Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32 Octo-SPI interface that will present the features of this interface which is widely used to connect external memories to the microcontroller. Octo-SPI was first implemented in the STM32-L4 Plus. The version present in the STM32-L5 supports additional features. The Octo-SPI interface integrated inside STM32 products provides a communication interface allowing the microcontroller to communicate with external single, dual, quad or octal SPI memories. This interface is fully configurable allowing easy connection of any existing serial memories available today. The external device can be memory mapped which allows any system master to access it like internal memories for read and write operations. Applications will benefit from the easy connection of serial external memory with only a few pins required. Thanks to the memory mapping feature external memory could be simply accommodated in the existing project when more memory is needed whether it be flash or RAM. The Octo-SPI is a serial interface that enables communication with serial memories. The following protocols are supported. Serial flash, PS-RAM, Hyper-RAM and Hyper-Flash. The Octo-SPI always operates as a host controller. It initiates the data transferred to the memory. Two low-level protocols are implemented. Regular command mode which is an extension of quad SPI and hyper bus protocol. Three types of interfaces are supported. 8-bit, 4-bit and 2-times 4-bit. The Octo-SPI interface offers high flexibility for frame format configuration to address any serial flash from single data lane up to 8 data lines. As with regular quad SPI, the user can enable or disable each of the phases, configure the length of each phase and configure the number of lines used for each phase from 1 to 8. A new signal, RWDS, acts as either a write strobe during write operations or a read qualifier during read operations. This table summarizes the features of each transfer phase. The instruction phase transmits an instruction to the memory device specifying the type of operation to be performed. The address phase transmits the address of the operation. In the alternate bytes phase, 1 to 4 bytes are sent to the external device, generally to control the mode of operation. In the dummy cycles phase, 1 to 31 cycles are given without any data being sent or received in order to give the external device the time to prepare for the data phase when the higher clock frequencies are used. During the data phase, any number of bytes can be sent to or received from the external device. Any of these phases can be configured to be skipped, but at least one of the instruction, address, alternate byte, or data phases must be present. The Octo SPI supports the new HyperBus mode, which combines the command and addresses in a single initial phase. The HyperBus does not require any command specification nor any alternate bytes. As with the regular frame format, HyperBus mode also uses a read qualifier and a write strobe during the data operations. The Octo SPI supports variable or fixed external memory latency as defined by the HyperBus protocol specification. The HyperBus frame is composed of two phases, command address phase, data phase. This table summarizes the features of each of these phases. The command and address phase transmits both a command and an address to the memory device. 48 bits are transferred. Selecting the data transferred direction, the burst type, linear or wrap, the address space, memory or registers, and the address. During the data phase, any number of bytes can be sent to or received from the external device. Two timings have to be configured according to the characteristics of the HyperBus memory device. TRWR, which is the device read write recovery time, and TAC, which is the device's access time. If the device needs an additional latency, RWDS must be tied to one during the command address phase. The Octo SPI integrated inside STM32 products offers three operating modes, which will be explained later in this presentation. Communication with external memories supports single or dual data rate operation. The Octo SPI supports three different modes of operation. Indirect mode, where it behaves as a classical SPI interface and all operations are performed through registers. Status polling mode, where the flash status registers are read periodically with interrupt generation. Memory mapped mode, where external memory is seen as if it is internal memory for read operations.  Transferred data goes through the data register via a FIFO. Data exchange is driven by software or by the DMA using related interrupt flags in the Octo SPI status registers. Each command is launched by the writing of an instruction, address, or data depending on the instruction context. A specific mode has been implemented in the Octo SPI interface to autonomously poll status registers in the external flash. The Octo SPI interface can be configured to periodically read a register in the external flash. The return data can be masked to select the bits to be evaluated. The selected bits are compared with their required values stored in the match register. The result of the comparison can be treated in two ways. In ended mode, if all the selected bits match, an interrupt is generated. In ORD mode, if one of the selected bits matches, an interrupt is generated. When a match occurs, the Octo SPI interface can stop automatically. The Octo SPI also provides a memory mapped mode. The main application benefit introduced by this mode is the simple integration of an external memory extension with no difference between read or write accesses of internal or externally connected memory, except for the number of wait states. This mode is suitable for both read and write operations and external memories. Whether it be RAM or flash are seen as internal memory with wait states included to compensate for the lower speed of the external memory. The maximum size supported by this mode is limited to 256 megabyte. A prefetch buffer supports the local execution. Therefore, the code could be executed directly from the external memory without the need to download it into the internal RAM. This mode supports also a mode called send instruction only once mode known as SIOO, which is supported by some flash memories. It allows the controller to send instructions once only and remove the instruction phase for the following accesses. The Octo SPI has five interrupt sources. Timeout. Status match when the masked received data matches the corresponding bits in the match register in automatic polling mode. FIFO threshold. Transfer complete. And transfer error. DMA requests can be generated in indirect mode when the FIFO threshold has been reached. The Octo SPI is active in run, sleep, low power run and low power sleep mode. An Octo SPI interrupt can cause the device to exit sleep or low power sleep mode. In stop zero, stop one or stop two mode, the Octo SPI is frozen and its registers content is maintained. In standby or shutdown mode, the Octo SPI is powered down and it must be initialized afterward. Wearable applications are requiring low power management together with high quality HMI. This can be achieved using the STM32L5 Octo SPI interface to store in an external flash all the graphical content needed like background images, high resolution icons or fonts to support multiple languages. Additional audio data for ringtones can also benefit from the large space offered by the external flash. The low pin count needed to drive such devices allows a very optimized system integration. You can refer to peripheral training slides related to RCC, interrupts, DMA and GPIO for additional information. For more details, please have a look into the application note AN5050 about the Octo SPI interface.


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey, guys, giving everybody welcome to another edition of the accessotrader.com nightly wrap up show hope everybody is doing well. So it's pretty much kind of a rinse-repeat market, as we've been talking about now for the whole start of 2020, which seems to be like one big minefield. It's literally the same thing.  It really is a rinse-repeat. If you go back to kind of how the cycle works, it's groups of strong stocks making a move, whether it's two, three-day moves. The second group of stocks moves up one, two days. The first group rests. The second day takes their place. And then the second group lags. The first group goes up, and meanwhile slowly but surely it's like it really is a race. It's just a race one after another. And if you look at my comments from yesterday, everything happened that I talked about. And again, there's a reason why I say this. So pre-market, we got a gap up last night, number one. And this is, again, how strong the market and how strong the sentiment is. Last night, Trump came out and said, if everything hits the fan, we could be looking at martial law. Nobody wants to hear that. Nobody wants to hear martial law. And the future started selling off. And you started seeing very, very quick aggressive sell-off in the cash futures. And then you wake up this morning, like nothing happened. Like completely nothing happened. It's like one big Disney movie. It all goes away. It's always a happy ending. And the futures are up 100 points. And quickly what we started talking about last night was this 235 level, right? So the market gaps up and instantly loses that 235 level. So if you guys remember from last night's comments, they said, hey, keep an eye on the tape. If they start losing that 235 area, we might get a pullback. We get that pullback, right? We absolutely get that pullback. There's absolutely, exactly. I said, all right, the market's playing out. And again, what I always say is just because the market goes down doesn't mean the market is a short. And I kept on reiterating that point in the live webinar. Because again, as long as we maintain this upward bias in this channel, because again, every single time it hits the bottom channel, it bounces. Bottom channel bounces. Bottom channel bounces. So it wasn't to the point of, I want to get short stocks. I just want to see how these strong stocks, whether they're going to rest today, rest tomorrow, or just rest today and just go later. And everything happened. And everything exactly happened. You had the strong stocks that put up a very, very aggressive move yesterday, right? They kind of rested today. And the stocks that we talked about, for example, last night, that were kind of, I don't want to call them laggers, but stocks that didn't participate in yesterday's rally. For example, like a shop for an Ali Baba, right? Like a square. They were already setting up for today's action. And when you look at what happened in the last 15 minutes of the day, it really does show exactly what the market has been doing now since the start of the year, since the start of pretty much it feels like every bad news that could possibly hit on the table. And then again, it's rinse, repeat, rinse, repeat. And again, the question is, how long can people still complain about the absolute worst bull market? But this is actually the worst bear market of all time. Think about it. Again, how could a bear market? How could a bear economy? How could a bear sentiment be this good? But again, if you go back to months and months and months, even March, just stop thinking about it, man. Just the stocks are strong. They're keeping on buying them. Every dip gets bought onto rising 60-minute support. The stocks that are weak, they're even rallying as well. So until there's a completely big macro, and I'm talking about macro, I'm not talking about one group rallies, and then there's a res day, and then there's a rotation to something else, I'm talking about when there's a complete buyer strike and stocks start losing, I'm not talking about the five, 10-day moving average. I'm talking about the 50, the 200-day moving average. Again, you have to respect the bottom 60-minute range. We've been doing these bounce plays now for a long time. I've been recently started little by little sharing them. Yesterday, for example, I shared a bounce play on Amazon that rallied about $14 today. We shared a Tesla bounce play in the bottom of the range, almost one green in the day. Very, very close. Good structured res day today for Tesla. But again, I think the biggest problem that a lot of traders are really coming into facing is they're trying to really outsmart the reality. And right now, we have an incredible tape. We really do. And again, the more you try to rationalize it, the less aggressive nature you're going to be applying to your trades with very, very small convictions. So I've been kind of echoing this thought process for the last two months. Stop thinking what you think is going to happen. We all know the numbers. They're horrible. Market continues to be good. Again, look at Zoom, right? The question of Zoom today, they came out earnings and the question of Zoom was, well, everybody knows they're going to beat, right? I think even my mother's on Zoom. Don't know who she's calling, but my mother's probably on Zoom. So they destroyed their numbers. The question was, was it baked into the stock, right? Big, big run on Zoom.  So it's not a point of if Zoom is going to beat, how is the market going to react? Again, pretty tamed, pretty tamed spiked up to the 2018 to 2020 level. Now it's kind of flat after the regular session. But again, it's almost like the same theory that I asked a couple of weeks ago on the video, right? Does it matter if the stock even goes down tomorrow, right? Look at the run. Even just go to the run in the last like four or five days. The stock's up 60, 70 points in the last four or five days. Does it really matter if the stock comes in tomorrow and test the 205, the 200 level? And again, this is what really shows the amazing internals of this quote unquote bear market. And this is why again, this market is one of the most, if not the most, hated, well, now bull bear market of all time. So let's talk about the indexes really quickly. Again, you look at the cues, huge late day surge. Again, we're still looking for that area to clear. We just didn't clear it just yet, but we're very, very close to clearing the top of the channel. When you look at the diamonds, again, market continues to be very, very strong. Again, we could test this supply here, 26,200 or so, very, very strong. S&P will use the spies as kind of a barometer. Again, just slowly, but surely swiping in, just bringing in more shorts, more shorts at the bottom of the range. I bet you again, if you look at the 60 minute view, and this goes basically for every stock, right? Every stock out there right now, you're looking at the same thing. It goes to the bottom of the range, they spike it back up, goes back to the bottom of the range, they spike it back up. Sometimes it doesn't even get to the bottom range. It kind of goes to this middle channel here, spikes it back up, and this is over and over again, and until we start losing like this, right? The buy the dip theory, at least for this interval, is very, very important. So going into tomorrow again, I'm using basically the same theory that I used today, like I'm not looking at stocks that are up 600 days in a row. I do agree, like for example, Tesla and Tesla had a great, great session today, not because it was super strong, because it was super constructive. We had a couple of bounce plays on this thing, on the bottom range. We'll talk about the pivots in a second. But what I like what it did, it put a very, very good, strong session today, smaller volume closed in the middle of its channel. This is the highest close for the exception of yesterday in this whole formation. This is one, two days away from really exploding. If you look at the pure speculation money that was being thrown around today, on every dip, by the way, we saw today the 900 weeklies, the 920s, the 950s, the 960, the 1,000, and the 1100 calls for the weeklies. So this might rest one more day, but you know close at expiration, Thursday or Friday, they're gonna start jamming this thing up again. Again, the key is to be patient, continue to buy this thing off the 60 minute channels until it starts confirming this linear regression line a little bit later in the week. Also, again, if you look at the names that have been kind of consolidating, they're starting to really come out. And you saw Microsoft, for example, big $3 million bet today on the 185s, came out of a rain shop that I spoke about last night. And again, we'll talk about the individual pivots in a second, but you can see stocks that are coming out with really, really strong distribution, really, really popping out today. Names like Chipulti as well, right? Chipulti, big strong move a couple of days ago coming out. Now if you look at names for tomorrow, right? Like look at NLW, look how tight this channel is. Look at Google, right? Google is coming out. Boeing I think is probably maybe what? A day away, that looks good. Look at Netflix. Netflix tried to crawl above this 10 day moving average. So the names that we've been watching are looking for confirmation. Again, they're just playing possum. Again, that's that terminology. They're slow playing. They're slow playing the bears, getting them comfortable. And again, they just start taking off as well. Also in the video as well. And the video is starting to put in a very, very tight challenge. If you know this thing, it's just a day away. You see how it keeps on defending this bottom channel the five day, okay? So this is also like a day away from really, really exploding. So going into tomorrow, again, I'm looking for rotational names that have been going through four, five, six day distribution. Definitely on watch tomorrow. And again, they played out exactly how we talked about yesterday. Again, Alibaba, we talked about highlighted last night, 208 needs to build. Alibaba's candle today, it felt like they cured COVID and racial equality all in one candle. Seriously, look at this candle. Here was the 208, right? Here's the 208 just absolutely exploded. We started watching 220, 230, 240, near-term expiration, July call buyers coming in. Just an amazing move, absolutely amazing move. Shop, 72 needs to build, got upgraded this morning. Shop looks great. The 800, the 820 calls started coming in, right? Stock went to 84 and change. I think this thing in the next couple of days should see this 812 area. Looks great, fantastic move there as well. Facebook didn't confirm, Netflix didn't confirm, square, huge move, right? We started seeing the 87, the 90s, the 95 call buyers coming in, all short-term expiration. Here's the break, right? 84, 20 went right to 88. Big, big move on square. Again, that name needs to be bought on weakness. Here was the first early spike here. You know, we caught this thing for a couple of bucks in the morning. Again, it's stalled out by the linear aggression. When 904 went to like 909 and then it came in. But again, I really, really liked this thing for more distribution and buying it on dips instead of strength for the next two days until it gets to expiration. The video was still watching. Here was AAXN. I found this thing pre-market.  AAXN is the old taser. If you guys know what we remember what taser is back in 2003, 2004, that was the closest thing we saw to the internet craze, right? To this overnight spikes over and over again. And this is the old taser, body armor, stun guns. Obviously a pure play on unfortunately, the riots and looting and all that stuff. So here was AAXN, 92, 93 needs to build, right? 92, 93. This thing exploded. This thing went to 100. So big, big move on AAXN. Boeing didn't do anything today. I still liked that level. Baba watched the spike take on the way up, square take on the way up. AAXN first candle was 96, then it went to 100. Baba just going nuts. Chewie, again, perfect example of water flow. Chewie, we started watching 47, 60 needs to build. Again, you started seeing repeat aggressive, $50 weekly call buyers. Chewie went nuts. Again, another play of the stay at home movement and took out the 47, 47, 40 area and almost went to 50. Big, big move on Chewie as well. AAXN, again, big, big move on AAXN. Microsoft, again, we talked about 84, 40 needs to build. Guy comes in, right? Guy comes in $3 million bet on the July 185 calls. And here's Microsoft. I still like it for tomorrow. Here's the 84, 40 closed right at the high of the day at 85, still looks like it wants to run for tomorrow as well. And again, and this is kind of what we do in the live webinar that I don't usually put in the Twitter feed, but I thought there was value here. And I said, look, I usually don't put these bounce plays, but 883 on any dip, 883 and 877 rising support, dip buyers coming in again, 960, 1100 call buyers. And this is a really great bounce. I mean, really, really great bounce. I started buying some at 83, right? And I bought more at 77 and change. And the damn thing, like really started spiking went all the way up to like, 96, 97. Again, it's just plain possum guys. I think you see a lot of really novice traders that hate the stock and hate the company. Well, this thing's going to 800 tomorrow in the bull case. It's going to 1100 tomorrow. It's not going to 1100 tomorrow. It's not going to 800 tomorrow. They'll probably be one more day, one or two more days of kind of going sideways, suckering shorts, shot, suckering shorts. And probably by Friday, we'll get that big confirmation together, but again, big, big bounce there as well. Perfect, you know, take on the way up like any other trade. Yeah, Michael Green, it literally went, it was down 20 and literally went within a dollar or two of going green on the day. So that's it.  And this was the one towards the end of the day on shop. I really liked shop. And here's the setup, 77172 needs to build and shop. Again, put up a $12 candle into the clothes and obviously I still like it tomorrow. Now a lot of you guys are along the 815, 1820 calls. So this looks great. So tomorrow, again, got to give the bulls the benefit of the doubt. Rotation is still in full effect in beta, in high tech. The most important thing is we have to watch how channels are confirming in the morning. We have to watch how stocks trade with the futures because again, keep this in mind, everything's still bad on the surface and it doesn't mean we need to continue with this mantra. So I always have one eye on the futures, always have one eye on reality because I know again, the last thing you want to do is get caught in a rug pull. Guys, have a great night everybody. Good job today and I'll see you all tomorrow. Congratulations for putting in the time to take control of your trading. You're one step closer to owning your future and achieving the success you desire. 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Welcome folks, we have the Dow Industrials trading up $191, NASDAQs up $186, S&Ps up $38, Gold contract down $12.80, trading out at $18.58 an ounce, we have Silver off $0.05, $22 flat, light sweet crude, up $0.79, $110.57 a barrel, notes and bonds, a 10-year note, up $7.6, trading $129, the 30-year down two ticks at $140, $127 and $Kingdala, $Kingdala is trading up $184 ticks, $102, $041, now $Kingdala couldn't hold price folks, bottom lines have been down the last three days, got a bounce going this morning, up about that $400-500 ticks, gave it up, Euro, Euro is at $106, yen is at $127.31, the British pound is at $125 to $1.00 USD. We're going to take a look at the S&Ps folks, bottom line, building costs for lower price, that's my take on it. Volume, you have $55 million, you're going to take out a little swing point out here, that's $76, we'll do $76, we should, and this market right now, end of the month, you're ready for a bounce, you're ready to go into Memorial Day weekend, look at the spy, you get $411, right now we're at $398, $411 can bounce to pretty quickly, we're going to look at the NDX100, what do you have with the NDX, same type of setup inside the NDX, NDX yesterday rejected lower price, had lighter volume as it went against the former swing, bottom line, you're going up today, you're contracting with volume, and ice on the cues are a lot higher, ice on the cues are $312, and right now you're at $292. Gold, gold contract out here, we take a look at gold, what do you have with the gold contract, as you're backing down, $12.60, that being said, it's actually really a sideways move, you rejected the 1845 on this August contract, you're in 1858, I suspect that's building a little a to b equal c to d, gold wants to run up to this 2009 level, and then if we go to good over to good old King Dala, what you're going to see out here is that King Dala's failed, you know King Dala right here today, got to a price point of 102.449, and bottom line has given up about 41 ticks, 400 ticks at this point, you know, so the bottom line, the high of yesterday was 102.316, 102.033, bottom line, you very well may have an ABC structure on the way down going up, my take is that the dollars going to stop making its way down is 99.323, that's the last time that we had any type of floor that's being built there, stay right there folks, come right back.


From around the globe, it's theCUBE with digital coverage of Dell Technologies World, digital experience brought to you by Dell Technologies. Hello and welcome back to theCUBE's virtual coverage of Dell Technologies World digital experience. I'm John Furrier, your host of theCUBE here for this interview. We're not face to face this year, we're remote because of the pandemic. We've got a great guest, CUBE alumni John Rose with the Global Chief Technology Officer at Dell Technologies. John, great to see you. Thank you for remoting in from New Hampshire. Thanks for your time and thanks for going on. Oh, glad to be here. Glad to be here from New Hampshire. It's a lot, the travel is a lot easier this way. Oh, it's been, it's been interesting time. What a year it's been with the pandemic, the good, bad and the ugly has been playing out. But if you look at the role of technology, you're the big theme this year at Dell Technologies World is the digital transformation acceleration. Everyone's kind of talking about that. But when you unpack the technology side of it, you're seeing a technology enablement theme that is just unprecedented from an acceleration standpoint. COVID has forced people to look at things that they never had to look at before. Disruption to business models and business systems like working at home, who would have forecasted that kind of disruption? Workloads changing, work forces working differently with internet of things. So an absolute exposure to the core issues and challenges that need to be worked on and doubled down on. And in some cases, projects that might not have been as a priority. So you have all of this going on. Customers really trying to double down on the things that are working, the things they need to fix so they can come out of the pandemic with a growth strategy, with modern apps, with cloud and hybrid and multi-cloud. This has been a huge forcing function. Love to get your first reaction to that big wave. Yeah, no, no. I think as a technologist, sometimes you can see the future maybe a little clearer than the business people can because there's one thing about technology. It either is or it isn't. Either it's code or hardware and real or it's marketing. And we knew that the technology evolution was occurring. We knew the multi-cloud world was real. We knew that machine intelligence was real. And we've been working on this for maybe decades. But prior to COVID, many of these areas were still considered risky or speculative and people couldn't quite grok exactly why they wanted a machine doing work on their behalf or why they might want an AI to be a participant in their collaboration sessions or why they might want an autonomous vehicle at all.  Then we had COVID. And suddenly we realized that the fragility of our physical world and the need for digital is much higher. And so it's actually opened up an enormous accelerant on people's willingness to embrace new technologies. And so whether it's the predictable acceleration of machine intelligence or autonomous systems or this realization that the cloud world is actually more than one answer, there's multiple clouds working together because as you try to do a digital transformation acceleration, you realize that it's not one problem. It's many, many problems all working together. And then you discover that, hey, some of these can be solved with cloud one and some could be solved with cloud two and some of them you want to do in your own infrastructure in a private cloud and some might belong at the edge. And then suddenly you come to this conclusion that, hey, having a strategy has to deal with this system as a system. And so across the board, it's been an interesting catalyst to get people to really think practically about the technology available to them and how they might be able to take advantage of it quicker. And that's a mixed blessing for us technologists because they want things sooner and that means we have to do more engineering, but at the same time, open-minded consumers of technology are very helpful in digital transformations. Well, I want to unpack that rethinking with COVID and post COVID. I mean, everything's going to come down to before COVID and after COVID world. I think it's going to be demarcation that's going to be looked at historically, but let's, before we get into that though, I want to get your thoughts on some of the key pillars of the transformational technologies in play today. Last year at Dell World when we were physically face-to-face, you know, we were laying out on theCUBE and our analysis, the Dell technologies has got an end to end view.  It's looking much more systematically across the board. You mentioned systems as consequences, the reaction of changes. But layout for us, the key areas, the key pillars of the transformational technologies that customers need to look at now to drive the digital path. Yeah, we cast a very wide net. We look at literally thousands of technologies. We organize them and we try to understand and predict which ones are going to matter. And it turns out that over the last couple of years we figured out there's really six, what I'll call expanding technology areas that are actually probably likely to be necessary for almost any digital transformation. And they aren't exactly what people have been doing historically. So in no particular order, and they may sound obvious, but when you think about your future it's very likely all six of these are going to touch you.  The cloud journey is by no means done. We are like the second inning of a nine inning game maybe even earlier. We have barely created the multiple cloud world much, not less the true multicloud world and then really exploiting and automating as work to be done. But that's a strategic area for us and everybody to navigate forward. In parallel to that, what we realized is that multiple cloud is no longer just present in data centers and public clouds it's actually existing in the real world. So this idea of edge, the reconstituting of IT out in the real world to deliver the real time behavior necessary to actually serve what we predict will be about 70% of the world's data that will happen outside of data centers. The third is 5G. Now it's a very specific technology, but I have a long telco background. I was the CTO of one of the largest telecom companies in the world. And I was involved in 2G, 3G and 4G. 5G is not another G. It is not just faster 4G, it does that. But with things like massive machine type communication with having a million sensorized devices in a kilometer or ultra reliable or latency communication the ability to give preferential services to critical streams of data across the infrastructure mobile edge compute, putting the edge IT out into the cellular environment and the fact that it's built in the cloud and IT era. So it's programmable software defined 5G is going to go from being an outside of the IT discussion to being the fabric inside the IT discussion. And so I will bet that anybody who has people in the real world and that they're trying to deliver a digital experience will have to take advantage of the capabilities of 5G to do it right. But super strategic important area for Dell and for our industry. Continuing on, we have the data world, the data management world. You know, it's funny, we've been doing data as an industry for a very long time but the world we were in was the data at rest world databases, data lakes, traditional applications and that's great, it still matters but this new world of data in motion is beginning and what that means is the data is now moving into pipelines, we're not moving it somewhere and then figuring it out, we're figuring it out as the data flows across this multi-cloud environment and that requires an entirely different tool chain architecture and infrastructure but it's incredibly important because it's actually a thing that powers most digital transformation if they're real time. In parallel to that, number five on the list is AI and machine learning. We have a controversial view on this. We don't view AI as purely a technology. It clearly is a technology but what we really think customers should think about it as is as a new class of user because AI's are actually some of the most aggressive producers and consumers of data and consumers of IT infrastructure. We actually estimate that within the next four or five years, the majority of IT capacity in an enterprise environment will actually be consumed at the behest of machine learning algorithm or an AI system than a traditional application or person and all you have to do is do one AI project to understand that I'm correct because they are just massive demand drivers for your infrastructure but they have massive return on that demand. They give you things you can't do without them. And then last on the list is this area of security and to be candid, we have really messed up this industry, this area as an industry. We have a security product for every problem. We have proliferation of security technologies and to make matters worse, we now operate most enterprises on the assumption the bad guys are already inside and we're doing things to prevent them from causing harm. Now, if that's all it is, we really lost this one. So we have an obligation to reverse this trend to start moving back to embedding the security and the infrastructure with intrinsic security with zero trust models with things like SASE which is basically creating new models of the edge security paradigm to be more agile and software defined. But most importantly, we have to pull it all together and say, you know, what we're really measuring is the trustworthiness of the systems we work with not the individual components. So this elevation of security to trust is going to be a big journey for all of us.  And so it's important for people to be aware of them. It's important for companies like Dell to be very active in all of them because ultimately what you have today plus those six properly executed is the digital transformation outcome that most people are heading towards. You just packed it all six pillars into one soundbite. That was awesome. Great insight there. One of the things that's interesting I mentioned AI I love that piece around AI being a consumer. They are a consumer of data. They're also a consumer of what used to be handled by either systems or humans. That's interesting. 5G is another one. Pat Gelsing has said at VMworld that 5G and when I interviewed him he said 5G is a business app not a consumer app. Yet if you look at the recent iPhone announcement by Apple iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro, 5G was at the center of that announcement but they're taking it from a different perspective. That's a real world application. They got the watch. They have new chips and their devices. Huge advantage is not just bandwidth. And remember the original iPhone launched with 3G if you remember that made the iPhone. Some are saying if it didn't have the 3G or 2G and 3G I think it was 3G in the first iPhone it would have not have been as successful. So again, Apple's endorsing 5G. Gelsinger talks about it as a business app. Double down on that because I think 5G will highlight some of the COVID issues because people are working at home. They're on the go. They want to do video conferencing maybe. They want to do this programmable, unpack the importance of 5G as an enabler and as an IT component. Yeah, as I mentioned 5G isn't just about enhanced mobile broadband which is faster YouTube. It's about much more than that. And because of that combination of technologies it becomes the connective tissue for almost every digital transformation. So our view, by the way, just to give you the Dell official position we actually view that the 5G or the telecom industry is going through three phases around 5G. The first phase has already happened. It was the early deployment of 5G using traditional technology. It was just 5G as an extension of the 4G environment. That's great, it's out there. There's a phase that we're in right now which I call the geopolitical phase where all of a sudden, everybody from companies to countries to industries have realized this is really important and we have to figure out how to make sure we have a secure source of supply that is based on the best technology. And that has created an interest by people like Dell and VMware and Microsoft and many other companies to say, wait a minute, this isn't just a telecom thing. This is, as Pat said, a business system. This is part of the core of all digital. And so that's pulled people like Dell and others more aggressively into the telecom world in this middle phase. But what really is happening is the third phase. And the third phase is a recasting of the architecture of telecom to make it much more like the cloud and IT world, to separate hardware from software, to implement its software-defined principles, to put in machine interfaces, to treat it like a cloud and IT system architecturally. And that's where things like open-ran, integrated open networks and these new initiatives are coming into play. All of that, from a Dell perspective, is fantastic because what it says is the telecom world is heading towards companies like us. And so as you may know, we set up a brand new telecom business at scale, appeared to our other businesses this year. We already are doing billions of dollars in telecom, but now we believe we should be playing a meaningful tier one role in this modern telecom ecosystem. It'll be a team sport. There's lots of other players we have to work with, but because of the breadth of applications of 5G and whether it's, again, an iPhone with 5G is great to do YouTube, but it's incredibly powerful if you run your business applications on there and what you want to actually deliver is an immersive augmented experience. So without 5G, it'd be very hard to do that. So it becomes a new and improved client. We announced the Latitude 9000 series and we're one of the first to put out a 5G-enabled laptop there. In certain parts of the world, we're now starting to ship these. Well, again, when you have access to a millimeter wave and gigabit speed capacity, you can do some really interesting things on that device, more oriented to what we call collaborative compute in which the client device and the adjacent infrastructure have so much bandwidth between them that they look like one system and they can share the burden of augmented reality, of data processing, of AI processing, all in the real time domain. Carry that a little further and when we get into the areas like healthcare transformation or educational transformation, what we realize immediately is reaches everything. You want to have a premium broadband experience and you need a better system to do that, but really the thing that has to happen is not just a Zoom call, but an immersive experience in which a combination of low bandwidth, always on sensors are able to send their data streams back, but also if you want to have a more immersive experience to really explore your health situation, being able to do it with holography and other tools which require a lot more bandwidth is critical. So no matter where you go in a digital transformation in the real world that has real people and things out in the real world involved in it, the digital fabric for connectivity is critical and you suddenly realize the current architectures, 3 5G aren't sufficient. And so 5G becomes this linch pin to basically make sure that the client and the cloud and the data center all have a framework that they can actually work together without, let's call it a buffering resistance between them called the network. Imagine if the network was an enabler, not an impediment. Yeah, I think you're on point here. I think this is really teases out to me the next gen business transformation, digital transformation, because if you think about what you just talked about, connective tissue, linch pin with 5G, data as a driver, multi-cloud, the six pillars you laid out. And you mentioned systems, connective tissue systems. I mean, you're basically talking tech under the hood and operating system mindset. These systems design are interesting. If you put the pieces together, you can create business value, not so much speeds and feeds, business value. You mentioned telco cloud. I find that fascinating. I've been saying on theCUBE for years and I think it's finally playing out. I want to get your reactions of this is this rise of the specialty cloud. I called it tier one on the power law, kind of the second wave of cloud. Look at Snowflake, they went public, biggest IPO in the history of the New York Stock Exchange of Wall Street, second to VMware. They're built on Amazon, okay? You have the telco cloud. We have the cube cloud, we have the media cloud. So you're seeing businesses looking at the cloud as a business model opportunity, not just buying gear to run something faster, right? So you're getting at something here where it's real benefits are now materializing and they're now visible. How, first of all, do you agree with that? I'm sure you do. I'd love to get your thoughts on that. And if you do, how do companies put this together? Because you need software, you got to have the power source with cloud. What's your reaction to that? Absolutely, I think now that now, obviously there are many clouds. We have some mega clouds out there and then we have lots of other specialty clouds. And by the way, sometimes, remember, we view cloud as an operating model and experience a way to present an IT service. How it's implemented is less important than what it looks like to the user. Your example of snowflake, I don't view snowflake as AWS, I view snowflake as a storage business cloud. I mean, they could lift it up and move it on to another cloud infrastructure and it would still be snowflake. So as we look forward, we do see more of the consumables that we're going to use in digital transformation appearing as these cloud services. Sometimes they're SaaS cloud, sometimes they're an infrastructure cloud, sometimes they're a private cloud. One of the most interesting ones though that we see that hasn't happened yet is the edge clouds that are going to form. Edge is different. It's in the real time domain, it's distributed. It might, if you do it at scale, it might look like massive amounts of capacity, but it isn't infinite in one place. Public cloud is infinite capacity all in one place. An edge cloud is infinite capacity distributed across 50,000 points of presence of which each of them has a finite amount of capacity. And the other difference though is that edge clouds tend to live in the real time domain, sub 30 millisecond round trip latency. Well, the reason this one's exciting to me is that when you think about what happened at the software and business model innovation, when for instance, public clouds and even co-location became more accessible, companies who had this idea that needed a very large capacity of infrastructure that could be consumed as a service that suddenly came into existence, salesforce.com. Go through the laundry list. But all of those examples were non real time functions because the clouds we were built on were non real time clouds if you take them in the end to end, in the system perspective. We know that there are going to be both from the telecom operators and from cloud providers and co-location providers and even enterprises, a proliferation of infrastructure out in the real time domain called edges. And those are going to be organized and delivered as cloud services. They're going to be pools of flexible elastic capacity. What excites me is suddenly we're going to spawn a level of innovation where people who had this great idea that they needed to access cloud-like capacity but they ran into the problem that the capacity was too far away from the time domain they needed to operate. And we've already seen some examples of this in AR and VR, autonomous vehicles require a real time cloud near the car which doesn't exist yet. When we think about things like smart cities and smart factories, they really need to have that cloud capacity in the time domain that matters if they want to be a real time control system. And so, you know, I don't know exactly what the innovation is going to be but when you see a new capability show up, in this case, it's inevitable that we're going to see pools of elastic consumable capacity in the real time environment as edges start to form. It's going to spawn another innovation cycle that could be as big as what happened in the public cloud environment for non real time. Well, I think that's a great point. Time series databases for one would be one instant innovation. You mentioned data, data management, time is valuable to the latency and it's maybe not valuable after if you're a car, right? So you've passed in, you know, so again, all different concepts. And the one thing that, first of all, I agree with you on this whole cloud thing. It's a nice edge cloud is going to develop nicely. And, but the question there is it's going to be software defined, agreed. Security, data, you got databases, you got software, software operated. You mentioned security being broken and security product for every problem. And you want to bake it in intrinsic or whatever you call it these days. How do you get the security model? Cause you got access to federate that. How do you build in security at that level? Whether it's a space satellite or a moving vehicle, the edge is the edge. So what's your thoughts on security as you're looking at this mobility, this agility is horizontally scalable distributed system. What's the security paradigm? Well, the first thing it has nothing to do with security but impacts your security outcome in a meaningful way when you talk about the edge. And that is we have got to stop getting confused that an edge is a single monolithic thing. And we have got to start understanding that an edge is actually a combination of two things. It is a platform that will provide the capacity and a workload that will do the job, the code. And today what we find is many people who are advocating for edges are actually delivering an end-to-end stack that includes bespoke hardware, it's infrastructure and the workloads and capabilities. If that happens, we end up with a thousand black boxes that all do one thing, which doesn't make any sense out in the real world. So the minute you shift to what the edge is really going to be, which is a combination of edge platforms and edge workloads, you start your journey towards a better security model. First thing that happens is you can secure and make a high integrity, the edge platform. You can make sure that that platform has a hardware with a trust, that it operates potentially in a zero trust model, that it has survivability and resiliency, but it doesn't really care what's running on it as much as it has to be stable. Now, if you get that one right, now at least you have a stable platform between your public and private environments and the edge. At the workload level though, now you have to think about, well, edge workloads actually should not be bloated. They should not be extremely large scale because there's not enough capacity at the edge. So concepts like Sassy is a good example, which is one of the analyst firms coined that term. But I like the concept, which says, hey, what if at the edge, you're delivering the workload, but the workload is protected by a bunch of cloud oriented security services that effectively are presented as part of the service chain. So you don't have to have your own firewall built into every workload. Because you're in an edge architecture, you can use virtual firewalling that's coming to you as a software service, or you can use the SDN to service chain it into the networking path, or then you can provide deep packet inspection and other services. It all goes back to this idea that, when you deal with the edge, first and foremost, you have to have a reliable stable platform to guarantee a robust foundation. And that is an infrastructure security problem. But then you have to basically deal with the security problems of the workload in a different way than you do it in a data center. In a data center, you have infinite compute. You can put all kinds of appendages on your code and it's fine, because there's just more compute next to you. In the edge, we have to keep the code pure. It has to be an analytics engine or an AI engine for systems control in a factory. And the security services actually have to be a function of the end-to-end path, more likely delivered as software services slightly upstream. That architectural shift is not something people have figured out yet. But if we get it right, now we actually have a modern zero trust distributed software defined service chainable dynamic security architecture, which is a much better approach to intrinsic security than trying to just hard code the security into the workload and tie it to the platform, which never has worked. So we're gonna have to have a pretty big rethink to get through this, but for me, it's pretty clear what we have to do. You know, I'd say that's good observation, great insight. I'll just double down and follow up on that. I get that. I see that where you're going with that software defined, software operated service. I love the SASE concept. We've covered it. But the edge is still purpose built devices. I mean, we've talked about an iPhone, you're talking about a watch, you're talking about a space module, whatever it is at the edge on a tower, it can be a radio, I mean, whatever it is, you seem to have purpose built hardware. You mentioned this route of trust. That'll kind of never kind of go away. You're gonna have that. What's your thoughts on that as someone who realizes, I got a hard in the edge, at least from a hardware standpoint, but I wanna be enabled for software defined. I don't wanna have a product be purpose built and then be obsolete in a year. Because that's again, the challenge of supply chain management, building hardware, what's your thoughts on that? Yeah, our edge strategy, if we double click a little bit is different than the strategy to build for a data center. And we want consistency between them, but there's actually five areas of edge that actually are specific to it. The first is the hardware platform itself. Edge hardware platforms are different than the platforms you put in data centers, whether it be a client or the infrastructure underneath it. And so we're already building hardened devices and devices that are optimized for the power and cooling and space constraints of that environment. The second is the runtime on that system is likely to be different. Today we use the VCloud foundation, that works very well, but as you get smaller and smaller and further away, you have to miniaturize and reduce the footprint. The control plane, we would like to make that consistent. We are using Tanzu and Dell Technologies Cloud Platform to extend out to the edge. And we think that having a consistent control plane is important, but the way you adapt something like Tanzu for the edge is different because it's in a different place. The fourth is lifecycle, which is really about how you secure, how you deploy, how you deal with the two operations. There's no IT person out at the edge. So you're not in a data center. So you have to automate those systems and deal with them in a different way. And then lastly, the way you package an Edge solution and deliver it is much different than the way you build a data center. You actually don't want to deal with those four things I just described as individual snowflakes. You want them packaged and delivered as an outcome. And that's why more and more of the Edge platform offerings are really cloudlets, or they're a platform that you can use to extend your IT capacity without having to think about Kubernetes versus VMs versus other things. It's just part of the infrastructure. So all of that tells us that Edge is different enough that the way you design for it, the way you implement it, and even the lifecycle has to take into account that it's not in a data center. The trick is to then turn that into an extended multi-cloud where the control plane is consistent. Or when you push code into production with Kubernetes, you can choose to land that container in a data center or push it out to the edge. So you have both a system consistency goal, but also the specialization of the edge environment, everything from hardware to control plane to lifecycle that's the reality of how these things have to be built. That's a great point. It's a systems architecture, whether you're looking at from the bottoms up, component level to top down kind of policy and or software defined. So great insight. I wish we had more time. I'd love to give you back and talk about data. We were talking before you came on camera about data, but quickly before we go, your thoughts on AI and the consequences of AI. AI is a consumer. I love that insight, totally agree. Certainly it's an application, technology is kind of our example to be vertically specialized with data. What's your thoughts on how AI could be better for society and some of the unintended consequences that we've managed that? Yeah, I'm an optimist. I actually, you know, we've worked with enough AI systems for long enough to see the benefit. We use every one of Dell's products today has machine intelligence inside of it so it can exceed the potential of its hardware and software without it. It's a very powerful tool and it does things that human beings just simply can't do. I truly believe that it's the catalyst for the next wave of business process functionality of human innovation. So it's definitely not something to stay away from. That being said, we don't know exactly how it can go wrong and we know that there are examples where corrupted or bad or biased data could influence it to have a bad outcome and there are an infinite set of problems to go solve with AI, but there are ones that are a little dangerous to go pursue if you're not sure. And so our advice to customers today is, look, you do not need to build the terminator to get advantage from AI. You can do something much simpler. In fact, in most enterprise contexts, we believe that the best path is go look at your existing business processes where there is a decision that's made by a human being and it's an inefficient decision. And if you can locate those points where a supply chain decision or an engineering decision or a testing decision is done by human beings poorly and you can use machine intelligence to improve it by five or 10%, you will get a significant material impact on your business if you go after the right processes. At Dell, we're doing a ton of AI machine learning in our supply chain. Why is that important? What we happen to have the largest tech supply chain in the world if you improve it by 1%, it's a gigantic impact on the company. And so our advice to people is don't get, you don't have to build an autonomous car. You don't have to build the terminator. You can apply it much more tactically in spaces that are much safer. Even in the HR examples, we tell our HR people, hey, use it for things like performance management and simplifying the processing of data. Don't use it to build the higher bot. That's a little dangerous right now because you might inadvertently introduce racism or sexism into that. We still have some work to do there. So it's a very large surface area. Go where the safe areas are. It'll keep you busy for the next several years, improving your business in dramatic ways. And as we improve the technology for bias correction and management of AI systems and fault tolerance and simplicity, then go after the hard ones. So this is a great one. Go after the easy stuff.  Get the low hanging fruit learn, iterate through it. I'm glad you guys use machine learning and AI on the supply chain. Make sure it's secure. Big issue. I know you guys were on top of it and have a great operation there. John, great to have you on. John Rose, the global chief technology officer of Dell Technologies. Great to have you on. Take a minute to close out the last minute here. What's the most important story from Dell Technologies World this year? I know it's virtual. It's not face-to-face, but beyond that, what's the big takeaway in your mind if you could share one point? What would it be for the folks watching? Yeah, I think the biggest point is something we talked about, which is, we are in a period of digital transformation acceleration. COVID's bad, but it woke us up to the possibilities and the need for digital transformation. And so if you were on the fence, or if you're moving slowly and now have an opportunity to move fast. However, moving fast is hard if you try to do it by yourself. And so we've structured Dell, we've the six big areas we're focused on. They only have one purpose. It's to build the modern infrastructure platforms to enable digital transformation to happen faster. You know, my advice to people is great. You're moving faster, pick your partners well. Choose the people you want to go on the journey with. And we think we're well positioned for that. And you will have much better progress if you take a broad view of the technology ecosystem and you've lined up the appropriate partnerships with the people that can help you get there. And the outcome is a successful digital leader just is going to handle things like COVID and these disruption better than a digital laggard. And we now have the data to prove that. So it's all about digital acceleration. It's the punchline. Well, great to have you on great segment, great insight. And thank you for sharing the six pillars and the conversation super relevant what's going on to create new business value, new opportunities for businesses and society. I'm John Furrier with theCUBE. Thanks for watching.


open all the programs there is one small error in program lab 3.4 add one line into the program in this lab 3.4 line number 300 go to line number 300 there is one rms error which is written here which is blinking right now delete that and write this word write this word here instead of rms error rms delete rms error and write unstudiness note that this lab 3 under 4 2d advection dot sci line number 300 at the last moment we were doing some corrections so my mistake it is this needs to be deleted so I will let me write down what I want it needs to be just type this unstudiness is equals to 1 e to the power 6 otherwise when you run the code you may get some error you have to type this either you delete this rms error or you type this I will repeat it again later on let us open the lab sheets open the lab sheet all of you please open the lab sheet let us do the following first I will explain the lab problem then you can start working pay attention and understand because many times you ask asking questions without listening what is said here the initial part this is same what I had discussed in the last lab session that you have here problem as well as answer sheet and there is an instruction how to save the figure by this time you already know that how to do it then the first problem is on computational heat conduction and in this problem you are note that all the code which we are giving you is two dimensional and steady state code in Cartesian coordinate system you are solving some problem but you can modify the boundary condition then you can solve some other problem but only you can solve two dimensional Cartesian coordinate system problem so then do not think that this is the software by which you can solve any CFD problem but I think for a first course in CFD this is good enough for a beginner this is good enough at least you get a confidence that how softwares are build up so this is the first step in this direction that direction how okay so let us first start with basically this lab session there are from yesterday evening we had lecture on computational heat conduction correct after yesterday lab session on grid generation the first lecture in the evening was computational heat conduction where we had shown you solution for two class of problem one all Dirichlet boundary condition which is shown as case a here with volumetric heat generation 0 and here we have made another case c where you have some non-zero volumetric heat flux this I had not done in my lecture but this is additional thing but basically there are two types of boundary condition one all Dirichlet and second left wall 100 bottom wall insulated right wall constant heat flux and top wall convective boundary condition two standard boundary condition with volumetric heat generation without volumetric 4 cases you have to simulate and which program you have to use note that because sometimes you start running the wrong program and then you ask it is this program you have to run it is the first problem so the name is 3 underscore 1 here you are you have to plot temperature for the 4 different cases a b c d you have to prepare a table for heat transfer I had written what we mean by the positive values and the negative value from the different walls left wall right wall bottom wall top wall there is a total heat transfer you have to make when you run the code the code displays that on the different wall what is the heat transfer you have to just type that in a table you also type the volumetric heat generation total heat gain total heat loss so you get an idea about the energy balance I will show you what is the solution and you have to discuss the effect of volumetric heat generation on the results I will show you the solution so you get a feel what I am saying this is the solution four figures for four different cases isotherm okay note that this four cases you have to run the program four times and boundary condition in this code is given as switches okay let me let me first show the result then I will show you the code also so that today I want to give you feel of the code also so what is a is the temperature contour for case A for case B this is the temperature contour for case B this is for case C and this is for case D so by just looking into the figure you can understand case C and D are what with volumetric heat generation A and B is what without volumetric heat generation so just see what is the difference of the volumetric generation in the two figures I will not say more you have to discuss about it where you will discuss after this there is a table for we have already drawn a table and we have put some blank spaces you just have to type the values here okay so the answer sheet format is completely ready you have to only paste the figure or write at some space caption table caption figure caption those are already provided to you finally you have to discuss the effect limited in this text box only then we have for multi-solid heat conduction for multi-solid heat conduction you have to solve the multi-solid heat conduction I think only for two cases which are those two cases case A and B which is volumetric heat generation okay so in this case also you have to draw the temperature contours like this again you have to prepare table as in the first problem okay so these are the two things which you have to do for second problem for non-linear heat conduction the problem states that this is the same problem which here you will get k0 and you have to run the program for three different values of B this is the values of B I had shown in the lecture slide B is equals to 0, B is equals to 1 and B is equals to minus 0.01 you have to enter k0, rho, Cp note then in earlier problem also you have to enter this thermo physical property because when you run the code it will ask what is the density what is the specific heat thermal conductivity to make sure that you enter this numbers properly for this multi-solid you do not have to enter the property because there are four material you will take lot of time in entering the value so all these properties we have hard coded in the code but in the first problem you have to enter the properties for non-linear conduction also you have to enter this property values you have to run this program note for a particular for each program there is a for each problem there is a particular program okay so run this problem 3 under code 3 non-linear conduction and you have to in this case you have to run the code for three different values of B and then plot temperature is a function of x so you will get three figures and you have to discuss the nature of variation for positive and negative values of B using Fourier law of heat conduction okay and I will show you the result how it should look like finally these are the three temperature profile this is for B is equals to 0 read the caption and the second is that B is equals to 1 and this is at B is equals to minus 0.01 and then you have to discuss the result here on the fourth problem so this completes the conduction, conduction we have three problem single solid conduction multi-solid conduction non-linear conduction and here what we are showing is a steady state solution in the fourth problem it is computational heat advection where you have left wall non-dimensional temperature 1 bottom wall 0 problem which I had shown earlier and this are the different advection schemes this is I will show you the caption first order of wind scheme second order quick scheme temperature contour and the velocity profile along vertical center line all these are first column is temperature contour second column is variation of temperature and the vertical center line first row is first order of wind second order of wind and the last row is quick scheme here you have to discuss the results also there is a text box for that the last problem is convection slug flow last problem is slug flow in a plane channel length of the channel is 6 height is 1 unit velocity is equals to 1 v is equals to 0 the initial condition is 0 in this case ok maybe in 1 or 2 problem you may have to enter initial condition let us say I think in advection what is the boundary value 0 and 1 so you can enter any initial condition you should get same result but the computational time may vary this is only in initial condition if your boundary values are 0 and 1 good initial condition is 0.5 so for the slug flow you have to plot the steady state temperature contours for the different advection scheme and then finally you have to plot the temperature profiles which are used for benchmarking so the data for benchmarking which is obtained from the analytical solution is already hard coded in the code so this is the study so here again you have two columns first column represents the temperature control second column represents the temperature profile at different axial location and first row corresponds to this is first order of plane scheme this is quick scheme this you have to do at round number of 10 and here you have to discuss this result ok now before you start doing it let me show you the code because yesterday some of you have suggested that if I can take the code line by line and try to explain you what is there in the code so just to show you that this code is indeed implemented whatever I thought in the lecture slides so what is there in this code let us try to understand I had given you pseudo code but here you have to use certain intakes intakes may vary so here there is a command display display command means that whatever you write here within code this will be displayed when you run the program so what will be displayed enter the following data for the conducting medium what you have to do what you have to then it density will come so you have to enter the value of density then you will ask for specific thermal conductivity and then this is a thermo physical property entry well there will be second entry what will be second entry enter the geometrical details for the domain length of the domain in the two direction then there will be third entry enter the grid details maximum number of grid point in x and y direction then this is the command to calculate the delta x and delta y value okay what is the expression delta x equals to length in the x direction divided by I max minus 2 because if there were 7 grid points there were 5 division then this is volume delta x into delta y this is the equation used to calculate the stability criteria 0.5 delta x square delta y square divided by k by in fact in case the diffusion coefficient is alpha k by rho cp this is basically that stability criteria which is actually in the slide and this is the initialization of that temperature as I said that when you run a transient code at each your time step you need two temperature value one is the old and there is a new value this t is the new and t old is the old so this is the initialization of both the matrices this is the initialization of as I said that in this code for an easy understanding on the code development we are also creating matrices for qx and qy note that the size of the matrix for temperature and qx and qy are different because if you remember there were 7 by 7 circles in my implementation detail and the green squares were 6 in the x direction 5 in the y direction inverted triangles were 5 in the x direction 6 in the y direction so the size of the matrix were different that is why they are different here then I think this is used later on for plotting because finally when you plot you need transpose of the temperature this is correct so this is to convert the final temperature value which you get to convert into a transpose form this xp is the coordinate of the vertices or self-centered extreme vertices so basically this is a you can say the part of the grid generation here the x coordinate and y coordinate of the vertices are calculated and this is the initial condition like if you have left 100 bottom 200 right 300 top 400 then you have to put initial condition the best initial condition in this case is 100 plus 200 plus 300 plus 400 divided by 4 which is 250 degree centigrade you will be asked enter the initial condition whether you had enter initial condition as 250 or 100 or 400 or 1000 steady state temperature will not change note that only the animation which you will create will change because the transient will vary but the steady state solution will be same note that steady state solution is independent of initial condition in CFD however the transient varies from the initial condition this is a now boundary condition is starting so we started with thermo physical property then when we entered to the user has to enter the grid size then the geometry the x coordinate and y coordinate of the vertices were completed the initial condition got then the next is the boundary condition here for each boundary we have put switches what are this these are switches first switch for constant wall temperature second for insulated or symmetry third for convective wall heat convective heat transfer fourth for constant heat flux so for each wall it ask you that whether what we use the boundary condition you have to have four switches one two three four whatever you pick it takes the value appropriately if you enter first which then it will ask you what is the temperature if you act second switch it's an insulated so it will not ask you anything because when it's insulated you don't have to enter anything it's a constant heat plus it will ask you what is the heat flux value if it's a convective heat transfer then it will ask you two things what is that what is the infinity for each wall this the switches have been incorporated all these are boundary conditions along with switches it takes a lot of lines in the code this is the function to calculate the RMS to check for steady state condition actually to make the language simple what I had done is that although we are calculating RMS error but for easy understanding later on what I am doing is that I am defining a term and unstreadiness okay and literally what we mean is that rather than saying RMS error less than let us say zero practically zero based on your convergence criteria I had defined a literal term which I called as unstreadiness later on that I quit that unstreadiness to the RMS error okay so this is a while loop to check whether this unstreadiness which is basically the RMS error but before you start this loop note that you have to initialize it otherwise it will not go inside this loop so you initialize it like a very large value so that even if somebody gives a very large convergence criteria let us say 10 to power 5 also then also it will go inside this code however we expect that this convergence criteria should be of the order of 10 to power minus 3 minus 4 minus 5 or so on before you do the next time step computation you take the present time value as the old time value this is the time-marching step this is this is the main loop for the explicit method iteration this is the application of the boundary condition okay now what is this can anyone tell me note the loop this is for heat flux in the x direction qx you remember the way we had discussed the formulation first we calculate qx qy then do a balance then calculate the temperature this is a loop for that green square how many green square we have 6 in the x direction 5 in the y direction that way if you look into the loop it is 1 i is 1 to i max minus 1 7 minus 1 6 1 to 6 and on the j direction vertical direction 2 to 7 minus 1 2 to 6 which makes it 5 okay so this way and note that there is a something different here what is this if i is equals to 1 and i max minus 1 which are border values the distance between the cell center is 1 green sorry 1 yellow and 1 blue and the distance is half of the cell width whether you got what I am saying near to the boundary what I am saying is if I want to calculate heat flux here the distance between this point and this point is delta x by 2 if I calculate here this is delta x okay that half cell width will be needed when I will calculate qx at the boundary here and here so here i is 1 here it is i max minus 1 so in the code you can see if i is equals to 1 this bar is or syntax is for or i is equals to i max minus 1 then in the denominator it is delta x by 2 it is forward difference for the left wall backward difference for the right wall this is loop to calculate the heat flux in the y direction note here it is 1 to j max minus 1 1 to 6 and 2 to 6 once you have calculate qx q by what we do we calculate the total heat gain by conduction here and then the temperature so you can see this code is exactly what you see in the slide implementation detail solution algorithm then rms error is calculated to give it a more literal meaning I am calling this rms error as unsteadiness then finally this are the here basically I think he is taking transpose of the temperature because when you want to plot it the plotting software wants the data structure in a particular way otherwise what will happen your bottom wall become top wall or it may become left wall you want bottom to be bottom in your when you are looking into the plot for that you may have to understand that a plotting software what is the data structure it wants to plot it appropriately so in this case he has taken a transpose of it and then finally he is using this spray plot plot for contour for plotting the contour of temperature and then he is doing all these are called as post processing what is the post processing in this case heat loss from the heat wall basically what he is doing is summing up qx from the bottom wall and top wall to calculate the total heat transfer on the left right bottom top heat generation if it is there okay and then printing it out so if this print will come to your screen you just need to note this value in the table and this is for you can also do one thing actually this is once you have got run into steady state then this plot is coming actually what you can do is that when you are doing a transient simulation sometimes if you want to create a movie actually this plot he has put inside the time loop and what is what he has done here is after every 25 time marching a screen will come what when you run the code it will start time marching from one time step two time step three time step it will come continue the time marching so let us suppose it takes thousand time steps thousand time marching to reach to the steady state after every 50 because you may feel both that you are looking into the screen it is only showing convergence criteria going from 100 200 300 so after 50 it will show you some picture so you will make you happy okay so at least you can see that you are getting some result because this computations will take some more time as compared to the grid generation okay so you have to be little patient okay any question on this code specifically do you think this programming language is difficult you need to know zeros actually what happens is that if I want to create a matrix of let us say 10 by 10 and if I want to have all the element as zero if you would see your photon then you have to write may be five line six line program for loop and then here you have single line command so zeros let us say 10 by 10 you create some matrix of size 10 by 10 with all the elements zero it is like Matlab also you have commands like zeros ones that command here actually in this programming this software the good thing is that it has lot lot more inbuilt library functions like to take maximum if you are writing in C and photon you have to write function for that here there is an inbuilt library you just write maximum so if it is a vector you write maximum of let us suppose x is a vector column vector or a row vector so if you write maximum of x it will give one value if it is a two-dimensional matrix you have to use maximum of maximum of x to get one this is the command which use in Matlab and the same commands are work here also there is lot of inbuilt function the debugging is easy so that way this code is this and why we chose this is that this is anyway open source software and it has in inbuilt so inbuilt graphics it has inbuilt lot of libraries so that way this is a good one specially for undergraduate teaching although if you want to solve complex CFD problem as compared to C or photon programs this takes slightly more time but for a beginner I think this is very good software so for a basic CFD course I think this is a good one to start here okay so how you how you will run this program you know how by this time how to run it you should run click execute and then you get here I think I had discussed this in earlier also that although I had given in my problem some density some specific it but I use some other value also steady state result will not vary let me put some value because I am not remembering it so this is the left wall boundary condition okay so let us put it 100 for no first I will to decide which boundary condition one means constant wall temperature bottom boundary one means constant wall temperature again right wall top wall this is a steady state criteria let me put it 0.001 this is the way after every 50 iteration temperature is varying this is like an animation this is the convergence which is occurring it will stop when it reaches 1 into 10 to power minus 4 this is the steady state temperature distribution actually you may feel that this is not matching with my slide you are right because your convergence criteria needs to be much smaller what I had given in my problem convergence criteria will be 1e minus 6 correct I had done what 1e minus 3 that's why it has not reached to complete steady state okay any question before we get started note that once you run the program it gives you heat loss from the left wall right wall bottom wall top wall heat generation total heat gain total heat loss and energy balance any question okay we will stop here and you can get started with the lab


Boom What's up money geeks mr. V here welcome to another video guys so in today's video we are going to talk about Sofi ticker symbol s o f I This is a fintech Company that we've covered here on the channel I currently own the stock and there's been some movement in the stock and we watch today There's been a pop in the stock So I wanted to cover that and then we'll talk about where we see this thing moving forward Before we get to the guys feel new to the channel we took about how to earn money how to save money how to invest and build Well, so you have something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button and your notification bell So you don't miss out on new content. So when it comes to so far again, this is a company that I've talked about here The product base from a fintech standpoint They are getting into pretty much everything from loans to refinancing Just to money management investing So they have this holistic picture of your money and they are getting into insurance So pretty much everything banking, which is one of the things that we're gonna talk about today So I love the company. I love where they're going as a matter of fact again I do own the stock at own an account with them and so just for just for transparency I'm gonna fill it with them. So if you want to check out so far I'm gonna put the links in the description below so you can definitely go go check them out So use that link and then you probably get like 10 bucks or 15 bucks of signing up So when it comes to so far if you look at the product base here So you can invest in so far you have personal loans or you can apply for you have student loans You can refinance you can do so fine money management You can do home loans credit card private student loans insurance credit card and other loan refinancing The one thing that you don't see on here right now is their banking because right now what's happening with so far is that Just from a learning standpoint. They have to deal with license from all 50 states They have to address license in all 50 states or the 50 states have different laws They have to worry about that So they are so moving into applying to get a license to operate as a bank At that point that they're gonna kind of streamline their operation because they're gonna be regulated by the FDIC The OCC and so things are gonna get a lot easier for them instead of dealing with 50 different states Regulations not they only get to deal with the Federal Reserve the FDIC and the OCC so to me that is a Path that once they get to that point You're gonna see them operate even more efficiently and they recently just hired Somebody that's gonna come in I think Galileo That's a guy's name to come in and help them is setting up that banking part of their business So I think once this goes through once they get a proof you're gonna see this stock Stop making some really good moves. So if we take a look at the news here Analysts at Jeffries actually initiated a buy call for so far. And so they are looking at a price target about $25. So this is this is crazy Again, if we can switch over here to CNBC the same thing. So looking at search More than 60% so again, I was told you guys that this thing to me when you got down to $15 it was always a buy more in that zone because if you look at it of that around that $15 is always been support for for for so far. So I like that $15 price point if you can buy there keep buying again This is for a long term if you want to swing it I would say it's you might wait a little bit and see if it's a little pullback before you can jump in I don't like buying right now when the thing is running to the upside You want to be in it when it's running not when It is already running. So for people that are looking to jump in I'll say if you take that risk Put a really tight stop But if you're looking to buy long-term wait for a pullback This thing is gonna come back again to you wait for that pullback and can start to load up So we just look at the chart here. You can see here It opened up today at about $15 and some change and then squeeze up. We've seen a high today over about 1680 which is I mean again, that's about a dollar Let's see rate a dollar 54 for a spread. So I think so far for people that treated it today I mean you should be in the money, which is which is awesome so again, just a recap here the reason why so far is popping today is because Jeffrey's analysts at Jeffrey's actually initiated a buy call with a price tag of $25 and so when people see that When Wall Street see that they get excited. That's what the stock jumped But I'm also looking bigger picture here and not just focusing on the short term here I'm looking at bigger picture here The big picture here is that so far is really Establishing himself and they're moving to the point where they've hired somebody that's gonna come in and take them to that next level Which is actually Applying for banking license and the fact that they're hiring somebody that has the Expertise that tells me that they're confident that they're gonna get the license to operate as a bank And if they do that It's gonna streamline the business because they're gonna go from being regulated by 50 states As far as their lending and the loans go to now being regulated by mainly three authorities the Federal Reserve the FDIC and the OCC Which is gonna make things a lot easier for so far as a company and also the one other thing that you should be aware of By being a bank so far will be able to hold more loans on its balance sheet And at this point they currently have or a limit as to how much loan they can hold on the balance sheet Once they become a bank that goes away again gives them more Opportunities I like that coming from so far again guys. This is something that I want you to be aware of This is a long-term play for me. I Look at the dips and I buy the dips and I continue to build that position if you look in the swing It's always good to buy when it hits those levels the support That's where you jump in and then if it's a spike you take some profit if you're swinging I hit jumping into a swing trade when the stack is already moving So if you if your idea is just to get in and make some quick profit, I'll probably say pump the brakes Don't do it again. That's my personality here because I'm based on my experience That's always you can this thing can reverse tomorrow You have no idea all can even pop but don't just do it because you're following momentum Do it because you understand the fundamentals if this thing is treating right that support you look at support You see hey each time you hit support it bounces back there You can start loading up off of that support, but then if it's already bounced already If you go in get it really really tight Stop lots that way you don't lose money in the trade and even if you lose money you really minimize your losses So that's something I want you to be aware of so again Let me know in the comment section what you think about is are you currently in so far do you plan and get it in? Are you swinging a long term holding? What's your strategy again? Let me know in the comment section if you're new here We took about how to earn money save money invest and build wealth We got something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button and your notification build So you don't miss out on your content also guys if you're looking to get settled investing We both has their promotion where if you sign up you get free stocks So far has promotions to where if you sign up for their so far money or so far invest So far crypto you get free stocks I put both of those links in the description below and as always guys Do your due diligence don't be a greedy savage stay motivated You


Okay, let's get this unloaded. Okay guys, we're back. Shea Bear 1000 here This is our new toy to work on Maybe get it running and flip it. It is a 2011 Malibu There's stuff that goes with it guy work with Has had it since what 2013 or something like that but It quit running one time and they got it running again, and then it ran for a day and then quit running so I got the battery on the charger. It's gonna need a little work, but you know, maybe we can get a running and flip it or Keep it. I don't know. We'll just see how it runs and what all is going on with it, but There it is, of course, it's got the seat off The front off of but it's all here So we'll see what we can't do with it. So stay tuned for a will it run video because that's what We're gonna do with it. See if it'll run I'm sure I can get it running, but down in here. I don't know if you can see it again the light on the carburetor right here This It's got some cracks in it Focus it's got a couple little cracks in it around here now. It could be sucking air So it's not gonna run good. So I have to get one of them But to see if it'll run, you know, it'll be good enough for now Maybe I can seal it just to get it to run, but It is titled street legal. So Anyway, stay tuned for the will it run video. Excuse me. Will it want Will it run video? Stay tuned for it. We'll let this battery charge a while See what goes on from there. Okay guys It's seen again. Thanks for watching Stay tuned Shea bear. I'm gone. Bye. Bye guys


My fellow Americans, the news has been bad lately, and that's good, and here's why. You've probably been hearing about Panamanian strongman General Noriega, who's been indicted for drug trafficking and his struggle to stay in power despite pressure from his own people and our government to step down. You've also been hearing about the drug-related arrests of many street gang members in Los Angeles, and then, too, there's the news about congressional investigations of organized crimes involvement in the drug trade. These news reports reflect an important change since the start of our administration in 1981. At the time, we faced a crisis of crimes stemming from the illegal drug trade, especially in South Florida. At my urging, Vice President Bush headed up a task force that performed invaluable service by coordinating the activities of all law enforcement agencies in the area and, for the first time, brought to bear against the drug smugglers the full weight of federal resources. This included high-tech military equipment and the resources of the intelligence community. Less than a year later, I went over to the Justice Department to announce a sweeping effort to break the back of organized crime in America, and a key part of this approach was the hiring of more than a thousand new agents and prosecutors as part of 12 regional drug task forces based on the South Florida model. We also set up a President's Commission on Organized Crime that did landmark work in tracing the international connections of the domestic drug trade, pointing out the usefulness of drug testing and exposing not only the old-style mafia's involvement in the drug trade, but also the danger of new emerging crime gangs. In addition to all this, we got enacted sweeping legislative initiatives like the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 and the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. This early attention to the criminal side of the drug problem, which is translated into a tripling of the overall anti-drug budget, is now paying dividends. Cocaine seizures have increased by over 1,800 percent, arrests of major drug traffickers have increased by almost 200 percent, and well over $500 million in drug-related assets were seized in 1987 alone. And this kind of success at the federal level would not be possible without an unprecedented degree of federal, state, and local cooperation. Here in Washington, this commitment is best evidenced by our Cabinet-Level National Drug Policy Board, as well as the Vice President's National Narcotics Boarder jurisdiction system and the Department of Justice's Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces. But emphasizing the criminal side of the drug problem is only part of defeating the drug menace. Thanks to the efforts of Nancy's Just Say No campaign, Americans are understanding that the permanent way to end the drug menace is to deny the drug pusher his market, to stop demand. And that means education and prevention.  It means accepting the concept of user responsibility. It means realizing that those who use drugs are, in Nancy's words, making themselves accomplices to murder. Now, in addition to prevention and education and drug law enforcement, we have also been emphasizing the international side of the problem. When we came into office, there were drug eradication programs underway in only two countries. Today, that number is 23. In fact, this administration has signed an unprecedented number of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties, Extradition Treaties, and Eradication Agreements. The unprecedented indictment of Pan-Amadian leader Noriega for drug trafficking by a U.S. grand jury is a further indication of our nation's resolve to end the foreign supply of drugs. His nation is in a crisis of his making. But as I said at the beginning, the fact that we're seeing more media coverage of the drug problem and the heat put on people like General Noriega and the street gangs in Los Angeles, or organized crime in general, is good news. Public awareness about the destructiveness of illegal drugs is at an all-time high. Americans are increasingly saying no to drugs. A recent survey of high school seniors showed a significant drop in cocaine and marijuana use. We have a long way to go before we have a drug-free America, and I hope the media keeps emphasizing that point. But it's also true America has awakened to this problem. That's quite a change from just a decade ago. So that's the good news, the very good news about the bad news of drug abuse. Until next week, thanks for listening, and God bless you.