to this session and this session we will discuss about corporate social responsibility typically how Indian companies are doing their CSR and also we will briefly understand what is social sustainability and try to also understand the difference between the corporate social responsibility and the corporate social sustainability. Because most of the time it is being used closely, but you will find also there are certain differences there between the corporate social responsibility and corporate social sustainability. So, what it means when we say corporate social responsibility, possibly everyone understand what it means or how it is being operationalized. So, it is a continuing commitment by business to behave ethically to contribute to economic development while improving the quality of the workforce and their family as well as local community and society at large. This is the definition given by WB-CST. And if you look at the over a period of time, there is a evolution of CSR with respect to what have been the focus for them. So, initially it was profit focus, a company exist only for the short term shareholder profit. Then they moved into the philanthropy that is passive donation to charities when requested. To community affair, strategy giving link to the business interest including the cause related marketing. To corporate community investment that is strategic partnership initiated by company. And finally, as a broadly now the way the corporate social responsibility is evolved they are playing a big role in the sustainable business when it is integrated into business function goal and strategy. So, CSR is not just a part of charity CSR is not something about doing only community it is integrated into the business function goal and strategy. So, CSR in India started in 1859 during industrialization CSR was just about charity and donation and during independence it was human empowerment and rural development. Then in 2014 this is with our company act, company act approved and for there we got the first country in the world to enact the mandatory minimum CSR spending law. So, over a period of time CSR in India has also evolved with the development of India and moved from charity philanthropy to human empowerment, rural development and many more focus. And from institutional building it is to community development. So, when we talk about CSR the first name is the Tata group they are the first one to possibly when the name of CSR was not kind of defined operationalized they were into the activity what should be the part of the CSR activity. The first one to establish the labor welfare practices even before these were made statutory laws across the world. They introduced the 8 hour work day in 1912 the free medical at this started in 1915 welfare department in 1917 and leave with pay worker provident fund worksman compensation in 1920 and maternity benefit for ladies in 1920. So, all this information taken for this is adopted from this internet sources on CSR in India like typically what is the history of CSR in India. This is this graph shows the recent activity disclosure what have been part of these futures kept business responsible business report in 2020. And if you look at in the in the y axis of this graph the you will find that the activity what comes under CSR or the activity what the company they have been doing under CSR those have been listed. And mostly if you look at it is educational initiative, health and wellness, rural development, environment, livelihood, donation charity and vocational training. There are many more things where the presence of CSR by the company is still very marginal or very minimal or also you may say this is absent where they need to pick it up. So, company has have been steadily improved their performance on this count, but you will find that still there are not having enough program in the social space. So, even if the CSR activity is increasing, but then do not have the adequate program in social space. This is the top 10 India, this is the top Indian companies by for CSR, this is from CSR report 2020. And this ranking this CSR top Indian company in CSR this ranking is based on company spending pattern on CSR performance spending with respect to the responsibility matrix and also the ESG performance and how companies are incorporating the stages into the responsible business action. So, here if you look at there are presence of manufacturing, there is presence of public sector, there is presence of service sector. So, there is a mix of different company that those are appearing in the top 10 company performing the best in CSR. Let us look one or two company, let us take one or two company and see how they are how they have performed or what are the activity in the CSR. So, to start with Infosys the well-known company for CSR, it conducts its CSR activity primarily through three trust Infosys Foundation in India, Infosys Foundation USA and Infosys Science Foundation. These are the focus areas that is healthcare, education and others and this is what their prescribed CSR spending and actual spending what they have done in last 5 years that is 2014, 15 to 2018, 19 and if you look at whatever they have prescribed for CSR amount that is mostly their kind of spending it or close to that whatever is prescribed and whatever is actual their spending for CSR. And this is their CSR highlights mostly with healthcare and others initiative or the other activities coming under the CSR. Then coming to the second company that is ITC, the key stakeholder over here is the typically they focus on rural communities across India where ITC has the agribusiness operation and large majority of whom are small and marginal farmers. The community residing in the vicinity of ITC units mainly rural, but also the semi- rural and also the urban location. They take a horizon strategy that is through intervention of making current livelihood more productive, profitable and sustainable and the focus area is primary agriculture and allied activity. Then they have this popular ITC each of initiative in the focus of watershed development, afforestation, sustainable agriculture, livestock development and human economic empowerment. Also ITC's program for education, skilling and vocational training, health sanitation on the solid waste management. This is their water positive status. Then they have partnered with NITIO to improve the agriculture and allied sector in 27 aspirational district. Then each of each OPAL platform to enable the market access and digital driven agri-transformation and help 4 million farmers till death. Similarly, coming to the another company that is Tata Chemical. So, here the CSR program is represented as BICON. BICON is for Blossom Enhance, Aspire, Conserve and Nurture and it covers the aspects of health, sanitation, nutrition, livelihood generation, education, environment and biodiversity and what each of it focuses on. So, in Blossom if you know about the Okhai Center, they have created the Okhai Center for Empowerment where they give the livelihood to 1500 artisans through skill enhancement training and facilitating the market linkage and this is one of the successful platform where the sales are increasing in for the handicraft and hand-dome. That in enhance, in the under enhance they are promoting livelihood, agricultural development and the livestock management. Similarly, in Aspire it focuses the learning and skill development initiative and similarly for Kanjar which is Biodiversity Protection, Nurture it is Health and Sanitization and apart from this also they focuses on Women Empowerment and the Disaster Support. Now, coming to the second part of the session to understand what is social sustainability. Now, so we know that sustainability has three dimensions, it is economic, it is environment, it is social. But let us try to because the space, the spare it all talks about the social business, social entrepreneurship in this context let us understand what is social sustainability. So, social sustainability is the ability of a community to develop process and structure which not only meet the need of its current member but also support the ability of the future generation to maintain a healthy community. And from the business perspective it is about understanding the impact of cooperation on people and society. In cooperation social sustainability performance issues includes human rights, fair labour practices and also it gets into community engagement and philanthropy. Now, why there is a growing importance of social sustainability? There is a growing importance of social sustainability because of this query what the businesses or what the community they face at the, the business community they face at the different point of time. Are we properly engaging our stakeholder that is with respect to the stakeholder engagement? The complaint and grievances are we adequately responding to this? How efficiently we are uplifting the community we directly or indirectly impact? And what is the most effective manner to bring them to the supply chain? Are we investing in the education and health of the young people in our immediate surrounding? And all this thing is also this part of this social sustainability there is also a standard. So, at some point of time if the organization want to get a certification or get a certified with respect to their activity of the social sustainability ISO 26000 that deals with the standard related to social sustainability. So, this is an international standard to develop to help organization effectively assess and address the social responsibility. And they are relevant and significant to their mission and vision, operations processes, customer, employee, community and stakeholder and also the impact what they are creating to the ecosystem. Now, let us understand the philosophy behind the social sustainability. This is being presented by many through ethics of social sustainability, the philosophy of social sustainability and few of the points, few points from there we have taken here to understand what is the philosophical aspect of the social sustainability. Now, here if you look at the social sustainability the focus is on individual's behavior, attitude and action. And here the entire social sustainability concept or the philosophy behind social sustainability is to develops the reverse consumerism. That does not mean that we need to end consumption, but understanding the minimalistic requirement for it. So, you will feel that in many cases the minimal or the minimalistic have been a new tagline to understand that how we are concerned for the environment, how we are concerned for the society. But here the social sustainability philosophy, even if they are saying that we should consume less, but it is not about end the consumption, it is about understand what is the minimalistic requirement and accordingly acting over that. The other perspective comes over here is that to understand between the wants and need. So, our basic economics starts with the fact to human wants and we know that human wants are unlimited. And if we are going to fulfill the unlimited wants at some point of time, we get into the basic economic question that how much resources available and how much is our want. And we always find a gap between the availability of the resources and our unlimited want. So, in that current connecting to that social sustainability, the philosophy behind it is that to understand the difference between wants and need, what we want and actually what we need in life. So, what is necessary instead of what is wanted. And here some of them have given a very radical example, starvation by choice to understand the actual need of the starving individual. So, unless we are not starving possibly we will not know how the hunger or how the starvation is that. Or the second example can be take the poverty to understand the certain level of building social expectation. So, these are all philosophy, but when it comes to operationalization we need to see how do we operationalize the reverse consumerism or how do we operationalize the minimalistic requirement so that it is not affecting the other stakeholder in the process or the other stakeholder in the model. Then there is the different dimensions of social sustainability given by Nobel laureate Amritsan. There are six dimensions of social sustainability. It starts with the first one is equity. Here the community provide equitable opportunity and outcome for all its members particularly to the poorest and most vulnerable member of the community. Then diversity, the community promotes and encouraged diversity. Interconnected social cohesion, the community provide process, system, structure, promote connectedness with the outside the community and the formal informal and institutional level. Similarly, the quality of life, the community ensure the basic needs are met to foster a good life for all their members in individual group and community level with respect to health, housing, education, employment and safety. These are the basic need to lead a good quality of life. Similarly, the other dimension is democracy and governance like what kind of processes the community is having and also the open and accountable governance structure. And the last one is maturity that is the individual accept the responsibility of consistent growth improvement through better social attributes that is through behavioral pattern, indirect education and the philosophical exploration. So, the typical example here what we are discussing in the previous slide is to understand by consuming more where I am impacting or which stakeholder is getting impacted. If I am getting minimalistic, whether I am affecting any of the stakeholder in the business processes or in the business model or in the society model. Now, these are few of the example, social sustainability example that is the initiative taken by the company like general electric match gift program and healthcare access there are and this has become like a popular program you will find many organizations they have given this. Then IBM, the corporate citizenship that is 167,000 years of competing time to support projects such as cancer treatment research, 3M gives young scientist challenge, Zappos for good donate the school supplies, Cisco goal is to impact 1 billion people by 2025. Then Apple ask less to planet the greenest company in the world, LinkedIn for good channel to participate in mentorship, donate times and find volunteering opportunity through volunteer marketplace. You will find many more examples this is the organization they are also seriously they are putting their effort for the social sustainability you will find many more example of the social sustainability in context. Now, let us understand since we have discussed about two thing that is corporate social responsibility and corporate social sustainability. Let us understand what may be the difference between CSR and CSS because we know that in many cases we use it interchangeably but also there are certain differences that that is there between the corporate social responsibility and corporate social sustainability. So, here this is one way it is being summarized with respect to vision, target and motivation and also we will see in the next slide there are other way where we can make a difference between these two. So, here to start with a vision CSR often looks backward and reflect on what a company has done and contribute to the society and sustainability typically looks forward and develop a sustainability strategy for the future. Targets the targets for CSR initiative are often opinion format that is media, politician and pressure group whereas corporate sustainability look at the whole value chain everyone from the end consumers to the stakeholder. When it comes to motivation CSR the driving forces behind CSR initiative is to product companies obligation but for when it comes to CSS the drive has to more to do with creating new opportunity for the emerging market. Now, few more differences between CSR and CSS. So, CSR is considered more like a umbrella term under which sustainability is one aspect. Other argue that CSR is the one of the three from P in the people planet and profit whether they are evolving eventually to become synonym there are difference between these two. CSR refers to business responsibility to act ethically consider their impact on community at a large and does not necessarily encompasses the sustainability. So, it is they are more on what is the impact on the community in that process sustainability may be achieved sustainability may not be achieved. On the other hand sustainability concern with preserving resources in operating in a way that conducive for the long-term trading and here the clear difference between CSR and CSS is that also we discussed in the previous slide. CSR looks backward at performance typically over last 12 months while sustainability will find that it is more forward facing focus with a target to secure the future for the trading. Similarly, both CSR and sustainability understand that the context that is community environment in which business operate its integral to business success and sustainability then goes step further taking into account of the need of the future generation. So, possibly the understanding over here is that the CSR is bother about or the concern about the community environment in which the business is operating but sustainability is not now also looking at the environment and the community that will happen in the for the future generation or in the future. In business practices some say CSR is embedded in companies mission and vision who it is what it wants to represent achieve but sustainability is the day to day operation of the company for example how to use the energy that is more like a sustainability. But when you take the same example is that if you are sourcing the energy from which sources whatever the impact you are making or sourcing energy if you are able to help any group any stakeholder that more about the corporate social responsibility. So, there is a multi-dimensional view of CSR typically known as 4CR and it incorporate three interlink movement in the corporate world that is CSR sustainability worldwide reforms on the corporate governance. So, there is another view is that there is a apart from CSR also there is 4CR and in 4CR it incorporates the CSR sustainability and also the corporate governance which is part of our the newest rise in the ESJ. So, here in the last this session we are trying to explore what corporate social responsibility means how the top Indian company they are doing their CSR. Then understanding briefly about social sustainability what are the different dimensions or what is the philosophical aspect associated with social sustainability. Few of the example of social sustainability by the company and lastly we discuss about the difference between the corporate social responsibility and corporate social sustainability. So, in the next session we will see what are the sustainable development goal and how it can be aligned to the corporate strategy of the organization. Thank you.


Ladies and gentlemen, the Jaws of Schlitz Brewing Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, presents the Halls of Ivy, starring Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Coleman. I was curious. I tasted it. Now I know why Schlitz is the beer that made Milwaukee famous. If you like good beer, you'll find it pays to be curious and learn about Schlitz for yourself. That's around us here today. Colleagues, that is, in the town of Ivy, USA. Dr. Hall, William Toddler Hall, the president of Ivy, has problems shared by Mrs. Hall, the former Victoria Cromwell of the London stage. Problems not entirely curricular. An immediate worry concerns the sudden and so far undiagnosed illness of a last night's dinner guest, Mr. Clarence Wellman, who's now recovering everybody hopes from an outrageously swollen nose in the extra bedroom. Todd, may I tell you something? Of course, my dear. What is it? You are the only man I know who can pace back and forth while sitting motionless in a chair. Well, I'm worried, Victoria. Seeing the nose of the chairman of the board of governors turn a violent crimson, immediately after he is dined as a guest in one's house, is a privilege granted few college presidents. I say privilege in the sense that seeing the Grand Canyon at sunset is a privilege. Do you think Penny did something to his gluten bread? There's nothing you can do to gluten bread.  But, Mr. Wellman's illness distresses me. He and I have clashed over policy ever since his election to the board, and he's almost certain now, consciously or unconsciously, to lay both his nose and his stomach squarely at my door. Well, really? Well, you know what I mean. Do you suppose he'll recover in time to participate in the charter day ceremony? I doubt it. He'd never have stayed here all night unless he really felt awful, and his nose looked it. Couldn't you postpone it for a while? Prespone the charter day ceremony? Yes. Why must it begin precisely at 10 o'clock? Well, for the same reason that the guards at Buckingham Palace wear those towering bearskins instead of our freshman beanies. It's traditional. It's been traditional for the charter day ceremony to begin at 10, ever since that morning back in 1640, when the Governor of the Colony granted a small group of pirates, smugglers, and slave dealers the right to found the college for the propagation of all virtues. Virtues which, by the way, if practiced by the founders, would have kept them much too poor to do anything of the sort. Now, I... Lost the thread? I seem to have lost the entire spool. Oh, yes, yes. I was discussing tradition. Now, I hold no brief for tradition as such, but there are some traditions which are valuable and should I feel be maintained, especially in these days when the notion prevails that the highest aim of all human endeavor is to guess correctly for a fabulous prize the name of some popular song. I also... Excuse me, sir. Oh, what is it, Benny? A young man at the door.  Oh, yes. Have him come in. Yes, sir. A photographer. Yes, the publishers phoned yesterday and asked if they could send someone to take pictures for an early issue. In addition to shots of the ceremony, they want a few of me. You know, the sort of thing, the president of Ivy having breakfast, donning his cap and gown and... Silly, of course, but then to bother, but perhaps of value to the school. Shall I leave? No, no, no, not at all. I don't think you'll disturb him. He'll merely photograph me at this end of the room. Where are my cap and gowns? On the chair, behind you. Do I look all right? Like the very model of a college president. Dr. Hall? Yes, good morning. I'm Lufa Bland of Exposure Magazine. Of course, how do you do? Victoria, may I introduce Mr. Bland? Mr. Bland? Vicky Cromwell, isn't it? Yes, but that is... I was before... I was in love with you once for a whole week. Oh, how nice. When you entertain the troops at Anzio, you don't remember me, of course, but I can still hear you singing, Cool Eight Eye the One, though. Mr. Bland, I was thinking that if you did come here to take pictures... Oh, yes, sir. Perhaps one of me is standing here near the window. Would you mind raising the blind, sir, for a bit more light? Yes, sir. How's that? Swell. Now, Mrs. Hall, if I could trouble you for a smile... Like this? Yes. Dr. Hall, you're throwing a shadow on it. Perhaps if you stood behind me. Oh, yes, yes, yes, of course. Good. Now, hold it, Mrs. Hall. Now, this might make a good one. One of me is sitting at the table. Mrs. Hall, I'd like one of you... Well, one of you with your eyes sort of crinkling above the rim of the coffee cup. How's this? Dr. Hall. Yes? If you held back the curtain, it would be a better highlight in her hair. Good. But stand back a bit further, or you'll be in the frame. Yes, yes, we mustn't have that, must we? A bit more crinkle, Mrs. Hall? Good. That's a very nice camera you have. I even remember the dress you wore at Anzi Hall. It was intended that everyone showed. I used to own a camera. We remembered you all right, Mrs. Hall. The dress and everything in it. I'm very flattered, Mr. Bland. It was a brownie box camera. First prize for Sunday school attendance. Sort of hold up the coffee, Mrs. Hall, as though you were about to pour. That's it. Had a little carrying strap, I remember. Now, Dr. Hall. Yes? How about one of you? Well, it's weird. You have any film left? Well, what of you with Mrs. Hall? Now, let's see now. Well, suppose she sort of fixes your tie. Oh, like this? Exactly. I think I'll shoot it over Dr. Hall's shoulder. No, no, don't turn your head around to me, sir. Look at her. Yeah, please. If I may suggest a caption. The former Miss Borat Victoria Cromwell star of English stage and friend. Well, I think that will give me all we need on this angle. Really? All you need? Now, sir, can you tell me something about the ceremony itself? So I'll have an idea on how to plan my shots. Well, at 9.55, there will be a knock at my front door. It'll be a messenger from the Chief Proctor. Because, to me, the messenger is the youngest member of the student body. Who is it this year? A prodigy named Merton Savada, who is, I believe, not quite 14. A freshman at 13? No, not a freshman. He is at present working for his master's degree. He took his A-B at Columbia last year. Then, at 10 o'clock, the procession will come to a halt in front of this house. And the Chief Proctor will knock upon the door three times with his staff of office. Your readers may be interested in a picture of that staff, because picture magazines do have readers, don't they? I think some of our subscribers can read. Yes, yes, yes. Well, the practice staff was fashioned from the limb of a walnut tree. Sent as a gift by the University of Paris and brought to this country by Benjamin Franklin. At the knock, I opened the door and, accompanied by the Chairman of the Board, stand on the front steps. At our appearance, a tenor soloist sings Gaudiama Zigitta, a capella. He is very, very impressive, Mr. Bland. I get a lump in my throat every time I see it. Well, then the Chairman of the Board takes his place at the head of the procession and leads it to the chapel. I follow. Once there, several hymns, a few speeches, the reading of the charter, and it's all over. Well, it sounds most interesting. Doctor, thanks very much for your help, sir. I'll be going over to the North Gate now. Yes, I hope I didn't spoil any of your pictures by getting my shadow into them. I don't think so. I was pretty careful. Goodbye, Mrs. Hall. Wonderful to have seen you again. Well, thank you. Thank you very much. Right. Goodbye. Goodbye. Well, nice young man. How well you describe the charter day, Toddy. There's so many things that puzzle me about these school ceremonies, you always manage to make them so clear. Thank you, but what sort of things, Vicki? Well, for instance, why is it that ceremony where you award the diplomas called commencement, when it always comes at the end of the school year? That's a very good question. I thought so. Well, commencement, as everyone knows. Knows. You know, Vicki, I have a theory about Mr. Wellman's nose. I suspect that it's the result of simple, ordinary stage fright. Yes. I think that he is so terrified of making a speech at the charter day ceremonies that his subconscious mind has come rushing to his aid with the geranium effect on his nose. He wants to be excused from speaking and doesn't even realize it. Well, I certainly know a lot of ways to pre-stage fright. For example? It's all a matter of psychology. Every actress is a practicing psychologist, you know, whether she knows it or not. Yes, but in Mr. Wellman's case... In Mr. Wellman's case, we must first make up our minds that we will simply ignore his nose. That's quite a hurdle, Victoria. It's a bit like asking a traveling architect to ignore the Taj Mahal. Nevertheless, dear, we must not concentrate on the very thing we're trying to relieve. In his case, his nose. What do we concentrate on? If I may end a sentence with a preposition, and in my own home, I think I may. We must not prefer to his nose. We must build up his confidence in himself with praise. We must say nice things to him. What can we say nice about Mr. Wellman? Hmm. Can you give me a few minutes on that? Certainly, dear. Now, let me see. I have never seen him actually kick the dog. I was curious. I tasted it. Now I know why Schlitz is the beer that made Milwaukee famous. Before we return to the halls of Ivy, starring Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Coleman, let's visit a psychology professor on another campus. He wants to tell you how scientific curiosity led him to make a pleasant discovery. Well, I'm a professor all right, but not the absent-minded variety. This is somewhat of a disappointment to my wife and two daughters who would like nothing better than a good excuse for directing my activities. As it is, they do pretty well without one. After last semester, for example, they packed me off to a dude ranch for a vacation. My instructions were to forget psychology and experiments. I tried. But the very first day, circumstances forced me to conduct what I like to call my favorite unsuccessful experiment. I was watching a group of guests come in from a horseback ride. It was hot that day and they were tired and dusty, but our host seemed to know just what to do. He hustled out cool bottles of beer, flits I noticed from the labels. This beer was greeted with smiles of welcome that changed to looks of pleasure as the guests drank.  So I tasted Schlitz and my experiment collapsed. How could I maintain my scientific attitude when I wanted so hard to concentrate on the famous Schlitz flavor? I waited till next day to try another glass and again had the same wonderful reaction. Now that I'm home, I keep my own supply of Schlitz. Of course, I'm no longer experimenting. I drink Schlitz for the pleasure it gives me. And when I serve it to my friends and see the looks of satisfaction on their faces, I can't help thinking to myself, no wonder they call Schlitz the beer that made Milwaukee famous. Let's surround us here today. Now that Dr. Hall has had a few minutes to think of some redeeming feature of Mr. Wellman's character, and remember not to concentrate on his nose. Maybe he...no, too late. Here's the subject himself. Ah, good morning, Mr. Wellman. Good morning to you both. Won't you sit down? Thank you. Is there something amiss with my necktie? You both keep staring at me. No, no, no. It's a very handsome necktie. I was admiring it. Thank you. My daughter gave it to me. I have always believed she has excellent taste.  As plain, in fact, as the... As the shoes on your feet. That's rather a knob, similarly. I do hope you're feeling better this morning. I'm still a bit queasy. Oh, that's too bad. I...I wonder if you'd care to try a rather old remedy many people I know have used with much success. I would be grateful for all lost anything. Well, what did you have in mind, Victorian? Have we any shingle nails, William? Shingle nails? Shingle nails? Isn't that a rather ridiculous... Ah, never mind. Let it go. I...I knew you would think it was ridiculous, Mr. Wellman. No, Mrs. Hall, I'm sorry. Tell me, I don't care if this idea was suggested by a Hindu voodoo man. You...you were saying something about shingle nails. How do I eat them? You don't eat them, Mr. Wellman. You place the point of the nail against your left thumb, put the head of the nail against your right thumb, and think about something else for five minutes.  Well, don't just stand there, Dr. Hall. Get her a shingle nail. Um, I...a shingle nail. Yes, yes. I'll see if I can find one. Thank you, dear. Now, please sit down, Mr. Wellman. No, thank you. No, I'm too restless, Mrs. Hall. This shingle nail thing. I've often wondered just how much scientific basis there was for some of our odd superstitions. Perhaps this shingle nail business has some magnetic property that, well, and I'll steal now, an electric, a negative, and a positive, and all that. Well, I wouldn't be a bit surprised. I'm sorry, Vicky, but I couldn't find the shingle nail, but here's a horseshoe nail with that, too. Wonderful, William. Simply wonderful. It really takes a horseshoe nail. I had no idea there was one in the house. But, um, I think a shingle nail is a good thing to have in reserve. Just in case. Take another look. Will you please? Yes, I'll be very glad to. That's a dear. I think I know exactly what you want. Well, let me take the nail there, Mrs. Hall. Now, how do I hold it? I like this. No, no. The point against the left thumb. That's it. Now, the head against the right thumb. Now, just hold it. We'll just talk.  What shall we talk about? Oh, yes. The weather. Television. Stock market. Your speech. That's it. Your speech. What did you plan to say at the Charter Day ceremony, Mr. Wellman? Well, I open by saying ladies and gentlemen. That's very good. Very good. It is? Of course it is. Because after all the people you're talking about too are ladies and gentlemen. Now, keep the point of the nail against your left thumb. Oh, yes. It struck me as being a rather good way to start. Oh, yes, it is. Now, keep the head against the right thumb. See, that's it. That's it. Now, then what do you say? And then I say, we are gathered here today. That's nice. Uh-huh. You like that, Mrs. Hall? Yes, yes. I do, Mr. Wellman. After all it is today. And they will be gathered there. It has something of the truth and simplicity of the Gettysburg Address. And then how does your speech go, Mr. Wellman? And then I say, we are gathered here today to honor the men and women who, by their noble deeds, send them away. Dear, I heard it. But that's your cue. Yes.  Vicki, I may be on, but I'd prefer to have the reminder couched in slightly more formal terms. This is an occasion of some importance. May I go with you? Of course. I'll just stand here offstage and watch. That was funny, I thought. Good morning, sir. Oh, there you are, down there. Good morning, sir. Good morning, Master Scholar. It is my pleasure, sir, as well as my duty to inform you that I bear a message from the Chief Proctor. What is the message, Master Scholar? Sir, the faculty and the students escorting the charter bearing the seal of the colony are approaching. Thank you, Master Scholar, and good morning. Good morning to you, sir. Shouldn't you be getting ready? Well, the procession will take a little time to get here, but I should get started. Let me help you on with your robe, Toddy. Now, there, that's it. Oh, you do look pretty. Thank you, my dear. Where is Mr. Wellman? Has your medicine cured him? I think so. He told me so himself. Oh, he wouldn't miss the boat. Not that I'm against boat missing. In fact, darling, I like people who miss boats. Well, if that's a personal reference, my dear, missing a boat was the most intelligent thing I ever did. The young Professor Hall on board ship with only a few minutes remaining of his five months sabbatical in England. His last few dollars invested in a passage from Southampton back home to New York, and his emotions invested in a beautiful actress whom he would probably never see again. That's the last going ashore warning. Yes, I know. And I haven't got a ticket. So if you don't mind letting go of me, I'd better be home. Can't possibly be the last warning. They must give several good heavens. They don't expect people to dash aboard and hand somebody a basket of fruit and dash off again. Oh, Vicki, I... I wish they'd play something a little less sentimental, don't you? Yes. It's difficult enough to wish a friend goodbye on New Year's Eve. Well, I'm not underscoring it like that.  Oh, mere words at times like these. I haven't many words either, William. About three, in fact. Little ones. Three little words? For me? Vicki, you don't mean... Yes. I'll miss you. Oh, yes. That is three words, isn't it? You know, it's going to be hard to concentrate on my work when I get back to the United States. I like that. I'll forever be thinking such thoughts as, this is Monday. It was on a Monday that Victoria and I drove to Stratford to see Shakespeare's home. We stopped for Buns of Amber across on the way. And on Tuesday, it was a Tuesday that Victoria and I visited Madame Tussaud's wax works. Yeah, and you tried to tip the wax door, man. On a Thursday... Oh, Vicki, I wish we had it all to do over again. Perhaps we can. Sometime soon. I'm afraid not soon, dear. Professors, don't get sabbaticals every year. I know. But the play I'm in might be produced in New York. When? Has it been... Did you... has anything been said about it? No, but something's going to be. Oh, good. Vicki! Yes? Will you remember the address I gave you and write to me? Yes. Of course I will, dear. I promise. And if you let go my hands, I'll cross my heart. I don't want to let you go, Vicki. Ever. I... Yes, I know. Vicki! Vicki, I love you very much. Will you marry me? Thought you were going to leave without asking me. I almost did. Oh, darling, darling. What's that? Oh, it's the steward. Yes, steward, take my luggage ashore. I'm not sailing. Come on, Vicki. William, dear, it's Mr. Wellman. Oh, good. He's just in time. I say, Wellman, take these bags off the ship. I'm taking the next one. I don't know. That's a good chap. No, no, William. It's Mr. Wellman, our guest. Well, why doesn't he take the luggage, eh? Our guest. Were you talking about these, Dr. Hall? And what luggage? Oh, it's you, Mr. Wellman. I'm sorry. William, where have you been? I'm afraid I was a little bit at sea, my dear. Or almost. I'm sorry, Mr. Wellman. It was... Oh, good heavens. What happened to your nose? It looks like a nose again. It doesn't, though. It doesn't. That's exactly what it looks like. That's a remarkable remedy you possess, Mrs. Hall. Horseshoe layer. Remarkable, remarkable, entirely remarkable. And may I say, Dr. Hall, that your robe is extremely becoming. Thank you. I hope mine has as fine a drape. Well, I've seen a reason why it shouldn't. You'll be in the ceremony, Mr. Wellman. Oh, of course. Of course. Of course. Wouldn't miss it for the world. Going to read a speech. Good speech, too. Dictated myself. Reminded Mrs. Hall of Lincoln's Gettysburg address. Oh, I'm delighted. Here. Let me help you on with your gown. Here. There it is. Our caps, if you please, Victoria. Thank you. Are you ready, sir? I am. My arm, Mrs. Hall. Already, Doctor. What do you think, Mr. Hall? You always think when I hear that, son. Socrates questioning the Athenian youth. Renaissance students obtaining licenses to beg their way through college. Dr. Einstein playing his violin. Safe on the campus of Princeton instead of being a bit of charred bone at Buchenwald or Auschwitz. Sir Francis Bacon catching the cold from which he died by stuffing a fowl with snow to test the theory of refrigeration. And astronomers alone in observatories on cold and starry nights and the inscription carved about the library entrance, you shall know the truth and the truth will make you free. Vicki, look. There goes Wellman. But the devil was that shingle nonsense you gave him. What is the nonsense if it works, dear? And it did work. Look at him. See how he squared his shoulders.  It was fascinating. I imagined it was. Why don't you ever give me a treatment like that? You don't need it, Toddy. I'm so sure of that today. I'm afraid this speech of mine is a trifle week. Your speech is another week. How does it go? Well, I begin by saying honored visitors, governors, gentlemen of the faculty and students. Spend it, spend it. You think so? Yes, perfect. How does it go from there? Well, then I say having but recently been reappointed as president of Ivy College. Oh, William, that's wonderful. Because you were just recently appointed. Go on. It is my considered opinion that in the ensuing semester the plans which we have formed you know, maybe this speech is better than I thought. Anyway, after that, I say... Yes, dear? You can even do it without a nail, can't you? I was curious. I tasted it. Now I know why Schlitz is the beer that made Milwaukee famous. Again, our master, Mrs. Ronald Coleman. You know, my dear, your choice of that horseshoe nail I thought was very silly at first but I'm beginning to regard it as being richly symbolic. Symbolic? For what? For goodness' sake. Well, of Mr. Wellman's being continually under foot. Did I ever recite my little verse on superstition? I rather fancied myself as a poet when quite young. Go on. I'd love to hear it. Well, to the best of my memory it went, from ancient days the symbols came, the sign, the amulet, the charm, the seal, the ring, the coin, a name to conjure with and shield from harm. Faith in and dread of all these things is one of man's great racial quirks. But down through time the question rings, why scorn the gimmick if it works? I think that's wonderful. But is it just superstition when it works? Do you mean that? Vicki, that's why poets live in inaccessible gadgets so no one can ask them what they mean. Good night, everyone. Good night. Next week at this time at the Halls of Ivy, starring Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Coleman. The other players were Herbert Butterfield, Gloria Gordon, Peter Leeds, and Henry Blair. Tonight's script was written by Walter Brown Newman and Don Quinn. Our music was composed and conducted by Henry Russell. The Halls of Ivy was created by Don Quinn, directed by Matt Wolfe, and presented by the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Ken Carpenter speaking. Oh, we love that surround us here today. For most of these same NBC stations.


Hello everybody Andrea here with dental lmobile hygiene. So let me talk to you guys about how I can fix a cavity in your home So I am a restorative dental hygienist So what that means is I have certain specialized skills more than a dental hygienist But I'm not a dentist so I'm kind of in between Where I can fix cavities in your home So if you have a cavity that needs fixing what I do first is I apply a liquid So this isn't an anti-carious liquid called silver-diamine fluoride This is what will actually kill that bacteria that's causing the cavity and Prevent it from getting larger So the same step if you were to go to the dental office for them to take out that cavity They use the high-speed handpiece the drill Instead of the liquid to take out the cavity So I use a liquid instead of the drill and a dentist uses a drill instead of a liquid It's almost 2021 things have changed. So it's amazing especially for kids But then to apply the filling over top. That's what I do. I put the filling over top So I'm a mobile dental hygienist So I bring the same portable equipment in this case It's called a triturator and that mixes up the filling material in the little machine And I just simply place it in in into the tooth I pack it in I polish it. I do whatever has to be done. So it does feel like your tooth again I will check your bite with something called articulating paper to check to make sure that it's where it should be And that's it. Whereas if you go to the dentist, they do the same thing So if you've ever had a filling before as I'm talking about these steps, you might start to remember So the difference is between a dentist and a restorative hygienist is I use that liquid Silver diamine fluoride to take out the cavity and that's the only difference. Plus I don't do needles So a dentist, that's why they have to give you the local anesthetic first to make the tooth or teeth numb So when they're drilling out the cavity with the drill, it doesn't hurt I don't give needles because I'm not Hurting you because I'm not using a drill to take away that cavity or in some cases enamel at the same time So I don't use needles. None of that. I put the liquid in of silver diamine fluoride I put the filling in after that shine the light, you know, pack it in all of the same stuff Done, that's it. The other difference is though. I cannot take x-rays So typically especially if you have a lot of cavities a dentist does like to take x-rays afterwards to make sure That the cavity has been fully removed from the tooth and that the filling will do its job So I can't take x-rays.  So I really like that silver diamine flight It's amazing. It is so much more cost effective We don't always have to drill into the tooth if the cavity is too small Has a dentist ever said to you that you have little cavities. They're going to keep an eye on it They're going to watch it because the cavity is not big enough to fill yet Well, any time I see a suspected area like that I don't just watch it because I don't want it to get bigger So what I do is I put that liquid over top and that will prevent it from getting bigger as long as you're brushing Properly, if you leave that area alone, it always gets bigger.  So that liquid that I'm talking about truly is amazing I apply it to my own teeth I have noticed little spots sometimes where I kind of wonder if that's a cavity or not I put the liquid on when I check it say three months later. It's not sticky at all So, you know how at the dentist even the hygienist we like to poke in there, right? We we like to poke the teeth We're not doing it to be annoying. We poke in there to check Well, is that little spot sticky? Is that little stain sticky? If it is that's a good indication that it's a cavity. If it's a little sticky That's where we might say let's watch it. But I don't watch it I put the liquid on so it doesn't get stickier and get bigger if it's really sticky That's when we might say you need a fillin But let me put the liquid on for you guys so things don't get bigger This stuff works great for kids adults seniors anybody because that liquid takes two seconds Literally two second. Okay. Maybe five seconds, but it doesn't take time at all You don't need needles and that can even prevent you from getting a filling if the cavity is tiny enough But if you need a filling I can do that as well Unless I suspect that tooth needs a root canal or we have to pull the tooth That's where the dentist comes in so I don't pull tooth and I don't do root canals But I can do fillings so I hope that helps you guys let me know if you have any questions and I'll see you guys in the next video


Whether you like it or not, and whether you asked for it or not, aero gravel bikes are coming. Now, for sure, there are some people watching this right now that are rolling their eyes. I mean, do we really need aero gravel bikes? Sounds like the bike industry just trying to get more money out of us, just like they did with disc brakes or electronic shifting or chamois that are made from some material other than wool. Personally, this is exactly what I've been waiting for, and I'll explain why, as well as giving you a rundown of my personal aero gravel bike, which is Factor's new OSTRO gravel. So first things first, why the hell should we care about aerodynamics when we're riding gravel? Aren't the speeds so low that it doesn't even really matter? Well, it's important to note that aerodynamics makes some sort of small difference at all speeds, even very slow ones. But as your speed increases, it matters exponentially more. I want to demonstrate this quickly by playing around with bike calculator, and this should give you some sort of idea as to how much aerodynamics matters at low speeds. These are, of course, just rough estimates, and the actual time saved varies based on a whole host of different factors. But again, this is just a demonstration. So let's say that we've got 100 kilometer or 62 mile gravel course, which is a pretty standard distance for a shorter gravel race. Let's look at the difference in time to complete the course in the hoods, and then in the more aerodynamic drops position. The speed that I choose will be for the hoods, and then we'll see how much faster we go when we move to the drops. Starting with 15 kilometers per hour or 10 miles per hour would save you around 25 minutes. Going up to 25 kilometers per hour would save you about 18 minutes. And if we go up to 35 kilometers per hour, we are saving about 13 minutes. Wait a minute. Why are we saving more time at lower speeds? I thought aerodynamics mattered more at higher speeds. Well, it does, but at slower speeds you're out riding the course for a longer period of time, and hence you're out in the wind for a longer period of time. Keep in mind that at 15 kilometers per hour, moving to the drops only gained us about one kilometer per hour, while at 35 kilometers per hour going to the drops gained us about three kilometers per hour. But when you're out on the course for so long, that extra one kilometer per hour adds up over time. Dude, if this entire video is just going to be you playing with your calculator, then I think I'd rather watch GCN. Yes, aerodynamics matters more at higher speeds, but that doesn't mean that it doesn't matter at all at lower speeds. 15 kilometers per hour is so slow that most people can't even feel any air resistance and would probably never think to use the drops. Now, there is a point to be made that when you're actually riding at this speed, like up a steep climb, you could potentially put out more power if you stick in the hood's position. But the point is still that aerodynamics matters even at this low speed, even if it doesn't feel like it. And if there's a point that I hope that I've driven home multiple times on this channel, it's that you can't necessarily trust your feelings. Let's get back on track here. We're talking about aero gravel bikes. Now, going from the hood's position to the drops position is likely more of an aerodynamic benefit than you'll ever get from your bike, but that doesn't mean there aren't some real gains to be had by optimizing your equipment for aerodynamics, even on gravel. Let's go ahead and get into my personal equipment choices to maximize aerodynamics for gravel racing. Aero gravel bikes are far from the norm right now. There are really only a few companies that make any sort of aero claims in regards to their gravel bike. One company that is on the forefront of this, however, is Factor, and I've been lucky enough to work with Factor this year and been able to race and give feedback on their new Aero gravel bike. For those familiar with Factor's lineup, you'll probably be familiar with the Aero, which is their all around road bike with emphasis on being both lightweight and aerodynamic. The Aero gravel looks very similar to the Aero with the most notable difference being the wider tire clearance. In fact, this summer when I was posting pictures of the bike when it was still a prototype, people were asking me how I fit such wide tires into my Ostrow. I would have asked why you always choose a white kit when you ride in the mud, but to each their own, I guess. While we're on that topic, let's talk about tire clearance and what tires I generally run for gravel racing. The Ostrow gravel has clearance for up to 45 millimeter tires. If 45 millimeters seems like overkill to you, what I will say is that I have personally tested wider tires on gravel and generally the wider the tire, the lower the rolling resistance seems to be. Renee Hurst has done some work on this and found that there was no difference between a 28 and 44 millimeter wide tire and this was on smooth pavement. And if there isn't any difference on smooth pavement, that means almost certainly wider tires have a lower rolling resistance when we get on to rough gravel. I've even gone as far as to test 2.2 mountain bike tires versus gravel tires on gravel and there doesn't seem to be any discernible difference and if anything, the mountain bike tires roll a little bit faster. So why aren't we seeing gravel pros running these massive 50 millimeter or wider tires when they race? Well, first, I'd like to reiterate a point that I've made many times on this channel. Just because someone fast does something one way does not mean that that is the fastest way to do it. A perfect example of this is how pro road racers and all roadies for that matter were on 23 millimeter tires pumped up to 120 psi 15 years ago and now they're on 25 millimeter to 28 millimeter tires pumped up to 70 psi. Whenever a pro wins a bike race on a certain bike setup, people resort to, well, clearly it works for them and I guess that's true in the sense that they were able to cross the finish line first on the bike that they were riding but that doesn't mean that it was the fastest bike. 15 years ago, Rockhard skinny tires didn't work for the pros. They just simply went slower and now they know better and they go faster as a result. Sure, but my uncle's best friend has a sister whose dog chased after this really fast pro roadie who read on a fortune cookie that 23s pumped up to 120 psi are actually the fastest. So there you go, man.  There is actually a good reason that actually has to do with performance for not going overboard with the tire with even on gravel and that is aerodynamics. Wider tires are without a doubt less aerodynamic and this is both because wider tires take up a greater area and because they make aerodynamic shaped rims less effective. In fact, there's a point at which a tire gets wide enough that the aerodynamic profile of a rim has almost no benefit. Many gravel tires approach this point, but it's hard to say exactly where this point is because it really depends on your tire and rim combination. So it's hard to make a blanket statement like at this certain tire with your rim aerodynamics no longer matters. What this means for tire selection is that choosing the fastest tire is a balancing act between aerodynamics and rolling resistance.  For example, on a rougher course, the improved rolling resistance that you get from a wider tire may outweigh the aerodynamic benefits that you get from a narrower tire, both because the speeds are lower and because a wider tire rolls faster over that rougher terrain. On smoother gravel, the speeds get a bit higher and you don't need as wide a tire so you can get away with the narrower, more aerodynamic option. So what tire do I personally choose to run? Well, most of the time I'm on the 42 millimeter specialized Pathfinder Pro. I've just found that this tire is a good mix of fast rolling, good puncture protection aerodynamics and from a handling perspective, 42 millimeters is a pretty good size for most gravel courses. That being said, depending on the course, I will sometimes play around with other options and I've gone as wide as 45 millimeters on the Ostro gravel and there is room to spare even with the relatively wide 25 millimeter internal rim width on the Black Ink 34 hookless rims. Now let's talk about one of the most exciting features of this bike or at least the feature that I'm the most excited about and that is the handlebars which have the option of running integrated aero bars. I know, I know we're getting into some controversial territory here talking about aero bars on a gravel bike video but in my honest opinion, I think that these aero bar haters are falling victim to a fairly common condition known as conformity. The reason I say this is because the decision to use aero bars at a race like Unbound for example where they're both legal to use and a massive advantage is so obvious that an 8 year old could make the right choice and yet we have gravel pros pontificating about the spirit of gravel being broken and trying to peer pressure riders into taking them off their bike. I won't be peer pressured though. If they're an advantage and they're not against the rules, they're on my bike. It's as simple as that. Hey, looks like you actually watched my spirit of gravel video.  Nice work. That being said, please don't be one of these people who throws TT bars on your bike the day before the race.  Not to mention, you're not even going to be able to utilize them to their full potential. If you're going to use TT bars in a gravel race, then be sure to train and practice with them first. Factor was willing to listen to the ramblings of me and other gravel racers who wanted a clean aero bar solution for these races like Unbound and in my opinion came up with the best aero bar setup for a gravel bike that's currently available on the market. The integrated bar stem combo from Blackank, which is already an aerodynamic profile instead of a round bar that you see on so many gravel bikes, has two bolt holes in the top of the bar to mount the same aero extensions that Factor uses on their Hanzo TT bike. The extensions have plenty of adjustability so that you can dial in your position and are easily removable for when you pop into a gravel race that either doesn't allow aero bars or where aero bars may not be an advantage. Also, the brake hoses and DI2 cables are fully internally routed through the bar and frame. I know that bike mechanics watching this are probably shaking their head right now, but there is a reason beyond aesthetics to internally route everything. And yes, that reason is aerodynamics.  Hidden cables have obviously caught on in the aero road bike market but are far less common in gravel bikes right now, but I bet that will change in the near future as aerodynamics becomes more and more of a priority for performance gravel bikes. And the aero details of this bike don't stop at the handlebar. You can find aero optimized shapes on the fork, head tube, seat post, seat tube, and down tube as well. I'd also like to get into the drivetrain of this bike because there's some things that I've done to optimize efficiency. I don't have a partnership with either SRAM or Shimano, which means that I could run either. The reason I've gone for Shimano GRX is because the Shimano Dura-Ace chain has been shown to be the most efficient chain on the market in independent testing, saving a couple of watts over a SRAM chain. I also opt for two front chain rings instead of a 1x for that same reason. Because with a 1x drivetrain you have to cross chain more and because the chain ring is smaller, meaning the chain has to articulate more, a 1x drivetrain is generally less efficient. On top of this, a 2x keeps the jump between gears smaller and you can get a very wide range without having to run a massive mountain bike cassette. I also run larger chain rings than you might typically see on a gravel bike with a 52 big and 36 small ring. This isn't necessarily because I need the 5211, but more so because larger chain rings, as I just said, are more efficient that they allow you to ride more in the middle of the cassette and use those larger cogs, which again are more efficient than the smaller cogs. In the back I've got an 11-34 tooth cassette and ceramic speed oversized pulley wheels to further improve efficiency. And on race day I will generally hot melt wax my chain and hopefully you're noticing a pattern at this point. This is to further improve efficiency of the drivetrain as well. All these little drivetrain changes are all very marginal gains by themselves. But when you add them all up and compare them to a setup that makes all the wrong choices, you could be looking at 10-15 watts of savings. And no, that's not me trying to sell you something, that's what independent testing shows. The bike as built up here comes in right at 19 pounds or 8.5 kilos, which is pretty lightweight for a gravel bike and I'm certainly happy about that. But weight is actually probably my last concern when it comes to these marginal gains and that's because of the marginal gains that you could potentially make, weight is probably the most marginal. That's right, if you were to rank aerodynamics, tire rolling resistance, drivetrain efficiency and weight in terms of how much time you could save by optimizing for each, weight would actually rank last for the vast majority of courses unless we're talking about a race with some serious climbing. Yeah, but what about impressing your riding buddies when we're all standing around in the parking lot after a ride and picking up each other's bikes for some reason? If all this mumbo jumbo about aero and efficiency seems like I'm overthinking it and I should just chill bro and ride my bike or whatever, I'd like to take you back to this year's Unbound 200 where I broke 10 hours by less than 2 minutes, a feat that up until this year had only been done once. If just one of these optimized features had been changed out for something less optimal, then over the course of a 200 mile race that could have easily been the difference that put me over 10 hours. If we switch out all of these optimized features for something less optimal, then we're probably looking at 20 to 30 minutes slower and many lost places. Well, you could have just pedaled harder. Gravel is for everyone and obviously not everyone cares about how fast they go. And if that's you, then honestly, I'm surprised that you made it this far into the video. But if you do care about performance on your gravel bike, then you need to be thinking about aerodynamics and how to optimize your bike to be more aero. Thanks for watching. If you like the work I do and you want to help support the channel, then consider supporting me on Patreon and getting access to weekly members only Q&As. If you want to step up your training, then check the links below for information on coaching and training plans as well. And finally, if you enjoyed this video, be sure to give it a like, subscribe and share this video with your cycling friends. I'll see you in the next one.


Hi everyone, my name is Aiden Johnston and I'm a Digital Learning Systems Developer at Glasgow Caledonian University. I'd like to talk to you about putting the access into accessible teaching materials at Glasgow Caledonian University. Like all institutions in reaction to the Covid pandemic, we pivoted to online learning literally overnight and VLE became the main tool to deliver the bulk of the learning teaching along with webinar tools to replicate seminars and lectures. And obviously along with that came the use of screencast for delivering many PowerPoint tutorials. So video became a real preferred direct replacement for these timetabled lectures and tutorials as well. Many of the tools that we utilise partially met accessibility legislation. At GCU we use Blackboard Collaborate Ultra as it's integrated with our VLE. But it's not being without issue as it does not provide automated captioning during or after a webinar has taken place. So that was the first of our challenges and the second emerging issue we uncovered was the issue of the general accessibility of all the learning materials that were now beginning to be deposited in our VLE. So at GCU we've been reviewing accessibility long before Covid began. We've been scanning the horizon for software solutions and tools that would be a good fit to complement our existing learning and teaching systems. But not only that, tools that are insured that are easy to use and which also bring additional benefits to our students and staff users. And we needed to give careful consideration that these tools would also fit into existing academic workflows in terms of content creation and delivery. But more importantly that these tools would actually integrate with our existing tool sets that we have. So two tools were identified and rolled out and promoted to staff to support them in the provision of accessible teaching materials. They are Blackboard Ally and Plan E-Stream along with Microsoft Azure Automated Speech to Text Capsule Service. So we look at the first one which is Blackboard Ally and we were ahead of the curve in some respects because we rolled out Ally just before the pandemic began. And Blackboard Ally is an accessibility toolkit that's deeply integrated with our VLE GCU Learn which utilizes Blackboard Ultra. And Ally is extremely valuable in helping our staff to meet the challenges around accessibility in three key ways. The first way is it automatically checks anything that has been uploaded to the VLE and in terms of it meeting the WCAG 2.1 accessibility standards. It then scans and assesses and gauges accessibility of those uploaded resources and delivers useful guidance to assist academic staff and instructors to improve the accessibility of their content. But thirdly and most importantly it also provides students with a vast range of accessible alternative formats to the original files that have been provided by the instructor. So going back to how it gauges accessibility, it does that in using a scale which is shown at the bottom of the screen starting from red and low, medium and amber. And then line green for high and then dark green for perfect 100% in terms of meeting accessibility. So what I'm going to do is guide you through now here how it actually works within our VLE. So here are some materials that have been uploaded to sample module. And we can see the score has been provided and the staff only see this gauge, the Ally gauge. And that is prompting them or giving them a call to action that they need to do something to improve. And in this case we have a PowerPoint that has only been scored at 52%. And it's telling us on the right hand side what this means and why it's been given a score, an amber score. But it's also helpfully guiding the academic to making changes to improve that score and make it more accessible. So they can simply go and make the adjustments based upon the advice given and then re-upload it. And in this case the second example we can see here is a journal article which has a score of 99% as a PDF file. And in this case the colour contrast is not as good as it could be but 99% is quite high. But essentially it's educating the instructor on what this means and they can make a judgement call there and then if they wish to make adjustments to that. But as it's in green no action is required. And the next example is an image that's been uploaded without an alt tag or image description. So it's got a score of 8%. And it does explain to the academic why the score is low again, what image descriptions are and why they actually matter and how they help a user who has a visual impairment. And it also then guides them how to write a good description. So it's been helpful. It's actually given meaningful examples that illustrate how to remedy the problem. And in this case you can then go back into Ally and actually write an image description and add that immediately without having to actually go back into the module itself. You update it in real time and then reanalyzes that and the score goes up to 83%. So it's automatically helping the instructors to make changes on the fly. Now that's the benefits to the academic staff. But what benefits does it have for students? So we can see the alternative formats icon and this allows students to download any of the resources presented in the module into these different formats making it very convenient indeed for students to access their learning materials in alternative accessible formats that are of their own choosing. And in this case type PDF, HTML, EPUB, electronic braille or audio. And it really comes down to what students actually prefer. So it benefits our staff and their student users. So one year on from the rollout of Ally at GCU we've undertaken some analysis of this and we've discovered that obviously there has been a massive increase in the amount of content deposited in our VLE which is not a surprise. But there's also been an increase in overall accessibility of new and existing content which is really encouraging and we are putting that down to the fact that we have made Ally available to staff so that they are actively looking at the feedback they've been given when they upload resources by Ally and acting upon that advice and making those changes. So we also covered the type of formats that are most common to the VLE and not surprising like their PDFs, documents or PowerPoint presentations. But this is important for us as it helps provide clear areas for focus in relation to CPD for our academic staff in the area of digital accessibility going forward. So it's actually helped us at GCU and informed our CPD planning for the future. And of the modules that we looked at in March the Ally score the lowest was 67.1 and the highest was 97% which positively rates them as green or dark green on accessibility rating which is very encouraging. But there's more work to be done there. So that's the first tool looking at how we help staff with learning resources. The second data I mentioned is that of video and captioning and automated captioning. As I said there's more and more tutorials and lectures moved online last year. At GCU we started working with Blubber Collaborate because we had it available but last year we moved to using Microsoft Teams as an alternative webinar platform. But we had to make sure that the university was compliant with accessibility legislation which is shown on the table on screen. And in this case these artefacts are considered recorded video with audio and to meet the legislation they need to have captions of what's actually being said. And in this case we did not actually have anything available. And we had to then start looking and find a solution that was going to be not only scalable but also easy to use for academic staff that fits with existing workflows. So I'm pleased to say that when you're on now we do have a recommended cost effective solution for providing captions and transcripts if they're required. But it's also now a requirement for all staff to provide these in line with the guidance shown on the table in the previous slide. And at GCU we have PlanetEstream which is a multimedia streaming media server we introduced last year. And it has the ability to integrate with various third party automated captioning services. And one of those is Microsoft Azure's speech to text service. And that is the one that we actually looked at going forward because it was easy to integrate because we were a Microsoft institution. But it also is extremely cost effective as a solution going forward for the automated captioning process of a lot of video and audio items that we did anticipate. So the next step was to run a pile of staff using the GCU integration. We did this in January to April early this year. And we identified as shown on screen the first and foremost it generates speech to text transcriptions and subtitles for recorded items. But it also gives users the ability to easily edit those captions all within a web based environment and all requiring no real training or skill for doing that. And that was very beneficial because it's an integrated part of the stream. It also generated SRT caption files which can be used with third party systems such as my Google's YouTube and other multimedia platforms. So it is using standards based technology. As I said, generally quick and straightforward to use for all our staff members. But most importantly it integrates with our existing Microsoft Azure architecture. And cost effectively it's providing one hour's worth of audio to text for 75 pence per hour which is extremely, extremely cost effective. So in terms of the workflow, as I said, that's an important part of procuring and identifying a solution going forward. And I'm pleased to say that because Planet E-Stream easily integrates with our BLE, this workflow for automated transcriptioning of audio and video materials that integrates with the BLE was enabled very easily. And the Planet E-Stream web based subtitle editor, as I said, offered a quick and easy way to check in my transcription files for enhanced accuracy. And the workflow shown on screen is quite simple. There's not that many clicks for staff to actually get their audio and video materials, their lectures, their tutorials, whatever it may be, videos into the Planet E-Stream system but also then straight into the BLE and hopefully in a quick and efficient manner that saves them time. So what we're going to show you on screen very quickly is our BLE and again this is how we add resources, video and audio resources that need to be transcribed. We simply build the content from the menu items normal, we upload it. We're then taken via special GCB button in the BLE straight into the subtitle area where they can submit it to the Microsoft Azure Q quickly and easily. Once it's returned, they simply click on the subtitle editor. It's all loaded in the same web screen and from here staff can then review the learning material that's being transcribed and they can go through it and they can see very clearly on the right hand side the subtitles, they can adjust them, they can adjust the colour, the font size, they're in complete control of all of the subtitles that they then want to present back to the students when they access that learning material through the BLE. So the pilot uncovered a lot of interesting feedback which has helped us going forward. The first being the processing speed of the video and audio that's been captioned and we've been working with the product vendor to bring that queuing time down even further and we'll continue to work with them to make that as quick and streamlined as possible. We've also looked at accuracy and again because Microsoft Azure is a cloud based AI engine it's getting better all the time. Microsoft use it across a variety of their services. Cortana and Microsoft Teams is one example and the more users it has the more accurate it is becoming. So when people ask how accurate is it, we say it's hard to pinpoint due to factors such as accents and dialect, the audio quality, multiple speakers. But what we are uncovering through feedback is the quality and the accuracy and the quality is becoming more and more accurate as time goes on. In terms of the ability to create transcripts, Plan eStream also has the ability using the SRT file for staff to take that resource, that transcript resource and turn it into a transcript as well. And the last piece of feedback we've received is the actual uploading of these video and audio resources and this is something that we're actually unable to do anything about as people are working at home because we all live varying broadband speeds but as time goes on and we do return to campus we've assured staff that this will be much quicker when we do return to using the universities and very fast Ethernet network. So in terms of post pilot rollout and obviously CPD training for staff on all these resources they fall under the umbrella of GC Go Digital which was launched last summer to help staff to prepare for academic year 2021 which was predominantly online. So we have a SharePoint site which hosts all of the recordings of the webinars we run on all these tools. We do have video Camtasia creative resources which go through exactly how to use these new tools and resources but we also have a pilot as well which we use comprehensively and we do introduce to our staff users at these webinars and training events and we do encourage staff to ask the questions but this also then becomes a very comprehensive resource bank and a very useful FAQ as well. So in summary both these tools are definitely helping to improve learning experience for all students and not just those with additional accessibility requirements. The tools also go a long way to helping our staff not only the legislative requirements but also understand why digital materials need to be accessible in order to provide inclusive learning experience for all of our learners. As I said GCU is now able to provide staff with a captioning solution to show that video content is accessible to all our learners and staff are now expected to have learned how to use Planet E-Stream for captioned recorded videos by the end of trimester B in the current academic year. And we've also created and updated our policy and guidance on accessibility compliance so the staff are fully aware of all of the expectations as we go into the new academic year. Thank you.


So my beautiful people I am back with another outriders video and today guys. I want to bring you a little bit of information Basically to help you guys out more so for those solo players on the quickest way of Leveling up that apocalypse tier that sentional level because at the end of the day guys That's what this game is all about now. You may as well get to that top tier level before you start really in reality Grinding for all the weapons or the new armors otherwise you're gonna spend a share the materials Trying to level each piece up So what I'm doing is I want to get to top level unless I find that perfect gear item Then I will store it in my vault, but mainly until I get to top level While I'm doing is I'm just I'm just farming. I'm just just grinding I'm just waiting because at the end of the day that top level is where the good stuff starts So what is the quick way and getting there now? We know we have the apocalypse tears and we have the ascension levels and there's a lot guys and there's a lot of The last sentient Things you can use points. I think there's like 200 in total you can get I'm only at a level 28 which is crazy, but I haven't played that much I'm not gonna lie even though I had early access a kind of held off in playing it until basically The pre-order early access that's one actually started and I've probably put in about Five hours make probably not even that guys probably not even that my packs is done completely It's all about the ascension. It's all about the apocalypse because Like I said, you want to get up to a tier 24 It's just it just it's just the way forward because at the end of the day Like I said all that top gear that top level gear starts dropping in and around this level So the cookie can get here the better. So what is the quickest way? Now my opinion? I've played a ton of I've done a lot of the new end game the the new trials But it just takes an absolute Shed of time in getting through all these if you want to do it can go through to all these These trolls these are the individual activities you do get a Bit of XP for each one, but at the end of the day guys when you've gone through all these and got to the last boss and fought the last boss You ain't getting that much XP in my opinion anyway, you ain't getting that much Ascension level XP that apocalypse tier XP. I mean you get a good chunk But don't get it twisted But it isn't the quickest way in my opinion the quickest way and especially if you're a solo player But if you have got a team that can go through things quickly is 100% expeditions expeditions There's playing them on level so what playing them on your tier, whatever you've got the latest one or not It's just way way way quicker and I can solo basically any of these super super quickly super super easily Yes, it's all build dependent But if you are in a team, I mean in my opinion Expeditions are definitely guys. They are definitely the way for actually backed out of an expedition just to record this video That's actually doing good. I've probably got just junk. Yeah, typical typical typical But yeah, so expeditions in my opinion are by far the quickest way. I've tried all the old tricks I've tried a few story missions. I've tried this at the other cross the water just want whatever it is I've tried a lot of that none of them seem to drop a decent XP Definitely the longer ones as well guys keep that in mind the longer expeditions the ones with more enemies in Seem to be much much quicker, especially the ones with the more enemies in it makes sense more enemies more XP But hey, like I said if you're in a team and you can lay down that damage The ones with more enemies you just take out much much easier and a ton of XP and you'll fly up those those tears now I'm probably say it probably takes ten Expeditions up to ten to get a tier off especially where I'm at now Actually, you know what 10 is probably a stretch. I'd probably say Between five and ten depending on the world. I'm just picking any Boom tan can plant the shorter ones obviously drop less or XP. That's in my my stance I know that's what I've kind of come across but some of them just give you a a turn That's the one I was doing just Stargrave is quite decent But yeah, the ones that take longer and much much better You think I had a storm as well gives you a turn it really don't it really don't mean my my powers We storm through this we got a bit of XP. I'd probably say about half an inch on the bar But nothing too crazy, but still expeditions in my opinion are definitely back in the new trials new trials are good for apocalypse gear But you get plenty of apocalypse here from expeditions too. I mean most of my good stuff has come from Expeditions to be honest to be honest. I'm still working on my tickle tickle build But yeah, it's going good. It's going good quite enjoying it not gonna lie But you guys just want to drop a video For people out there especially solo players Because expeditions are the way forward in my opinion until you get to that end end game Hey is what is guys if you enjoyed the video leaving like really helps out if you like what you see What I write is be sure to subscribe and hopefully maybe you if I people I'll see you on that next one


The Nidra Medical Station Legos State Chapter celebrated its achievement to the society and to remember their falling iris who died in the course of civilian lives. This came up on the sidelines of its opening ceremony, a scientific conference themed, the ethical issues in human organ donation, as corresponded Paul George reports. The health sector in Nigeria has had its fair share of its challenges and this gathering is aimed at charting the path forward. The chairman, NMA Legos, Dr. Benjamin Olou Jebutu praised his colleagues, saying despite the poor funding they are still holding forth. However, Dr. Olou Jebutu said the NMA would be at the forefront of the fight against corrupt practitioners involved in forcing people to donate their organs. Most times people that are given positions, most times don't have the technicalities on how to do it, but I celebrate the works we have done in Legos State thus far. We have put the right pegs right to hold. Money mustn't drive what you do as a doctor, there are standard protocols and I believe going for NMA will be very, very strong about it. The protocols must be followed in things about organ transplantation and going forward. While emphasizing that the government should implement the Abuja Declaration, Dr. Olou Jebutu says doctors should not put money first. Similarly, a member of the governor's advisory council and former chairman, NMA, Dr. Olou Yomifini, absolved the doctors seeking greener pastures abroad of all the blame as it charged the government to help by ensuring better welfare. The government should have political will to transform the healthcare and make sure that the Abuja Declaration happens, increase budget allocation to healthcare to 15% minimum for doctors to think about insurance so that they can step back in the country. The love of the country will come from government showing off and give them insurance for their families and their loved ones even when they are dead. Brain drain, you know basically it is because the doctors and other people, other professionals that leave this country to go overseas is because they want to improve their general welfare. The government must make very serious effort to improve the budget of the health services. The national president, medical women association of Nigeria, Professor Rosemary Ogul, represented by the legal states president, Dr. Ibirun Keshoudendi also joined in commanding the contribution of the NMA. She heaped praises on Dr. Stella Adedavo who nipped the spread of Ebola disease in the blood. We recognize the enormous contributions of the Nigerian medical association in the security of the healthcare delivery system. Our thoughts and prayers go to the families of the late Dr. Amin Ustela Adedavo who we all know prevented the Nigeria index case of Ebola virus from leaving the hospital. Past president of NMA and special advisor to understated government on health, Professor Francis Faduile advised members to get into politics in order to be part of policymakers in the country. Well, the important thing now is that you need to get things by being friends. We are now talking about passing following due process. We are talking about interaction how you can convince people to your part. We cannot continue to stay in a different consulting room and think that people will make that right decision. Some of us should endeavor to go into politics so that we can interact actively, let them know the correct position of things so that when they want to make the decision, the decisions can be for the benefits of everybody. In all, the doctors say they will continue to do their best despite the challenges faced. Paul George plus TV News. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Alhamdulillah, Alhamdulillah Alhamdulillah we've reached Eid and we've finished Ramadan and we know that it's a little hot today and we know that our nafs needs to sit through this, this hotness for a few seconds inshaAllah for a few minutes and it's appropriate, this hotness might be appropriate at the end of Ramadan because Ramadan comes from a word which means to scorch which means to burn and Allah burns off your sins during this month this month that we just finished Alhamdulillah and this month that we just finished is like a as what one of our teachers described it as a madrasa where you learned to be with the Quran, to be with Allah to have taqwa of Allah, to have consciousness of Allah this is the month that we just finished Alhamdulillah the month of consciousness of Allah and Allah says about this month in the Quran that He wants from you what? He wants Yusuf, He wants Eid for us in this month and we're thinking Eid for us in this month when we can't eat from before sunrise until sunset how is that Eid? Wala Yurid ibn Mu'usul he does want difficulty for us how is that Eid? what Eid we recognize and realize from this month is the Eid of how easy it is how easy is this to abstain from even the halal even from the halal that we have to stay away from food we have to stay away from any sort of pleasures during this month many different acts of pleasures during this month the Halal pleasure is in this month so Allah shows us how easy it is to avoid those pleasures then what about the pleasure what about the Haram when the rest of the month passes when this month passes and the next month comes what about the haram how easy is this to avoid that how easy is it to avoid that that Allah is teaching us through this month, the ease of avoiding the haram, and the ease of holding our nafs back, holding our ego back, holding our wings back, holding our hawaa back from our desires. This is what Allah teaches us in this month, that the Sahib al-Burgh that Imam al-Busili says about the nafs, wa an nafs wu qattifli in tahmiruhun shabba'ala khubbi al-rida'i wa an tahmiruhu wa an taftin hu yansatini, that the nafs, that the ego is like a child, the ego is like a child. And if you let it, if you let it, if you wean it off, then if you let it suckle on the milk, pass its due date, then it'll go to love that, pass its time, but after it's appropriate.  You can train your nafs, you can train your nafs to have taqwa of Allah. You can train your nafs to submit to Allah, to be a Muslim, to submit to Allah, not to submit to your nafs, not to make the religion of Allah submit to yourself, to submit to Allah. You can, and Allah shows us in this month, that by standing the nights in prayer, and by spending the days in a little bit of hunger, with a little bit of thirst, that this is what Allah teaches us during this month. And then when this month is over, then what does Allah say? When you take abl Allah, ala ma hadaakum, ala allakum, tashurun, so that you may, that you may glorify Allah, exalt Allah. And what do we say when the, when the, when the, when the Eid comes? What we doing right before the Eid prayer? Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar. La ilaha illa Allah wa Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar wa lillahi alhamd. That Allah is the greatest, Allah is the greatest, Allah is the greatest. And there is no deity other than Allah, and to Him is all praise, to Kabir Allah, so that we may, we may glorify Allah, wa la allakum tashurun, and so you might have thankfulness for this opportunity that has come to us. The opportunity for us to, to see what are, what are, what are, what we're capable of, of the opportunity to hold our nafs back, the opportunity to worship Allah, the opportunity to worship Allah with the people around us, to have our hearts together in the tarawih prayers that we pray, and to have our hearts together at the iftars, at the shahrud, and to have our hearts together at the Eid prayer. This is what Allah wants to teach us. Allah wants to teach us gratefulness. Allah wants to teach us taqwa. This is what is expected of us, expected of us. And Allah wants us to build these good habits. That if you've built a good habit, takes about 40 days to build a good habit. Alhamdulillah, we've just had 30 days of Ramadan. So you only have 10 more days to go. Whatever good habits that you built in this month, keep going for 10 more days. That there's six fasts of shawwad that come after Ramadan. The Prophet ﷺ said, whoever fasts for six months of shawwad, it's as if he has fasted the entire year. So fast six more days, insha'Allah. You don't have to do it all during shawwad. Just do it before, you don't, just do it before the next shawwad. Fast six more days. Build these habits. Continue to read Qur'an. Continue to, if you prayed 20 rakat in tarawih, try praying two extra nefim after Asha. Keep these good habits going. And don't allow yourself to fall back into post-umadhan laxity. The sharia still applies. You know, a lot of times we eat, we think the sharia doesn't apply. So perhaps we wouldn't pray fajr today. Perhaps there's people who are not going to miss some prayers today because of the festivities. This is still the deen of Allah. We still submit to Allah. And Allah does not submit to us. I say this in the Qur'an. And I say this in the Qur'an. He is the Forgiver. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Peace be upon you.  I am Ashraf Al-Anbiya and I am Muhammed Al-A'li. I am his friend. After the Ayat of Ramadan, Allah says, If my servant asks me, I am close. If my servant asks me, I am close. Then indeed, I am close. And we should have learned to ask from Allah in this month. We should have learned to ask from Allah in this month to make du'a to Allah. To have to waqr in Allah.  And he said, when you look outside and you see the pollution, before you say, I wish someone could do something about this pollution, say, I wish, I pray that Allah does something about this pollution through someone. Let's recognize that Allah is the one that is the fa'a, the active agent. And we're just the means to have trust in Allah. To have trust in Allah. We should have learned trust in this month. And then when this month is over, then we continue our taqwa. We continue our shukr. We continue to exalt Allah. And we continue to rely on Allah. And to continue to ask from Allah that the Ramadan is not the only time in the year that we ask. We ask in every moment of our lives. We ask in every moment of our lives. And this month of Ramadan is taqwa, God consciousness. So that we see Allah in every step that we take. But before we take a step, we ask, what is Allah's ruling on this thing? This is what we should have learned in this month. Before we do anything, we have Allah in our hearts first. La ilaha illa huudah. There's nothing in our hearts except Allah. But whatever is in your heart, is your eelah. Whatever you keep in your heart is your eelah.  And we asked Allah for reference in taking anything other than him as our eelah. And we ask Allah that he makes us the people who have taqwa. We ask that he makes us people who have shukr. We ask Allah that we are able to finish this day. La ilaha illa Allah. La ilaha illa Allah. We ask Allah, if there is nothing in our hearts except Him. We ask Allah, if there is no source of peace for us other than Him. For that we say, We ask Allah, we have appreciation for our teachers and our first teachers, our parents. We ask Allah for their mercy. We ask Allah, we recognize that Allah and His angels send their salutations and the blessings on the process on them. And we ask Him the same. We ask Allah, if there is no source of peace for us other than Him. We ask Allah, if there is no source of peace for us other than Him.


My name is Christy Burriette. My name is Teron Yang. I'm Christy's graduate student in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. We're delighted that our article has been chosen to be featured in an upcoming issue of protein science. The title is, Membrane Protein Stability can be compromised by detergent interactions with the extra membranous soluble domains. We'll be joined by our co-office at Columbia, and together we'll describe some key points of our paper. My name is John Hunt. My name is Qi Wang. I'm currently a postdoc in John's lab in the Department of Biological Sciences at Columbia University. The current study grew out of efforts of less than more than a decade to express and characterize nucleotide-bite Nb1, or Nb1, which is an extra-membrane soluble domain for the cystic ribosus prance membrane conductance regulator. Nb1 is the site of the famous Delta F508 mutation, the most frequent mutation that causes the legal genetic disease cystic ribosus. The U.S. Cystic Ribosus Foundation sponsored a long-term project to purify Nb1 in functional form. It's turned out to be a heroic, biochemical, and biophysicist struggle. Eventually, in the two previously published papers cited by Christie, we demonstrated that the major obstacle to purification of Nb1 is its limited thermodynamic stability. These papers also show that the Delta F508 mutation lowers the stability of Nb1 further, and that this reduction is a major contributor to pathology caused by mutation. John and I thought studies on soluble Nb1 might help the consortium understand why some detergent extracted CFTR wasn't functional. These studies expand on our earlier NbD1 work, which was published in back-to-back papers in Protein Science in 2010. Here we studied 20 detergents, and to our surprise, some detergents that are generally considered to be mild actually denature NbD1. And furthermore, the relative harshness of the detergent mirrors the scale widely accepted for the interaction of detergents with the transmembrane domains, namely anionic and charged detergents are harsher than zwitterionic, which are harsher than nonionic. We conducted differential scanning calorimetry experiments on NbD1 in the presence of various detergents. The DSC measures the heat uptake of a protein sample during controlled heating. Here is an example of the DSC curves of NbD1 in the presence of increasing concentration of phospholene-14, a zwitterionic detergent. The midpoint of each endothermic peak Tmax represents the temperature at which 50% of the protein is unfolded and is widely used as a measure of the protein's thermostability. There is a gradual decrease in Tmax as the detergent concentration increases. At the highest detergent concentration, there is no more heat detected, indicating the protein is denatured by this detergent. To correlate the observed decrease in thermostability by DSC with possible structural change in the protein, John and Qi conducted circular dichroism experiments. Fire-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy, or CD, is an effective tool to monitor changes in protein secondary structure, and we use it to characterize such changes in NbD1 during thermal denaturation in the presence of detergents. To our surprise, several generally non-denaturing detergents induced a hypothetical non-native confirmation in NbD1 at temperatures where the domain is otherwise properly folded and stable as shown in the CD-titration data presented in the slide. Induction of this non-native structure coincided with the loss of the endothermic unfolding transition in NbD1 in the DSC experiment conducted by Wendy and Christie. These observations indicate that generally non-denaturing detergents can destabilize extracellular membrane soluble domains. This effect could represent a hidden obstacle to purification of internal membrane proteins in high yield for biochemical and structural studies.