Okay, next speaker is is Nelson Eccani. He's from Stockholm Environment Institute. He's been working in Rwanda and he will be addressing the topic community-based sanitation programs and he's been working in a district called Brera. I believe he's also doing his PhD and using some of the the data from from these projects. So there's if you like an extreme level of rigor in in his treatment of this subject. Please. Thank you, Anu. Thank you for coming. I will share with you some findings we've had from work we've been doing in the Nording Rwanda. This is just to present to you the structures that are already in place before CACs institutionalized in Rwanda and these are structures that I think will be very useful as we roll out CACs. So there are different entry points in sanitation like Juliet mentioned, you know sanitation is cross-cutting in many parts in Bokina Faso in Niger even in Rwanda now we have the agricultural sector as an entry point. So you're having this reuse aspect as a way of triggering people to get toilets so they can actually get you know incentives for if you're using improved toilets. So where are we? Brera district in Rwanda is the most rural district densely populated and of course administratively Rwanda has district sectors and then cells and then have villages at the end. So we are precisely at the Rugerama sector in that district. Where agriculture is a predominant activity 95 percent and major crop produced there is potato. We have the volcanic region as well. It's very Healy and rocky, difficult to dig toilets and there we have predominantly traditional pit latrines. As of 2006 the sanitation coverage in that district was about 37 percent as based on wash and survey that was done there. So those are the kind of toilets that you have there. So there you go. That's Brera district and we are there close to the Brera lake and you see this is what is predominant and then you have some of these public UD toilets, urine diversion toilets, that's how we refer to them and then you have some of improved structures that are also coming up. So yeah, after saying that agriculture is a driver, Rwanda has made as of 2011 a guideline as you see there made by the Ministry of Infrastructure that's outlining the different types of structures that are usable in Rwanda and one of them is urine, urine diversion, dry toilets, including reuse and that's also something that facilitates people in this region who are mainly considered as vulnerable to be able to use toilets that are functional and you can see there you can dig so deep so it's very rocky but it's a challenge. So in 2006 as part of the wash program UNICEF intervened in this area and rolled out fast that is participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation training and we can consider this as one of those triggering factors that made you know villages in some of these communities to you know create cooperatives to say that there are two cooperatives that I will be talking about today. The Dusukura Fast Cooperative which helps the poor households access human manual that is mainly an eco-sand as we call it ecological sanitation cooperative collects urine and physies and sanitizes the products and of course build eco-sand toilets and their objectives is to maintain sanitation and hygiene facilities in the village promote the use of sanitized human escalator in agriculture and there's also this Duharani Isuku, Isuku is hygiene cooperative which was also created which is responsible for maintenance of public facilities but I will be focusing mainly on Dusukura Fast which is an ecological sanitation cooperative so in 2006 and following that period UNICEF has been rolling out fast training amongst community members of TOT's training of trainer courses who come out and then roll out this training to the rest of the communities and there's also fast committees within these communities and of course it's the district wash team to support these committees. At schools we have what they call HAMS so it's what they use in schools and there's also committees in schools that are in charge of this and the UNICEF also facilitated the communities by donating some material donated UD slabs, urine diversion toilet slabs, urine pipes and jerry cans to some households and what we'll see later on is that most of the households that got it did not build the toilets as we'll see later so this cooperative since 2007-2008 has been led by two dynamic people mainly Everest there and Jacqueline who were part of the TOT that was rolled out they are considered champions and have been used as good examples in the community and mainly female members in this cooperative and there's a membership fee so you see the type of toilets they have we have double alternating volts there you see one volt here and there's another one when this one is full then they transfer to this one and then you have single volts just like this and then you have the public urine diversion dry toilets that have several volts and there are also baskets that they use sometimes because it's cheaper to get these baskets for collection and transportation which are sold locally and they've also organized themselves in a way that they can actually sell and buy these these products so you see there that they sell urine in jerry cans and they sell volts of fika compost and the crops that they produce in this in this community potato of course there's maize and there's cabbage so to understand exactly what agricultural inputs are used in this community we we did a as part of a survey household sanitation survey we found that a potato of course is the main crop and there's quite a lot of animal and chemical manure being used there human humanist crater as you see there mm-hmm humanist crater is is being used as well but quite minimal of maize you see also that it's animal animal only predominant predominant it's predominant and you have a lot of humanist crater also being used so it shows us that there is different combination of of fertilizers that are being used in the community by different farmers who carbate you see that there is more of human excreta used as fertilizer and there's also animal manure which is predominant as well as beings animal manure is predominant there and there is also a mixture of chemical and animal manure being used and a little bit of human manure we as part of this survey also we did collect information about income income and expenditure on toilets and we found that in those households with ecosystem the income is significantly higher total expenditure is significantly higher among burrera crop members cooperative members than among burrera pit latrine members as you can see there this blue we also did a similar survey in cabal in Uganda where we found that those having you urine diversion dry toilets also had higher expenditure on toilets and higher income the income is significantly higher among cabal ecosystem households than among cabal pit latrine households and a total capital expenditure is significantly higher among cabal so you see from this data that we we have a next higher expenditure in households having urine diversion toilets and the possibility of reuse than those with pit latrines so there's that shows that they have been able to use the benefits they derive from this activity to improve their standards we also looked at the governance at the household level looking at how gender division of labor is organized we find that in burrera in rwanda you see that men in the cooperative households are more often involved in cleaning and also women in ecosystem households are more take part in construction so you see that those those activities that you know perceived as male dominated often women are also doing that construction for example and cleaning which is a female thing male are also doing it in the cooperative household which is part of a you know the outcome of the training that took place in the community at the same thing in cabal we also find that men in the cabal ecosystem households participate in toilet cleaning as well and that is an interesting thing as you can see there is cleaning you see the more male year than in pit latrine households so that just data to show you that we've been looking at different trends in this community that is comparing of course ecosystem households with pit latrine households and we find there are significant differences in different activities and costs so after mentioning some of these champions in the community who have been behind some of these changes that have been talked a lot about in the borough district we find that there are three people Jacqueline Everest and Beatrice who have been leading this cooperative and who have actually seen a lot of changes in living standards Jacqueline here has been able to construct a home she didn't have a house before this is a compound most of this is a u d toilet behind there and she has actually all kinds of crops maize beings and all are not there and she is one of the success stories that is documented Everest is also one of them and then there is Beatrice who is also a success story so these are cases three cases out of many that I want to show you as testimonies of this another interesting recognition was the invitation that they got to exhibit their products at the Africa sand conference in 2011 so they came along with crops that are fertilized with human excreta and was this was exhibited all through Africa sand in Kigali so these cooperative phases challenges as I said they were trained in fast and other methods but with with productive sanitation it's not enough just to to learn about hygiene it's a whole system and possibly they had given them the tools but they didn't give them enough so there was inadequate support today coastal households in an inadequate understanding of the concept as a whole is a system and you can see the structure that some of the households got this is supposed to be urine diversion toilet without the roof and this is another one and you can see here that there is a urine correction that is poorly connected so you see from some of the households that they didn't understand very well what what they were doing some complaint of inefficient insufficient gerry cans insufficient wood ash to to add in toilets so you have odor that comes and some complain also blocked urine pipes and our partners in Kigali that is school of medicine and health sciences the former Kigali Institute have been doing studies in this community and they find that there is after testing some of the samples from this toilet they find there's a lot of pathogens in there so which means that this treatment is not sufficient as you see in 2006 2007 that's when the intervention in the wash intervention took place in the community and you see that there was a decrease there and then there's a slight increase here as well in 2009 now we don't know if this increase is as a result of maybe poor usage of the ecosystem products but it shows there that there is a slight increase and that confirms also with the kind of toilets we saw and the kind of treatment that they have because people start using this thing indiscriminately when they start seeing the products you know the of in their farms because the crops actually do well cabbages are growing bigger the maize are growing taller and so on and so people scoop fika matter that is not fully sanitized and using the farms and that's the common practice in the community and that's what we have to actually support them with so in terms of recommendation we think the cooperative needs sustained support in terms of information and tools which I think are not sufficient after being in the community since 2011 they are dynamic as we see there's change there's a recognition even within Rwanda and it's I think it's the kind of dynamism that they show I think the CACs would strive in the community of that kind we should encourage communities of this kind to of course create cooperatives with common vision self-help groups and so on and of course the champions in the community we have to identify them because Jacqueline for example ever is here these are people who could mobilize the whole community and they are very key in making things happen in these communities so that's the short presentation I had to share with you I would welcome some questions okay thank you we have time for one or two questions please you have to come up here yep just say who you are good presentation thank you I'm your short what follow I'm from South Africa I'm actually completing my masters in sustainable development at Uppsala University but I'm also a strategy consultant for business development in sub-Saharan Africa just a question firstly in terms of the yields on the produce using traditional methods of fertilization with with human excreta that's the first question the second question is you mentioned the pathogens which have been found in in some of the produce or in the soil is there a carryover from those pathogens into the agricultural produce if yes what what are the impacts of that thank you yeah thank you for that question that there is a the possibility that people get consume pathogens if crops are not properly cooked or washed and in the community of this kind where water is a limiting factor and the hygiene habits are not the best you find that people of course will will be easily contaminated so but there is what we call the multiple barrier approach where even if you grow crops you know with thicker matter you can actually treat them somehow you wash them and you cook them and so on but you cannot you know assure that this this kind of you know strategies are taking place in the community of this kind so there is a risk and not that the crop the the pathogens will go into the crops like the perception is in some of the communities that you're consuming thicker matter but the fact that you fertilize them and then you have the some of the pathogens still on you know for example vegetables that are consumed raw so aspects of washing aspects of cooking are very key in making sure that you reduce the risk of contamination and about the yields yeah the yields the yields are clear you know people in the this community testify they show you crops they show you farms they've done demonstration farms where you you find crops that are fertilized you saw there was a there was a wide variety of of fertilizers used as you saw there but they have done different demonstrations to show that you minus critter actually is is producing better than the others and you could see on cabbage big and fresh okay one question come on my name is my name is Gritje Zeeman waging University the Netherlands actually my question is related to the former questions on pathogens twofold it's known from practice and literature especially here in sweden that when you store urine that the pathogens are going back to zero is that promoted that urine is first stored before applied and secondly do you also advise on the type of excreta so urine or or visas for certain products because I can imagine that when you use tomatoes which grow high it's better to use the the visas because they will not get into contact with the with the products so I think you can improve there quite a lot yep yep yeah there are guidelines the WHO guidelines that you know stipulate things like that there's also a urine guideline that SCI has done which you know outlines the procedure of how to apply urine and on what crops and what quantity but there is in the community of this kind you need to be there which actually that's not the case there they have a little support from the watch team so they're most of the things they do on their own and they need some coordination they've when they once they start seeing that this thing is it's very productive they will do what they can to to actually improve their yield so it's actually important for for you know practitioners to be on the ground with with the community members you know to monitor their behavior their behavior for a while because it started nicely and then it it changed and as a year as of last week I was with one of the people from KHI former KHI and he said the government authorities actually turning down the whole thing so it means that they may be seeing some of the negative part of it and they want to shut it down there's a bit of a quite a bit of ignorance actually about this thing about pathogens if you if you have a community sharing feces that are either composted or not composted then you get cross transfer pathogens which can be foreign which can cause some form of disease within a family plot though there is already cross contamination if you're like a lone farmer you don't you can't get sick on your own feces so there's a lot of unknowns about these sorts of things but the WHO has done a great service 2006 to say that that urine storage should be for a community up to six months depending on the temperature so in fact I think now it's in practice going down to two months urine is not the source of pathogens of course it's rather sterile and that's where most of the nutrients are so if it's not cross contaminated of course so thank you Nelson for that


Welcome, everyone, and welcome, Nicola. Still on August 1, you can see that we've got a relatively big audience, which is indicative of us, because of closely people who have read Nicola's work over time. Nicola, it was born in Paris, and now lives in Washington. He's written, he's attached to Peterhead Institute, Peterson Institute. He also is one of the founding members of the Bruegel Institute of Brussels. He's written very extensively, particularly on areas around financial system, finance, financial reform. So thanks a lot for the first time. And it's a certain time I'm here at the Institute. I'm very honored, maybe, because the previous two were a fairly good discussion. And I'm looking forward to the discussion today. And that's actually the reason why I don't have a part-time presentation, because I keep my initial remarks pretty short, because I know that we can have a good conversation with the people in this room. So I guess the question is, what does Brexit mean, right? Like, in the seminar of the UK government today, I think they have a brainstorming, I read, which will be very interesting, I'm sure, for those who participate. So let me say a few things. I guess my main contention is that Brexit means hard Brexit, that I don't see a space for membership of the single market outside of the EU, for the United Kingdom, or England, or whatever, and it ends up being a lever. Why is that not only or even not primarily because of the often discussed issue of free movement of labor and migration? I think much more broadly, so single markets portray, at least in the UK press, as a sort of free trade agreement, but it's much more than a free trade agreement. It is a supranationalist thing. It always has been. It always will be. It has a supranational court. It has supranational enforcement. Actually, the more we go, the more supranational enforcement will have state financial services, which is the area in which most of my research is. And very few people in the UK actually has accepted supranational supervision of some financial institutions. It's a very limited set of market segments, specifying agencies and derivative trade repositories. By the way, I should probably disclose that I'm an independent board member of one of the derivatives trade repositories. The derivatives trade repositories are the arm of UCCC. But for those two market segments, SMA, the European Securities and Markets Authority, is the only supervisor in the European Union. And it supervises those two market segments also in the UK, in spite of being based in Paris. Why those two market segments? Because they weren't supervising for the crisis. So there was no established basis and no incumbent supervisors that would defend their turf, unlike for all the other supervised financial firms. But this is just to give an illustration of the fact that a single market, particularly but not only in regulated sectors like financial services, is much, much more than a free trade agreement and connected with this, a Brexit UK will not accept to be a member of the single market, even as leaving aside movement of people, they will not accept having to comply with rules that others have decided, which is what you have to do if you're in the EU. They will not accept the authority of the European Court of Justice. We saw that in the referendum campaign. They will not accept European supernational agencies based on the continent having binding enforcement powers on UK entities. So for example, you take the example I took, but this is my two examples. There are many bigger ones. Is the UK was interested in the market? That's not what we need as a provider of some financial firms into the UK. This is unacceptable for the UK, the British UK, especially if you assume, as I would, that going forward, there would be much more of that in the EU. What I'm mentioning for Esma was unthinkable the decade ago. It's like an existence notion of supernational supervision was dismissed by everybody as sort of a utopian fantasy. And I haven't even talked about banking union here. I'm talking about capital markets stuff. And we'll get much more of it. So for example, if you think of financial market infrastructure, also probably some fund regulation, maybe listing, authorizations, et cetera. So basically, to accept being in the single market without being in the EU, you have to be a country that accepts a lot of things, which typically are your country. I'm in Norway, became independent in 1905, as we were discussing at lunch, Iceland in 1944, Liechtenstein a bit before, but not much. And frankly, I mean, being French, I think of the similarity between England and France, which are deeply rooted in history. And the same way I couldn't imagine France accepting the discipline, I cannot imagine England. So basically, that's a very strong point because it organizes the discussion. If there is no space between being in the EU for the UK, between being in the EU and being outside of the single market, you have a pluralization of outcomes from the bulk of the current debate that still recognizes what I believe is a fantasy, which is there is something in between. So that's the main point I wanted to make as an introduction. Now, if you accept that pluralization, that means that you can sort of play with a more limited number of scenarios than, again, what you read in most of the debates these days. And I'm not saying there wouldn't be EVA for on a temporary basis. I'm just saying EVA or an EVA-like solution is not something that can be permanent. So in terms of the permanent scenario, well, you still have a scenario of reversal. I believe that would require a certain referendum. Certainly not on the cards now. Who knows what the political situation in the UK will be in one, two, three, four, five years. So I think that cannot be ruled out. And that's important because that means that a number of firms which are in the UK will not make irreversible business decisions to leave the UK or downgrade the position of the UK in their global strategies until the elimination of that reversal scenario. So basically, we have a holding pattern, not for holding communications, but for some, including some important economic agents because of the possibility of reversal. This applies probably to the large financial firms in the city. I think one reason why we have seen little decisions by large financial firms to re-adocate in the future or existing investments outside of London to the rest of the UK is deciding because they believe there is a distinct possibility of the exit decision being reversed. And in that case, it doesn't make sense to motocross in relocation or re-adocation. That's perverse, of course, because it means the downside of Brexit don't materialize, which means the UK can continue to have a political debate based on the fantasies that Brexit can be painless. But I think that's a reality. So life is perverse sometimes. And the other scenario is hard Brexit outside of the single market. Obviously that's very disruptive for the UK economy, particularly for the city of London. And if you do believe, like I do, that the state of London has been the main engine of UK growth and prosperity over the last two decades, that has profound implications for the UK. Of course, the city of London will remain the largest financial center in not only the U, but in its time zone, broader council. EMEA, if you will, Europe, Middle East and Africa for the foreseeable future because there's so much ahead of any possible competitors. So even if you think that the city declines in relative or even in absolute terms, and some new competitors takes up very dynamically, even in that assumption, it will take some time for the two lines to cross. So the city's dominance is not immediately challenged, but it challenges the city's dynamism and growth. And I think it would be severely challenged if the UK was to confirm a Brexit from the single market. Why is that? Obviously a number of activities are passport dependent, and they would have to migrate. But that's a relatively, it's an important, but relatively small share of total activity of the large financial firms that defines the city. Let's say for the sake of argument that it's somewhere between 15 and 25% quickly, which I think is not entirely absurd or of magnitude. But the point is, if you're the UK affiliate of the large global financial firms, let's say a US financial firm, it's a one-stop shop, right? You have Jake Morgan International, Sidney International, Goldman Sachs International, Morgan Stanley International, Bacro International, in the UK, they do all sorts of different activities in that legal entity. So they mutualize a lot of business lines, risks, exposures within that entity. And that's a network effect that has favor concentration of financial activity in the city, very powerfully over the last two, three decades. So my convention here is that if you take a significant chunk out of it, there's an incentive to take all of it out of London because of the same network effect, because of the same powerfully business incentive to locate a huge mix of activities in one single entity. I'm not saying in one single location, because it might be that these activities would be scattered in different places in the eurozone or EU, but in one single legal entity or business entity basically in one supervised entity. And if that's correct, even partly, that means that this network effect that has been so powerful, basically the best friend of the city of London over the past two, three decades would become the city's most impeccable enemy. And the reason for that is that I cannot imagine that there is no single place in the other 27 member states that may compete with London to attract these sort of activities in other terms. I'm not very bullish on Paris. I'm not usually bullish on Frankfurt, but I think if you take them all together, including of course Dublin, but also Luxembourg-Einstreet, I'm very important, Vienna, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Barcelona, you name it, you will, Edinburgh, it's not on the leaves of the UK, but let's talk about this separately maybe. There will be at least one and probably several that can eat the city's language in that sense and become the whole base for those pan-European entities that currently are located in the United Kingdom. So this argument about the network effect, I think, is what would make me lose more sleep if I was a bricklayer. And of course, with the city, come a number of professional services and a number of free politics. So I think the scenario of Brexit is a scenario of how Brexit, it's a very negative scenario for the UK. It will take time for those points, which I'm sure will be controversial here and not a matter of universal consensus. It will take time for those points to trickle down into a UK debate. And after all, if you believe that Article 50 may be triggered in April 2017, which we know now is a very earliest possible date under current circumstances, only one fifth of the time has lapsed since the referendum of the period between the referendum result and the triggering of Article 50, which is to say it's very, very early days in the UK debate. A lot of things are going to happen. A lot of things already have happened. I think none of us could exactly predict. But a lot of things, including strength things, will happen in the UK. The referendum result itself revealed undercurrents in the UK, public and voting opinion is that surprise, maybe not every one of us, but many of us, and it is true that there was a campaign of lies, but anybody who wanted to think through the consequences of Brexit had enough information available. And the fact that 50% of the voting public went for a lack of self-harm in my view, and in the view of many experts, as Michael Goff holds them, is something that I think we have to take very seriously in terms of what that means for the UK as a... For the UK political dynamics going forward in other terms, as Philip Stevens wrote, in the FTE, in the string of articles before the vote, the referendum was a test of whether the UK was still the pragmatic nation that we think, or that we used to think of it as being, and at this point, the result of the test is that it no longer is. So what does that mean for the rest of Europe? There are all sorts of ideas and proposals floating around. I think the basic fact is that so far we haven't seen political contagion. So at this point, we haven't seen, in any measurable way, the forces of your skepticism or anti-EU politics being strengthened by the UK referendum result. If anything, maybe the opposite, but the indicators are not very reliable, but that there is no evidence of political contagion, which is something that might not have been taken for granted, and so that's an important post-referendum observation that makes it even more likely that the exit negotiation will happen without treaty change, so it's a very likely position of the EU, even though there will always be this or that, national leaders saying otherwise, will be that treaty change may happen one day, but it's not before the UK exit is negotiated. And that's very important, because that rules out all sorts of fence solutions you can see now, because if you keep the current treaty, you really don't have that much marching of discretion in terms of the sort of middle-way scenarios between outside of the single market and inside the EU. So that means probably Article 50, even though that's not entirely certain, but I think it's very likely. And we know the features of Article 50, which is that once it's triggered, it's actually not good to be able to receive and are being so country-meaning, because Article 50 is basically engineered to make life very painful for the country that is. So that's gonna be interesting. I don't see an indication at this point that there will be any great leap forward of integration to the EU as a reaction to Brexit, nor do I see an indication that there will be any great leap backward of disintegration or unraveling the aware forces of both integration and disintegration quite powerful into a period before the UK vote. We will need one example of integration. Banking union is very transformational. We had the discussion this morning at the central bank, and I think banking union does make a difference even though it's obviously not complete. And on the forces of disintegration, obviously, they get today in the press, so I don't have to explain on this, but basically there is a rise of anti-system politics into the EU as in much of the rest of the world, and this anti-system politics often takes a form of anti-EU even so that's not universal. So that's obviously a matter of concern for the EU itself. And even so actually when you look at it, the loss of trust in national governments is at least as big as the loss of trust in EU institutions, but there is a general loss of trust in institutions and so the EU has to face this as a threat. So I think for the EU, we can discuss this or that policy and I have to discuss especially those that relate to the financial sector because that's my area of specific focus, but for the EU, at this point it's broad in business that we show no revolution in the EU from Brexit, while Brexit is a revolutionary event in the UK, so there's a little bit of an asymmetry in the sense and that would cover obviously the negotiation. Probably I should stop there and open it up.


Climate change has become a huge issue lately to the point where it's not only rocking the world of science but politics as well. Yet many people are still unaware of what climate change is and what some of the potential implications are. So in this video we'll be going over the basic concept of climate change. The Sun's rays take roughly eight minutes to travel that 93 million mile distance to Earth where it will light up our beautiful skies. The thing is that the Sun doesn't just release those golden rays of light we see in the morning. It releases radiation in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum like UV or the infrared radiation we feel in the form of heat. Sometimes the emitted infrared radiation will be reflected back into space when it hits Earth but other times that reflected infrared radiation can be trapped by a layer of gas in our atmosphere called greenhouse gases which typically consists of water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, and most infamously carbon and carbon dioxide. Imprisoned by that pesky greenhouse gas the infrared radiation is nowhere else to go and remains on Earth where it begins to heat up the planet. A phenomena we have come to call global warming. Global warming can have many implications. For example it can melt glaciers which can result in sea levels rising. It can also cause more evaporation leading to more precipitation which can change the weather patterns in certain areas causing to become wetter or drier. This change in overall weather patterns in certain regions is called climate change. Climate change isn't just wreaking havoc via droughts and rising sea levels. In Siberia for example the permafrost is now thawing out and may potentially release many bacteria and viruses that are trapped inside. Of course that's just one of the many problems we're facing now. In our climate change series we'll be taking a look at the more complicated consequences of climate change as well as some of the solutions scientists are working on to give our blue rock a second chance. So be sure to hit that subscribe button and most importantly don't forget to stay tuned for more science videos.


Hello everyone. Welcome to our last session in track 2, which will be led by Birgit Bowli-Huck. Birgit is a publisher of Gutenberg Times, a site with news around WordPress blog editor and beyond. She hosts regular Gutenberg Live questions and answers YouTube and the podcast Gutenberg Change Log. Birgit has been contributing to the WordPress open source project since 2014 and contributes now full-time sponsored by Automatic. After 25 years living in Florida and 20 years running a web agency, she and her husband of 31 years moved back to Munich to be closer to their families. So, what Birgit will be talking about is how to customize the blog editor for client projects. Not every project needs custom development blogs to provide a great blog editor experience for your clients and their use cases. You also don't need to be a Javascript to make adjustments to the WordPress core experience. It certainly helps you to grow gradually into it. In this talk, we will discuss tools and methods for developers to curate the editor experience. Attendees learn about the nature of blog JSON and deem JSON, when to use the blog styles and block variations. We will also cover server and client-side filters with examples and resources to learn more. After Birgit finishes her session, we will have questions and answers and to start with Birgit, here's the floor. Thank you very much. Thank you so much, Maya. I think we have in the description a little bit too much for half an hour, so we're probably not getting to all of it, but what you're going to be walking away with is a list of resources that help you go down the rabbit hole about the things that you're interested in. Yes, well, I think I need to change my bio because all these numbers, they add up to, well, this woman is old. It's not the experience anymore, so yeah. But I'm really happy to connect with the German community, and I don't want to apologize for speaking English. It's easier for me with the technical topic, but if you have questions later on, yeah, you definitely can ask them in German, and I will, if I can, ask Einstein in German. So the slides are on the Bitly, I don't have a QR code. I only have a Bitly link. It's very succinct. So it's Bitly and then WCDE23, and you can follow along if you want to. So when I started working in the agency starting to implement the block editor for client projects, I had all the various reactions that you probably encountered too, but I found that the more I talked positive about it, the more the client also wanted to explore it. And of course, I also had people who wanted, no, don't change anything. We have our workflows fine, and yeah, please don't change anything. But I had two project managers who said, you know what, switch it on and we'll see what happens. And our editors will be fine. Just make our colors, the design colors from our brand, make them available through the color editor, and then we should be fine. And then some people, so I realized that's actually only small changes would be, people would be able to use the block editor, even with the classic themes or there, the current theme, because we were told, and most of it was true that the block editor works out of the box. Of course, when you are very opinionated about the design, you bump up against the opinion nation, up against the opinions of the developers and the designers of the block editor, but that's a different story. And we're still doing that.  And even level four is for someone who does PHP and comes from that world can modify the block editor only on level five when you want to use React to customize or create custom blocks. You need quite some JavaScript and dive into the new world of Gutenberg or the block editor. So that's what we're going to do. I'm going to talk. I talk about all the levels, but I will dive a little bit deeper into the less code variations like the style and controls, how to block patterns and then adding block styles. And then for the other ones, I'll give you resources where we can talk about it in a Q&A. So that began. So level one was that use case. I want the brand colors in the color editor. And then the question is, do you still want the custom colors so users can create colors or create color combinations? Or is that too far into the design of your editors? And so that looks like this. So here is a modified text color palette with the brand colors. And then there's a custom color. And if you don't want them, you use the same JSON. And that dates how old the slide is actually. And you just use the settings color and then custom false. That would switch off that custom color thing. And you could do that with all that. But the first thing that I did when we switched over was test the theme. And do all the blocks show up nicely? Or do we have to do smaller styling changes? And I used a gist and have also make that available to everybody. We have a number of blocks in code view. And then you can add it to a post and then see how the theme reacts. And so I did this with underscore. Yeah. Do we get this? Yeah. So this is the gist in block form. And that is a cover block, an image block, gallery block. It all displays fine. Wow. Yeah. And then the quote, pull glow first buttons in all kind of variations. So I use that to just test the theme. Maybe a client theme that they're already using on the production side or on the test side. Or I used one of the other themes. And so this theme worked very well. And then there was another client project and that was a theme from 2007. And that didn't work that well. So there was, yeah, going back, you know, see here the text kind of blends in, there's some styling to be done. But it wasn't too bad. It was just a few things that needed to be adjusted to make it also work on a very old theme. Yeah, that's now here. The big things, pink fonts didn't work well, the sideline line height. But so if you ever have that situation that you have a client who wants to try out the block editor and you don't know how that works, or if the theme, feel free to use that gist on GitHub and link this here. And you get the whole raw thing. And if you, the pictures are public. So if you put them in your post, you will see the pictures if you want to replace them. Yeah, feel free, of course. But where's my computer? Who gets lost on their computer? I do. But that's a different level. Sorry. So if you have a block theme that a client wants to use, it's very, that whole process of testing blocks is now built into the site editor. With version 6.3. You don't have to, you go to site editor and then to style and then you get, this is a whole set of blocks where you have the test blocks, the text block media, design, rigid theme block. And even the custom blocks that come with your plugins, you can see how they work. And you can also change them in the site editor, the general or, I just wanted to point that out that that's the next generation of testing a theme and the blocks in a theme. The next one. So custom color palette, we talked about it. You have two steps. If you are not using a block theme, or if you're not using theme JSON, you have one, you need to put the custom color scheme into your functions PHP. And then of course, that's on the left hand side, where you just name them, give them a name, give them a slug, and a color to it. And then on the right hand side is the style CSS representation of those blocks. So it's a lot of duplication kind of thing. And if you use the theme JSON, you just do it in one file in the theme JSON under settings color palette. And then it automatically creates the CSS for it. So that is relatively easy. Now, when the classic and classic themes can use the theme JSON for those customizations. To disable custom colors, every feature that comes into WordPress also needs an off button. And that is add theme report to your functions PHP and then disable underscore custom colors. And as I said before, you can use it in the theme JSON as well. And then the custom color link is gone. The same with the font sizes, you can switch off custom font sizes for your clients or for the client site.  And you find them in the theme JSON. If you use a theme that you got from somebody else or that you take over as a contractor or so, that's where you find those custom fonts. There are multiple ways now with the theme JSON to curate the editor experience. And you can all do this so I put this, this is from the documentation on WordPress.org. How you switch off the background color for settings for blocks, like custom blocks, or like group blocks or cover blocks, dual tone. Dual tone is a nice way to put a filter on your pictures, but not everybody wants them the same with gradients or default gradients or the default palette, the same with the typography. You can switch off the drop cap from the paragraph one or there are no controls for transform decoration and all that. You can switch off all those controls and then it makes it less prone to changes by your clients or editors of clients here. So, but there are other methods to do and Fabian had quite a few also talked about the locking of blocks and the content only editing for patterns. So, that certainly I would recommend that you watch that part of Fabian's talk. There's also a link in the slide that gets you on the documentation pages. There's one, just look for or search for curating the editor experience and that comes up very fast in the search engine. So, you can provide controls and options, default controls and options. You can limit the interface options with the same JSON settings. You can also disable inherited default layout and limit options globally or per block. That's that and every use case is different, but it's actually relatively fast to accomplish that. So, level two is block patterns and patterns is a collection of core blocks, could also be custom blocks that are available to the editor through the insert. On the left hand side, you have a big blue button plus you click on this, you have a tab, one is the blocks, the other one are patterns and the third one is media and the patterns show up there. So, patterns can come from the pattern directory and I don't know if you saw that, but there is now a new drop-down box here that says curate it. That is, some of the blocks are kind of looked for, curation means a designer looked through them and marked them kind of, these are higher quality kind of thing or these are kind of interesting patterns in all of the categories. So, you can see post, post means query loop, galleries, contractions, banners and headers, patterns, wireframe patterns that you can get from the pattern directory on wordpress.org slash pattern. And you just copy paste them into your post or pages, then patterns can come in with your theme and then you can also have custom made patterns that an editor or a user of WordPress can now create in the interface, in the site editor, since 6.3. So, the current version has that we can build patterns now, yes. So, just so if you haven't seen it yet, these are some kind of patterns from the pattern directory. To create pattern, it's all in PHP, but only one set of, it's a very low-key PHP. You register a block pattern, you give it a namespace and then a name, and then you put in a title, a description, a category and then you can use the content that you created with a site editor, a post editor, copy pasted in here. And then these are patterns we created for a foundation site, one with a picture on the right and the other one with the picture on the right, but the text was all formatted. You can do it with no code, there are two, if you're not on 6.3 yet, you can use it with Jean-Paul Pistodras, the core committer has a plugin and the editor's kit from Accentify also has a, no, it's not Accentify anymore, sorry, but Moonier-Kamal also has a huge selection of patterns and page layouts. I also have some favorite themes with patterns, one is Tobi by Anders Noren, the other one is Ano by Elmer Studio and then of course the 2024, if you haven't seen it yet. Take a look at it, it's a really fabulous default theme to come with 6.4, which is maybe three weeks away to hit your WordPress instance near you. Then there's a whole documentation about patterns and then WP Tavern had an article kind of patterns which changed everything, very opinionated, but I agree with Fabian when he said this morning that the patterns came actually made the use for custom blocks, simple custom blocks, you don't use them anymore because you can do patterns. There's a switch in terminology, so first when I talked about patterns, people asked me, are you talking about reusable blocks?  Okay, you put them once and then you put them in multiple posts and every time it's the same content, but when you change it on one post, it changes all the other instances as well. So it's actually opposite of a pattern, a pattern when you put it into the post or page, it stops existing as a pattern, it's just a collection of blocks and then you can change it and you're not messing up somebody else's post or something like that. Now, because from the idea it's actually the same, it's just kind of the, so the name change was now reusable block and now patterns, synced patterns in opposed to other patterns, unsynced patterns in the 10 minutes. Okay, let's go faster. Well, the other part is that we are working on or the developers are working on partially synced patterns so that you can define certain places where you can say, okay, sync this but not that. I'm really curious how that is going to turn out. So level three is add block styles and block styles are the things that you see under the style section and we also know that doesn't scale that well. There was actually a drop down where you can set something at default that has gone, is gone now. You cannot say this is default unless you use code and then block variations or blocks that show up in the insert. What you can do now with styles is you can say, okay, show it in the transform manual. So if you have a separator in a certain way and you want to transform it in another, you don't have to open the sidebar, you just can use the transform section there. So this is a style with hand drawn frames around an image and this is an example from Justin Tatlock. He had a post on the developer block and that's how that's pretty much the code of it. You add an action and you have the function and then register block style with a name, a label and you could do inline styles and the inline style is if you're very good at CSS, you can write this right now and you have a new style. So it's four or five lines of code and you have, give your editors a new way of having an image drawn or having a button outline or something like that and there's another attribute that you could use here and that says is default yes or no and if it's yes, then it kind of turns this style into the default style and it's always the same. I have a theme where I have a separator style but it's not the default one. So every time I use a separator, I have to go to the sidebar and select the style. So I could go into the code, change the little thingy there and add is default into it. And of course, you can also unregister core block styles if you say, well, I don't want rounded images in my website ever. You can unregister those or unregister hand drawn or something like that with two, three lines of code in your functions PHP. Block variations and that's where I'm kind of going a little faster now. So you can have block variations like in the columns when you select the columns block, you see the five, six different variations blank, three column, 70, 30 kind of switch, two columns and those are variations that are offered to you. Or you have a block that's intro, it's called intro that looks like this.  It's built on top of core blocks. So there is, we have a few proliferation of terms that are not always clear what they are because people talk about block style variations.  It's a different function but there are also style variations that you get with themes where you can have a separate theme JSON that change everything from your theme into different fonts, different colors and all that and you see it in the site editor. So it's really important to kind of go in there and read the documentation definitely and to get familiar with that. On the developer blog, there is an introduction to block variations. It's a nice tutorial that you can, who knows about the developer blog? That's a third I would say. So there is on there, I'm going to go there now. I'm sorry, that's you earned it. Oops, if I can, if my ever lets me. Okay, so developer.work slash news and that's a developer blog and it's relatively new. It went online in November where it went out of beta in March. So we have, and that's the latest post, what's new for developers and then tutorials, how WordPress developers can keep their users safe, HTML API, process your tags, not your pain. Fabian talked about the HTML API, understanding block attributes. That was a really eye opener for me. And then you can go to see all posts and look through it. And there's a tutorial after tutorial, adding and using custom settings for your theme, Jason, introduction to block variations, anatomy of a, yeah, it's done design, the letter form. And then there is a series beyond block styles from test by Justin Tedlocks. And he goes from the problem that you have that the styles do not scale well in the sidebar to putting all the styles on a button and then make that available. Yeah, kind of that's the, that's what you get is kind of a separated bar that you can select from a button on your toolbar and then it gives you a different sidebar. So these are all great examples. Let's go back to the slide because I might have more for you. So these are all links about block style, block variation, block filters. And then level four, there are three block plugins where you can an ACF, everybody probably knows advanced custom fields. There's also one from Genesis custom blocks that was previously block bar where you can and they're all the same. They have your fields to put in or fields where you can put in content or and then you can create the template in PHP for rendering those fields in the block editor and everything else is kind of abstracted behind the scenes. That's how advanced custom fields pro does it custom blocks, formal block lab. And there's another plugin called lazy blocks who uses actually very scripting tools to for you as a developer to create the template for the front end of that. There was a very old article, but it's still because it was so basic, so relevant to kind of compare the three on the WP Tavern that you can check out. And then level five is definitely great custom blocks. That's where a lot of people kind of migrate over from ACF to, okay, interface wise, it's probably easier or better to use custom blocks. There's a great block tutorial and then learn wordpress.org. So the website has several courses. One is the introduction to custom block development, how to convert a shortcut to block. That's more like the strategic approach on that. It's not, it's not an automation conversion. How to use the wordpress data layer, registering block patterns, of course, and then more block development. And then I have a selection of articles that cover all that on the developer block dot wordpress.news. There's a lot of work to be done, but I think that we do a better job than before in the documentation to create some tutorials that are really real life examples that you can use in your day-to-day development learning or getting to custom blocks. And that's pretty much it. Stay in touch. My WordPress Slack and Twitter DMs are open. It's all under at BPH. You can also catch me via email or via the Twitter account of the Gutenberg Times. I also share the link to the podcast and to the subscription. And this is the podcast 92 that just came out with Joni Chalabi. And then we have the slides out. So this was it. We all in time. Wow, that was fast. Thank you so much. Do you have questions? This was amazing. I have tons of questions, but I'm going to start here. So we have the first question here. Totally agree with you. Next question was, I think, here, or you? Hi. The one who won the microphone. Question about block styles. So just to catch up on the title again before clients. For us, the use case is also very often that we reduce the block editor as much as possible, so that the customer can use it in BrainDead, let's say, in order to keep the CE. What we do there, for example, is when the core button block is cut very, very, very hard in front of us and then stuffed with block styles that then take care of color palettes and hair effects and such stuff. Do you know if something comes up with 6.4 or later? Or do you have another approach that you would recommend? Or is that your, in my opinion, the way? Which part? Which part? Because, yes, maybe the pants. Now start and remove the option of block styles, defined or variations, I mean, to make it a little safer, or maybe it wouldn't be better to let the core things be and put more on custom blocks. I think the core blocks have the advantage that all new features then come with the core block, had a disadvantage that all new features then have to be switched off again. If you don't want to, I totally see that. But what I also see is that what Fabian said, that you can't combine the styles you have. You can't take a blue button with a pink circle, if you know that, it just doesn't work. So you have to do a third style again, and that all goes hand in hand. I'm not sure, I had the impression that you would think about how to make style combinations, but I haven't seen a prototype yet or something like that. So that would help a lot of people. Mm-hmm, yeah, yeah. But that's not in the style thing anymore, it's in a separate sidebar. And that's where the user interface is a little bit wooden. Totally, totally. I asked my question in English. You showed many snippets with PHP code to add or delete styles, variations, all of that. Do you still need PHP for that or is this already possible in a theme jason or will it be possible in the future with the theme jason? Vieles ist schon machbar in the theme jason, auf jeden Fall. Also, das Abschalten von den custom settings, das ist beides gleich. Aber hier benutzt theme jason in the classic themes. So they also need a way to do it in PHP. That's why I've showed it both. And when you look at some of the more complex themes, you see there's a lot of code in the functions PHP that takes care of block variations or block styles or even custom blocks. Now, I think it was in 6.2 where the barrier to have blocks and themes has been removed. So because many, many agencies do bespoke themes and there is no reason to have the block separate from the theme. And yeah, there's a lot of PHP code in them. I think PHP is still with us for a long time. Yeah, I recognize that 2023 didn't have a functions PHP and 2024 has a functions PHP, not for a lot of things, but it calls like some of the new things are not in the theme jason yet. Or might not ever be. Because as the developers approached, they put it in theme jason first and then create the interface. And then and that's also the part where they do it in PHP. But if it's not in theme jason, then they also need no interface. Yeah, it's kind of, yeah. And yes, I'm not sure if I'm answering your questions. I have two small questions. One is, do you have a theme jason generator, which can help people like me to write the theme jason? And the second question is, what about sort of styles like before and after? If you just have one line of inline style, is there a way to use before and after? Yeah, sure. Inline style is not the only way to create block styles. You can also have in the registration a file that goes a list of file that has all the styles that you need separately. So you need to go through the documentation and then can have any style that you any CSS that you need for your style put in that separate file that gets loaded when the block is loaded on front end and on in the editor. Does it make sense? Not sure. But maybe afterwards, it's okay. So, well, if it's not clear for you, it's not clear for anybody. All right, we have one more question. Yeah, right. Just not killed. Thank you very much for your speech. Yeah, I want to ask in German. I hope it's okay. Absolutely. In react, how about? And the nachträglich, when the bloke platziert sind umendert entsteht halt dieser bekannte fehler was leider anders nicht handhabbar ist sozusagen, dass der block unarbeitet bearbeitet wurde. Daher meine Frage war nicht persönlich, wie gehst du damit um? Wenn man halt einmal ein Kundenprojekt mit der Save Funktion gemacht hat und nachträglich irgendwelche Änderung machen müsste. Und am Ende der Kunde sich dann beschwert, zum Beispiel, dass die ganze blöcke im Becken kaputt gegangen sind. Also ich habe einmal eine schlechte Erfahrung gesammelt. Deswegen ist meine also persönlich nämlich immer die Dynamic Blocks. Aber ich würde gerne mal deine Meinung dazu erfahren, wie du damit umgehst. Ja, ich bin damit. Also man hat eigentlich immer propagiert, dass Static Blocks kommen. Und dass diese Veränderung ist, da gibt es dann ein separates tool, das heißt also a deprecation of blocks and you need to kind of what's expected on the save block and what's new kind of thing and that needs to cover. I've never really understood that so the dynamic block it is. Yeah, because that's really hard to, a lot of people really understand it, but I don't that much. So I don't really assume, but there is a post on this developer blog about deprecation. And that can definitely help you with that particular case to when I would find here is block deprecation a tutorial. And Michael did a fabulous job to take it from progressive enhancement, so to speak, from a simple example to a more complex one that you have to put in in the build a deprecation.js. And then you have all the variations from your block be registered. And so the editor can read that too. It's, yeah, yeah, yeah. Total get it. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, it's, that's it. So the, the learner folge is that I'm a good man and I'm a land man. Yeah. Do we have more questions or we're sleeping here tonight? I can't, I have to get the shuttle bus. All right. Well, thank you. Yeah, thank you Berget for the session we had. It was a true pleasure having you today. Well, thank you. It was great pleasure and see you.


Hello and welcome to the session. Let us understand the following question which says, the total revenue in rupees received from the sale of X units of a product is given by Rx is equal to 3x square plus 36x plus 5. The marginal revenue when X is equal to 15 is A 116 B 96 C 90 or D 126. Now let us proceed on to the solution. It is given to us that Rx is equal to 3x square plus 36x plus 5, where Rx is the total revenue. Now differentiating Rx with respect to X we get dy dx of Rx is equal to 6x plus 36. Here we have to find the marginal revenue when X is equal to 15. Therefore dy dx of Rx at X is equal to 15 is equal to 6 multiplied by 15 plus 36, which is equal to 19 plus 36, which is equal to 126. Hence the required and the correct option is D. Therefore D is the required answer. I hope you understood this question. Bye and have a nice day.


What's good y'all it's your boy Ross back out again with another video. So I Got a chance to check out backlash to be honest with you. The only match. I really truly cared about seeing was Randy Orton versus Edge and you know, they've been coining it as the greatest wrestling match ever Which before we get into my thoughts on that match I'm really gonna need WWE to chill out on just trying to force things WWE is known to try to force things. They'll run with something and then they'll run it into the ground This is a situation where it didn't even allow the fans to come up with that You forced it and it doesn't come off genuine. That's the only thing I did not like about this whole Like this whole situation this this match the promos were fantastic, but it's like They were forcing the greatest match ever line even edge even mentioned it in one of his promos leading up to this match Like I don't you you're setting yourself up for expectations that is you know, it's not realistic Because when you think of great matches, they never set it up as this is gonna be the greatest wrestling match ever they just had a great match the feud built it itself and People gave it that moniker or this is one of the greatest matches ever So that's the one thing I can say I'm not a big fan of about this whole feud Well, just this part of the feud is WWE's Involvement and trying to force that down people's throat. I think that's very cringy. I just don't like that But that's really the only thing I cared about on this on this show to be honest with you I'm keep it a buck. That's probably the only thing I watched and I will say this Was it the greatest match ever? No But it was a really good main event match. It's the perfect match to end the show It was enjoyable as hell and I will also say Edge did his thing He deserves a round of applause. This was really his first Wrestling match back in the WWE Since his return and it was fantastic. He it's like he never really lost a step. It was it was enjoyable, man I like the fact that This match wasn't just built off of the RKO in the spear This match was more so built off of just their wrestling like knowledge the fact they were using moves They haven't done in a very long time. Hell, they started using other wrestlers finishers Which I've never really seen. I've seen it, but they literally was using other wrestlers finishers like Randy Orton hit Edge with a pedigree That's When was the last time? Randy Orton is used to pedigree, you know I'm saying and Edge hit Randy Orton with a rock bottom. I'm like, what is what's going on here? And I like it because they didn't Rely too much on the RKO and it didn't rely too much on Edge's spear. So I like it was more focused on other things I like that there was some some some blood there. I thought adding a little bit of color was nice I believe it was on the headbutt spot when it was on the one of the turnbuckles and he Edge hit Randy Orton with a headbutt and It busted him open nicely There's there's no wrong with using a little bit of blood here and there doesn't have to be Crazy like it used to be you know I'm saying shout out to Ric Flair We used to just blade ridiculously and be just pools of blood everywhere, but you know It wasn't it doesn't have to be like that just you know, it adds a little bit of believability These guys are going at it and it was enjoyable now. There's another thing. I got to mention Then I'm not a big fan of when it came to this match WWE is So Involved sometimes it takes away the luster of the match the fact that they were piping in Crowd chants like I know it was already pre-recorded, but they added like some like Crowd noise to it because of course, it's not that many people there But they were adding like stadium crowd noises. I don't like that. I don't like that I thought that was kind of kind of cringe. It was it was kind of weird. I'm like, yo You could have just had the regular few people that was there to beat the crowd I get it once again. This was already pre-recorded. So they added some stuff, but it was kind of weird They had the little Howard Finkel situation as him being the announcer for both wrestlers Rest in peace to Howard Finkel one of the greatest ring announcers of all time it was it I get the I get the Sentimental value that adds to this match to coin it as one of the greatest wrestling matches You have to have one of the greatest wrestling You know announcers to introduce a match like this, but I just Me personally, I wouldn't a big fan of that touch So, you know comment down below if y'all like that touch it for me I wouldn't a big fan of it, but I get why they did it. It was just for me I wasn't big fan of that but um, I Don't know man. I just feel like WWE should just let things be more organic if you let it be more organic It comes off more believable But besides that the match was enjoyable. I enjoyed it. It was very hard hitting very intense I like the storytelling that they would tell him within the match I like the fact that these guys know each other and Edge was trying to go for his shoulders because you know Randy Orton has had some Medical issues with his shoulders. I believe he's had surgery done on both of them and vice versa Randy Orton was going for edges, you know his head and neck region. I like that I like the storytelling involved and if you guys remember Leading up to this match. I want to say a few weeks ago when they were having some of the greatest Not greatest, but they were having some of the best promos on raw at the time Building up to this match. I said and I called this I think Randy Orton is going to be in a situation where he can't put Edge away Edge is going to surpass his expectations And he's going to have to cheat to win and that's exactly what happened. It's two RKO's didn't even put him out two of them he kicked out of two RKO's Edge put Randy Orton and his submission hold that he's been using lately, which I do like and He hit him with a quick low blow ref didn't see it. It was very quick and then He pulled out the punt kick and it was so crazy to see that because I just watched the video Did a reaction on this channel to? Randy Orton using the punt kick and he hasn't really used it in a very very long time And he actually used it this time and it put Edge away and I like the story there because I called it Randy Orton is going to get frustrated He's going to use a a heel tactic to win the match without the referee knowing and I think it's going to set up a third match or the rubber match it has to because Edge can definitely Use this footage like yo you cheated Randy You didn't beat me fair and square because you couldn't get the job done So you had to cheat there needs to be at least one more match in my opinion because this is one of those feuds it can It's been going on since before WrestleMania. It's a a feud that's believable. They are carrying this feud It's honestly one of the only good things on the raw side of the raw side of the WWE so why not continue this feud and I think I'm not sure what the next match would be You know, I would like to get your guys opinion on that What you think the match the next match should be because it's not gonna be a typical wrestling match It got it has to be something else that relates to both wrestlers So I would be interested to get your guys opinion Do y'all think there will be a third match and what it should be, you know, but definitely the outcome I figured that was gonna happen I didn't see them going with edge winning because then the feud would be done Like the feud would be over. But like there's no point of having this feud because it's just be him twice He beat him in the wrestling match and he beat him at WrestleMania So for me wasn't the greatest wrestling match ever, but it was enjoyable. So once again, like I said, do you Do you guys wanted to be do you guys want a third match? And if you guys were to want a third match out of these guys one more match What would be the stipulation, you know, and also I want to get your guys opinion on Backlash as a whole once again, I didn't really watch all of it because I didn't care. I just cared about this match So let me know what's y'all thoughts on this whole this backlash as a whole that you guys enjoy it Obviously, I think a lot of people's favorite match was this match And you know, I just want to start a discussion down in the comment section below But just a little quick my quick little review on just this match as a whole. I enjoyed it They exceeded my expectations, but they didn't just blow it out of the water for me to say It's the greatest wrestling match ever, but it was definitely enjoyable I want to get your guys thoughts and opinion. I appreciate all the love and support road to 20k You already know it is more videos on the way. Appreciate y'all kicking with me. See y'all next one. Peace