And welcome to the Adafruit Show and Tell. We're your hosts this week. I'm No Anne, that's Pedro. We're hanging out. So this is the Adafruit Show and Tell. This is the best place to show off your awesome DIY electronic 3D printing projects. I'm gonna take a couple minutes to check out some of the Adafruit peeps and some guests. And then we'll turn it over to the community. If you want to get invited, head over to discord.gg slash Adafruit. We have the StreamYark link in there and show off your awesome project. Go ahead and start off with Jay from Digikey. Jay! Hey! How goes it? What's up? All right, so I built this recently. Literally just finished it today. This is actually a Christmas gift for a friend of mine. It's using the playground, a circuit playground here and plays a little tune, lights up and the gears rotate when given the right movement. There we go. It gets stuck sometimes, but it's a pretty much a custom like music box that I thought was just really pretty. Oh, okay. Looks like a terrarium of some sort. Yeah, I was gonna go for like a magical forest fade type of look to it.  Oh yeah, 100%. I am documenting this now. I have to build another one to make sure that I got all the kinks out. So I'm currently printing out another one. I'm hoping the documentation and the blog will be out before the holidays. If not a little bit after the holidays, I have a lot on my plate. Oh yeah, I think anybody does. I'll definitely be keeping an eye over that. Where did you get the plastic? Plastic dome, which I can actually take off. Yeah, it comes off. Nice. Here we go. I'm using the Adafree trick-or-play ground in there for all the ladies. Yeah, that's so cool. And it's like a CD case, the dome? Oh no, it's a fun fact. It's a rock case. I went to Michael's and I couldn't find a good container and they had this container that just had rocks in it. Oh my God, how funny. So where were you find like the most perfect fitting thing is like for something else. Yeah, it's for rocks. And then I just took out the rocks, put the rocks outside on the rock lawn. It was like, cool. They were right back where they were creating. You saved the rocks. But I'm gonna have all the links and all the stuff that I use for it, of course, in the blog post, because the plant stuff is all from Blicks and everything else is all 3D printed and got the rest is from Digikey. Except for the music box. You can put any music box in here if you decide to. I will have a open like video show and tell how I did that, of course. But I just wanted an easy way to turn it on and play the music. So I use spur gears and a micro motor, or the motor to just push it. So when I turn it on, it'll instantly just start playing. And I'm curious if you can hear it now. I can hear it now. Yeah. It's playing the Kingdom Hearts theme song. I love Kingdom Hearts. Yeah, that's great. Yeah, my kid would love that. Love that. Cool. Well, fun toy. Bad reason the bad. I usually do the thing. Plus it like sits up on that too. So I love that. That's how it keeps the gears from grounding on the ground. And then the gears, they do kind of get stuck, but I kind of like it that way. Just for the fact that like, if you don't like the noise they have, it'll just stop. And if you want to do it again, you just have to push them in. But, you know. Built-in feature. Yeah, they'll eventually start going by themselves. So I think it was the, what is it called? Real butter? I think is what we use on the gears. Oh, it tries to lubricate the gears. Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's a real butter, right? It's for the bearings for skateboards, I think. This problem with this is I need to go back in there with a little filer and then file down the gears a bit more, I think. Gotcha. They do have a little bit offset, but I kind of like them being able to stop though, because sometimes you want to just get the gears. So like. Good feature. Yeah, but it's a fun little add-on that I've done by accident. That's awesome. I love those. It's like making, winning the maker lottery. Yeah, it's just the right kind of speed. Well, let's hope my friend likes it because if they don't, I'm going to take it back. Oh, I was going to say, dude, we all love this. They're better, dang it. Now I'm going to be like, oh, this is mine now. Here's a car. You're giving it the world, yeah. That's a document. Awesome. Well, thanks so much, Jake. I can't wait to build this. All right. Cool. Thank you for having me. Thanks. Later. All right. What's so cool? Next step, we have an option who we want to go to. Toss up? Toss up. Does Jeffler need more time? Jeff? Hi, Jeff. He needs more time. You're muted. Let me tell you, it's been one of those weeks, but yeah, I've got something to talk about tonight.  So in CircuitPython 8, we had previously introduced this thing called .env, which was lined you to put in a file called .env on your CircuitPython device and set up things like the web workflow and also any other variables that you want to use in your own programs. Kind of while we were working on this, and this was originally implemented by Scott, we noticed, hey, this format, we're not sure it's the best one. And so I worked on replacing it with something called settings.toml. The things that we liked about settings.toml was the name didn't have to start with a .. And the way that you write a string is a lot more like Python. And there's a real standard that defines what goes in a .toml file. And so anyway, I was just gonna show the old and the new because with the next beta of CircuitPython 8, if you're using the .env file, you're gonna have to translate it over. Oh, oh no, wrong one. I heard a key. It was the exit. Yeah, it was the Mac-a-Leave and then probably the new. All right, let's jump over to Liz as she comes back. Okay. All right. Don't worry, it happened during the meeting. So again, that's a common thing. The UI guy needs to move that, that leave studio over. Oh no, wait, let's go back to Jeff. We've answered enough, yeah. I'm back.  Let's get the screen back up again. It happened in the meeting earlier. So yeah, need to send that. Oh, look, there's a having issues button right next to the leave studio. All right, so basically, the overall structure of the file is very similar. You've got one line for each variable that you want to define. But the difference is in the old format, if it was a string, you didn't necessarily have to put quotes around it. But if you wanted to, then it had to be the single quote Oh, and by the way, they support comments. Yay. In the new file, of course, I think the everyday Python style that we're familiar with, we use double quotes kind of as the default. So if it's a string, it has to be quoted. You can't leave it off and it's double quotes. And I can't type, but basically you're just gonna open up your file. You're gonna find every line that is a string and make sure that it's double quotes, change it from single quotes or nothing into double quotes and save it as settings.toml and you'll be good to go. So just a big item to be aware of when you upgrade from beta five, which is the current one to beta six coming out at the end of this week or the start of next week. And that's what I've got for you. Very cool. A lot of waiting for a really kind of boring brain down, but we want people to know. No, that's definitely useful. And I think during the meeting guys said that you were working on some guides also that are gonna explain this and... Yeah, so we're gonna update some existing guides because there are some in the learn system that talk about this file. And like, yeah, you can also put your AIO, Adafruit IO key in here and get it from your program. And so it'll be a good capability, but we just need to show people how to do it. Awesome, awesome. All right, sweet. Also, there's no guide yet, but I got a next mouse. And so we're gonna make that work. So cool. Can you give us a profile shot of it real quick? Oh yeah. The angle, I think it is. Yeah, it's got this same rubber line that the keyboard does. So it must have been like a stylistic thing, but it's a kind of slightly spongy rubber. And then of course it's got a ball. It's got the little lock on lock ball. And just two buttons. So no mouse wheel, no middle button. So it won't be great for using on a computer, but if you really love this mouse, you can daisy chain it through the next keyboard and then read both the keyboard and the mouse with one circuit Python device. So that'll be cool. Oh, nice. Very cool. Very cool, awesome. Thanks so much, Jeff. All right, we'll take that one. Thanks. Have a good evening. See you later. All right. All right. We are gonna go to the next Adafood Peep. And that's Liz. Hello, Liz. Hello, how's it going? Good. How are you? So this is a personal project I'm working on, which is basically using circuit Python running on a Raspberry Pi Pico to build a quantizer for your rack, which basically means that I'm taking in random voltages to an ADC and reading them, which you can see on the screen there. And then there's some stuff in the code that basically maps it to the nearest voltages that match notes. And then that's averaged through the DAC and goes out. So right now I've got functionality so that these keys can determine what notes are turned on and there's two separate channels. So if I turn the rotary encoder, you'll see different lights light up and different notes are going to be there. And I have it going out to two oscillators that I'll turn up now so you can hear. So the idea will be that I'll eventually have four in, four out for some polyphony and you can do any scale and stuff. So yeah. Very cool. I like the soundscape sound of that too. It's like a creepy nightmare before Christmas question. And then with four to then you can do stuff like polyphonic chords and things like that. So pretty safe with that. And then there's a project we worked on together previously called the MIDI Melody Maker where it was basically these like MIDI note patterns that were generated. And I want to bring that into this too where it would take gate inputs to trigger predefined notes from the DAC out as well. But right now just working on the quantizer stuff. Super cool. That's going to be super fun. Yeah, a lot of little melodies kind of auto-generated and so fun. Yeah, yeah. Cool. Keep showing us progress on it. It's really fun. Maybe project later. Maybe. I don't know. It's pretty specialized. And I think I'll keep it like personal for now. That's cool. All right, later. Unless Lamar is watching, he's like, I don't want that. That's okay. Get out of the bag. Oh, no. Thanks so much, Lizzy. Have a good one. All right, that's all the 80 for Peeps. Go ahead and jump into the community. Yeah. We got Joey. Joey. Hello. How do y'all? How's it going? How's it going? Are you good? Good. Oh, well. So this week I took a little Christmas tree and I upgraded it with some Neopixels, which is fun on its own. But I also wanted to run off a battery, which means you've got to conserve your power. And I wanted to have it turn on and off on a schedule. So I used my plug this guy, my little LCD feather wing to make a very simple UI for setting when you want the tree to turn on and how long you want it to stay on. So I'm going to just, with one using the boot button on my ESP32S2 feather, it's hold down. And you can say I want it to turn on at 10 to 11 AM. I want it to stay on for like two hours. Oh, cool. So it's like this little control panel for your Christmas tree. And it uses circuit pipe on deep sleep. So whenever the tree's not on, it's actually consuming only about a milliampere of power with the displaced allowance. You've got this nice little clock interface that stays on. It tells you what time it is. And when your tree is on, it shows an icons in. You're glowing. And yeah, whenever it's not, it's deep sleeping. So I figured if I run this tree for four hours a day, I can run it for a full week, which will get me Christmas and then I'll have to recharge it. Oh, that's a good plan. And the other thing about this is I used y'all's new user pages feature on LearnGuide. So I wrote a whole LearnGuide about it and showed how I use the Power Profiler to measure how much current it's consuming in deep sleep when it's awake. And yeah, it was really fun. It was the first time I'd used the user pages feature. And yeah, it was really, I'll post a link in the description. Yeah, it was a really good use of it. You know that as soon as we saw that go in, we were all sharing it like, oh, yeah. We always do it exactly how we. Yeah, we had to work to Liz and the team behind that because we had some glitches and stuff and it got all fixed up. So I was able to post the whole thing. And yeah, it was so cool. Yeah, I know. So to see what other people would do too. But yeah, perfect example, Joey, of how it was. Yeah, a really good way to do it. And getting all the issues sorted out. How cool. I love the UX, too, that you have on the navigating. Like how it just says one hour. Usually it's a lot more harder than that. Like sending me like a week or something. It's like, dude. Totally, totally. And I think, if you read the guy that guy also used the Adafrit debouncer library, which gives you a number for how long the button was held down. So you can actually use one button for both a long press and a short press. And then you have this like kind of with just one button you can actually do a kind of a lot of stuff. So, yeah. Dude, that's so cool. Yeah, please post a link. Yeah, everybody has to see this. Yeah, folks asking questions, technical questions. Yeah, they already asked questions too. Yeah, I love that UX. Very cool. Thanks so much, Joey. Yeah. Thank you all. All right, have a good evening. Merry Christmas. Merry Christmas, yeah. All right, well, it was a lot of awesome projects. Thanks everybody for coming on. We have John Park coming up at eight o'clock, eight PM Eastern time. He's going to be doing JP's workshop. I think there's a bunch of new cool stuff coming out. And I think there is some new, I don't want to say that just in case it's not there yet, but some cool stuff being added for orders. And there'd be a coupon code as well, folks want to get 10% off, so check that out. We'll be at eight. All right, I think we're done. We'll be here next week. I think Liz is hosting next week, so we'll be here. We'll be here hanging out. Thanks for showing off your projects, guys. We'll be hanging out in the discord for a little bit. Thanks everybody. Bye-bye.


Hi, I am Shruti Sheshadrinathan, currently in final year M-Tech Food Biotechnology from ICT, Mumbai, Maharashtra. I have completed my B.E. in Biotechnology from Mumbai University. Recently, I got placed in Biocon, Bengaluru. I have completed four certification courses of NPITL, namely Biomedical Nanotechnology, Bioreactors, Downstream Processing and Nanotechnology in Agriculture. I was also in top 5% in Biomedical Nanotechnology. I would like to say that the professors of IIT have helped me clear a lot of doubts. Also, during the interview process of Biocon, they asked me lot of technical questions and I could answer them clearly because I could relate with the NPITL courses, especially downstream processing and it was very easy for me to clear. Thank you so much.


Good evening. Dark RP is one of the most popular game modes in Gary's Mod, and it has been since its inception. It's existed for a long time, as long as I can remember, and I don't think it's going anywhere either. Players love to hop on these servers to goof around, meet people, and make memories. It's a truly special thing. And since the most well-known gmod Dark RP map downtown has been covered to death in video after video, today I'm going to shine the spotlight onto some more obscure roleplay maps that, though they may have fallen into obscurity, I still think deserve a spot in the Hall of Fame. I'm only going to cover two maps in this video, but if there's enough interest, I could easily turn this into a series. And just as a disclaimer for those gmod veterans out there, I'm aware that a lot of roleplay maps may have initially been made for Dark RP's predecessor Light RP, or even Half-Life 2 Deathmatch roleplay. But in these videos, I'm going to be referring to these as just Dark RP maps for the sake of brevity. Now that that's out of the way, this is Ovis City, and it traces back to at least Garry's Mod 9. In fact, there's actually a gmod 9 server still running it if you can believe that. However, unfortunately, just like Dodd BSL, I couldn't find any definitive name for this map's original creator, nor its exact release date. But what I could find was multiple alternative versions of it that I've never personally played on before. Each of them are a little different, but for this video I've decided to focus on GMC5, which on top of being the one I remember appears to be the most popular in the latest official version. Don't worry, you're not missing out on much. Most of the others seem to be nothing but early builds with duller lighting and fewer buildings. Ovis City is decently sized, and has a bit more to offer than you might expect from such an early map. Beginning with just the locations, there's a pizzeria featuring a tiny concert stage, two bathrooms, and even brush-based pizzas, a vehicle shop with a selection of a couple old custom car models, the food store, which despite its name primarily sells laundry detergent, bleach, and booze, and Ikea, whose employee of the month is seemingly the Queen of England listed as Pamela Anderson, a very unconventional bank, which is actually just a single hallway leading to a laser-protected vault, plenty of neatly furnished houses and apartments for you to call home, an electronic store and next door an eBay store, a single courtroom overseen by Striderhead here, a gun store and a 7-Eleven, which are both manned by lone NPC vendors, a chop shop with two entrances and a working garage, a three-story hospital which boasts an impressive 50% survival rate, the random store which unfortunately seems to be nothing more than a furniture shop, and finally the Combine Police Department, which has five cells, one being solitary confinement, a couple of upstairs offices, a garage for police vehicles, and an Osama Bin Laden Wanted poster. That should help give you a taste of just how old this map is. And moving on to some simple trivia about Ovis City, there's a functional subway system that wraps around the entire town. I don't know how much use you could really make of this, but it's novel, things like this weren't very common in role-play maps back then. There's buttons to lock and unlock the entrance to almost every building in the map, and there's alarm buttons in stores which display a notification on screen to alert the police.  I've heard this referred to as a bombing or even a meteor shower, but I couldn't tell you what the author actually intended it to be. It's just weird. I remember being a kid and using the dupe tool to try to save these pizzas from the pizzerias so I could spawn them on other maps. From what I remember, you can dupe them on Ovis City just fine, but if you try to spawn them anywhere else it'll crash the game. Bummer. And this is sort of silly, but I remember an SCP role-play map that once you escape the facility, just straight up had Ovis City copy and paste it at the top of it. If anyone can find that map, let me know in the comments. It kind of feels like a fever dream. Anyway, let's move on to our next map. This is Amsterville, and its origins are much better documented than Ovis City. In fact, I can tell you right now that the map was made in 2007 by a man named F. Kalkman, whose website is still up and offers official downloads for each of his maps. Amsterville's official description, which is included on Kalkman's site and in a readme file of the provided download, tells us that it's set in Holland, and loosely based on Amsterdam. Amsterville has a lot of buildings, some honorable, some not, but nearly all of them are given endearing names imprinted on custom textures. The map is packed with culture from an era gone by, and I encourage you to explore it yourself, especially if you were into gaming culture back then. But to give you a rundown, this map is split into three areas, which I consider the plaza, the downtown area, and the riverside.  Shake it, baby. Moving on to the downtown area, there's a police station with three prison cells and armory and a cop garage just outside, a gas station branded escape with its own retextured pumps and oil barrels, a doctor's office aptly titled The Local Doctor, a train station with a couple of trains visible in the distance, and last but not least, two two-story houses and a hotel, each sporting beautiful brush-based furniture and a view over the water. Now to the final and my personal favorite part of the map, the riverside. First is the Fisherman's Diner, a steakhouse with a nice second story and a bathroom that lacks a door, and right next to that is the fittingly named Cafe Riverview, a comfortable spot with nice outdoor seating looking out over the dock. I'll be honest, this map makes me want to visit Amsterdam. Anyway, before we close, there's some other things I want to note about this map. The first thing is its atmosphere. It's a very tight map for the most part, but still manages to be cozy, and it's a time capsule of its era as well. And despite how blocky, primitive, and jank this map is in places, I still find it beautiful. Walking around, you can really see how much effort and soul was put into it. Second, the lightning flashes. Look, it can't all be good. I know there's some versions that remove these, but in the original they get really annoying. Second only to the abundance of self-advertising the creator of the map does. His name appears on screen constantly, his brand plastered on everything in the map. Look, I can understand why I'd be proud of it, but I feel like this is overkill. He's apparently open sourced the map and given the okay for people to learn from and edit it though, so big props for that. This Trouble in Terrorist town version set at night is intriguing. Third is the abundance of custom content. Custom serial, custom signs, custom gas station pumps, custom movie posters, hell, custom brush-based ATM machines. In fact, this map even includes custom vehicles, remnants of an era long gone by. Back in the day, a lot of our P maps would add built-in cars like this, but the practice died out over time and was abandoned altogether once the source engine got an update that bugged them out, made them unsteerable. Here, look, I booted the map up in Gmod 9 and the cars are fully functional. But that's all I have for now. Let me know if you have any memories on these old maps. Thanks for watching, have a good day.


Welcome back. Nigeria's aviation sector has been rocked with withdrawal of services by two shadowed carriers but beyond the withdrawal of services by shadowed carriers the entire local aviation sector may be in for a shutdown if operations over steady loss of operations rather over the steady loss of fleet capacity that has made the shadow reliability near impossible now findings by the Guardian which you put out in the publication recently showed that eight active airlines are currently operating a cumulative 38.77 percent of fleet capacity with a total of 60 out of 98 listed airplanes Grounded if you look at that you do the mathematics if 60 out of 98 Listed airplanes are grounded then it therefore means that only 38 of them are active these are grounded pending the availability of foreign exchange earnings to defray Maintenance costs. It was also lent That most seats on the busy Lagos Abuja Port Hakot Kanu and Kaduna routes were available Where are available rather were sold for between 76,000 and 100 now for one-way economy seats and round-trip trip tickets ranging between 140,000 and 190,000 now depending on the route the airline and the time of Purchase it's quite a dull situation. You'll agree Isaac Balame is the CEO of seven star global Hanger and Airlines and he's a guest this morning as we take a look at this mr. Ballaby welcome to the breakfast Thank you for having me sir. All right. Is it just a good morning to is it just an issue of a scarce Forex and The high maintenance cost as a result of the forex situation Do we have more going on? What can you say about the fact that 38 out of 98 aircraft which in itself is even not enough? grounded So basically say is a function of Forex of course which led to the rise in the cost of aviation foil Usually a vision foil, you know cost about 40% of your operating costs, but today in most cases you see that Aviation foil is costing Even above 100% so sometimes the airlines just basically Try to sell tickets just to buy foil That is why you see the airline's problem with salaries of their workers That is why you see the airlines traveling with cost of maintenance because they can't even access the forex at the CBN exchange rate They can't even afford To pay their bills, you know the K train is there the maintenance is there the training every six months They must send the pilots over so there are so many factors. There are so many variables that is leading to that and it's And it's not a good thing at all all right So this is this what's directly impacting on the the cost of the flight tickets because I mean This is an airline whose name I don't mention But I want to travel to my Port Hackett. Like we say in Nigeria, I generally I don't spend too much money I go to this airline They have green in their logo and in their name and you find that you can get it for for a low buck You know, do you have to fly lit at night? But you go for cheap now. These guys are now charging 80,000 Naira I can't believe it 80,000 Naira To be very honest with you sometimes You see it's a tough situation and I believe not just for the aviation sector, but for the country at large You would agree with me Let's take the Boeing 737 for example where Most times you spend between 3.5 to 4 million Naira to foil your aircraft for just one hour flight Now you do the calculation sometimes you think that the airlines have full load factor in terms of filling up all the seats Right, but it's not like that if you take the average sometimes during weekend, you know, they fly full early week, maybe midweek, but most days and sometimes one aircraft does the minimum of six landings sometimes eight landings or more and at the end of the day If you calculate how much let's say they have 60 to 70 percent load factor, average leak They can't even pay for their costs. So the only way is to push that cost to the passenger and that is where You know, we've been calling and you heard the Minister of Aviation said it clearly That he's trying to intervene to see how the government can support the airlines and I think That is required immediately So now talking about solutions Since the only thing that can be done, you know, government to vision intervention to support the airlines What else can be done and if this intervention is the only way how exactly would you advise it be done? I think for now the government just have to find a way to subsidize To my own thinking in fact between seven to eight hundred NERA default it to calm down To as low as maybe four hundred NERA for the air and to actually survive If that's intervention can come in every quarter then at the end of every quarter We review it fine before the dollar issue is looked into Another issue also is we hope that did I go to your refinery because our local refineries That can produce jet even have been underlies decade ago And I don't think anything has been done by previous government to sort that out of the date So it's a major problem Problem here and I just hope that the only word for Korean Public to actually Feel less of the pain is for government to intervene on the jet a one so that the air and owners Can afford this jet a one and also pay for cost of maintenance and order operating costs Is there a way it's just something that could have been done by the aviation minister and the federal government at large to have Prevented this situation the generating to this point I don't think there's anything that anybody can do because this is a failure of leadership What a shame that since independence to date We have not been able to put a framework in place to produce our own fuel even petrol kerosene Diesel is being imported. We have Refineries, but they're not working. We have we we sell crude oil to the whole world But we export the raw materials and the important refined product So I think we need to have More serious people talking with our fears to see how we can plan for the future otherwise I don't even think our children even have a future anymore And the only way out is to stop complaining and go back to work All right. All right. I want to thank you very much for your time For joining us on the program this morning Isaac Bellamy and of course We look forward to having you subsequently as we continue to monitor The state of the aviation sector in the country He is the CEO of seven star global hunger and airlines and his Jonas live from Abuja Isaac. Thank you very much for your time Thank you very much for having me Up next we discuss some more issues right here on the breakfast Minister of Communications and the digital economy is up under me is against the federal government's New tax on phone calls and data in the telecommunications sector. Look at that with our guests


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com coming at you with a quick two-box break of 2019-2020 Panini contenders optic basketball two-box pick your team member 17 with the Pelicans Randomized to someone in the break if you follow those directions right there got about at least two teams So let's sort by column a Eric K got two teams. That's an entry Chen got two teams That's an entry Matthew two teams. That's entry Ron got the last three two teams count still an entry Russell has four That's two entries Scott has four. That's two entries Sean has Six that's three entries. So basically if you buy even number of teams half of those turn into entries and then Kim zoom in has three 16 so that's three entries Let's grab all these names here Put them into a clean list here. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it Four and a one five times name on top after five gets the pelicans in this quick little two-box break one two three four and Once more fifth and final time again And it's Kim zoom in nice So zoom in with the pelicans Let's close that out. Let's sort by column B. Let's print. Let's rip All right, so there are the two box right here remember. I think either Jason or Sean or me Wrote Pyt on these so we know that they are from the same inner case that we popped open drop my knife on the ground That's where I was There's the autograph on the bottom right there. There's Bradley Beale front row seat Trey young Lana Hawks There you go No one's telling them they can't spend money Kevin love silver they choose to See Jim a column all right and the hit behind here is Markel Foltz 52 out of 125 for Orlando NBA Inc. And that's Chen with the Orlando Magic Sorry folks world game one of the world series happening with my dodgers in there So apologies on the videos and in advance of this week for not being completely Entirely present while games are going on They've got them. They're doing the regular rest days you guys you guys notice that For the world series. They're in regular rest days We'll do two games Even though they're in the in a bubble, they'll do two games break three games break and then two games again Obviously games five six seven if necessary James Harden die cut Houston Russell And then we got Magic Johnson all-star cracked ice for my Lakers Matthew Shearer And we got Victor Oladipo Silver Eric K with Indiana There's Donovan Mitchell for the Jazz Russell And behind Joel and Bede is a redemption And the redemption is gonna be bull bull Rookie season ticket autograph for Denver And that'll be for Sean Maddock with the Nuggets Have a little bit of a little bit of upside there for Denver and there you go ladies and gentlemen I'm Joe for Jashby's case breaks calm. Go Dodgers


Good morning everybody, I'm Nico Ronchile, I'm one of the first-year residents. I'm going to be talking about today about macular tilagric Asia. There's been a lot of studies, it's been a hot topic in the last several years, and I just wanted to go over natural history and the research that we are conducting to help identify genetic positive mutations that cause macular tilagric Asia. So let me start with a case presentation. This patient is a 21-year-old male that was seen last year around July. That was referred for blurry vision that he noticed especially when he was driving. A pretty healthy guy in other past medical history. His father and sister has a history of a shark or married tooth that is being followed in neurology. He has two siblings, including the sister, which has no eye problems that they report. And the father has a macular problem that he says he's had since he was 30. The rest of the history is non-contributory. His examination on this first visit was 2100 and 2080 on the left eye as a best-corrected vision. His pressures were normal, pupils were equal in no APD. The rest of his exams were normal. Just to note, he does have some slight decrease in his color plates, the three out of eight plates and the five out of eight in the left eye. His anterior segment was otherwise remarkable. These are his fundus photos. I just wanted to point out a couple of pertinent findings. The first is we can see this graying of the macular area in both the right and the left. That's one of the first things I saw. The next thing is there's this pigment comp. I don't know if you can see that very well. A temporal to the macula. And then finally, just looking at the phobia. The phobia just doesn't look normal as well. I would characterize this as having irregular pigmentation. That is probably a little bit more pronounced in the left compared to the right. But the rest of his fundus looked normal, optic nerves looked normal, and the periphery looked normal, which I'm not showing here. In infrared, what I wanted to point out is that you can see these little spots of hyperreflective spots more pronounced really in the right eye compared to the left. But you can see it as well in the left. On OCT, these top portion is the right, and bottom is the left. I just wanted to go through this. You can see loss of or irregularity in loss of the ISOS junction. The outer nuclear layer, especially centrally, is lost as well. You can see the inner nuclear layers also disrupted. And there's these little hyperreflective spots just along the inner retina as well that may correspond to the hyperreflective spots as well. Finally, there's this hyperreflective cavity centrally. The left eye shows very similar findings with loss of ISOS junctions. The outer nuclear layer, especially in the center, is also disrupted. So on fundus autofluorescence, what we can see is a hyper-autofluorescence phobia seen here that corresponds to that kind of hyperpigmented spot in our fundus photograph. And these are the top portions are FA around one minute, and this is a little later, around nine minutes. And I'd like to draw your attention in the left one. There's leakage that is more pronounced temporal to the macula in the left eye. And in the right eye, there is a little bit more diffuse leakage early on. And obviously, in the later FA stages there are leakage that is in a leaf-like distribution in both macula. So the golden visual fields show some central scatoma in both eyes, preferably looks normal. And finally, we got a macular pigment measurement. And for those of you that don't look at this every day, so this is the right and this is the left. And usually what we should see is the highest concentration of pigment in the center, so a little bit more white. And here what we can see is a ring of white, which corresponds to macular pigment. And then the center, it's absent. This is a quantification. There should be a peak early on. And the same is for the left. And I'll show you a little bit more about the normal macular pigment in literature in the next few slides. So just looking at this, the differential diagnosis, of course, includes macular telangiotesia with all of his findings. Best disease is also one of the considerations. We don't see that the teleform, the yellow lesion that we usually see in BEST. You can also see that in macular telangiotesia. But its absence really doesn't rule it out. We did get an EOG, which was low normal. And I actually talked to Dr. Creel about the results of this. Another consideration would be cone dystrophy, given his decreased color as well as that loss, the central loss of the outer nuclear layer. But it was reassuring that he had normal fulfilled ERGs. Other less likely considerations would include star guard, AMD, and medication toxicity, which he does not take any hydroxychloroquine. So now let me talk a little bit more about macular telangiotesia and its natural history and what we know and what the studies are going to be showing in the next few years. So this is also known as idiopathic juxtaphoial telangiotesia. There are really not a lot of studies. There's two studies looking at the prevalence of the disease. So historically we've always thought that macular telangiotesia is a very rare disease. But from these two studies it seems like it's not as rare as we thought. The first was the Beaver Dam study done in Wisconsin. And they enrolled around 5,000 patients and they found five patients retrospectively with the characteristics of mac-tel. Another study in Australia, the Melmore Collaborative cohort study, also showed they had 22,000 patients in their cohort and they found one patient, so a prevalence of around 1 in 20,000. And both studies did comment that they may be underestimating the prevalence of the disease just because it's a retrospective study as well. So people now think that this may be a little bit more common than what we initially thought. We do not have any data suggesting that males or females are more commonly affected. And then this macular telangiotesia is likely autosomal dominant because there is a vertical transmission from both males and females. The macular telangiotesia has been described for several years now. But in 1993, gas and a barbara of Lodi classified the different macular telangiotesias into three types, which I won't go over too much. But one of the things I wanted to point out is the type 2, which we now call mac-tel, is a bilateral compared to the type 1, which is usually unilateral and has other findings. But the disease can be definitely very asymmetric between both eyes. Lastly, Dr. Blody, when she moved to Wisconsin, published another paper in 2006 with Yanuzi, which reclassified the disease. And this is what we're using right now to understand the natural history. So from these studies, the earliest finding that we know from macular telangiotesia is leakage temporally in FAA. So this is an early FAA time point in this upper inlet. And later FAA finding, we can see leakage in the temporal region of the macular. The fundus really is unremarkable. The only thing is a specific loss of phobial reflex. This is another patient just showing you the early finding of FAA leakage. And so really at this point, the FAA still goes standard for diagnosis of mac-tel. In stage 2, macular telangiotesia, now we can see more characteristic fundus binase. And it doesn't show up here nicely, but there is some retinal grain, like I showed you in the patient more temporally, which can extend more in an oval-like fashion to cover most of the macula. And so this is stage 2. And the FAA here just shows you a little bit more leakage as well temporally and concentricated. Stage 3 of macular telangiotesia is really described by blunting of the vessels. And here's shown that usually they should be tapering off and have a smaller caliber, but they blunt off. And that's one of the characteristic findings. There are also these crystalline deposits that is seen in this disease that could happen at any stage. Crystals can be found in several other diseases. We don't really know the composition of these crystals, but people think that these are precipitation of several macular pigments. Lutein, Z-azine, B-z-z-z-azine, but we don't really know. The other finding is this yellow lesion, like I mentioned to you about, that could be characteristic of best disease as well that could be present in any stage of macular telangiotesia. Lastly, in stage 4, which we think is the most severe, is a presence of pigment proliferation or these hyperpigmented spots, and also accompanied by RPE atrophy. And rarely we can also see presence of a macular hole in a macular telangiotesia. Now, the natural history of macular pigment is even less well understood compared to the fundus findings. And just as an aside, the MacTel project is conducting a natural history study, which is now underway, so we'll have a little bit more data. So, but in this study, this is a normal high, so this photo here is actually from the lab of Dr. Higginman, and we can see this yellowish pigment in the center, which corresponds to macular pigment, and we can see it's highest density. Now in macular telangiotesia, we can see what we're looking at is the dark spot in here, a temporal to the macula, and that suggests a loss of a macular pigment. And that can progress from passing a little bit more of the temporal side of the macula, and even more, of course, a loss of a majority. You can see that there's maybe a little bit more left here inferiorly, and it just progresses. This is another postmortem, which really shows a difference of a macular pigment being in the center, and it's a little bit more dispersed. Now as another side, it's really poorly understood what's happening in the pigment. We know that there's definitely loss of pigment in the center. We don't know whether the pigment is dispersed and moved out, or whether this is normal pigment surrounding it. That just gets accentuated after the loss of the pigment centrally. In those studies, I've really quantified the density of the macular pigment in that ring. So now to switch gears, I wanted to talk a little bit more about mactile genetics and how we're contributing to finding the genetic mutation. But to this point, there are no positive genes for mactile. There are not even good animal models for macular telangentasia. Now just a week ago, this paper with our collaborators got published in Nature, and just to highlight a couple of things, this is the first paper that identified three independent loci with several possible genes in this. They have a nice story, but they've never really shown any causality for any of the genes that they've identified. The other point that I wanted to take is that they do have a lot of patients, but the patients are not related for these studies. And after calculating really, they only estimate 5% of the estimated heritability for these findings. And so really it's still wide open, the field of genetics. And so the real goal for the studies is to be able to recruit large, very high quality families with macular telangentasia. And we're in a great place to do that. So the Mactile Project is an international research collaboration that was founded in 2005 or started in 2005. And we are one of the centers and we are currently enrolling patients and they're family members that we think has Mactile. Most of our families are from Utah and Idaho. And when they come here and we usually screen them on a Saturday morning so we bring them here and they get a battery of tests which I've shown you. But also we get blood for them to get some basic lab work, including hemoglobin A1C, which we think is associated with a disease, as well as isolating blood, DNA from this blood and isolating lymphocytes for IPSL generation. We send all these data to the London Reading Center in Moorfield Hospital for confirmation. And all of our pro-bats that we have here has been confirmed to have Mactile to this point. So now I'll be showing you all of our families and again I think we really do have the best families of macular telangentasia in the world that we have compiled so far. So I want to talk about this M65-472 family and the names are just for the study. This is actually our patient, this is the pro-band that we have. This is our 21-year-old diagnosed with Mactile. He has two sisters. His dad, we brought him in for the study and we did show that this is his dad's funnest photo and he has this characteristic pigment pumping of macular telangentasia and we did all the tests and sent it to the Reading Center and confirmed to have Mactile. So this is very interesting of it itself. This is one of the earliest known onset of macular telangentasia in the literature with a known parent affected by the disease. Now, we also collaborated with a Utah population database. So we have around 50 pro-bands and the question was are any of these pro-bands related and so that we can make a super family and indeed this family is related to another family that we're studying that are related up in here. And these red circles correspond to all the patients that we've already recruited and phenotype and these black things correspond that they do have confirmed with macular telangentasia. So these are very, very useful resources having big families to find a genetic mutation. One of the things that we're understanding right now is one of the exclusion of the disease of the study is we don't screen patients less than 30 years old just because we did not think that we would find macular telangentasia but now we are also getting younger children above 18 to see whether they're really affected. The next several slides is just showing you how extensive our families are not really trying to draw any conclusions but this is another family, the P40-156 and I just wanted to emphasize that we prioritize recruitment of patients in families where multiple members are affected so the more siblings that's where we try to get and the families have been very, very cooperative as you most of you know the hardest part of these studies is recruitment of families. This is another family and I just wanted to point out that we also prioritize siblings of affected family members for example this dad, we try to get the siblings and just a note in this family the pro band's father we are still trying to get his two brothers come in that would be very, very useful for our genetic studies. These are our other families showing you that it's still not complete we're still recruiting these families but most of the families we have recruited most already and have compiled all this data so one of the things that we were interested as well is calculating the penetrance of macular telangentasia which at this point was just hypothesized to be very, very low and just to summarize the families as I've mentioned we have around 50 pro bands that we know has Mac-Tel 23 we have enrolled in the study in clinically phenotype and confirmed by the disease center looking at all the genetic studies people can run into trouble by saying that this is a rare disease and most of the studies look at the penetrance to be around 10% but when I actually calculated the penetrance it's a little higher than that you can calculate in several ways you can look at a sibling analysis and if an autosomal disease you would expect a 50% rate of the siblings affected but we don't see that it's definitely less and after calculating it we see that there's around 41% penetrance when I calculated the penetrance with a parent analysis the penetrance is a little higher but at the same time we don't have a lot of families that we've recruited both the parents and the siblings as well so one of the conclusions is that the penetrance is higher than previously thought and I'll show you why this could be important as well later so just to end my talk Mac-Tel is characterized by temporal leakage on FAA decreased central macular pigment and this temporal pigment clumping that we see this case that I've shown is one of the youngest patients reported to be diagnosed with Mac-Tel and one of the clinical things that we can draw from this is when we see a patient with a Mac-Tel we can let them know if they're siblings or if they have children that the risk of developing Mac-Tel would be around 20-35% based on these penetrance estimations that we've had the last thing I'm just going to talk about is there's just a lot of studies with Mac-Tel right now there's a lot of emerging imaging modalities and I think we'll hear from one of our visitors Lydia in the next several weeks she'll be giving grand rounds on really flio and the cool things that she's been seeing with Mac-Tel injectasia I did not show our other research projects with the families but I just have to acknowledge a lot of people that is involved in this study including of course Paul Bird's theme and a lot of other people I'm working with Alan Thomas with the calculating all the penetrance and I've worked mostly with Justine and the Utah population database so with that I will take any questions that you may have Great work So I always thought Mac-Tel was one of the few conditions in the Mac-Tel in which when the blood vessels are plunged they're actually diving deep into the outer retina and I've been interested in those because it's interesting that the retina the outer retina is bored of blood vessels so when we see situations like that in rap and blood vessels flow down it may give some ideas of what's going on as far as we have to see it all Do you see that though? I mean is that I mean you didn't mention as part of the surgery so is that something to see Yeah, so let me back up So the neovascularization of a Mac-Tel is very interesting because compared to other diseases we think that it's coming from the outer retina and not from the coroid so that's in itself is very, very interesting You can see I did not show that in the natural history because it can actually in the new classification it can show up anywhere so now we call this non-proliferative or proliferative but you do see it more commonly in later stages of disease but there's some reports showing it as well in like stage three or stage two where there's just retinal grading and maybe just a neovascular memory So and to answer your question in our families many of our families do not have neovascular complexes so I really can't comment much more about that So you said that the program's father gets a Charcomery tooth and you've been looking at these other families did you see that greater incidence of CIT of those? No So I think that's just a red herring and from the genetic studies actually we know their mutation for Charcomery tooth already but the associations that we know of that are strongest in a Macro-Telangia is a high A1c Diabetes is one of the common but there are also papers suggesting that the initial studies were just were confounded high BMI and smoking but no other really interesting associations That's a good question Thank you Any other questions?


we are considering iterative methods for solving a system of linear equation. So, n equations in n unknowns. Last time we have found a sufficient condition for convergence in the Jacobi method. Today, we are going to look at the Gauss-Seidel method and we will show that the sufficient condition which we obtain in the Gauss-Seidel method, this will be satisfied if the sufficient condition in the Jacobi method that is satisfied and the condition which we get is going to be that the coefficient matrix should be diagonally dominant by rho. In fact, if the matrix is diagonally dominant strictly by column, then also the result is going to be true, but I will not prove that result. So, we will first consider the Gauss-Seidel method, obtain a sufficient condition for convergence of it, then compare this sufficient condition with the sufficient condition which we obtained yesterday for convergence of Jacobi iterates. Then we will look at a specific example, if the coefficient matrix A happens to be upper triangular, then we will show that for a system of size n, when you will do n iterates, you are going to obtain an exact solution. If the system is upper triangular, then we do not need to use these iterative methods, because then you can do the back substitution, but this is just to illustrate that if you apply your Jacobi iterates or Gauss-Seidel iterates, then in finite number of iterates you are going to obtain the exact solution. Then we will consider a specific example and if we will see, we may solve some more problems which are using or which are based on the Newton's method, secant method or fixed point iteration for solution of non-linear equation. So, this is going to be plan of today's lecture. So, now let us look at the Gauss-Seidel iterate. We are considering n equations in n unknowns. So, this is the relation satisfied by the exact solution, B i's they are known, the coefficient matrix A is known. So, hence we know A ij. So, you have got x i is equal to B i minus summation over j, j not equal to i, A ij x j divided by A ii. Our assumption is that coefficient matrix A is invertible and all the diagonal entries they are non-zero. So, that is why we can divide by it. This term we split as summation j goes from 1 to i minus 1 and summation j going from i plus 1 to n with the understanding that if i is equal to 1, this term will be absent. If j is equal to n or if rather i is equal to n, then this term is going to be absent. So, this is the equation satisfied by the exact solution. Now, we are going to define the iterative method. We had done it yesterday already, but let me recall. So, this is the Gauss-Seidel iterates x i k, the k th iterate will be equal to B i minus summation j goes from 1 to i minus 1 A ij x j k. So, we are going to proceed systematically. So, you would have already calculated x 1 k x 2 k x i minus 1 k. So, these are the recent values used here minus summation j is equal to i plus 1 to n A ij x j k minus 1. We have come up to x i. So, x i plus 1 up to x n you have to use the values from the k minus first iterate divided by A ii. Take the subtraction.  So, this is our E i k this will be E j k this will be E j k minus 1. So, now take the modulus of both the sides and you are going to get modulus of E i k to be less than or equal to alpha i. So, alpha i is summation j goes from 1 to i minus 1 modulus of A ij by A ii beta i is this summation alpha 1 is defined to be 0 beta n to be defined to be 0 modulus of E j k will be less than or equal to norm E k infinity and modulus of E j k minus 1 it will be dominated by norm of E k minus 1 infinity. So, this is the relation we obtain for error in case of the Gauss-Seidel iterates. So, the things are little more complicated than the Jacobi method. Now, what we have got is modulus of E i k that means it is the error in the ith component of the kth iterate. On the right hand side you have got terms which involve norm E k infinity and norm E k minus 1 infinity. Our aim is to find norm E k infinity to be less than or equal to some constant times norm of E k minus 1 infinity. That means the maximum error in the kth iterate should be less than or equal to constant times maximum in the k minus first iterate. If we can obtain such a relation then one uses this successively and one gets the maximum error in the kth iterate to be less than or equal to constant its raise to k and then multiplied by the error at 0th stage. So, suppose I call that constant to be eta. So, I want to get norm E k infinity to be less than or equal to eta raise to k into norm of E 0 infinity E 0 is the starting error. So, that will give us the condition that if eta is less than 1 then you are going to have convergence. The error will tend to 0. So, now we have got the relation we obtained. We had modulus of E i k that means kth iterate. On the right hand side you have got norm E k infinity norm E k minus 1 infinity. So, you have got such a relation for i goes from 1 to up to n. Now norm E k infinity will be achieved for some value of i. Suppose that value is i is equal to m then you use that particular equation to obtain the desired estimate. So, let us look at it. So, you have got modulus of E i k to be less than or equal to this. Now, suppose the norm E k infinity that is maximum of modulus of E i k when i varies between 1 to n. Suppose this is attained when i is equal to m. So, you have got modulus of E m k. So, look at this estimate when i is equal to m. So, norm E k infinity is equal to modulus of E m k which is less than or equal to now I am looking at i is equal to m.  So, take this term on the left hand side and you will get norm E k infinity to be less than or equal to beta m upon 1 minus alpha m into norm of E k minus 1 infinity. So, we will be assuming that alpha m is less than 1.  So, it will preserve the inequalities and you are dividing. So, we have to make sure that 1 minus alpha m is not equal to 0. So, we have obtained an estimate. It is norm E k infinity to be less than or equal to beta m upon 1 minus alpha m norm E k minus 1 infinity. What was m? M was the index when norm E k infinity is equal to modulus of E m k. So, this is the norm. So, E m k is the error in the m th component. In the error you have got. So, your modulus of E m k is going to be modulus of x m, x is the exact solution. So, x m minus x m k. So, x m k is something which we compute, but what about x m? If we knew the exact solution, we do not have to do all these things. So, that means for the analysis it is ok. We can say that the norm of E k mean infinity that is when i is equal to m. But as such this bound in that bound beta m upon 1 minus alpha m we do not know what is m. So, the best we can do is look at maximum of beta i upon 1 minus alpha i 1 less than or equal to i less than or equal to n. So, that is going to be our constant eta. So, what I want is norm E k infinity less than or equal to some constant into norm of E k minus 1 infinity and that for. So, that constant then we put a condition that that that constant is equal to m. So, that should be less than 1 which will give us convergence. So, we have norm E k infinity to be less than or equal to this. So, look at eta to be maximum of beta i upon 1 minus alpha i 1 less than or equal to i less than or equal to n. I do not know what m is, but this m if I take eta to be maximum of these quotients then beta m upon 1 minus alpha m is going to be less than or equal to eta. So, we have norm E k infinity to be less than or equal to eta times norm of E k minus 1 infinity. That means norm E k minus 1 infinity will be less than or equal to eta times norm of E k minus 2 infinity. So, continuing this argument you get norm E k infinity to be less than or equal to eta raise to k norm of E 0 infinity. So, if this eta is less than 1 then that will guarantee that norm E k infinity will tend to 0 as k tends to infinity. So, this is a sufficient condition for convergence in the case of Gauss-Seidel iterates. Now, next we want to compare this sufficient condition with the sufficient condition which we had obtained in case of Jacobi iterates. So, for the Jacobi iterates the condition was mu which is maximum of summation j goes from 1 to n modulus of a i j by a i i maximum taken over 1 less than or equal to i less than or equal to n this mu should be less than 1. For the Gauss-Seidel method we have got eta should be less than 1 where eta is defined in terms of beta i's and alpha i's and our claim is that mu less than 1 will imply that eta is less than 1. In fact, we will show that eta is going to be less than or equal to mu. So, I want you to observe that in beta i you are taking summation j goes from 1 to i minus 1 modulus of a i j by a i i in alpha i it is summation j is equal to i plus 1 to n modulus of a i j by a i i. If you look at alpha i plus beta i it will be nothing but summation j goes from 1 to n j not equal to i mod a i j by a i i. So, our mu is going to be equal to maximum of alpha i plus beta i. So, eta is this maximum mu is this maximum. So, what we will show is alpha i plus beta i minus beta i upon 1 minus alpha i is bigger than or equal to 0 or we want to show that beta i upon 1 minus alpha i is less than or equal to alpha i plus beta i and the proof is going to be straight forward. So, here mu is maximum of alpha i plus beta i 1 less than or equal to i less than or equal to n eta is maximum of beta i upon 1 minus alpha i i. I consider alpha i plus beta i minus beta i upon 1 minus alpha i this will be equal to alpha i minus alpha i square this beta i and this beta i will get cancelled. So, you will have minus beta i alpha i divided by 1 minus alpha i.    So, this number is going to be bigger than 0. So, the maximum which you are taking here this number is bigger than this number. So, that proves that your eta is less than or equal to mu less than 1. So, thus if mu is equal to maximum of this summation less than 1 then we are going to have convergence both in the Jacobi method and Gauss Seidel method and that means your a should be strictly rho diagonally dominant. So, now we have got a sufficient condition which guarantees convergence of both Jacobi iterates and Gauss Seidel iterates as I had mentioned before that we are not claiming that if the Jacobi iterates converge then Gauss Seidel iterates they have to converge. In the Gauss Seidel iterates because you are using the most recent value of your iterate it is likely to give better results, but one can construct a pathological example when the Jacobi method converges, but the Gauss Seidel method does not converge. So, we have compared some sufficient conditions and then we said that if the sufficient condition in the Jacobi method is satisfied then the sufficient condition in the case of Gauss Seidel method also will be satisfied. So, if your a is strictly rho diagonally dominant then both the Jacobi method and the Gauss Seidel method or these iterates they are going to converge to the exact solution. So, let us look at a simple example where 4 by 4 system we will take and we will look at the first few iterates in the Jacobi method and in the Gauss Seidel method. So, here is the system you have got 4 equations in 4 unknowns the diagonal entries are 4, super diagonal and sub diagonal they are minus 1. So, it is a tridigonal system. So, it is a tridigonal system and it is diagonally dominant the right hand side is so chosen that the exact solution is nothing but 1111. We are going to choose the initial iterates to be all 0. So, x 0 is going to be a 0 vector then in the case of Jacobi iterates you are going to have x i 1 is equal to b i divided by 4 i is equal to 1 2 3 4. We are taking all these 0's. So, the x i 1's first iterates they will be given by b i 4 when you consider the second iterate in the Jacobi. So, x 1 2 so look at the first equation. So, here x 1 2 will be 3 plus 1 times x 2 1 divided by 4 then when you consider x 2 2 this is going to be equal to 2 plus x 1 1 plus x 3 1 and then divided by diagonal entry that is 4. So, when we calculate x 2 2 we have already calculated x 1 2. So, here if instead of x 1 1 we use x 1 2 the recent value available then that becomes the Gauss Seidel method. Here what we are going to do is then you look at x 3 2 that is going to be equal to 2 then plus x 2 1 plus x 4 1 divided by 4. Even though x 1 2 is available we are not using it here that is for the Jacobi iterates. In the case of Gauss Seidel iterates what we do is when you look at you have the first iterate for the Jacobi you had x i 1 is equal to b i by 4 i is equal to 1 2 3 4. In the case of Gauss Seidel the first component x 1 1 is going to be b 1 by 4 when you calculate x 2 1 this x 2 1 will be equal to b 2 plus x 1 1 plus x 2 0 divided by 4. So, now whatever is the recent value of x 1 1 that we are using for Jacobi what we did was it was all 0s. So, our x 2 1 was b 2 by 4 whereas, here x 2 1 will be b 2 plus x 1 1 by 4 because x 2 0 will be 0 when you consider x 3 1 for x 3 1 again x 2 1 is available whereas, x 4 1 we have not yet reached. So, we are forced to use x 4 0. So, this is the difference between Gauss Seidel and Jacobi iterates. So, let us calculate the iterates. So, the first for the Jacobi iterates you have got x 0 is equal to 0 vector. So, x 1 1 will be 3 by 4 x 2 1 will be 2 by 4 that means 1 by 2 x 3 1 will be 2 by 4 and x 4 1 is equal to 3 by 4. So, it is you are replacing sort of coefficient matrix by the diagonal matrix. So, this was for the first iterate for the second iterate x 1 2 is going to be equal to 3 plus what we have got x 1 1 plus x 2 1 we had calculated for x 1 or rather it is going to be x 1 2 is equal to b 2 plus x 2 1 divided by 4. So, x 2 1 is 1 by 2. So, that gives you x 1 2 to be equal to 7 by 8 then when you look at second iterate the second component that is going to be equal to the right hand side 2 then the value of x 1 1. So, that is 3 by 4 then plus the value of x 3 1. So, that is going to be 2 by 4 divided by 4. So, you get it to be 13 by 16 you can check that you get the same value for x 3 2 and you get the value x 4 2 to be 7 by 8. So, for this particular example when what you are getting is x 1 1 plus x 2 1 plus x 2 1. So, what we are getting is for the Jacobi method we start with the iterate to be 0 0 0 0 that is our x 0 then our next iterate x 1 is going to be 3 by 4 then 1 by 2 1 by 2 and it is going to be again 3 by 4. So, this is our x 1 and the next iterate which we get is 7 by 8 then 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. So, you get 13 by 16 13 by 16 and you have got again 7 by 8 and exact is 1 1 1 1. So, this is our x 2 and then 1 can continue. Now, let us look at the Gauss Seidel iterates for the Gauss Seidel x 1 1 is 3 by 4 whereas, when you calculate x 2 1 you are going to use the value to be x 1 1 the recent value whereas, for x 2 0 you have to choose it to be you have to take it to be 0 only. So, you get 11 by 16 in case of x 3 1 again x 2 1 is we have calculated. So, you will use that value whereas, x 4 0 you have to take it to be 0 and then you get these values. So, in the case of Gauss Seidel method your x 1 vector is going to be 3 by 4 then 11 by 16 43 by 64 and then something you will get. So, this is x 1. So, here it looks like that the Gauss Seidel iterates they are going to converge faster like exact solution was 1 1 1 1. So, if you use the recent most value then the result the error will be small. So, this was just an illustrative example and as I mentioned that whatever we consider in this course it is not for hand computations it is all it all make sense when you are going to use big systems using a computer. So, here one can one has to write a program it will not be difficult to write a program for Jacobi method or Gauss Seidel iterates you have to give some stopping criteria and then you can see that it will give you an approximate solution in contrast to the direct solution, but if n is big then one may have to resort to indirect methods because the direct method may be too expensive. So, now I want to quickly tell you or show you that if the coefficient matrix is upper triangular matrix then in n iterates you are going to reach the exact solution. So, now we look at a x is equal to b Jacobi method and a is assumed to be upper triangular matrix. So, in case of Jacobi method this is our formula that x i k is equal to b i minus this sum j naught equal to i divided by a i i i goes from 1 to up to n a is upper triangular and that means a is equal to b i is equal to a i j will be 0 if i is bigger than j. If we take the initial approximation to be all zeros or in fact whatever approximation you take. So, when you have got a to be upper triangular then your first equation is going to be a 1 1 x 1 plus a 1 1 x 1 plus a 1 1 x 1 plus a 1 n x n is equal to b 1. Your second equation will be a 2 2 x 2 plus a 2 n x n is equal to b 2 and your last equation will be a n n x n is equal to b n. So, in the last equation there are no x 1 x 2 x n minus 1. So, whatever are your initial iterate or initial approximation it just does not come into picture. So, this in the case of Jacobi method put i is equal to n then it tells you that x n 1 is going to be b n upper triangular matrix. So, what is your initial approximation for the n th component you have already obtained an exact value. So, we are starting with some approximation x 1 0 x 2 0 x n 0. We calculate the Jacobi iterate you are going to get the iterates x 1 1 x 2 1 x n 1 of x n 1 of which the last component x n 1 is going to be the exact value. If your matrix is upper triangular now when you go to the next iterate then what will happen will be the n th component is already exact then n minus first component will become exact. So, like that when you will do n iterates in the end the n th iterate is going to be equal to the exact solution. So, we have x n minus 1 2 is equal to b n minus 1 minus a n minus 1 n x n 1 divided by this this n th component is already exact. So, now in the second iterate n minus first component also is exact and then when you consider n iterate then we obtain the exact solution. This is about the solution of iterative solution of system of linear equations. So, what we have considered is we looked at solution of non-linear equations and now iterative solution of system of linear equations. Our next topic is going to be approximate solution of differential equations, but before we start that topic what I want to do is solve some problems which are for the Newton's method and secant method and bisection method based on those. So, we are going to look at some of the problems based on those and there are some results about the norms. So, we are also going to look at those problems. So, in the lectures we have seen that we had left something to be done in the tutorial. So, we are going to look at those problems also. So, now first let us look at the first problem. So, the problem is g is from a b to a b it is a continuously differentiable function and capital M is maximum of modulus of g dash x, x belonging to a b this is less than 1. Under this condition g is going to have a unique fixed point in the interval a b. So, I call that fixed point to be c we look at the Picard iterates. So, it is start with x 0 in a b and define x n plus 1 is equal to g of x n. Then we want to show that modulus of x n plus 1 minus c is less than or equal to m upon 1 minus m modulus of x n plus 1 minus x n. What is the importance of this example or this problem? When we proved the convergence of the Picard's iteration method we had modulus of x n plus 1 minus c to be less than or equal to m times modulus of x n minus c. Continuing the argument we got modulus of x n plus 1 minus c to be less than or equal to m raise to n plus 1 modulus of x 0 minus c since m is less than 1 m raise to n plus 1 tends to 0. So, that proves x n converging to c. So, now I know that if some conditions are satisfied then this Picard's iterates they are going to converge. Now, in practice I want to know where to stop that if I require some accuracy say the error should be less than 10 raise to minus 6. Then how many iterates I should calculate? I cannot calculate modulus of x n minus c. c is the fixed point which we do not know because we do not know we are trying to find the approximation. So, unless I am considering an illustrative example this modulus of c minus x n I cannot calculate, but what I can compare is the distance between the two. The two successive iterates so, mod of x n plus 1 minus x n. Now, suppose the two successive iterates modulus of x n plus 1 minus x n if they are small whether that will mean that modulus of x n plus 1 minus c also is small. So, the answer is yes and that is where this example shows or this is the result which we are going to show that modulus of x n plus 1 minus c is going to be less than or equal to m upon 1 minus m modulus of x n plus 1 minus x n. So, m is less than 1. So, suppose m is equal to half then this is going to be equal to far half we will have m upon 1 minus m to be equal to 1 then if modulus of x n plus 1 minus x n is less than 10 raise to minus 6 that also guarantees that x n plus 1 minus c will be less than 10 raise to minus 6. This is something one can compute. So, this gives you the stopping criteria and proof of this result is not difficult. So, let us prove this result. So, our assumption is g is continuously differentiable on interval a b c is the unique fix point g of c is equal to c modulus of g dash x is less than or equal to m less than 1 that is our assumption then x n plus 1 minus c will be equal to x n plus 1 is g x n c is g c. So, g x n minus g of c using the mean value theorem this will be equal to g dash d n x n minus c where d n lies between x n and c modulus of g dash in d n will be less than or equal to m. So, you will have modulus of x n plus 1 minus c to be less than or equal to m times mod of x n minus c. Now, here I add and subtract x n plus 1. So, I write x n minus c as x n minus x n plus 1 plus x n plus 1 minus c use the triangle inequality. So, it is less than or equal to m times mod of x n minus x n plus 1 plus m times modulus of x n plus 1 minus c take this term on the other side and then you will get modulus of x n plus 1 minus c to be less than or equal to capital M divided by 1 minus m modulus of x n minus x n plus 1. So, this is the error in the successive iterates this is going to be the error in the n plus first iterate and we have related these two errors. Now, the next problem which we are going to do is we will try to find that how big n should choose in a particular situation. So, that is going to be our next problem. So, we look at c to be the smallest positive root of f x this calculating the 0 of a function f we relate it to calculating a fixed point of another function. So, if I have a fixed point I define g x is equal to x cube minus x square minus x by 4 plus 1 by 5 then f of c is equal to 0 if and only if g of c is equal to c we are going to show this take x 0 to be equal to 0 and x n plus 1 is equal to g x n. So, these are our Picard's iterates we want to find n such that modulus of c minus x n is going to be less than 10 raise to minus 3. So, we are first going to look at how the 0's of f are going to be 2. So, it is a cubic equation. So, it is going to have 3 roots we look at the smallest positive root. So, that it is approximation we are considering we will show that f c is equal to 0 if and only if g of c is equal to c and finally, find n which will imply that the error is less than 10 raise to minus 3. So, this is our f x this 25 x I split as 5 x and 20 x then g x is our function x cube minus x square minus x by 4 plus 1 by 5.  So, we have this is our g x when I divide by f x by 20. So, I will have x cube then minus x square minus x by 4 and then plus 1 by 5. So, that is our g x and then I am dividing by 20. So, this is will be g x f x by 20 will be g x minus x or g x minus x. So, this is our g x f x by 20. So, this is our g x or equivalently g x is equal to f x by 20 plus x that gives us f of c is equal to 0 if and only if g of c is equal to c. Now, when we will want to look at the how the 0s of f they are situated f is a cubic polynomial. So, it is going to have 3 roots it can happen that all the 3 roots are real or there will be 1 real root and 1 pair of complex roots. Now, if I can find points like suppose I have got value of f at 2 points if it is of opposite sign then there is at least 1 0 there can be more than 1 0. So, there is at least 1 0. So, that is why we will try to find 3 intervals in which there are going to be in which f has 0. So, we will look at value of f at say minus 1 0 1 and 2. So, f of minus 1 you can check that it is minus 11 f of 0 is 4. So, f minus 1 and f of 0 they are of opposite sign. So, it has at least 1 root in the interval minus 1 to 0 f of 1 is going to be minus 21. So, in the interval 0 to 1 there is 0 to 1 there is 0 to 1 there is at least 1 root and f of 1 is minus 21 f of 2 is 34.  So, there has to be at least 1 root in 1 to 2. Now, f can have at most 3 roots. So, in each interval there is going to be exactly 1 root and we are concentrating on c which belongs to 0 to 1 the smallest positive root of our function f. Now, g x is our function given by this you want to calculate. So, for a fixed point iterate we need to calculate the maximum of modulus of g dash x over an appropriate interval because that is our sufficient condition that modulus of x n minus c is going to be less than or equal to m raise to n into modulus of x 0 minus c. So, we need to calculate capital M which is maximum of modulus of g dash x over interval in our case it is going to be interval 0 to 1 g is a polynomial function. So, we can calculate its derivative. When you want to find absolute value of a continuous function you have to compare the values at the two end points and at the critical point. The critical points are those points at which either derivative vanishes or derivative does not exist. In our case g is a polynomial. So, we will have to only look at the points where the derivative vanishes. Now, what happens? Hopefully one gets only finitely many such points. So, one compares the values at those points and decides which is the absolute maximum and which is also absolute minimum. One need not consider the second derivative. The second derivative test tells you only about the local maximum and local minimum. So, now we are going to look at the derivative at the two end points. The value at the two end points and the value where the derivative vanishes. That means the second derivative should be equal to 0. So, g x is given by x cube minus x square minus x by 4 plus 1 by 5. Its derivative will be 3 x square minus 2 x minus 1 by 4. The second derivative will be given by 6 x minus 2. So, this will be 0 when x is equal to 2 by 3. So, we need to compare the value at the two end points 0 and 1 and at the critical point 2 by 3. These values are minus 1 by 4, minus 1 by 4, 3 by 4 which will give us capital M to be equal to 3 by 4 and then modulus of c minus x n will be less than or equal to 3 by 4 raise to n. Now, one thing here, we do not know c x 0 is 0, but we know that c is going to be in the interval 0 to 1. So, I dominate modulus of c by 1. So, this should be less than 10 raise to minus 3. So, that gives you condition that your n should be such that 10 cube is less than 4 by 3 raise to minus 3. So, this is minus 2 n. So, in our next lecture, we are going to consider some more problems and then we will start the new topic approximate solution of differential equations. So, thank you.


For it's time for members statements the member from the peon carlton. Thank you very much speaker Neighbors helping neighbors is the motto of many of the local Ottawa food cupboards particularly in my community of Nepean Carlton And I've always been a proud supporter of our local food cupboards And never before has it become more important for us as people are choosing between Heating their homes and and putting food on the table And this is a big concern for many of the food cupboards across Ontario And that's why at this time of year and neighbors helping neighbors goes a bit further Because at this time of year when we celebrate Christmas and Hanukkah just having finished a valley and eat We are focused on the betterment of mankind and protecting the people that who cannot protect themselves And that's why I'm urging all Ontario residents to look at their local food cupboard and consider a donation I know many food cupboards are asking now for financial contribution so that they can get fresh produce and Other fresh foods, but they also like to have non perishable food items speaker But I do urge Ontarians that if they do take that route for non perishable food items that they don't give expired food I recently did a a food cupboard food razor in Barhaven for the Barhaven food cupboard And unfortunately speaker a couple hundred pounds of that food was actually expired and it didn't didn't go very far So at this time of year in Nepean Carlton Please support fam sack the Barhaven food cupboard the North Gore food cupboard the community food bank in Manatech and the Osgoode food cupboard these people are doing a lot of work with very few resources and they do need your help And that's why this Friday I'll be doing another food razor for the Barhaven food cupboard who unfortunately after the Christmas parade was cancelled last Sunday Lost an opportunity to raise food and they were expecting quite a bit So with that speaker I urge all Ontario residents to look at their neighbors help their neighbors and join their local food cupboard Thank you remember statements the member from London fan shop It is my pleasure to rise today and speak about a bill that I am tabling this afternoon to declare the first week of February Is eating disorder awareness week in the province of Ontario? Too many Ontarians are suffering in silence from these potentially fatal disorders And it's time we begin to shine a light on these fatal mental illnesses and educate the public about them However last week the Ontario Auditor General reported that quote the lack of needed services in Ontario between 2011 2012 and 2015 and 16 Resulted in the ministry spending almost 10 million to send 127 youth United States to obtain mental health services Primarily for severe eating disorders as the needed specialty services were not available in Ontario Today, Dr. Woodside from Toronto General Hospital's eating disorder program told us that 10 million that 10 million dollars This government spent to send 127 youth to the US for help could have helped more than 500 people suffering from eating disorders right here in Ontario the chilling fact those numbers prove is that this government is failing families and Children it's time to tackle this problem head-on and ensure that our healthcare system is there for Ontarians when they need it I also want to recognize the hope hopes garden eating disorder support and resource center from my hometown of London for the incredible work They do to providing services for free of charge for individuals 18 and older who struggle with disordered eating or have been affected by eating Disorder my hope is that this bill will be a good first step towards healing We are all going to help. We are here to help people. Thank you Thank You Speaker Thank You mr. Speaker today I pay tribute to a constituent of mine who passed away on November the 15th at the age of 89 Walter Charles Crothers or Wally was born and buried was passionately involved in his community serving as a Long-standing member of Rotary Probus and Kermis at Masonic Lodge as an athlete and the sports enthusiast Wally's contributions led him to become a sports very sports hull of fame inductee He was his respected businessman both owning and operating Carothers Cartage and Carothers rental Wally loved to sing he belonged to the barbershop group in Barry for many years and neighbors at his cottage on Gibson Lake Heard him singing merrily as he went visiting from cottage to cottage He loved jazz and to dance and would often ask Phyllis rules. Come on Phyllis. Let's go show them how it's done Wally was a devout Christian when he was worried that people weren't saying Merry Christmas anymore He decided to go around delivering Merry Christmas signs to convenience stores He was surprised and pleased when that all of the the convenience store clerks Enthusiastically allowed him to display the signs prominently Wally is one of the people for whom we are changing the election finances rules as he appreciated the democratic process and would always Contribute what he could afford while he lost his wife of 65 years Audrey and is survived by his children Wendy and Scott and his grandchildren and great-grandchild Wally was an unsung hero and we will miss him greatly Merry Christmas Wally. Thank you Speaker several years ago before being before being elected to this place I was at a hockey coaching clinic in Kingston with another guy from Belleville a couple of weeks ago Mike Brennan who I've been friends with since we met at that coaching clinic saw his neighbor's house Burning and sprang into action at this time of year speaker the Christmas lights out on Blessington Road in Thurlow Or one of the real wonders of the season and it's no surprise that when Mike Brennan stoke the fireplace at his home at 240 in the morning a few weeks ago That's what he thought he saw out of the corner of his eye It soon became obvious to him that the bungalow of his neighbors on nearby Forsyth Road had gone up in flames Mike screamed fire to his alert wife to call 911 on his way out the door She handed him his robe and he ran over to his neighbor's house when he got there The garage roof was collapsing and he was worried the whole house was going to come down one of his neighbors had come out of the window and was on her hands and knees on the ground and While the other was hanging about halfway out the window Mike got to him and helped leverage him out of the house By this point the bedroom was starting to burn Temperatures in the home according to the Belleville fire prevention officer Dave McMullen Would be equivalent to inside of a broiler He said Mike even went back in the house to get the family's dog out Officer McMullen says he intends to nominate Mike for an award from the Ontario Fire Marshal's office The amazing thing is it's not the first time that Mike Brennan has rushed into a burning building Almost two decades ago while working as a security guard at a Wellington group home that had burst into flames He entered the burning building Retreated from the smoke and broke a window to save a man from the fire if he gets his award from the Fire Marshal's office Mr. Speaker his mantle is going to start to get a little bit crowded. We commend him for his heroism Thank you Remember from Hamilton East only thank you speaker speaker 4.6 million Ontarians have diabetes or pre diabetes Diabetes contributes to 30% of strokes 40% of heart attacks 50% of kidney failures requiring dialysis and 70% of non-traumatic lower limb amputations It also is a leading cause of vision loss in Canada It is so important that we do everything we can to prevent diabetes and to manage it properly For children with diabetes a supportive school environment is a critical to keeping them safe and healthy Proper diabetes management reduces the risk of life-threatening emergencies Prevents or reduces the risk of serious long-term complications and ensures that students with diabetes are able to learn and fully participate in all school Activities in Ontario some schools and school boards have policies in place to address the needs of students with diabetes while others have none This means that supports vary widely from one school district to the next as a result students with diabetes are often put at risk and many parents are less Struggling to find adequate support for children who are unable to self-manage their diabetes Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec British Columbia and Newfoundland and Labrador all have province-wide policies or guidelines to support children with diabetes It's time for Ontario to do the same. Thank you Thank you further member status for member from BGC's York Well, thank you speaker and I stand in the house today to speak about Franklin A. Lang a trooper in the elegant regiment of the Canadian forces and his great niece Megan who's here today in the gallery now Frank joined the Canadian forces in 1942 just after he turned 18 He served Canada with pride during the Second World War the Korean War and during the Cold War in France and Unfortunately Frank found life difficult once his service was complete and he tragically passed away in 1977 at the age of 52 having never married with no family to call his own Fast-forward many years and Megan with a young daughter of her own began a scrapbook project to teach her about the family's stored Military history, which is where she learned about her uncle great-uncle Frank She discovered that Frank's war metal had been issued but never received And so she worked tirelessly with the Veterans Affairs Canada over many months eventually having an awarded to her along with his service badge This was just the beginning of her search for Frank whom she discovered was buried in an unmarked grave not far from his own parents in St. Thomas and on October 31st of this year Thanks to her hard work Megan stood with the family Some of whom she had discovered during her search for Frank as a military marker was placed upon his final resting place Megan continues her tireless advocacy in this area in the hopes of inspiring others to look into their own soldiers and Find their own uncle Frank's and I'd like to thank her for sharing Frank's story with all of us today And for her advocacy on behalf of all veterans. You are both shining examples of what it means to be Canadian. Thank you Thank you For the members they just met laughter Speaker earlier this year the federal liberal government implemented bill C-14 which legalized medically assisted suicide across Canada It specifically included a stipulation that healthcare professionals should not be compelled to provide medical aid and dying if they have conscience objections But in Ontario our doctors and other health care providers are being deprived of that protection Instead the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario has adopted the effective referral protocol for medical aid and dying Which may force doctors to choose between their profession and their faith Conscience or commitment to the Hippocratic oath this effective referral protocol is globally unprecedented and it's unnecessary There are viable alternatives for the provision of effective access that would allow these healthcare professionals to continue to practice with ethical Integrity I want to urge every member of this house to advocate for the rights of doctors and health care professionals Who may be compelled to perform euthanasia or other procedures or risk losing their license to practice medicine? We need a collaborative process that respects patient patients wishes will not infringing on freedom of conscience I support doctors conscience rights And I stand with the thousands of doctors and medical professionals across Ontario who are concerned about this new law I strongly encourage the government of Ontario to take action to protect the integrity of our health care system and the rights of Ontario citizens Thank you Thank you very much speaker at least twice a year we invite our neighbors in Lizgar Meadowvale and streetsville to bring their skates to one Of our local arenas for a free family skate young and old alike get some exercise I say hello to the mums and dads and try to coax some the new skaters into enjoying the quintessential Canadian activity of ice skating on Sunday December the 4th at Meadowvale for rinks about 300 people came out to share our pre-Christmas family skate I spent some time skating with Alan a little guy whose dad was himself new on skates Alan is a natural skater and he took to what to the ice like a duck to water Folks in Western Mississauga now recognize Merlin our family's 13 year old pure white cat Merlin came for a few spins around the rink in my arms and said hello to all the kids who rushed over to Patum From Andrea and I and from my office staff Andre Monica Magnolia and Manraj Who serve families in Lizgar Meadowvale and streetsville a very merry Christmas joy and Noel and a happy healthy and fulfilling 2017 as together we celebrate the 150th anniversary of Canada and of Ontario in confederation Thank You speaker. Thank you for the members things the member from Bruce Grey own sound. Thank you very much, mr. Speaker it's a privilege to share good news to my great riding of Bruce Grey own sound the city of Owen sound also known as the Scenic City has been named as one of the 22 must visit hockey towns in North America in an online article by Expedia dot ca The Expedia list included six American cities such as Detroit Pittsburgh and Buffalo and the remaining 16 are all in Canada Sadly Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto all homes to National Hockey League teams were passed over the good news However is the article describes own sound is a tiny but mighty own sound an area is big on pride when it comes to the Own sound attack the article explains it might be the smallest market team in the Canadian Hockey League But as the largest percentage of fans attending home games and the city and every small town In fact has excellent outdoor and indoor facilities and backyard rinks are part of the landscape In other words own sound area lives and breeze hockey the article concludes The article also says own sound has a long association with hockey and due to its long winters cold temperatures and open water Most residents grew up with skates and sticks. It's a hockey bashing. It's a hockey hotbed mr. Speaker it mentions that the city was honored to be selected as Rogers hometown hockey site in 2015 and home to such stars Harry Lumley who the Bayshore Community Center is named after Cyclone terror Taylor Chris Neil from Flesherton Paul McDermid from Salva beach the own sound Mercury's the grays the white remnant just goes on and on mr. Speaker my constituents are very honored to be acknowledged as one of the must hockey visit towns in North America I invite all members and all people in fact To put consider putting own sound and their Christmas bucket list visiting a rink in their area or in our great riding of Bruce Gray own sound and perhaps a Canadian tradition play a game of Shinny over the holidays. Thank you, mr. Speaker. Thank you. I thank all members for their statements. It's there


we don't make it rain on booty cheeks we don't make it rain on strippers we only reverence one stripper and that's the one that took off glory to put on humanity and then get butt-naked on a cross to die for both you and me the only stripper I'm in love with is sheets is this downright disrespectful yeah but this is the fruit of a church culture that has pastors trying to come up with something new and fresh every week a new crazy sermon analogy or illustration something shocking that'll get your attention something you can put on a t-shirt for the church's merch shop next week we've drifted so far from believing that scripture is sufficient to feed our souls but it is when the word of God is preached it won't return void and in that the gospel takes front and center


This video is sponsored by Eurooptics. Their American sales staff are all shooters, hunters, and outdoorsmen. If you call, they actually pick up the phone by someone who knows their products and will steer you in the right direction based on your needs. Their inventory is listed in real time, so if it shows in stock, then it is in stock. They ship all orders the same day and offer one and two-day delivery commitments. Check them out at Eurooptic.com. Hey there friends, thanks for checking in. Today we're going to do a range comparison with the M&P 9 Compact 2.0 and a Canik TP9SF Elite. Both very similar sized handguns. The Canik has a 4.2 inch barrel. The M&P 9 has a 4 inch barrel, but to show you how similar they are in size, I've got a Kydex holster made for the M&P 2.0 and it fits in there nice and snug. Now if we do the same with the Canik, I'll force it in just a little bit, but it does fit. I could carry using this holster right now. Let's go ahead and start with the Smith & Wesson M&P 9. Often a duty gun, a lot of law enforcement moved away from Glock to the M&P line and they seem to enjoy it. Comes with two 15 round magazines, grip panels, I'm sorry, grip modules, and a very aggressive grip texturing. A full rail right there, already mentioned 4 inch barrel, 3 dot sights, drift adjustable rear, a sight hole indicator. It has a hinged trigger with a 5.5 pound trigger pull reset right there. A very popular model. A lot of people like the M&P line. I think Smith did a good job when they came out with the M&P line and they've expanded significantly throughout the years. Huge fan base here and I've had this one for about three years now and it has performed very well for me. And it continues to. Nice handgun and I think it has proven itself throughout the years. But over here we've got the Canik TP9 SF Elite. What I like about this and it also has 15 round mags is that it offers a little more. Now the grip texturing is nowhere near as aggressive. This has interchangeable back straps but what I like about it is the trigger in particular. It has a 4.2 inch barrel as I mentioned, a trigger bar safety and they're opposed to the hinged trigger but a 4.5 pound trigger pull. The trigger bar safety is red so that's kind of cool.  It also has a rail. This has forward serrations. The M&P really doesn't have forward serrations. It has little grooves in there and there goes my mag. I just dropped. It's getting cold out here. I will tell you it is getting cold. Ambidextrous slide stop. It has a very simple takedown that I think is pretty cool. After pulling the trigger you just pull these tabs down and the slide just pops off like that. So it steps away a little bit. More and more models are like that but it does have a loaded chamber indicator bar and a striker indicator on the back plate of the slide. 28 ounces loaded or I'm sorry unloaded. 28 ounces unloaded. The M&P 9 Compact is 27 ounces unloaded. So you're looking at a very similar platform if you will type of handgun. I really like the way this fires. The TP9 SF Elite is a bit less expensive. Now I did a search prior to coming out here and I found that the snow covered M&P 9 Compact is selling for right around $500 now. Now a year and a half ago or so it would have been $400. This is currently selling for right around $400, a little bit less, maybe $370. This is selling for $500. So is it worth it? I find them both to be quality made handguns and if I were to get political about this, I'm going to blow my cover off here, if I were to get political about this I would say I would take the M&P 9 Compact all day long. American made, quality, manufacturer, no doubt about that. But if I stayed out of politics I would go with the Canon TP9 SF Elite. I shoot it I think a little bit better. I like the fiber optic front sight and I like the trigger better than the hinge trigger with the M&P 9. Both excellent handguns, happy to own both. My question for you is which one would you take? If you like videos like this please subscribe and share. I always appreciate thumbs up button. Thanks for watching and you guys be safe.