Now, as gunshots echo across the windswept snow-covered reaches of the wild northwest, Quaker popped wheat and Quaker popped rice. The breakfast cereal shot from guns presents the challenge of the Yukon. It's Yukon King, swiftness and strongest lead dog of the northwest, blazing a trail for Sergeant Preston of the northwest mounted police in his relentless pursuit of lawbreakers. Yukon King, on Yukon King! Gold, gold discovered in the Yukon, a stampede to the Klondike in the wild race for riches. Back to the days of the gold rush, with Quaker popped wheat and Quaker popped rice, bringing you the adventures of Sergeant Preston and his wonder dog Yukon King as they meet the challenge of the Yukon. A new huskies! Yes, think of traveling for hours and hours as Sergeant Preston does behind a team of huskies along the Yukon trail through blinding blizzards and storms. Believe me, you'd want to start out with a nourishing he-man breakfast, the kind that includes a heaping bowl full of nutritious, crisp, Quaker popped wheat or Quaker popped rice, topped with milk or cream and fresh fruit like luscious red strawberries. Remember, in these famous cereals shot from guns, you get extra food values of restored natural grain amounts of vitamin B1, niacin and iron. For a nourishing dish that's always a treat, enjoy Quaker popped rice or Quaker popped wheat. In the days of the gold rush and the great Yukon territory, it wasn't unusual for men to meet for the first time and to become friends and partners on the spur of the moment. Just such a friendship had developed when a young Texan named Bud Austin entered the Nugget Cafe in Selkirk and approached a table occupied by a tall, well-built man from Mexico called Jose. Bud Austin stopped at the table and spoke. Howdy, partner. Do you have any objections? Let me sit here at your table. The cafe's a bit crowded, seems like. Well, the pleasure she is mine, amigo. Sit down if you like. Thanks a lot. See, you talk like you might come from down my way. I'm Bud Austin from Brownsville, Texas. Well, I am Jose Fernando Bernadino Luis Aldamus. In other words, your name is Jose. Oh, sure. That is all anyone ever remember, amigo. But that does not matter. You have just arrived on the boat, perhaps, in your boat? Yeah, I came up here to make my fortune, but it looks like everybody in the States got here before me. I reckon there isn't a claim left to be state. Well, it is not easy to find a good location, amigo. I have come up on the first boat in the spring, but only now have I found a claim which I have borrowed enough money to work.  See, first I have found a good location and filed a claim. But for a month I have not enough money for tools and supplies.  Others near my claim have made this strike. After that, the senor who owns this cafe, the senor Davis, he's come to Jose and offered to lend him money. I have signed the note and someday I've paid off with much interest. Well, wish I had enough to buy India claim, Jose. Coming from the same territory down the Rio Grande seems like you're an old friend. Oh, see, senor Bud. Maybe it is like that, too. Uh, how much could you pay for the buy into the claim, perhaps? Well, the trip and all cost a lot more than I expected, Jose. All I have left is about $100. Oh, for the $100, amigo, you are become the partner of Jose and we work the mind together, no? Great day, Jose Amine. Why, but of course. First we shall eat, then we shall ride out the claim and, uh, cramba without a horse you will be. Oh, that's what cost me so much on the trip, Jose. I brought my horse along with me. So-so? You other know folks down our way don't consider themselves well-dressed, listen, they have their horse along. And see, that is right, amigo Bueno. Then soon we shall leave here and go to our claim, yes. Jose and Bud Austin worked hard at their claim. It was a month later when they rode into Selkirk and stopped behind the cafe. Oh, oh, oh. We stopped here at the back door and not go through the cafe. Gosh, I bet Mr. Davis will be glad. Uh, Jose? Yes, he is. And why not, amigo? Is he not getting back his money with interest? Come in. Senor Davis! We have come with the good news. Oh, hello, Jose. What's the good news you have? Uh, we have three more than enough gold in these leather bags, Senor Davis. To pay back what you have lend me. You mean you and Austin made a strike out there? No, he's so dead. See, we shall be rich. Already we have more gold to bring to town. Now, Senor, you can give me back the note which I have signed to get that loan from you, yes? Wait a minute, Jose. Take it easy. But the note! We have bring the gold so now I... Yeah, yeah, yeah, Davis. People say the note he signed. Let's get this over with. Jose didn't sign a note. Oh, but he told me that he... Now, please, please. Senor Davis, this is not true. What you say. A month ago I came to you for money, no? It was then I signed the note. You signed a paper at that time, Jose. But it wasn't a note. I don't savvy this, Jose.  Wait, Senor. But now, Senor Davis, perhaps you will explain all this, please. Sure. A month ago when I lent you that money, you signed a paper saying that if you made a strike, half the mind belongs to me. Huh? I have it in black and white. No, no, Senor. This is not true. There's something fishy about all this. Jose and I have an agreement saying half the mind belongs to me, Davis. Next time you better read what you sign, Jose. I have that paper with your signature on it. That means I own half the mind. But this cannot be. There are about two halfs. One of them is mine. The other belongs to my partner, but... There's no reason why you two shouldn't be partners, Jose. You'll have to share half the mind between you since the other half is signed over to me.  It is no good to argue about it here, amigo. We leave now and talk to the matter more at our cabin, no? Oh, it's just the same. I'm plenty sore about it.  And you, Senor Davis. I'll write out with the constable in the morning just to make sure you realize that paper's legal. So long, Jose. You can expect us bright and early in the morning. The following day, Sergeant Preston arrived in Selkirk and stopped in front of the constable's office. Hold on, King. Hold on. Come on, King. Sergeant Preston. I'm sure glad to see you. Hello, George. Is something wrong? Well, I have to admit something has happened that stumps me a bit. Have a chair, Sergeant. I'll tell you about it. Go ahead, George. You remember Jose, don't you? Jose Aldamas? Yes. Jose stayed in Dawson a while before coming here to Selkirk. What about him? Well, as you may recall, Jose was tall and muscular. Built very much like you, Sergeant. I remember his appearance. I even remember he has a jagged scar on his chin. That's right. Well, Mr. Davis, owner of the cafe, came to me and asked me to go to Jose's cabin with him this morning. What for? Jose signed an agreement given Davis a half share in his claim. That was a month or so ago when Davis grabbed State Jose. I see. Seems the same day Jose received the money from Davis. He teamed up with a young Texan called Bud Austin. Bud Austin? I met him too in Dawson. He came to headquarters asking for information about filing a claim. Seems like a nice young fellow to me. Yes, I know. Well, Bud and Jose came to town yesterday. They'd struck gold. And they went to Davis's office to repay the money he'd lent Jose. That should have made Davis happy. I guess it did. But it seems Jose tried to back down on the agreement he'd signed. Saying he thought he'd signed a note for a loan. Oh, I see. What's more, he'd taken in Bud Austin as a partner. And according to Davis, when Bud found out about the signed agreement with Davis, he jumped all over Jose. He started an argument. What then? They both left. After Jose said they'd better wait until they got the cabin to discuss the matter. This morning, I went out there with Davis to try to settle things. We found Jose was gone. Gone? You know the place out there, the location of the cabin? Yes. Cabins near a small canyon which drops down to the rapids of the Yukon River. That's right. Well, we found Bud lying on the ground near the edge of the canyon.  Seemingly, he had fallen and hit his head on a rock. But Jose, what about him? I am coming to that, Sergeant. As we leaned over at Bud Austin, after quickly looking around the location, he came to and stirred me to get up. What happened? Where is Jose? Where is he? I guess you know that better than we do, Austin. You found this gun in your hand and Jose's head on the edge of the canyon. I don't say what you mean. What about Jose? As we can make out Austin, you shot him and then tossed him over into the rapids below. You can see foot marks where the body was dragged to the edge of the canyon cliff. No. No, that's a lie. You hear a lie. I've been knocked down.   No. I didn't shoot Jose. I didn't kill him. You can't save him. Take it easy, Bud. We'll talk it over later. Right now, we'd better get you to town and have that edit. I can't believe young Austin would do such a thing. Where's he now? I brought him here, Sergeant. After the doctor fixed his head wound, I took him into custody. As a suspect in the murder of Jose Aldamus. I'd like to talk to you about Austin, George. Of course, Sergeant. Come on. Wait here, King. Sergeant, press sincere to see you, Austin. Sergeant, get me out of here. Help me find out who did away with Jose. Please, Sergeant. You have to believe me when I say I didn't do it. Calm down, Bud. Calm down. Now tell me exactly what happened last night after you arrived at the cabin. Oh, sure. Sure, I'll tell you. When we left Davis' office, I was plenty riled up at Jose. You know about the agreement? Yes. Go on with your story. Oh, I didn't stay riled long. Nobody really could with Jose, but by the time we got back to the cabin, we were as friendly as ever. You talked over the situation? Well, we had some gold hidden in the cabin and a small satchel made of ponyskin that I brought from Texas. Oh. We got that out in the table and decided to take it in the morning to some lawyer, so as to get him to fight for our claim against Davis. And what happened after that? Well, we both turned in for the night. Sometime later, there was a knock at the door. Jose got up and without taking his gun, opened the door. Go on. I heard someone speaking a low voice. Jose stepped outside, closing the door. A minute later, I heard a shot, so I ran out. Someone hit me on the back of the head. I see. That's all I remember, Sergeant. I come to and found Davis and the constable bended over me. Jose was my friend and partner.  And if you don't find the one who did, the law might hang me for murder. We'll continue our adventure in just a moment. You know what I've got in my hands right now? I've got those big red-and-blue packages of Quaker-puffed wheat and Quaker-puffed rice. Because I wanted to tell you, fellas and girls, something about the famous, smiling Quaker-man on the front of these packages. You know, he's your guarantee that you're getting the original, crisp, fresh, shot-from-gun cereal. Yes? My? But you're flattering? Well, just like I... Who said that? Why, I did. You? Who are you? I am the Quaker-man on the package. You were just talking about... Well, I was, but, gee, I never expected you to say anything. Well, I don't normally. I wish I could. You do? Yes. I wish I could say good morning to all the boys and girls and their families when they have me on their breakfast table. Oh, that would be nice. But look, why not say hello now? Fine idea. Hello, boys and girls. When you see me smiling at you from the package, that's my way of saying good morning. And what's more, I'm minding glad to see you enjoy those breakfasts of Quaker-puffed wheat and Quaker-puffed rice. Yes, fellas and girls, there's the swellest-tasting breakfast ever. Delicious, ready-to-serve wheat or rice shot from guns. Just remember to get these crisp, tender, king-sized grains exploded up to eight times normal size. Look for the big red and blue packages with the smiling Quaker-man on the front. He's your guarantee that you're getting the original, the one and only Quaker-puffed wheat and Quaker-puffed rice shot from guns. And say, don't forget that exciting Sergeant Preston Yukon Trail cutout models are waiting for you on eight different new packages of Quaker-puffed rice and Quaker-puffed wheat. You don't pay a single extra penny for these larger, easier-to-build models. Get Sergeant Preston's cabin, dog sled, team of Huskies, the White Horse Jail, 59 thrilling models in all. They come only with delicious Quaker-puffed wheat and Quaker-puffed rice. Get yours right away. This week at Chicago's Navy Pier, America's independent retail grocers, operators of large and small stores are assembling for the 51st Annual Convention of the National Association of Retail Grocers. They are exchanging ideas on the very newest and most efficient ways of serving you and your family. These men are your neighbors, your friends, who invest their own capital to do their job well. They reinvest their earnings and their profits in their home community, and in many ways are a vital part of these communities. We send them our greetings and our very best wishes for a successful convention. Now to continue. Sergeant Preston had listened attentively to Bud's story at the same time keeping in mind what the constable had told him. There was a tense, quiet moment before Sergeant Preston finally spoke. What about Jose's body, Constable? Was it found? No, Sergeant. The rabbits must have carried it away. I see. Please, Sergeant, believe me, I declare that...  But I'll do my best to get at the truth. Let's go into the office, Constable. We'll be leaving in a few minutes, King. Just, uh, what do you think about all this, Sergeant? You say you found Jose's hat near the edge of the canyon? That's right. When a man gets up in the night to answer the door, he doesn't usually put on his hat. That's right, if we can believe Bud's story. I'm inclined to believe it, George. Of course, Bud Austin refuses to admit that he didn't think he could do with it. Jose's death, if he is dead. And until the body is found, we can't charge him with murder. I suggest you take King with you, George, and go along the river bank down in that canyon. Maybe you can locate the body. All right, Sergeant, what are you going to do? I'm going out to look over the cabin Jose and Bud used. Maybe if you took King with you, he could pick up a trail that might lead to something. Well, we know Davis and a couple of his men were there with you this morning, so if the trail did to them, it wouldn't mean anything. That's right. You think King will go with me? Yes, of course, King. Go with George, King.  I'll see you later, Sergeant. Oh, hold on, George, just a minute. What is it? There's only skin satchel with a gold in it. The one Bud said they put on the table at the cabin. There wasn't any satchel there, Sergeant. Oh? Davis claimed Bud was just trying to tell a story that make us believe the motive was robbery. I see. I'll meet you later here at the office, so long. After the constable left with King to hunt for Jose's body, Sergeant Preston rode out the trail toward the cabin on the cliff. He reigned to a halt in front of the cabin and dismounted. Oh, boy. Oh, boy. As Preston started up the steps of the porch, a warning winny from his faithful horse, Blackie, caused them only to swing around, gun in hand. Sergeant Preston saw Blackie with ears pointed forward, looking toward a grove of trees on the edge of the clearing. Blackie had caught the scent of men and horses and had immediately relayed the nearness of possible danger to his master. As Sergeant Preston stood sharply eyeing the shadows under the trees, he saw the glint of light on a gun and even as he threw himself flat, the shot rang out. That was close. Preston waited a few moments after the exchange of shots, and then seeing no one, he crawled a few feet to the door. Once inside, he stood up. Now to get to the front window. Whoever it was is leaving in a hurry. Ready, Blackie? Easy, boy. Pick up the trail on that grove. Get up, Blackie. Come on, now. It was easy for Sergeant Preston to follow the trail he found in the grove. He discovered that two horsemen had been there and they had gone into town. He lost the trail among the many hoof prints on the main street, but seemed reasonably sure the two men had headed for the cafe. Preston returned to the constable's office. Meantime, the two horsemen, henchmen of Davis's named Wally and Ralph, entered the back office of the cafe. How did you make out? We were just getting ready to search the cabin and see if there's any more gold there. When the money came along. I mean, the constable went back there? I don't want to get mixed up with him. Who are you talking about, Ralph? Ever hear of Sergeant Preston? That's who it was that came to the cabin out there. Are you sure it was Preston, Wally? It was him, all right. Lucky for us, he didn't have that big dog of his with him. Yeah, when you took a shot at Preston, that dog would have tried to get at us. You mean to say you shot at that, Mountie? Wally did, but somehow Preston got wise and flopped down just before Wally threw the lead at him. You fools! Preston won't give up till he finds out who fired at him. He won't have his dog with him. He won't be able to trail us here. Anyway, stop worrying. Austin's in jail for Jose's murder and there's no way for him to prove he didn't do it. All we have to do is sit tight and deny everything. Ralph's right, Davis. You got nothing to beef about. You will end up with a fine gold mine. It was late afternoon when the constable returned to his office with King and found Sergeant Preston waiting. Well, George, any luck? King seems excited. I think he is. Because of him, we found Jose's body, Sergeant. Where's the body now? I brought it into the corners and left it there. Jose had been shot. He was evidently dead before we stoned over the cliff into the rapids. No one else knows about finding him? No one but the coroner and he won't tell anybody. Good. George, send word to Davis that something's come up and you want to bring Bud Austin to his office. I'll him to have them in there All right. Then what? Go there with Austin in about an hour. Review the case just to make conversation for a short time. What about you? First I'm going over the corners. I have a plan that may startle the truth out of Davis. Before I leave, I'll coach you on what to say. Dusk had fallen and the flickering oil lamp on Davis's desk in his office at the cafe cast shadows around the room as he, Wally and Ralph face the constable and Bud Austin. This is all about constable but since you wanted to meet here, we're willing. Well, if by some chance, Jose's still there.  If he was shot and then tossed over that cliff, how could he still be living? You seem awful sure about just how he died. Wally just stating the facts as we all saw them including the constable. By the way, Davis, may I see the agreement again that you and Jose signed a month or so ago? Sure, sure. There it is. Look it over constable. Thanks. As it says here, Fending Habs to Jose, you get the entire mind. Yes, we agreed on that. It also states you can see that he'd get my share if anything happened to me. But Jose signed an agreement with me making us partners. You tricked him into signing that one. Think what you like. This agreement was signed before yours, so you're out of luck. Anyhow, with the evidence and witnesses to appear against you at the trial, you won't need any agreement. You hang for killing Jose. I tell you, I didn't have any agreement. As Davis and Ralph talk, the constable notice the backdoor ease open slightly, knowing what to expect he spoke. I'd go and hang or even go to trial if he has a witness to prove he didn't kill Jose. Sure, but where would he get such a witness? Senor, I shall be the witness for my good friend, Bud.  You fools, you said that you... Davis stopped talking as he stared with the others at the figure of the room near the backdoor. His hands shook as he leaned on the desk to look, noting the jagged scar, the tall, well-built figure, the accent. Well, why do you all stare at Jose, Senorys? Because he has come back from the death you planned for him. No, no, it was Davis' idea. He sent us out there during the night to tell you and fix it like Austin did.  This is a trick. Whoever that is out... Wally made a dash for the door leading with Ralph close behind. Preston spoke out sharply. Stop them, King. Get them away! Cut them off, will you? I'll put a bullet in that. Oh, you won't? It's not Jose at all.  Oh, gosh, Sergeant, you looked and talked just like Jose when he came in that backdoor. But you still look just like him. I studied his features, Bud, and then disguised myself, so I might pass for him long enough to get one of them to talk. Man, oh, I bet it sure works, Sergeant. Well, well, this clears you. I'm sure the court will declare in favor of your agreement with Jose. Well, Collie, Sergeant, are you being able to make up an act just like Jose? No telling how things would have turned out. Well, let's say we sort about trick to trickster. Came up with a murder of Bud. Davis, you're under arrest in the name of the crown for the murder of Jose Aldomis. I'll get a lawyer. Without the body, you can't do anything. The body's been found, Davis. As far as I'm concerned, this case is closed. In just a moment, Sergeant Preston will give you a preview of Friday's adventure. Revenge from beyond. They're America's favorites. Four-to-one. Yes, among all puffed cereals, Quaker-puffed wheat and Quaker-puffed rice are the four-to-one favorites according to independent coast-to-coast surveys. So at your grocers, it's easy to spot your best buy. Just reach for the red-and-blue package with a smile and Quaker-man on the front. Yes, buy the original Hueter Rice shot from Gunn. It's your best buy in flavor. Your family gets so much delicious nut-like flavor in every spoonful. It's your best buy in Christmas. The choice premium grains of wheat and rice are actually exploded up to eight times normal size. And for added food values, Quaker-puffed wheat and Quaker-puffed rice give your whole family restored natural grain amounts of vitamin B1, niacin and iron. So at breakfast every morning, pour out big bowlfuls from the convenient non-tipping package. Pour on milk or good-rich cream topped with juicy red-ripe strawberries, sliced bananas, or other fresh fruit. There's an economical deluxe family breakfast. Remember the original crisp-fresh Hueter Rice shot from Gunn's comes only in the large red-and-blue package. A fine modern package with a sealed inner lining. That wonderful lining doubly protects the flavor and crispness until the very moment you serve it. That's why Quaker-puffed wheat or Quaker-puffed rice is never sold in bags or bulk. Another reason it's your best buy. So buy both delicious kinds tomorrow. And now here's Sergeant Preston. You wish to see me, Inspector? Yes, Sergeant Preston, I do. The express agent in Selkirk has disappeared under strange circumstances and a shipment of money is missing from the company safe. I want you to go down there and try to clear up the matter. All right, sir, I'll leave on the boat this afternoon. Take King with me. Let's go, King. Yes, Sergeant Preston and King are taking the boat to Selkirk to clear up this strange case. I'm afraid Sergeant Preston may find that the case is far stranger than appears on the surface and may be a dangerous one. Be sure to hear this exciting adventure Friday. These radio dramas are a feature of the challenge of the Yukon Incorporated are created by George W. Trendle produced by Trendle Campbell Enterprises directed by Fred Flower Day and supervised by Charles D. Livingston. The part of Sergeant Preston is played by Paul Sutton. They are brought to you every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at the same time by Quaker Pop Wheat and Quaker Pop Rice. The breakfast cereal shot from guns. Remember for delicious hot breakfast enjoy Quaker Oats. The giant of the cereals is Quaker Oats. Delicious, nutritious, makes you feel ambitious. The giant of the cereals is Quaker Oats. And here's why Quaker Oats is called the giant of the cereals. There's more growth, more endurance in oatmeal than any other whole grain cereal. So make your hot breakfast by flourishing Quaker Oats. Quaker and Mother's Oats are the same. This is J. Michael wishing you good bye, good luck and good health from Quaker Pop Wheat and Quaker Pop Rice. So long.


Welcome, welcome to Eat NATO for Breakfast Episode 10. It's a pleasure to be here. This is our half-way mark to the 20 breakfasts we have. And we felt we wanted to talk a little bit about history today. In past episodes, we already had friends like Vijay Prashat or Kate Hudson explaining to us the origins of NATO and how NATO expanded. And we try to understand why, for example, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, NATO, instead of dissolving itself, continued and even expanded. Today, the war in Ukraine is described as the worst in Europe since World War II. Let's forget Yugoslavia, which is, in fact, the first European crime to be formally classified as a genocidal in character since World War II. Can the lessons of the 10-year conflict in Yugoslavia be applied to today? What have we learned about NATO's role in the breakup of these multi-ethnic states about our own governments, about media coverage, about the economic conditions? Do we remember? Remembering is not only an exercise in nostalgia and not a memory test either, but knowledge to understand today and also to imagine the future. That's why we are here with Marko Sirabusa. He is a member of the editorial board of Meridiano 13. The link will be in the chat, so you can check it out, to discuss with us the Balkan War, the other worst war since World War II on European soil. So today, we'll go back to the 90s. Hi, Marko. Hi, Marko and Nora. Nice to see you. How do you feel about booming back the 90s? In Berlin, the 90s was all about a grand illusion of freedom, especially in East Berlin. The old order had sort of withered away and disappeared or was not legitimate anymore. And the new one had not really settled in. So it was all about this transition in the region from East to West. And if we look at the region, it was probably, even though it was traumatic for many people, one of the mildest transitions, especially if we think about how the breakup of some of the former socialist countries happened in other places. OK. Good morning. Thank you for this opportunity. So yes, you talked about the 90s. I was born in July 1989. So a few months before the fall of the Berlin Wall. And I grew up in the 19s. So for me, it's like a blast from the past. The fall of the Berlin Wall and this integration of the Soviet Union had eluded many people, convinced that a period of peace would come. The 19s were instead the decade of wars, from both one to the most violent and bloody ones in the Balkans between 1991 and the beginning of 2000. In 1991, during the second NATO intervention in Yugoslavia, I was a child. But I remember well the war in Kosovo and the NATO bombings against Serbia, Montenegro. Because of the active participation of the Italian government led by Massimo Dalema, the leader of left Democrats. Maybe you can remember. So I remember the same rhetoric today about the need for military intervention. But the context was a little different. We will talk about this in Italy. But I also believe also in other European countries in these days, it has been heard that the war in Ukraine is the first in Europe after the Second World War. It's not too, of course. But just in these days, the media have recalled the war in Yugoslavia for because of the 30th anniversary of the siege of Sarajevo in Bosnia between 1992 and 1995. Just near the fifth of April in 1992, the siege started. And these days, media, not all media, but some media in Italy remember these events. But in newspaper or in TG show, talk show, you can hear the war in Ukraine is the first after the Second World War. But it's not true. The 90s, but I remember making placards and joining with my parents to peace and anti-NATO demonstrations in Madrid. Also, as you know, I really like basketball. And I remember watching the One's Brothers documentary that tells the story of the Yugoslavian basketball team that it was amazing. And how also this all intertwines with the friendship between the stars, Vlad Divat from Serbia and Drasen Petrovic from Croatia with the historical background of the war and also how divisions came around. Yugoslavia was one of the best world teams. It's sad, in fact, that Petrovic died before they can fix things between them. But this also made me think about how nationalist divisions came to be and also never forget that the documentary was done in the US. I am sure that all of this is connected with what we are going to talk about today with Marco Wright, Francine. Yeah, for sure. Thank you for the movie recommendation. I think we should all check it out. And yes, for sure, we will definitely get into these very, very important topics because I think they're all relevant today again or they have continued to be relevant in many conflicts. Before we start, let's just remind everyone briefly that this show, the Eat NATO for Breakfast show is part of the Peace Summit, No to NATO, international process towards the Madrid NATO Summit in June. The summit itself will be June 29, 30th, the NATO Summit and the Peace Summit will take place on the weekend before so we hope to see you all in Madrid. Please keep an eye on the website, sign the declaration, go to the art tab and share the poster and comic call and for sure share all the other Eat NATO for Breakfast episodes with your friends and comrades. Links to that will all be in the chat and let's get started. Marco, you've already made, I think, sufficient jokes about all being too young and not really a member and et cetera, et cetera. Let's assume or let's hope for a moment that there's at least some young people watching the show today. So can you give us like a short rundown of actually what unfolded in the events in the Republic of Yugoslavia in the early 90s? Because again, even if we see in the media now a commemoration of the siege of Sarajevo that may be very out of context for people. So please give us a bit of a, you know, like what was Yugoslavia, what was happening in the early 90s, how did we get here in sort of a, before we dig deeper into the analysis, sort of a factual rundown of one to three this and this and this took place. Thank you. Yes, to understand what happened in those years in Yugoslavia, we need to put the words in the right context. Since 1948, after the Second World War, from the split between Tito and Stalin and the exclusion of Yugoslavia from coming for the relation between Yugoslavia and Soviet Union have often been conflicting. But this did not mean an alliance with the West. Given good relation, Yugoslavia had good relation with some countries of the Western bloc, but this not mean a real alliance. Tito and after the Second World War, Tito and the Yugoslav Communist Party managed to maintain stability, a certain stability among the various components of the socialist federal Republic of Yugoslavia. So the federation was made up of six republics, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia, and two autonomous regions in Serbia, Kosovo in the South and Vojvodina in the North. Even from an economic point of view, the international relation, point of view, the country, Yugoslavia enjoyed a good economic well-being and enjoy sound credibility at the international level, playing the role of buffer state between the two blocs. Thanks to Tito, of course, together with the Egyptian President Nasser and the Indian President Nehru, the non-alien movement was created in 1961, and Tito was the first secretary, and the first time it was in Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia. So Yugoslavia was an important player during the Cold War. After the death of Tito or after Tito's death in May 1980, things changed considerably. Ethnic nationalist tensions became more and more evident and the economic crisis of the second half of the 70s that put the country in serious difficulty. So the Hades were there for a period of the national claims of the Republic, and especially the richer ones, the richer ones Slovenia and Croatia that demanded the evergreen economic autonomy. The victory of the first openly post-communist parties in the election of 1991 was the preview to the clash. This was followed by the declaration of independence of Slovenia and Croatia, which was supported above all by Germany and Vatican. Vatican because Croatia is the Catholic country in the Balkan and Vatican has a good relation with the government, with the first government after the independence. Serbia led by Milosevic intent on avoiding the dismemberment of the federation that corresponded with war. First in Croatia and then in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In that period, so two opposite phenomena were displaying in Europe. On the one hand, there is integration of a multi-ethnic state, the socialist state like Yugoslavia. On the other hand, the birth of an international but neoliberal organization was the European Union that was born thanks to the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. When the war started in Yugoslavia, European Union was born. In November 1991, before the Maastricht Treaty, the European foreign minister decided to impose an oil embargo on Yugoslavia and the suspension of commercial relation and above all the possibility to recognize the independence of rebel republics. So this is a first lesson that we can learn today. By looking at those events, the sanctions, the energy embargo, the disruption trade that now several countries propose today against Putin and Russia don't facilitate the achievement of peace. But on the contrary, further fuel tensions between the war in parties. This is, I think this is an important lesson. So at the early stage of the war in 1992, the USA President Bill Clinton was very skeptical of direct USA and NATO intervention. But the situation changed radically after the 5th of February in 1994, when Serbian troops were accused of having bombed the Marcal market in Sarajevo. Casing the 68th death. So the city Sarajevo, as we said before, had already been under siege for two years and would have been until 1996, a terrible siege that caused over 11,000 deaths and which remains today the longest in modern history. So faced with this massacre, NATO decided to launch an ultimatum to Belgrade imposing a no-flight zone on Bosnia and Zagovina. The criminal action carried out in Srebrenica in July 1994, where Bosnian Serbs troops killed over 8,000 Muslims with the passive complicit of the Dutch United Nations forces, prompted President Clinton to intervene directly in the conflict with the NATO-led operation, the Liberat Force. This was an important moment in the conflict. What happened in Bucza, for example, in Ukraine in these days is something similar. So the Western media and especially NATO will use these tragedies of war. It's not good, of course, but it's the normality of war. NATO and Western media use just by these, the daily intervention to the public opinion, presenting as a humanitarian intervention, no? But we know very well that NATO interventions have never had anything humanitarian. On that occasion, however, the participation of NATO prompted Milosevic to participate in the peace negotiation in Dayton, in the United States, which ended with the signing of an peace agreement between Serbs, Croats, and Bosnia, and which designed the current Bosnian institutional system. But if the first NATO intervention in the Balkans in 1994 had also been formally supported by a united nation to hand a war that had been going on for four years, much more problematic was the second military intervention of the Atlantic aliens, which took place in 1999 during the war in Kosovo, the second part of the Yugoslav wars. With the motivation to save the Kosovo population from ethnic leasing perpetrated by Serbia, which opposed Kosovo demands for independence, NATO launched without any formal authorization from the United Nations Security Council for the first time, a new military operation against Serbia, the so-called Operation Allied Force. In just two months from March to June, the Serbian industrial and infrastructure system were practically destroyed. The targets of military operation by NATO were, in fact, not only military targets, but also civil targets, like, for example, the chemical industries in Pangevo, as suburbs of Belgrade, the automotive industries like Zastava, power plants, or the main connecting arteries, such roads and bridges. In Belgrade, a lot of bridges were destroyed by NATO. And there were, of course, numerous mistakes committed by NATO in this operation, which resulted in hundreds of civil and deaths between 1,000 and 5,000 people. Like, for example, the Nato bombing of the Kosovo village of Coriza, which caused six civil and death. So, to explain the Yugoslav war is very complicated because there are a lot of things, ethnic problems, religions, problems, geopolitical problems, of course. So, I give now just a context, no? But maybe then we can talk about some questions. Marco, you made a very good general overview. I think you touched some of the key issues that, I don't know, we should all be aware that when we are talking today, we have also to figure out the connections. And as you were saying, try to learn what's going on using this memory to locate ourselves today. You were talking about sanctions, about no-fly zones, about somehow the president of the U.S. saying stuff, NATO talking about humanitarian interventions, media strategy. So, it sounds very, very important to look this very carefully. I want to ask you on another sense because also Yugoslavia was also a place of reference of the non-aligned movement in the moment where we are like in the end of the Cold War and everything is, it looks for a long time divided in two. Suddenly, also a country like Yugoslavia is important showing out, fighting against this Cold War mentality, right? In fact, the first and last summit of the non-aligned movement was in Belgrade. So, is something connected with this? Was this position of a non-aligned country important to attack Yugoslavia? Because, in fact, ethnic and religious conflicts were at the heart of the problem. At least the media showed that it was at the center and we learned also through the media how different all Yugoslavian people were. But we can also think regarding Ukraine about a nationalist rhetoric that eroded also this common Yugoslav identity and fueled fear and mistrust among different ethnic groups. So, in your opinion, how this happened and are there any lessons on what solutions or how to resolve these ethnic religious situations to figure out peace? Because I don't know, this experience, in fact, built the common term that we use in a lot of, you know, your political understandings of vulcanization of a country, right? When we talk about Sudan and South Sudan, we talk about, we make this reference or, I don't know, the issue in Rwanda as well, you know, these divisions. So, set up this Vulcan war, a very important moment in history regarding how to solve these kind of issues as well. What do you think? Yes, as always, the war and so also the Yugoslav war has not solved any problems, but radar has created new ones as have been sent by the continuous clashes, fortunately only rhetorical at the moment in Bosnia and Zagovina. One of the most important challenge today, for example, for all the Balkan countries, concerned the young people and immigration, no? Since 1991, for example, Bosnia and Zagovina has lost about 500,000 people out of total population of four million, so almost 20% of population. A similar phenomenon will concern Croatia and Serbia and other countries in the Balkan. So, how was this possible, the disintegration of Yugoslavia? Because Yugoslavia, I said, was a multi-acting state, a peaceful state with good weight in the international relation. So, how was this possible? The Hades, after the Tito's deaths, three elements merged with each other, creating a bomb ready to explode. The economic crisis identity issues, such as religion or past relations between the peoples of federation, so the so-called ethnic issues, and the definitive generational change of state management in Yugoslavia. So, in that period, the country opened up more and more quickly to market economy and also making agreements with the international monetary fund. So, the economic hardship were exploited by national, post-communist, and nationalist elites, which through the hostile narrative towards the neighboring peoples, towards other countries, towards the old comrades. In, for example, in 1991 in Yugoslavia, the 17% of marriages were mixed marriages between Serbs, Croats, and Bosnians. So, and 5% of populations he claimed to be of Yugoslav nationality. So, how was it possible to destroy these? The fourth lies, as always, with the nationalists ruling classes. The crisis of Yugoslav socialism in the 18th opened the doors to economic reforms. And this allowed the national executives to create close alliance with private investors and thus creating a clientelist system. Nothing very different from what's happening in Russia with oligarchy or in our democracy, of course, but in other forms. The economic interests were accompanied by political claims that tended to impose the domination of once-owned people over others. And so, we had the Serbian elite were interested in creating greater Serbia, where, including all the territories where Serbian citizens were present. In Croatia, Franjo Tujman, the first president of the independent nation and a declared fascist, wanted to retrace the path of the Croatian independent state, a collaboration state born during the Second World War and led by the fascist Ustasa movement. So, when phenomena such as the economic crisis, the loss of a certain about the future, at the end of solidarity between peoples, when these phenomena are governed by nationalist force, the clash between nation is certain. There is no solution. And that's what happened in the Balkans in 19th. As definitely with the hands of the Soviet Union, which was supposed to bring peace and prosperity to the countries of Eastern Europe, the peace of Dayton in 1995 was also presented as the beginning of a new era or new peace era. But in reality today, Bosnia Herzegovina is one of the poorest countries in Europe where the heteronationalist parties born in the 19th are still in power. The same thing happens in Kosovo, where there is now a left nationalist party in government. But for example, Albin Kurti, the prime minister, Bennett serves in Kosovo from being able to vote in the Serbian election last week, last Sunday. The situation in Serbia is not so different. So the ethnic clashes, the ethnic issues are linked with the economic situation of the country and with the interest of the elite, the governments. In Yugoslavia, people lived together, Serbs, Croatian, Bosnian, other people, other ethnic groups. For since the Second World War to 19th, Yugoslavia never used force against another country or Tito, for example, with the non-aliened movement to try to find a solution for the Israel-Palestinian conflict. So it's not where, Yugoslavia was not a military country, but people lived together in peace. When the nationalists forced to go on the first election after the economic crisis, this completely changed. Thank you, Marco. Yeah, explaining these conflicts, which then escalate into war is often quite complex. Again, this ethnic strife and the difficulties you've explained or you've shown some examples of where things went well and where things went not so well. But I think sometimes we are, when we are trying to understand these conflicts, we are sometimes not so clear on what is actually sort of hidden behind the official or obvious or also sort of the psychological, this is just how humans work, explanation. And sometimes we forget about the geopolitical interests because they're hard to grasp and it also sounds kind of cruel to think of this in all only these utilitarian terms. But for example, if you look at NATO and Kosovo, like Kosovo, oh, and this is a good moment, this is a good moment, we have a map. We have a map for everyone who was too young to notice. This is what Yugoslavia looked like in the beginning and there you can see how bit by bit things well, disintegrate quite frankly. Yeah, so I think that was very, that's helpful, have a brief map to see how the country dissolves. So Kosovo belonged to Yugoslavia, linearly, politically, and historically, but NATO's role was to promote Kosovo's independence. Let's not forget, Kosovo is a strategic point of the first order since it's territory, from this territory, it's possible to act on the Middle East, the Caucasus, Iran, and now also, for example, on Moscow. And Kosovo actually has, houses now, one of the biggest military bases of the United States, it's called Camp Bonstil, for people who want to look it up. And so some people claim that Kosovo in fact owes its existence as an independent country to the need for the United States to have this military base in this area. And other economic and political interests of the US and in the past, we looked at how NATO and US interests are somewhat aligned and NATO is a tool for US interests. So other economic and political interests of the US in the Balkans, we find evidence of that, for example, in the Washington Post that noted giving, sorry for the phone, given the increasingly fragile situation in the Middle East, we need new bases and airspace and we need the right to protect our own interests. Well, this is shortly before the Iraq war, so thinking about these interests is often made very difficult for us and is not helped by our local media. Instead, very often, we are given a very simple explanation, for example, one very important and a common tool is sort of the personification of politics, where we suddenly find, as we do in Ukraine right now, where we've been told that Putin is the devil, Putin is evil, there's a lot of, I'm in Germany, so there's a lot of talk of Putin being Hitler, Putin being like Hitler, et cetera, et cetera, or like Stalin, like it doesn't matter. Either of the big evil categories of history, Putin is being compared to this.  So we have sort of taken negotiations off the table. The Miloslav War, who mentioned it already, had its own evil actor, Slobodan Milosevic, he was called the butcher of Sarajevo, and he was brought to trial in the Hague. And the five year trial ended without a verdict because he died in his prison cell. Under, I think, unclear circumstances, I'm not gonna go into these details because I don't think that this is important for the process. This is just, I would like to, I would like for you, Marco, to maybe talk a little bit about this parallel, not so much to compare Putin to Slobodan Milosevic, which is not important, but this media process of this personification, of this simplistic explanation and idea that also of course touches us emotionally. Like if this evil person didn't exist, then these conflicts wouldn't exist, et cetera, et cetera. So I would like, it's possible for you to talk a little bit about at least the parallels in media coverage and how this process often plays out. Thanks. Yes, yes. Last week, if I don't make mistake, Biden called Putin the butcher of Ukraine, a butcher, but I remember that Biflinton made the same thing with Milosevic. So, but I think that this is the common element to whole wars, especially one in Yugoslavia and the current one in Ukraine. The media, often in Italy, often linked to the war industry. For example, La Repubblica, one of the main newspaper is linked with the industrial military system. And so the media tend to simplify the discourse of the war and blame only one side. So in 19th was Milosevic and Milosevic, Milosevic before in 19th, Putin now. By raising the force of our governments, their incapacities, their wrong choices. So the devil for media in the Western countries, the devil is always the other. The crimes of our side are hidden. We don't talk about these. For example, the newspaper don't talk about the crimes committed by Croatian or Bosnian troops. Not because we have to do a parallel between Serbian troops and Croatian troops, but this is necessary to understand the situation, the context, the war also. So in media, I remember that, for example, in the first part of the war in Yugoslavia, media in Italy covered the war thanks to journalists that went in Yugoslavia, but at that time, social media didn't exist. So now the role of the media is completely changed the respect 30 years ago. But for example, I remember that the second in the intervention of NATO in 1999 was criticized by the media in Italy. Okay, non-official media, but other media criticized this intervention because it was presented as humanitarian, but it says nothing humanitarian, provoked from 1,000 to 5,000 civilian deaths. And a strong movement was born in that period against the war. So the media was forced to talk about the movement against the war and to present the war in another perspective. Today is a little bit different because of social media. So now there are a lot of journalists in Ukraine that made the live Facebook or talk about the war from Ukraine. And sometimes now there is a more spectral characterization of the war. Now we can watch on TV in every moment in Italy every day in the morning, in the afternoon, in the night. We can watch the destruction, the death, the butchery, genocides, I don't know if it will be a genocide. So the role of the media is completely different. And now it's good that it's a good thing, of course, that now there are so live Facebook or live information, but we need to pay attention because sometimes these information are used to create a new narrative. Not always, it's not always the real narrative about the war. So it's very complicated. I don't know if there is a solution or of course every news have to be checked. But today is more complicated to understand the truth, to discover the truth. Because Putin said that in Buzha the disaster of Buzha was made by Ukrainian forces and Ukrainian forces say that it was made by Putin. The only certainty is that people die during the war. So the goal of the media is to cover this war but showing the reality if they can. They can. Yeah, I think you're right. Also like this polarization of information is not only that. Now we have a censorship that makes very difficult to understand what's going on, as well as in fact the role of journalism in war times is totally different. Like we don't have people on the ground that we can also talk. So it's everything very confusing. But since we are also past 35 minutes of the show, we just want to talk about, to reflect on two issues that we can also reflect connecting with Ukraine. On the one hand, the NATO expansion. If you check out the history, the discussions of expanding NATO at the time were really interesting. In the discussions in the US Senate, in fact, the Clinton administration states that NATO, that is a military alliance, was the preferred means for extending democracy of the US in Central Europe. In a way, in a moment, as you were saying, of the building of the European Union project, it was very clear that it was no interest of saying, let's the European deal with European problems, in the 90s. But also what they were understanding is that NATO was already a key part of their strategy to build in their own terms and undivided democratic, peaceful Europe for the first time in history. So those words, I think are the same ones that they are using now, talking about defending democratic values, et cetera, right? So in 1999, did something begin? Because on one hand, we have the first time, as you were saying, that the NATO acts without the support of the UN. That's something that maybe we are seeing in more moments of history. And on the other hand, it was also the moment of the expansion. In fact, in the midst of the war, in the Balkans, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined. So it's not also a part of this role of NATO expanding East and also the UN being less and less important in the international arena? Yes. So NATO was founded after the Second World War and the hand of the Cold War with the destruction of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact in 1991, should have eliminated the reason for the existence of NATO. But in the last few years, the Holland Alliance has not disappeared, but has even expanded, passing from 14 members in 99 to the current 30. The large amount was supported by an increasingly aggressive military policy inaugurated in Bosnia with the deliberate force operation in 1995 against Bosnian Serb troops. A few years later, in March 1999, the Alliance expanded its border with the accession of three former communist countries, Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary. But obviously, all of these was not a coincidence. With the accession of the former communist countries, the NATO wanted to launch a message, message concerning the impossibility for Russia to return to accept its influence in these countries. And for the message was clear, join us towards the ex-communist countries, join us and we will protect you from Russia. But this is, let us remember that Moscow was and still is an important ally of Serbia, for example. So while on the one hand, NATO included Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary in its fair of influence, on the other hand, it was willing to use force against its enemies who were considered with rational lies. And this is what happened in Serbia, for example, no? I said that the second military intervention in 1999 was made without the endorsement of the United Nations Security Council. From that moment, the authorization were often expressed in an extensive manner, often using the concept of humanitarian war. We can remember the NATO bombing of Libya during 2011, for example, no? NATO's progressive involvement in conflicts on a global level has weakened the United Nations. We see it even today, in the war in Ukraine, for example, the United Nations has particularly not intervened in any way, except with long and inconclusive discussions. So it can be said without the doubt that today the real habitat of conflict is not a political organization like the United Nations, which includes all the countries of the world, not only Western countries. But the real habitat now is a military alliance of more developing countries such as NATO. So I think the consequences are evident to more. Yeah. I think it's very important to talk about consequences. We sadly run out of time, but I think that during the weekend, we can do something useful regarding the NATO for professional review. That is, let's think together in our homes, what did the war solve? And as you were saying before at the beginning, when you were making all this, you know, chronology, are they any better? So I think that should be not only our questions for ourselves, but for our governments and for also international organizations, the European Union, NATO, the UN, because that's something that Yugoslavia experience points out very importantly. But friends, if you want to know more about the Yugoslavia war, because I think there are a lot of reflections we can do from there, subscribe to Meridiano Trecer, where Marco Sirabusa writes and read the newsletter called 30 Years After the Siege of Sarajevo. We are going to paste the link, so follow them, and also continue learning. Sorry, Nora, in the first newsletter, there is an article about NATO and the role of NATO in the Ukrainian war. Amazing, that's for tomorrow, because today in the evening, you should be all together going to the event, Peace in Ukraine, at 6 p.m. CET time. It's going to be an important rally with a lot of friends talking, important things, like V.J. Prasad, like Kate Hudson, like Medea Benhamin, like Noam Chonsky. So you have a lot of things to do about peace this weekend. We hope you will be following all of this. But before saying goodbye, we want to inform you about a very important episode and a very special episode next week, because you are going to see Isabel Van Brabrandt being your host. So, Francesca and myself, we will be watching and having breakfast, but as viewers, as you are now, and we are going to talk with Jasper Tiggs from Viva Salud, that is an organization from Belgium, and we are going to talk about another key issue that all of you were demanding, that is the role of war, the role of NATO, and also the ecological impact of war. So don't miss it, see you next week, and let's think together if the war solves anything. Thank you very much. Thank you, bye.


Well, hello, friends. What a big difference a week makes. So this is a story time if you guys watched my plan with me. You wouldn't know this from last week because I was laid off from my job, not last Friday, but the Friday prior. So what I'm talking about is Friday the second was actually laid off that morning. So my plan with me that I filmed for this week, I actually filmed early that morning on Friday. So I obviously had no idea about that and kind of just went along with my plan with me. I still posted on Monday, but obviously plans definitely changed. So here's a look back at this past week of what's going on. Tonight is Thursday. I have some friends coming on Friday and an appointment to get to and a couple of other things I need to take care of on Friday before the weekend. But I just wanted to get this over with.  But you know what? Moving on to other things. My position apparently was eliminated after almost nine years of being with the company.  But anyway, I am still keeping my job at the menswear place. So I'm going to put that in and actually give me just a second. I forgot to grab my schedule for that. I need to go get that. All right, I am back and I'm going to put in my stuff for the weekend. Oh, before I do that, I always forget to do this like undo stuff. There's always a link below for this undo stuff. It just takes the sticker off very nicely as well as the washi because I'm not. I don't ever watch TV anymore and I would rather work. So yeah, I'm sure you guys probably have a lot of questions about the layoff. I don't really know why that happened, but whatever. As far as I know, they haven't laid anyone else off in the company. But like I said, it's Thursday. So who knows what's going on?  And oh, let me tell you guys the most crummy thing out of it. So as you know, last week, if you watch my Planet through videos, I was looking for apartments and I signed a lease on a brand new apartment for a year and they want to legally hold me to that lease. So what sucks is that Fargo does not pay as much as the Twin Cities, which is where I'm originally from, so like Minneapolis, St. Paul. And I've been looking for jobs here and they just don't pay as much. So I have no idea what I'm going to do. I'm pretty sure, well, as of making this video, I'm like 99% sure that I am actually going to be going back to the cities and I'm just going to try to find some employment there because honestly, like I said, Fargo doesn't pay anything compared to what I got.  I don't know, it just seems really silly to do that. So anyway, I am going to, let me count here, two, one, two, oops, one, two. It takes me about four hours to get to Minneapolis from here. So anyway, I'm just going as a please here. But anyhow, so I am going to be going back to Minnesota. I'm going to stay at my parents place for a little while. Like I don't want to stay there too much, but you know, it's just temporary. And I'm just going to look for jobs from there.  And unfortunately, I'm going to be held liable for all of that 12 months of rent that I won't be here for. I've looked at the legalities of it.  If any of you are lawyers and want to see my contract, I am more than willing to send it to you. I don't know how to get out of this thing.   It sucks that they had to do that. I mean, I know we had been slower at work and everything, but yeah, there was really nobody in the company except for the people making the decisions really knew about that.    So I, I don't know. But whatever, that's where the cookie crumbles. I'm moving on. So are they obviously. So yeah, I guess that's the way life is sometimes. It just kind of stinks. But I have a very trying to have a very positive attitude about it. And, you know, I've reached out to lots of friends on Facebook and other social media. And honestly, it seems like there's a lot of really good opportunities for me in the Minneapolis, St. Paul area. And that's kind of where, you know, I want to be in a more densely populated area. Anyways, I mean, you guys know this, we've, we've kind of talked about it before. So yeah, I think that is just where I'm going to land for now and we'll work it out. So yeah, let's see here. So I am working a 10 to five on this day.  It is no joke, y'all. Yeah, it's intense. So I don't wish this upon anybody.  But I am still able to work at my part-time job in the hours that they have offered me, which is great. They only have part-time available, which is just fine. I've already gotten that like approved and stuff through my claim, essentially. But yeah, I don't know.  Like, I don't want to be talking about it, but I feel like I need to address it because, you know, I kind of have to.  You only have one job now? Well, I guess I have two if you consider YouTube a job. But, you know, YouTube ain't paying the bills. Y'all just got to say that, but it ain't paying the bills. So yeah. Okay. And then I have my chiropractic appointment at 7.45 on Monday. So let's get that started. I think I'm going to use some of these guys. Let's see. I don't know. I'm kind of like trying to match this. I don't really know why, but I kind of think that these are cute. Why not? All right. So I am going to be going back and forth to Cambridge quite a bit.  My actual move date I think is going to be on the 26th, I think. I don't really know yet. I think it's going to be the 26th. I haven't really figured that out yet. I'm figuring that we can do this. I just don't know. I have a storage unit so I can store some of my things. I'm not keeping everything. I actually, that's part of my like to-dos on here. I'm actually going to use my to-do list, you guys. It's going to be amazing. I'm just going to say so post pics on Craigslist. All right. I'm also going to do another post pics on Instagram. If you guys follow me on Instagram, you would have seen my post about losing my job. I am going to be getting rid of some planning things. These are not things that are like bad or anything. These are just things I have a lot of access of. So there's going to be some Christian designs. There's going to be possibly some Aaron Condren products. There's just going to be like a random assortment of things. And I'm normally a huge like fan of giveaways. But being in this specific financial situation that I am in, I am going to sell them. And then I'll be accepting PayPal. So I'll probably be doing some of the posting actually this weekend. But I might be doing some of it during this week as well. I just want to make sure that I have like access to Instagram and to my PayPal account.  So I'm going to try to get most of that stuff uploaded this weekend. But if not, I'll probably be doing some sprinkles throughout the week. So what I'm going to do is I think I'm going to go home on Friday. Let me see because I want to have a few days in between that I can come back for. Oh gosh, this whole like driving back and forth is like kind of stressful. But you know, what do you do? Um, actually I think I might come back Thursday, have all day Friday here. And then Saturday, Sunday I work. Okay, so yeah, I'm going to come back on Thursday, I think. Yeah. Yeah, that'll be good. Okay, so I'll leave in the morning because that's usually easier on my system. I feel like if I just leave in the morning, come back, you know, later or whatever. Oh, geez. Come on. All right. So that's that. Gosh, this road wash. He does not do very well. Okay. So this one is going to say Fargo, but let me try to keep it halfway consistent. And we'll use the correct pen. Come on, Emily, get it together here. So Fargo on this day. And then hopefully while I'm in town, I can follow up and do some interviews or follow up with some people about some possible jobs in the cities. Um, got a lot of good feedback on Facebook about possible leads and stuff like that. So yeah, hopefully that will be good. And then on Friday or actually Sunday I need to post my eligibility for unemployment. So I'm just going to write down online unemployment. We actually just had to like go on to like a server online and then just every Sunday post about the week prior that you like went and you looked for jobs and you know where you went to. And then I don't know if they follow up or they just take it as it is. I don't really know how that works, but you have to like put in all the information and stuff. So I just have to do that online on Sundays. Okay, this got all messed up. I'm going to do another sticker because this is not working online. Online unemployment. Okay, that fit a little bit better. Wow. Okay. And then I will do that in the morning that day. Okay. So online unemployment and I'll put a little don't forget on the top. Okay. Perfect. All right. I think that is good for there. And I do want to put in a birthday since I'm doing kind of like a yellow and peach, you know, peachy pink theme. I'll do a yellow. It's my cousin's birthday on Wednesday. So I will send him a text on Wednesday. These just helped me remember, remember the times. Okay. So I can get rid of that one. And then actually a closet purge. I already did one, but I did not film it because I was so like flabbergasted about everything and just honestly wanted to go through stuff because I was in a serious purgey mood. So yeah, this is a super short plan with me.  Let's see here. And if you guys are wondering, I got this actually both of these Washies. They came in a set together and I got them both from Michaels a while back. Actually took me quite a while to find this Washie. And then I waited until it was on sale because you know, I'm cheap like that. But let's put this at the bottom because I feel like now that I don't have like a normal job. I am not, you know, up here is at my void hours. Sometimes I have to do stuff like super early in the mornings now. So yeah, maybe I'll do it at the bottom. I don't know. Let's switch it up, you guys. You know, it's kind of fun to switch up your stuff once in a while. And then, oh, I haven't shown you guys like, well, I did show you guys last week, but I haven't like explained last week at all. There's been some interesting things last week. Okay. We will go into that in a moment. So that looks cute. Maybe I'll put like my dinners or something down there. I don't know. We'll figure it out. But okay, let's actually get into like last week. Sorry. My lights are kind of going already. Geez. Um, so last week, two dental appointments. It sucked so bad. So this dental appointment, I had seven fillings. Yeah, seven. And that was only on one side of my face. You guys, it has been a long time since I've been at the dentist like probably over a decade, maybe 15 years. I mean, I've been to the dentist, but the cavities haven't been that bad. And then now they're like, okay, well, it's time and my insurance runs out at the end of the month. So I'm like, all right, let's just do this thing. So did my fillings on Wednesday, got that done and that lasted till like 6.30. And then I had one of them. They weren't sure if I was going to need a root canal and a crown, but I did on only one of them. So I came back on Thursday morning at 8am when they opened and got my root canal and my crown done. So I am officially a princess. I have a crown. So yeah, actually, since I'm in here, I'm going to put this little monkey with its hands over its face. Because that's kind of how I felt during the whole procedure. But I will tell you, the root canal and crown was not nearly as painful as the whole left side of my face on Wednesday, which was all the fillings. I don't know why that was. Maybe it's because I felt like it was going to be as bad as that. I don't know. But yeah, this is like what I'm doing today. I submitted some health insurance information. I did an online job hunt. I applied for a bunch of places online. And now I'm doing a plan with me video. So that's what we're doing now. And then hopefully I'll get that edited and uploaded tonight and then have it scheduled for Monday. And then this tomorrow night, I can't even talk. The ludicrous concert is in town. So my friends Amanda and Liv are in town for the weekend. So we are going to have some fun. They are leaving on Sunday and then I am working my second job on Sunday. So they're leaving Sunday morning to go back home. So yeah, I'm sure this will end up getting filled up. I wanted to be free on Saturday. So now I am 100% free, which is kind of nice. So sorry that this plan with me is like super boring, you guys. Follow me on Instagram for more updates and things like that as to where I'm going, what I'm doing. But like I said before, I'm going to be doing a lot of traveling from Minneapolis to Fargo. And lots of crazy things in between. I will be posting very soon, if not already, some of my Instagram planner sales items. So make sure to check that out if you would like. I hope you guys enjoyed this. I know it's kind of a downer video for a Monday if you guys are watching on a Monday. So I do apologize. Things are looking up. I'm excited about the future. And now after I film this video and upload and edit, I will be packing. So yay! Make sure to give this video a thumbs up if you liked it. And subscribe for more videos from me. I'm here every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. If you have any questions, feel free to leave them in the comments below. All the sticker shops that I used, plus sometimes there's sneaky little coupon codes underneath there for you. We'll be in the description box below. So check those out for sure. I hope you guys are having a fantastic day and I will talk to you all in my next video. Bye guys!


I'm Jim Rice, I'm the deputy director of the MIT Center for Transportation Logistics. My line of research is a continuation of what I've been doing for 15 years now. Wow. And that's been an area of risk management and resilience particularly. And the work has allowed such that I really want to try to understand how companies can make that financial decision to make an investment in supply chain resilience. There is not a standard approach that companies have for making investments in resilience. My name is Joseph Coughlin, I'm director and founder of the MIT Agelab here at the Center for Transportation Logistics. So the history of the Agelab was very simple. We were interested in mobility, where people live, and to help them get around. So we're now looking at things such as what is the future of automation? How will the autonomous vehicle change how we live? And where we live? How will automation change the home? The future of home services. Think about the logistics of living at home, having everything delivered not just for convenience, but for care and old age. My name is Chris Kaplis, and I'm the director and founder of the MIT Freight Lab. And we focus our research into four main buckets. Because what we're really trying to do is improve the state of transportation in the design, procurement, management, and assessment for all modes across all regions. In the short tagline, it's all about studying anything that moves. If it moves, then I want to know about it. I want to study it. I'm Eva Ponce. I'm research associate at MIT, the Center for Transportation and Logistics, where I'm leading the research line on omichannel distribution strategies. Based on the project I have conducted here at the center, I identified two main challenges. The first one is that companies need to redesign the distribution strategies. And the second one is I believe that the role of the different actors in the supply chain is changing. Because the customer now is looking for more than just go and grab the product. They are looking for a customer experience. So my name is Mathias Winkenbach. I'm the director of the Megacity Logistics Lab here at MIT CTL. A lab that is mostly concerned about lost mile logistics and all the different challenges related to it. We are working predominantly with companies on addressing the main challenges of how to serve large urban centers more efficiently. And also with how to design innovative distribution models to these large centers of urban demand. Of late I'm leading a new research initiative here at CTL, which is the Visual Analytics Lab. So we started thinking about how can we provide a better way for people to interact with data and with complex quantitative decision support tools. And that's how the whole thought process around the Visual Analytics Lab started. My name is Josue Velasquez. My area of research is sustainable logistics. There is a market shift that is actually moving towards green consumers, green products and a lot of pressure for regulation. So the reality is that now we have a lot of companies that are looking at this sustainability criteria. And many of these, let's say, impacts are actually created because of logistics operations. Well, usually when we study supply chain management, we have a tendency to focus on large firms in developed countries. Which actually represent less than 1% of all the firms in the world. So 99% of the firms are actually small firms, less than 50 employees. And what is happening in the world is that these companies are having tons of problems in terms of productivity and the lack of efficiency in many practices, business practices and also supply chain management practices. I'm Jared Gensel. I'm a researcher at the Center for Transprediction and Logistics. So there's two lines of research in our lab. One focuses on the work we started with and that is emergency response. How do you enable markets to be resilient so that they can respond to human needs in crisis but also provide a backbone for ongoing needs of the population? Some of the assumptions we make in our typical supply chain models and our management approaches assume a well-established and mature marketplace with risks and financial flows that are fairly well regulated and understood. And when you change that in an emerging market, the management principles and the design principles for your supply chain change with that. Our recent work has really focused on planning better ahead of time in advance of a disaster. So we've developed an analytical tool to assess the capacity to meet human needs following a disaster. So we leveraged some insights on how the commercial sector actually can set up its inventory strategy to meet consumer needs and looked at, well, for specific commodities, how can we assess the placement of strategic stockpiles in advance of a disaster in various locations?


Tehrimans is under siege. It began with a pamphlet containing unspeakable secrets, passed from Tehran to Tehran in a small building. The experiments conducted that night would have been considered impossible eons ago, even more so considering its conclusions. Retries of various kinds were performed again and again in an attempt to disprove the results, to no avail. The knowledge they gained, unknown to the world at the time, cursed all who learned about it. Most and medical men were baffled at the perplexing and horrific results they were shown. Scuffles of infighting and theories plagued the scientific community for days on end. Chaos, a new beginning to some, unraveled all science that was held as unfaltering fact for so long. Not much time was left to contemplate the meaning of this before the preliminary siege had begun. As the news disseminated to a wider audience, events with terrifying implications occurred. The Spire of Yeion, a magnificent testimony to world unity, ceased to exist in a brief flash. My eldest son was there as a maddening scream echoed from the tower, then the structure disappeared entirely. All weather of any kind ceased, causing worldwide water and crop shortages. Countries began to reform amidst the conflict, and tensions began to rise in competition over resources. My husband was forced by lottery into the newly founded militia of the better terrorist Mon's Union. I received barely enough electro tokens from the quasi-government to support my family. I was crippled and couldn't work, relying entirely on my spouse to bring in income. I was indebted to him for helping me so much, but could do nothing as he was taken away. I remember staring out the window towards the purple waves, wondering how the world went mad so rapidly.  More strange things occurred. At first it was only big things. The planet Terra's Mon's orbited would change color. A number of lightning bolts repeatedly struck the same spot. Nobody could remember visiting specific areas. But as time went on, I too began to experience them. Clouds disappeared at random. Books had their words shuffle randomly, and clumps of sand at the beach outside my home would fling themselves at me sporadically. It was the 22nd night of Presk view when we finally crossed the threshold of damnation.  The quiet suppressed all noise, no matter how loud one's voice was. Hours passed, but nothing happened, and the world seemed to slow down briefly. I went outside to relieve myself of stress, only to discover that the sky was completely empty. The siege began. The screaming of millions ruptured the shield instantaneously, a piercing wail that could be heard for light years. A wave of something slammed me backwards, forcing me to retreat inside, unrelenting in its persistence, with screeches from every direction invading my senses. I couldn't handle leaving my house. I laid in my bed and cried as my sons and daughters sobbed, begging to something that I did not have the strength to get up and see. I do not know what happened in the following hours, but when I awoke, only my youngest daughter, LDA, had remained of my children. What happened to the others? I don't know. She lay huddled next to me, tears leaking from her eye, and her choked cries mingling with the screaming. The painful wails in my head had moved me on the walls of the home, yet I understood that at any moment it could breach the vestibule and enter. I shuddered. My daughter began to speak to me, but I quieted her down, afraid to answer whatever she would ask. I listened intently, and heard pleading as well as cries in languages I did not understand. They were close. I thought of my family, wondering where they are and what happened to them. I prayed not to know. Mommy, LDA had abruptly said to me, are we going to be okay? Yes, I lied. We will. She didn't believe me, of course, and buried herself within my embrace. A sporadic sob joined hers, and it was only then that I realized that it was my own. Faced with an impossible threat, by both definitions, I had resigned myself in all I knew to death. My ears filled with a faint static, no doubt from the dimming of the energyless lights. It has been four days since then. I am writing this by candlelight for no reason other than peace of mind. The screaming has not stopped, and I doubt it ever will. My rations have run down, and there are no substances left to sustain me. A gaping wound of reality in the shape of my daughter beckons towards me from the unlit corner of my room, smiling a smile which does not exist, and that I can only assume is my fractured mind creating order of chaos. In just a few moments, I will join her. Our limited minds were not made to deal with the horrors of unreality. From the first day we discovered forbidden knowledge, they had begun to seep into the cracks of our consciousnesses. We stopped to gape and mock all that was, congratulating ourselves on conquering a mountain, though we merely stood on the edge of a slope. Our predecessors pushed us forward, and the ancestors of an unknown kind dragged us back into the abyss. Much can be learned from this encounter with a kind from beyond the veil of reality, if only there was anyone left to analyze it. Unbidden, we tread into the territory of the unknown, and unbidden, these non-creatures arose to defend it. Perhaps they were like us, alien to a universe of cosmic horror, though no one had stopped them. I don't know, nor do I want to. Once I have gone, they will return to their somber, and madness shall end until the cycle repeats. Henceforth I, weepoy, mother of none, shall scream until the ends of time.


Welcome. In this video, I want to go over how to exit a profitable short strangle. So the symbol that we're looking at is Apple. And yesterday, right before the close, around 230, we put on a short strangle in Apple. And the basis of the trade, it was an earnings trade. Apple announced earnings after the close yesterday. And the basis of an earnings trade with a strangle is we're almost always going to get a contraction, or what we call a volatility crush. Right before earnings, as you can see, volatility has pumped up. And then as soon as the earnings announcement is made, volatility gets crushed. And so when we sell premium, when we sell strangles, that's exactly what we're looking for. We're looking for the price to stay in a relatively narrow range or within the expected move. And if we can get that volatility crush with price staying within range, then we're going to be able to take that trade off for profit. So let's go to the analyze tab and take a look. So here's the strangle that we put on. Apple closed yesterday, right around, I think it was between 118, 119, and had a little bit of a move down. As you can see, Apple's down a little over 2% today. But as long as it stayed above 108.44 and below 126.57, so as long as it stayed between these hash marks, we were going to be able to take a profit on the trade. And with strangles, we always want to take those off with about a 50% of max profit. So our max profit on this trade, if you look at the teal number in the box when I'm hovering here, max profit is about $312. We're at a profit of over 165. So we can go ahead and take that trade off for a profit and overnight profit that we, so we're taking it off in less than a day. And so let's go ahead and do that. So we just right click, shift click, right click, create closing order, buy strangle, and we're going to try to buy it at the mid-price at 74 cents to confirm and send. And we didn't get filled right away. So let's go to the trade tab, right click, cancel, replace. And for the purposes of this video, we'll just kick it up one more penny. We should get paid, we should get exited at 74 cents. And typically I would just leave this order in and wait for it to get filled. But for the video, I'm going to go ahead and kick it up to 75 cents, confirm and send. And we got filled at 75 cents. So if we go back to the analyze tab, now the trade is gone. And you can see the position is zeroed out. Our graph is gone. So we're out of the trade for a nice profit in less than 24 hours. If you'd like to learn more about the different strategies that we use to make consistent returns, come see us at navigationtrading.com. We've got a ton of free resources, including the navigation watch list, which is a list of the most profitable symbols to trade for each type of strategy. We've got the volatility indicator, which you've seen on my charts. You can download this directly to your thinkorswim trading platform. And we've got a free options course called trading options for income, which is a step-by-step guide to get you making consistent trades right away. We look forward to seeing you there.


Everybody forced here ripping 2022 origins football hobby eight bucks half case number 30 picker team style Andrew S. Jags Armando Chargers Brian M. Saints Chris F. Bears Cardinals and Ravens Chris G with the Jets Daniel H. Bengals Daniel D. Bills Derwood has the cults and the box Felix N. Has the Broncos and Titans Garrett G. Vikings Jake S. Raiders James B. Packers and Falcons Jeremy L. Texans Jonathan Q. Cowboys and Patriots Jordan S. Washington Kenny H. Lions Matthias Browns Michael V. Niners Moe M achieves Nick D. Dolphins Roger P. Rams and Giants Russell P. Seahawks Victor with the Eagles William Q. Panthers Steelers. Good luck everybody. Here we go last break of the daytime Yeah, everybody had the same idea Paul I guess That always happened like the last few spots of like any shifts, right like any breaking schedule God Deontay Johnson to 99 Steelers and to 199 Tannehill Titans I don't certified already broke Matt Corral rookie Jersey 196 to 199 Panthers It already did certified had to do that one first because it filled Brian Robinson jr. Rookie Auto commanders Had to just do a quick on-the-fly or rescheduling essentially Pure strong jr. Rookie Jimbo Jersey Auto Patriots making guys because of time constraints. I'm not gonna recap this break It's gonna be a quick one But I want to make sure Sam has enough, you know as much time as possible to set up for tonight Speaking of that guys check out the homepage of the site all your breaks for tonight should be up there Bowman chrome light released today But a bunch of Bowman chrome light breaks Yeah, guys good stuff for tonight. Make sure you check it out pulling commits a yellow card Just like now you're done Kenneth Walker the third rookie Seahawks you've got Javante to 50 for the Broncos So what have any other game flip it over real quick or they're probably just switch switch do it 199 Daniel Jones Giants Kenneth Walker the third rookie Jimbo Jersey Seahawks to 199 Kyle Hamilton rookie on card auto Ravens a few more minutes Tense times Actually got to get a goal Rookie Jimbo Jersey Auto Patriots Taekwun Thornton Well, I didn't get to do it. It's a turnover right there. I think I mean, so everybody needs to Oh, if you were to turn quicker I love this dude. This is so this is so tense Oh goal You think another one that they would advance I think overpolling I don't know. This is getting crazy though. So Mexico for sure is out then Unless they get another goal another two goals. This is outrageous right now. This is so much fun Sorry guys. I'm really distracted a rookie variation Kenneth Walker the third Seahawks Stafford to 75 Rams DeAndre Swift to 199 Lions Brian Dawkins Jersey to 99 Eagles Damian Pierce rookie auto Texans Yeah, Mexico looks they've looked at them pushing so hard all game And a David Bell rookie Jimbo Jersey auto Browns Yeah, that pretty much decides it right there Crazy. Oh thicky. We got a book book coming God Damian Harris a 299 Patriots D hop to 199 Cardinals Justin Fields patch guard bears 15 of 99 Trey McBride rookie Jersey Cardinals to 199 extra hit to extra relic The book is a cookbook 10 of 49 bills Rookie patch auto Nice card bills big four color patch James cookbook Calvin Austin the third rookie jumbo patch auto Steelers 10 of 25 To Saudi Arabia. I bet it matters at this point It's actually gonna go here. I think I did still but they'd still be out of it Yeah Hey Chris. Thanks for joining man Rookie Garrett Wilson the Jets Jets Elijah more to 199 and Steelers Trubisky to 299 Clyde Everett's a lair patch card 16 of 49 chiefs George Pickens rookie on card auto 25 of 25 That is not a normal auto pen. What is that? It's like a it's like a fluorescent blue like Sharpie. That's really nice though.  Um, uh, what? Germany. Yeah, Germany. I think none of us think is gonna happen. So Rookie Kyle Hamilton Ravens Dallas got it to 199 Eagles Darren Waller Raiders to 299 Kenneth Walker the third Seahawks rookie patch 24 of 25 Desmond Ritter rookie auto Cardinals 11 of 99 Nice to Ritter there and easy E rookie jersey auto dolphins. Erickie Zucanma And there's Levin Dowse. He celebrated. That's awesome though.  It's not a regular blue auto marker. It's like a shiny. Yeah First shot white rookie bucks Panthers mccaffrey to 299 Titans tannahill with 75 Colts alec pierce rookie patch 58 of 199 Jets breeze haul a rookie auto 24 49 nice one jets there you go chris again And another easy E for the dolphins this time is 14 of 49 rookie jumbo patch auto Eric easy conma Last box of the daytime Then guys here's the here's the site link grab your spots for tonight sam's got bowman chrome light just released today Appreciate everybody matt's still live on the baseball channel. I think he might be still I think all his breaks are filled up actually So unless he's doing personal as he might be done. Tyler. I'll cheer Brady to 50 50 of 50 ton Brady bucks Browns nick chubb to 199 Giants rookie or not rookie jumbo, but rookie patch wandale robinson 24 of 199 Normal size patch not Damian pierce rookie on-card auto for the texans And the last card of the daytime jaylin tulbert rookie jumbo jersey auto for the cowboys And that will do it. Thanks again everybody again just due to time constraints not going to recap It's a pretty short break though get that uploaded Thanks everybody


總統先生和夫人、御史們、先生們三個多月一前總統先生和夫人以及美國政府和美國人民曾經弄種熱情地接待國王和我的同時現在總統先生和夫人來我國僅姓國師範文是我們有機會可以邏輯李珠之一首先請允許我代表中國政府和中國人民並以我個人的命義向李珍總統和夫人以及其他美國貴賓表示熱烈的歡迎三年多以來李珍總統總使和關心中美關係的發展又與雙方的共同努力中美關係的漢川不知一遲饒不了眼角即許想欠性景我和總統先生1981年相識於康坤現在是第三次會面今天我們在貪甩又耗地期份中僅姓了鄉人還存在著一些困難或障礙我指的是台灣問題中央地勢兩國政府只1972年以來已達成了三項鏈殼公保對如何敲出這些障礙已經有障可順我們歡迎美國政府領導人多此稱多各收賞儲可以許多情經是四分乾淨的至今又利比在母中國人民對美國人民也懷有同樣的邀請我原解釋集會代表中國人民向打樣備案的美國人民只以熱熱的問候現在我提議為中美關係的發展和兩國人民的優異為世界獲聘為利根總統和福建的獎康為川地貴賓的獎康乾杯當旅行者到達這是只要回家已經知道一件事我的旅程是為了新朋友但我發現尤其是 after meeting特朗普和總統是誰我仍然是朋友這次的旅程已經是一天的活動並且並沒有最少最新的一件事是我們在美國的聯邦旅程和美國的旅程你的旅程讓你自然對美國人民的意見讓你感受到我希望你會有好處就像我今天從你的旅程中我希望你會有好處讓我們國家和我們的國家合作合作和合作美國和中國政府對此的希望和一堆平衡的訪問將為我們關係的重要主要主義方式整合整合的訪問在1972年3月1日共同聯合 將於1979年共同聯合 將於1982年共同聯合 將於1979年共同聯合 將於1979年共同聯合 將於1979年共同聯合 將於1979年共同聯合 將於1979年共同聯合將於1979年共同聯合 將於19ALDOM共同聯合 將於19SPD pod erect有 both dignity and fairnessanother source from which to drawis our knowledge of each otherwell of familiarity which increases in depthwith every passing daywe're each working hardto learn more about the delicate and detailedworkings of the other systemours with its complex legal proceduresbased on the separation of powersand yours with its own intricate patternsinsights into why and how decisions are madecan help both of us appreciate our agreementsand accept in good faithour disagreementsfrom what we seePremier Xiao my countrymen are enthusedby what is happening in Chinayour modernization programan ambitious undertakingmakes our future relationshipeven more promisingyou are striving to quadrupleyour production by the year 2000the eyes of the world are watchingas you progress on this peacefuland productive coursethe American people wish you successand offer you our cooperationin this great endeavorAmericans more than othersadmire those who set great goalsand strive to improve their lotwhen that first American merchant shipset sail for China200 years agoour forefathers were citizensof a weak republicliving in an unexploredand undeveloped landwe Americans are proudof our accomplishmentsin these last 200 yearsjust as you are rightfullyproudof the enormous contributionsChinese civilization has madeto mankindas China moves forwardto modernize and develop itsthe United States is eager to joinin a cooperative effortto share the American capabilitiesthat help turn our countryfrom a vast wildernessinto an industrial giantthose American capabilities flowfrom the creative enterpriseour society encouragesour progress is based onwhat we have found to workif it did not workthe American peoplewho are pragmatic by naturewould likely have abandoned itlong agoChina today I understandis taking its ownpractical approachby increasing incentivesand decentralizing decision makingyou are promotinginnovation,creativityand a better abilityto adapt to local conditionsthe responsibility systemin agriculture has spurredincreases in food productionthroughout Chinaand the special economic zonesare providing dramatic examplesof how incentivescan raise productivityand offer bountiful opportunitiesfor a better lifein your drive for modernizationyou have our best wishesif you ask our advicewe can only answer with truthas we see itbut let me assure youwe want you to succeedhaving one billion peoplenearly a quarter of mankindhealthywell fed,clothedand housed,educatedand given the opportunityfor a higher standard of livingis in the interest of goodand decent people everywhereit is certainly in the interestof the American peoplewho wish to trade and be friendswith the Chinese peoplePremier Xiao iswe are all well awareand simply the desireto improve our economiestoday the peace of the worldis threatened by a major powerthat is focusing its resourcesand energiesnot on economic progressbut instead on military powerthe shift in military mightof the last decadehas made trust and friendshipbetween us even more vitalI know it is your desireand that of the united statesas wellthat peace be preservedwe seek to better the qualityof life of our peopleand that can be done onlyin a peaceful environmentwar is the great destroyerof all the hopes of mankindto preserve the peaceand protect our own sovereigntyand independencewe stand togetherin opposing expansionismand hegemitywe stand together in supportof the independence of Afghanistanand Kampucheaboth of us seek to promote peaceand reconciliation through dialoguebetween south and northon the Korean peninsulaboth of us seek the early independenceof Namibiaand an end to outside interferencein the affairs of southern Africaalthough our prescriptionsfor getting there are quite differentwe share a common desirein the Middle East and Central Americaboth of usseek an end to the useof chemical weaponsand agree on the necessityof reducing nuclear armsa strong Chinadedicated to peaceclearly is in the best interestof international stabilityand in the best interestof the united statesa robust and enduring friendshipwill bolster the securityand compromising the independenceof eitherit will be the thrust between usthat will keep us and the world at peacein thislet us be of the same mindand as a sayingfrom the book of changes goesif two people are of the same mindtheir sharpnesscan cut through metalit is the hope and prayerof the American people that somedaythere will no longer be a needfor our nation touse any of its resourcesto produce weapons of any kindthe Chinese and American peopleare now showing the worldby our examplethat there is a better waythan hatred and violencemany of us in this roomhave seen much history in our lifetimemy own lifetimespans one third of the historyof the American republicover the many years that Godis permitted me to livei have observed thechanging nature of the relationshipbetween our two countriesat times our feelings toward each otherwere hostile and negativetoday we have the opportunityto keep our countries on a pathof genuine goodwillthat will reap rewardsfor generations to comelet us not shy from the taskit will not be easyyet let us move forwardso that somedaywhen the young people of our countriesreach a ripe old agethey will look backand there will be no memoryof a time when there was anything elsebut friendshipand good feelings between the Chineseand American peoplethat is a giftwe can give to themin our shared spirit of friendshippeace and cooperationI am delighted to notethat both President Liand General Secretary Huhave accepted our invitationto visit the United Stateswe look forward to reciprocatingthe warm hospitality that we've beenshownin your beautiful countryand in this same spiritpermit me, premier Zhao to propose a toastto your health, Mr. Premierto the health of President and Mrs. Liwho so graciously acted as our hostyesterdayto the health of Chairman DungGeneral Secretary Huthe other distinguished Chinese citizensit is my privilege to meet this weekand to the friendshipand cooperationbetween our two countries