Embedded Questions This video is brought to you by the following English learning websites. Do you know how to put a question inside another question or statement? This is called embedding. We call this process embedded questions. That is what this video is about. We have a main question or statement and then we put another question inside of it. That question is called the embedded question. Let's see how it works. There are eight main things we will consider here. Number one, regular questions. Two, direct quotes. Three, embedded questions. Four, indirect quotes or reported speech. Five, reduced phrasing. Six, true versus false questions. Seven, other phrases. Eight, putting it all together. Number one, regular questions in English. To make a question we usually switch positions of the subject and first verb. For example, he is a doctor. To make a question we say, is he a doctor? She is working in California. To make a question we say, is she working in California? Note that it's only the subject and the first verb that change positions. The second verb remains in the same place. Sometimes we add a WH word to the beginning of the question. For example, what is his job? Where is she working? Note that the question word order does not change when a WH word is added. Two, direct quotes. The easiest way to insert a question into another sentence is to use direct quotes. For example, he asked me, what time is it? We are merely putting another person's exact words within quotation marks. What time is it? Is there a question? He asked me, what time is it? We're using his exact words. We don't have to change the word order or anything within the quotation marks. Punctuation and direct quotes. Generally with direct quotes we put the exact words including punctuation and capitalization within quotation marks. For example, Nigel asked, where are you going? Where am I going? Responded Jelena to the theater. You will often see a comma after the introductory phrase. Josh calmly asked, where did you put the money? These are general rules for direct quotes and questions. Other rules may apply to different situations and types of sentences. Three, when we put one question into another question or statement without quotes we need to switch the subject and verb back to their original positions. For example, the question, what is his job is put into another question. Do you know? Do you know what is his job? No, that's incorrect. You have to say, do you know what his job is? Notice we're using the same sentence structure as in a statement. This job is management. Switch it back to the subject verb order. This process is called embedding. These are called embedded questions. For embedded questions we do not capitalize the question word. If the first verb in the question is a form of do, the do is omitted and the main verb goes back to its original form in the embedded question. For example, the question is, what does she know? We put that into another question. Can you tell me what does she know? No, that's incorrect. You need to say, can you tell me what she knows? She knows a lot. Keep the statement word order here. Next example, where did he go? That's the question. You put it into a statement, I don't know. Where did he go? That's incorrect. We have to say, I don't know where he went. Notice the past tense here. In the original question, the past tense is in the did. In the embedded question, the past tense is in the word went. He went to the hospital. To make things easier to understand, we'll call the main phrase the stem sentence or question and the inserted phrase the embedded question. For example, John told me, what should I do? John told me, is the stem sentence, what should I do, is the question. John told me, what I should do. John told me, stem, what I should do, embedded question. The stem sentence or question can control the tense of the embedded question. For example, I asked Kerry, who is that man? This is a direct quote, no change in grammar. I asked Kerry who that man was. Both the word order and tense change here. Let's look at this step by step. Start with the question, who is that man? Put it into a stem sentence, I asked Kerry, who is that man? That's incorrect. I asked Kerry who that man is. Not quite right. Next, I asked Kerry who that man was. This is correct. When I asked, it was in the past tense. The past tense in the stem sentence usually prevails over the embedded question. Other elements of the stem sentence can affect the embedded question as well. See the following examples. Jim asked me, what would you do? This is a direct quote, exactly what Jim said. Next, Jim asked me what I would do. This is an embedded question. I'm telling you what Jim asked me. Notice how the I here is referring to me, the speaker. This is also called an indirect quote. I'm not using Jim's exact words. I'm telling you what Jim asked me. Next, Jim asked me, what should I do? This is a direct quote. Jim is referring to himself in this case. Jim asked me what he should do. Now I'm telling you what Jim asked me. So the he is referring to Jim. This is an indirect quote or reported speech. I'm reporting to you what Jim asked me. Five, reducing embedded questions. Sometimes embedded questions can be reduced to an infinitive, two plus verb. For example, Jane asked me what she should buy. This is an embedded question. Jane asked me what to buy. This is reduced to three words. Don told me where I should go. This is an embedded question. John told me where to go. Reduced, true versus false questions. Some people get how do you and how to mixed up. How do you is a true question. For example, how do you fix a leaky faucet? I want to know, so I'm asking. How to fix a leaky faucet question mark is not a real question. It's bad grammar. This phrase is actually an answer, not a question at all. For example, this is how to fix a leaky faucet, period. You can expect instructions to follow on how to do it. It does not ask you, it tells you how to do it. For example, how to fix a leaky faucet, colon, not question mark. Step one, step two, step three. But some people write or say how to question mark. They are incorrect. Note, even native speakers can be wrong sometimes. Do not ask how to spell that. Ask a real question, how do you spell that? Some people may introduce a process by asking how to question mark. Maybe they don't know, or maybe they think it's cute. It's not, it's annoying, and it's incorrect. Seven, other types of phrasing. We sometimes use special grammar with yes-no questions. For example, will Liz come to the party? This is a yes-no question. The answer we expect is either yes or no. Let's look at how it works. For example, the question here is, will Liz come to the party? We want to put it inside a stem sentence, do you know? Do you know if Liz will come to the party or not? Because of the yes-no nature of this question we often use the word if. Sometimes we use whether. Do you know whether or not Liz will come to the party? Let's look at another example. We'll use the same embedded question, will Liz come to the party? Put it into a stem sentence. I wonder, I wonder if Liz will come to the party. This is a yes-no question inside of the statement. Maybe she will, maybe she won't. Eight, putting it all together. See how embedded questions work in various situations. First example, what time is it? This is a regular question. Can you tell me what time it is? This is an embedded question. He asked me what time it was. This is an indirect quote or reported speech. First example, how to play chess? This is incorrect, it's not a real question. How do you play chess? Correct, that's a true question. I asked Rob, how do you play chess? This is a direct quote, what I asked him. I asked Rob, how to play chess? This is a reduced embedded question and it's okay. This time, tell whether the following are correct or not. Please feel free to pause the video if you'd like more time for this. Here are the answers. Number one, I don't know where is Matt. Incorrect, the correct answer is, I don't know where Matt is. Two, how to make a paper airplane? Incorrect, the correct answer is, how do you make a paper airplane? Three, I wonder if he is here yet. Correct. Four, can you tell me where the bank is? Correct. Five, she asked me what should she wear. Incorrect, the correct answer is, she asked me what she should wear. Six, we asked Jay, when does the game start? Correct, this is a direct quote. Jill told me what the movie is about. Incorrect, the correct answer is, Jill told me what the movie was about. From Jill's perspective the movie was in the past tense. Eight, do you know why Lenny is late? Correct. Nine, I don't care where does he come from. Incorrect, the correct answer is, I don't care where he comes from. Ten, please ask Nancy when will she arrive. Incorrect, the correct answer is, please ask Nancy when she will arrive. Hope that was helpful. Remember to subscribe to our channel for more videos like these. And please leave us a thumbs up in the comments section below. Thanks for watching. If you have ideas for our next video, please let us know at the link below.


Start in a second.  I don't know why. It would not keep the setting. So every time you have to start a new event or whatever it's called, which is highly inconvenient. Why? It would not keep the setting. So every time you have IVJ, we'll be starting developing in a sec. Now streaming to three different places, just because we can. Do I need my CPU in performance mode? Maybe. That's one of my monitoring clear. Can that works? That's nice. Can you explain the code so far? So far. Yep. Just let it talk for a sec. Sure. Let's break down the key components of your game underscore logic. JS script. Canvas set up there. The script starts by setting up a canvas with predefined height and width. This canvas is where the game's graphics, waveforms, scores, etc. will be rendered. It defines several colors for use in the game and retrieves the 2D rendering context, CTX, of the canvas. Various variables are initialized, score, game speed, waveform type, current waveform, etc. These are used to track the state of the game. Waveform drawing function. Okay, clear. So I just hold the chats in different places to figure out how to monitor them all. There's nothing that will bring them all into one place, which is unfortunate. We have to deal with it. Okay, so we're going back to this ECG game. Sorry for the ad. I have to clean it if I post it and turn it into a video. I have to remember to get rid of the ad because I don't know if it's copyrighted material or whatever. So this game, I don't know if you tried it out. Please do try it out. Let me know what you think. Now we will. The good thing about synthetic, in this case ECG, is that we can try and make a bot that will play this game. And for that, we can use fuzzy logic or neural networks. So we can cover kill 2 birds in one stone. We'll start with fuzzy logic. With these waveforms, we'll be looking at the amplitude frequency, but mainly the number of peaks, top and bottom. So up, negative and positive peaks. In the data, there are no comments. It's a good morning. Yeah, good morning. We're like in late early evening. But obviously, it's morning somewhere else, which is great. Because we know there's another day coming here as well. So that's just silly jokes. Right. So we have obviously the code for this application. It's mainly in JavaScript. We couldn't find the good fuzzy logic library in JavaScript. So I'll have to keep using what that is. I have to keep using the Python one. So it's called. Yeah, I don't need it. Close that. It's called eski, because it's using sci, scikit. It's called SK fuzzy. That's the one we're using. And you can design your fuzzy logic algorithm for your fuzzy sets, fuzzy rules. And the fuzzy file, the fuzzy file, your signal, which is essentially means in machine learning language, that would mean a detection. So what's called labeling of the waveforms or whatever you're looking at. So I'll be doing, trying to be doing that quickly. So try running this code. So create a new folder which will be new. Does this code make any back end calls? Any over the code? Back end calls? No, it doesn't. No, the game on the score logic, JS script you provided does not make any back end calls. It's a front end JavaScript code designed to run in the browser. It handles canvas rendering, game logic, and user interactions entirely on the client side. Back end calls typically involve using Ajax, asynchronous JavaScript, and XML, fetch API. Can you fix the folders? Yep. I don't need to say yep. To assist you with organizing or fixing your folders, I would need more specific information about what you're trying to achieve. Are you looking to restructure your project directory, rename folders, organize your files in a certain way? Please provide more details about the folder structure you currently have and what changes or fixes you want to make. This will help me give you more targeted advice. That's okay. I wasn't talking to you. I was talking to GitHub co-pilot. Yep. That will really get confused. Got it. If you have any other questions or need assistance with something else, feel free to ask. I'm here to help. Are there any good fuzzy logic JavaScript libraries? Yep. Yes. There are several JavaScript libraries that can be used for implementing fuzzy logic. However, the availability and popularity of such libraries may vary, as fuzzy logic is a specialized area. Here are a few options you might consider. Fuzzy said, JS, this is a simple and easy to use library for fuzzy string matching. It's more focused on matching strings with varying degrees of similarity rather than full-scale fuzzy logic operations, but it can be useful in applications where fuzzy matching of text is required. Brain, JS, while primarily a neural network library, brain, JS can be adapted for some fuzzy logic applications, especially those involving pattern recognition and decision-making processes. J fuzzy logic, J fuzzy logic is actually a Java library, but it's one of the more comprehensive fuzzy logic libraries available. You can use it via JavaScript with the help of WebAssembly or similar tools that allow Java to be run in a web environment. Fuzzy logic, a simple NBM package that allows you to create a fuzzy logic system. It's more basic, but can be a good starting point for simple applications. JS Pilot, an interesting project that can be used to create a full application, including fuzzy logic. It's more of a full development environment, but includes capabilities for fuzzy logic. Remember, the choice of a library should depend on your specific requirements, like the complexity of the fuzzy logic you need to implement, performance considerations, and how well the library integrates with your existing code base. If none of these libraries need your needs, you might consider implementing your own fuzzy logic functions. Fuzzy logic algorithms can be written in pure JavaScript, though this requires a good understanding of the underlying principles of fuzzy logic. Yeah, how about brain JS, how easy it is, it's good that it has a neural network library, but how easy it is to create fuzzy logic, live it. Yep. Brain, JS is primarily a neural network library for JavaScript, and is known for being quite user-friendly, especially for those who are new to neural networks or machine learning in general. However, it's important to note that while neural networks and fuzzy logic both fall under the broad umbrella of artificial intelligence, they're fundamentally different in their approaches and applications. Ease of use, Ray. Brain, JS is designed to be straightforward and easy to use. It offers a high-level API for building and training neural networks, making it accessible even for beginners. Fuzzy logic deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. It's often used for handling uncertain or imprecise information and for decision-making processes in systems where a clear binary decision is not possible. Neural networks, on the other hand, are a form of machine learning that involves training algorithms on a set of data to make predictions or recognize patterns. They're typically used for tasks like classification, regression, and pattern recognition. While brain, JS doesn't provide direct support for fuzzy logic, you can approximate some aspects of fuzzy logic using neural networks. For example, you can train a neural network to mimic certain fuzzy logic operations or decision-making processes. This would involve preparing your data to represent the fuzzy logic rules and training the neural network to learn these patterns. However, this approach is more a workaround and won't provide the full range of capabilities or the interpretability of a true fuzzy logic system. Okay, okay. Brain, JS doesn't sound a good solution. We might use it later for doing the same detector in using neural networks, but currently we would like to design a fuzzy logic system that will play the cardio quest ECG waveform detection game using JavaScript would be great if not we could have a Python back-end and turn this into a flask application. Any thoughts? Yep, yep. Designing a fuzzy logic system for your ECG waveform detection game can be approached in two main ways, using JavaScript for a client-side implementation or integrating a Python back-end like a flask application for more complex computations. Here's an overview of both approaches. If there aren't any specific fuzzy logic libraries in JavaScript that suit your needs, you can implement the fuzzy logic system from scratch. This would involve defining fuzzy sets, membership functions and the rules for inference. You'd need to be mindful of performance implications, especially if the fuzzy logic computations are complex. Python has a more extensive range of libraries for fuzzy logic like scikit fuzzy. These libraries offer more functionality in a generally well documented and supported. Pythons libraries are more mature for this kind of computation, potentially saving you time and providing more robust functionality. Offloading the computation to the back-end can be beneficial from a performance standpoint, especially for complex calculations. This approach introduces more... Okay, you convinced me let's go with a back-end. So essentially we're making a flask application that will have the fuzzy logic detector running on the back-end. We would like to extract features from the waveform. We would like to extract three features, frequency, amplitude and the number of positive and negative peaks in the waveform. Creating a flask application with a back-end capable of extracting features from an ECG waveform is a great approach. Here's a high-level overview of how you can set this up, focusing on extracting frequency, amplitude and the number of positive and negative peaks. Flask application, set. Create a REST API endpoint in flask that accepts waveform data, possibly as a JSON payload, and returns the extracted features. Frequency analysis, use. Use fast Fourier transform, FFT, to analyze the frequency components of the waveform. Libraries like NumPy or PsyPy are excellent for this purpose. Extract the dominant frequency or a range of frequencies that are of interest. Amplitude analysis, determine the peak to peak amplitude of the waveform. This can be done by identifying the maximum and minimum points of the waveform and calculating the difference. Peaks detection, utilize signal processing tools from PsyPy or similar libraries to identify peaks. Count the number of positive and negative peaks. Positive peaks are usually the local maxima, while negative peaks are local minima. Data transmission, your front-end. Your front-end, JavaScript, will send the ECG waveform data to the flask back-end using Ajax, Fetch API, or similar methods. Once the flask back-end processes the data, it will send back the extracted features, frequency, amplitude, and peaks count, to front-end. The front-end can then display or use these results as needed. Testing. Initially, test your feature extraction algorithms with a known dataset to ensure accuracy. Scalability. Ensure your flask server can handle the expected load. If the processing is heavy, consider asynchronous processing or queuing mechanisms. Security. Implement necessary security measures for data transmission, especially if handling sensitive biomedical data. By following this structure, you can create a robust system that leverages the power of Python's data processing capabilities on the back-end, with a responsive and interactive front-end. Okay. Can you remind me this structure, a folder library, a folder structure for a flask application? Flask application. Certainly. Here's a typical folder structure for a flask application. This structure helps in organizing your code and resources in a manageable and scalable way. App. Main application directory. Asterisk. Static. Contains all static files like CSS, JavaScript. Okay. Can we do a simplified version of it? Yep. Absolutely. For a simplified flask application, especially for smaller projects or prototypes, you can use a more streamlined structure. Here's a basic layout. Static. This directory will hold all static files such as CSS. Okay. Do we really need the CSS and JS folders, separate folders? Can I just be within the static folder? Yep. Yes. You can definitely keep your CSS and JavaScript files directly in the static folder without creating separate subfolders for them. This approach simplifies the structure further, especially for smaller applications or when you have only a few static files. Here's how your modified structure would look in this setup. Static. Directly contains your CSS and JavaScript files. Backquote style. Style.css. Your CSS file. Templates. As before, this folder contains your HTML templates. Index. HTML. Main HTML file for your application. App.py. The main flask application file. Requirements.txt. Lists your Python dependencies. When using static files in your HTML. Okay. I want to try something out quickly, mainly because we tried using the workspace feature in GitHub Copilot that's supposed to answer questions about all the open files while in Visual Studio Code that are currently open. Okay. In theory, if you ask about the file structure, it's collecting workspace structure and deciding which workspace information to collect, collecting workspace info, and giving me an array buffer allocation failed era. And what I want to try is open a new window of Visual Studio Code. Just try it out. Open all the, so say this bot. Right. Now a workspace file structure, collecting workspace structure, collecting info. Right. And it's actually seem to work, which is good. So if it do workspace again, can we turn it into a flask application? Let's see if it's actually can do more general tasks. Yes, you can create it. Okay. You're not going to do it for me. Can you actually do this for me? I know it's collecting code. Right. This is interesting. So it's unable to make files and things. It's surely, again, workspace. Can you generate the terminal commands to change the file and folder? It keeps sending it too quickly. That's okay. So it's collecting code. Run it in to show forwards. Yes, static. Yep. Obviously that worked. I don't know why it couldn't just do it itself. A move. Okay. As we already have flask house. This generates, right. Right. So from terminal essentially can write code. Yeah, that can make sense. So there is a flask application there. Yeah. That's great. Okay, back to the fuzzy logic stuff. Which library are you recommending to use? So we can quickly use the fuzzy logic system to play the ECG detection abnormal ECG detection game. See what that one says. For implementing fuzzy logic in a Python based backend, like flask, I recommend using the psychic fuzzy library. It's a robust and easy to use library for fuzzy logic algorithms and is built on top of NumPy, scipy, the network X, which makes it quite powerful for scientific computations. Here's why psychic fuzzy is a good choice for your project. Comprehensive toolkit. It provides a wide range of tools for creating and manipulating fuzzy sets and systems, which is essential for any fuzzy logic based application. He's of use. Despite its comprehensive feature set, psychic fuzzy is user friendly, especially if you're already familiar with Python scientific stack. Well documented. The library is well documented, which is beneficial for quick learning and reference. Community and support build on widely used Python scientific libraries. It benefits from a strong community and support. Installation. You can easily install psychic fuzzy using pip bath copycode pip install psychic fuzzy. Integration with flask in your flask application, you'd use psychic fuzzy to analyze the ECG waveform data received from your front end and apply fuzzy logic rules to detect abnormalities. Feature extraction and analysis. For your specific requirement of analyzing frequency, amplitude and geeks, you'd integrate psychic fuzzy with other Python libraries like NumPy or scipy. NumPy can help with general numerical calculations, while scipy is great for signal processing tasks. Receiving data. The front end sends ECG waveform data to your flask back end. Processing data. Use scipy for initial processing, like FFT for frequency analysis, peak detection, et cetera. Fuzzy logic analysis. With the process data, utilize psychic fuzzy to apply fuzzy logic rules and determine the presence of abnormalities. Sending results back. The flask back end then sends the analysis results back to the front end for display or further action. Psychic fuzzy is ideal for a project like yours, where you need to make nuanced decisions based on imprecise or variable data, typically in ECG waveform analysis. It allows for the flexibility in depth required for such applications while being accessible and practical for rapid development. It would be interesting to see if GitHub co-pilot can do those things all at once. Let's just sit back, relax, we'll be coding for you. So I think I need to select the workspace. So obviously it's not only taking files that are currently open, but everything in the workspace. So that's okay. So let's see what it says. If we just pop all of it in. Sorry for that. Why does it say enable? It's actually started doing stuff. So currently we just have the game running. No, it's not running anymore. Of course not. We broke it. Well, one thing, it's now not going to be HTML anymore. I need to actually run the Python code for it to work. Well, it doesn't. Getting all these errors, fix the folders in HTML, do we? I think so. HTML. I don't know why it wasn't able to access the file. Is it still looking for it in the wrong place? How do we regenerate that response workspace? Check the file structure again, it changed. So it should know, but go figure. So I'm pretty sure it would not work from the HTML anymore because now it's the flask application. Yeah, we updated the workspace. That's right. Workspace, that again, can never think. Do we need to normalize frequency, amplitude and peaks, metrics from zero to one so the membership functions and fuzzy rules work better or work at all? Yes, normalizing your data, including frequency, amplitude and peaks, the range from zero to one can be very beneficial when working with fuzzy logic, especially when using membership functions and fuzzy rules. Here's why normalization is important and how it helps. Consistency across features, normalization brings different features, frequency, amplitude, peaks on the same scale. This is crucial when these features have different units or scales of measurement. Effective membership function mapping, fuzzy logic often relies on membership functions to classify inputs into linguistic variables, like low, medium, high. Normalized data ensures that these membership functions can be applied consistently and meaningfully. Simplified rule creation, when working with normalized data, creating fuzzy rules becomes more intuitive. You can define rules based on the normalized range, zero to one, which is often easier to conceptualize and implement. Improved algorithm performance, normalized data can lead to more stable and reliable fuzzy inference, as the algorithms work best when all input features are within a similar range. Normalization typically involves transforming data so that it fits within a specific scale, like zero to one. A common method for this is min-max normalization. Determine ranges. First, determine the range of values for each feature, frequency, amplitude, peaks, in your dataset. Normalized data, apply normalization to each feature before feeding them into your fuzzy logic system. Design membership functions, create membership functions based on the normalized range. For example, you might define low, medium, and high categories within the zero to one range. Define fuzzy rules. Create fuzzy rules that operate on these normalized and categorized values. Normalization is not just a beneficial step, but often a necessary one in fuzzy logic systems for ensuring that the inputs to the system are consistent and that the membership functions and rules work effectively. It makes the implementation of fuzzy logic more robust and the results more reliable. Okay, so why the double thing anymore over there? We are not G-J-S-A-E. Why are you so silly? That's working. Silly robot. Okay, we need to function to normalize the waveforms. No, I don't have this work. So if we have another obviously we need all that. So all this stuff goes in here. Lastly, we can also import request. So we can close that. And data is not being accessed. Okay, sure. We have sci-fi installed. We have a processed data, some function. Okay, the fuzzy logic. It should be S as fuzz or something. Yeah, maybe to leave it as is. I don't understand this like importing as something else. It's kind of silly. Well, that's also because I don't know Python. Luckily, we have chgpt or GitHub co-pilot. Okay, we have some functions sending results back. So we have the output data post, receive data, process data. This will obviously not work. Clear this out. Do we have the calls? No. Okay, so when will the port do detection or anything? Right, obviously the index HTML if you just open live server. How does that even work? It's interesting. I'll keep them both open the different ports. They're just testing locally. I was silly enough to think if we have the flask application running then the HTML by itself will not work anymore. So obviously I was wrong. I was wrong. The main thing is this app application now. So we're using fuzzy logic, okay, toolbox, scipy, some function. Yeah, that's a tricky business. Now we need to normalize as well. Keep that prompt. And we have that template for the Python script. It looks like this. Can you continue providing GitHub co-pilot prompts as per previous discussion? Certainly. Continuing from where we left off, let's expand on the Python script template you've provided. This script integrates flask for the web server, scipy for signal processing, and scikit fuzzy imported as sk fuzzy for fuzzy logic analysis. The structure is a great starting point for your ECG waveform detection game. I'll add some more details to the process underscore data and analyze underscore data functions, keeping in mind the requirements of extracting frequency, amplitude and peaks and then applying fuzzy logic analysis, process underscore data function, this, this function applies signal processing techniques to the input data. For example, using FFT for frequency analysis and skippies find out. I like how it didn't trust GitHub co-pilot and started generating the code itself. Just fair enough, I trusted a bit more than GitHub co-pilot anyway, finished that this template serves as a starting point. You need to adjust and expand it based on the specific details of your ECG data and the requirements of your game. Can you explain why you chose stream FF instead of the trapezoidal membership functions? Yep. The choice between triangular, trimf, and trapezoidal, trap mf, membership functions in fuzzy logic often depends on the specific requirements of the application and the nature of the data being modeled. Here's why I initially chose the triangular membership function in the example. Simplicity, triangular membership functions are straightforward and easy to implement. They're defined by just three points, start, peak, and end, making them less complex to configure compared to trapezoidal functions. Suitable for unclear boundaries, when the precise boundaries of a category are not clear or when there's a gradual transition between categories, triangular functions can be a good fit. Generalization, for many applications, especially in initial designs or prototypes, the triangular function is a good starting point due to its simplicity and general applicability. Performance, in some cases, simpler membership functions like triangular ones can lead to faster computation, which might be beneficial in real-time applications. Better for defined ranges, trapezoidal functions are more suitable when you have a clear understanding of the range of which a variable should be considered fully part of a set. This is due to the flat top of the trapezoidal function, which represents a range where the membership degree is constant and maximum. Flexibility, they offer more flexibility in defining membership functions as they involve four points, start, upper start, upper end, and end. This allows for a more nuanced representation of fuzzy sets. Data and context understanding, if you have a deep understanding of your data and the context, and if there are clear plateaus where a variable should fully belong to a set, trapMF might be more suitable. Experimentation and refinement, you can start with trim for its simplicity and then experiment with trapMF to see if it offers more accuracy or better reflects the real-world scenarios you're modeling. In the context of ECG waveform analysis, starting with trim is a practical approach, especially in the early stages of development. As you refine your model and gain more insights into how your variables behave, you might consider switching to or experimenting with trapMF. The decision should be guided by the behavior of your data and the specific requirements of your fuzzy logic system. One thing I do not understand, so with workspace, is the Python script being used at all? We just added it. Do we need to adjust any of the JavaScript files? That's particularly the game logic file, says it is being used. Game logic is in a different folder now, should know that. So the waveforms is okay, but the game logic is this file referring to the Python flash application functions. It is not. How can I integrate the JavaScript game logic with the Python flash application? So there are Ajax requests talking between them. I don't want to show this score. Is it possible to treat the back-end as the expert? So it will only have fuzzy logic and will only get the waveforms and nothing else. The score will be hidden from it. And on the HTML page, we will show both the score that's coming from the JavaScript and the model result that is coming from the back-end. But we want to make sure they are independent, independent, independent, independent, independent, independent. See if it understands the context or not. Yes, it's entirely possible to set up your flash back-end as a dedicated expert system for fuzzy logic analysis with the front-end HTML JavaScript handling the scoring and display of results independently. Here's how you can structure this. Focus role, the flash back-end will exclusively receive the waveform data, apply fuzzy logic analysis and return the analysis results. It won't handle scoring or other game logic. Endpoint for analysis, create a specific endpoint in your flash app that receives waveform data, processes it through the fuzzy logic system and returns the analysis result. Example endpoint in Flask. Handling scores, implement the scoring logic entirely in your JavaScript code. The score will be calculated based on user interactions and game rules defined on the client side. Displaying results, use Ajax or Fetch API to send waveform data to the Flask back-end and receive the analysis result. Display this result on your HTML page. Updating and displaying the score. Sending waveform data to the back-end for analysis and displaying the returned results. Asynchronous calls. Make asynchronous calls from your JavaScript to the Flask back-end. This way, the game's flow isn't interrupted while waiting for the analysis results. Separate display elements. On your HTML page, have separate elements for the score and the model results. For instance, use different divs or sections to display this information. By separating the concerns, back-end for fuzzy logic analysis and front-end for game logic and scoring, you create a more modular, maintainable and scalable application. This approach allows each part of your application to focus on its specific tasks without interference, leading to cleaner code and potentially smoother user experiences. What's the file structure of the application? Can you generate a quick diagram out of that? It's not like talking to the thing. Yeah, it's getting confused. It's getting confused. Let's try again. Workspace. Generate the clear diagram of the file and folder structure of this application. Let's just look at the workspace. Generate one of those. Yeah, that's the one. I have the following structures. I'll start uploading the script in the files in the next prompt. I need your help modifying the files based on our previous discussion. Sure. I'd be happy to help you modify the files based on our previous discussion. Please upload the app.py, game underscore logic, js, waveforms, js, an index, html files, and let me know the specific modifications and additions you need for each file. This might include integrating the fuzzy logic analysis in the Flask app, updating the JavaScript for game logic and scoring, or modifying the html for displaying results. Once I have the files and your specific requirements, I can provide more type of assistance. It's exactly the same as what you suggested in the earlier prompt. I need help integrating the changes as discussed in our previous conversation earlier. Based on our previous discussion and the files you've provided, we make modifications to integrate the fuzzy logic analysis from the Flask back end, app.py, into the game logic in game underscore logic, js, and display the results on index, html. Here's a breakdown of the changes. You need to add functionality to send waveform data to the Flask back end for fuzzy logic analysis and then handle the response. Add function to send data to Flask back end, this. Create a function to display the analysis result from the back end on the web page. Call Analyze Waveform function whenever a new waveform is generated in the game loop. Add an element in index, html, to display the analysis result from the back end. Place this element where you'd like the analysis results to be displayed on the page. Make sure app.py contains the Analyze underscore waveform endpoint, as discussed previously, to receive waveform data, process it with fuzzy logic, and return the result. With these changes, game underscore logic, js will send the current waveform data to the Flask back end for analysis. The back end applies fuzzy logic and returns the result, which is then displayed on the web page. This integration allows the Flask back end to act as an expert system for waveform analysis, while the front end handles the game logic and display independently. Remember to test the integration thoroughly to ensure that the data is correctly sent, processed, and received, and that the game's flow remains smooth and responsive. To call the Analyze Waveform function whenever a new waveform is generated in your game loop, you should place the function call right after a new waveform is created and set as the current waveform. In your game underscore logic, js, this would typically happen in the game loop, specifically in the section where you check if the current waveform has completely scrolled off the canvas and generated a new one. Here's how you can integrate it. Locate the Waveform generation section, find the part in your game loop where a new waveform is generated. This is usually where you check if the current waveform has scrolled off the canvas. Call Analyze Waveform after new waveform creation, after you set the new waveform, call Analyze Waveform with the newly generated waveform data. Here's an example based on your existing code structure. In this snippet, the Analyze Waveform function is called right after a new waveform, current waveform, is generated. This ensures that each time a new waveform appears on the screen, it gets sent the Flask back end for analysis. Make sure that the data format sent to Analyze Waveform matches what your Flask back end expects. For instance, if your back end expects an array of waveform points, ensure the current waveform is formatted accordingly. We have, we're calling the function now console log remain the same. Here we're just playing the waveform type. Okay, so that the warning went away. Right, we need a display element index html. Let me do this. Just wondering should be here somewhere. Oops, common analysis result. That's okay. Make sure I apply Stylers Waveform to Stylers because we took the Analyze Waveform, just mess up the name or the endpoint. It's not an endpoint. This is odd. We're actually calling it somewhere. Yes, we have, I don't even know how the two JavaScripts interact between them. Make sure this ID is actually in the JavaScript. Yes, it is. Do we still need the following function, the following endpoint? Yeah, because two of them don't care if they are the same. In your current setup, based on the discussion in the provided game underscore logic, JS file, you do not need the Analyze Endpoint in your Flask application app.py. Instead, you should use the Analyze underscore Waveform endpoint, which was specifically designed to handle the waveform data sent from your JavaScript game logic for fuzzy logic analysis. Endpoint in Flask app.py, you should. You should have an endpoint like Analyze underscore Waveform in your Flask app. This endpoint will receive the Waveform data processor using your fuzzy logic system and return the analysis result. In your JavaScript file, you should have a function like Analyze Waveform that sends the Waveform data to the Analyze underscore Waveform endpoint and handles the response. Here's how the Flask endpoint might look. And in your JavaScript, you call Analyze Waveform with the Waveform data. By setting up your application this way, you ensure that the game logic in the front end and the fuzzy logic analysis in the back end are properly connected and communicating effectively. Remember to test this integration thoroughly to ensure that the data flow between your front end and back end is functioning as expected. The app.py is not right. Can you help me updating the Python code? It's missing the following function. I'm pretty sure I have it already, but it just called something else. The whole code might need refractoring to get a timeout for To integrate the fuzzy logic analysis into your Flask application, you need to ensure that the fuzzy underscore logic underscore analysis function is properly defined and connected to your Analyze underscore Waveform endpoint. From your provided code, it looks like the fuzzy underscore logic underscore analysis function is intended to be the Analyze underscore data function. We can refact to the code to make this connection clearer. Let's update the Flask application to use Analyze underscore data as the fuzzy logic analysis function. I will rename Analyze underscore data to fuzzy underscore logic underscore analysis for clarity and ensure it's called correctly in the Analyze underscore Waveform endpoint. Renaming Analyze underscore data to fuzzy underscore logic underscore analysis, the function Analyze underscore data has been renamed to fuzzy underscore logic underscore analysis for clarity. This function now clearly represents the part of your code responsible for applying fuzzy logic to the process data. Processing data before analysis. In Analyze underscore Waveform endpoint, the received Waveform data is first processed by process underscore data and then passed to fuzzy underscore logic underscore analysis. This ensures a clear separation of concerns, data pre-processing and fuzzy logic analysis. Ensure that the normalize function is used correctly within fuzzy underscore logic underscore analysis to scale in good values appropriately. After making these changes, test the application to ensure that the data flow from the front end to the back end works correctly, and the fuzzy logic analysis is performed correctly. Pay attention to how the data is formatted and passed between functions to avoid any mismatches in expected input, output formats. This refactoring should align your flask application with the intended structure and functionality, making the fuzzy logic analysis part clear and effectively integrated with the rest of your application. Yeah, we have no problem. The process data is returning the individual components that should be okay, a fuzzy logic analysis and normalized. We have normalized, no, normalize. It's normalizing everything from zero to one. That's good. In general, it is functions one by one. The process underscore data function in your flask application is responsible for preparing the Waveform data before it's analyzed by the fuzzy logic system. This typically involves tasks like signal processing, feature extraction, and normalization. Based on your application's focus on ECG Waveforms, let's outline what this function might include. Here, you'll apply techniques like Fast Fourier Transform, FFT, for frequency analysis and peak detection to extract meaningful features from the ECG data. You might want to extract features like the dominant frequency, the number of peaks, both positive and negative, and the amplitude of the Waveform. Normalize these features to a standard range, usually zero to one, to ensure consistency and compatibility with the fuzzy logic analysis. Frequency analysis, the FFT is applied to the Waveform to get the frequency components. The dominant frequency is extracted for analysis. Peak detection, skippies find underscore peaks function is used to detect peaks in the Waveform. The number of peaks is counted. Amplitude calculation, the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the Waveform gives the amplitude. Normalization, each extracted feature is normalized to a range between zero and one. Data format, ensure that the data format received by process underscore data matches the format of the Waveform data sent from the front end. This function sets the stage for the fuzzy logic analysis by extracting and normalizing the key features from the ECG Waveform data. You might need to adjust the implementation details based on the exact nature and format of your ECG data. The fuzzy underscore logic underscore analysis function in your Flask application is the core of the fuzzy logic system. It uses the process data to evaluate and classify the ECG Waveform based on predefined fuzzy rules. This function should define the fuzzy variables, membership functions, and rules that constitute your fuzzy logic system. Let's outline the implementation of this function based on the process data, which includes normalized frequency, amplitude, and the number of peaks. Fuzzy variables and membership functions define fuzzy variables, frequency, amplitude, peaks, and their respective membership functions. Adjust these based on the specifics of your ECG data. Rules, establish rules that dictate how the inputs relate to the output, abnormality. These rules are based on your understanding of what constitutes an abnormal ECG Waveform. Control system, set up the control system using these rules and then simulate it with the process data. Compute result, finally, compute the output, which gives the degree of abnormality based on the input Waveform data. This function forms the decision-making core of your application, determining the likelihood of abnormalities in ECG Waveforms using fuzzy logic. The effectiveness of this system will largely depend on how well the membership functions and rules model the real-world behavior of ECG Waveforms. You may need to fine-tune these aspects based on testing and domain expertise. The error message you're encountering in game underscore logic, JS suggests that there is an issue with parsing JSON data. This typically happens when the expected JSON data is either not received correctly or is malformed. The error points to line 192 in game underscore logic, JS, which is likely within the analyze Waveform function are a similar function where you're handling the response from your flask back end. To troubleshoot this issue, follow these steps. Ensure that your flask back end, app.py, is correctly sending a JSON response. The response should be properly formatted as JSON. For example, in your analyze Waveform function, make sure you're correctly sending the request and handling the response. Pay attention to how you parse the response. Console log, add console.log statements to print out the response from the server and any data you receive in the analyze Waveform function. This can help you identify where the breakdown is occurring. Check network response, use your browser's developer tools, usually accessible with F12 or right-click to inspect, and go to the network tab. Check the response from your analyze underscore Waveform call. Ensure that the response is valid JSON. It's good practice to handle cases where the response might be empty or not in the expected format. Ensure your code gracefully handles these scenarios without throwing an error that could break your application's flow. By following these steps, you should be able to identify and resolve the issue causing the unexpected end of JSON input error in your game underscore logic, JS. Simple for co-pilot. Ensure in JavaScript a function fetching analyze Waveform. It's a post-method. It's the same. Yeah, it's giving that error something in the JSON response or format. Still a troubleshooting. We do get that error. The error HTTP error. Status 405 indicates that the method used in the HTTP request is not allowed for URL requested. In the context of your game underscore logic, JS, it means the fetch request to your flask back end is using a method that the flask route does not support. Since the error is a 405 method not allowed, let's check a few things. Verify that the flask route is set up to allow the HTTP method you're using in your JavaScript fetch request. For example, if you're using a post request in JavaScript, ensure your flask route is configured to accept post requests. Make sure that the method you specify in the fetch request matches the method allowed in your flask route. For instance, if your flask route accepts post, your fetch should also use post. If your front end and back end are served from different origins, different domains, ports or protocols, you might run into cause issues. Flask routes need to be configured to allow requests from different origins in such cases. You can use flask cause extension to handle this. Install flask cause and use it in your app.py. Ensure the URL in the fetch request is correct and corresponds to the route defined in your flask app. If you're running the flask app locally, it's usually something like HTTP colon slash slash localhost port 500 zero zero slash analyze underscore waveform. Okay, okay, there's a problem that we, so this should be okay, JavaScript should be okay as well. A cause should be fine, I think, but yes, we're actually not running the flask application. No, we are, but we are not using the correct, you should be using this link. All right, there are no comments. Unfortunately, unfortunately, that's how you look at the analysis result, get them and buy the, getting an error in line 201. So analyzing waveform doesn't work. Would this just regenerate the whole function? Your analyze waveform function in game underscore logic. JS is intended to send the waveform data to your flask back end, receive the analysis results and then handle these results, e.g., by displaying them on the page. Here's an example of how you can structure this function. Sending data, the function sends a post request to the analyze underscore waveform end point with the waveform data as JSON. It first checks if the response status is okay, status code 200 to 299. If not, it throws an error. If the response is okay, it passes the JSON response. Displaying results, the parse data, data, analysis result is then passed display analysis result update the UI. Error handling, any network errors or issues with the request are caught in the catch block and logged to the console. You need to call analyze waveform at the appropriate moment in your game loop, typically when a new waveform is generated. Make sure the waveform data you passed to the function matches the format expected by your flask back end. Use console logs to debug and ensure that the data is being sent and received correctly. Check the flask server logs for any errors or issues on the back end side. Use browser developer tools, network tab to inspect the HTTP request and response details. This function plays a crucial role in integrating your front-end game logic with the back-end fuzzy logic analysis. Make sure to test thoroughly to ensure seamless integration. Right, I actually didn't notice this error in the terminal. The error you're encountering in your app.py script is due to the way the normalize function is being used. The normalize function expects an iterable, like a list or an array, but it looks like you're passing a single integer value, numpy.in64, dirid. The min and max functions are being called on a non-iterable, hence the type error. Let's address this issue. You need to modify the normalize function so it can handle single values correctly. Here's an updated version of the function. In this version, you need to provide the minimum and maximum values of the range from which value originates. This way, the function can handle single integer or float values properly. Modify the calls to the normalize function in the process underscore data function to include the minimum and maximum values for each feature. Remember to replace the freq underscore min, freq underscore max, peaks underscore min, peaks underscore max, amp underscore min, and amp underscore max values with the actual minimum and maximum values expected for your frequency, peaks, and amplitude data. Normalization. The normalization process adjusts the range of your data to fit between 0 and 1. This is important for consistent fuzzy logic analysis, especially when combining different features. Data ranges. It's crucial to know the range of values your data can take. For example, if you're analyzing ECG waveforms, you should have an idea of the typical range of frequencies, number of peaks, and amplitude values. By making these adjustments, your normalize function should work correctly with the data being processed, and the type error should be resolved. Don't like it. I don't think it's relevant. Can we regenerate that last response? The area you're encountering, type error, numpy dot in 64 feet object is not a treble, is happening because the normalize function is trying to iterate over a single numerical value, numpy dot in 64. The min and max functions are being called on a non-iterable object, which is causing the issue. This typically occurs when you're passing a single value, like an integer or a float, to a function that expects an interval, like a list or a numpy array. Let's correct this in the process underscore data and normalize functions. In process underscore data, when you're calling normalize, dominant underscore frequency, dominant underscore frequency seems to be a single numerical value rather than an array. You should modify the normalization process to handle single values correctly. Here's a revised version of the normalize function to handle both single values and arrays. And in process underscore data, you need to adjust how you call normalize. First, determine the range for normalization, i.e., the global minimum and maximum values for frequency, peaks, amplitude, etc., based on your data set or predefined ranges. Then, use these values when calling normalize. Example adjustment in process underscore data. Normalization range is important to define the range, minimum and maximum values, for each feature based on your specific data or application requirements. This range is used in normalization to ensure consistency. Single value normalization, the revised normalize function now correctly handles single numerical values. By making these changes, you should resolve the type error and ensure that your data is normalized correctly before being passed to the fuzzy logic analysis. Remember to adjust the global minimum and maximum values based on the actual range of your data. A problem is that I do not know the global minimum and maximum frequencies or global minimum and maximum peaks or global minimum maximum amplitude. If you do not know the global minimum and maximum values for frequency, peaks and amplitude, there are a few approaches you can consider. Use your knowledge or literature in the field to estimate reasonable minimum and maximum values for these features. For example, in the context of ECG waveforms, you might know the typical range of frequencies, number of peaks and amplitudes that are expected. If you have a data set of ECG waveforms, you can analyze this data set to determine the range of values for each feature. This can be done by calculating the minimum and maximum values across all your data. If the data comes in a stream and you cannot analyze it in advance, you can implement an adaptive normalization technique. Keep track of the minimum and maximum values encountered so far and use these to normalize new data. For some features, it might make sense to normalize them relative to each other within the same waveform rather than to an absolute range. For example, you can normalize the peaks in a waveform relative to the highest peak in that same waveform. Since you're working with ECG data in real time, a combination of domain knowledge estimation and adaptive normalization might work best. Here's an example of how you might implement adaptive normalization. In this example, global minimum and maximum values for each feature are updated every time new data is processed, allowing the normalization process to adapt the range of data encountered over time. This approach is dynamic and can handle varying ranges in your data. No, I do not want the adaptive normalization. Can I get those values from waveforms.js or is it contradicting the requirement for the fuzzy logic being independent from the waveform generation? Retrieving the global minimum and maximum values for frequency, peaks and amplitude directly from waveforms.js in a real time setting could be challenging, especially if you want to keep the physiological analysis independent from waveform generation. However, there are a few strategies you could consider. If you have a sample data set of ECG waveforms, you can analyze this data set offline, i.e. before the real time application runs to determine the approximate range of values for each feature. This way, you can hard code these values into your Python script. This approach does not require real-time interaction with waveforms.js and maintains independence. If you have domain knowledge about typical ECG waveforms or can consult literature or experts, you might be able to define reasonable static ranges for these features. These predefined ranges can be used for normalization. Another approach is to calculate and send these ranges from the front end, JavaScript, the back end, flask, at the start of the session. However, this approach slightly blurs the line of independence between waveform generation and analysis. It's feasible if the initial calculation in waveforms.js does not continuously influence the physiological analysis. If you prefer keeping the back end and front end completely independent, it's better to use a combination of offline analysis and domain knowledge to set these ranges in the back end. Offline analysis, run a script to process a batch of sample ECG data to find them in and max for frequency, peaks, and amplitude. Okay, can we go over the adaptive normalization again? Certainly. Adaptive normalization dynamically adjusts the range used for normalization based on the data it encounters over time. This approach is particularly useful when dealing with data whose range is not known beforehand or may vary significantly. Let's revisit the adaptive normalization method for your use case. Tracking global min and max, as new data points come in, the algorithm updates the global minimum and maximum values based on these points. This way, the normalization range adapts the data seen so far. Normalization, each new data point is then normalized based on the current global minimum and maximum values. Here's how you could implement adaptive normalization in your flask application for ECG waveform data. Initial values, the global minimums are initialized to float, INF, and the maximums to float, INF, to ensure that any real data point will update these values. Normalization, the normalize function handles the case where the minimum and maximum values are equal, devoid division by zero. Data range update, each new piece of data updates the global range. This means that over time, as more data is processed, the normalization range becomes more representative of the actual range of the data. This approach will continuously refine the normalization range as more data is processed, making it more accurate over time. It's a suitable method when dealing with varying data ranges or when predetermined ranges are not available. Just keep in mind that the initial data points might be normalized less accurately until the system has seen enough data to establish a representative range. Yeah, that sounds good. We might need more help integrating it into the current code. Absolutely. I'd be happy to guide you through integrating adaptive normalization into your current code. We'll focus on modifying the process underscore data function to implement adaptive normalization for the frequency, peaks, and amplitude values of your ECG waveforms. First, define global variables in your app.py to keep track of the minimum and maximum values encountered for each feature, frequency, peaks, amplitude. Create a function to update the global minimum and maximum values. In process underscore data, use the global min and max values to normalize the data and update these values based on the new data. Ensure the normalize function handles single values correctly. Global variables, the global variables store the current minimum and maximum for each feature across all process data. They are updated each time new data is processed. Normalization, each feature is normalized based on the current global min and max values. Dynamic adaptation, this setup allows the normalization process to dynamically adapt the range of data being processed over time. Test this setup with various waveforms to ensure that the normalization process works correctly. Monitor the global min and max values. Okay, so we define global variables for minimum and maximum for each of the parameters. We're looking at frequency, amplitude, and peak and we have another function that returns minimum and maximum for the current minimum value. It should return min and max in process data. In process underscore data, use the global min and max values to normalize the data and update these values based on the new data. We have the normalize frequency to update that all normalize peaks and normalization function and normalize somewhere at the bottom. Yeah, void division by zero. It's a great idea, great suggestion. And let's start it. Okay, how is it still working? How is it still? Okay, so we're not running the correct thing. It should be this one. Yeah, that's right. So actually run the flat application. Yes, this domain is okay. Is it something we're getting for the first view waves? No, we keep getting it. Now this result, we get an analysis result. Yeah, that's what I thought we would not get a value for there. So we had a video freezing. This number is always 0.8. Yeah, that one. Yeah, we might keep troubleshooting. Let's say bye bye for now. See you next time. Fall within the range expected by the membership functions defined in your fuzzy logic system. If the inputs are outside these ranges, they won't activate any rules. Review your membership functions for each input variable. Make sure they're appropriately defined and cover the entire range of possible input values. It's crucial that for any given input value, at least one membership function has a non zero degree of membership. Examine the rules in your fuzzy logic system. Each rule should be possible to trigger based on the defined membership functions. If the rules are too restrictive or specific, they may not be activated by your input data. Test your fuzzy


Item Number SCP-2710 Object Class Euclid Correction Keter Special Containment Procedures Due to SCP-2710's incorporeal and indefinable nature, full-scale containment has been deemed currently unfeasible. Due to SCP-2710's apparent specific targeting of Foundation personnel actively involved in the research of containment measures, personnel thus engaged are required to exercise caution and report any unusual aural, visual, or olfactory sensations occurring during work hours. In case of exposure to active SCP-2710 manifestation, personnel are to report to the Foundation's Information Protective Service for further evaluation and decontamination procedures. Update Due to the increased rate of SCP-2710 exposure incidents and its widespread contamination of containment and research personnel, item reclassified as Keter. SCP-2710 has begun displaying more complex infestation patterns as well as establishing a stable persona, exhibiting seeming now-vested interest as well as intimate knowledge of subject matter. Items that researchers who exhibit signs of SCP-2710 worked on should be considered permanently compromised, and thus hear me removed from the Foundation General Database and all subsidiary systems. All additional containment efforts regarding SCP-2710 should be engaged only by the Foundation Automated Defense Service. Description SCP-2710 is an intangible, spatially-temporarily displaced phenomenon believed to be connected to a remote, stable, pseudo-sapient persona. SCP-2710 typically manifests itself as audio-visual hallucinations, or more rarely, full sensory mentally induced pain among active research personnel, as well as active attempts at corrupting research and specifically containment-related data, SCP-2710 is very persistent. Researchers are not to engage under any circumstances. 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Nah, a franger lost me there. And you were so close too.  Errr.  Total butthurt. Well, wasn't he an interesting fellow? Bit of a temper on him, but I can't say I don't appreciate his moxie. Extorting the foundation, man, that takes some hootspa. So yeah, guess I'm gonna go too then. Not that this wasn't nice or anything, but I find that hanging around on secured foundation networks can wreak havoc on one's plans for continued existence. Buddy boy here might not have realized that, but I do. Besides, I got a lady to return to. Who already left and spilled Eric all over my face. Gee. Thanks. I swear, you foundation-typed to cock-blocks even when you're not trying. Addendum SCP-SCP-2710-A. On the... The mighty and handsome... You can guess what's under there, I'm sure. Totally did the foundation a huge solid. We owe him a debt of eternal gratitude. SCP-2710 reclassified as totally owned. Under Oh Something Orders, a sum of, let's say, 20 million dollars, yeah, that sounds good, is to be transferred to his account at the Six Planet Banking House, Buckhoof Road. Papa needs a brand new turban.  That's it then. SCP over. Go read something else or something. You would bother in me.


Although we have made huge progress with science and with physics, there are still a lot of things we don't understand. We don't have that t-shirt yet with equations of everything. For example, we can make a t-shirt with Einstein's theory of gravity and you can make another which describes all big things really excellently. And you can make another t-shirt with equations of quantum mechanics which describe the subatomic world really great. But those two t-shirts don't get along. There is another t-shirt that nobody has figured out exactly what should be on it yet. Maybe it's dream theory, maybe something else. So some humility is in order, but it's quite striking how much progress we've made 400 years ago. When Galileo famously said that our universe is a grand book written in the language of mathematics, almost the only thing you could do with math then was predict the physics of motion. If Galileo could predict that if you throw a hazelnut and a grape, they would both move in this shape called a parabola, y equals x squared, simple math shape, right? But Galileo would have no idea why the grape was green and the hazelnut was brown, why the grape was soft and the hazelnut was hard. Then Maxwell came with other equations for light and stuff that explained colors. And then we got quantum mechanics which explain why some things are hard and others are soft. And if you look now, we've actually gradually managed to describe almost, we've gone from describing almost nothing except motion with math to describing almost everything with math. And what mainly remains are some issues about what's happening inside of black holes, what happened very, very long ago and around the time we're big bang, the ultimate future of our universe. And most flagrantly, what's actually happening in our heads. The science of intelligence has taken off quite a bit with AI, but we certainly have a long way to go. And the most spectacular failure I feel so far is our ability to just write down an actual scientific theory of consciousness of why is it that we have these subjective experiences of colors and sounds and so on, rather than just feel like zombies, we go through the motions, but it doesn't feel like anything to be us. Some people dismiss this as just silly, pointless philosophy. I see it differently, I feel that we are just being lame and making excuses for not actually solving this science problem. I think both consciousness and intelligence are all about information processing. And I don't think it matters ultimately whether the information is processed by carbon atoms inside of neurons, inside of brains or by silicon atoms in our technology. But what I do think matters is that there are some other equations which tell you which kinds of information processing are conscious and which aren't. And we just haven't discovered them. And we should.


social order. In this session we are going to discuss the topic of social order with specific difference to Karl Marx philosophy. Being political sociologist Karl Marx had examined the social order of a society being stratified into following three headings like social stratification Marx assumes that the number one point that any human being who has a role in the society that is dependent that what type of production he or she has. Like everyone in the society for the survival needs some resources. So the production result in struggle between those having means of production and those who only contribute their labour works for their ends. In stratification two parts have resources and those have to provide the services but for their survival. So society can be divided into two groups. The groups are the producers and the group those are the owners. So the groups or strata that comprise the stratification system are referred to the social classes. Karl Marx basically refers to two categories of classes in modern capitalist societies which are the minority capitalists and the majority workers. And the social organization. Social organization basically is an important element of the social order and the supervision became the sole established and the exclusive function of the society to maintain the social order. And these organizations refer to the hierarchical administrative nature of the industrial societies and the production. Then the social system according to Karl Marx that is like an abstract image. Why abstract image? Because according to Karl Marx the economic situation in any society actually determines the whole social order. How? Like if we have to understand the social order of Karl Marx according to his philosophy then we will have to see what was the economic situation there. How were the people there? What was the relationship with their religion? What was the affiliation with the law? Because every person who is less than the social order according to Karl Marx will be closer to his religion. He will also accept the laws. Because he is already living in fear. So he does not want to end his relationship with these matters. So according to Karl Marx a framework of social order has basically two images where one is referred to as abstract image consisting of substructures. Now what is the basic difference according to him? Those classes which depend on the social order, which are on a lower status, they always try to maintain the social order in some way, make their relationship strong with norms, values, religion and law. But the upper classes see that they only have to maintain their resources. Their status will not be threatened in any way. So according to Karl Marx social stratification, social order is dependent on the distribution of resources and this distribution of resources maintains any social order of society and social order's maintenance gets disturbed if the relationship between the two groups gets disturbed and if there is a confusion there, then the whole system will be upset. So Karl Marx's basic line of social order or to understand it, it is necessary to understand the social conditions of any society.


The mayor's son is found dead posed as a scarecrow. Welcome to another edition of Frightfully Forgotten's Trash or Treasure, and today we have another Patreon request. Today we are tackling 1981's Dead Kids, aka Strange Behavior. But before we get started, what are we drinking? We're drinking Fire in the Sky Rye. Dead Kids or Strange Behavior was directed by Michael Loughlin. Loughlin. Loughlin. Loughlin. And he also did Strange Invaders, which was kind of a companion movie to this one. There's supposed to be a third one, but these ones just didn't do that well, so they canned the project. Louise Fletcher is in this, and she is famously in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest as Nurse Ratchet. NURSE RACHET! I want my cigarettes. She's also in our favorite Star Trek series, DS9. Fiona Lewis is in this. She's also in The Fury, which we covered. One of our first Trash or Treasure episodes. That's right. She's also in Inner Space. Dan Shor is in this. He's in Tron. Did he want to see in the movie Tron? No. No. No. And the very acclaimed movie Goolies 3. Mark McClure is in this, and us 80's kids will always remember him as being Marty McFly's brother and back to the future. He was also Jimmy Olson in the original Superman movies. So the movie starts off, these parents getting ready to go out for the night. As soon as they close the door, there's the kid in his room and he starts smoking right away, but he hears a noise in the basement and he goes downstairs to start checking things out. There's a shadow down there, there's somebody down there that just starts killing him, starts stabbing him all up in the back and in the head and everything, and you just hear him, and it goes on forever, dude. I guess you wouldn't be if you were stabbing the head, you'd feel brain damage and everything. You wouldn't be making normal noises after this short. We then get introduced to John and Pete, and they're a father-son duo. They're a little, how do you say it, a little dysfunctional, I guess? Pete just walks by his dad all naked, he doesn't bat an eye. The dad is all at breakfast, cutting his nails at the table and everything, like toenails in the kitchen, like, what the fuck, do that somewhere else for Christ's sake. There's people at my work that do that. Me too.  I got a guy at work, he cuts his fingernails in the lunchroom, and he cuts them into his lunchbox. What?  Like, he was the garbage. The dad gets called away about a missing kid, and it turns out that it's the mayor's kid that was attacked in the house. The dad is the cop for the town, too, so he goes out to investigate. Pete and his friend Oliver are talking, and Oliver is taking these experimental tests, increases brain power and everything, and he takes Pete to the university to show him some demonstrations. A guy on a TV, and they have a chicken on the table, and they strap some thing to a tent.  So Pete right away gets really interested, and also they give money for these tests, right? So Pete wants to make money, he wants to make big bucks. Make the big bucks. Want to make some big bucks. So there's a party going on, looks like a Halloween party, even though it doesn't feel like Halloween at all. It's just a costume party. Yeah. Doing that whole dance routine. Dance routine.  Waldo, he's getting ready to drive his girl home, and he puts the car in gear, and the car just spins, like the tires are stuck, and when he gets out to go push, he gets attacked by somebody in this weird ghoul-type mask. Keep trying to put my finger on what is that supposed to be? I don't know. I'm not sure. But I've seen that mask around before. I think it's this one of those masks you always see in movies, like on the shelf somewhere. The killer goes around to get the girl, chases her into the pool. There's a big struggle, and you think that she's going to drown in the pool, but they actually come out and rescue her, and the killer takes off. The killer's running away, and he stops, and kind of looks back, and unmasks, and you find out it's Oliver. So Pete's dad the next day is questioning all the kids to see what happened at this party. And Oliver, what did you see?  I don't remember anything. I don't remember none of this happening. Dad gets a phone call, and he's got to leave because they found the mayor's son, and the mayor's son is found dead, posed as his scarecrow, and it looks really creepy. His eyes are like missing and everything. Pete goes for his first round of tests, sees all these other experiments happening, like this kid riding this bike and everything. He's rewarded by playing pinball and having a coke. He's about to go in this one room, and he gets stuck with this weird old guy, and he's like, oh, we even were not allowed to go in there. So, you know, something's kind of funny happening behind the scenes. The head doctor of this experiment just simply gives him a pill, tells him to swallow it, and that's it. Yeah. And here's your check. Yeah. Yeah. Easy peasy, right? Easy money. He goes out for a date with the receptionist that night, and suddenly he's all smarty speaking French. In the meantime, more of these murders start happening. Pete goes back for a second round of tests, and it's a little different this time.  He's like, no, no, I didn't sign up for this. What are you doing? What are you doing? In the meantime, the dad's investigating these murders, and he's kind of being led to the university in these weird experiments, because something like this has actually happened before in the town. And that's where we're going to end the plot. If you want to see how dead kids, a.k.a. strange behavior ends, watch the movie. That'll bring us to the treasure of the movie, and one of the treasures is the story of the movie, actually. It's quite good. They take their time to really get you invested in what's happening in this town. The way they play it out, too, it starts off, you just think it's going to be some slasher killer kids movie. But then it ends up being like a lot more than that. There's way more below the surface on this movie than just dead kids. Underlying plot with the dad, having a vendetta against this doctor who he thinks killed his wife how many years earlier. And then he doesn't believe the doctor's actually dead. And then there's this whole convoluted story behind all this stuff, which makes it a very interesting watch. You don't feel like it's too much, though. The way that the story unfolds, it doesn't seem like too much is being thrown at you at once. The town being used, too, as sort of ground zero for these experiments. The whole idea of this crazy doctor wanting to perfect humanity and using this town as a guinea pig, it kind of almost harks back to the superhuman that the Nazis wanted to create makes for a good story. The characters are really good, too, actually. They're pretty well-defined. You get a real sense of the dynamic between all the characters as well, like Pete and Oliver. Pete and his dad. It's kind of weird dynamic. Then you have the girlfriend, the dad's girlfriend, which you kind of have a sense that she's not really loved by the dad. They're not just kind of throwaway characters. They're there for a reason. The main antagonists in this movie are great, great villains, especially the main female doctor. She's just the way she plays it is great because she's almost too nice. I was kind of thinking that she was going to be like a robot or something. Oh, really? The way she plays it out is perfect. The actress really plays a two-faced person very well. The main, main antagonist, the kind of the puppet master behind all this, Dr. Lassange. He's a great bad guy, too. Of course, he's in the wheelchair, naturally. There's a bit of a reveal there, too. The villain fails his diabolical plan. It's just so classic and the way the actor delivers it is great. The kills in this movie are really good, too. They're all kind of different and they're all stylistically different. First kill is just shadows. All you see is the shadow of the knife stabbing the kid. Then the next kill is a bit more gory, right?  It keeps escalating in the gore, which is neat. They give you just enough for it to be effective without going over the top, right?  That one kill with the old woman is just fantastic. Not just the kill itself, it's the whole scene. The way the whole scene plays out is so good. It's slow. You know, the old woman looking through the house quietly, looks into the bathroom and the kid's all diced up and missing a hand and everything.  Then the music for this is done by Tandream Dream. It's pretty good music, actually. It fits the movie perfectly, really. The small town setting works perfectly for the story of this movie, right? It just makes sense. This scientist guy isn't going to conduct all these experiments in a huge city with this huge population. He'll get found out right away.  That's right. You can't really escape it. Comedy in this movie is good, too. It's slow-key and it's not shoved in your face. It's a little underlying, subtle things. Like the cop's fridge there in his office. They open it up and it's just filled top to bottom with beer, nothing but beer. That'll bring us to the trash of this movie. I thought the pacing was a little off, a little slow. Not so slow or it's boring, but it's just like a little bit like, ah, okay, let's kind of get on with it here.  Some of it's okay, some of it's subpar, and some of it is god-awful. See the distinct line drawn in the sand there, like that corner guy is just awful. He's all missing lines. Would you like to look at the wounds on Waldo? Sort of skipping things. You can tell that he's kind of thinking about his next line and everything. That's what appears to be surgical. And that awful mayor, like when the dad runs into the mayor at the supermarket. Look, there was something a bit strange, I thought. Jesus Christ, could have they gotten a worse actor for this guy supposed to be distraught to the son is missing and all this stuff? It's just like any other day at the supermarket. He was just doing his homework when we left. Well, I'll call you about six. And the dialogue too in this movie, as good as the story is. The dialogue doesn't really do the story justice, it's a little bad. Be back down the drive last night, there was a car parked in front. Is anybody in it? I don't think so, guess I should have looked. Maybe that's why some of the acting isn't great, because they have to deliver such poor dialogue at times. The actor who plays the dad's kind of weird, because at times he's good, and at times I'm like, fuck, why'd they hire this guy? So some performances in the same movie by the same actor go from good to bad even. The budget for this movie too seems a little low, right? It's on the low end. Shows too, right? The costumes, like man, I had no clue that this kid's dad was like a cop until like halfway through the movie, because like, well where's the guy's uniform? Like he's just wearing plain clothes all the time, like where's your badge and your hat and like your outfit? Like I've never seen a movie before where like the sheriff of the town doesn't have an outfit. It almost seems like everybody on the force is just wearing their clothes.  So like, and then the coroner too, it's like the coroner looks like he's just about to go cut his grass, go fishing or something. What kind of costume is that?  It doesn't look like it's in a hospital or anything. Even the police station. You can't tell that it's a police station.  It's a low budget movie, but it's always better when you can't tell. Yeah, in this movie, you can tell. Yeah, it's like, man, buy these guys some costumes or rent them at least, you know. Yeah, you have a little more imagination about the settings. Yeah, like, Christ, if we're going to shoot a sketch or something, we'll at least go down to the party store and spend a couple of bucks on a hat or something. Like, these guys even bother with that. And the last thing we'll have to mention about this movie is the last part about the movie. And that's the ending. It's kind of anti-climactic. Like, it really builds up to, like, what you think is going to be a big showdown between the dad and this mad scientist. When they finally meet face to face, it's kind of a little, then suddenly it's just over. Well, where was the showdown?  But it just kind of ends and then there's like a wedding and then the movie's over.  Yeah, it was disappointing. Yeah, you know, yeah, you don't get the payoff that the movie deserved. And it would have been nice if it was a bit of a cliffhanger. Like, it was like a happy ending. And then there's like that hint that, oh, there's still something going on in the kid's brain or something is still there to be triggered later. So, dead kids, a.k.a. strange behavior, trash or treasure? It is a treasure. It's a definite treasure. I'll have to say treasure too, for sure. There are some things we've picked on, but overall, it's a pretty unique original movie. Yeah, and it's really not that bad. No. It is done really well. And it's a good horror movie. It's got great kills. And it really kind of leans kind of towards sci-fi too. It's like a sci-fi horror pseudo slasher. It does make me want to watch its sister movie, Strange Invaders. Mm-hmm, just to see what it's like. With a lot of the same cast, actually, reminding me a lot of disturbing behavior, which came out in the 90s. I'm sure disturbing behavior was inspired by this movie to some degree. Even the title, Strange Behavior, Disturbing Behavior, is very similar, right? I got a little bit of a sense of dead and buried in this movie, too. That small town kind of mind-control puppeteering mad scientist. So if you're looking for a neat little low-budget gem sci-fi slasher, definitely check out Strange Behavior, aka Dead Kids. Yeah, and until next time, keep drinking.