Yeah, good morning everyone. My name is Silke. I'm currently a postdoc at Boston University, but today I wanted to talk about some modeling work that I did during my PhD at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, which I finished last year. So I'll be talking about Henry Dynamics. So maybe the most obvious question is, what is a tenure or a chenille depending on how you want to pronounce it. Basically, it's a sandy ridge found on muddy coastlines. So there's this body of sand that's lying on top of and surrounded by mud. Some of you might be familiar with chenille's already part of the coastal plain, but I specifically studied the chenille's in their early phases of their life when they're still in the intertidal zone. And what makes them different from sandy ridges on sandy coastlines or barrier islands is the fact that they're on muddy coastlines. So what you see the chenille part, that's the only sand in the area. It can be sand, it can also be coarser particles, shells, but in this example it was sand. Now, why are we so interested in these chenille's? Well, my research was part of a larger research effort looking at restoring eroding mangrove mud coasts. And we can see that where these chenille's are present, as you can see in this photo, they actually dampen waves, and they can slow down eroding the erosion of mangrove mud coasts. But not only can they slow down erosion, they can even enhance recolonization. And I know if you're familiar with the theory of window of opportunity, but basically for mangroves to be able to recolonize, they need a certain time window in which the conditions are favorable for growth. And that starts basically with an inundation-free period. And this is where chenille's can play a big role because von Weißelfeldt all showed that the presence of chenille's enhances mudflat growth. So they can elevate the bed level until it's high enough for mangroves to grow. And of course they also dampen the waves, so they make sure that those really young seedlings cannot be uprooted. But the thing is, we actually know very little about these chenille's. Why are they there, and how do they move? So for this, we went to Indonesia. This is our coastline that we studied. It's part of, it's bordering the Java Sea, which is very shallow and sheltered sea. So don't expect extreme high waves. It's really a low energy coastline. To give you a bit of context, this is what the coastline looked in 1994. This is what it looks like nowadays. So the dotted line is where the coastline used to be. And as you can see, there's been a lot of erosion. Part of that is also subsidence, but at some points the coastline retreated with almost five kilometers. You might also notice that close to the old coastline, you see some dark green patches. Those are patches of mangroves that either survived or have recolonized. And often that's also where you can find a chenille right in front of that patch of mangroves. So if we zoom into one of those areas, I'll show a time lapse and I want you to focus on the area within the White Oval. Yeah, so over a period of 15 years, we saw a lot happening. Part of that is also of course because the photos were taken at different tidal elevations. But the chenille, it moved. It was sometimes a little bit more landward, sometimes a bit more offshore. There were photos where it was totally gone. But all in all, in those 15 years, most of the time there was a chenille more or less in the same location. That's actually pretty surprising observation because what we see all around the world is that chenille once they form, they will migrate onshore, and they will end up quite high on the shoreline where they can no longer be reached by waves and tides. So the fact that the chenille that we observed in Indonesia did not do this suggests that maybe for some situations there's an alternative stable state where the chenille can actually be relatively stable in the intertidal zone. So the first thing we did is we went to Indonesia and we wanted to measure this. Even though we planned our fieldwork during the northwest monsoon storm season, these were the waves that we measured. The highest waves we measured were around 50 centimeters at deep water, so that was very disappointing. But surprisingly, we actually still measured quite a lot of change at the chenille. So my hand is indicating the bed level only one day earlier. So we had one meter erosion in one place. And then the other set sensor was almost completely buried. So we had a lot of accretion. Actually the chenille pressed the highest part migrated up to eight meters per day, despite these really low conditions. So that was a bit surprising. And what made it even more surprising is that we know over the last 15 years that chenille was more or less in the same location. So what's going on? What are the processes driving? So for this we developed an idealized chenille model. You might recognize the setup. It was inspired by the barrier island model, but the big difference is that we are now dealing with a muddy coastline. So the substrate is mud and we assumed it to be static and we only looked at the dynamics of the sandy part because in the end that's what matters for the mangroves. If the sun can be there and create that shelter that it needs. And the objectives of our model was to investigate what are the processes that are driving these cross-short dynamics and also can we somehow explain a possible alternative stable state. Our reasoning behind developing an idealized model instead of using the existing process based models, for example, the L3D is that those models are computationally very expensive and we wanted to model a range of time scales going from seconds to decades. Also sometimes because there's so many processes involved, it's hard to differentiate which processes are actually driving the changes that we see. And then finally also some processes are just not well resolved right now. An example that is bar dynamics. They're known to generally flatten out bars and we know that the chenille remained relatively steep. So this was our reasoning and because we know so little of chenille dynamics itself, we had to find a way to drive our idealized model. We found kind of a hybrid approach where we still use the strengths of process based models like the L3D to calculate the migration rates. But then our idealized model is really fast to look at the longer time scales. So let me explain you how we did it. So if this is a profile, we simplified it by representing it by one dot, which is a chenille center we call it. It's the middle of the crest. And at every time step that crest center will move horizontally and vertically. And also because it's a muddy coastline and there's just that one body of sand we assume a conservation of sand volume. So if it moves it might also have to change in height and width so that the total volume of sand is still the same. And that delta X and delta Z is an hourly migration rate. And it's a function of the offshore wave height because of course waves are what most often drive sediment transport. It's also a function of the tides and the tide plays both a vertical role. Basically it determines whether or not the tenure is submerged. And if it's submerged, how high the water is on top of the tenure which we represent by H top. It also has a potential horizontal effect through currents. And basically if it's up or flood that determines direction. But if we think back about that coastline of the mark, what used to be a coastal plain is now flooded by each tidal cycle. And then during at all that water needs to flow out to a couple of narrow channels. And so the water encounters a lot of friction by the mangrove trees, but also houses and old ponds and everything that's now in a way and so basically that slows down the flow during that. And as a result, we actually get a water level gradient because the water level on the seaward side is already lower than the outflow from the coastal plain. And what happens in our model is by introducing a phase leg. So the blue line is the seaworth water level which is just a very simple type, and then landlord during app, we actually caused high tide for a bit. And then it followed the same curve so as a result, at the same time, you have a different one level on both sides of the tenure. Those Delta X and Delta Z we calculated with Delta 3D. But first we had to calibrate our model in Delta 3D using the measurements that we had. And then we simplified our profile. So now you can see the dash dotted line is the profile that we measured. The solid line is our idealized tenure profile. And then we have the dashed line which is kind of a generalized tenure profile, which was most suitable for our calculations and Delta 3D. And what those three profiles have in common is that one dots the tenure center so they're as high and they're in the same position. And we model the range of scenarios. All these values are what you can expect at our location in the mock during the Southeast Monsoon season. We did not have data to calibrate our model during the storm season. So that's why we focus on the season that we did have data for. And then the way we modeled it is we calculated for every scenario. We computed six hours first hour spin up and then four hours over which we calculate the average migration rate. And all those different scenarios led to different values of Delta X and Delta Z, which we stored in so called migration matrix. So on the left hand plot, you'll see the horizontal displacement for a set of scenarios, right hand plot is a vertical displacement. Horizontal axis is the water level on top of the tenure and vertical axis is the wave height offshore. And then you'll see the color bar of the rates. As you can see for, if we look at the left plot, for example, higher we waste mean more offshore onshore migration. On the same hand, on the other hand, the low water depth combined with high waves lowers the tenure quest. These were kind of expected results. But that was for a situation without that face like, if we include, for example, a face like of 10 minutes. So that means that now the land boundary is lagging behind on the seaward boundary. We see that now the horizontal displacements, if we have a large water depth combined with relatively slow, low waves, instead of the tenure migrating onshore we have a tenure migrating offshore. So it's interesting that we see this dynamic because that's something that we were interesting. And also for some situations, the tenure quest actually heightens, so there's not only lower. The next step was to calibrate or validate our idealized model. The first ones that we did are idealized model always predicted that the tenure quest would lower. We think that that was a result of del 3d actually flattening the bars in their model. So we mitigated this by introducing a small vertical correction of only 1.5 millimeters per hour. And with that manual correction, we actually are able to reproduce barely well it's not perfect, but we can see the trends for the first couple of days, you can see that there's barely any change and then suddenly there's a landward migration and lowering after the change is slowed down again. So now that we have our idealized tenure model set up, it's time to do some longer runs. So we developed some very idealized boundary conditions first to really understand what was going on. We had a very simple tide with only two constituents. We had a very regular wave climate in this area. You mostly have waves in the afternoon as a result of a sea breeze. So we basically just apply the constant wave condition every afternoon for a period of 10 years, I will start the animation. The line will show every year, and you'll see a dot appearing the dots are every month. So we have reproduced the classic tenure behavior of waves pushing the tenure onshore until they're up on the on the shoreline. Now if we instead of having a set of zero we introduce this phase leg. Let's see what happens then. So now we have a balancing act between waves trying to push a tenure onshore, and then that title outflow that pushes the tenure offshore. It makes this very regular loop and that's a result because in this area you have the sea breeze so the waves are always at the same time of the day. And then, because it's mostly diurnal tide, you have your timing of your high tide that shifts throughout the year. So, depending if the high tide coincides with the waves, or the low tide coincides with waves makes the waves dominant or the tide dominant. But all in all, this is actually what we were looking for because you can see that within the year the tenure is quite dynamic heightening low lowering, moving onshore moving offshore. But on the longer term 10 years, it's still more or less in the same location. But yeah, I admit it might look a bit too idealized. So, we also looked into a bit more realistic conditions. The way we did that is one we included all the title constituents not only this very regular tide. But then also, not every day we have the same wave height so the sea breeze is more or less every 50% of the days we see a sea breeze, and then also the strength of that wind and therefore the height of the waves carries. So we made a stochastic boundary as a stochastic wave climate. And then the last thing that we were having a trouble with is that right now for those 10 years we just assumed. Southeast monsoon conditions the whole year but that's not true that's true for eight months of the year and a four months of the year, you have the northwest monsoon season, but onshore winds and therefore higher waves the whole day, and occasional storms. But we did not have a way to validate our model, however, based on satellite data we know that the net effect of that storm season is that after the storm season the January is more seaworth. So we implemented this by adding a delta x storm so we would run our model for eight months, and then have a seaworth displacement and then run for another eight months. So first I'll show you again a situation where you don't have a storm season. I don't have a face like but you do have full title set of constituents and varying waves. We still see that same onshore migration but instead of being the same rate every year you now have more or less migration depending on the way so that already looks more realistic. The next thing we do we do not include here is for example storm search, because in the end that's what causes a tenure to be so high up on the coastline that it's totally stable because it, it cannot be reached anymore. So that will be like the next step to add to the realistic boundary conditions. But then we also added the situation with a small phase like and a storm season effect. It's a nice animation because it basically was a bit chaos, but what we would see is that the tenure was moving all the way everywhere, but all in all it's still pretty stable. So yeah, in summary, we developed an idealize tenure model. We now understand that the main drivers are the waves and the tides and especially the timing between waves and tides is very crucial. So this model is able to capture the classic tenure behavior of a tenure moving onshore until it's high on the on the on the shoreline. We're also able to explain an alternative stable state, which in this case is caused by substance of the coastal plane, which causes a phase lag. And depending on the timing between the waves and tides, you'll see that either onshore migration or offshore migration is dominant, which leads to on a short term very dynamic tenure. Which is good news, because even though the window opportunity for mangrove recolonization is pretty short in the order of days to weeks to build up a much that that is high enough to actually allow mangroves to recolonize, you need a tenure that's present for months to years and we think that with this, this dynamic that could be the case. And we hope that therefore mangroves are able to recolonize naturally. Yeah. Other questions for silk question. Thanks so good. That was a fantastic talk. I think I heard you say at one point that Delta 3d was flattening the junior and the you are putting a constant rate of accretion. Did that. Did you run simulations with without that. And was that kind of a consistent thing across all wave. Yeah, so if we did not apply this vertical correction, which is still a very small correction, it's only one and a half millimeters per hour. What would happen is that the tenure would lower and because we have a conservation of sand volume. It would make it a very wide tenure and in the end we would just always end up with a layer of sand over the entire shoreline shore face. We don't think that was a realistic behavior, but we would see it across all scenarios. Do you think there is an opportunity for parameterizing that in the future and what and if so, how would, how would you go about doing. I think there's already a lot of efforts trying to improve the bar dynamics in Delft 3d. Um, so I have not really looked into those, but I was hoping once that improves, we would not have to have to apply this very.  Well anyway, thanks so much that was great. If time for another question. I think you put into your model that you always conserve mass is that. And so then your senior remains. But is that always the case that you always come to us. Not really. It's a simplification. What you will see is also similar to barrier islands during very energetic storms you might have overwashed. And then actually in the mud flat behind on the back barrier side of the tenure. It's mostly mud, but you have these very thin sand layers due to overwash. So there you lose a little bit of sand. On the other hand, on the seaward side. You might still have the winnowing process is basically is basically sediment is being sort of by waves. The very fine mud remains in suspension, the sand forms a very thin layer on the bed, which is then by wave of symmetry, push towards the shoreline. So you have always a little bit of adding sediments and I also have a little bit of losing for this model we kind of assume that those balance and that therefore our conservation of volume was realistic. Will you move to modeling those other so like I know where I live, which is the Gulf Coast. We're losing our chinears. And so I'm not sure if something like that could be modeled. Yeah, I actually would love to study those chinears, because it's a whole different system they're much bigger than what we saw here. But yeah, yeah, I don't really know what's going on there.  I encourage you. So I might have one question. So I noticed that so you incorporated a lag time. And I saw in your presentation that it varies between, I think 3.5 minutes and 10 minutes. And I might have missed it. Can you explain why you experimented with that time and is it something you have tried to measure it in the field as well to see if that's realistic time like or not. Yeah. So the total range remodeled was between zero and 20 minutes. We don't really have right now a physical explanation of what would be a realistic time also we're not sure whether that's truly constant over the title cycle it might also depend on title range. So we tried measuring it, but our model, our measurements were not accurate enough to really be able to say this is a title range. I think it's like the 3.5 minutes is more realistic than the 10 or the 20 minutes, but to be able to capture the dynamics we also tried to figure out. Thank you. Thanks for the questions.


Wrigley's Spareman Chewing Gum, the refreshing delicious treat that gives you chewing enjoyment, presents for your listening enjoyment, Edmund O'Brien as... Johnny Dollar. Johnny. This is Louise Costa. Oh, Louise. Say, that's funny. I was thinking of you and Lucky just this morning. Were you? Yeah. How are you? That's why I called you. What's the matter, Louise? Something about Lucky? Maybe I'm getting tired of being a detective, wife. Hey, wait a minute. That doesn't sound like you. No, but something's wrong. He's been on a case and he had to go to San Francisco, or at least that's what he told me. I haven't had one word, not even a postcard in a week. That doesn't sound like Lucky. Maybe he's in trouble. It's a divorce case, Johnny. Could I talk to you about it? Maybe I'm all wrong, but I'd like to know. Yeah, sure, Louise. I'll be over in about an hour, if that's all right. The makers of Wrigley's Spareman Chewing Gum bring you Edmund O'Brien in another adventure of the man with the action-pact expense account. America's fabulous freelance insurance investigator. Yours truly, Johnny Dollar. For a refreshment while you work, for enjoyment anytime, chew a stick of Wrigley's Spareman Gum.  The good, smooth chewing helps keep you feeling fresh and alert. Adds enjoyment to whatever you're doing. So indoors, outdoors, at work or play, enjoy chewing Wrigley's Spareman Gum. Wrigley's Spareman. Refreshing, delicious. Expense accounts submitted by Special Investigator Johnny Dollar to New York Police Department, Attention Homicide Bureau. I know I expect you to honor this statement, but for the sake of convenience, I'll use my regular report form. The following is an accounting of expenditures during my investigation of the lucky Costa matter. His real name was Frank Costa. I don't know where he picked up the lucky tag that he'd had it five years ago when both of us were on the payroll of one of the big detective agencies. He opened his own offices about the same time I went into insurance. I got to know him and his wife well, but not intimately, and I liked them both. So when she phoned with Rory and her boys, I went over to see her. In a way, I wish I hadn't. You're kind of silly and embarrassed. Well, you don't have to talk about anything you don't want to, Louise. Why don't we go to dinner and a movie and forget the detective racket for a while? That doesn't work. I've tried it. Johnny, it's not only this week that I haven't heard from you. Lucky's changed. How? It's nothing I can explain to you. If you'd seen him every day, you probably wouldn't have noticed anything, but something that a wife could see. Thing with his eyes when he didn't know I was looking at him. Whatever. Far away as if he was thinking it's something that I didn't have any business knowing about. You know Lucky's never been like that. Well, I guess any man keeps secrets when it's his job, too. Lucky never has with me. He doesn't need to. As far as his job went, he's always told me that it didn't good to come home and talk things over with me. Even things he really wasn't supposed to talk about. It hasn't been that. You think he's mixed up with another woman, don't you? I started over a month ago, Johnny. I've been used to Lucky being away. You know that. Yeah, I guess you'd have to be. Like I said, I knew when things got different, when it was more than just being away from me. You sure you aren't imagining things? I'm not imagining, but I haven't heard from him in all this time. That never happened before. How long has this been going on, this change you speak of? I tried to remember exactly when I first noticed it. I think it was one night about a month ago. I asked him what he was thinking about, and he sort of came to and said something that I don't remember now. Did you press it any further? A couple of times, and then I didn't anymore. Because it made me think he was hiding something from me. I didn't want to think that. I kept telling myself that everything was all right, but now I know it wasn't. Was he on a case a month ago? He was tracing some phonies. It doesn't have anything to do with work, Johnny. I know that. He traced phonies before. He'd done everything before it wasn't work. Well, I don't have a wife's viewpoint, but I know Lucky pretty well. Some things about him I know better than you do. It seems to me that if he was going to go wrong with a woman, he'd have done it a long time ago. We met some, you know. Yes, I've heard. Does his brother still live here in town? Yes, but I haven't phoned him. Same address on board, wasn't it? Yeah. Are you going to see him? Yeah, I thought I might. I'll check on Lucky, don't you? I don't know what I want. Yes, I want to find out. All right. I think his brother is the best place to start. The last time I'd been at the Broad Street address had been for the funeral of the carster's mother. The house was a few years more beat up than it had been. Some old chicken coop stood empty in the backyard, and Joe, the brother, pulled up in an old car after I'd thumbed the doorbell three or four times, and it started to leave. I took the wife and kids over to the park so I could have some peace for an hour or so. Yeah, I almost missed you. I'm glad you didn't, shiny. It's been a long time. How things been going with you? Fair joy. You? Guy could make a living. But making it go far enough is another story. Take them in the house. Sure, thanks. I'm working over brickers now. It's better spotting the old job. I had one raised already and got another one coming up. Man, that sounds good, Joe. You still doing the same thing? You, uh... See much of Lucky anymore? No, no, not for six months, anyway. As a matter of fact, I came here to talk to you about him. Yeah? What about him? Well, I wondered if you'd spoken to him before he left San Francisco last week. No. I talked to Lucky for the last time as far as I'm concerned. That was about a month ago. Listen, I thought you two were okay that you got along all right. You're a pretty good friend of his, aren't you, Johnny? Well, you know how it was. We just fell together when we were with the agency. Yeah, we're good friends. Maybe I see him only twice a year, but he's almost the only guy I've held onto. Did he ever tell you about his first wife? He was married before? Yeah. Did he ever tell you about the year in six he spent in prison? Joe, are you serious? Yeah. That's the way Lucky is. He don't let his friends know anything about him, but he don't want them to know. He's always been like that. There's always been two sides to Joe, but he's always been in prison to him. It was Grand Theft. It was all this girl that he married, his first wife. He stole some furs for her. How long ago? 12, 15 years, I guess. Well, we're still living in Brooklyn. Lucky was a wild kid when he was 18 or so, and he still got some of it in him. Who was this woman he married? Her name was Hazel Mackie, and she called me about getting in touch with Lucky. Oh? When? That was about a month ago. When Lucky saw Hazel again, I said, you got a new wife now.  You're married to a nice kid. But I could tell I wasn't getting told. He was going to see her. I knew that. So I told him if he did, it was the end of him and me, brother or no brother. You were sure he saw her? Before he left that he would. She had some kind of a hold on him back when they were married, and she still got it. What do you want with Lucky, Jenny? Louise called me. He's dropped out of sight. Sure he is. I knew he would. Where can I find this Hazel? New York. She's got an apartment on 82nd. You got the number? Yeah. Come on in the other room. I'll get it for you. This Hazel Mackie? Yeah. Who are you? My name is Dollar. I'm a friend of Lucky Consters. Oh, come on in. Thanks. You know where Lucky is? Not at the moment, no. Who are you? I told you he's been missing for a week. I'm looking for him. He's on a case. Is he working for you? What kind of a case? I don't know, but it's any of your business. I need a detective, so I hired him. Is that all right? It would be if he were on the up and up about it, but he isn't. As far as his wife knows, he's in San Francisco on a divorce case. I can't help what he tells his wife. How did you get here? You'd better tell me about you. I guess his wife doesn't know. I guess that's why he told her he was going to San Francisco. No, not for a while. Do you think I ought to send his wife to the police? I don't see why you should. I will if I don't find out about the cases, huh? Hey, what's with this pressure stuff? What's the case? I needed a body guard. I was engaged to a guy who was sent to prison. It was there two years, and I... I changed my mind about him. He's out now, and I'm afraid of him. Who is he?  You've got a lot of nerve. None of this is any of your business. I've already stuck my neck out and made it my business. So if I don't find out these things from you, I'll find them out from someone else. Yeah, I guess you would. His name is George Myers. What makes you think he's going to cause you any trouble? Some of the things he told me when I went to visit him. It's hard to talk sense to a man who's been in prison that long. I tried to tell him how I felt, but he'd throw his top and make a lot of threats. Where is he now? I don't know. He's been out a week. Lucky's trying to get a line on him. He hasn't contacted you yet? Nobody will. When it's over with him, we get things straightened out. Lucky can go back to his wife.  No, a few things don't figure. You answered the door buzzer, not like a dame that's afraid of someone coming, but I suppose you're right. It's Lucky's business, how he earns his money. I'll tell him you dropped in. It's up to you. Good night. So long. I put off telling his wife for two days because I didn't know how, and because I didn't think it was up to me to tell a thing she never knew about her husband. But on the third morning, it broke. The story made page one part two of all the New York dailies. The body of ex-convict George Myers had been found the night before. He'd been shot to death by what they called an unknown assailant. I phoned a brother, Joe Costin, met him outside Brickers during his lunch hour. All right, Johnny, what's up? Well, maybe the local papers didn't carry it here. This one. What about it? Who's this Myers? Friend of Hazel Mackey's. She told me she hired Lucky to bodyguard her against this Myers. You mean Lucky killed him? I don't know, Joe, but it looks bad. Yeah, bleed this last bag out. Myers went to prison on a robbery rap that the money was never recovered. There's $200,000 floating around, Joe. I can't help wondering if this Mackey woman hadn't her finger on it. Why do you have to tell me this, Johnny? Because I couldn't carry it myself. I talked to Hazel, and she told me to put the finger on Lucky. I want to do it early because I'm going to have to go to the police with it. This is going to kill Louise. You know that. What can I do, Joe? Well, it seems to me you could stop playing hero. We don't have to run to the police if Lucky did it. Let them find out. You don't have to tell them. Joe, listen to me. If they get to Hazel Mackey and she tells them about talking to me, then what happens? Then I'm in trouble. I can't afford that, Joe. I've got to stay clean with the police. Sure, stay clean no matter what it does to Louise. That's the way it is, then. I didn't ask to get mixed up in it. I didn't tell Louise what I found out about him, but it's out of hand now, Joe, and there's nothing I can do. Go ahead, then. Go ahead.  Joe! Joe! That's our racket. Refreshment while you work for enjoyment anytime. We have Wrigley's Spearmint Gum. When your mouth feels dry, when you're warm or tired, Wrigley's Spearmint is really refreshing.   Helps you feel your best and do your best. So for chewing enjoyment plus pleasant refreshment, chew delicious Wrigley's Spearmint Gum.  The apartment for New York on the 110 that afternoon. When I got there, the later editions reported the usual rounding up of known criminals who were being grilled about the Maya shooting. And the closer I got to the apartment on 82nd Street, the rougher the whole thing looked to me. What do you want? Where is he now? Lucky. I don't know. I don't know. I told him to give himself up but he wouldn't. Did he kill George Myers?  How did it happen? Lucky had a room over at the Montclair and George must have followed me over there. You went across town so you could be with your bodyguard. Yes. And the man you were afraid of followed you. Yes. You were either not very bright or not very scared. Go ahead. Well, about two o'clock we came out and George was waiting in the lobby. He followed us out on the street and started swearing at us. He took a sway at me and then Lucky tried to stop me. He pulled a gun out of his pocket and that's when Lucky shot him. That sounds very neat. What do you mean? Sit down. I've got a theory that I'll try out on you when I get close, tell me. The $200,000 that never showed up after George Myers' arrest. For a split of that, Lucky agreed to kill him. You're crazy. You hire a detective as a bodyguard. Theoretically, he could kill the man you were afraid of and ride out of it on his license and a self-defense plea. It was self-defense. George pulled a gun. The police didn't find it. If it was self-defense, why didn't Lucky report it like he should have? I wanted him to. We came back here and I begged him to phone the police. What about the $200,000? I don't know anything about it. You mean it'll be hard to prove that you do? I said I don't know. I take it you haven't phoned the police. No. I know I should, but I just can't do it to Lucky. You know what? I'm going to call them, don't you? I thought you said you were his friend. Not that good a friend. What can they do to me? Hold you as a material witness while I try to get some proof together that you dragged Lucky into this. Dragged him into it. I hired him. I told you that. I was afraid of George and I hired him. And he killed Myers. A line of duty ended in self-defense. Why didn't he turn himself in? I don't know. I wanted him to. You must have given him some reason for not doing it. What did he say? Well, he said that everything was all ruined now and that he'd run away. All ruined now and that he'd rather take a chance on getting away. Why was it ruined if he killed himself the fence? I'd have to do it. I don't know. Were you going to help him get away? We didn't talk about that. He was like a crazy man pacing the floor. And then he left about 3.30. Where was he going? He didn't say. Was he going to get in touch with you? Yes. He said he'd try to call. Well, you won't be here to take the call. I want the police to hear your story. The officer who answered my call was Lieutenant Carl Belder. Two uniformed men who were with him took Hazel Mackey back to headquarters and he listened to my theory. We searched the apartment without finding proof of her holding any amount like $200,000.  We waited the rest of the afternoon for Lucky to call and he finally did an hour or so after dark. Go ahead, darling. That might be him. Johnny, darling. Who? This is Lucky. This is Johnny, darling. Don't hang up, Lucky. I'm all right, Lucky. How are you? Fine, fine. Yeah, I can imagine. What was the matter with you? I don't have the slightest idea what you're talking about.  What are you doing in my girl's apartment? She's not lonesome. She's down visiting New York's finest.  You kidding? I like it where I am. You still figuring on trying to run out? Sure, it's worth a chance.   Why don't you play it that way? Heaven is called face, Johnny. I hope we wouldn't have to play games like them. I thought if I could talk to you, you'd come to your senses. Can I meet you someplace where we can talk it over? No, thanks. You're a good guy, Johnny, but I think you might sell me out. You've already been sold out. What's the matter with you? You know, if positions were reversed, I'd give you a hand. I wouldn't ask you to. Anybody gets himself in a mess like you're in shouldn't expect help. Now use your head, Lucky. Let's get this over with. Sure. Sure, I'll meet you in Times Square. New Year's Eve, Johnny. Lucky? He's gone.  Wouldn't he have believed you if you talked like you were going to help him? No, he knows me better than me. Well, that's a tough spot, Dollar, an old friend like that.   Well, everything should be colored by now. Do you know him well enough to guess what he'll try? I don't think so because a killer isn't the guy I knew. His clothes are still in the hotel room. I don't think he'll try for them now. He's got about $200 in his pocket. I don't have any idea what he'll try, Lieutenant. I guess all we can do is wait. An officer was posted at the apartment, and Lieutenant Belder and I went down to headquarters. Instead of questioning Hazel Mackie held to a story that she knew nothing about any $200,000, that she'd been afraid of George Meyers, that she'd hired a detective in Good Faith to protect her, and that after Meyers had been killed, she had pleaded with Costa to give himself up. It seemed apparent to me then, after having talked with him, that she had her statement well rehearsed and felt that if she stuck to it, there was no way for us to prove anything else. I stayed in New York that night and the next, waiting for something to break. It came from Hartford. Joe Costa wanted to see me as soon as possible. I got here as fast as I could. How's Louise? Not very good. Sit down. I'm sorry about blowing up the other day. Sorry? I didn't blame you. It was a bad time for both of us. You were right, Johnny. All I could think of then was he's my brother, but now it don't make any difference.  There's nothing to do but stop him. You're right, Joe. I had to quit my job over and I couldn't take it the way the boys were looking at me. They wouldn't talk to me. It'll smooth over. What'd you want to talk to me about, Joe? Has he contacted you? Yeah, he phoned me. He wants for me to give him some money so he can get away. He needs more than money now. He'll never get out. Why don't you tell him? Well, I told him I didn't have any to give him. That was the time I knew for sure that you were right up on him. So when he asked me again, I told him I'd see what I could do about raising some. I told him to call back tonight. I... I did that so I could sell him out to you. It was the right thing to do, no matter what you think. He wouldn't think twice about pulling you into this mess, Joe. And that's what he did. He asked you to be a party to the killing. Yeah, I know that. When is he going to call? Sometime after 7 o'clock. Does he want you to meet him? Yeah, that's right. With 200 bucks. He's going to tell me where when he calls. He's still in New York, isn't he? Yeah, in Manhattan. He want me to talk to him? Yeah, if he gives himself up, I kind of figure they might take it easy around him. It could be. That's a deal, Joe. I'll talk to him. I'd like to see him go in by himself.  Yeah, yeah, that'd be fine. This is some new stuff for my wife's folks. I took her and her kids up to their house and stayed until this blows over. You'd think we were all criminals away people three this and this town. The call came in about 8.30. The meeting place was a flat near the Bowery. The time was about 10 the following night. I was there at five minutes after. Hi, Lucky. What's this?  You like it better than a home with a wife?  Joe sold me out, huh? He gave you a break. He didn't call the police. He sent me some money? No. You think you had any right to ask him to? I need some dough, Johnny. I'm running short. What about your girlfriend? You can shut up about that, too. A double cross, Lucky, huh? Yeah. Yeah, a double cross. A real good one. I got no beef coming. You're going to let Hazel get away with it? Not worth a murder wrap to square with her. You know who set up the double cross for her? Who? You're dead, Johnny. You stumbled into this thing and set it up for her. Maybe she'll send me a gold watch. I saw her three days before you killed him, Lucky. If you knew I stumbled in, why didn't you pull out? She didn't tell me about you until after I killed him. Oh, that's the way it went. Yeah. One little thing Hazel forgot, and she hoped it wasn't important. She hadn't wanted to bother me with it, but a friend of mine acted like he was suspicious of what we were doing. All it did was blow the whole thing sky high. I was going to cop with self-defense play, but you were around sniffing out the premeditation. I didn't have a chance. That's tough, Lucky. I'm sorry it didn't work out for you.  I came into this with my eyes open. I know what kind of an operator she was. I'm not beaten. There was a chance to make a hundred grand, so I took the jump, so I lost. What now, Lucky? I was going to ask you. You want a drink? No, thanks. Won't drink with me, eh? Not right now, Lucky. Afraid I'll slip you, Mickey? I wouldn't put it past you if I was in your way. You are in my way. Aren't you, John? Everybody's in your way now. The whole world. You can't make it, Lucky. You won't get out of town. How much you got says I won't. Start making sense. You've been on the right side of enough of these things to know you're finished right now. Oh, I'm not.  They may give you a break if you give yourself up. Save it. We're talking about it. What are you going to do? I'm not sure now that Joe sold me out. I'm in a bad spot, Johnny. I know that. I'm not ready to quit yet. Joe didn't sell you out. He wanted to give you a chance to give yourself up just like I do. We're still your friends, Lucky. We can't stand by you if you won't do the right thing. But I'll go it alone. When? Didn't buy that. What do you think I'm going to do, Lucky? Sit here with you until you get ready to leave? I sort of hope you would. Make it easier if you did. Well, I can't. I came here to give you a break. I've made my offer. Come with me. Give yourself up. Oh, I can't do that. Well, then I'm leaving. I'm telling the first cop I see to come and get you. You're going to put a gun on me, Lucky? Yeah. I can't let you leave. Then you'll have to use it.  I'm sorry, Johnny. You got nothing to lose? You won't get blamed if I get out of here. I can't let you, Lucky. I'm not bluffing. I'll have to see. I'm leaving. I'll ask you once more to go with me. Don't try it, Johnny.  That's your privilege, Lucky, because you're already a killer. Johnny. Yeah? I'm telling you don't. Johnny, I'm telling you. Johnny, I told you. Well, darling? He won't give up, Lieutenant. Well, we'll take him then. He's armed and he's drunk. Take it easy on him if you can. He could have killed me. He didn't. The confessioners sat down in this report as worthless as evidence. And as far as proof goes, you are still unable to charge Hazel Mackey for her part of the conspiracy. But after Frank Costa died trying to fight his way out of the flat, I want to suggest that she be picked up again and grilled until she breaks. She's as guilty as he was. That was truly Johnny Dollar. Remember, friends, for a refreshment while you work for enjoyment anytime, chew a stick of Wrigley's Spearmint Gum. There's lots of lively, real mint flavor in it to cool your mouth, freshen your taste, and sweeten your breath. And chewing Wrigley's Spearmint helps keep you fresh and alert. You feel better, work better, get more fun out of doing things. So indoors, outdoors, at work or play, always keep delicious Wrigley's Spearmint Chewing Gum handy. For a refreshment while you work for enjoyment anytime, chew a stick of Wrigley's Spearmint Gum. Yours truly, Johnny Dollar, brought to you by Wrigley's Spearmint Gum, stars Edmund O'Brien in the title role and is written by Gil Dowd with music by Eddie Dunstetter. Edmund O'Brien can now be seen starring in the Paramount Pictures production, Warpath. Featured in tonight's cast were Virginia Gregg, Gloria Blondel, Hi, Everback, Peter Leeds and Sidney Miller. Yours truly, Johnny Dollar, is produced and directed by Jaime Del Valle. Here's a Wrigley's Spearmint Chewing Gum.  We invite you to join us next week at this same time when from Hollywood, Edmund O'Brien returns in another adventure of... Yours truly, Johnny Dollar. Bob Stevenson speaking. This is the CBS Radio Network.


What's going on, everyone? Sam here, late in sports cards. We've been 22, Penini Prison football hobby, four box break number 49, pick your team style. Let me read off a list of our names and our teams. We've got Callum F with the Giants, Carlos F Vikings, Chris P, Bill's Danny C with the Packers, Dustin M. Chiefs, Dustin K. Niners, Edward P. Ravens, Eric V. Bears, Frank M. Raiders, Garrett C. Colts, Harper B. Football team, Jeff M. Texan, Seahawks, Jeffrey H. Patriots, John M. Eagles, Kenny S. Steelers, Michael P. with the Browns, Nick H. Cardinals, Pichette P. Bengels, Rick E. Falcon, Sean M. Buck, Stephen W. Panthers, Rams, Titans, Tao Lin P. with the Chargers, Terry S. Cowboys, Thomas R. Lions, Broncos, Dolphins, and Jags. Good luck here, everybody. Let's do it. Illegal. We're trying to think of a good give us a good filly. There's a lot you can do here. Ryan Madsen. Brian Madsen. Yeah, that's a good one. I mean, if we're going relievers, there's some random relievers. Hecker-Narris. Yep. I'm sure Lashroy Hawkins made a stop there at some point. Silver Lockdown, Cameron Hayward. Purple Heights, Brian Burns. To the 225. Andrew Booth Jr. and Snoop Connor. Maybe not so random. Skymore. Rookie. Orange. Barry Sanders to 249 for the Lions. Malik Willis Rookie. And Jeremy Rucker. He said Jeremy Godfrey. Give me a couple good fillies. We said Erin Herang is another one too. Brandon Iock. Ooh, Barry Sanders on the Silver Auto for the Lions. Nice one there, Detroit. The great one. That's awesome. Congrats, D-Town. Picking that one up. That is Thomas R. Here you go, Thomas. Rich Gannon, Orange to 249. Skymore and David O'Java. I've only got 10 teams left now. Vince Velazquez. For who? Prism Break, Kenny Pickett. Three-Handle Cormier. Navy Camo, Jay Jeddas. Nice one there for the Vikings. That is 18 of 25. Jersey number. Very cool. Congrats, Minnesota. You can tell us that in the recap. Jerome Ford, Matt Corral. Daniel De Los Santos. Yeah, we got an RPI. We got a Purple Power RPI. As a matter of fact. Give me a pirate now. Chris Archer. Silver Micah Parsons. We've got a Desmond Ritter. 24 of 49. Going to the Falcons. Nice one there. That's awesome, dude. The recolored RPA. Desmond Ritter. Going to Rick E. James Cook and Kyle Hamilton. Here too. Remandre Stevenson. Green Scope to 75. Nashi. That'll be a random one in about three years. Zeke Najee. Prism Break, Kyle Pitts. Silver. Letter me, Tonsil, Red Wave to 149. Devonte Wyatt and Kade York. I feel like there's been a guy that's been there for like ever. Yeah, he was good though for a bit. Like he was like their ace when they were in the playoffs. Silver, George Pickens. Gotta give me more here. Blue Ice, Marcus Bariota 99 for the Falcons. Nicoby Dean and Kyle Phillips. My brain here. I guess I should have saved Wandy Wattery. John Dotson, Fireworks Rookie. Jerry Hughes. There's Andrew Booth Jr. to 199. Naylor and John Metschy. Tony Watson. That's a good one. That's a good one. That's a really good one. Give me a cub. Devonte Williams. There is Kenneth Walker to 299. Nice one there, Seahawks. 93 of 225. I know it's a 299. 225, that is. Montgomery, oh yeah. Got the final out of the World Series. Yeah, that's a good one. Silver, Aaron Jones. Purple, Matt Jones. Nice one there for the Patriots to 125. George Pickens, Rookie. And Boye Moffat. This got me a better one for the cub. I'll give you a good one for the burgers. Yeah, give me one. Yeah, that's a good one. Ben Sheets. Ben Sheets was my other one, yeah. Silver, Khalil Shakir. Caleb loves Ben Sheets. Brent Suter. Oh god. Deuce McAllister to 199. I got a couple good ones for the Cardinals. Kway Walker, Alec Pierce. Chris Carbonary. No, that is a good one. What's up? He was really good. He was really good. He was good, but he's just like forgotten because it's like long, long-ish ago now. Hans Lynn, I know. Dantro Willis, Red's Legend. Red's Legend, D-Train. He was a Tiger's Legend too. Oh yeah. Let's see if you can get my two Cardinals, I'm thinking of.  That's like his childhood favorite player. Dan Marino to 149. Dolphins, Redwaith, Son Haskins, Jaylen Petrie. I make her see it. Oh, that's a good one. Jason Simotachi for the Cardinals. There's Tyree Kilt. Nice one there on the Purple Power to 49 for the Dolphins. And Orange is Ty Chandler to 249 for the Bikes. Vakite and Sausgardner, buying the Ben Sheets autos in my LCS. I would say like mid to late 2000s to like the 2010s. Silver, John Dotson. Zabean Howard to 175. Does he really? That's pretty funny actually, illegal. Aden Hutchinson, Brian Cook. I think, I know one was a reliever for sure. And I think the other, I think they might both be relievers. I don't remember, one of them I do not remember which one he is, but one of them I know is a reliever for sure. Silver is Clyde O'Rizalair. Blue Wave, Steve Young. Jason Marquis. Oh my god. It's a 199. There's Montrell Washington, Nick Bonino. Silver all out, Josh Allen. Purple, Alec Pierce-Rookie for the Colts. Nice one there to 125. Cleal Shakir and Traylon Burks. Jason Mott. Yes, that's one. That's one. Jason Mott is one. Good poll there. Is this other one more obvious? Not really. Silver Debo. That is Cam Akers, 12 out of 75 for the Rams. Nice one there. Christian Watson-Rookie and Jordan Davis. Like, when I tell you, I'd probably be like, oh man, I forgot about that guy, but Jamar Chase-Brilliance. There's Jamar Chase, Blue Wave to 199. Jason Marquis, that's a good one. K-Bon Thibodeau and Tray McBride. Jason Ingerhausen would have been a good one. I was gonna say Ingerhausen, but I didn't know if he was too obvious. Malik Willis, Jeff Soupon. I don't even know that, to be honest. Bernie Kosar to 225. Taekwondoor and Kyler Gordon, really is that. Make sure I'm saying his name, Jeff Soupon. Yeah, there we go. He's a baseball coach now. Jeff Soupon, there he is. Yeah, I've never seen him. All right, next pack. All right, I'm gonna be a red as well. We're always making Homer Bailey jokes for no reason. It's Jim Kelly. We've got nice Bailey Zappy. Nice one there for the Patriots. Congrats on that. Oh, Super's a starter, gotcha. There's Treson Abner and Garrett Wilson-Rookie. I didn't realize he was a starter, to be honest. I thought I would have bet my life he was a reliever, but no, he was good. Oh, Snakeskin. Come on, babies. Give us a rookie. Rookie is Nick Benito. Nice one there. Congrats, Denver on the Snakeskin case hit. One last teamstaking. You can throw that in the recap too. Nice. Desmond Ritter, Greenscope, 52 out of 75. Balkans having a really good break now. Congrats on that, Atlanta. We mag that for sure. Rashad White Rookie and Kenny Pickett. Reds are tough. Because I feel like Guy is just coming to go from there. Silver Debo. Orange is Eli Mitchell to 249. That's a good one. Chris Olava and Charles Cross. He's supposed to be the next guy for the Royals too. That's a great one. Who'd they trade? Oh, Kwayto, right? He was in the Kwayto trade, I believe. Silver Breezholk for the Jets. We got Purple Ice, Jeffrey Simmons for the Titans to 225. Evan Neal and Pierre Strong Jr. What was I going to say? All right, now we got to finish this out. Diamondbacks. This is a good one. Timonbacks. They've had a lot. I'd like to play the Jose Valverde. Far. We got to go even more round than that. That's not it. He was actually a pretty good closer for a while. Where else did he see Detroit? He was good, I think. We're going to have to stop at Houston as well. Micah Parsons. Son Haskins on the Blue Wave. Nice one there, 2190 for the Titans. Bonte White. Kade York. Silver Kareem Hunt. There's Brian Cook. Cook Rook on the Rookie Auto for the Jets. Kway Walker and Alec Pierce. Why are you throwing me throughout, isn't it? Silver Hype. Najee Harris. Red Wave. Don Mcnab for the Eagles, the 149. What era? Booth. Snoop Conner. Like early 2010s. Yeah, I was going to say Brandon Webb is the same way. He's always the first one I think of. Psy Young winner, Brandon Webb. There's Chris Olava. Green Scope. Eli Mitchell, 275. Jalen Naylor and John Mechie. This is going to be so funny when you look it up too. I already know this is going to be a 21. Silver John Lynch. We've got Green Scope. Fran Tarkinson. 31 out of 49 for the Vikings. Congrats on that. Nice one there, Minnesota. Fran Tarkinson. Green Scope. That is Nick Mangold to 125 for the Jets. Legend. Brian Robinson, George Carl Aftis. Do not find it. George Pickens Rookie. Blue Wave, George Carl Aftis, the 149. Pascal and DeCoby Durant. Devonta Smith. There is Jonathan Greenert to 175. I kind of agree with that actually, Gary. It's a good, that's a very good take right there. JJ Putts.  Oh my god. That's a good one. Silver Kenny Clark. Alan Lazzard to 99. So the Packers. Got Bailey Zappi Rookie. To remove my reds gear immediately, what's up, Greg? This is a Buccaneers t-shirt or jersey though. Yeah, the reds hat just went very well with it today. Ramadre Stevenson Purple Ice to 225 for the Patriots. Jerome Ford and Matt Corral. All right, give me a Rocky now. Some really good ones there. Byung-Yung Kim. That's my favorite. Mike Dunn. Julie Shashin. Jaylen Tolbert to 175. I feel like that one. Nice rookie there for the Cowbrooks. Rhysol Rookie and Kyra Elam. Remember that one too. Silver Traylon Birx for the Titans. Orange Mandrews for the Ravens to 249. Kaydotton and Tyrion Davis Price. TDP. Sean Chacon. Oh man. Sean Chacon's a good one. Here, I'll show you right after this one. This is an awesome one. I have to say, Gary. Drake London Emergence Silver Rookie. Quitty Pay to 199 for the Colts. Skye Moore and David O'Jobbo. We've got Cadillac Williams. Cadillac Williams. That's a name you could throw in a random player. Let's see. Give me a Padre. Matt Letos. He's actually kind of solid. Ian Kennedy. Was he on the Foggers? Yeah, I think he was. He could use him for the Diamondbacks too. Or the Yankees. Wow, that's generous. I would hammer the under on that one. No offense, Greg, but I would hammer the under on that. Jake Peevee. That's a good one. It's a really good one. We've got Damien Pierce on the camo. 13 to 25. Nice one there. Congrats, Houston. That's cool, man. Texans. Gonna be Jeff M. There you go, Jeff. Kyle Hamilton to Kobe Dean. Give me a giant. Give me a really good giant. Desmond Ritter Red Waves now. There we go. Atlanta to 149. You can mag the Pierce, by the way. That's a good one for the Giants. I'd go Brian Wilson. Sergio Aroma. Sergio Aroma. That's a good one. Matt Kane. What about Matt Kane? Jeremy Afell. That's Malcolm Rodgers. Silver Rookie. Adam Thielen, Purple Ice to 225. It's up Zaden. Christian Watson and Jordan Davis. Santiago Castilla. That's a good one. Welcome Zaden. Silver Rashaun Slater. Blue Wave, Jimmy Garoppolo to 199. Kyle Phillips, Wondale Robinson. Oh, we got to do Dodgers on the last team at the Dodgers. Silver George Kill. Mike Bolsinger. What a way to end it. Dante Cole Pepper to 149 on the Sensational Signatures. Probably the longest one we're in that history in the state. Nice one there. Trent McDuffie and George Pickens. Undefeated spoke. Top 10 OPS players. Yeah, that's going to be you. I'm not going to be any help there. Oh, yes. Silver, Justin Herbert. Does this count? There's Eli Manning to 49. Barry Bonds count. 5,000 plate appearances. It's like one Thornton, Kyler Gordon since 1960, probably. He's got to be on there, right? Ooh, Goldvinyl. Come on, give us something big. Give us something big. It's going to be Giants. Non-Rookie is Eli Manning. Nice one there, G-Men. Three of five. That's really cool, dude. Can you mag this one?  Goldvinyl, Eli Manning to five. That looks so clean. Boy, I'm off a Tyler Elger. That's sick.  Bonds is number one. What's OPS? That's basically like... On base plus slugging. And a gold right in the next pack. Wow. Let's go, dude. We're getting spoiled here. As I say, grippy. Bills is Josh Allen. Wow. Six of 10 on the gold. What a break, man. Some crazy color coming out of this one. Congrats on that Buffalo. Got that one mag, too. Ritter Rookie and Greg Dualsich. Yeah, grippy's a good bet, always. Grippy not on there. Wow. Desmond Ritter. So we're thinking homerun hitters, basically. Jonathan Allen to 99. Shod White Rookie and Kenny Pickett Rookie. So that's what he said. It's on base plus slugging. Schmidt. Schmidt's a good one. Silver Patrick Sertan. We've got Skyler Thompson. Silver Rookie Auto for the Dolphins. Nice one there, Miami. Chris Olave and Charles Cross. What about like Jeff Kent? Would he be on there? Chris and Break, Kenny Pickett. Schmidt 29. Wow. Terry Bradshaw Purple to 125. Alderbaquita and Sauce Gardener. Silver Johan Dotson. Orange Vincian to 249. Isan Haskins and Jalen Petrie. I'll do it for the breakout. Fantastic four-boxer here. Let's do a quick recap. We had Justin Jefferson, that is jersey number to 25. Snake Skin, Nick Benito. Barry Sanders. Skyler Thompson. Brian Cook. Bailey Zappi. Dante Cole Pepper. Cam Akers. Fran Tarkington. We had Eli Mann and Gold Vinyl to five. A Damian Pierce to 25. Desmond Ritter, Green Scope to 75. Desmond Ritter, Purple Power RPA to 49. And Josh Allen, Gold to 10. That'll do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the fill. Next up, full case of Obsidian.


I love it dude. Used both stuns, got no fucking... No burn. Feels bad, bro. That immune. Got him. Feels bad, man. Oh, that was a sneaky sheep. Didn't even see that one coming. Is that guide in the chat? Is that real guide? Oh, slow, I'm old. I don't want to talk about it. And now I'm silenced. Penikin's just sitting on my mask, man. Looking clean, boys. It's like patches on Wednesday. What's the point in doing comfort guides that are going to change on Wednesday, you know? Makes no sense. But I'll finish the... stuff. Not much to do on that. Masked Man is not the place to kick. We'll do the loopy-loop. Gets the hodge and the blind. He's playing repent. That's no good. Oh, the hold. Oh, it's beautiful. Repent as well. So I'm chilling for 15 seconds in the open. All good. Get the pop off here. Bubble sack and a free bomb. Donates it. Emceeing the sack. Donates that too. Gonna get repent now. Gets the trap on it. Just quality. Unbelievable quality. Dude, these games, these two games, there's so many clean games. Guide made. There's a few 2v2 games. Like in the last 10 games, a lot of them you can just take. You can just take and do a 2v2 YouTube thing. Pretty ton of shitability, seriously. Actually so bad. Screwed me up a bit. I'm with a DR one. Worry's not having a fun game. I would hate to be this guy right now. Gonna be so pissed.  Poor guy.


The problem reads, use Hess's laws for the following reaction to determine whether it is exothermic or endothermic, to find the change in entropy of the reaction, and to determine whether the reaction is spontaneous or not at standard state. Check your answer to see using your results from A and B and Gibbs free energy equation. Here's our reaction, so 202 plus CH4 goes to 2H2O plus CO2, everything is a gas. So A, determine whether it's exothermic or endothermic. That means we want to know whether the change in enthalpy of the reaction, everything that's at standard state because it doesn't say, is positive or negative. So we need this form of Hess's law, which says that the change in enthalpy at standard state of the reaction is the sum of the changes in enthalpy for the formation of the products minus the sum of the changes in enthalpy at standard state for the formation of the reactants. So we need to find the change in enthalpy for the formation of the four constituents. Let's draw a table underneath this and then get our table for the values. So the change in enthalpy for the formation of an element is always just zero, but we'll check it on our table, CH4, so O2 gas, like we said, formation is zero, and then we're looking for CH4. CH4 is minus 74.8 kilojoules per mole, minus 74.8, and we'll write over here that it's kilojoules per mole. Now we're looking for H2O in gas, so we need to scroll down to get H2O. There it is. H2O is a gas, minus 241.8, minus 241.8, and then CO2. CO2 is a gas, is minus 393.5, minus 393.5. Okay, so what do we have? We have delta H. That standard state of the reaction is equal to the sum of the products. We have two moles of this, so 2 times minus 241.8 plus, because it's a sum, a minus 393.5 minus, and now this is a sum, 2 times zero plus, minus 74.8. So how much is that with our trusty calculator? So 2 times minus 241.8 minus 393.5, minus parentheses, zero we won't put in, and then minus 74.8, and the parentheses equals. So minus 802.3 kilojoules per mole. A minus 802.3 kilojoules per mole, because this is smaller than zero. It is exothermic, and with that we have the answer to question A. And now we're going to use the entropy form of Hess's law. It says that the change in entropy at standard state of the reaction is the sum of the entropy at standard state of the products minus the sum of the entropy at standard state of the reactants. Do notice that there is no delta and no F here, and that is also true in the table. So here's our table, we look at O2. S at standard state of O2 is 205.1 joules per mole Kelvin. G205.1, and here we have joules per mole Kelvin. CH4, CH4, 186.3, 186.3. And now H2O, we need to scroll down to H2O. There it is, H2O, 188.8, 188.8. And CO2, CO2 is 213.7, 213.7. Okay, so what do we have here? We have the change in entropy at standard state of the reaction is equal to, we have two of these, so two times 188.8 plus 213.7 minus, and then we have two times 205.1, and plus 186.3. So that is, okay, let's store this result in A. That was the change in enthalpy, and now we're at 2 times 188.8 plus 213.7 minus parentheses 2 times 205.1 plus 186.3. And the parentheses, enter, minus 5.2, so minus 5.2 joules per mole Kelvin. So minus 5.2 joules per mole Kelvin. That is the answer to part B. Determine whether it's spontaneous or not, so we need the change in the free energy of the reaction, and for that we're going to use third form of Hess's law that says the change in the free energy at standard state of the reaction is the sum of the change in the free energy of the formation of the products at standard state minus the sum in the change in the free energy of the formation at standard state of the reactants. So we need to look those four things up on our table. Hence the third row. As with the change in the enthalpy, the change in the free energy of an element because its formation is zero. We'll check it, but it should be zero. And so the first one we're looking at is O2. The change in the free energy under formation is in fact zero. Now CH4 is minus 50.7 minus 50.7. We need H2O. H2O. We need to scroll down. H2O. There it comes. H2O is minus 228.6. Minus 228.6. And then CO2. CO2 is minus 394.4. Minus 394.4. We didn't see the units, but I will tell you they are kilojoules per mole. So we have delta G at standard state of the reaction is equal to 2 times minus 228.6 plus minus 394.4 minus parenthesis 2 times zero and then plus that minus, so minus 50.7. Calculator, we're going to store this value in B. And now we're doing 2 times minus 228.6 minus 394.4 minus parenthesis zero minus 50.7 and the parenthesis enter. Minus 800.9. So minus 800.9 and that's kilojoules per mole. The important thing is it's less than zero, so it is spontaneous. So this is our answer to part C. And now we're supposed to use Gibbs free energy equation, which is this, to find out if we have calculated delta G theta of the reaction correctly. So we need to substitute what we got here for this. For T we substitute 298.15 and for delta S theta we substitute our answer to this. So let's check that. Minus 802.3 kilojoules per mole and then minus 298.15 Kelvin times minus times minus 5.2 joules per mole. So let's see how much that is. This was in A and this was in B. So we have second and then recall and then A entered and that says minus 298.15 times second recall B. And then this was in joules so we need to divide it by 1000 to get kilojoules 1000 and enter. Minus 800.75 minus 800.9 we are good. Minus 800.7 and that was in kilojoules per mole and that is very close to what we had. And that is very close to what we have so these are the same and we are good. And that is that.


Hello, everyone. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. In this video, I'm going to demonstrate a scenario based on screen flow. Let's understand the screen flow scenario. So the scenario is we need to create any one of the following record related to account based on users choice. So we need to create a screen flow where these three options will be available as a choice. So if user selects contact, so a related contact will be available under account. If user selects opportunity, then opportunity record will be there. If user selects case, then case. So now I'm going to demonstrate you like how in a single flow, we can implement this scenario. So I just searched flow in the setup now clicking on new flow. So I'm going to implement this flow from the beginning so that you can follow. So I'm just selecting screen flow, clicking on create. Now, first of all, what I need to do, I need to create a screen where I need to show contact opportunity and case as an option. So selecting a screen, labeling it as object selection. Now here I'm going to have a pick list. So this is a single select pick list and labeling it as select an object. Then it is required. Now, here I need to provide the choices. So we don't have any pre implemented choices pre configured choices. Right. So we need to create choices manually. So for that you just need to create this choice. Now here API name you can provide as contact then choice label that will be available at the label of that pick list. So that will be choice. And if you say that will be contact and if you select that contact label. So what value you want to use corresponding to that contact as a value. You can just place contact here. So in simple words, we can say like API name, label and value can be same data type is text and just click on done. So this way first choice is contact is created. I'm going to add one more choice. So here choice then opportunity so I'm copying and pasting it as label and value clicking on done. Similarly, again I'm clicking on new choice resource from here choice and this time I am writing case, providing case as label and value and clicking on done. Right. So this way my this single selection pick list is created. Now I'm clicking on done. So after this like user will be selecting any one option. So I need to decide which object user selected. So, whenever we have more than one options and we need to select any one or we need to decide. So for that purpose, you can just select a decision element. So, labeling it as check selected object. So here I'm writing is contact. Now, I need to have the pick list where all the options are available so pick list API is selected object, if it is equals to contact. So it will be one outcome. Then you can say like is opportunity. So select an object. So you need to select this pick list equals opportunity then again plus is case then select an object equals case. Right. So this way these three outcomes are available and one is the default outcome. So if I click on done. So you will see four outcomes are available here. Now we need to do separate implementation for each of the outcome. So what I'm going to do. I'm just going to separate them out. So just click on plus and click on. And so this way, you will be having these four flows. Right flow lines. So here you will be creating contact here you will be creating opportunity and then case. This is the default outcome. Right. So let's first create a contact. So you need to click on plus then you need to have a screen. So here I am labeling it as contact information. I need to search for text. So I'm just placing it. I'm just labeling it as first name. Then having one more text. And it will be last name and I'm making it required because on contact last name is a required field. Now I'm clicking on done. So this way my contact screen is created. Now I need to create a record contact record. Create contact how many records to create one how to set the record fields. So I am using separate resources and literal values. Then I'm selecting contact. So I need to map first name with the first name screen component value. Then I need to map last name with the last name screen component value. Now one more thing I need to do so as of now I'm just clicking on done. So one more thing I need to do like I need to place this flow on the account record page. So this contact opportunity and case should be related to that account. So I need to have account record ID. So I need to create a new resource as a variable and its API name should be record ID. However, through screen flow if you want to fetch the record ID, you need to create the variable named as record ID. Here I is capital and everything is a small and it's data type will be text. Then you need to enable this checkbox that is available for input because this variable will be receiving value outside the flow. Then done now open this element again and here like on contact we have a lookup that is account ID. So we need to populate this record ID into this account ID lookup. And you need to click on done. So this way this first part is complete. Now we need to create opportunity. So let's have a screen. So naming it as opportunity information. Now, first I need to have opportunity name. So required. Then I'm having dates so it will be closed it. So an opportunity, opportunity name, closed it and stays. These are required fields. So that's why I'm creating these three. So this is stays name it is also required. Now here what I need to do. I'm creating new choice resource and I need to link stays field that is available under opportunity object with this pick list. So I'm creating pick list choice set. So, so it is opportunity object data type pick list and then selecting stays name then clicking on done so it will be linked automatically now again I'm clicking on done. Now to create opportunity I need to have this create record element. So create opportunity. Then select this use separate resources and literal values and one record we need to create. Now here, you can select opportunity. We can map opportunity name with name so here smartly you need to select like first name last name I use for contact and name I use for opportunity. So I'm mapping that. Then close date and stage. So if you type stays so here we have two things so you just need to select this screen component because on screen component you will be actually selecting a particular stage. And if you want to link this opportunity. So you need to have this account ID and record ID. And click on done. Now next is case. So let's check what all fields required on case so if I open case tab and click on new. So here you can see status and case or isn't these are required. So now I'm going to create a screen labeling it as case information then pick list. So we need to have status first. So labeling it as status required, and we need to link it with the pick list that is already available on case objects. So again, I'm selecting pick list choice set, naming it as case status. Okay, and one more pick list I need to create that is case origin. So labeling it as case origin require and here new choice resource and I'm selecting pick list choice set is origin then selecting case data type pick list. So case origin and done. So this way the screen will be receiving two information now again I need to use create record element so that one case record will be created. So create case. Same options one and you separate resources. Then from here I'm selecting case. So we need to map status and then we need to map origin. And on case we have account ID look up so we need to store record ID. Right. So this way it is implemented. Now, I'm just clicking on done so you can see like this flow is completely implemented. Right. Now what we need to do. We can just save it eight case or contact or opportunity and save. Right. And now I'm activating this. So I'm just jumping to sales application opening accounts tab. Opening account record. So here you can see two flows are already available. So now I'm going to add it the page. So I'm just dragging and dropping this flow component so I just drag and drop it on the top like first. And here I'm going to select this flow create case or contact or opportunity and just enable this chat box so that the current account record ID will be passed to the flow. Save it. Go back. So your flow will be available and you will see these options create like you can create contact opportunity and case. So on this record you can see we have one contact one opportunity and one case. Now I'm going to create each record one by one. So first time creating contact and next. So you can see contact is created now opportunity. OPP one oh one then close date and then stays named and next. So you can see opportunities also created. Similarly, if you want to create a case. So from here you just need to select the values and just click on next. So you can see cases also created. So this way I demonstrated you like how through a single flow you can have a selection and through selection how you can create different different records for different objects and those are related to account record.