How's it going, everybody? Dato Doi here, and you might notice that we're not actually in the middle of a Dragon Ball Fighter's ranked game right now. Instead, we're waiting around in the lobby, and that's because I actually don't know who we're going to play yet. That's right, for this video, we're going to go ahead and go to a random name picker. I entered every character in the game, hopefully all of them, hopefully I didn't miss any. And now we're just going to pick our teammates from here. So, let's roll the dice. Best case scenario, Krillin, Super Saiyan Goku, Yamcha. Worst case, Frieza, 17, and Beerus. Alright, pick that random name. Let's go! Yes! Alright, so Krillin is our lead character. We're doing this in order, by the way. So Krillin up top. 18. Oh, a little bit of theming going on. I like what I'm seeing. And can we get that magic last character? Frieza. Oh, man. This is going to be a rough one. Okay, well, I was really feeling that first pick, but that's going to be it for us. Frieza? No, Krillin 18 and Frieza, that's going to be our team. Now, if you'll excuse me, I'm going to hop into a ranked game. Oh no, it's McToasty! Haven't we gone up against this guy a lot before? I think he's really good. If I'm remembering it correctly, I think he's pretty good. Which isn't good news for us considering we're running this team, but... Who knows, maybe Krillin will carry us. Maybe the Frieza assist will actually come in handy. I have no idea how our usual corner combo with Krillin will work here. But we'll just have to make do. Alright, if anything, maybe we switch into 18 after a little while. Oh no, bad Super Dash to start us off. Alright, hit by a beam. That's really no problem. Alright, we're going to switch out here. Keeping our distance. Oh, I thought I had that down heavy read on the Super Dash. That would have been great. Alright, hold them down, 17. Hold them down. Oh, going to Krillin. That's right, that's right. That's what we want to see. Do a standard bait. There we go, that's going to be a knockout. Actually, wait. Hold the phone, I don't... That's not where I thought I was going to drop the combo, but I didn't have an assist to extend properly. Unless I could somehow make it work with Frieza, which I doubt. 17, barrier with me. There you go. There we go, that's what I like to see. I probably should have switched in Vegeta. That's no problem, baby, no problem. Alright, and crash, nice. Oh no. Alright, come on, Frieza, don't panic with me now. Oh, I tried to run back, but instead I ran forward because he crossed me up. That's just unfortunate. Alright, hold on. That's not too bad. Level one. I think we might back dash, try to play the Zona game. Oh, we got crushed. We got Human Roll, Human Wrecking Ball into the corner. Alright, quick bean. Yes, Suri, we eat those. No! Okay, now we can just... Oh, we got hit. Damn it, the things went away. My mastermind plan. Knocked me out. Interesting. Oh, if I could have converted on that, I would have been the happiest man in all of Dragon Ball. No, that was supposed to be the flag. Okay, I can work with this, I can work with this. Frieza? Nope, that was poorly timed Frieza assist. Oh no, poor timing on my Super Dash there. Doesn't get me out of the Vegeta assist, down tech. Keep it cool, keep it calm. We out of there. There we go, Krillin's back in. Ooh, bad medium. But he drops it, so that's all good. There we go, let's keep the... Oh, I was gonna say keep the beam game up, but I threw out Keeblast, so... Oh, and he's just rushing me down now. Alright, I don't think he can kill here, but if he extends with Cell, he might be able to. Yup, I didn't think he had his Super Dash left. Alright, let's just buy time for Krillin. Oh, air dashes forward and catches me, that was my plan too. Oh yeah, you didn't even expect to vanish. There we go, now we can keep it nice and simple. Ah, he didn't go for an uppercut.  There we go, that's a knockout. This has been a war of attrition. This has been a very switch out heavy game. And I think we're about to pay the price for that now as we speak. Actually, you know what? Yup, that was a bad move by me.  Oh no. Okay, we got the knockdown. Is he gonna spark? No, we had that, he wasn't gonna block. Oh, oh. Oh, beam. Oh, you gotta be kidding me. Nay. Go in it. Yeah, we jab him. We jab him out here. Okay, we need to gain enough bar for Golden Freeza. If we have that in level three sparking, we are gonna be just fine people. Real war of attrition style stuff out here.  Nooo, and for the beam. He was holding on his sparking too, which I didn't expect. Okay, come on, Freeza. Nice tail. Oh, don't even try it. All right, quick, quick, quick. All right, we're gonna run up and spark because he's gonna spark. Watch this, watch this, watch this. Golden Freeza speed. He didn't do it. He didn't do it. I thought I had to read. It was a dangerous one. But he only has three bars, so we should be safe. Golden Freeza. Reverse beat, let's go. Oh no. Oh, I was right to seek further evolution, baby. Tough first match, but I think the second one's only gonna be smoother. I have no basis to say that on, but that's just a hope in mind. Real tough one. Golden Freeza did come in clutch at the end there, got him with the extra damage. But now I feel like we should switch styles to something a little more offensive. All right, let's dial it back, go a little more defensive. As we can see from the evidence, clearly that style did not work out for me. Nice rolling ball. All right, he's getting a bit more spastic with these beams. Oh, that was supposed to be so good. Freeza assist didn't exactly cover the distance or get the right distance, I should say. Big hope in mind that that would hit. All right, behind the back, we out here. All right, we're gonna get the sliding here for the knockdown. Let's see what he does. Just reflects right away. Should have been blocking low, but you already know I wasn't.  Doesn't drop it either. We may be forced to pop sparking early here. Big mistake. Oh, Krillin, you gotta get those, my man. All right, Freeza, come out here and help him out. Okay, Freeza is going to pick up this knockout. Okay, if you don't want to take that, I am fine with that big drop, but he doesn't react fast enough. Okay, I'll take that. I'll take that all the way to the bank. My tail didn't come out. Nice. At this point, I think we should call out 17 to try and stop him from using Vegeta assist. Never mind, that didn't work as well as I was hoping. No reach on the grab, unfortunately. No down heavy either. Big yikes. 18 is out here not putting in the work. I really wish I would have gotten that beam, but I guess it's not too important, eh? Is anybody else witnessing this man hit me all the way to the ground? All expenses paid. Trip pass. We got that level three.  You know we got that switch in level three. Why wouldn't we have that tactic? Run up grab. Interesting. Frieza. Oh, okay, we get out of there, so not too bad. Oh no, okay, we're fine. Oh, okay. He's not going for any overheads or dragon rushes, so it's not as stressful as I'm making it sound. Pick him up in the rocks. Let's do this. All right, and then we'll destructo this early, hit him on the downfall. Dragon rush again, big miss. Big miss, okay. Ah, he ain't even gonna risk dropping.  Okay, so we need to get Tien back in. The quicker, the better, too. So Frieza's not the correct choice to have out here. Please be high enough. Perfect. Oh, he's just, he's hitting buttons. He's hitting buttons. I try to go for a little dragon rush there. Try to be a little cheeky. Guard cancel, 18, we out here. Oh, bad move. Gotta plant my feet more. I think he's going right back out into Frieza. Oh, no vanish, not enough time. I guess I should have just kept blocking. All right, we're going down. Okay, here's the strat. Here's the strat. Now I'm in the corner. Frieza getting that big air. I'm expecting a super dash here soon. Ah, this is exciting. Oh, no, I couldn't squeeze him. Unfortunate that you feel that way, 18. All right, we out, we out. Oh, the super dashes. They're coming in at full screen. I'm not expecting them. And the ones I do expect never come. There we go. Finally, get a dragon rush. We're on like, we have nothing right now. Okay, here's the plan. We have to go and freeze and try to get him. I think he's going to DP here. So we'll see what we can do. Oh, he DPs the overhead. We were right about the DP, but he also called in a TN assist to keep it safe. So, oh, we land another dragon rush. Oh, no. All right, just level one him. Get him back to the ground. I have a funny feeling that. Oh, no lag or was that lag? Or am I just bad? Going in awful on the back. We don't want any of that. No down heavy. Unfortunate. No, please. Oh, where's the down heavy? I was, I was like waiting for that. I was like, if we get one down heavy, it's over, but unfortunate that was not the strat to go for apparently. So one, one with my opponent here. Whew. Solar flare. Yeah, I know. I was trying to bait out that level three to get Krillin back. Actually, I don't know how that works if your character's dead. Oh, you do not want to mess with the barrier. Nice reflect. Okay, but now we know that's his style. All right, we get him. That'll be enough to extend a little. Oh, I thought he would land faster than that. Hey, at least we're out of the corner, right? You got to take the good with the bad. Krillin, get that beam out faster. Krillin has the fastest beam in the game too. That's all about that stray damage. Oh, nice confirm Krillin. Oh, he dp'd that time. Oh, yeah, I'm going to spam that all day long. I'm going to spam that all day long. Uh-huh. Yeah, I like what I'm seeing here. This is why Krillin is the one we play. Oh, DP. That was probably obvious for me to go for. Back dash. But you don't have that range. But you don't have that range. Oh, wow, instant switching. Not expecting that. I was expecting a normal super dash. Oh, medium doesn't catch him fast enough. Whoo. We have him on the ropes here too. If we can just get one character down, the momentum might be too much. Spamming lights didn't work. I thought if I rapid fired the lights, we're dead. Wow. That was good stuff. Damn, with 18 down, we don't have that barrier anymore for any cheese. Wow, he did not. I don't, there's no way he meant to do that, did he? All right, cells down, leaving just a low health Vegeta and a full health Tien.  That's right, that's all we needed to have a little confidence in ourselves. All right, that was a really close super dash he went for there. Didn't expect him to get there, honestly. Down heavy, I'm too slow in the reaction time. Got to be a little quicker to pull the trigger here. No, no.  Level three, Chow Tzu, not going to be enough. And this is probably going to force my hand to spark, honestly. Yeah, really had no choice there. Again, I couldn't get it out before the super dash came and Frieza doesn't really have anything good in the air for super dash. Like I can't down heavy or anything like that. Thank God we got that out before Vegeta's this game. Oh, no. Oh, we're just getting super dashed to death. Come on. Oh, taken out of the assist. And that's going to be the end of Krillin. Damn, I just got rushed down after that. That's rough. Okay, let's see if we can't make a tiny. Wow. I'm getting caught by everything. Confidence at an all-time low, but he drops it. Crossed up. Damn, 2-1. Okay, next game we're going to try to, you know, conserve how many times we get hit by super dash. Because we just got trampled right there. That was not good for us. Not a good look for us. Not a good look for it. Oh, oh, you don't say. Would Tien be interested in talking to me? Oh, I hit the ground too fast. Oh, no, no, no. So quick with it. All right, what's the strat? Do we get, do we get him out of here? Please hit. All right, good. Wow, our tail didn't hit either. So this is bad. Now he still has that do it on Ray assist, which comes in the handy a little too often for me to like. Okay, back to the corner with him. Oh, just a raw standing heavy to stop the dragon rush from going off.  All right, we got out. Don't I'm ready to keep it safe. Unfortunate. All right, back to the corner with sell. All right, that's fine. If anything, I would prefer to get hit by a do it on Ray there because that would just be too much.  Rather stay back and get hit by this. Wow, that hit me out of the air too. All right, Krillin come in. Didn't mean to waste the bar, but real quick with it. There we go. We saw that one coming. We don't have enough bar though to make use of it. DP. That was a good call. Good call. I was going to rush up and just put up some fake pressure. Some of that great fake stuff I'm world renowned for. That's right into that. Oh, I was hoping his reach would be too small. So I did press jab. All right, I think 18 is going to make it out of this, but with very limited health. Oh, never mind. Yep. He got that second bar from all those people. He missed both. Yes, sir. I will take that. That was free. So 18 just popped out. She's like, okay, I'm done. Done being a punch of that. I'm back to being a punching bag. Sucks. I'm getting caught by so many of these. I got to plant my feet, man. Maybe I just got to play some good old-fashioned defense. Back dash. Back dash is so risky again. So why'd I go with that option? I should go with two reflects, no more, no less. Big lag. All right, super dash to throw off the timing. You don't want to apply any of that pressure. No, that was supposed to be a sparking. Okay, good. Wow. All right, throw off that timing again. Wow, and Frieza just does not get his arms in there quick enough. I think he should have leveled one, but he might just be trying to kill with no bar spent. And he's going to get it. No, he's not. Oh, Frieza. Oh, Frieza. Oh, Frieza. Frieza, no. Frieza, no, not your own energy ball. Yikes. Okay, come on, Krillin. Let's wrap it up. Okay. All right, this should be a knockout. Two bars. You're going to charge me two bucks for this? Dude, my pockets do not run this deep. Oh my God, my pockets are so dry now. DP completely forgot again. Oh, thankfully. All right, bait out the DP. There we go. Finally, it comes out on time. Oh, we're going to risk it. Please kill. No dice. No. Where's the reflect going? Oh, back dash.   Arse came out a little bit after his, so we didn't even get the clash. Oh, God. Well, that's going to do it for me. The random one and three out. Oh, God. I really got to polish up the down heavy game. Yikes. Well, hopefully you guys enjoyed this video. Let me know if you want to see any more random battles in the future. It was pretty fun, honestly. I would like to do it again. But let me know now I'm alone in the comments and also by leaving a like while you're down there and subscribing to the channel. I also have a few other videos on your screen of me playing some more thematic and constructed teams up above. If you like any of those, give them a watch. Other than that, I'm Dr. Duia. I'll see you in the next video.


Hello and welcome back, everyone. Hope you're enjoying these videos on over the wire of the Bandit Wargame. My name is John Hammond and we are jumping right back into level 11 where we left off on the last video. We've got the password saved, storing it in this file that we're reading out through some bash command substitution, passing it to SSH pass so we don't have to enter the password each time and just running with that user for SSH connection. So once we log into the level, let's check the prompt for this. Password for this level is going to be stored in this file, data.text, where all the lowercase and uppercase letters A through Z are rotated by 13 positions. Okay, so we've got that data.text file and we can assume this is trying to say the password is all this nonsense, but it's shifted and it's rotated by those 13 positions. So this is a Caesar cipher. This is at its base a Caesar cipher or a ROT 13 rotate by 13 places substitution cipher. Really, really simple, not that hard to break because obviously it's just moving one letter in the alphabet into a different letter in the alphabet, just kind of moving it over right or left those 13 places. So 13 is not too difficult to do because it's just in the middle of the alphabet right, the 26 letters. And we can just do this really easily with an online tool, rotate 13 or ROT13.com should just work this fine.  That's nice and convenient. It's not too much fun when we're not doing it in the command line though, because that's what we like to do. So I don't think this is installed in here. It's not okay. If you are on your home system outside of the bandit level wargame, you can use ROT13, which again may not be installed, but it's in the package BSD games. So you can install pseudo apkid install BSD games and that will install ROT13 and Caesar. Caesar is also really handy because Caesar, you can pass it the number that you want to rotate these, rotate this by. So even if it's not a ROT13 cipher, you can do a for loop and just do a brute force. Okay, what is the key that's being used for this rotation? If it's a substitution cipher just by shifting the alphabet, shifting letters. So if we had this original string like we do here, I'm going to get the original back. We can echo, I'm not going to use cat because cat, it's not a file name, it's just echo to put this in center output. Let's echo this onto the screen, pass it to ROT13 and that works just fine as well. Cool, this is a level is this bandit 12? Yeah, cool. Let's break out of here and just like that, we're moving through them. All right, ROT13, Caesar cipher. Now this case, pass it for the next level stored in data.tech, which is a hex dump of a file that has been repeatedly compressed for this level, it may be useful to create a directory in the temp folder. Okay, cool, so we're moving into temp, get a new home. What do we got? We have data.txt and this is a hex dump. You can see all the kind of hex bytes and bits and stuff out of in the middle here, the ASCII representation that it's trying to use over on the right side and then the number as it's reading through these bytes on the left. So let's make a home for us in temp, make directory for temp. I'm gonna say john and let's copy data.txt to that directory. Cool, let's get there, change directory into where you just moved to and this data.txt is a hex dump and we can assume that it was put together by this command XXD. XXD is typically a built-in hex dump tool or program in the links command line and it can make a hex dump in that format that we've just seen or it can do the reverse, it can repair or take the hex dump and bring it back to the original like raw binary bytes file. So let's try and see how that looks. If we did XXD said it was tack reverse, right? And it needs probably the file that we're working with, so data.txt and cool, now we've got all this raw gross bytes but we can store this in a file. Let's redirect this with that greater than symbol that walk a walk an arrow to bring it to like something, right? And that'll be our new file. So now that it's there, we can run file on something and try and identify what this thing is and it tells us that this is gzip compressed data. It was originally data 2.bin, but it is not right now, now it's compressed. So if it's gzip compressed data, we can g-unzip or gunzip, I like to say, on that file. We can gunzip something and it'll say, oh, I don't know the suffix. Ignore it, I'm not going to do anything. Okay, so gunzip and a lot of other compression tools don't really play that nicely if you don't have the correct file extension. So let's move that something to something.gzip and now we can gunzip that. Maybe it wants it as just gz, I think. Gunzip that. Oh, it did not. Okay, it just added on that gz at the end. So make sure you have just gz as your file extension and obviously pass the correct file name to gunzip. It won't give you any output, but if you check your file system you got just something now or the original uncompressed file. So what is that now? Ah, it's bzip2 compressed data. Okay, let's try and gunzip that or be unzip and it's gunzip2. That's a built-in, again, utility here. Give it the file name we're working with. It needs to know... Oh, okay, I guess it didn't know what the file name was originally so it just guessed, but now we've got this and it's still... Okay, gz up again. Let's move this back to where we had it before. I think this process happens a lot. Let's kind of lather rinse repeat here. Oh, this is a tar archive, okay. If you haven't seen the tar command yet, it's a tape archive. Another kind of common Linux archive file format a lot like Windows has the zip archive that it's typically used to. tar is, again, historic and traditional for Linux. We can extract with tar x and then the file that we're working with and you may need to use tag f to format or I'm sorry force that from terminal, whatever and now it's got some things extracted. It's got data5.bin and that is apparently another tar archive so let's tar x f If you actually supply v here v and f I think should always be at the end for tar for some reason. Tar is a weird thing. There's a lot of funny xkcd comics about the arguments for tar that no one really knows them but you just say random letters. tar x v f to see the file names that it's working through and then let's just use the data5.bin Okay now it extracted data6.bin and what is that? That's vzip2 so let's bunzip that one I'm sure you guys are getting the hang of this at this point another tar archive again another gzip let's move that to.gz gunzip and now we have ASCII text as data8.bin so that must be our password there it is okay excellent cool what do we got now? let's move into bandit13 oh we have SSH key private a private SSH key password for the next level is stored in this and can only be read by user14 for this level you don't get the next password but you get a private SSH key that can be used to log into the next level okay so we can use localhost to refer to the machine we're currently working on so let's SSH kind of into ourselves here as can we use this SSH private key? okay it's we can read it so we are bandit13 and as the group we have the permissions just in the middle here to r for read the rw and that hyphen at the very end is just for the owner bandit14 but the group the next three we can just read it so we can SSH tack I now to use an identifier or a file with the SSH key that private as our private key that we're going to use to authenticate not a password anymore and let's do this to ourselves right localhost and we want to specify the username so we want to be bandit14 now we can accept this whatever fingerprint thing and now we're level 14 great okay the password for the next level can be retrieved by submitting the password for the current level to port 30,000 I read it right this time I was able to process that number that number on that port on our localhost on our self okay let's do that with netcat so netcat or nc is how we can make these connections to just different ports or specific services or connections with the specific host name in this case localhost or any other computer with that port so first we need to know the password for this level we know that that is in et cetera bandits pass right yep I just used tab to autocomplete there it's a directory but we want it for bandit14 cool so we can copy and paste it if we wanted to but we can just pipe that into netcat and netcat will let's do this by hand first so I can show you netcat will need the host name that we're trying to connect to so localhost just to refer to this machine just bandit just the server that we're on the wargame and then we'll use 30,000 as our port number it just takes this as an argument following it doesn't need to tack P like SSH does that's a keen distinction between netcat and SSH so nothing really happens so if I would just say hello it says wrong please enter the correct current password so okay we know we are interacting with a service and it just needs that password to copy and paste it in there or we can just pipe it in through what we have so netcat into localhost 30,000 and hey there we go correct and we get the password for the next level bandit 15 let's break out of 14 and 13 and let's make a note for bandit 15 and we can connect to that in the next video alright thank you guys for watching hope you're enjoying these again run them through them bandit littering some Linux command line stuff and getting our feet with a capture the flag cybersecurity wargame so hope to see you in the next video


Wow, what's up everybody once again, it's Brand Man Sean and today we are going over the branding and mystery of Pharrell Williams, but first we got to acknowledge something important. My boy Pharrell Williams has been in the game for a long time This is a very important detail. You can go all the way back to 1992 where it was said that he wrote Teddy Riley's verse on Wreck and FX's Rump Shaker And then I know I was personally bugging out when I found out that Pharrell had this very small cameo and one of my favorite SWV songs Small contributions, but these were huge songs in their era It's just a fact to show that Pharrell's been doing this for a long time 1992 people and when you look at his timeline working with Teddy Riley who was like a mentor to him And if you don't know who Teddy Riley is He's basically like the Pharrell of the New Jack era. He defined that whole era of the 1980s But you can see through the 90s where as Pharrell and Chad, you know working in the background Writing largely doing some production as well, but they're still in the background building their name and brand that way That's one era of Pharrell and then you move to 1998 where Nourie grabbed Pharrell to produce Super Thug that project And that's when you start to see that boost and Pharrell's brand and notoriety and what's important about this is once again We're talking about different eras. So once he is that 1998 mark We start to see a lot more mass awareness for him eventually in the early 2000s I mean Pharrell becomes basically a hit-making machine. That's when people start to want his voice That's when the Neptune's project start to hit and once again You're closing out another era of Pharrell's career and what's really important about that era there Is not only is it really important that the Neptune's came out with a project and they start to really visibly Show their different artistic indirection and take hold of a fan base of their own Pharrell's involvement in songs outside of that specific demographic Especially when people start wanting that little whisper soft voice that he has and that became to define a song in itself Where certain artists would be like yeah, I want you to produce my stuff But I want you to have some words whether it's the chorus or not It came time to mix the record and I was like well Who we gonna get to sing this part cuz I was just imitating it as a reference Right, and they were like no job wants to leave you and I'm like job wants to leave me on That allowed Pharrell to go from behind the scenes with production to actually being in front of the scenes and a Significant figure in popular hip-hop while also being able to serve another niche with nerd without Contradicting his own brand so back to Pharrell because of that whole awareness and Recognizing him as this different figure at the forefront of this culture next thing You know people start to be curious on his taste in style after at first people thinking he was weird at first But then eventually he turned people because that's just how the process works They start to wonder what's his opinion on style He comes up a billionaire boys club ice cream things like that and those brands were lifestyle Extensions of who he was and what he represented all throughout this time Pharrell was not really necessarily Mysterious, this is arguably his first period of him being super hot individually as a brand of course with that bus He ends up coming out with a project and even if you look throughout this time Pharrell the way he's talking in interviews is kind of different in the way he might talk during interviews now And then he starts making those memes That's how it works though Watch the facets glow But don't try to run up on the board like a matador and try to grab it though My security cuz the gas will blow and just think you will sink in that casket low And what I mean by that is simply considering the character or how people perceive Pharrell to be based on how he is and presents himself now Some of the interviews were a little bit more boisterous His rap lyrics were a little bit more in your face and more reflective of that time And it didn't seem that mystery was even something on his personal roadmap for goals and although I could go into a lot more detail We've really gotten to a point of talk about enough to really talk about what's important for Pharrell's mystery The first thing is the fact that he was not always mysterious Pharrell again has been in the game for 25 years Even if you look at one of the most mysterious characters in music of all time Prince Prince was not always Mysterious so the point number one is the fact that for a lot of people who desire mystery is that you do not have to come out The gate mysterious. Yes, you have people like the weekend. You have people like her That's cool But especially if you plan on creating a whole career you can come out and be in people's faces like crazy right now and then Five years from now become the biggest mystery of the world But how number two you have to continue producing what's key about what Pharrell has done is first He had all these errors of rebranding which is highly necessary for a continued and long thriving career But on top of that he continued to make sure he was putting out product producing and contributing to the culture So immediately after he was super hot and there was nowhere else to go He was due for a reinvention error This is really where you start to see a lot more of his involvement in the arts culture and fashion culture and all these things They're not even necessarily that he wasn't doing it before that time But from a PR standpoint you start to see more of that stuff at the forefront Then a lot of the music and other things like that and the reason that him contributing to culture constantly in some relevant way It's so important is because if you want to be mysterious You still have to make sure people care about you remember branding is all about other people's perception of you Not how you think about yourself You could think you're being mysterious by not telling me your last name But if I don't care about what your last name is and I'm not wondering about it in my head That doesn't make you mysterious So he'll continue to do more cool stuff and stay at the top of people's mind was highly relevant for him to be Mysterious whether he was planning on doing it for that purpose or not There are a lot of people who get really hot and then they just say hey I'm gonna go behind the scenes and you don't see anything or see their name attached to anything and you're not wondering about them They just seem like has-beens or just people who did their thing and now they're not in the game anymore And lastly he had to rebrand his approach even when he was doing certain things in public mystery is a combination of one making people care to lack of information and three Presentation so from the presentation standpoint you have to look at the fact that he rebranded yet again Right before he wasn't necessarily all vocal, but he had the arrow of him being high He started to get out there a little bit more boisterous and all that kind of stuff after that He kind of went back into what seemed to be his more natural state anyway of being more laid-back Answering questions a little bit more cryptically But even more so him highlighting things that he thought that matter and a lot less so a lot of those superficial things when we talk About the entertainment industry and you can kind of dig in and start to notice that transition from right after he was high So let's just say 2008 and beyond and that's when you see the cultivation and incubation of this whole mysterious persona That he has now in the public which allows him the ultimate freedom of him doing Whatever he wants to do because that's how Pharrell seems to use his mystery as opposed to exploiting it If you look at somebody like Pharrell and Prince people often look at them as these guys who you don't necessarily know everything about you Can't figure out but they're kind of going around do what they want to do And there's like small little stories associated with them that people kind of talk about them being magical Almost because they're like little fairies or pixies that are moving around just appearing and disappearing I get way deep on a lot of these things in the Prince mystery video and the whole mystery series I did that's largely why I'm not gonna get into that stuff here But my point is they use their mystery for freedom to do whatever they want to do without having to worry about a Lot of that public persona stuff getting into a lot of these interviews and just Making that superficial run that a lot of people have to do because they've attached and built their careers that way when a lot of people Who seek mystery are usually exploiting their mystery But Pharrell and princes is more long-lasting and legendary because they're not Flipping their mystery just to do something else like if you look at the weekend Not saying that he can't create long-lasting mystery But the primary way he became mysterious even her is really hard to mimic the feeling that's associated with a high level of Mystery they had when people first found out about them Especially if you want to talk about creating more and more and more product It's also incredibly difficult to do a lot of other things from a branding standpoint Whereas like I said Pharrell's type of mystery is a lot more freedom He can pretty much do whatever he want to which at the end of the day brings me back to literally the primary reason I decided to do this video on Pharrell a lot of people want to be mysterious But I just want to remind people that you do not have to come out the gate mysterious You can always rebrand It's just a little finesse to create a different vision and version of yourself But you have to have the patience over time mystery itself is not necessarily even created overnight You know what to do. 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Welcome to the screencast on section 8.5, Finding a Taylor Series. Up until now we've found a bunch of Taylor polynomials, and in this video we'll see how to take that idea and find the infinite Taylor series that represents a function. So here's our problem. Find the Taylor series for natural log of x centered at x equals 1. It is worth thinking about why is it that we'd want to center this Taylor series at x equals 1 and not, for example, at x equals 0, or even 2. So you can think about that. Right now we're going to use what's given, and also I'm going to remind you of the general formula for the Taylor series for a function centered at a. In this case we know what a is because we're given the center, that's what a means. And so in order to figure out all of the different parts of this Taylor series, I like to lay things out as a table. I realize that the main parts of this Taylor series that I'm going to have to work with are the coefficients in front of the polynomials. So the polynomial part, the x minus a to the k, is going to be relatively simple to write out. It's this derivative evaluated at a and the factorial below it that I'm going to have to work on. And that's what I've got this table laid out to help me calculate. So I'm going to start at k equals 0. And I'm going to calculate the kth derivative of our function. I'm going to evaluate that derivative at the center, which is a or 1. And then I'm going to calculate this entire term, the coefficient for x minus a, which is the kth derivative evaluated at 1 over k factorial. And once I've done that, I'm going to look for patterns to see if I can figure out what the general pattern in this Taylor series is. So for k equals 0, the 0th derivative is just another way of saying my original function, natural log of x. And evaluated at 1, well I get 0. That's a hint about why I might want to center this at 1 and not some other number. And so when I take that and divide it by k factorial, I also get 0. It's worth remembering here that I'm dividing by 0 factorial and that's defined to be 1. So I'm doing 0 over 1 and that's just 0. Alright, my next step, k equals 1. So what's the first derivative of natural log of x? Well it's 1 over x. For compactness and for reasons that you'll see shortly, I'm going to write it as x to the minus 1. It's going to make it easier to take derivatives if I write it this way. When I evaluate that at x equals 1, I just get 1, no surprise there. And so 1 over 1 factorial, that's still 1. So far, pretty simple. I don't really see any patterns developing, but let's check the next one. So here's what the second term of my Taylor series is going to involve. I need another derivative of natural log of x. So I need the second derivative. Well that's just the derivative of x to the minus 1. And here's why I wrote it that way. This is written as a polynomial, so I can write this as minus x to the minus 2. It's easier than trying to do a quotient rule or to rewrite a fraction. And evaluating that at x equals 1 is also not too bad. I get a minus 1. But now for the first time, something interesting happens. I'm going to take that minus 1 and divide it by k factorial. Well that's 2 factorial, so I get minus 1 over 2, which is 2 factorial. So I'm starting to see something happen, but it's not quite clear what the pattern is yet. So let's keep going. What if k is 3, the third term of the Taylor series? I need to do another derivative. And again, because I wrote my last derivative in this nice polynomial form, I can calculate this derivative pretty quickly. So I'll get 2x to the minus 3, and make sure you know why it's positive here. When x equals 1, that comes out to just 2. So let's write out what this fraction is. So I have a 2 divided by 3 factorial. I'm going to write that out as 3 times 2 times 1, just to make it clear what I'm doing. And I see a couple of things cancel. Of course, the 1 doesn't make any difference. And so I'm just left with 1 third. Now I think I'm starting to see a pattern. I have 1 negative a half, positive a third. So I think that the next term I get might be 1 fourth. But here's the trick. We've got to make sure. We've got to have a reason for that. So let's actually take a look at the next one. 4. And the next derivative, I'm going to have to bring that minus 3 down. I highly recommend not simplifying. I'm going to bring the minus 3 out and just multiply it by 2, decrease the power, and I'm not going to multiply them together. Because, as we'll see, it'll be easier to see what happens in the final step here. So when I plug in x equals 1 for that, I'm going to get minus 3 times 2 times 1. And sure enough, when I have to go and divide that by 4 factorial in this case, and I move things down to give me a little more space, I'm going to be dividing by a lot of the same factors I've already seen. So I have minus 3 times 2 times 1. And then 4 factorial is 4 times 3 times 2 times 1. Again, a lot of stuff cancels out. The 1's, the 2's, the 3's, and I'm left with minus 1 fourth. And so I'm pretty sure I see what the pattern is now. Let's do one more step. And as we do this, we're going to think about why this would be the general pattern. So here when I take this next derivative, you can see that I'm going to take the 4 and move it down. And then I'm always going to be alternating between a plus and a minus sign. So if we look through the steps I've done so far, it's plus, minus, plus, minus. Because every time I take a derivative, I have a negative power that I multiply out front. And that's going to flip me back and forth between plus and minus. In addition, the numbers out front are increasing, and they're increasing by this factorial pattern. I have a minus 1, a 2, another minus 3. Every time my power has gotten one smaller. And so I'm going to multiply by that power in the next step. So that means that my next step here is definitely going to be 4 times 3 times 2 times x to the minus 5. And when I evaluate that, I'm just going to get the coefficient out front because I have a 1 to any power is still going to be 1. So I'll get a 4 times 3 times 2 times 1. And when I divide this out, and once again I need a little bit more room here, when I divide this by k factorial, so k is 5 this time, and I've noticed that my derivative is just lagging slightly behind it. So in my factorial here, everything except for the 5 is going to cancel out.  And everything except for that 5 is going to cancel out, and I'll be left with a 1 fifth. So what we just did is argued through a reason why this pattern is going to continue. Every time I take a derivative, I'm going to get the power left over here down in front, and that'll be 1 larger than the coefficient I already had in front, and then I'll make the power 1 smaller, so the next time through I'll multiply by that smaller power. So that's been a pretty good argument for why this pattern is going to continue. So let's go to the next slide here and summarize all of this. All right, so we found this pattern for the values of the kth derivative at 1, and I noticed that there's a general pattern here. So in each of these steps, I'm going to label the value of k above it. k started at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. So at each step, I had a factorial. I was multiplying all the numbers from 1 up to 1 less than my k value. So this looks like what I would call a k minus 1 factorial. But there's a plus and minus in front, and the best way to get an alternating plus and minus is to have a minus 1 to some power. And I noticed that when I've got even powers, I get negative numbers, and when I've got odd powers, I get positive numbers. So the usual way to say that is to raise it to the k plus 1. So if I put in an even number for k, I'm going to get an odd power that will give me a minus 1 and vice versa. So we found a general formula for the kth derivative when x equals 1. And that means now I know how to divide that by k factorial. I've got a minus 1 to the k plus 1, k minus 1 factorial, that's the numerator. And I'm going to divide it by k factorial. But when I write that out, I'm going to write it out in long form here to make sure it's clear. What I'm really doing is doing 1 times 2 times 3 all the way up to k minus 1 in the numerator. And in the denominator, I'm doing 1 times 2 times 3 and so on up to k minus 1 times k. And so I can see that always I'm going to have all of these parts cancel out except for that k left over. And so I'm going to get the minus 1 to the k plus 1 that gives me the alternating sign. And I'm going to have a k in the denominator. And we're going to start this. We don't want to start when k equals 0. But we know that because k equals 0 gives us a derivative of 0, we're not even going to have a first term in this Taylor series. It's just not going to show up. So let's write out what the Taylor series is going to look like. In general, we have the sum. And I'm going to fill in the details of the sum later. This coefficient out front right here is the part that we just calculated right here because a is 1 in this problem. And so I've found that that coefficient is always going to be minus 1 to the k plus 1 over k. Now the polynomial part is the easiest part of this because it doesn't involve any extra special calculations. It's just x minus our a value that's 1 to the kth power. Now where do we start k at? So I notice that my first calculation here when I had k equals 0, I got a 0 coefficient. So that means there isn't going to be a first term and I can start it at k equals 1 and it will go up on to infinity. So this is the general form for my Taylor series. But it's also nice to write out the first few terms by hand just to make sure they look right.  My next term, so I'm going to make the note here this is when k equals 1.  And the minus comes from me putting in k equals 2 to that minus 1 to a power x minus 1 to the kth power which is 2 in this case. And that's the k equals 2 term. Now let's do a couple more. I'll do it more quickly. I get a 1 third times x minus 1 cubed and minus 1 fourth x minus 1 to the fourth. And at this point I can do plus dot dot dot meaning this continues in the same pattern for a long time. So a couple things that you should make sure you understand about this. Make sure you understand this negative 1 to a power that's a very common way to get an alternating series where we flip back and forth between positive and negative. The factorial's canceled and that's a very common thing that also happens in Taylor series. Finally, we're not really done yet. We've found the Taylor series for this function but we want to know about its interval of convergence and its radius of convergence. And we're going to talk about that in the next video as well as seeing what this actually looks like and how good of an approximation it is for natural log of x.