Yeah. Thank you, Eric. Okay, once a year, and it's usually at the February Council meeting, Terry Minolio gives a report on the activities of the Genomic Medicine Working Group. And take it away, Terry. Great. Actually, we have tended to do these at the September Council meeting, but last September Council was jam-packed, so we thought we would postpone a bit. So just to remind you, there are several working groups of this Council. One of them is on genomic medicine, and we established this one shortly after the strategic plan was released in February of 2011, basically to advise us and assist us in identifying the research needed to evaluate and implement this field, including reviewing current progress, identifying key advances, planning meetings, facilitating collaborations, and then looking at, as we identified needs, how do we then build the long-term infrastructure for those to fill those. This is the current makeup of the working group. You'll notice several past Council members as well as two current ones, Howard Jacob and Dan Rodin, and I'll call on you after I'm finished to correct any of the mistakes that I made in this. So you have to pay attention, Dan. Yeah, sorry. So one of the things that we do, one of our key activities, is to lead a series of genomic medicine meetings. We started this in June of 2011, and I won't go through all of them. Well, I go through all of them, but not in any detail. We subsequently published a paper on this one in genetics and medicine. The second one was on forming collaborations. This is the Duke-Meetree project, which subsequently went into a large-scale collaboration. The third one was on stakeholders. The fourth on physician education. Out of that grew the Inner Society Coordinating Committee that Eric mentioned earlier, and I'll talk about a little bit. We had a fifth one on federal strategies that actually is becoming quite useful now that we're looking at the Precision Medicine Initiative and the impetus from the White House. Our sixth one on sort of global efforts in implementing genomic medicine. I actually reported to you on back last February, so I'll only touch on this one. But that one occurred since our last report to you, as well as the seventh in October on genomic clinical decision support. And we have an eighth coming up in June where the working group said, you know, we've been at this four years now. Let's take a step back and kind of look at the entire portfolio and see, you know, where we are and where we'd like to go. So the sixth meeting, as I mentioned, I described to you about a year ago, looking to engage international agencies, explore activities, identify how we might be able to collaborate. One of the neat things about this was that it included parts of the world that we haven't typically had involved in many of these discussions, and so we were very happy to have them there. And just a couple of kind of nifty projects that we heard about there. One in Singapore, which is doing testing for stromal corneal dystrophies, which are opacities that occur in the cornea that are heavily determined by just a few genes, one of them being TGF-beta-induced protein or TGF-bi. One of the actionable aspects of this is that people who have this condition or who are prone to it should not undergo LASIK therapy, a keratoplasty, because it can recur or actually accelerate in the operated eye. So this is worth knowing, and they are implementing screening of family members because these variants tend to be common in Singapore. There's also an Estonian program that actually was just approved back in December, the next phase of that I had previously reported to you on the plans for developing an Estonian array, but now they have a pilot project for actual implementation using their exceedingly well-connected electronic medical record system. Actually, they have kind of an electronic health system throughout the country, which is fabulous. So that one is moving forward as well. And we also talked a little bit about Stevens-Johnson syndrome and some screening efforts and prevention efforts going on in Thailand. This is a particular problem there because of the high frequency of the risk alleles that have been identified to date in that part of the world, as well as a high frequency of the use of several of the drugs that lead to this. So it's an important topic there. And what they described to us was what they call a pharmacogenomics card, which is really just like a credit card that they give patients who have been screened that includes their name, the outcome of the assay, the date, the interpretation, and the interpretation for this patient is that they have a high risk of developing Stevens-Johnson, which is an exfoliating skin condition. It's an absolutely horrible thing. It's like having a third degree burn across your entire skin surface and actually internally, as well, and a very high mortality rate. And then on the back of this card, as you can see, there are suggestions and contact information and that for practitioners. One of the interesting things about this is while this has been very effective in dealing with an individual patient and clinician, patients go to many different clinicians. And so there actually is a recurrence risk in Thailand and other countries of people who, amazingly enough, have had Stevens-Johnson and still are re-prescribed the causative agents and develop it again. There are also cases where people have been appropriately screened and their doctor is notified, but some other doctor is not notified and that doctor prescribes the drug and there have been deaths from that. And so one of the things that we're discussing is, is there a way to implement some kind of an electronic system where, if you were to be prescribed one of these drugs anywhere in the country, there would be a quick lookup in a database that says, no, no, no, this person should never get this. And obviously, there are a lot of policy issues that have to be addressed in that, but wouldn't that be a nice thing to have? Recognizing that this idea of a pharmacogenetics card in particular sort of resonated with a lot of the attendees at our meeting, we kind of asked, well, gee, is there some way that we could make this sort of a signature project and get a number of countries, particularly those in Southeast Asia, but not only there, to try to implement this. And so we kind of came back, looked around at NIH and there are very, very few grants funded in this area. There are like two that we are aware of. And so in talking with various sister institutes, about 10 of them, we agreed that it would be worthwhile to have a workshop that basically looked at the state of research in this area and what NIH might or could do. So we have a meeting coming up early next month to review the current state of knowledge, examine the role of genomics and pharmacogenetics in etiology treatment and potentially eradication of the preventable causes of this, with most of which are genetic, and then identify gaps and unmet needs. This is the planning committee and you'll note there are several from our sister agency, the FDA, who also are obviously very interested in this area. And the group that came together for the global leaders meeting wanted to continue to develop other areas of collaboration. And so we kind of spun off from this something we've called the Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative, G2MC, Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative, yes, that is in partnership with the Institute of Medicine. And that group is continuing on. You'll note some well-known faces here as well. And one of the things we recognize is that there are other global groups in genomics, particularly the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, GA4GH. And they have several similar working groups and areas of emphasis, although they have been primarily focused on research and database generation where the Genomic Medicine Collaboration is focusing much more on implementation in clinical care. And so it made sense to us to really try to get these two groups working together. And we have shared people on working groups, so I'm on some of theirs. We have other NHGRI staff on the GA4GH. And similarly, Peter Goodhans is on one or two of ours as well. So we are working to make that happen. It never happens as easily as you'd like it to, but we're hoping that we can have that occur. And as I mentioned, the goals of this collaborative are really to serve as sort of a nexus or clearinghouse for genomic medicine implementation activities globally, develop opportunities for some demonstration projects like the PGX card that I mentioned, maybe capture and disseminate some best practices and develop a financial model for sustaining these efforts. There is a lot of interest among various governments that actually pursuing this kind of work. Eric mentioned earlier the Inter-Society Coordinating Committee that Wilden has now taken on. That grew out of our fourth Genomic Medicine meeting. Something that is, that we'll be continuing to shepherd kind of through the Genomic Medicine Working Group and through me. Sorry, this is just a screenshot of the Genomics and Genetics Competency Center, the G2C2 resource where we put a lot of the educational products developed. And our colleague, Gene Jenkins, has been leading this admirably for the past about two years. Eric mentioned the training residents in genomics or TRIG model that we learned about from a pathology colleague, Rich Haspel, at Beth Israel Deaconess. And they use what they call a structured approach to learning based on sound curriculum development ideas such as in this sort of landmark resource. They have done needs assessments for this. They're looking at strategies and objectives for teaching based on sort of knowledge-based, performance-based and effective, and I'll describe what those are, and then an evaluation and some dissemination research as well. So the needs assessment was actually done a little bit earlier before they got started in this project, and this is funded by NCI through a grant through NCI. And recognize that really the millennial learner is quite different from the way that I and many others learn in medical school. People in this generation don't go to class, we didn't go to class much, but apparently they don't go at all. And they really, they prefer to sit and listen to lectures at home on their iPads or whatever, and then come in essentially to have discussions. And so this has been referred to as a flip classroom where you send out the lectures, have people watch them, and then they come in for a discussion section that's more performance-based. So one of the things that's really neat about this curriculum is that there are a series of exercises where basically they're given genetic information on, in this example, breast cancer, BRCA1 variants in a given patient.  And then they're asked to link to various databases to learn how to do that, how to interpret them. That's kind of the first lesson. The second lesson is a gene panel, something like MammaPrint or Oncotype DX. The third is a whole exome. The fourth is a whole genome. And each time they're asked to query appropriate databases and interpret them and give advice to a patient, these are done in teams. They've actually done this as a curriculum for residents as well as at meetings. They'll do like an eight-hour session with, you know, two hours on each of those. Very effective and very well received by those who've been involved. One of the neat things about this is that the entire curriculum, all the teaching materials and everything really is available on the American Society for Clinical Pathology website. And if one goes to their website, you can download their materials and use them, sort of customize them as it were. And Rich has published a nice paper on this in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology. When we heard about this, there were several other societies. Remember, the ISCC is actually a group of professional organizations. And the neurologists and the cardiologists and others sort of said, we could do that for our area. And we're putting together a group now to do just that and try to develop modules that could be used by larger numbers of people. The seventh meeting that I mentioned to you was held in October. It was on genomic clinical decision support. Clinical decision support being those little annoying reminders that pop up for clinicians that say, has your patient had their pneumovax or it seems as though they haven't had their colonoscopy. Is there a reason why or whatever. And clinical decision support is a challenge because you have to be careful not to do too much of it or people get tired and they start clicking through the alerts and ignoring them. It's called alert fatigue. You also have to balance off the desires of various institutional councils and others who basically want everything alerted so that they've told the doctors what it is that they need to do and if the doctors don't do it, that's kind of their problem. Obviously, you need to balance those off so that you're not overwhelming people with this kind of information. But for genomics, the clinical decision support probably is, A, essential because the genomic information is so vast. And B, really can be tailored in a way that this really is personalized medicine. And so there are very few people who carry variants that put them at risk for Stevenson syndrome. But boy, when you have one, you want to know it. And so you want to be sure that the CDS only fires when you need it. So it's not only that that person has the variant, but they're about to be prescribed one of these drugs. At any rate, we had a meeting to discuss this. What would be the ideal state? What are the gaps? How can we engage ongoing health IT initiatives such as the Office of the National Coordinator and then to define a prioritized research agenda, recognizing that there's a group at the Institute of Medicine that is also working very actively on genomic clinical decision support as well as in the Office of the National Coordinator. And these were some potential collaborative projects that were identified, developing some use cases, sort of putting together a sandbox where people can kind of go and play with these use cases and various tools and see how they can make them better. A knowledge library, hopefully some kind of an end-to-end project that begins with the evidence and then moves forward to implementation. And a considerable emphasis on the role of the patient as well as the caregiver, somewhat as was described for the ClinGen project and that Genome Connect website that involves patients. The eighth program, as I mentioned, is going to be in June and this is to review our portfolio, again, look at gaps and opportunities for collaboration. Obviously the Precision Medicine Initiative will be probably a little bit better formulated by June and certainly will be the topic of several of those discussions as well. We'd like to engage other NIHICs and other funders in areas that they might be working that we could leverage some of their efforts and look at research needs for NHGRI and other agencies to pursue and maybe also look at ways to capture and disseminate best practices. And then to address questions that have come up in this council, how do we measure really or sets the impact of these programs? So what are good metrics? What are things that are convincing? And what are things that are measurable? Because they can be quite difficult to measure. We're anticipating probably doing a ninth meeting. We do these about once every six to nine months or so. And Howard, Jacob and I have spoken briefly about the potential for some kind of a meeting focusing on how one, how clinical laboratories decide what variants should be reported as kind of secondary findings. It's not kind of the ethics of doing that, but just what criteria do you have and what kind of quality criteria do you need as well as evidence and other things? So stay tuned. We'll be working on developing that. So with that, I'd like to thank everyone who's involved in putting together these programs, particularly our GMWG. And with that, I'll turn to, let's see, Dr. Rodin, would you like to start? You wouldn't like to start? I think the programs that you've put in place are the kinds of things that the Precision Medicine Initiative is gonna require. And so one of the questions that I have when I think about what the Genomic Medicine Working Group has done is sort of how are those efforts gonna be leveraged to sort of expand the scope by an order of magnitude or two? We're all running unlimited bandwidth, but it looks like we're gonna actually have to run on even more limited bandwidth. And that's a good thing. I mean, if the efforts of this institute have been to not only sequence the genomes, the genome and the genomes, but to actually figure out what that means for human health, then these meetings have been an important starting point, and they really are just a starting point. I don't have anything more to add to that. Great. Just before, was it directly to this point?  To that pertain to the question I was gonna ask is, I sense, and maybe it's in the catbird seat that I rest in, is this field's about to explode and at all fronts. And my question really as a community, are we ready for it? And we've been working on that interface between practice and research, rightly so, and again, complimenting you that you've done a great job in facilitating those discussions. But again, what can we do as a community to get us ready for this explosion that I sense is here? Sure, now it's an excellent question and a huge problem. I think one of the things we need to do is to learn from our programs, what are the big barriers? What are the real stomach blocks? Just to take as a simple example in a merge, I think we recognized when we first started looking at some of the arrhythmia genes. Gee, these genes, if you have variants in these, they're supposed to be really bad things, they can cause certain death and that sort of thing. And then you start to look and see, well, gee, we had 40 people, really none of them, only one had a prolonged QT, none of them really had any evidence of family history of sudden cardiac arrest or whatever. So we started asking the question, well, gee, what really is the penetrance of these things? How often do you see these variants in unselected populations and what do they mean in terms of health? And that's where the sort of phase three of a merge, as Dan said, a merge kind of changes every time, as do many of our programs every time they were new. So the whole purpose of that program is to look at 25,000 people with all these variants and see if they have any phenotypic evidence at all. That's just one example. In the Ignite program, for example, we are recognizing that you can't, the things that you can do at a duker, University of Texas or wherever, you can't necessarily do out in a VA hospital or out in, you know, Podunk U or whatever. And so trying to figure out what works and what doesn't in smaller settings is another area. But I think one of the things we really need to do very actively is figure out, you know, what are the lessons, what are the barriers that we've run up against and then use our programs to address those and then hope that that will be taken up by others. I got my degree at Podunk U. It also seems that the president's national, U.S. national research cohort is an opportunity here. Really we can push that interface between research and practice even further from 25,000 to more than a million. That's a real opportunity for us. Totally agree. Howard, Jacob, do you want to come in? Yeah, so I think, Eric, to your point, one of the issues that we were talking about at the Undiagnosed Disease Steering Committee a couple weeks ago at Stanford, we had a face-to-face meeting is that, well, I think there's more and more consensus towards what information do you put together for calling a variant being causal? If it's in the literature, it becomes quite easy, but what types of functional information do you need to add if you don't have another patient? How do you deal with that? And then the whole secondary issue is becoming a major deal and that the different labs that are doing this are all making these calls and how do we come up with strategies around making it? So I think the technology of sequencing is getting really, really good, obviously, but the interpretation and how do we leverage data across sites I think is really important. So that was the discussion we were having is it sounds really easy, but how do we actually put some firm boundaries around what is a secondary, reportable thing for a clinical purpose versus what are we used to doing in research? I think these lines are, they seem concrete, but as you really get in and start looking at it, they're really quite blurry and so I think these, looking at these areas are incredibly important. Carol. So regarding secondary findings, so the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics did publish a list? I mean, is that a good starting point for this discussion? Absolutely, and the SCN5A gene that we mentioned, a couple of councils ago, is on that list and it's one of the most devastating because it's associated with some cardiac death. So that's a good place to start, but even there you have penetrance and other issues. Howard, did you wanna? Yeah, and there's not wide agreement on that. There's a tremendous variability around how people are using those guidelines and where to go forward on that. So there's a lot to be done around that. So I think it's a great discussion point, but it's a long way away from how people are gonna practice medicine with it and how we're gonna use it. Carlos, could we let Jim comment on that? Yeah. I was just gonna say that the NHGRI is of course sponsoring the ClinGen program and one of the whole points of it is to figure out actionability, how to aggregate adjudications of variants, et cetera. So there is a large, large effort that's going on with that. I was going to mention like my ClinGen colleague that this is one of the things that ClinGen's taking on. The thing that really worries me is as we move forward and NIH is paying for less and less of genome sequencing, the incentives to share data have to be made really explicit, right? As I say to people, did you read that paper on a million MRIs that was in nature last week? No, you didn't, because they didn't write it because people don't share MRI data. But that's what we risk being the de facto state, right? There's nothing about genomic data that makes it more shareable than other kinds of data except that the NIH has used its carrots and sticks to say, if you wanna get a grant, you gotta share your genetic data and that's why the field has had this sort of culture of sharing. And so when we think about the Global Alliance projects and beacons and all the security concerns, we really need to think very hard about the incentive structure to really allow the data to be shared or else it's gonna be a big problem, right? And I think Bob, last time you mentioned that the ACMG had put in their sort of code of ethics that if you run a lab, sorry, the what? ABMG, okay. That if you run a lab, you're sort of obligated to share data. And I think ClinGen's doing some of that at the variant level. We wanna start doing that at the individual level, but it really is, I think, gonna be one of the biggest bottlenecks to our being able to aggregate this kind of data. Now, that's an excellent point if I could just follow up and then I'll call on Bob and you may remember and Eric slides on the Precision Medicine Initiative, one of the things he said was going to be very different about this is the involvement of participants. And one of the things we're really anticipating is we will have participants who want their data out there and we will have them actively engaged and then we can deal with a lot of the consent issues. So just to this point, Lusso. Yeah, because sometimes it's not only the participants wanting the institutions that hold the rest of the data need to participate in some form. So I think that's important. The other minor thing I just had a protest about clinical decision support and not it's just not the annoying pop-ups that show up. There's more to it, but that's the manifestation of a sometimes bad implemented one. Good point. So Bob and then Artie. So I just wanted to make two comments. One is about the educational issues. So I think there are different levels on which this can happen. I put together something similar to this for our UCSF medical school curriculum that we just had it last week where I had a bunch of students go through variants and go through databases and figure out what's going on and it was a very good flip classroom situation. And a couple of pathologists that I know actually took my stuff and used it for their teaching. And I'm thinking this, what these guys have done is an order of magnitude better than what I did. This ASCP thing. So I'm assuming that AMP as well as the association of professors of medical and human genetics know about this curricula and that we can sort of start getting it infiltrating into both student and resident education. So both AMP and the APHMG and many other CAP and others are members of this inter-society coordinating committee. How the messages get from their representatives to their leadership, but we just try to keep repeating it as much as we can. Well, I'll work on AMP. That would be great. I'm sort of getting involved with them. The other issue about the sharing of data, I think these volunteer efforts and I'm a member of the ClinGen consortium and also the Global Alliance. I think they're all really terrific but fundamentally I think that CMS and the FDA are gonna have to make sharing data a requirement to provide clinical services. Period. I think it's gotta be a regulation. Thanks, and you'll have the opportunity to share some of those thoughts soon. Yes, Artie. So I feel an obligation to plug an Institute of Medicine report that came out a few weeks ago on sharing of clinical trial data. I was on the committee that wrote that report and one funny comment, one serious comment. The funny comment is that everyone else on the committee was a clinical trial list of some sort. And I said, oh, well, the genomicists have been doing this for years now. Why can't you guys just do it? And they were like, oh, the genomicists are very different. You know. And so I thought. And but more seriously, the report does have a range of different policy options that everyone who is interested in the question of sharing, particularly clinical trial data should consider. I will agree with Bob that it's without some sort of regulatory hammer though, such as what EMA is doing in the European Medicines Agency. I suspect it'll be much more of a challenge than we would hope it would to be. Additionally, I do think that the report itself does not call for FDA regulation. I think that it would have to be something that Congress would have to become interested in. But I think that that is something that should be on Congress's agenda at some point. Great points. Okay, I think that'll do it. Let's take it here. Probably not. Okay. Now this came out of Eric's presentation, came out of a request from council to get a report or an update on the Alzheimer's disease sequencing project. And is this our NIA contingent over here? This is Marilyn Miller, is a program director at NIA and has been taking the lead on the Alzheimer's program. And Dr. Schellenberg is from the University of Pennsylvania and Dr. Mayhew. Mayhew, sorry. Oh, so is Dr. Mayhew not with us? Okay. He didn't die. He's still with us. Anyway, they're available for the discussion part of this. So Eric, take us away.


Place of articulation deals with the placement of the vocal organs when producing a sound. Before we can cover the particulars of places of articulation, we'll need to take a look at the various vocal organs and their locations. Moving from the front to the back, we begin with our lips. We can use both lips in order to create a sound, or we can use one of our lips with one of our rows of teeth, usually the top in order to produce another sound. We also have other sounds which use both of the rows of teeth. Further back we have what's called the alveolar ridge. That's the bit of the mouth that may get burnt when we're eating a pizza that's a bit too hot and the cheese burns just behind our top two teeth. That again is the hard bit just behind our top teeth called the alveolar ridge. Just behind that we have our hard palate and we use that to create some sounds and behind our hard palate is our soft palate or what some people refer to as our vellum. We use those to create a few sounds as well. Within that from the front to the back we do have our nasal cavity and then finally we have our vocal cords and we use those for a few sounds as well. Let's take a look at how the various parts come together to make these sounds. Sounds which utilize both the top and bottom lips are called bilabial sounds. They typically come together as we're making the sound as an b, p, and m, but can also be used closed as when saying the sound w. In either instance we're either closing our mouth or using both lips to create that w sound. Sounds which utilize the bottom lip and the top row of teeth are known as labial dental sounds. The two sounds that are used in this way are the f and v sounds. Again we're using our top row of teeth and our bottom lips to create our f and v sounds. Dental sounds involve placing the tongue between both the top and the bottom rows of teeth. There are only two sounds made in this way and those are both of the th sounds. One is voiced, one isn't voiced. The unvoiced sound is f as in think. The other is voiced and it's z as in that.


The Romance of the Ranchos Los Angeles 1830 American violates custom to win lovely senorita Los Angeles 1850 Murder of prominent American narrowly averted Los Angeles 1860 First theatrical troupe plays Los Angeles The title insurance and trust company of Los Angeles presents the romance of the ranchos A weekly dramatization of the colorful events and characters which make California history so interesting Each week our wandering vocero Frank Graham returns to tell another true story of the days of the dawn War savings bonds is the new official name for the securities that were formerly called defense savings bonds The change in name is significant It indicates that America is now turning its attention to the all-out aggressive warfare which alone can bring final victory So let us on the home front take the offensive tool Let us resolve again to go all out with the weapons we have Our dimes and dollars Buy a war savings bond tomorrow And now here to tell us the story is our wandering vocero Frank Graham Buenas noches señoras y señores Tonight we're going to trace the highlights from the life of Don Juan Tempo One of the earliest American pioneers in Southern California On the land of Rancho Los Cerritos, his home, the great city of Long Beach now stands The history of this man and the land furnish a romantic chapter in the romance of the ranchos It was in the year 1827 that this young Massachusetts born man, John Tempo Stepped off a sailing ship in the sleepy little part of Alta California, San Diego They just beaten a course from far away Honolulu And the travelers were thankful to set foot on dry land It's mighty pleasant, isn't it? Being able to stand up on your two feet Not feel a deck sliding out from under you I must admit that the feel of the land is a good one Even if it is in such a God forsaken out-of-the-way spot Oh, you mean this lovely little village in San Diego? Sure, and what kind of hallucinations are you having? Lovely little village is it? You're daft man Never have I seen a more desolate spot in the face of the globe Hot, dry, baked, dirty, lonely In other words, this is not the sort of landscape that suits your fancy Putting it mildly Why, anyone in his right mind would want to be putting up here I don't know But as for me, it only makes me long the more for my green hills of Killarney No, maybe you're right Come back in a year or two and I'll tell you what I think A year or two? Come back here Yeah, and when you do, look me up Here's where we say goodbye Oh man, what are you saying? Getting off here?  How will you live? What in the world? Oh, don't worry From all I hear about this country, I'll get along all right A man can make his fortune here, they tell me Live like a king Oh, but live in here with these provincials I think I like them You know, they take things easy No Russia, fuss, sounds good to me Anyway, there's nothing you can say to change my mind I've thought it all over, so I'm going to stay You rarely mean it Uh-huh The first thing I'm going to do is get myself baptized in their church Then I'll become a citizen And then I... Well, I'll just be one of them I should get along all right Man, you are crazy And it'll be my sad duty to tell all your friends That John Temple has buried himself alive At the end of the earth And California was just about the end of the earth As far as the rest of the world was concerned Back in 1827, when John Temple became one of the first Americans to settle here A few ships stopped at widely separated ports along the coast But the towns were still the sleepy Mexican villages John Temple had an idea that he'd find a good life And he was right For a while he made his headquarters in San Diego But soon he discovered Los Angeles and the beautiful countries surrounding it Then too, there was another traction nearby The Senorita Rafael Acota was a traction enough for any man And soon Don Juan Temple was head over heels in love with the bright-eyed Spanish beauty Finally, he called upon her one day Senor Don Juan, it is you Senorita, where is this? Won't you come in? Sí, gracias I'm sorry, Senor We did not expect visitors today My mother is not at home No? Well, I'm just as happy for that, Senorita For it's you I came to see Senor, you flatter me Senorita Rafael, one cannot flatter the beauty of a sunrise Senor And don't you, Manuela, charming as she is Could hardly hold the attraction for a young man that her lovely daughter does Senor Temple, you are too bold It is not proper that we should talk here like this alone But it is This is just the chance I've been waiting for For a long time We've never had a chance to speak Well, privately Always there must be a mother or your aunt or someone That is the costume of my country, Senor You know that? Young people should not be alone But there are things I want to say to you that I just can't say in front of other people That is the very reason for the costume You must not say them It is not proper Senorita Rafael, certainly there are times when you'd like to talk to a man That is beside the point, Senor What we might wish is not important We cannot It is not done But Americanos have no manners anyway, Senorita I'm an American So please don't run off Stay for just a minute But Senor I have something I want to ask I know that in your country I should ask someone else first But I just can't do it I can't until I know how you feel Aye, Senor Don Juan Very well I shall sit here Now, what is it? Well, I... You said you wanted to ask me something Well, I see, yes I did Well, now I have stayed I am here seated beside you What did you want to ask?  See, I am Now that the time has really come And I really have my chance I'm afraid that your answer might not be What I want to hear Well, I cannot say what my answer will be If you do not ask Come, Senor What did they say?  But what did you want to ask me? Um, well I love you, Raffiana I want you to be my wife Oh, Senorita I know I'm not much to look at Probably you don't love me But I think I can make you love me in time And I'll try my best to make you happy Senor, I'm shocked Shocked that you should speak of such a subject to me Without my mother's permission Oh, I know But I had to find out how you felt I just couldn't bring myself to A bold one If I had known the subject of your question I should never have consented to listen Oh, no, please, don't be angry I apologize for my lack of manners You should, Senor And now I must ask you to go Senorita You won't even tell me if you'd be pleased If I ask your mother? It is not proper, Senor And you must go Very well then I guess that's plain enough How you feel I'm sorry to have troubled you, Senorita When is this? But, Senor Wait Please I... Well Perhaps it would be better if I were to go And you were to wait here Wait here? See My mother, she will be here at any minute And Well You might address your question to her The proper person Senorita You mean You want me to? I should be most unhappy If you did not Carry the meal And so Don Juan Tempo found love in California too Soon he was married and settled in Los Angeles And he started in business for himself Very quickly his little store prospered For the Yankee had a keen business sense Well, here you go They've arrived Give you me those great packages from Mesa go seas in your temple They are here But I haven't had time to unpack them yet Never mind, we'll unpack just one of the packages tonight And have them ready to sell tomorrow Just one They're all alike See the whole batch What an order Never have I seen so many packages It took a whole train of cars to bring them They're Serapis Serapis Madre de Dios, is that all? Just thousands of Serapis That's all But Senorita, what an effort nobody sells Serapis That's just the point Nobody does sell any And yet everybody uses them It's considered a great treat to get a new Serapis Imported from Mexico And nobody has thought of importing some to sell right here Well, that's your right Of course I'm right You watch and see Everybody will be buying Serapis From me I've got a corner on the business Talent in cornering the market on a product which everybody used Was typical of John Temple's genius for business Soon he was prosperous A big man in a growing Pueblo He never went in for politics But at one point in 1836 His store was the meeting place for a crowd of the town's most important citizens I'm telling you Senors These things have gone on far enough We've had enough of Robin and horse teaming and killing Yes, ma'am, ma'am But what are we going to do about it? I'll tell you what we're going to do about it We're going to have a police force That's right Up to now we've never had any need for them But things are different these days You'll have a hard time getting the citizens to put up their money for a police force Sure we would Only this police force won't be paid Now, because we're going to do the policing ourselves You mean we're going to be the police force? That's right, Senorita This meeting was called to form the first company of the Los Angeles Vigilante Society In those rough days, strong measures were needed to protect peaceful citizens from lawlessness John Temple was to learn that himself by hair-raising experience Since there were no banks in those days Most people kept their ready cash hidden somewhere about the house When they needed things, they dug up the family hoard John Temple, however, had a system He made regular shipments to San Francisco Where his shippers kept a credit balance on hand for him He used to carry the money down to the boat at San Pedro And it was after one such lonely trip That he was confronted by his worried brother, Francis, who had joined him in California John, John, glory be to you It's really you Thanks a lot Well, what in the hell are you talking about, man?  How do you feel? Francis, will you please explain yourselves? You mean you don't know? No, no what? Well, didn't anything happen? When? On your ride down to San Pedro Of course not It was a very pleasant ride Nothing at all out of the way Good Lord How you escaped, I don't know We were just forming a posse to look for you A posse? Oh, now look here, Francis Explain to me what this is all about Why in the world should you send a posse out after me? I'm old enough to take care of myself We just got word a little while ago That bandit Dave Brown was bragging around town That he was going to hold you up He even told them his plans just before he left He was going to waylay you on the road to San Pedro And then kill and rob you Good Lord Me with all that gold You didn't even see him No Well, I took a different road today Had some property I wanted to see over in the left bank of the river So I rode that way No wonder He's probably still lying and waiting the main road to San Pedro Holy Moses I don't know what made me change my route today But I thank the Lord I did As Los Angeles grew And John Temple's fortune grew with it The American began to dream of new fields to conquer He longed to own a great ram show As had a few other Americans And one day as he talked to his wife A solution came to him Ah, it'd be great Just think, Raffaele To have a lovely home in the country A great ram show of your own See, I know You forget I have known ram show life In fact, I own part of ram show Los Cerritos See, so you do I'd almost forgotten Oh, but all your brothers and sisters Own part of it too I mean one All our own But have you thought Perhaps Los Cerritos could be ours All ours Why? What do you mean? None of my brothers and sisters live there It is useless to them They are not interested in being rancheros Many are married, live elsewhere The land is not used at all No, but that doesn't change the fact that they own it It could Many times I have heard my brothers express the desire To sell their share in the ram show They would rather have what money they could get Than the land No, they've really said that See, and as for the girls What do they care about it? They have ram shows or homes of their own I see, of course, right under my nose A fine ram show Fertile land for grazing Big enough for thousands of cattle Close to the harbor Everything's ideal And I hadn't even thought of it But you have now See, with your help Caridamia And I shall buy the rancher Los Cerritos From your brothers and sisters And on it I shall build a most beautiful home For you If you own a car You probably have insurance on it So that if it should be stolen Your loss would be repaid by the insurance company When you buy a home Title insurance is just as necessary Because here, too, you run the risk of serious loss If your title is ever proved invalid Perhaps because of some illegal sale Or transfer long ago You can lose your home Now, obviously, you may have neither the time Nor the required experience To examine your own title But you can buy the service of experts To do this for you When you get title insurance From the title insurance and trust company Of Los Angeles The company will not only do this work for you But it will also ensure the accuracy Of its findings It also protects you against many common Off-the-record defects Not revealed by the public records And any loss or legal expense That you may suffer ever Because of any one of these defects Will be repaid by the company Up to the full amount of the policy Title insurance is the only safe And sound protection Of your investment in land And title insurance and trust company Of Los Angeles Provides this protection At rates so moderate That no property owner Can afford to be without it Learn how inexpensively You can obtain title insurance For your property For $275 a piece To each of the 12 children Of Dona Manuela Nieto de Cota Don Juan Temple purchased The great Rancho Los Cerritos Upon which today stands most Of the city of Long Beach There he built a great hacienda Now, he was a great cattle baron As well as merchant His interests, his investments And his affluence grew apace Soon he held a mortgage For the Mexican government's mint In Mexico City A mortgage for which he once refused $1 million cash His ventures in Los Angeles Were to make him famous, too For in 1858, at Main and Temple streets Was completed a great building A building built by Don Juan And called the Temple Block But at first, this venture was a failure Because... But George, what's wrong? Why won't you rent space? Well, Johnny, it's a mighty fine building Best in these parts, no doubt about that Well, I... I don't know... Now, wait a minute There must be some reason You say it's fine But you don't want to rent space for a store You say it's the best building in Los Angeles But you're gonna stay where you are Now what's the matter? Am I asking too high rent? Oh, no Your rent's mighty reasonable Considering how new and fine everything is No, it ain't rent And what in heaven's name is it? Oh, nothing, Johnny It's fine But you won't rent I don't understand Here, I build what I think Will be the show place of Los Angeles And nobody, nobody will rent it And won't even tell me what's wrong You really want to know, Johnny Would I be asking you if I didn't want to know? Well, just take a look at the door Yeah? Well, what's wrong with it? It's a perfectly good door Oh, yes But look what leads up to it You mean the steps? Yep, that's it, Johnny Steps Why couldn't you have built your stores Flush with the streets? Why did you have to raise them up And put steps up to the door? Well, why not? It's more artistic Looks better No, but you'd starved to death In those stores Starved to death? Sure, you know You ran a store once People won't climb stairs to buy, Johnny No, sorry They just won't climb stairs As long as they feel that way And as long as you got stairs on your stores I'll stay where I am The defect remedied John Temple's building prospered And in spite of the shaky start as a builder He completed an even larger project the next year In 1859 This was the first Los Angeles courthouse A landmark for many years It was an unusual building for the Los Angles Of that day in many respects For instance, it had a high tower With a huge four-sided clock It was such a local landmark Sir, here you are I just stepped right up here I've got a real bargain to show you, sir What are you selling, young man? I just arrived in your fair city From the mighty Metropolis of the East And I brought with me the latest in timepieces Now right here's a lovely old Genuine silver-plated pocket watch As fine As fine little crock As ever was offered for only $3 Now, it's a special bargain to you, sir I'll give it to you for only... A watch, you say, young man? Never mind giving me a bargain It won't do you no good Well, yes, but my dear man No one can afford to be without a watch Temperature does feel good Time is precious, you know How long you've been in this town, young fella? I just arrived this morning, sir You're my first customer And that's why I'm willing to pop With this jewel of a timepiece for only... Well, sonny, you picked the wrong town Take a look up there Huh? Well, see that there, clock on the tower there? Oh, well, it's got four faces You can see it from a mile outside of town From any direction Nobody in this town keeps a watch They don't need them You'd better catch the next boat out You expect to make your living Selling them chronometers Although the lower floor of the temple block Was given over to a great city market The upstairs soon took on importance in the city life The courtrooms of the United States District Judges Took up a part of the upstairs And the other half became The first theater in Los Angeles Great was the excitement when, in November of 1860 The company of Stark and Rider Imported all the way from San Francisco Inaugurated the new stage No more will you be pursued By this vile villain, little Nell For I, true blue herald, will protect you And virtue is triumphant, once again The man might get loose But he's not safe with a man like that around Oh, but Mark, it's only play acting He ain't really a villain Oh, don't tell me I saw him with my own eyes And he must be a bad man to play that part so well And besides George Smith I saw you making sheep's eyes at that That painted hussy on the stage Come on, you're going home right now John Campbell introduced the first theater in Los Angeles And was a leader in bringing other cultural advantages And civic improvements to the fast growing little town Early he'd been instrumental in founding a library association And acted as its first president He had planted the first trees on downtown streets Around his temple block Late in 1860, he put in the first brick sidewalk A vast improvement over the rickety wooden ones in use But he made one mistake For one day, the following summer John Campbell Don't sling that Spanish at me I'm going to sue you What, sue me? Oh, what for George? What have I ever done to you?  It's that black pitch, that tar Where'd you get it? Well, I got to do it Where'd I get it? From off in your sidewalks, that's where You covered your bricks with that dad-blasted La Brea tar And now in the heat of the day Well, look, look out the window Just take a look at them Well, what in the world? Yeah, just look at them Look at the people practically wading through that soft tar Well, they're worse than the old mud sidewalks I didn't think about the hot sun No, well, you had better do something about it pretty quick Or you're going to have to buy everybody in town A new pair of shoes In spite of an occasional embarrassing moment John Temple Sir Main Street The aging pioneer was honored By having the thoroughfare named Temple Street The name it still bears But now, old Don Juan was not young anymore And the cares of business weighed heavy upon him So it was that in 1866 He gave directions to his business agent Don Inacio Garcia Welcome to Rancho Los Ritos, Don Inacio Garcia's Don Juan You have a nice trip down See, it is always pleasant to come down here To this beautiful Rancho I don't blame you for staying here most of the time Yes, I know what you mean But that's what I called you down here for I'm not going to stay here anymore Not stay here anymore You're coming into town? No, I'm going to sell out my Amiga Leave Don Juan, you don't mean that You're not going to leave California But why? Where will you go? What are you thinking? I know, I know It was a hard decision to make But I've made it You see, I've made my pile I'm comfortably fixed If I sell the Rancho Pull up stakes My family and I can travel See the world But where? Where will you go? Oh, Paris maybe You know, we went over there a while back My wife lights it And my daughter found a handsome gentleman over there So maybe Paris My Amigo, but surely you will come back I don't know That remains to be seen But I'll keep in touch with you You will still handle my business All except Los Ritos here And what about the Rancho? I'm going to sell I've talked to a couple of fellas Flint, Bixby and company that call themselves And they've offered me $20,000 in gold Caramba, that is a good price See, especially since things Have been going badly here for some time Drought, taxes and everything I'll be glad to get out from under That is a very good price I wonder why they pay that much In these times They're willing too for a reason Dona Nacio There's going to be a change here soon Change? Oh, yeah, it's coming These men aren't thinking of Los Ritos As a cattle rancher They're going to raise sheep Sheep? Yeah They'll make a go of it too They're going to raise sheep On a southern California rancher I know it'll offend the cattlemen But it'll save the rancheros You wait and see Why don't you stay and raise sheep? Oh, no, me neither I'll leave that to the others I'm going to relax a little now Enjoy life a little No This is goodbye to California For John Temple But John Temple never did say goodbye to California For he only had time to sell the rancho He settled up his affairs And traveled as far as San Francisco Before death caught up with him late in 1866 Thus ended a life which meant much To the early growth of our Southland A pioneer whose enterprise Spelled progress for the community Such is the romance of the ranchos In California's early days Land was bought and sold Traded and mortgaged much as it is today But the total volume of such transactions Naturally was much less The customary procedure Before modern title insurance service was available Was to have some confident person Make a search of all the available public records And make a report, which was called an abstract This abstract was then passed upon by an attorney And the deal was closed If, in his opinion, the title was sound The purchaser, however, had no insurance To protect him against loss In the event that some document Might have been accidentally overlooked Or incorrectly construed Today, such insurance is available From the title insurance and trust company of Los Angeles And because of the efficiency Of its hundreds of trained employees Both the search of the records And the insurance of the accuracy Of the complete title examination Cost modern landowners much less Than partial protection did in the early days And now, Frank, what's the story for next week? Next week, we're going to trace The history of a romantic tract of land Which houses a great part of Hollywood In Los Angeles today The Rancho La Brea, which was owned by A colorful pioneer of the Southland Major Henry Hancock It's a dramatic story which goes back Clear to prehistoric times For on the Rancho are the La Brea pits From which many valuable prehistoric relics Have been taken, be sure to hear And now, this is your wandering Vaquero Frank Graham saying Hasta la vista, señoras y señores The romance of the Ranchos A presentation of the title insurance And trust company of Los Angeles Featuring Frank Graham as the wandering Vaquero is dramatized by John Dunkel And produced by Ted Bliss With special music arranged by Gaylord Carter Bob LeMond saying goodnight This is the Columbia Broadcasting System


This is your FBI. This is your FBI, an official broadcast from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, presented as a public service by the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. To your FBI you look for national security, and to the Equitable Society for Financial Security. These two great institutions are dedicated to the protection of you, your home, and your country. Tonight, the story of a crime against society. Impersonation. In the course of an ordinary year, the FBI handles big cases and small cases. Big cases like the trapping of the German saboteurs who were sent here to steal the secrets of the atomic bomb. And small cases, well small cases such as the one you're going to hear about tonight. The important thing about tonight's case is not the sum of money involved or even the people involved, for the criminals are petty thieves. The important thing is that the FBI took as much time and effort as it did on this comparatively minor infraction of the law. No case is too big for the FBI, and none is too small if it violates the federal statute under the FBI's jurisdiction. Our story tonight opens in a tourist cabin on the outskirt of a small town near New York. It is early in the morning, and a pleasant white-haired old lady is talking to her son. Father, can I help you with anything? No, I'm all set, Mom. Come here, let me look at you. Okay. Well, nice and neat. Just straighten your tile. Sure, Mom, sure. You must always look your best before you go out to do business. Sure. That was one of your father's rules. That was one of the reasons he was such a grand success. How's the time now? Oh, that looks fine. Well, I'd better get going. Wait, son. You, you'd better take this along with you. Yes. What do I need that for? It was your father's done, Robert. Mom, it's not that kind of a job. I wanted to take it anyway. Your father always carried it when he began a new venture. He was so sentimental. Okay, let's have it. That's a good boy. I'll see you later, Mom. Robert? You forgot something. What? Come here, son. Have a good day, Robert. Yes, sir. You're John Gordon? Yes. My name is Perry, Government Inspector. Government? Oh, well, come on in. Thanks. Emily? Yes, John. Government Inspector. Oh, this is my wife. How do you do, Mr. Perry? Well, what can I do for you, sir? I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you, too. Bad news? It's about those white leg horns you had delivered yesterday. Yes. I took a few from the craters that were being unloaded and sent them out to the laboratory. Well, what's the bad news? Well, I'm afraid we're going to have to condemn all of your chickens. Condemn them? Why? Two of them showed signs of tuberculosis. Oh, no. That couldn't be. Our reports are never wrong, Mr. Gordon. Couldn't the chickens be treated? Fixed up some way? I'm afraid not. What can we do, Mr. Perry? Well, you can sue the people you bought them from and the government service will stand behind you. Oh, by the way, have you got a lawyer? No. We haven't any money either. That's a shame. Well, I'll tell you what I'm going to do. You both look like honest people.  Well, now, Mr. Perry... Let me make you out of check. Well, now, I don't think you... Well, really, this is really very nice of you, Mr. Perry. Mr. Perry, I don't think we ought to... There's my check for $50. You can pay me when you get your money back for the chickens. I don't know how we can thank you, Mr. Perry. Oh, don't mention it. Oh, Mr. Gordon, have you got a man around the farm who can help me load the chickens under my truck? No, but I'll help you myself. Come on, Emily. Yes. Mr. Perry helped us. Now, let's us help him. No one was to blame because this petty crook had successfully impersonated the federal official. No one was to blame, but it was important that Robert Perry be apprehended. Because his brazen theft had been a sudden catastrophe for the farmer and his wife. That wiped out 10 years of hard work. Because women are more suspicious than men, it was Emily Gordon who telephoned the FBI. Telephoned them and told her story. A short time later, Emily and John Gordon were at the FBI's New York office. This man impersonated a government inspector, Mr. Gordon? Yes, sir. That's what he said he was. You would try to give me as much of a description of him as you can? Well, he was about 40 years old. And he was kind of stocky, John. How tall would you say he was? Uh, about 5 feet 10. And he wore glasses. Only when he wrote the check, didn't he? Oh, yes. I remember that. How about his hair and his clothes? What was he wearing? Well, he had kind of brown hair. He was wearing a blue suit. How about the truck he was driving? It was a 1940 Chevrolet. How do you know so exactly? Well, Bill Miller up the road from us has one. Mr. Perry's truck was painted brown, and he didn't have any writing on the sides. This is really asking too much, but you didn't happen to notice the license plate number, did you? Oh, no, I did. I don't know what the whole number is, but it started with a one and a three and a five. Yes, that's it, I'm sure. One, three, five. Well, that's fine. That'll be a big help. Hi, Dad. Now, come on in, Bill. Get anything? Your hunch was right. I called the bank. No one named Robert Perry has an account there. I guess we'd better send out a teletype. Yes, alert all retail and wholesale chicken dealers within 100 miles. Send Perry's description and a description of the truck. Right. Maybe we can give Mr. Perry a little indigestion from too much chicken. Driving too fast for you, Mom? Oh, no, no.  No, just thinking. About what? About your father. He'd have been very proud of you today, son. Thanks, Mom. You did a fine job. Now, isn't this better than passing checks? Yeah, I guess it is. Those places where you were passing checks were always looking for dishonesty. That's because they were dishonest themselves. Yes, your father always said, if it's larceny you're thinking of, you're much better off dealing with honest people. One thing bothers me, though, Mom. When I passed a check, I had cash. Now we've got chickens. What do we do with them? We drive to Waterbury and sell them. That's easy, isn't it? Yeah, but who do we sell them to? No, don't worry about that. Why, have you got a customer? Certainly. When I was in Waterbury yesterday, I took care of that. Yeah, I told the man I had some chickens to sell. Told him I was closing down my farm. Didn't he ask you why? Yeah, I told him that my son was going into the army and I had to sell out, you see.  Fortunately for the FBI and all other law enforcement agencies, the human brain has channels. And ideas tend to run along the same line time after time. It accounts for the odd fact that some thieves like Robert Perry love to pass bad checks. Bad checks are always returned. And this bad check was to haunt Robert Perry. For the next morning in the New York offices of the FBI, Special Agents Baker and Webster were looking at a report from Washington. A report on Robert Perry's bad check. How far back does he go? Over 10 years. Caught once in the very beginning. That's how he happened to have this much of a record. Did three months. Since then he's been working in spurts. Anything else besides the bad checks? No, kind of puzzles me. This isn't his kind of a job. His father maybe yes, but the old man's dead. His father was a thief? Yes, his mother too. Mr. Perry can trace his family tree all the way back to Alcatraz. Hello, Baker speaking. You have? Good. Where? Waterbury. Hold on to it. We're leaving now. Come on, Bill. What's up? The Waterbury police have picked up Perry's truck. Grab your hat. Let's get going. Hello, Sergeant. I'm Baker in the New York office FBI. Oh, how are you? Hello, Sergeant. How do you do, sir? Well, gentlemen, somebody just called to claim the truck. Perry? No, a legitimate fellow. Who is he? Sergeant Waterbury. How did he get hold of it? I'll let him tell you that. He's right in here. Mr. Crawford? Mr. Crawford, these gentlemen are special agents of the FBI. How are you, gentlemen? How do you do, Mr. Crawford? Would you mind telling us how you happened to get hold of that truck? I bought it. Same time I bought the chickens. From whom? A real nice old lady. She came in to see me on Tuesday. Said she had to sell her farm because her son was going into the army. She reminded me of my mother. Nice old lady. Bill. I think this nice old lady is Perry's mother. Yes. Mr. Crawford, this is very important. Was there a man with this nice old lady? Yes. Did he look about 40 years old, pretty stocky, about 5 feet, 10 inches tall, wearing a blue suit? Did he have brown hair? Yes. That's the fellow who was with her. Where did they go? Why, after I bought the truck, the old lady asked me if I'd drive them to the railroad station. They took the 521 out of here. She said they were going to New York. They're in New York by now. Well... We'd better get down there before that nice old lady sells somebody the Brooklyn Bridge. We momentarily close the file on Robert Perry impersonator. We will return to this case in just a moment. Now will you join the Equitable Society in a salute to the United States merchant marine to the more than 100 privately operated American steamship companies and to the bold and hearty merchant seamen who sail under the American flag. These companies and these men are the inheritors of a great tradition that goes back to the Yankee whalers from old New Bedford and Nantucket town. They are the spiritual heirs of the daring crews that drove the tall-masted clipper ships around the horn. And in this war, they have written new and glorious entries into the records of American seamanship. From Murmans to the Philippines, undaunted by minefields, suicide planes, and wolfpacks of submarines, they have delivered the cargoes on which our armed forces depend. Without these gallant vessels, America would have been forced to fight a defensive war. So here's to the ships and the men who operate and man them. May they be as successful in the years of peace that lie ahead as they are fearless in war. For many gentlemen, there has been a close bond between the American merchant marine and the equitable life-assurance society of the United States. Thousands of operators and sailors are members of our society. Hundreds of the ships they sail were launched from shipyards in which equitable society funds have long been invested. And thousands of the wartime cargoes they transport come from factories that equitable dollars help build. For in wartime, equitable society dollars have been fighting dollars. And at all times, they are security dollars.  And now, back to the file on Robert Perry. Impersonated. In every case the FBI works on, the criminal has the advantage in the beginning. That advantage is the element of surprise. The criminal is the one who calls his shots. Once a crime has been committed though, the FBI begins to move, begins to close the doors of escape. But first they must find the criminal. In a city like New York, a city with 7 million populations, it is almost impossible to find two inconspicuous people. Two people like Robert Perry and his mother. It is almost impossible to locate them in New York if they're in New York. It is impossible to locate them in New York if they are as Robert Perry and his mother were in a small tourist cabin in southern New Jersey. Well, Mom, the weatherman is on our side. Yes, it's a beautiful day. I think I'll go swimming. Mr. Haskell got his delivery of chicken yesterday, son. Oh, Mom, let's take a little rest. Not on vacation, son. Haskell is an apple on a tree. We can pick him whenever we want. Your father always said strike while the iron is hot. Oh, those were different times. Times never change in our business. Oh, look, Mom, why don't we settle down someplace? I can't settle down. Why not? Well, I never want to stay in one place that long. Oh, but you're getting older now. Your father always said the person's as old as he feels. Okay. I guess I better go to work then. Son, I... I meant to talk to you. About what? I... I found a checkbook in your blue suit. Mom, I haven't cashed a check. There was one missing. Oh, I gave it to that farmer up in Connecticut. Why? Well, I felt sorry for him. But, son, you left a calling card. I asked you, Robert. You asked me not to cash any checks. I didn't. I gave one away. Well, well, it's done now, and your father always said there was no point in crying over spilled milk. I'll see you later, Mom. Robert? Huh? You forgot something. What? Come here, son. I want to help some people. A sign will read wet paint, but some people get paint on their clothes. A sign on the highway will read slow down, curve ahead, but some people get killed. A warning is issued by the FBI. But some people, some stubborn, self-sufficient people, get robbed. You've seen cards with a criminal's picture in his description. Those cards are called identification orders. Despite the fact that every chicken dealer in the east had gotten an identification order on Robert Perry, he was not caught. Twice in the next month, Perry and his mother worked their swindle again. And the New York offices of the FBI, Special Agents Baker and Webster were going over the latest reports. I don't understand why those identification orders didn't work. Both farmers got them. They admitted that. Yes, and he followed the pattern exactly both times. He's always been a government inspector and the chicken disease has always been tuberculosis. And don't forget mom. Good old mom has always sold the chickens because her son was going in the army. I don't know how we can make it any easier for the farmers. We can't, unless we tell them not to answer the door. Of course, the people who got stuck are not the farmers. They got their chickens back.  That's it. What? The truck. That's the angle we've been overlooking. What about the truck? It's a legitimate purchase every time. You're right. Every time Perry sells one of the trucks, he and his mother come back down to New York. That means they're buying the trucks here. I think we've got something, Dan. Yes. Got one of the Perry identification orders in your desk? Yes, but we'll need more than one. No, let's not take another chance that people won't read them. What are you going to do? I'm going to call on every second-hand truck dealer in New York. I'll go with you. Okay, let's move. For three days, three long weary days, Special Agents Baker and Webster reviewed truck dealers. The response was always the same. Sorry, I like to help, but never saw the man. Sorry, I never saw the man. Then, on the fourth day... I know this is the right way to do it, Dan, but if we don't find Perry's trail pretty soon... I know. I keep seeing second-hand trucks in my dreams. Here's the used car lot. Yes. I'll get out on your side. Okay. That looks like someone in charge. Yes, gentlemen. How do you do, sir? My name is Baker. I'm from the FBI. The FBI? Yes, here are my credentials. Oh, I see. This is Mr. Webster. How do you do? How do you do? If this is an investigation of some sort, gentlemen, I run my business clean. No black market. We're not checking on black market operations. Take a look at this picture, Mr. Turner. Ever see that man before? I think so. His face is familiar, but I see so many people. Try to remember. If he was here, he was probably with a nice old lady. Oh, sure. I remember them now. You do? When were they here? Well, let's see. Today's Friday. He was here Wednesday. That's it, Wednesday afternoon. Did he buy a truck? Paid me cash, too. Lucky. What do you mean, lucky? Sometimes he pays by check. And they drove right out of here in the truck. They didn't buy any chance to say where they were going. No, they didn't. I want to wait a minute. I'm trying to think. He asked me for the best road to Albany. Albany? Yes, sir. Thank you, Mr. Turner. Let's whip down to Grand Central and grab the next train north. Right. The woman's place is in the home, so let's find a home for Mrs. Parrick. Albany, New York has been an important American city since the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825. It is the capital of New York State. It has a population of 561,000. It is a city of steep hills and lovely scenery. And on the outskirts of Albany, you'll find lush farmland. Lush farmland and lots of chickens. In addition to all of these things Albany had on this particular day, in the FBI field office, two special agents. Two hard-working agents named Baker and Webster. Hi, Bill. Hi. Any luck? No. I checked the local police and they haven't spotted Perry's truck yet. I went up to the Chamber of Commerce and checked all of the big chicken dealers by phone. No luck either. Well, where do we go from here? I think we've got all the holes sealed up. Let's just wait for Perry to try to get through. Maybe we'll get some help from the identification orders. Could be. We've certainly sent enough of them out. Sometimes it looks as if the people who get the IOs must make their ads and tear them up. Bill, we're missing a bet. What's that? IOs are also put up in railroad stations. That's what made me think of it. Think of one. We ought to be at the railroad station, not here. Why, to catch Perry as he's leaving town? No, but you remember that first farmer, Gordon? That was a thousand years ago. What about him? Remember, he said that Perry told him he had seen the chickens unloaded at the railroad station the day before. Yes, and he must have been telling the truth. That's right, otherwise he wouldn't have known about the delivery. Well, I've got a hunch that Perry's waiting for us. Never saw this fella, huh? No. We don't let anybody hang around this platform unless they got business here, Mr. Baker. Have you had any really big deliveries of chickens the last few days? I guess so. Have to look it up. From Thursday on. Thursday, huh? Well, let's see. Well, here's one. There's a couple here. There's another batch here. Two more here. Let's see, that's 15, 15 all together. Let's copy down the names and addresses of the farmers. Right. Then we'll make a tour. If we get lucky, we're overdue. If we can only get lucky, we'll be waiting. One Perry knocks on the door. That's one date. I don't want to stand up. Well, it worked again, ma'am. Hey, it'll work every time, son. It's foolproof. This last one was the softest touch yet. Yeah, and the last one was the softest touch yet. Yeah, and they're the best-looking chickens we've gotten to. What do you say we take a little vacation after this one, ma'am? All right, son. Good. Where'll we go? Oh, Niagara Falls. I wanted to go there with your father, but he was always too tied up with business. Not Niagara Falls, ma'am. Well, why not, son? It's lovely up there. I've seen the postcards. Buffalo cops, ma'am. I'm hot up there. Oh, yes, I forgot. Well, there are plenty of other places of course. How about California? I'd like to go there. Oh, no. No, I'd always be thinking about your father if we went to California. He was at San Quentin. Well, we've got time to think about that after we get back to New York. You know, I think we ought to stay right in New York. Why? Well, the papers have been saying that it's unpatriotic to take long trips by train. They need the space for soldiers. Well, maybe you're right. Maybe we'll stay in New York. Well, that car, it's forcing us off the road. Be careful, son.  They want us to stop. Have you been speeding? No, ma'am, but... Pull over, Perry. Okay. What in the world is this, son? Perry, you tell Mrs. Perry. Who are you? Special agents of the FBI. What do you want with us?  We're going to do your favor. What is it? We're going to arrange for you to be sent to an institution, a place where they have chicken every Sunday. Robert Perry and his mother, like all criminals, thought they had a foolproof scheme, a racket that was beyond being broken by the forces of law and order. Robert Perry and his mother were petty thieves, but they showed the same contempt for decency that all criminals show. The FBI gives every effort to each of its causes, no matter how small. Because it knows that the one sure way to prevent crimes is to stop them from being committed. And it knows, too, that the one way to do that, the one sure way, is to keep apprehending criminals, to keep advertising what the FBI has proven time and time again that crime does not pay. When every child knows that, when he knows it the way he knows that two and two make four, then crime will stop. Until that day the FBI will stay on the job. Case in just a minute, but now, will you join the equitable society in a tribute to the victory which is near at hand, a tribute of gratitude and praise to the armed forces of the United States. Our fighting men have proved that free men brought up in the ways of peace are more than a match for the regimented millions of the aggressor nations. The victory of these representatives of democracy is, as President Truman said last night, and I quote, more than a victory of arms. It is, as he said, a victory of one way of life over another, a victory of an ideal founded on the rights of the common man, on the dignity of the human being, and on the conception of the state as the servant, not the master of its people. Tomorrow, let us hope a new era will dawn on this earth, an era in which good will will prevail among all men, and all men will work together for the peace and prosperity of the world. As its contribution to peace, the equitable society will concentrate its full resources on the great task of providing security and jobs for the men and women who have served their country so well. Robert Perry and his mother were convicted in the federal court, and both of them were sentenced to serve time in the federal penitentiary. The incidents used in tonight's broadcast are taken from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. However, all names used are fictitious, and any similarity thereof to the names of persons living or dead is accidental. Programs in this series of particular interest to service men and women are broadcast overseas through the worldwide facilities of the Armed Forces Radio Service. Tonight, the music was under the direction of Frederick Steiner. The author was Jerry Lewis. Your narrator was Frank Lovejoy. This is your FBI is a Jerry Divine production. And now this is Carl Frank speaking for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and inviting you to tune in again next week at the same time for this is your FBI. This is the American Broadcasting Company.


APE-1 is a protein involved in the DNA damage response pathway. It was previously thought that APE-1 interacts with RPA-coated single-stranded DNA, SSDNA, but new research shows that APE-1 can also bind to RPA without being bound to SSDNA. This allows APE-1 to recruit a trip, which is necessary for the activation of the ATR check 1DDR pathway. This article was authored by Yun Feng Lin, Zhou Li, Hai Chao Chao, and others.


Hello viewers, welcome to my channel. In this video, we are going to see about automatic highlight of duplicate entry in the column. Select the column which you want to find the duplicate. And right-click on the selected column, then click Conditional Formatting. Then in Format Rules, select Custom Formula Is. And in the below box, enter the formula as equal to count if open bracket and that mention the range of the column which we are going to auto highlight the duplicate. Then select the first cell in the column. In this case, B colon B comma B1. Now close the bracket and enter greater than one. You could also change the color of the highlight in Formatting Style option. By using Fill Color option in that you can find many colors in that you can choose whatever color you want to make highlight. That's it, the formula is set. Now the B column will be automatically highlight for duplicate entry with red color. Thank you for watching this video. If this video is useful, consider to subscribe my channel and don't forget to like and share the video. Thank you.