In this video we're going to talk about how to master in Studio One. Hi folks, I'm Mike and I hope you're well. So we are going to be talking about how to master in Studio One or more specifically how I master in Studio One because we probably each do it a little bit differently. But before I do get stuck in, I want to just ask this question quickly in case it's not clear to you. What is mastering? So unfortunately a lot of people seem to think that mastering is just about making things louder and whilst that is a part of the mastering process there's a bit more to it than that. Really mastering is the final stage in the production process before we release our music out to the world and we're making sure that for example we're meeting technical specifications that we're going to do some final adjustments to the overall sonic properties of the music and also of course making sure it's loud enough, that kind of thing. Now years and years ago mastering engineers had to know about different platforms like vinyl or tape for example or for radio where there had to be differences in the sonic properties depending on those platforms.  So those are considerations during mastering as well. So we're going to be looking at all of that. The next question is should you master? Because an awful lot of people in forums are going to tell you don't master your own tracks. Well I think that if you can afford it and if it's practical yeah send it off to a mastering engineer. A mastering engineer is more experienced, deals specifically with that task, has better equipment all that kind of stuff and that's fine. But I think in a lot of occasions it's not really practical or affordable for people. So say for example you may cover songs for YouTube and you're releasing a song every single day. It's not really practical to send that off to a mastering engineer and it's probably not economically viable for you either. So those are a couple of considerations. Now there is a half way house, there's some automated mastering services like Lander. But what I think is what you'll learn in today's video will get you a better result if you practice it a little than those automated services like Lander. I mean if nothing else it's going to give you a bit more flexibility. It's probably not going to be as good as if you send it off to a really professional and qualified and experienced mastering engineer. So that's all about mastering. Let's see how we can do it in Studio One. Okay so I've already done some basic preparation for mastering my song. I've loaded it here into the project page of Studio One. I've given it a title. I've updated things like the artist's name and other information there. I've even added some artwork. The other thing I like to do at this stage is make sure that I've trimmed the beginning and the ends of the song to get rid of any unwanted silence. Now if you don't know how to do any of those things at all then I highly recommend you watch another video I've made which is all about the project page. I'll put a link for that down in the description and just up above here now. If you go and watch that you'll get familiar with how you can do those kinds of things. Then come back here and watch how we can actually do some mastering. Now the other thing I like to do at this stage is check my loudness information. I can do that if I've got my song selected by going up here to where it says loudness information. Now if there is some information I try and open up this area with the arrow. It will show. If not then it's going to detect the loudness here as it's doing for me now. It doesn't take very long at all. Now what I'm looking for here is first of all to make sure that it's not clipping at all. So it shouldn't be going up above 0 dB. It's going to tell you if that's the case. Apart from that there's no real rules. I do like to have mine sort of peaking at around about between minus 3 and minus 6 dB. But that's not a rule. You could have it as high as 0 dB as long as it's not clipping. But I do like to check that at this point. The other thing I like to do now is load in my reference track. So what is a reference track? Why are we going to load it in? A reference track is going to be generally a commercially produced track which has already been mastered and has the same kind of sonic properties that you want to have in your final result. I highly suggest you use something of the same genre and a similar kind of arrangement as well. There's not much point if yours is a piano ballad and using a heavy metal song as a reference track. They're very very different in terms of sound and sonic properties. So for example with my song here it's mostly dominated with vocal and acoustic guitar and a few other instruments at the beginning and then there's a big crescendo at the end where sort of an orchestra and everything else comes in. I've chosen a reference track which is very very similar to that indeed. Now I'm not going to tell you what that reference track is. I'm not going to give you the name nor am I going to play it in this video because I'll get into all kinds of issues with copyright. It's important to make sure that the reference track is similar to your song and what you want the final outcome to be for that song. Now something very important with the reference track is to do some volume matching. We have a problem with reference tracks in that they're already mastered so they naturally sound much much louder and we're not going to make our song louder until the end. So when we're comparing our song to our reference track as we go along it's going to naturally sound better because it's louder.  Louder things equals better things. We don't want that trick to happen so we're going to volume match it. We're going to make it sound about the same volume. It's very easy to do. So what we're going to do is I'm going for the loudest part of my song towards the end here. I'm going to play it in a moment and I'll be looking at the metering especially at the values that I see here for the RMS. The numbers are going to appear where my mouse is just there right now and I'm going to be looking to see what kind of values I've got with my song there. So you can see that it's hovering around about minus 13 to minus 14 dB. That's absolutely fine. Let's go ahead and I'll go to a similar position in my reference track as I say I'm not going to play it for you guys but what I know from looking at it already is that it was actually around about minus 8 dB which is significantly louder in volume. So what I did was I went to the reference track I selected it over here and I just adjusted that fader down until its RMS was around about minus 13, minus 14. That means that when I switch between the two songs and I'm listening to similar passages they are a similar volume. Now if you're finding the numbers are the same but to you one sounds louder than the other then trust your ears above the numbers. That's the most important thing. So it's normally at this stage that I start to think about any metering plugins which I'd like to add. Now if we were in any other door at all I'd be saying download and get this or that plugin but in Studio One the metering is so good I really don't think you need a plugin for this. It dominates most of the screen as you can see here there's lots and lots of options for visualising it in different ways as well as different standards that you can view the metering in down the bottom here. So I really don't think you need anything else unless there's some very specific metering you think you need. However there is a plugin which I do use quite often which falls into this category and I'm going to show it to you now even though it's a commercial plugin I'm kind of recommending it because I do use it all the time but it is optional you don't have to have it. It's called a Tonal Balance Control. It's by Isotope. Now I insert any metering plugins into this master section down here and that's where I've inserted this one. This means it's always at the end of the chain so it's doing its metering based upon any changes I've made so far. So I'll open up this plugin here just to quickly show you what it's all about. It's got four bands which you can see here the low, the low mids, the high mids and the highs and some lines are going to appear when I play the song and it's going to indicate whether I'm falling roughly where I should be within those sort of ranges for the style that I've chosen. Now I've chosen pop up here but there's a few different ones to choose from. Now that's just going to give me a rough guideline to tell me whether I'm in the right ballpark or not. So let's just have a quick listen to the song. So obviously I've got nothing to worry about in the top three bands. The lines are sitting nicely in there. I may be a bit heavy on the low end of things at the moment. I may want to take a look at that. Now I don't follow this religiously. There's been occasions where I've gone and I'm going to ignore the advice here. I think the low end or the high end, whatever it is, sounds fine to me. But I do find it very, very useful, especially when my ears are getting fatigued when I've been working on a project for a while. I can't necessarily trust my ears that much anymore to have this visual guide. I find it very, very useful or at least a great starting point. As I say, completely optional. You don't have to get this to do mastering, okay? So the next thing I do is add in an EQ plug-in and it's got one solitary task here and that's to act as a high pass filter or a low cut filter. Those two pieces of terminology relate to exactly the same thing, by the way, just different terminology. So I've inserted the Pro EQ2 a stock plug-in in Studio 15 here and I'm going to switch on that low cut filter. So I'll do that now. Now let's talk briefly about why we're doing this. We want to get rid of some low end information which we can't actually hear. Human hearing only has certain limits and it extends in the low end down to around about 20 hertz or so but there may be some low end information which is still there. Now you may be asking, well, why get rid of it if we can't hear it? What difference does it make? Well, the thing is although we can't hear it the computer can hear it. So that information will be going through further down the chain into other plug-ins and it will affect those plug-ins especially things like compressors and limiters. So for example, in theory you could have a low end sound in isolation right down there say at minus 25 hertz which you can't hear at all which could entirely cause your compressor to kick in and start compressing everything else. So we don't want that to happen so we're going to tame that low end. So I've switched that on. I'm going to change the slope here to 48 dBs here and then I'm just going to initially adjust it to that number I was talking about which is 20 hertz. Now what I normally like to do here is start listening to the music I'll listen to it over and over again and I'll start pushing that up, pushing it up I'll get to a certain point maybe it's something like 30 hertz and I'll start to A, B so I'll switch the plug-in off and on and I'm going to start to see if I hear any difference. Now so I get to this point here 25 dBs or so and when I'm switching between the two I start to hear a slight difference then I go back down a little bit again just gradually to a point where I can hear no difference when I'm bypassing the plug-in in and out, okay? So that's the only thing you need to do with this particular plug-in. Now I will say that there are some alternatives that I could suggest to the ProEQ plug-in which you get a stock here. This is absolutely fine but some people find that they like to use a much more aggressive ramp here. Now the low cut on here has a limit of 48 dBs. This one that I'm going to suggest which is TDR Nova by Tokyo Dawn Records this is a free plug-in. I'll put a link for this down in the description and the high pass filter on this as you can see is much more aggressive so I've set it at 20 Hz there and I've got it going up to 72 dBs there in terms of my slope. Very, very aggressive slope indeed. You don't really have to do that but sometimes I do like it to be a little more aggressive. So just a suggestion there if you don't want to download any extra plug-ins then definitely go ahead and use the ProEQ plug-in which comes as stock with Studio One. By the way, have you learnt something from this video so far? If you are and you're enjoying it could you do me a little favour and make sure you hit the like button? That lets YouTube know that other people should see this video as well. Now if you are enjoying this kind of content from me, especially the Studio One tutorials could you also make sure you subscribe and ring the bell on YouTube so that you're notified about my future videos. Now, back to this video. Now I think saturation is highly optional in terms of mastering. You really don't have to add it but if you are going to add it I normally add it at this stage. Now I don't really think that the stock plug-ins that come with Studio One have great saturation options for mastering. There's a few more saturation options in Studio One version 5 but I still think they're good for mixing rather than mastering. But one thing you could get hold of from the Prisonis site is this free saturation knob which I'll just pull up here. Just go to their site, look for that, download it for free. It's very very easy to use as you can see because it's dominated by this one knob here which you would just push up as you're listening to the track until you hear a nice amount of saturation. That kind of organic distortion and harmonics that we got from old equipment which we don't get in the digital realm. So this is a nice easy way to add it and it is a free solution. The only issue I've got with this plug-in is that things definitely get louder as you push this knob up and again we can be tricking our ears a little bit into thinking it just sounds better because it's louder. If I'm honest with you I don't normally use this as an option. I normally use these days a commercial option for that. It's one from IK Multimedia and I like to use one of their tape machine plug-ins. This adds some nice natural saturation. I've pulled it up here. I'll switch off the saturation knob so that it's not going through and this really sort of gives you a similar type of saturation that you would get from an old tape machine. Now there are four different models I think to choose from. I'll put a link for those in the description. I particularly like this tape machine 80. Now I have done something here apart from just plonk this plug-in on there. I've done a little bit of an increase to the high frequencies. You can see just up here I've just added a little bit in terms of the high frequency. Down here I've added a little bit with the high frequency on the playhead just to give it a little bit of sparkle on the top end. Now you could get that with an EQ of course but I've chosen to do it here. I like to do EQ moves with saturation plug-ins in mastering when I can. I find that it just sounds a little bit sort of more organic than using an actual EQ plug-in. But highly optional as I say and if you can't afford or don't want to get hold of this plug-in or any other commercial plug-in then perhaps try a combination of that saturation knob and just an EQ plug-in here. So another optional option in my opinion is compression during mastering. Now I think most of the time in my productions I do use compression but I don't want you to feel like you have to. Definitely use it when you have a purpose for it. Now the purpose for it for me on this occasion is just to tame some of the peaks towards the end of the song or I've got some sort of transients which just poke up above a certain level. I just want to tame them a little bit and that's going to enable me later on in the limiting stage just to push the overall loudness of the song up that little bit more which is something that I'll be aiming to do. But the main thing I want to stress here with the compressor is be very gentle with it in this case. So I'm using the stock compressor here from Prisonis. I've got the ratio on 2 to 1 that's a pretty good starting point nothing too drastic is going to happen in terms of compression with a 2 to 1 ratio. I've got my attack set to around about 6.5 milliseconds here this is just so I can make sure that I do grab those transients but I'm not sort of crushing over a longer period of time it's just dealing with things that are poking up for a moment and also my release time I normally start off at around about 60 milliseconds and see where I go from there but it's highly dependent on your song on your particular track what you don't want to get is any kind of pumping effects well that's not absolutely true sometimes in some genres of music you do want that pumping effect but for most of us we don't want that pumping effect in fact we just don't want to be aware of the compressor there and things are happening so we don't want that to attack too hard on those transients so it's very obvious to listen to and we don't want it to hold on too long and kind of crush the rest of the track. Now with this particular compressor I think it's okay for mastering but I'm actually going to use a different compressor which is not a stock plugin but you'll be happy to hear it is free it's another plugin from Tokyo Dawn Records and it's called Katelnikov I like to use this because it is rather tailored for master compression okay that's exactly what it's tailored for. The thing I like about this more than anything else is the control over the release because we've got two controls we've got a release which is based upon the peaks and we've also got a release which is based upon the RMS or the average value or the average level of the song. Now of the music at that point I should say now we can use them in combination with each other or we can use one or the other I really like this feature and this plugin I'll put a link for this in the description and if you want to find out a little bit more about it I've done a whole video on Tokyo Dawn Records free and paid plugins I'll put a link for that in the description as well. So another option or option at this point is stereo imaging now stereo imaging can really help your track by making it sound much wider or it can destroy your track by making it sound much wider you have to make a choice with this depending on your music and whether it's going to suit it or not now there's no stereo imaging plugins which come with Studio One but I'm going to suggest a free one to you now which I reckon is really good it's from Isotope and it's called Ozone Imager you can see it on the screen here now and it's really just got one control for you to change the sound and that's this slider here ok there's other controls we won't get into that this is your main one ok so I'm going to play this end section of the song again here and I'm going to gradually push that up so that you can hear the difference ok I really like that now one thing I have to warn about with stereo imaging is make sure that you do check your mix quite often in mono because this can play havoc with mono mixes in terms of causing phase issues now you may think that mono is not important you're wrong mono is important there's many many occasions when people are listening to things in mono maybe you're listening in mono now on your phone you should really be listening to tutorials like this with headphones on or with studio monitors but we'll move past that so that's a nice plug in which you could use there is a commercial option as well also from Isotope the Ozone 9 Imager is the one that I'm going to pull up now in fact this is one I'm going to leave on my track one difference with this is that I get control over different frequencies so I like to keep the low end intact and not make that very wide at all I just really like it when that's nice and solidly in the middle but perhaps with the mid and higher ranges I like to add a little bit of width so that's what I've done here and that's what I'm going to be running with on this occasion so normally at this stage I think about finally kind of crafting the sound which I want and I'm going to be using this stock EQ which comes with Studio 1 for this it's really very capable in terms of this particular task now what I'll be doing at this point is often going between my track and the reference track so I can really hear the differences in tone between the two and I'm broadly listening to that low, mid and high ends and as such I generally am only making fairly wide ranging and gentle changes here. You can see the change I've already made and it's just one here and this is just in the high mids where I've just pushed it up a little bit to add a little bit more clarity especially to some of the vocal parts now I didn't feel the need to do anything to the low end here but you may feel that and quite often if I hadn't done it already in that tape machine plug in which I used earlier for saturation I may be doing a little bit of sparkliness with a high shelf in the EQ here but I already really did that with that saturation plug in so I don't need to do it here in my opinion. Now if you find yourself sort of adjusting things in this kind of way where you're ending up sort of microscopically with little notches adjusting things here that may be fine but it may also suggest that there's something very specific in the mix maybe a particular instrument where those frequencies are not living in quite the right kind of way that's a good way to put it so that may be an indication that you want to re-address the mix I don't really like to suggest going back to the mix again usually you've spent way too long on that already but I don't generally personally find that I'm doing sort of my new detail with the EQ at this stage it's more like broad sweeps that's just my opinion and that's the stage which I think you should be crafting the overall sound here so now we come to the final and probably most talked about phase of mastering and that's dealing with the loudness now before we do deal with the loudness I'd quickly like to take stock of what we've achieved so far because it may seem as if we've just made tiny tiny changes which don't add up to much but I think you'll find that they do add up to quite a big difference when you combine them all together so I'm going to play this section at the end of the song again first of all without any plugins applied whatsoever then after a couple of bars or so I'm going to switch on those plugins so that you can hear the difference so I think you should be able to hear quite a significant difference there it's almost if the whole thing just came to life once we had those plugins applied making it sound a little bit dead before although it sounded fine to me when I was actually mixing it so we've achieved something significant there without changing the loudness at all I don't think we've really changed the loudness at all we'll check that in a moment so now we need to deal with the loudness now we need to deal with it for some different scenarios while I'm going to deal with a couple of different scenarios the first one is releasing to streaming services such as Spotify, iTunes, YouTube that kind of thing where there are specific requirements now most of them are in line with each other these days but you need to double check with a particular streaming platform as you're releasing to the other scenario is if we're burning to CD or we're releasing something where people can download a whole mp3 and then they're not going to be streaming it they'll just be playing it on their device some different things to consider in those different two scenarios so first of all what tools are we going to use well we could use the limiter which comes with studio one I'll just open that up it has the controls that we need it has the ceiling control and the threshold control which are going to be the main controls that I'll be using except I don't really like to use this plugin I'm not exactly sure why I think it's an awesome plugin in terms of mixing but I just don't find it's that great in terms of mastering but if you do want to use it if you do turn to use it that's absolutely fine the controls that we're going to be using in the other plug-in are exactly the same controls as you'll see here so you can still follow along so I'm not going to use that plugin I'm going to suggest you if you don't want to be spending any money that this plugin is really good it's called loudmax make sure it's switched on and it just has really two controls one to control the peak which is this slider here and the other one which is to control the threshold which is going to change the kind of average level of our music and it's really the average level that people hear when they're perceiving loudness it's not so much the peaks when the average level of the music comes up then people feel like it has become louder now for our streaming platforms we have specific requirements to meet for that so I'll be showing you how to do that in a moment first of all let's just have a quick listen to the track and see what values we have without applying any limiting at all again I'm just going to check this so I'm going to switch off all those plugins again and what I want you to do is look at the metering over on this side where we can see something called LUFS LUFS however you pronounce it I don't know I just want to make sure that that is reset at the moment and then we're going to have a listen to that section again at the end and see what kind of values we're getting for LUFS music music music okay it's about minus 16 at the moment our target is minus 14 also for the streaming platforms I'll reset that again I'll move back I'll just switch on our plugins again let's see if we did make any difference with all those plugins music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music music we're never actually peaking when that conversion happens. So we've set that to minus one as is required by Spotify. I'm gonna go back and play the song again, and then I'm gonna gradually adjust this slider, this second slider down here. Things are gonna start to sound louder, and I just wanna make sure we push up those extra couple of decibels so we get up to around about minus 14. Let's see how we go. You could have held me from the start. I never thought I'd need to. Let's drop the part. It's you. We could have thought, we could have loved. Okay, and that's about right. Now I should mention at this point, I'm not doing this exactly right. This is just for demonstration purposes. What you really wanna do is meet to this over a long period of time, probably over most of the song, rather than just focus on small sections like this, and try and get the lowest value for the whole song to be in the right ballpark. But that would be fine there, around this minus 13.8, it doesn't have to be exactly minus 14. So that's how I would use this plugin to achieve the loudness that I want. Now, the other thing that I like to do, in fact, the thing I almost always do is use a commercial plugin, which I'm gonna show you very, very quickly now. It's not the cheapest of plugins, so I'm not gonna push it too much, because I think you can achieve your results with this loud max, or as I say, using the stock plugin with Prasonic Studio One. But the one I actually use more often than not is Ozone 9's Maximizer. And the reason for it is this. I can set my true peak here, which I've already done to minus one. And then I can, in here, set my target loss value. I can switch this to learn threshold. Then I can set that target to minus 14 as I have, and let's just reset this here. Now, what I'm gonna do is play the song. And what this plugin is gonna do is adjust that threshold for me until I get near my target. So let's have a look and see how it does. Shoot a hill me from the start. I never thought I'd need to. So it's done its job, I'll switch off learn, and then that's locked in. The reason I like to use this is because I think it has some slightly nicer algorithms here in terms of the limiting. And also, I do like that feature. Now, again, I would normally do that pretty much over the course of the whole song. Just let it play and see what it calculates automatically by itself. As I say, you don't have to use that commercial plugin, but definitely worth a look. So I'll close that down. I'm gonna go back to my loud max plugin now. Now, let's say our scenario is a little bit different. Let's say we're releasing as a downloadable MP3. Well, now things are quite different. We can really push things to the limit now because we're not restricted by any requirements. In fact, I can make my song sound much, much louder by pushing this threshold down even further. However, it's gonna come to a point where it really doesn't sound good, where we're gonna get kind of pumping effects and all of that kind of thing that we don't wanna hear in our music. It's not gonna be transparent anymore. So don't go crazy on this. You still wanna retain, in my opinion, especially in this type of music, some dynamics in the song. You don't want everything just to be sounding like it's on full all the time without anywhere to go. It's like you're already on full. How do you crescendo? You can't because you're already on full. So I'll just say use caution here, but probably, probably you're going to be going a bit further with something like a download of WMP3 than you do with the requirements they have on Spotify. One thing you wanna probably do at this point is listen to a few different reference tracks, the kind of songs that people might be listening to that they've already downloaded and may be listening to alongside your song and see what their loudness values are like and you may wanna try and match that. So that's all we have to it for today and that's the last stage in our mastering. Thank you so much for joining me in today's video. If you've got any questions whatsoever, please do ask in the comments down below and I'll do my very best to help you out. If you did enjoy this video, then make sure you hit the like button for me. That helps me out because it lets YouTube know that other people should see this video as well. If you do like this kind of content, especially tutorials about Studio One, then make sure you subscribe and ring the bell on YouTube so that you're notified about my future videos. Also, if you'd like to help out the channel, check out my Patreon page for as little as $1 per month. You can help me to help you by making more and more of these tutorial videos and I'll see you in the next video.


If you're watching Space Twitter or the Space News today, there's a lot of people talking about a Chinese rocket, a Long March 5B rocket, piece of a rocket that's going to come back to Earth. And what makes this so sensational is nobody knows when or where it will land. What we know is that it's not controlled. There is no programmed deorbit burn that's going to put this thing into the ocean. Now, this sounds a lot like the Starlink secondary stage that came back over the Northwest, United States, about a month and a half ago, only this thing's a lot bigger. So all the buzz right now is about predicting where and when this is going to land and the troubling answer is nobody knows until a few hours before it happens because it's just a really uncertain problem. How much drag there is in the outer atmosphere and the tenuous, thin layers of the outer atmosphere is really hard to model. Now, Jonathan McDowell at Harvard CFA is like the go-to person, so I think he's fielded like 40 interviews in the last couple of days about this. Today on Twitter, there was a really obnoxious, in my opinion, comment about the likelihood of this rocket hitting anything. And it said it was like one in 200 million chance of it hitting anything. And I think this is totally misstating the probability of what's going to happen. The likelihood that this rocket is going to hit anyone in particular is super low. You should not worry about this rocket landing on you. The likelihood of this rocket hitting something, well, that's higher. I've been seeing a bunch of nonsense numbers floating around saying that it's a one in a trillion chance that it'll hit anything, that it's going to land in the ocean. So it occurs to me here on a Friday that we could find out a rough number. How do astronomers answer questions like this? How does an astronomer answer this question? What is the surface area that Earth we're dealing with? What's the total possible landing zone? According to the first result on Google is 5.1 times 10 to the 8 square kilometers. Everybody knows like 70% of it, two-thirds is water, something like that. So what's the area that we're actually interested in? What's the area? What we really want to know is what's the surface area of people? And I don't just mean like stacking all the people together. I mean like what's the area of the people and their houses and the cities and roads and you know like swing sets and maybe like farms. I don't know, I'm not an artist. What's the area of people? Because if we don't know anything about where it's going to land, if it truly is a random impact, then the probability I think we care about is roughly the surface area of people to the surface area of Earth. That's the number we care about. And so we need to figure out this unknown. More guesswork. Number of people. I don't know. What is it? 7.6. 7.6 billion people. So if we want to know how much area that people take up, it's going to be some area per person times the number of people. Order of magnitude guess. So how much area does each person need? I don't know. How much area do you use? It's more than a few feet. So how much? How much? How do we guess? Well, here we start looking for factors of 10. I mean, we share buildings and we share roads and farms and parks. It's more than 10 square feet, you know, that's just like the room you take up. 100 square feet. If I divide like the size of my house between all the people who live in it, it's closer to 100 square feet, I guess. But even that seems like an underestimate because I need some share of farmland and I need some share of roads and some share of everything else. A thousand square feet, a thousand square feet, that's like a 30 by 30 foot chunk. That seems small. But maybe. That's definitely the smallest. I definitely need at least a thousand square feet of land. Let's call that 100 square meters for round numbers. You need at least 100 square meters to live. That's probably way too small. 100 square meters times 7.6 billion. This is already going to be a big number divided by 5 times 10 to the 8th kilometer squared. So there you go. This is the odds that the rocket will land on something that we care about. It could be easily a factor of 10 higher, 0.15 percent chance. Okay, and like that is an approximate answer. Point one, maybe 0.2 percent. But I would easily believe that it's a factor of 10 higher, 1 percent chance of it hitting something. And this seems troublingly high if we're putting a ton of stuff in outer space. 1 percent that a chance that any given rocket is going to hit something we care about seems problematically high, especially when you can't control what that thing is going to hit. And this is why it's so important that rockets can control where the pieces come back down. And why when we see uncontrolled reentry events, like what happened with the Falcon 9 over Seattle a couple months ago, or what's going to happen to this Long March 5 rocket this weekend, it's really worrisome.


What exactly happened when I started supplementing L-terrorism? Well, let's find out Hey, what's up, Greg here the founder of your inception welcome to my channel If you want to learn top secrets about the tropics and supplements then subscribe below to start a journey today I want to talk about my experience with L-terrorism This is a very interesting compound is it is a conditionally essential amino acid that is growing in its popularity And the reason for that is that some studies indicate that if you take this compound when you or before you are under severe Stress or when you're working on some super demanding Continent tasks or even physical tasks if you're working out It can potentially improve your cognition or even your physical output Now this is just one of the benefits if you want to check out our benefits click up here I created our video where I talked about just about the benefits But now let's focus about my experience with this compound So the reason why I started supplementing it was to see if it can really improve my focus my cognitive performance And also make me kind of more relaxed when I'm under severe stress So building a business especially an online business business being in front of a camera Working on different projects. You know, it's really stressful at certain times and you really need to be focused You really need lots of stamina lots of cognitive power. And if you're under severe stress, eventually, you know You're gonna have a crash break that break down And you want this to go away or not even to happen in the first place and you know Taking L-terrorism was kind of a perfect opportunity for me to see if it actually works so I actually started supplementing 500 milligrams per day and I was taking this dosage every day for a couple of days and Then I gradually increase the dosage to up to two grams per day now I know that most experts recommend taking 500 milligrams two grams per day before a stressful activity if you take this on a daily basis for longer periods This is kind of a dosage to take you can now and then take in the higher dosage I think about 100 to 150 milligrams per kilogram of your body weight Well, I can check this out for you or you can check it out I'll post some links below where you can learn more about this But if you take L-terrorism on a daily basis, this is kind of dosage you should have in your mind now The thing is that since this is a conditionally essential amino acid You know, you don't really need to worry about that much You can get enough from food, especially if you eat foods high in protein. If you're vegan or not If you eat lots of meat or not, what does really matter? You can get enough. So I honestly didn't expect much To happen even though I saw lots of positive comments and read it on different forums and Facebook groups And you know people really had really good experience with this Amino acid, but honestly looking at the science. I wasn't really sure. By the way guys, if you liked this video Please press the like button below. So after a couple of weeks of supplementing L-terrorism, what exactly happened? Well, honestly, there was no real big change in my cognitive performance my focus my well-being my mood or whatever If I say it was I would probably be lying to you So I'm I personally didn't experience a major difference, but Honestly, I think I felt slightly more Relaxed and focused at the same time now the important thing about L-terrorism is that it helps to produce different neurotransmitters adrenaline nor adrenaline and dopamine and When you work for longer periods in stressful situations or if you're working out Those Neurotransmitters get depleted faster than usually so if you take this compound prior to activity like 30 minutes to one hour prior to activity There's a chance that this depletion will you know be slower or the production of the research is there will happen at the same time So you're gonna feel better eventually or Instead of you know feeling super stressful and have your brain not functioning at all L-terrorism may help to kind of a slow down those effects. That's a theory now in real life. Honestly, I didn't experience that Probably because I eat super healthy And you know, I'm probably not deficient in L-terrorism in any way Maybe because I expected too much from it, but that was just my experience now What I tried later on and that was kind of interesting Combined with caffeine and L-tionine and you can check the effects of caffeine and L-tionine in this video up here It's a really powerful combo. And when I did this then I kind of felt much more focused I had so much more energy. My brain was working on a different level There is no doubt about it But I don't know probably was because of caffeine L-tionine more than because of L-terrorism especially since I was Testing out L-tionine and so on. So yeah, that was my experience now The question is do I still recommend taking out L-tionine or no well according to studies I found the effects are pre-mild and I know some people have really, you know positive effects trying facts, but I'm not really sure It's really depends on what kind of food you eat In what kind of environment you work and of course, you know, there's a placebo as well Don't forget about that. Studies are positive show positive effects in my different areas But the effects are pre-mild. That's the only thing now if you get it part of a Nutropic stack or if you take it on its own especially if you are really working under severe stress Most of the time or if you don't eat foods high in protein or proteins then of course Yeah, I definitely recommend taking out L-tionine or definitely why not Now when it comes to the dosage Yeah, I would start slowly with if you take it on a daily basis I would probably take it a very slow dosage and then you know try to increase the bit and see what happens And of course listen to my body and see how my body reacts it I would definitely not start with super high dosages and in the long term I would probably stick to very low dosage. That's what I would do on and yeah overall It's a very interesting compound has some potential We lack some more studies to see real effects really strong effects. Um, but in general It shouldn't do any harm. It may work positively on you It may provide some positive benefits and because of that. Yeah, it's definitely worth trying. All right guys That's it for this video. Thank you for watching if any questions don't hesitate to contact me Don't forget to follow your inception Facebook and Instagram and I hope this is in again. Take care


Can you use the pointer? Good morning, and thank you to Terry Carolyn and Jennifer and the rest of the group that organized this very interesting and stimulating workshop. So I will share with you the experience in Singapore from the Singapore Health Sciences Authority. OK, just to get oriented, Singapore is a tropical country located just one degree north of the equator. And our nearby neighbors are Malaysia and Indonesia. A little further afield is Thailand. And quite a bit to the north and east is Taiwan, and even further north and east is Japan. I'm sorry. OK, so it's a very small country, 26 miles wide and 17 miles north-south in this island. And just for some perspective, it's only slightly larger than the area encircled by the Washington Beltway. So we have some advantages of being a very compact country. So there are 5.5 million people in the country. About 70% are citizens and permanent residents. And the ethnic composition of that group is a three-quarters Chinese ancestry, 13.3% Malays, and 9.1% Indians, and then a small percentage of others. Oh, sorry. So one thing I did want to mention is that it does not have a national health insurance system. There's mandatory deduction from wages to medical savings plans that you can use for large hospital expenditures. There's a system of polyclinics, which are subsidized by the government. But most of the primary care is taken care of through private GP practices. So the population is very sensitive to costs of medical procedures. So the Health Sciences Authority is a relatively new governmental organization. It's only 14 years old. And it consists of three major groups, the Health Products Regulation Group, which has a function very similar to FDA CEDR, CBER, and CDRH. And it's mostly primarily organized by pre-market and post-market, not by clinical discipline. And there are about 300 people who work in that part of the organization. They also run the National Blood Bank. And then they have an Applied Sciences Group, which does all the forensics and some of the drug quality testing. OK, so I'm affiliated with the vigilance program. And so HSA, like most drug regulatory authorities, collects cases of adverse drug reactions. It's a voluntary system. And if we organize it by system organ class, skin and appendages disorders is the largest class with about 50% coming in under that category. And from about 2009 to 2012, about 80 to 100 cases of SJSTEN were received by HSA per year, about 100 per year. So in 2008, we launched a pharmacogenetics initiative. I think I mentioned yesterday that the chairman of the Health Sciences Authority was also director of the Genome Institute. And he urged us to move in that direction of trying to figure out how we could use the advances in knowledge and genomics toward regulatory science. And so really, we had some simple objectives to build some in-house expertise in pharmacogenetics, establish collaborative networks with health care professionals and research institutes, and build some infrastructure to collect and store DNA samples and the associated phenotype data or clinical data of patients experiencing ADRs, and also to collect drug-tolerant controls. And the ultimate goal was to be able to update drug package inserts and make recommendations to health care professionals based on local data. So we started out first setting up clinical sites at the two major hospitals, the National University Hospital and Singapore General Hospital in 2009. And we worked with the dermatology departments, because we were mostly interested in the high number of SJSTEN cases. And then we also were collaborating with neurology departments, because we needed to collect the drug-tolerant controls for the anti-epileptic drugs that seemed to comprise a large number of the SJSTEN cases. And more recently, we've added two other sites, Changi General Hospital and also the National Skin Center. So altogether, we have four sites. And recently, we also expanded and are now collecting dress cases. So we have now, after five years, 59 cases. Anti-eptoleptics is the largest category. Then we have antibiotics. We have seven allopurinal cases and then a smattering of other things. And in that other things, we include two cases of strontium raliate. So we collected 13 carbamazepine cases and 26 drug-match controls. These were patients who had been on carbamazepine for at least three months with no reaction. And all 13 of our cases were 1502-positive. And whereas only three of 26 were HLA-positive in our controls. So we were able to validate the finding from the Taiwan group that this was a very significant association in our local population. In the 13 cases were three people of Malay ancestry. OK, so while the collection was going on, we were also concerned about the cost of screening all patients who would be going on to anti-epileptics and trying to understand what would be the economic burden of requiring that. So we worked with Duke NUS, the Health Systems Services Group, and they helped us to develop a cost-effectiveness model. Our population was newly diagnosed adult epilepsy patients for whom carbamazepine or phenytoin were considered appropriate treatment. And we looked at three different strategies, just the status quo, which is give it when you need it, and deal with SJSTN as it occurs, genotype, and then prescribe carbamazepine, phenytoin, only to those who tested negative, and then give Valproate or some other alternative for those who test positive. And then the third one was just to start avoiding carbamazepine altogether. Actually, we've been hearing from a lot of neurologists that that's what they were doing because they'd heard about the association. And then in that case, just go to some other alternative drugs. So just to show you the prevalence of HLA-1502 in the different ethnic groups in Singapore, it's a precedent about one in eight to 10 Chinese. It's very common in Malays, one in five, much less common in Singapore Indians. And then from other global databases, we found that it's probably about 1 in 500 in Caucasians and less than 1 in 1,000 in Japanese. So it's certainly not an Asian marker. So we developed a decision tree analysis. And we use a common metric, which is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. And a commonly accepted cost-effectiveness threshold is if you have to spend $50,000 US or less to achieve one quality-adjusted life year, then that's considered cost-effective. So if we use an ethnicity-weighted approach to the Singapore population, it came out to $30,000. So overall, it was cost-effective. But if you drill down a little bit deeper into the different ethnic groups, you see that it is cost-effective for Chinese and Malays, not so much for Indians. OK, so with the cost-effectiveness findings and the strong odds ratio in the case control collection, we felt we needed to update the drug label. But before doing that, we held a consultation session with clinicians. And we told them that we wanted to go out with something very strong in the label. And we got a lot of resistance. And they said that, well, the test costs $300 US, and it takes a week to get it back. And that's just too much money. And we need to know the answer faster. So we had a lot of discussion about how to deal with this issue. And we came to the conclusion that we needed to have a centralized testing facility so that we could get economies of scale and the throughput so that we could turn around the samples faster. And the director of the National University Hospital Molecular Diagnostic Center offered to screen various formats for this test and validate one and become the centralized facility. So she was able to get the cost down to under, like, about $170 US and turn around time two to four days. We were happy with that, too, because at the time, the only place where you could get this test was at the blood bank, which they do for tissue typing. And so we felt a little uncomfortable saying, we're going to mandate a test, but you've got to come to us. OK, so anyway, just to quickly then go through. This was what we came up with our final recommendation. The Ministry of Health came in and said, this is now standard of care. HSA changed the package insert to highly recommend testing. We stayed away from the mandated. But we did have some caveats. It's not required in patients who've been taking carbamazepine for more than three months. We said it shouldn't be prescribed before knowing the results, that you should not use benetone, either, if you're positive.  And we've had about 200 tests per quarter. The rate's been pretty constant over the last year and so. And since making testing standard of care, we haven't had any cases, whereas before we had, on average, 15 cases a year of carbamazepine, SJSTEN. So just as my last slide, we learned through this. It was really important to engage the clinicians, especially, and that we needed to really focus on lowering cost and turnaround time. And that we needed the cost-effective analysis to help the Ministry of Health come in with, actually, they came in with a 75% subsidy for low-income patients. And that really helped cushion the effect of our recommendation. So these are the people involved. Thank you. Thank you very much. We have a couple of minutes for questions and discussion. I was just wondering about B-1502 and screening. And the issue of if it's pretty clear in Southeast Asian populations that if SJSTEN does occur, it's going to occur in a B-75-0 type that's not 1502 in a screening type situation. So I was wondering, I guess, first question is if you've got any information about the B-75 serotypes other than B-1502 and whether it might be a cost-effective approach just to actually identify B-15, given that most of the B-15 in Southeast Asian populations will be the B-75 serotypes just to encapsulate all of the risk alleles, even though there's only a very small risk, I guess, of having B-15 B-75 serotypes outside of B-1502. There still is a risk. Well, so we know that there's in the Malay population, I think it's 1511 or 1513. I can't remember. That's actually quite high. And I don't think that that's associated with SJS. So we did need to go to 1502 to four-digit resolution. I'm not an immunologist, so I don't know if that answers the question. Yeah, I mean, I'm just wondering if there's a way of designing an assay, like even an SSOP or a molecular assay that defines the risk without actually as a screening test. I guess, similar to what we did for 5701, where we actually defined in the unlikely setting that there were rare alleles that came up that were very similar to 5701 that might be risk alleles that you'd still be defining that area at risk. And I'm not sure if that's being done for 1502 or B-75. I know in other populations, and Wenhang and Shwenyu, you've had certainly a number of patients that have had B-15-21, which is another risk allele. In Taiwan, most of the hospitals do the easier way. B-15 just took at B-15-02, because the time is quicker than to look at all the HIV phenotype. But some hospitals can provide all the HIV phenotype instead of HIV-0-15-02. So if we, some hospitals have more information about all the HIV phenotype, we will find some patients with B-75 earlier, such like 15-11 or 15-58. Then we will also recommend, should be careful, and recommend them to show another anti-evident drug. But it's not just, not available for most of the hospitals. About 10%. Could you use your microphone? With deep sequencing techniques now, some of the alleles that were previously called B-15-02, for instance, on Sanger sequencing, actually will be recalled B-15-21 anyway. So I just wonder if there's any data of how much of, I would assume we're encapsulating most of the risk population by screening for B-15-02. But it's not the entire risk population, I guess, is the issue. So you're not quite up to the 100% negative predictive value, not including all of the B-75 serotypes. But it may be very population-specific, I guess. So that's one consideration. Thank you, Dr. Philips. That's a very relevant comment. But we need to go on, please, to the next presentation on the Indonesia experience. And we have Dr. Rika Yuli Wulandari, who is the head of the YARSI Research Institute at YARSI University. I'll have your slide. Which one is it?


With the advent of social media and online platforms, new dating behaviors have emerged. And one of the most deceptive ones is bread crumbing. Psychologist Dr. Dana McNeil defines bread crumbing as the act of leading someone on with sporadic attention, mixed signals and superficial engagement, all while keeping them hopeful for a deeper connection. With manipulative dating tactics like this, it's crucial to recognize the signs of bread crumbing to protect yourself from emotional manipulation and invest your time in genuine connections. With that being said, let's explore several signs that indicate you may be experiencing bread crumbing rather than genuine love, based on insights from experts. An Uncertain Situation Do you often find yourself caught in a web of uncertainty, unsure of the exact nature or status of your relationship with that special someone? If you've explicitly asked them and never gotten a clear answer, chances are you're being bread crumbed. When the person you're dating likes you, it should be clear. But if they don't, you'll probably just feel confused and uncertain. They don't communicate their intentions clearly or label your relationship as a way of keeping you on their hook. Inconsistent Communication One of the key characteristics of bread crumbing is irregular and inconsistent communication. You may find that the person you're interested in initiates contact sporadically, with long periods of silence in between. They are rarely consistent with how fast and how often they respond, making you uncertain of when you'll hear from them. This inconsistency gives them the upper hand in the relationship and keeps you on their hook without any real commitment on their part. Lack of Future Planning A person who is genuinely interested in building a meaningful relationship will invest time and effort into planning a future together. On the other hand, someone who's only trying to bread crumb you will avoid discussing future plans or commitments. They usually change the subject when you bring up the topic of a long term relationship or give vague responses that never materialize into concrete plans. This lack of commitment or willingness to discuss the future is a clear indication they are not looking for genuine love, but only want to string you along. No Personal Investment A person who's truly interested in pursuing something romantic with you will invest in the relationship. Unlike someone who only wants to bread crumb, this person may show superficial interests in your life, but rarely delves deeper into understanding your thoughts, dreams or fears. They avoid sharing significant aspects of their own life and don't introduce you to their friends and family. Bread crumbers typically keep the relationship on a superficial level to prevent any real emotional intimacy from developing. Are any of these points so far emotionally resonating with you? Feel free to drop your thoughts in the comments below. And if you found this information helpful, don't forget to like, comment and subscribe to stay up to date with more of our content. Hot and Cold Behavior Another sign of bread crumming is hot and cold behavior. This means that the person may shower you with affection, compliments and attention, making you believe that there's a potential for a deep connection, but then become cold and distant the next, even ignoring you altogether. This gameplay style of dating can be emotionally draining, but Campbell assures us that people who genuinely care about us are consistent in their interest and effort in the relationship. Temporary Change People who bread crumb may change when we call them out on their behavior, but don't be fooled. Dr McNeil says that they will often try to be more open, attentive and vulnerable in the relationship in an effort to draw you back in, only to do it all over again once you forgive them. It's crucial to recognize this pattern and understand that their temporary change is a manipulation tactic, not a genuine transformation. It's crucial to be aware of the signs of bread crumming to protect yourself from emotional manipulation and wasted time. While bread crumming can leave you disheartened and disillusioned, always keep in mind that a healthy relationship should be based on open communication and mutual respect.  Invest your time and emotions in those who reciprocate your feelings and are willing to build a genuine connection. So Psych2Goers, have you ever experienced bread crumming? What advice can you give for those being bread crumbed? Let us know in the comments down below. And if you liked this video and want to learn more about similar topics, we also have a video on 6 signs a breakup might be good for you. Don't forget to like and subscribe to continue supporting our work.


Okay, so good morning and welcome. We'll pray and get started. So would someone like to lead in prayer from the on-campus batch? Abhishek, can you just pass the mic to him or someone else? We don't have time. Thank you, Heavenly Father. We give thanks for this beautiful time, Father. As we are going to start our studies, Father. We give thanks for this time, Father. We give thanks for Teacher, Father. We pray for the teacher. You bless the teacher, Father. Father, we pray for ourselves, Father. You give us wisdom and knowledge so whatever she will teach us, we will understand it properly. And whatever we will learn, Father, we will use it in your mighty way. Father, we submit this matter in your mighty hand and we ask in the name of Jesus, Amen. Amen. Thank you. Thank you there for praying. In the last class, I think we had a good discussion about prophetic prayer and how we must hear from God. And that's how, you know, sometimes God leads us by speaking to us and telling us, you know, what he's going to do, whether in our lives or in someone else's life. So apart from normal prayer, normal prayer is we have some set of prayer points and we seek God for those. But prophetic prayer is when we pray on the basis of revelation or hearing from God. And each one of us can practice that. We can hear from God about what he wants us to do and who he wants us to pray for. So that was a very helpful subject. Now we can move on to the next subject here, which has to do with prayer and persisting in prayer. So the term persistence or persisting, this is chapter 10 in our notes. It has to do with being consistent, being patient and continuing to pray those requests without giving up. So persistence is to keep praying till you see the result. Some of us, we could pray about a matter, but when it doesn't come through, the tendency is to question God. Why is it not happening? What happened? What did I do? What is God thinking? And somewhere in between, we have this tendency to just let it go. We don't pray about it anymore. But persistence means when we know that something is the will of God or something is in God's heart for us, we should not stop praying till we see that happen or the fulfillment of that matter. So that's what we will discuss right now. So in the Bible, Jesus spoke about persistence or he spoke about being consistent and following up on our prayer points. So there are two passages, Luke chapter 11 and Luke chapter 18, where we will read how exactly Jesus meant persistence to be. So one of us will have to read from Luke 11 verses 5 through 8 and another person could please read from Luke 18 verses 1 through 8. Luke chapter 11 verses 5 and he said to them, which of you shall have a friend and go to him at midnight and say to him, friend, lend me three loaves. For a friend of mine has come to me on his journey and I have nothing to say before him. Verse 7 and he will answer from within and say, do not trouble me. The door is now shut and my children are with me in bed. I cannot rise and give to you. Verse 8, I say to you who he will not rise and give to him because he is his friend yet because of his persistence, he will rise and give him as many as he needs. So thank you for reading that portion Abhishek. So here we see that in this situation, there is a person who has a friend visiting at a very odd hour, which is midnight hour and obviously at midnight people are resting in their homes. But then this person, he wants to provide for the visiting friend and so he asks another person, another friend, he goes ahead and asks and says, you know, lend me three loaves for my friend has come to me on his journey. But you see in a situation like this, nobody would like to feel disturbed. Like, you don't want to be disturbed, right? But one of the qualities of this host is that he doesn't give up. He is insisting or he is persisting. Let's see what he says. Even though the friend says, don't trouble me, the door is now shut and my children are with me in bed. I cannot rise and give to you. The response is the next passage or the next verse that we see because of his persistence, because of his persistence, he will rise and give, whatever is required. So in this situation, we have to understand that there is a person who is unwilling. So at midnight, everybody is unwilling. But even an unwilling person, when there are repeated requests, what happens? Sometimes they yield or sometimes they change their mind and they say, okay, fine. You're asking so many times, you just take it. Okay, so that is the picture which is being painted for us. But is God like that? Is God somebody who is unwilling to give us? What do you think? Maybe the time that we are asking is disturbing God or what we are asking is too big for God. And that's why he says, don't disturb me. Come tomorrow. Does that ever happen with God? It doesn't because the thing is that though the example here is mentioning a person who is unwilling, God is not like that. So persistence is necessary, but we have to understand it with God in the picture. So obviously God is not someone who will make us wait and make us suffer and make us struggle. He is not that kind. Even then, Jesus is talking about an attitude on the part of the person who is asking, what is that? We must have persistence or we should not give up. That attitude is necessary to see answers to prayer. So that's the focus. It's not that God is not willing. God is very much willing, but he likes an attitude where we don't give up. And we say God, your word says, you have promised, you have spoken. I'm standing on your word. I'm standing on these scriptures. I want to see the fulfillment of this promise. So the persistence on the part of the person who's praying or on our part is what is necessary. Now let's look at one more passage. This is in Luke 18. This is also a parable about persistence on the part of somebody making a request. So Luke 18 verses 1 to 8. Sister, can I read? Then he spoke a parable to them that men always ought to pray and not lose heart, saying there was in a certain city a judge who did not fear God nor regard men. Now there was a widow in that city and she came to him saying, get justice for me from my adversary. And he would not for a while, but afterward he said within himself, though I do not fear God nor regard men yet because this widow travels me, I will avenge her lest by her, coming see very me. Then the Lord said, hear what the unjust just said, and shall God not avenge his own elect who cry out day and night to him, though he veers long with them. I tell you that he will avenge them speedily, nevertheless when the son of man comes, will he really find faith on the earth. Okay, so very similar story here where there is a widow and she goes to the ruler of that city and she is asking for justice. What does it say about this judge? In verse 4, the last part, the judge makes this statement, though I do not fear God nor regard man. So this judge is not, doesn't seem like very righteous because he is not thinking about man or he is not thinking about God. And then we go on to read in verse 6, unjust judge. Okay, these are the qualities of the judge. Now a person like this who is unrighteous, unjust, we don't even expect a result. Sometimes when we approach, you know, some person or some agency where we feel they won't respond, our hope is very small because maybe, you know, it's just a waste of time to approach such people. But in this case, though the person is unjust, unrighteous, he still responds to the request of the widow. Why? Because of her persistence. It says here because of her continual coming. Continuously she's coming back to the ruler and saying, you have to do something. You have to do something. I won't leave you. You have to give me justice. So the persistence is what pushed the ruler to help this widow. Now again, in this passage, we have to understand there is an unwilling, unjust ruler. Is God like that? No, right. God is willing. God is righteous. God is gracious. So actually to be persistent with God, it should not be so difficult because it's easier to trust God. It's easier to believe that God will do it for us. But the focus of both of these passages is the persistence or the consistency on the part of the person who is making the prayer. If we ask and then we let go, it's unfortunate because even though something may be a promise from God, we may not see its fulfillment. But if we are consistent, if we are persistent, then we will see a fulfillment of that promise. In fact, if you go back to Luke chapter 11, just go back there, Luke 11 verses 5 through 8. So we read about this friend, isn't it, who was unwilling to give. But we saw how he gave because of the persistence of the one asking. What continues after that? What continues after verse 8? Just check in the Bible. Yeah. So Jesus is teaching about prayer after talking about persistence. And he's saying, so even somebody who does not want to give will give if you ask again and again. Then why don't you ask God? Because God will give you. If something is in his plan, if it is in his purpose, God will give it. Therefore ask, you will receive. Seek, you will find, knock, the door will be open to you. Don't give up in prayer is the point that is being made here. And in Luke 18 verse 1, just look at that. Luke 18 and verse 1, what does it say? Yeah, correct. So there is a word of encouragement. What does Jesus say? He's speaking a parable to them that men always ought to pray and not lose heart. Meaning keep praying. Don't get discouraged. When you don't see immediate results, don't be discouraged. That's the whole point. So sometimes when it comes to prayer, we need patience. Okay, and I've been saying in some situations, we may see, it depends on the timing that God has assigned for that promise to be fulfilled. Sometimes we see it happen in weeks, sometimes we see it happen in months, sometimes it's even a matter of years. But if we become tired, if we become discouraged and we give up, then we can't blame God. That God didn't do it. It's us who actually gave up. And that is why God's word says, don't be discouraged. Don't lose heart. Men must always pray. We have to always pray and not be discouraged. Okay, now in Hebrews chapter 6, we read about, you know, rest. God giving us or with the example of the Israelites. If you remember the Israelites, they were journeying to reach the promised land. So you read like as you move towards Hebrews chapter 6, you read about them and how finally they reached the promised land and all of that. Okay, but like in Hebrews chapter 6 and verse 12, there's one statement that the writer makes. Can somebody read that out? Hebrews 6 verse 12. So that you may not be sluggish, but imitators of those who through faith and patience inherit the promises. Okay, so there are two qualities which we need to fulfil God's purpose. What are the two things it's mentioned here? What do you need? Faith and patience. We can have faith, but if we lack patience, then even then it's difficult to inherit the promises of God. We may have a lot of patience, but if we don't carry faith, it's difficult to receive the promises of God. But there is a combination. When we are people of faith, along with patience. So when we talk about the subject of prayer, yes, there are many prayers that get answered like that. And when we look at the ministry of Jesus, especially in his ministry, in his personal time, he spent hours of prayer with the Lord. But in public ministry, it was like quick, right? We healed. We set free. Demon, come out. Lazarus, come forth. And it happened. So those were all commands that he issued on the basis of his strong relationship with God. He didn't sit for hours and persist with God in that moment. But throughout his personal journey, he has already been spending time with God. He's already been praying about all these matters. So the answers were very quick, so quick. You hardly find Jesus commanding twice. I think in only one situation, he commands twice. But otherwise, it's all instant, immediate, okay? Peace be still. The storm just calmed down. Any prayer that, you know, you find Jesus, especially in the ministry, results are immediate. So today, when we pray, we pray for people, we get excited, right? I prayed and they got healed. We prayed. This pain disappeared. We prayed and they're able to move their hands. Do immediate things happen? Yes, they do. Immediately, a lot of results take place. That's part of the way our faith works. That's part of the way our prayer works. But there are other prayers that fall in categories where we need some patience. We cannot get immediate results for certain prayers. So what tends to happen to us as believers is we become discouraged. We feel, in all these things, I'm praying for these matters and I'm seeing quick results but I'm praying for other matters in my personal life. I'm not seeing any quick results. Something is wrong, okay? Maybe something is wrong with me. We begin to ask such questions but what does God's Word teach us? There is also the element of persistence, patience. There are some prayers for which we must be persistent means to consistently come back to God like that friend or like that woman again and again, again and again, okay? So again and again asking God, is it, do you think it's okay or what do you feel about that? Asking God repeatedly or is it a sign of lack of faith? We already prayed about something. We prayed with faith, okay? Now, to ask God about the same thing again, is it okay? Is it not okay? It's okay? All right. So you see, when we pray for the first time, faith is necessary because without faith our prayers will not get answered. So we have to pray with faith. Sometimes when we don't have faith, we do this thing of, you know, begging God, please, please, please, again and again, right? You ring the bell again and again, hopefully he'll open the door for us. But that's not what we are talking about. That's not what we are talking about. The first time we pray, we must have faith. How will we have faith? As long as we know that it is the will of God, the purpose of God, it's in the word of God, we'll have faith. Because if we ask according to his will, he hears us, right? We've already discussed that. So when the first time we pray, it's in the will of God and we believe that God will do it for us. But there are some prayers where we know that it may take time. So we may need to go back and keep expressing our desire for that to happen. For example, I told us when we pray for revival, so many of us we are praying for months, for years, our churches are praying, okay? For a long time, we can't stop praying because it's in the heart of God. But God also wants us to pray, that is co-laboring with God. There is value to that. It's not that we are begging God and he's not listening to us. That's not the picture. He's definitely listening to us but he wants somebody to labor in prayer. For these matters, that is why we must be persistent. That is why we need some patience. So in life, like the Israelites, like the people who receive the promises, those who receive the promises, the Bible tells us two things are required. Faith, patience. Without these, we will not inherit the promises of God. Both of these are necessary. Okay? So this is how we understand persistence in prayer. And Hebrews 1035, that's also a really nice scripture. Kindly turn to it. And who would like to read that? Who would like to volunteer? I can read, sister. Okay. It's already, Mike is already there. You read it. Next, you can pass it. Therefore, do not throw away your confidence, which has a great reward. Okay. So what does it say? Therefore, do not throw away your confidence, which has great reward. It's just like Jesus speaking in Luke 18 and verse one. Therefore, men always ought to pray and not lose heart. Same way, Hebrews 1035, do not cast away your confidence, which has great reward. In other words, keep having faith in God. Keep hoping in God. Keep asking God. Keep trusting God. Keep praying. There will be a time when we will see the promises of God fulfilled.  But it's still taking time to see that plan fulfilled. How will we pray? Let's say we prayed by faith once. Okay. And then we continued praying in faith for like two months. But by that time, we already have revelation from God. We have promises, pictures, scriptures, everything. We are sure. 100% sure. But this matter will only happen one year later. You still have time, right? For the whole year. How to pray? Good. Praise. Yeah. So we must praise and thank God. You remember Abraham? Yeah. He gave glory to God. He gave thanks to God. So once we are convinced that something will be fulfilled, we must start thanking God. So we can spend time thanking God. And that is also prayer. That's also persistent prayer. You got it? So this is the way in which one must confidently continue in prayer and not give up. There are, you know, quite a number of scriptures in our notes that talk about continuing earnestly or continuing sincerely, continue sincerely in prayer. All right. Now, why is it that some matters take time? Why is it that some answers take time? Let's look at that question. What do you, what do you feel? What could be the reasons? Sister, because it's not in God's timing or God's will. God knows best. Okay. Okay. God knows best. Sister, it is not in God's timing. I can see that somebody is trying to answer online, but we can't hear a person. So sister, please excuse us today. There's some issue. We're not able to hear the audio of the online students. So if you don't mind, please type in the chat, then I can read out your question. So the question I'm asking is, why do some answers take time? God knows best. That's one answer. What else? Correct. Okay. For everything, there is a time that is observed in the way God works. God works very wisely according to His timetable. Okay. So that is one of the main reasons why certain answers don't come immediately. There is a timing. Remember, we talked about the appointed times of God or the Greek word is kyros. The kyros moments of God. So in God's time at the right time with even Bible even says Galatians 4 that the Lord Jesus he came in the fullness of time. If you go back to the book of Genesis, we'll see there that God created Adam and Eve and you know the serpent came deceived, but you find a promise of God in the book of Genesis where God says that the seed of the man will crush the head of the serpent. In Genesis, God said that that Satan will be defeated. It's way back. So once Genesis has happened we are wondering God when are you going to send the seed of Adam? Who is this seed of Adam who will come and crush Satan? Everyone's waiting for the promise of God, but in Galatians chapter 4 and verse 4 it says in the fullness of time God sent Jesus. So there was a timing like 2000 years had passed and then later you find that at a certain time Jesus Christ is being born. So we cannot function you know according to our own timetable there is a certain timetable that God has in mind. So there is God's timing we have to be patient enough to wait for God's timing for things to be fulfilled in our lives. This applies for everything. In personal life there is God's timing in ministry life there is God's timing you know we may start in the ministry and we may think by this time I should do all these great things and I should have a building and I should do I should go here go there but there is a timing we just have to patiently journey with God at the right time God will make all those things happen or how about the way the world functions or the way things happen in the nation there is a timing we are all aware that we are living in the last days or the last of the last days and there are so many things happening in the world we hear about matters that are going on in the world things are progressing according to God's time table ok so that is something we have to understand we must be patient and be understanding of God's timing if it is the right time to move we should know this is the time come on let's do this ok but maybe there are times when we have to wait at that time we should just wait trust God pray thank God and hold on for the right moment this is very very important this again is sort of discerning discernment from our side wisdom from our side God can give us that wisdom that we require so timing because of God's timing sometimes we feel that there are delays now what other reasons could be there why the answer doesn't come immediately any other reasons timing is one timing is ok ok maybe it's not according to God's will fine see your answer is right but because we have already understood that we should try as much as possible to pray according to God's will we are working with that in mind that we have already prayed according to God's will and still it's not happened according to God's will then you know it may not happen ok a lot of codes coming from Akhil today so God's delays are not God's deniers that's true but why are there delays one is timing God is testing us could be yes sorry he's building you up fine alright ok God is building us up that's also correct God is building us up any other reasons ok so Amman is saying that there is evil or there is the demonic kingdom they will try to stop the answers to prayers in our lives which is true it's true ok so we find in the book of Daniel Daniel chapter 10 verses 12 and 13 there is a situation where Daniel prays to God and God answers him immediately but the answer doesn't reach Daniel and he is fasting and praying for 21 days 21 days right for the answer to reach him why when God has already answered the moment he prayed God answered him but there was a demonic sort of interference which stopped the answer to from coming to him so in the same way in our lives there can be certain situations where it's not like God is not answering he has answered engage in a certain level of spiritual warfare ok so when we engage in spiritual warfare what happens you in this particular situation in the case where Daniel prayed God sent angels to fight the demonic rulers same way when we pray God is already granted this approved take it but the hindrance which is there because of demons as we pray what happens is that God will destroy that hindrance how he does it that's up to him but in the case of Daniel we see that angels go and they start fighting the demonic rulers that's when actually the answer is release to Daniel so these are all you know some points to keep in mind when there are delays maybe maybe there is some form of a hindrance in the answer from coming through while I agree like what Akhil said God's delays God's delays but even when we say God's delays I feel like God actually doesn't delay you know what I mean we are combining those two terms God's delays as if God is working late and you know God is postponing things and making it late for us he never does that he's always working on time but there are other factors in the picture which are the problem which we have to identify first is we must be discerning of timings is this the right time I'm asking God God you do this do this do this is it correct like can God do it now or is it meant to happen in another time and the second thing is yes I know God has answered me but I have to engage in spiritual warfare to destroy the works of the demons okay so that is the second thing the third one why there could be delays is some of the other points that all of you shared so just quickly look at the chart here I had asked the question why don't we receive immediate answers and there are responses a parmita says satan satan at work your sister Ghatru it's not in God's will and timing Jennifer God knows the timings Sanjay wrong motives in prayer yeah correct so we don't receive because we ask a miss the Bible says that's true then Jennifer God has a specific plan for us and in his timing our prayer according to his will will be answered according to the time that will be a great blessing for us maybe satan is responsible for the delay satan is hindering our prayers okay thank you so much for your responses as we've examined what you are saying is correct okay now timing we have some understanding about timing second is we have an understanding about demonic interference okay the third reason the third reason is God wants us to be fully obedient before we can see certain answers that was put in a different way by some of you I think Asapu said test yeah he said test and somebody said God is building a character that is true you know sometimes what God does is he allows us to go through a season where we are built up as a person as a believer as a child of God as a minister think about the life of Paul okay Apostle Paul you probably have done this in fulfilling God's purpose you know ministers foundation when Apostle Paul was called by God the historians say he was roughly around 30 33 years old yeah around that age so what will we think oh this person is already 30 something years old you start the ministry now your whole life you can serve God as long as you live so we are always in a hurry we want to do it immediately but when you study the life of Paul you understand that there were at least 16 years 16 to 17 years in the life of Apostle Paul which are called as silent years silent years where the Bible doesn't comment about it like what was he doing where was he serving what exactly happened not much information but what is going on in those years he's he his character is being developed as a minister of God he's being grounded in the doctrine of God's word he is ministering to people you know teaching the truth of God's word would that have been easy for Paul I don't think so 16 years nobody even knows the name you don't read up Paul at all you read in Acts 9 and then suddenly in Acts 11 again Paul comes back but in between like Acts 9, Acts 11 17 years so we may ask God God why are you delaying you know Paul is like your best candidate put him to work immediately let him start his work let him do all the missionary journeys God says I'm not in a hurry I need character to be built up in this individual so the greater the work it is said I'll give you one quote the greater the work the greater the preparation so God is not in a hurry he's happy to prepare us he's happy to allow us to go through that journey so that everything in us our knowledge our skills our character, our values standards all that is put in order to some extent obviously we're not saying perfection but to some extent some maturity when God sees that ok now you're ready you're mature come on start the work so God is waiting for that preparation God is waiting for that kind of obedience from our side only then he can say ok now you're ready come on do this till that time we may question God why are you not doing why are you not opening the door and God is saying you're not ready you need some more time to prepare yourself you need some more time to set everything right in your heart pray correctly the answer for that prayer comes so in various matters this happens the attitudes of our hearts becomes the problem well God wants to answer but maybe for example I'm praying for somebody to be blessed but in my heart I'm very judgmental about that person or I carry some kind of bitterness that person maybe on the surface I just prayed for them because they asked me to pray but deep within my heart I have unforgiveness, bitterness anger and then I'm asking God God why are you not answering my prayers God is saying your attitude is not correct that attitude needs to be set right within our heart so sometimes it's God's grace actually God is very gracious to us he allows time and he says this is the time I'm giving you where you can rectify change these matters within your heart so it tends to be the fact that we are not completing all obedience or we are not completing all God's requirements in order to walk through that open door or receive that blessing or see the fulfillment of that promise so even that can we are saying delay it's not because God is delay where is the delay on whose side is the delay it's our side so the faster we respond and yield to God the quicker the answers will come so these are all some of the reasons why there can be delays in our prayer we are talking a little bit more about persistence in prayer we already talked about Elijah you remember Elijah we said he is a prophet of God so he knew how to hear from God and he heard from God that there is going to be rain there is going to be drought so he already knows in 1st Kings chapter 18 he communicates it but we saw how he prayed isn't it he prayed seven times now the seven times is the persistence that we are talking about where even Elijah knew that he has to pray again and again and again for this particular matter for it to be fulfilled now if a man like Elijah and this is way back in the Old Testament today thank God we have the Bible in our hands we can read about all these people and get the wisdom from their lives but think about Elijah at that time you didn't even have the written copy of what scripture has to say but by insight and wisdom and revelation this man knew that there are some matters where one needs to pray repeatedly and that is why he prays and he even understands what is the time the moment he sees some manifestation he starts to move isn't it so that discernment Elijah had and the Bible teaches us in the book of James there is a scripture it's in James chapter 5 it's verse 17 where it says Elijah was a man with a nature like ours he prayed earnestly that it would not rain and it did not rain on the land for 3 years and 6 months and he prayed again and the heaven gave rain and the earth produced its fruit so what does it tell us it says Elijah was a man who are we we are human beings when it says Elijah was a man it simply means he was just a human being we are also just human beings but if Elijah could pray and it rained or there was drought on his word same thing is applicable to us today if we pray earnestly we can also see results so I am just going to stop here we can come back maybe have some discussions and then close off this chapter and we will move to the next chapter so we can stop now there are no questions so we will go for a break thank you


When moving to a new community, one of the most challenging obstacles might be making new friends. The Brainerd Lakes Area Newcomers Group is hoping to help in that process. Sarah Winkelman has this week's Community Spotlight. Many aspects of the community have come together to help bring the Brainerd Lakes Area Newcomers Club back into town. We just felt that it was really important that we have a way to welcome new people to our community and kind of get them, I guess you will, locked into a group of friends, so once we get people here we want people to stay here. There have been several versions of the group in the past, including when Carl's in-laws joined back in the 50's. They moved here in 1957 and their whole network of best friends were people they met in the Newcomers Club for 36 years until they passed away. Organizers hope the club will stick around and most importantly that people will join and just say yes. The opportunity when you move to a new area, I say yes to it, only because I think it's important to get to know others and see different elements of the community and meet different people and so it's been really fun just saying yes to a lot of different things. And saying yes to the Call of Action is the club coordinator who is excited to start back up the Newcomers Club. I was born and raised here and I feel like this area hasn't really been that welcoming. You know, so we kind of wanted to get something where people could meet other newcomers and just feel welcome and more at home. However, Amanda is not the only local who participates in the club's gatherings. One of the things that I didn't realize is there's people here who are from the area and also newcomers, which I think is a brilliant idea because then you can ask questions about people who actually are from here. The club combines social gatherings and open community and the cool factor in an effort to make newcomers feel welcome and hopefully stay in town. Well, it's really fun for one. I love doing it and I just think it's great to bring people together and let them know that you're here to help them. The Get-Togethers are focused on local opportunities to get newcomers involved. For this week's Community Spotlight and Brainerd, Sarah Winkelman, Lakeland News. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.