this whole sub community of people sort of encouraging each other to build more robust infrastructure for growing better marijuana. So I really was just amused when I found this cute little chunk of code for you know creating web plots of environmental data and that's where it came from. And of course since it is for greenhouse project there's been lots of joking around the family about what my wife's actually growing in there. There are plenty of people who are really good at that in Colorado and frankly I would much rather have components for salsa. So there are poblanos and serranos and all kinds of herbs and tomatoes and yeah it's a it's a it's a salsa greenhouse. So coming back to your the greenhouse. It's totally bespoke. No I bought Dallas DS 18 so look I'm I do electronics for fun and you know I used to do it for a living. And despite Keith's beliefs I am actually capable of writing software myself in kind of time. Well I did this time I'll even show you the code if you want to see it. It's the first time I've written I started with like an empty edit buffer and created like a whole page of Python myself it's kind of exciting. This is how you can tell I'm sort of an executive these days right. But no I mean it's fun because simple temperature sensors one way or temperature sensors somebody else had written a library that talks to those sensors on the pie that was easy. The solid state realized come on people one wiggling a GPIO line how hard can it be. It turns out in Python you know it's another library so whatever but it all works just brilliantly. And it took me in a one afternoon to go from getting hardware all sort of hooked together. And by the way if you're interested yes of course like all of my things that's an open hardware design and this I do actually have a schematic for what I wired up around the pie and I have not bothered pushing it out to my web yet because I was busy off playing with my parents and a good friend doing a rocket start last weekend instead. So this fits in really nicely with what we're talking on Saturday and it came down to that things need to be appropriate for what you're doing like sometimes really simple things with just a page of Python code is really all you need and I think that my wife is so happy with the fact that the greenhouse control system is just working. Look it's not complicated code and I say that in part because I used to write you know factory floor automation code and things like this back in the days of my misspent youth but it really it's not complicated. And if anyone here who's ever looked at Python before would look at and probably laugh at my code but you would immediately see just how simple the problem is we're trying to solve. So yes I think on one level what I would love to see is lots more people encouraged to not get hung up about who they have to go buy stuff from and to realize that some of the things you want to do for yourself you really can do for yourself by yourself and it's actually a lot of fun hacking around with little bits of hardware and software like this. Yeah I mean let the budget police work out. But at the other end of the spectrum I think it's really important for us to realize that there is this huge mechanism involved in turning good ideas into mass produced hardware and the support that's required for someone like you know my mother or your grandmother or whoever to be able to call on Sunday night and get help figuring out why the thing doesn't work and those are the sorts of things that cause you to have to stop and ponder where the threshold is between the stuff that you really want and need to have open versus the stuff that you're willing to let somebody have some mechanism for generating some kind of a revenue stream. So in a team discussion over the year we came up with four things about what it means to be open. This was also after many years. So you know I would like some feedback. It got a bit heated. In more ways than one. So what does it mean to be open? It means to be accessible to be hackable to give a how to manual the hardware to say what they did and how the user could do the same thing. So basically explaining how to. No we were talking about in an absolute perfect ideal world. So in your ideal world if you if you've got something you want to start there's enough information somebody else can pick it up and learn. My answer to that is actually yes. To be open you have to have some kind of documentation even if all it is is an assertion of which open standards you're compliant with or something like that. And see from my perspective schematics and source code are documentation. So yeah. So can we get to schematics. Can I do my point. Just to finish my question about the idea that you can at least try to reproduce something doesn't matter how hard it is. You at least have the ability to get in there and try and to share your design and let other people comment on that design. So reproducibility is certainly one potential attribute of open but it's not actually the attribute that most people care about most of the time. Because most people don't actually want to have to build the thing themselves when it comes to physical hardware. What most people want is the knowledge the sure knowledge the assertion the guarantee that if they spend money buying a piece of hardware that somebody else doesn't have the ability to control when it becomes obsolete. And you know in a perfect world you'd buy a piece of hardware that had a completely open design whose documentation came with schematics and builds material and things like this. You know like Hewlett Packard oscilloscopes used to back in the 1970s 80s. Complete theory of operation in the back so that you could actually repair your own instrumentation. That's a lovely point in history. I'm fortunate to have been around then. The what they really care about is that you know somebody else going out of business doesn't all of a sudden make their home control system stop working. I'll be honest with you the things I worry more about are the the the the recent proliferation of devices that depend upon some piece of cloud infrastructure. That just might just go away. It's like oh well that's really cute and it does this really cool thing and I don't have to put any infrastructure together. I just buy six of these and put them down and hey look and I can point my phone at some random website. Now I can see what's going on in my house. Yeah. I mean never mind the security implications of all of that. OK. And we can talk about that in this group for the whole week I'm sure. But just think about what happens if that company goes belly up and that website goes away. It's not even when the company goes belly up. I mean we've already seen examples of I correct me if I'm wrong. I think it was one of the Google control systems where they no longer support the MOT1 API. So people who have gone and put their heating system their lighting controllers and bits of pieces in the hardware works absolutely fine but the cloud services have gone. And so that is where a standard and industry standard could come in place to secure it. Yeah. Open standards really help in this area because you could then change your cloud infrastructure something else. So again this is where to me the definition of open is complicated because it sort of depends on what you're trying to accomplish. A lot of times what I really care about is making sure that if I think something is cool enough that I'm willing to put some of my hard earned money down that it's not going to somehow become unmaintainable or unsupportable later. That to me is one of the biggest freedom. And in fact this is the thing for those of you who weren't there haven't heard about it. I gave a talk at was it this year. Yes. It was this year at Linux conference Australia about the whole house audio system I built for a new house. And you know I my contractor we're building the house. We told him we wanted him distributed high quality audio through that sort of background audio stuff. And you know music in whichever room you wanted it kind of thing. And they expect a really cool looking system fairly high end ridiculously expensive but irrelevant for this part of the discussion. The feature set was pretty cool. You know it had apps for you know your iOS or Android device order you can use to control it and all this sort of stuff. The problem was being the kind of guy I am. I went and did a little quick due diligence on the manufacturer's website and I couldn't find any documentation about what the con software contents of the system were. I found sort of an owner's manual operators manual. And then I went to the support pages on the website and buried down in there were a couple of screenshots of what the administrative interface to the box looked like. And there were terms in use on the screen that were unique to the way you can figure network filtering in the Linux kernel. So does that come back to your schematics conversation. And so when I looked at this I went oh this this is like a 99.99 something percent probability there's a Linux kernel inside this thing. There's not a single mention the GPL anywhere. Now in theory you know until I actually buy a box from them they're not obligated to provide me anything under the GPL right. So in theory I could maybe have spent a lot of money and bought the product and when it arrived maybe it would have come with source code maybe it would have come with documentation of a written offer or something like this. But my expectation based on the way the rest of the material is crafted is I would spend a lot of money and be really unhappy at the end of the day.  So of course I rebelled. I ended up designing a cute little board that's sort of USB to 30 watt stereo audio and I built up nine of them and mounted them on a strip and put them up on the wall and bought a cheap Chinese power supply which by the way required I buy an equivalently expensive ball bearing fan to make power supply possible to live with at night. I wish you know another nickel spent on the bearings in the fan would have saved me a lot of hassle. And there's actually a little Intel what's the thing called it's one and I don't know what it's called it's the it's one of their little single board computers that uses anatomy that's not the name of it but whatever it's a little Intel architecture based embedded board it's just sitting there running Debian and I'll hack that version of Mopody and my wife's really really happy but here's an example of where even before I purchased it it occurred to me to care about these things and I went and looked and it was not hard for me to you know I didn't get absolute proof that there was a problem but I certainly wasn't left with a warm fuzzy to spend $12,000 on their hardware and in fact I think the hardware cost of my solution even if I'd had to buy the little Intel board would have been on the order of like 200 bucks so yeah but then you had to assemble it and stuff your time yes exactly and for me of course this is this is the hobby part of it right this is why I was saying earlier this is the thing that sort of differentiates those of us here I mean all of us enjoy hacking on stuff or we wouldn't be involved in Debian on some level and I suspect most of you in this room that the little audio boards yes there were some serious electronic design part of that and I will take credit for the fact that that's not something anybody could just go do trivially but there are lots of projects like this where you really could go do a little bit of it but there's a huge distance between I can do this once and make it work for me and what does it take to actually deliver something in industrial volumes Keith and I struggle figuring out how to get an economical production run done of a tiny little thing at thousand unit quantities that just the logistics I mean you get done with the design you have a working prototype and then you have to do the other 90% of the work oh yeah I mean that's my day job so I'm completely aware of that and and so on some level I have sympathy for people who want to find some way to hook you to ensure that once you they spend a lot of money investing and developing all that that they have some way to recoup that investment but that's something that they does not extend as far as you can lock me out of the ability to have control over the life cycle of that in my own use and to me that's the really important thing is do I or does someone else control what the life cycle is this is going to be so you one of the things we said was documentation we said you know a schematic is a good start point and knowledge of the api's is a really good start point but working on an open on an open hardware project do you just give the schematic and say that that's it as a team as your project we just give the schematic away and that's enough or do we need to give more than just the schematic I mean the number of projects that I've seen which are allegedly open and the schematic is a pdf it's yeah I've got a circuit diagram um they might give away they might give away some gerbers if you're if your purpose is to ensure that someone else can write code that works with that hardware then a schematic might suffice yeah on the other hand I suspect that even if you had the schematics of a tivo you still would need the keys to to cryptographically sign the kernel before the service would actually function for you and so it really again it kind of depends on what you need uh Keith and I make uh schematics and gerbers and drill files and build material stuff available for all of our designs and we know that that's sufficient because we've had people come up to us at rocket launches with clones of our products asking us for some little sheepishly asking if we would be willing to help them with the one little thing they didn't quite understand let's just get somebody's coming up to you they've bought a clone of a board that you've designed no they've they've made it themselves oh they've made it themselves that's okay that's they downloaded the gerbers and the drill files they sent them off to a board shop they had raw boards made they downloaded our bill of materials which has all of the distributor part numbers and everything and digikey and mauser part numbers in the US and they placed orders and bought the parts and they sat down and placed them all themselves and refloated in an electric skillet or something and they turned it on and it kind of seemed to work and they don't understand why they can't hear the rf and it's just because they didn't know they need to calibrate the frequency but that's just the grin on your face when somebody comes up with yeah so as Keith was saying earlier I don't think the first person who did that to us was expecting our response which was immense glee we were so ecstatic that somebody had actually like built a clone of one of the things because it was proof positive that our assertions that we're open hardware guys it was true so it's not just chuck it on the internet on your website here's my here's my um look my files and nobody looks at it people are actually going out there they're searching this one when the the website uh when the search engine wants to crawl up crawl your site I don't know I don't know in this case if it's as much that or as much people at long distance you see somebody else playing go that's really cool and they go look and they go wow this is open I've always wanted to learn how to like place parts and reflow surface mount myself here's a known working design I can start from and it'll be something really cool to play with when I'm done I don't know exactly what the motivations are should we take some questions comments from the audience yeah it'd be much more interesting for you I think Sam's got the first one so hang on we've got microphone can we take the microphone hi so it's on okay um so Sam Hartman I guess you know this is all great that you hear this this wonderful discussion of open hardware I'm a software guy I would love to have control of the life cycle stuff like bedel's talking about but like even really hooking something up to a GPIO line is actually a little bit more than I'm going to easily be able to do that's okay I can't call white kernel code yeah no right but how do I like how would I go about let's say I wanted to have a you know home audio system that would be really actually totally awesome I'm happy to handle the software side of it what are my options for getting something that meets bedel's open life cycle requirement wow so Keith and I were talking on a flight down about whether I should build and sell some of my audio boards so yeah it's get it find find that community find the people who are already doing it and look at what they're doing so I think the challenge is when you go looking for components to put together to create a system you ought to be asking these questions about all the components you're picking and by components you know I could be talking about you know a server I could be talking about you know some integrated sensor box or something and and there's different levels of openness and this is what I think I was trying to get to earlier really depends on what you're trying to do for some people knowing that I can put this on the net and it speaks IP and if I ask it a query in this particular format I'll get the temperature and the humidity and the barometric pressure and all of that back is open enough they don't actually care about the schematic what they want to know is that they can talk to that box with their own computing infrastructure and Sam you know that might be the sort of threshold that that meets what you're talking about it in other places in the spectrum there are people you know going back to our rocket avionics stuff Keith and I have been totally thrilled that there are high school teams and college teams that are taking our designs and hacking the firmware and adding additional sensors and you know part of the cool thing about being totally open like this and willing to talk to people about what we've done is we're enabling other people to then sort of explicitly go build on top of that and sort of use our stuff as the big piece at the middle of the erector set or the the LEGO set or whatever and and that's just immensely cool it's immensely gratifying and you know at this age and stage in my life seeing people learn from what we've done is almost as gratifying as anything else we do so for some what we're suggesting then find a community of people are already doing much of this do a little research before you whip your wallet out yeah before spending money you know make conscious decisions about the stuff you're buying if you buy it because it's shiny and you know I guess you get what you get yeah in two weeks time it won't be available anymore so yeah hard to say anybody else I used to love to go to ham radio flea markets when I was younger because it was really exciting to find some sort of one-off random piece of stuff and take it home and sort of reverse engineer it figure it out and do something really cool with it yeah and I have to admit that at this later stage in my life I don't find that nearly as exciting as I do figuring out how to create something that satisfies one of my own personal needs and desires and enables other people to be able to do something kind of find the thrill of taking something I myself have done some ham radio stuff and I do find that the technology has moved so far forwards now that it's getting harder and harder to understand uh radio you buy because everything ends up as an soc and it's everything's got higher and higher level of integration and it's getting harder to um produce or hack on something because it is now just so I would I would actually argue that with you um it's absolutely true that my I have I have friends in Cuba that years ago um when they came to a conference in the US I sent them home with a tube full of mini circuits doubly balanced mixers and some oscillator chips and things like this and I knew that every sort of set of rough components I sent home would get one more person on the 50 ish megahertz 6 meter band and that was a totally cool thing to do but at the other end of the spectrum I have a bunch of friends in the ham radio world who all just went in on the crowd supply lime sdr software defined radio boards I mean that's that's a very complex piece of kit but it is completely documented schematics artwork all that stuff is has been released and everyone I know that's buying one of those and wants to hack on it is interested in writing radio code you know software and they're going to hook a couple antennas up to it and that's a building block that they're using and the fact that most of them don't actually really care about the details of the hardware or what it takes to lay out a circuit board so that it's got fidelity from 100 kilohertz to 3.8 gigahertz that this again it's sort of what do you care about what happens so if so I think we could see the same thing from different viewpoints is if you want to hack on something and change its functionality from a software point of view the the higher integration is fine providing you've got access to it right if you're wanting to hack on something from purely as a hardware to experiment to play and actually understand the hardware that's getting harder on off-the-shelf products because they are more and more integrated you know if you're wanting something for longevity don't buy an SOC but it's interesting because on the flip side the availability of well-documented SOCs is now allowing makers to build things that they couldn't have ever built before yeah yeah yeah so I completely hear what you're saying and it's very interesting that after the fire when I went to rebuild my RF test bench I found myself buying test equipment mostly that was designed in the 1980s and the reason is that was about as recent as you can go when things are still really general purpose I mean I bought a vector network analyzer and I bought a spectrum analyzer that just allow you to look at the RF yeah since then the thing that's become really cool is to put more and more levels of abstraction and sophistication on top of that so now if you go buy an RF analyzer you sort of need to go in knowing am I going to use this for for looking at gprs am I going to use this for you know what what what radio thing am I trying to do and what protocols do I care about because what the vendors want to sell you is something that's optimized for helping you understand a deeper slice through a taller stack and also and also the thing that you're buying is you can't actually just look at the spectrum from DC to 26 I think you're also buying is a is a is a broad range sensor yes and it gets straight into the digital main and it's processed in software on the flip side today you can go to somewhere like seed studio and buy a little digital signal oscilloscope or a digital sampling oscilloscope or a little logic analyzer board for 50 bucks or something that will allow you to diagnose and troubleshoot things that I could not have afforded the test equipment for in 1986 so it goes both ways yeah great so closing statement where do you think hardware is going open hardware is going in the next couple of years or anything else you would like to close the session well I'm really excited that they're now a number of companies in the world that are making a point of being open hardware companies that are north of 10 million a year in revenue I either like becoming real companies I'm personally really pleased to be on the board of directors of aleph objects which is the parent company of lullspot who provided the 3d printer stuff that you see out in the hall in fact my son is working there this summer so I have a fair amount of connection with them and by the way I had nothing to do with the fact that they sent hardware that's immensely cool and done on their own part but I think we are now seeing enough examples of real companies that are being really successful following a truly open model to believe that they're not just random unicorns that this is a structural model that can work but I think we're beginning to see it in the commercial space but I think so far we've only seen it work in specialty kinds of product spaces it would be really nice to think it's going to ripple out more you know but when I can go into a retail outlet and have my choice of open design wi-fi access points or open design home automation pieces then I'll be a believer right now I think there's a whole bunch of hurdles left before the industry at large understands that they can be more open and still make money and from the hobbyist point of view where are we now well I personally you know everything I hack on at home is open I just life's too short for secret source great Andy last statement from you it's it's I pretty much agree entirely we'd be there on this perhaps I'm still seeing from the the hacking side of from individuality that we're you know open hardware is I still think 20 years behind the open software movement we're still in the shareware stage we're just beginning to come out of shareware start to see collaborative projects but finding them is still few and far between I will work on it because the other thing I would think about is that a lot of things that used to be perceived as really difficult complex manufacturing processes are now available in job shop form not only are there places to make spaces and that type yeah but I mean there are companies now where you can upload a design file and get back laser cut or 3d printed or cnc machined parts and one-offs it costs some money but I mean you can design that is true of pcps as well I mean there's plenty of people doing circuit boards if you want to get raw circuit boards if you want to give somebody build materials and have them do surface men assembly so by the way there's job opportunities on both sides of that you know you can find another niche that somebody's not filling and go provide a service like that become an expert on something and on the front side it's actually more possible to hack than it used to be I think we've got one last question yeah one two questions do we need io2 look look I mean you get to decide what level on a universal platform I don't know that I care so much about our landing on a singular one of anything as much as I care about the things that we end up adopting on mass having some degree of openness I mean my biggest concern with iot isn't necessarily even openness it's the the massive commercial pressures to have your sensors and actuators so cheap that any semblance of security goes out the window and people who are peddling those sort of sensors and it's becoming to be included in clinical you know health care at home do not care about any security of any type the platform is so cheap you can't actually put it on there it's being thought of too late I guess you get these platforms that are developed within big corporations or big vendors but then are we going to is it going to be a big vendor that comes up with the platform that everybody ends up using or what what is it I mean what is the space for an open source project to or a free software project to guide so there are at least two working groups at the Linux Foundation that are tackling open protocols for iot space and they have a long list of corporate participants I would strongly suggest you go take a look at those projects and see what's happening because those are places where people who are passionate about it and have some knowledge and interest can actually help define the standards that industries will end up adopting great and on that point yeah I hope that this creates a lot more conversation in the corridors and throughout the week yeah if I'm not too busy we'll talk over and I want to thank you very much for joining me on this panel great thank you thank you


Welcome back, folks, down. Now, the industry is down 85, NASDAQ up 31, S&Ps are up one point. And let's go to our man, Mr. Basil Chapman. And we are going to ride this wave, and we're talking about each and every day we're at new all-time highs. Our man, Mr. Basil Chapman, folks, is going to be doing a great webinar tonight. 5 to 6, Easter, 5 to 6.30 Eastern Standard Time for all his subscribers. Now, it's very easy to be a subscriber, folks. You can come out at TFNN. You're going to go right into featured content. You're going to see the opening call by our man, Mr. Basil Chapman. You can subscribe for one month, which is $128, six months, which is $595, which is a savings of $173, a year, which is $995, which is a savings of $541. Now, the way this works, folks, is that they all come with a 30-day money-back guarantee. So what the deal is when you're looking at these newsletters is that you can get the newsletter for a month, you can get a 30-day money-back guarantee, you can come into a workshop tonight that's going to be outstanding, and then on top of that, Basil has five of the workshops that are archived inside your page. If you can't make it, you're doing something from 5 to 6.30 tonight, guess what? We have some great technology. It's archived. It can be on your page. You can go over it as many times as you like, and I'm going to let our man, Mr. Basil Chapman, explain what he is going to be speaking about tonight. I got my surfboard, man. I bet I have my surfboard, man. I hope you've got your covering on because it's kind of cold out there for a surfboard. Yeah. There's no doubt about that. There's no doubt about that. So there's going to be a very timely workshop because I usually like to time the workshops where I think there's a chance of some kind of a turn in the market. This one is going to be very tough, and one of the reasons is that some of the moving averages, some of the technicals that I'm showing, if you look at this chart on the left here, but I'm going to be discussing tonight, I'm going to be discussing, look at the Magdeed. It's still very strong. Yeah. I love to say that the stochastic above 80% is very good. The textbooks would say in technical analysis, over 80% is overbought. I like it overbought. I actually want to see it in the 90, but at 97.78%, just 1.23% or 100%, which it never reaches, this is starting to get stretched. And the on-balance volume that I use here as a timing tool looks to me like it's a little overbought. And yet, even with Home Depot down 12 points, the Dow is only down 82 points in the S&P's holding. So the buying here is very intense, and that makes me, and this is what's so important about tonight's webinar, I'm going to be showing different time frames. And the time frame in the day, he says, yep, it's getting a bit toppy. The weekly chart is just starting to bump into resistance, and the monthly chart is good. And I'll just show this first for a second, because I will be talking about it tonight. The chapter, we've always tried to identify a low bar, and from that low bar, you've got at least four successively higher peaks, alphabetize them, peak A, then peak B, then higher C, and then peak D. You can go all the way to EF and G, but at D, other things can happen, and we've seen that I've shown you the dollar chart, et cetera, where the Ds were so important. But I also need to look at a straight line move down or up, and then a cup formation and an arch formation.  So three patterns, straight line, cup and arch, how you put them together, moving averages that I use, and the most important thing is time sequences. And within the context, I'm going to show how, in my from opening call subscribers, we've got quite a few stocks that have done really well. Using these particular techniques, I'm going to show the techniques live. I'm also going to show something that I think is going to be quite important. That is the relationship of the different sectors, and that even within a sector, I've often talked about it, I call it an index, it's not, it's called CASH, C-A-S-H, that is Sintas, Amazon, Spy, and Home Depot. Well three of those are not doing very well. Spy is at an all-time high, today he hit an all-time high. Sintas is down, not sharpie, but it's down, way off its high. Home Depot just got smacked, and you've got Amazon, which at this particular time of the year should be soaring, and like there it is down. So I'm going to be talking about relationships and trying to pick stocks, identifying them, how it can really help you if you can get the stocks right. Because they can, for instance, we have a stock, we have one particular stock, BDSI, this is by Delivery Sciences. I use the cup formation, I'm going to teach that. I use kind of a fulcrum in the middle to say that in the month of December we should try for the 6.40 area, it hit the 6.45, we're in at $5.17. It's at peak D and still holding, while still holding these moving averages of importance. They're D in the monthly, it's a pattern I call the cup, Chapman Wave Cup and ladle. It's, you know, the handle is where you stop at the left side, you make a little handle, and then you break to the upside. This cup and ladle is very powerful, doesn't stop. It goes right through the left side high, and that's very, that creates a move that should take you to that fourth highest peak, peak D. These are all things that folks can do without necessarily knowing all my notations. These are patterns, I want them to recognize the patterns, I want them to be able to decipher how to use moving averages, different time frames. So it's really, it's a workshop, and then they can also use four other workshops. At least three of them are really pertinent to what we're looking at. One is called the tide. It's looking at how you can use certain indicators to suggest that you can go from a short term to an intermediate term to a longer term move. We've done that in the dollar, we did that when we bought in April of 2018. So this is a very important time, and I am going to talk about what we would look for on any downturn here, and what the breakout to new highs means, since we're in leg D in the monthly chart of the Dow. So this is really timely, and it's very functional.   This tells you exactly what you're going to do tomorrow. So and also, of course, they get my daily news there. So tomorrow they will get the information pertinent to what happens the very next day. So I'm looking forward to it. No, big time. You know what's intriguing, Basil, is that the when you look at the transports on the small caps, right? You know, both of these folks, they topped out and the small caps topped out in July of 2018. They're not consuming. And the transports topped out in September of 2018. It's so intriguing, man, because it's like, you know, where we know we're at all-time highs, but bottom line is that I can't seem to remember a time in the last 30 years that you're that far off of one major indices, you know what I'm saying? And I'll be talking tonight about that very thing. In the 30 years, I'm actually getting back even more than that. And I'm saying, I just don't recall ever a time where it's such a quiet, silent, stealth bull market. Nobody's talking about the stock market. Anytime you go to new highs for three, four months in a row over the years, you would have people everywhere saying, man, did I make up fortune? But I think one of the things that's most important, stock splits, you've got really expensive stocks that folks are not talking about the hot stocks as if they've gone from 15 to 45. And then even the cannabis stocks, which were hot, are not hot anymore. We had the Bitcoin. So they've been bitten and hit right hard when the general public has gone into these fans. So I must say, looking out, I have to be very bullish to see this quietness in the market. That doesn't mean to say we can't get sharp pullbacks, but I think that's a bullish line. No, listen, all you have to do is say there's a trade deal and the market will go up 500 points. Right, you know. And say the game, and the game, and the game. Yeah. Folks, come over to our website at TFNN. We're running the featured content. Subscribe to the opening call right now.  Basil, we look forward to the workshop in an hour and a half. Thank you so much, Tom. Thank you. Stay right there, folks. Come right back.


Shah Ruq Qal Shah Ruq It's so juicy That Shahruq was better than a secondary high What's up, Rook? Oh, you're the one. Some people get so upset when I just call Shahrukh Khan, Rook. Because his name is Shahrukh. But I just call him Rook. Because we're best buds. He's my ghost. You call him Shahid Hid? Ah, just shh. What's up, shh? In your more intimate moments. Mmm. Mmm. Anyways, today this is a video. This is a, Shahrukh Khan plays Never Have I Ever. Oh! Awesome. Which is a very fun game. That's a great game. That game and would you rather? Yes. Both. Yeah, those are both great. I absolutely agree. We've seen other videos. I think we saw Rithik doing the most searched ones. I don't think we've seen any games yet though. No, definitely not. Would you be, if we could do stuff in person, it would be a very fun thing to do in person. The question they should ask him is, Never Have I Ever had anyone say my nipples looked like salami? Because he couldn't say Never Have I Ever. You have referred to SRK's nipples as tasty salami slices of nice deli salami. Deli salami is delicious. What are my favorites? Salami's good. I agree. Well, you're Italian, so yeah. I don't know. That's one of the main staples of an Italian diet. That's absolutely true. Salami. Salami. Why? Because it's freaking great. Yeah, it's delicious. All right, here we go. That's not shallow con. No. In this game, I think your fans can get to know a lot about you without you disclosing much. So you just have to answer, I have or I have never. Okay, shall we begin? Very, very little concern. Never Have I Ever. Never Have I Ever taken advantage of my celebrity status. Oh, she has. Oh, come on. That's a lie. No way. It's a lie. Never Have I Ever. Never Have I Ever got angry on my fan and regret it later. Yeah, I think I have. Okay. Yeah, of course. I'm sorry. Never Have I Ever used someone else's toothbrush. Ew. Ew, no. Gross. Oh. After being a star, or before being a star? Many times I use it by mistake. But it was almost. And I always know which toothbrush is mine. Never Have I Ever envied an actor bagging a film? No, I'm not in there. The film's not good enough. That's a core banana. Never Have I Ever got caught while watching a film. Oh. The last time I watched was when I was way younger. And we didn't get caught. Debbie does Dallas. I've seen that. It's a porn movie. It's a porn movie. Debbie does Dallas. It's back in like the 1980s. Is it a guy named Dallas? No, it means that she does the whole football team. I've had a crush on my whole star. No, I have. I have a crush on all of them. I love them. I hope Gotti Khan is listening. Come on now! Never Have I Ever got caught with my co-star off camera? Off the camera? No. I always do that. Never Have I Ever been handcuffed? Oh, I have. I have. Twice. In bed. For good reason, I hope. I'm beaten up by cops. Never Have I Ever cheated to win a game? That I'm very serious about it. I get very angry if people cheat at me. Good job. Never Have I Ever given somebody my fake phone number? No, I've never. I just refuse. Yeah, well I lie about it. I don't have a phone. I don't speak to people on the phone. The rays affect me. Never Have I Ever woken up with a hangover and just remember what happened last night? No. Oh my God. Sorry. He can't remember. So it should be I have? Yeah. Okay. Never Have I Ever drunk, tired or friend? No, man. I don't call. I just turn around. Alright, that's a typical 4-5 to leave out. Alright. Last but not the least, Never Have I Ever lied in a talk show? Yeah. Nobody's ever asked me anything that I need to lie about. Nobody has ever done so. That was really strange, isn't it? I'm guessing it's from the whatever film he was promoting at the time. Maybe. Also, bro, whenever we start doing our interview, I will ask you questions that you have to lie about. It's true.  And that's because I used to be addicted to it and I haven't seen anything pornographic since I was 23 years old. So that is one of my, one of my, two of my very first introductions to pornography was Debbie Does Dallas and Deep Throat. That was all before I was 23. How old were you when you first saw like a pornographic film or magazine, remember? Like, I was way too young. Alright. I'm really young. Yeah. Way too young. Yeah. Really young. Debbie Does. Yeah. What a name for a porno. Yeah. I think that was in our box of porn, wasn't it? Right next to the Girls of Kamasutra? I don't know. Debbie Does Mumbai? And should we do that one for Classic Month? Debbie Does Mumbai? No. Girls of Kamasutra. It's a classic, right? It's a classic. So good. I would love to do these style of games with like people that we interview, but I feel like a more effective in person, I feel. It would be better in person and it could replace rapid fire when we do like a second interview with somebody. Like, you know, we just did Shreya Voshal and we could do a Never Have I Ever. I know, but I want to do something. It's always going to be fun to find out the truth about that. Any time I want to do interviews, I want to do them in person because obviously, especially games, it's always much better because there's always a lag. And you're missing all full physical communication. It's always better to be able to talk. Yeah, when we did one with Nawaz, he was just touching them constantly over the place. He likes to be very physical with our guests. Yep, constantly. Him and Zakir Hussain. Yep. Zakir Hussain almost walked off the set. It's true because I couldn't stop touching. I want to love languages. Physical touch. Yeah, I would love to. This is cool. Kidding guys. For future interviews, we'll, like if we re-interview Vir Das one day again. If he's ever promoting something else, obviously we'll have Vir Das on any time.  Yeah. But obviously we can't re-inter, I mean, we can re-interview them. There's much more questions we can ask. I'd love to do what President Obama used to do. He was regularly, he'd have beers with somebody out on the White House lawn. You just grab a beer and talk and ask silly questions. Oh, that was adorable. That was really cute. My son's looking at me from outside. He's looking at it from outside and he batted on the window. And then when he saw his daddy, he went like this. I love you. I'm so glad you have two people that love you. My son's adorable. So let us know what are the videos we should react to down below.


Well, all I can say is, wow, and I'm not surprised that it's strange, because it usually is when you go there and make measurements. Well, I'm as excited as I expected I would be, the interplanetary space is full of activity that we really were not aware of. And they're also very quick, so we took images that are about 12 hours apart, and they're not there in the next image. And so they're very clear for two images, and then they're gone. Well, you go on a space mission, you always run into mysterious things, eventually figuring them out, but I wouldn't have expected anything like that. And so that's the beauty of the Parker Solar Probe mission, we're going so close and we're seeing all of this stuff for the very first time. As usual, when you have a space mission into an unknown place, you find remarkable things that you did not anticipate. I was very moved by the fact that that spacecraft is going off into the night sky, and he'll never come back. That's right. Sort of sad. Oh. I said, I had separation anxiety, I said it was like watching a member of the team, because after working with that spacecraft for so long, she became a person and she became part of the team. And to say goodbye to her was really, really tough. And always the little anxiety about will something go wrong, and the answer is no. This baby was built to perform and it's done its job flawlessly. She certainly has.


Hey everyone, it's Missy, thank you for watching! Today's tutorial is this Peek-a-boo French braid ponytail hairstyle, so I really hope you enjoyed today's video. Make sure to subscribe to my channel if you haven't already, and be sure to click the little notification bell that way you'll be notified whenever I post a new tutorial, and let's get started! The first thing I'm going to do is divide out the section of hair that I'll be using for the French braid. So with my part on the right side, I'm going to create a zigzag part about 4 inches back from the hairline on the left side, right in front of the crown section, and then clip away the back hair. Now I'm going to create a second part line about an inch or two from the hairline and clip away the forward section of hair. Now with this section I've divided out, I'm going to use this for my French braid, so I'm going to pick up a small piece near the part line and divide it into three smaller sections. I'm going to start by crossing the right strand over the middle, then cross the left strand over the middle. Now I'm going to cross the right strand over the middle, pick up a new section of hair and cross it over the middle strand. Then I'm going to cross the left strand over the middle, pick up a new section of hair and cross it over the middle strand as well. So once more I'm crossing the right strand over the middle, picking up a new section and crossing it over the middle strand. Then I'm going to cross the left strand over the middle, pick up a new section of hair and cross it over the middle strand as well. These are the steps to creating a fringe braid so I'm just going to repeat them, crossing the side strands over the middle strand while incorporating new sections into the braid until it reaches just past my left ear. Now I'm going to stop adding new sections into the braid and just continue braiding the section in a regular 3 strand braid down to the end of the section. Then I'm going to slide a bobby pin over the bottom so it doesn't unravel. Now I'm going to comb all of my hair into a ponytail so I'm starting with the hair on the right side, then I'm going to bring in the braid and then lastly the section right next to the hairline on the left side so this section drapes under the braid without covering it up too much and then I'm just going to tie it all together with a hair band. Now I'm just going to take a small section of hair from the ponytail and wrap it around the hair band and then I'm going to pin it in place with a few bobby pins right underneath the ponytail. So that wraps up today's tutorial. I really hope you enjoyed today's video. Be sure to click the thumbs up if you want to see more ponytail hairstyles like this one. Be sure to subscribe to my channel as well if you haven't already and make sure to click the notification bell so you'll be notified whenever I post a new tutorial. Thank you so very much for watching and I will see you next time.


My name is Donal Rice and I'm a lecturer in the National University of Ireland Galway and I work with the National Disability Authority in Ireland. This video is a very brief background to the paper I will present at Accessible Europe on Standards and the Procurement of Accessible ICT Products and Services. The paper will cover the importance of public procurement and the use of accessible ICT standards in ensuring accessible ICTs are procured by public bodies and are widely available to everyone in society. Public procurement is a function of government that involves using public monies to obtain goods, works and services to meet the needs of the government as it carries out its responsibilities to the citizens. In terms of GDP, the world's trade organisation estimates that between 10 and 15 percent of a country's GDP is related to public procurement and in the European Union that is as high as 16 to 17 percent. Public procurement aims to do a number of things including delivering basic services such as health, infrastructure and energy to ensure good value for money through efficiency and integrity but it also aims to achieve innovative social and environmentally sound policy objectives and so public procurement is a very powerful means for governments to promote certain agendas such as accessibility for persons or disabilities. The paper will cover a number of updates and standards that support accessible ICT procurement. These standards include the web content accessibility guidelines version 2.1, the use of EN 301549 accessibility requirements for ICT products and services in Europe as part of the public procurement directives but also as part of the new web accessibility directive. The paper would provide an update on a new standard that was published in 2019 called EN 17161 designed for all accessibility following a designed for all approach in products, goods and services extending the range of users which provides a process for companies and public bodies to follow to incorporate accessibility at every stage of their work. It would also provide updates on ISO, IEC work on user interfaces and ITUT work. The paper will also look at trends and countries increasingly are providing and improving the accessibility provisions in their legislation and indeed introducing new pieces of legislation. The European Accessibility Act for example was finalised this year. The web accessibility directive is now required to be implemented across all EU member states and the new European electronic communication codes contain a lot of accessibility requirements that weren't there in the previous legislation and increasingly we're seeing harmonisation between the various accessibility standards such as WCAG 2.1, Section 508 and EN 301549 and this harmonisation is very important as we move towards having a unified approach to ICT accessibility at standards level worldwide and the trend is also towards producing new process-oriented standards such as EN 17161 which I mentioned previously. Fortunately there are a number of resources available and I've produced a number of these for the ITU Academy. There's three self-paced modules on ICT accessibility, the key to inclusive communication which provides a way to get certified in terms of training for ICT accessibility. I look forward to meeting you in Malta. Please read the background paper, please attend the session on accessibility procurement and standards and come and talk to me if you have any questions or would like to discuss any of the material in the paper or the presentations. Thank you and goodbye until Malta.


Or, in entertainment news rather, Nigerians are advocating health insurance for movie practitioners as a way of improving the industry and impacting practitioners in Nigeria. The likes of Chiwet Al-Agu, Izzani Norbert, Obiyo Kohli and other actors who attended the Nollywood African Golden Award ceremony which was held in Agbor, Delta State, advocated insurance coverage for movie practitioners in case of unforeseen circumstances like in the case of John Okafor, Bethanon, as Mr. Ibu, who needs health assistance. I continue to say Nollywood remained the organization that employed daily. Nollywood have a lot of staff. Nollywood cannot die because of their involvement. If you watch today, Nollywood employ more than the government and Nollywood have been helping to reduce crime rates, to reduce unemployment. This is the first time in history that we are having a program bringing 19 African countries and three European countries. That will tell you that Nollywood have travelled far. They also called for more partnership from good-spirited individuals, organizations and governments to move the industry forward as Nollywood is impacting lives positively in the society. That is like he is starting from the scratch. He is doing like a human's job, a formidable team he has built and when it comes to reaching out to sect members of AGM, he is at the forefront of it. Giving secrets, so we shall reap in secret, I think that's what Nollywood is all about. Our brother, he's my brother, he's my friend, he's my other brother, he's my senior colleague Bethan Ibu. He's getting well soon. I'll show you that. Helps are coming from right front and centre, Nollywood are doing their best. So whatever whoever is castigating what Nollywood is doing, your business. You have a strong insurance that takes care of the workers, so that in case of anything need be one day we have an insurance that cover you, be it health, especially in the health sector. So the actors should come over or under a strong insurance that will come for them when they have these shortcomings. The 2024 Nollywood African Golden Award is scheduled to hold in Germany.


Let's show how to make a molecule from Lewis structures or Lewis dot structures of atoms now so Let's try this one. It says show how to Form lithium fluoride from the constituent elements Lithium and fluorine so in order to do that you're going to have to Draw a Lewis dot structures of the atoms lithium and fluorine so you know that You can get those Valence electrons from the periodic table. So lithium is a group one element. So it's got the one valence electron and Fluorine is a group 17 element. It's got the seven valence electrons. So I'm just going to and I'm drawing them in such a way as to leave the open Space for the electron on the side Where lithium is so so I can easily show the electron moving into that spot that open orbital But anyway, so what we need to do is we need to in this case We're going because this is a lithium's a metal and fluorine is a non-metal We're going to make an ionic bond here We're going to show the transfer of the one electron from fluorine or from lithium to fluorine We're going to show that using what we call a fish with arrow So that's an arrow with just one side on it one side of the head This will help you a lot down the road when you take more chemistry classes. So let's just do it this way starting this way Or show the transfer to electrons will do a double-headed error I'm back and look at that last video if you haven't seen that but anyway, so So when we do this what happens? So this is a reaction, right? We're actually transferring an electron from the lithium atom to the fluorine atom And we're making two new particles one of them's a lithium without that electron so It's going to be a positively charged lithium or the lithium ion and Fluorine is going to have that electron added to it So if we wanted to draw its Lewis structure It looks like the Noble gas configuration, right? It's got a full octet of electrons So now what we have is we have a cat ion They're going to so the positive charge is going to be attracted to the negative charge and Likewise the negative charge will be attracted to the positive charge and they'll form what we call an ionic bond this Attraction between these two particles to cancel out that pull charge on either one of those particles So what will happen is? those two will come together and make the compound Lithium fluoride that's how to show the entire reaction between lithium and fluorine to Make lithium fluoride. So you start with the elements. They're loose dodge structures You show the transfer of the one electron So this is the one electron transfer We want to put that that's fine That makes the two ions They come together to cancel out each other charge to make lithium fluoride


Hello and welcome to this session. In this session we discuss about reflection. We often see our image in mirror or water. We call it reflection. So our reflection or flip is a transformation where each point in our shape appears at an equal distance on opposite side of a given line and this is called the line of reflection. Reflection creates a mirror image of the original figure. In this picture the red line is the line of reflection. Now we discuss reflection in x-axis and y-axis. First let us study reflection in x-axis and we know that in reflection the point and its image are at the same distance from the line of reflection. For example let us consider a point A with the coordinates 2,1. It will lie in the first quadrant. Let us plug it on the coordinate plane. Here we have point A and we see that this point is one unit above x-axis and if we have to see its image in x-axis then this point must be at the distance of one unit below x-axis and will lie exactly below this point on the same line. So we plot it here and level it as A prime. Now we see that the coordinates of the point A prime are 2-1. Here we see that the x-coordinate remains same and y becomes negative. Mathematically we can say that if we coordinate x-y changes to x-y and reflection in x-axis that is we multiply y-coordinate with minus 1 and x-coordinate remains same. In this graph we see that point A has coordinates 2,1 and its image in x-axis that is point A prime has the coordinates 2 minus 1. Now let us study reflection in y-axis. Again we know that in reflection the point and its image at the same distance from the line of reflection for example let us consider the same point A with the coordinates 2,1. It lies in the first quadrant. We can see this point is at the distance of two units from y-axis. If we have to see its image in y-axis then this point must be at a distance of two units from y-axis but on the other side of y-axis and will lie exactly on the same horizontal line. So we plot it here and name it as A double prime. Now we see that the coordinates of image A double prime are minus 2,1. Here y-coordinate remains same and x becomes negative. So we can say that here the coordinates x-y changes to minus x-y and reflection in y-axis. That is we only multiply x-coordinate with minus 1 and y-coordinate remains same. That is in the graph we see that point A with the coordinates 2,1 has its image in y-axis that is point A double prime with the coordinates minus 2,1. Now we are going to discuss reflection in line y is equal to x. We know that y is equal to x is a straight line passing through origin that is 00. So here we have a straight line passing through origin and given by the equation y is equal to x. Now again we consider the point A with the coordinates 2,1 and we will find its reflection along the line y is equal to x. First we plot this point A on the coordinate plane and here we get the required point and when we plot its reflection in y is equal to x it will be 1,2. We label it as A prime. Here we see that the coordinates into change that is x-y changes to y-x image of point A with the coordinates 1,2 will be A prime with the coordinates 2,1. Here is the point A with the coordinates 2,1 and its image along the line y is equal to x is given by A prime with the coordinates 1,2. So if you have to find reflection of any figure like triangle, quadrilateral, etc. We first find the image of each vertex in the coordinate plane using the above mentioned methods of plotting points in the coordinate plane and then we join the new points and get the required image. This completes our session but we enjoyed this session.