Ca3P2 is a new high-temperature form of this compound, which has a crystal structure of the hexagonal Mn5C3 type. It contains a Caion deficiency compared to the ideal 5-colon-3 stoichiometry, resulting in a stable, charge-balanced compound of Ca2+, and P3. Additionally, we observed a secondary hydride phase, Ca5P3H, which is a charge-balanced compound. Ca3P2 is a three-dimensional Dirac semi-metal with a highly unusual ring of Dirac nodes at the Fermi level, which is protected by a mirror plane similar to graphene. This article was authored by Lilia Essier, Leslie M. Scope, Elizabeth M. Seibel, and others.


We are excited to share this technical note entitled CT Imaging of Gold Nanoparticles in a Human-Sized Phantom which has just been accepted for publication in the Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics. Iodine is the most commonly administered intravenous contrast agent used today for highlighting specific organs, blood vessels, and tissue types. Iodine-based contrast agents can greatly improve diagnostic accuracy in CT and they allow for producing beautiful images like those shown here. The image on the left shows a stent placed around an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The image on the right shows contrast in various blood vessels and organs throughout the chest and abdomen. These images would simply not have been possible without iodine-based contrast agents. A major problem, however, with iodine-based contrast agents is that they've been associated with the development of acute kidney injury known as contrast-induced nephropathy, as well as thyroid dysfunction, particularly among individuals with pre-existing renal conditions. So alternative contrast agents must be considered and since the initial reports of Hainfield et al. intense interest has steadily grown in gold nanoparticles. Many studies have already thus been published regarding gold nanoparticles as CT contrast agents. But they have all thus far been limited to Monte Carlo simulations, small phantom studies, or mouse studies. The goals of our study are to 1. Image AUNPs in a human-sized phantom with a clinical MDCT scanner. 2. Determine the KVP setting which yields the maximum contrast and contrast to noise ratio. And 3. Determine the AUNP concentration required for visualization in an average-sized patient under typical diagnostic imaging conditions. Gold nanoparticles were imaged in the GAM-X RMI-467 electron density phantom which has a diameter of 33 centimeters and a Siemens somatom definition AS+. The observed image contrast was generally so extreme in the high concentration regime that the typical 12-bit dynamic range of 4096 was exceeded at 150 milligrams AU per ml. Typical contrast agents usually require lower KVP settings for optimal image contrast. Iodine's effective linear attenuation coefficient, for example, is always higher at lower KVPs. Because of Iodine's 33 KEVK edge, this relationship is true despite whether imaging in air or in tissue. Gold's 80.7 KEVK edge, on the other hand, causes the relationship between the effective linear attenuation coefficient and KVP to switch at a given depth in tissue. A very interesting phenomenon. All dose normalized CNRs for concentrations less than about 0.2 milligrams AU per ml were below 0.5. Since the rose criterion states that a CNR of 3 to 5 is required for a concentration to be visually detectable to an observer, these experiments were successful in establishing a lower limit for visible AUNP concentrations. By interpolating between the high and low concentration regime experiments, we provide a range of 0.3 to 1.4 milligrams AU per ml as the required minimum concentration for imaging in humans. Our first conclusion is that 0.3 to 1.4 milligrams AU per ml is required for human visualization in 1 millimeter images at a typical diagnostic CTDI vol of 23.6 mG. Our second conclusion is that scanners capable of reconstructing images with extended Houndsfield scales are required for distinguishing any contrast differences above 150 milligrams AU per ml. And our third conclusion is that AU and P's result in optimal image contrast at 120 KVP and a human size phantom due to Gold's 80.7 KEVK edge and the attenuation of X-rays by tissue.


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We are, how good, how good, can you hear your hair, Chef? Well, you did. Yeah. Oh, it's right, you gotta need to ask me questions about your work and your creative process, not mine. Um, and, um, it's a play, so that's the actual writing class, and if you have any questions to me. Tweet us, ad, watch me work, SLP, hashtag, new play. Tweet up, Chef. Until Jamie does this, she's making up the session begins. Thank you. Great. Great. So, uh, yeah, um, OS7, it's the, um, the action part of the play, now we're going to do the dialogue, if I can get my cover back on my iPad. Okay, now we're going to do the dialogue part of the play, which is, you know about your creative process and your work. So, um, your questions about your creative process and how it came, and why you're back in the house. So, does anybody have any, any questions, synopsis, synopsis, any tips on writing a synopsis? What's your name? Mike. Mike. So, Mike is writing a synopsis. How long do you want it to be? Yeah, fairly short. Yeah, yeah, it depends. Yeah, sometimes people say, write two pages or you want to write, but like this, so that people will read it, right? Um, that's what I, that's the person that can do my, you know what I mean? You want it to really capture the essence. You're not going to get everything, you know. You might want to go to, uh, Drama Books, you know where Drama Books is. It's for a play. Yes, you might want to go to, or even if it's a screenplay or a novel, it'll all work. We'll go to Drama Books, um, and check out the, uh, the dramatist play service or the Samuel French bits, or you can go online and read them. And read, especially the ones of the plays that you know.  Sylvia, an 89-year-old woman wants to marry him. Oh, whatever. You know, it's like that. It's always something like that, you know. So, you can read them and sort of get a feel for, um, you can even read, like, synopsis of, uh, King Lear. Those, like, enormous plays with lots of complicated story and beautiful language and to see how someone might boil it down effectively. So that's kind of it. It's sort of taking kids from that, but it should be, you know, it should grab. It should be relatively short, not so short. Um, but, but not, not too long. So I would like it given every movie. DPS or Samuel French online. I'm sure they have them online. Okay. So not like Spark, but it's our Cliff Notes, which are our whole pages. Okay. Listen. Are you from Chicago? Or you just, you're just wearing the costume? No, you're in the family. It's okay. And you're allowed to. I wear a team jacket. I don't know how to count her. Well, I kind of am, but anyway. Um, so Brandon wants to know how we develop, you said, verbiage, language, verbiage, language, dialogue, what they say, right? Um, there are lots of, there are lots of ways to go about it. The easiest way being here, I've said this many times before, and those of you who have heard it go like, oh my God, I'm falling asleep now. But, um, it's relatively quick. Uh, have you ever studied, uh, geometry? Yes. Oh, good. Wow. It's a piece of cake. Piece of cake. Okay. So in geometry there, you do those, um, proofs, right? This I'm grasping because I always forget how it goes. You do those proofs, and you have givens, right? Is that, am I right so far? Okay. So one of the givens are the truth, so the, you know, the things you can take for granted, two points make a line. Is that like a truth or a given? Two points make a line, right? So in playwriting or in writing, we can use that to write dialogue. Where your character is and where she wants to go. The line of dialogue. Okay. So, for example, if you have a character named, um, Sally, and she dreams of going to, uh, Greenland one day, and that's, so she, and she lives in, uh, Texas, West Texas, right? Where nothing is green. Okay. Not really, but let's pretend. And she dreams of going to Greenland. She is in West Texas. She dreams of going to Greenland. Two points make a line. So that will inform what she's talking about, right? The rhythm and all that flavor is, will develop. But that's the basic thing, right? That's what she's hoping for. Okay. That's sort of the core of her desire. Two points make a line of dialogue. Okay. So if you know where your character is at, and you know where he or she wants to go, then that can give you a lot of information about what they're saying. Okay. That's a way to start.  But that's basically how you find out what they're talking about, what they're obsessing about, right? Okay. Are you going to come back? Okay. So keep coming back and we'll keep talking about it and see how you're doing. So John has, he's done some writing, and you're very inspired. And it's Monday and you're right in your inspire. And then Tuesday comes around and you go, oh my God, you know, I've lost the thread. Sorry. I had this idea. Have you ever heard of like the Minotaur? Anyway, it's a long, it's a bad tangent. Don't worry about it. You know, to get out of the labyrinth, he needed a thread. And I always think of like, you know, you don't want to lose the thread because you're lost in the labyrinth with the Minotaur. I mean, to get he, the guy, whatever his name was, forget it. The hero. The Minotaur was a monster. But anyway, you want to remember the thread. You want to pick up that thread, right?  If you, you could, but that's kind of dangerous because then you get to like, you could maybe write, right? So maybe don't do that. Maybe, maybe, maybe as you're finishing that day, that writing period for the day, maybe get some post-its and write things like, remember, Jeff is really excited about klezmer music. You know what I mean?  So write little notes for yourself as if the characters are writing your notes or even pretend the characters can write you notes. Hey, remember when you pick me up tomorrow, remember that I'm doing such and such little post-its like that which will give you a handle on it without having to reread because we don't want to reread because you could like get into like self-loathing about it. This is like a version of On the Road. Yeah. I guess it's a play. See? It's like a road trip. It's a show. Everything's a play. Everything. All the world's a stage. We need two chairs. She does what I do. Yeah. It is a play. It is. Yes. Ah, you're back. Yeah, I'm back. Okay, so this is sort of, sort of has to do with inspirations. So I edited a concept. She's like a blogging film purchase and when I wrote the thing I thought it was like the most brilliant thing which was good. Then of course they announced all the winners in my new play. And then I thought, it's terrible. So I guess I was just wondering that when I went back to reading the thing I was like, no, it's not very good. So my opinion was completely changed by the response it got in the world to the rejection. So at least I'm going to say I think I'm really well in writing. Right, right. But that, when I get to scurn deeply and I don't sense that about very often in our episodes, I'm wondering, I don't know if you can talk about rejection or just kind of disconnect between when we're making something and then how we feel it's not received or how we want it to be approved. And those are extreme, that's an extreme situation. You know what I mean? You're written something, you love it, it's probably very good. And then you send it off to a contest and you're hoping to win and you don't get what you hope for and then you feel like poopoo. So that's very extreme. Usually most of us deal with the critics do either this or this or somewhere in between. It's not like we need a prize. We need a prize that's very extreme. Well, I think a prize is just great. Right, I remember. It seems extreme the way I'm describing it. No, no, no. It's like a lot of feeling wrapped up in that. So there's a lot of room for like elation or devastation. That's tricky. So you're in a difficult place. I think it's great that you wrote it. I think it's great that you sent it off. I think it's great that you're in a contest. And I think you felt naturally with anybody who feels dark, I didn't get what I wanted. I think all your feelings are right off the money. It's just how do you keep going after you've experienced something like that? And I would say have backup. Have a backup plan. Think of it like I don't know, dating or life. You're hoping it doesn't work out. You have a back, you have a bench like in baseball. They've got a whole bunch of people who play. And you have to just realize that you could and Tennessee Williams said something to the effect of praise and good reviews and bad reviews are both devastating. Equally devastating. Because a good review will swell you and you might never work again. So there's that too. Getting praise is not everything we think it is and you know that. I would just say recognize that it might set you back either way and keep going. Everyone asks me how do you keep going after you win a prize? How do you do the next day? What do I do the next day? Right. I keep going. I didn't think about it. Or you get a good review of the newspaper. I didn't think about it.  I didn't think about it. Because that's not why I'm in the business. You know what I mean? Getting published is important. And you want your work to be recognized. I'm not minimizing that. But you also more than getting published, you want to keep writing. So producers in the theater or whatever send out to more than one more than one contest. More than one journal to publish. More than one publisher. More than one producer. Spread it around. You know? And it's good. Keep going. You know? It's like keep out me. Imagine there it is. You're not going to write. You know it's like excuse me. And she would cry. That's who are you again? Exactly. That person, that resistance that resistance needs to sit down. You know, you have your resistance. There it is. Whatever it looks like.  You know what I'm saying? This is what that's what that's a way And that's what you want to do. You want to keep going. You want to keep coming here. Yeah, well I mean, it's also weird because when I got upset, when I got the rejection, whatever I got to say, I always would make you realize there's a lot of demons in there that I don't normally know. I mean, if I get a rejection, it kind of like brings up the demons. You're probably there anyway. Do I just hear you anymore? I know what you mean. I know what you mean. The rejection, it brings up a lot of demons that you probably ignore.  And when one of those things, there it is, enormous. I know. And we all have them. And you just need to know. Can you work your neck? There you go. There you go. Excuse me. There you go. You just put that on. I thought you were Elizabeth. I'm sorry. I'm looking for Elizabeth. And they'll go somewhere else. And you will have beaten them back one more day. And that's all you need. Just to keep them back one more hour. They'll never go away.


Welcome back. It's still the breakfast on Plus TV. I hope you're having one for morning wherever it is you're watching us from. And of course, that you enjoyed the show. Like we say, just take it easy. If you're at home, you can take a cup of tea or coffee and relax. And I'm soaking the wonderful analysis coming away. And talking of analysis, we have an interesting guest up next to do justice to the next topic. I'll introduce her in a bit. But let's quickly give you a background. We look at unemployment in the country and what it means to lose a job in Nigeria. The country has been ranked the third-west place in the world for workers to be laid off. Nigeria ranked the third-west country with a 1.19 over 10 layoff score behind Puerto Rico, and the United States of America, according to a report published by Lancer, a career advisory website. The report explained that despite enforcing the 4 over 9 redundancy rules, Nigeria still does not guarantee employees any severance package on being laid off. The report claims that after a year of employment, businesses in Nigeria give employees at least a week's notice before firing them. This is what it said. In third place, Nigeria ranks Nigeria with 1.19 over 10 layoff score. Nigeria enforces a 4 over 9 redundancy rule. However, it still does not guarantee you any severance package. So the report will at least get a notice period one week for employees with a one-year tenor and 4.3 for employees with over 5. Also on the list of worst nations for workers to get laid off behind Nigeria and New Zealand, Djibouti, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Romania, Austria and Bosnia and Herzegovina. We're glad to say joining us to analyze this is a professor, Biola Woshika-Fapetu, educationist, and she joins us as we assume in Lagos, or from Lagos. Prof, good morning to you, and thank you very much for your time. Good morning. Thank you for having me. Yes indeed. Prof, I mean, looking at the headline, you know, Nigeria ranking third-west in the world jumps out at one and obviously gives some reasons to be worked because nobody wants to be third-west at anything. But I see that we behind the United States and Puerto Rico, not back company, some would say. As a matter of fact, when we get into such company as this, I wonder about the data when we're lumped with the United States and Puerto Rico, which are probably essentially the same because Puerto Rico is a part of the United States. I worry about the data. I'm probably going to assume that this is only referring to our public sector employment because we have about 720,000 in the public service. That is less than 1% of us. And at the time when this data was collected, this was at the height of the COVID-19 Palava. And so a lot of the small, medium enterprises that employ most of us are in trouble. They're laying people off. They're cutting jobs. But these people are only going to think of how they're going to survive. They're not going to think of, you know, how am I going to now start paying people when I don't even have money to keep them in my employment? So I think we probably are not taking into account the fact that the majority of us, 89. something percent, almost 90%, work for medium and small enterprises. And these are the worst-hit organizations. And so they cannot afford the severance pays. That's on the one hand. On the other hand, I've been in Nigeria and in the employment market in Nigeria for about 10 to 12 years now. And you know what? Our people don't know what is called, you know, how to give notice. So they don't give you notice. They just walk away.  So they don't understand the system. And the policy is not strong enough to be imbibed by the small and medium enterprises who hire most of the people. And what the points, one nine percent that they got is probably from the public sector, which hires only 720,000 as a 2022. So I think that's the major problem is letting the people know what the policies are. The employees keeping to those policies and the employers being held to the policies. But right now, I don't think we're there. Right. Indeed, you raised some questions about the the veracity of this statistic. And, you know, I think these are questions that need to be asked because some things are a bit not too clear about the ranking. But I think we can we can agree, you know, if we want to just overlook some of the questions that hover around this report, I think we can agree about the the reality for Nigerian workers. So for workers in Nigeria, a lot of people are at work today. Yes, they don't have. People don't have jobs. Yes, yes, yes. Yes, please Pofgone. Yeah, I mean, folks who do need jobs, new jobs, don't have it. And so, and we're now saying rather than employ new or fresh people, we should put some money aside to be taking care of people who we had to lay off or who left. The whole thing is modeled up until we have a good system where when you get out of university or whatever training you had, you walk into the job market and you know, you're hired, you get employed as some of the money that we're getting from you is being put aside so that we can take care of people who might lose their jobs. We don't have anything like that. And so, and even the United States, that we're supposed to be in the same category as they are, they still even have some things, you know, for people to fall back on. They have they have unemployment benefits that they give their people. And yet, we're ranked at, you know, at the same level. So it just bothers me that, you know, we don't have the strong policies and the strong system that will help people who get out of a job, not to talk of people who don't even have jobs at all. Indeed. So these realities are there. Like you said, you know, the reality for love of Nigerian workers is that it's almost as safe as the employees. I mean, you've worked and lived outside the country. You know how, you know, how we have strong laws and strong rules about employment. You can't just employ people and treat them anyhow. You have a minimum wage. If it's per hour, they pay to pay them per hour. If it's per month, they pay to pay them per month and you stick to that minimum wage. In Nigeria, you know, I'm speaking as a worker, it's almost as if, you know, just getting the job is a favor. And you just have to accept whatever comes your way, you know. People are giving contracts and employees don't stick to the terms of those contracts. So we see a situation where, and I'm not saying you can't ask a worker to, you know, to pull in and try and help a company through difficult times, but it's almost sticking as for granted and as a given that they can tell you to do anything. You know, so when you have a contract that says this is what it's supposed to do as a specific ABC, they can tell you, I'm paying you XYZ amount of money for doing ABC. They can say do, you know, XYZ, add more, five more things to your portfolio and you have to do it because it's almost as if, if you don't do it, then we're going to look for someone else to do it and you should be thankful that you have a job. You know, so workers seem to have no rights in this country.  We have Nigerian workers and I think that the labor laws are skewed against workers and in favor of the companies and give, in their loopholes, even though we have strong laws, their loopholes, you can't even hold a company, take them to court, you know, that's one. Okay.  The second thing is that a lot of workers are owed. Some companies owe workers, you know, two months, three months, a lot of workers don't get paid on time. And in other parts of the world, you can't try it. You know, if you, it's a lot of responsibility. That's the second thing workers face. They don't get paid on time, no communication, no email, nothing, you know, from the employers.  Some, some of them make you sign contracts to stop it from unionizing. They tell you you can't be part of a union. You know, you can't, you can't work for any, like when the media industry, you can't work for any station for six months if you leave us. You know, some of them would, would, would make you, of course, you have to sign and you have to stick to the rules. It's even there that you give maybe a month or two months notice as the case may be before you leave, which is the right thing to be done, like you said.  And then of course, it talked about the severance package. So what I thought some, some of the things I've talked about that workers in Nigeria go through. Unfortunately, when there are no consequences for breaking the law, then the law is, the law is not enforced. There has to be consequences. And if you cannot form a union, unfortunately, when you're, when you're, you're asked to leave, you don't have money. And so you can't go to court. And if you sign an agreement that says you can't join a union, then that is very unfortunate because now you're up a creep without a paddle. So we have to start with enforcement. Even pensions that employees are supposed to have a lot of employers don't give those pensions such that even when the employer has to leave, you know, you give them a month in a month ahead and then you pay the pension that, you know, they have either contributed to or not. But you know, they don't, you don't get some employers don't even pay that. And unless there is a way that we can enforce some of this, you know, nine severance policies, then I don't think the lot of the employee in Nigeria is going to improve because once they leave, they don't have anything and they can't take action unless they find a pro bono lawyer that's going to take up their cause. But then if you get a pro bono lawyer that takes up one or two causes, maybe we'll put them on notice. But unless that happens, I don't think because employers are mostly small and medium enterprises. They're so small that, you know, they can't survive if they're now, they're holding up that asking people to leave because they don't have any money to keep the business going. A lot of businesses closed down during the 2020 COVID-19 problems. And that is, it's simply because they cannot fund their existence. So how do you now tell them to fund the existence of an employee that they no longer even get anything out of? So it's a conundrum, you know, that we have to, you know, sit back as a nation and say, what do we do for these people? Do we start an unemployment program where you can apply once you lose your job and have the government pay you for so many months until you get a job? Do we make it a government thing? Otherwise, it's difficult. Indeed, indeed. You made a case for the companies, which is, I mean, it's a good one because the companies are going through difficult times, you know, but I, I mean, sometimes we'll have little to no sympathy for them because some workers kill themselves, you know, for the companies. And for me, I must, I mean, if I want to be playing with you, I got fired in the middle of, in fact, in the middle of the pandemic, I got caught by company. I was telling so on the story, you know, the later a lot of people go, and I think it was, it was too premature. I think it was unfair because some of us had worked in the company for nine years, almost ten years, you know. Personally, I was the, I was the longest serving staff, and this just said, oh, you know what, the economy may take a down swing, so we have to let people go, and they caught me. Now, to refer to the company, I got the severance package, and that helped me greatly. I helped people, but there are a lot of other companies that don't have such a rake. I range from this is a properly run company, you know, but what was a bit of a, you know, disadvantage. I signed a, I was made to sign a contract, you know, that said I couldn't work for any other media organization for, I think, about six months. Yeah, so you see, you see, so, but you've said the companies go through a lot, and it's not easy to be a business owner in Nigeria, definitely. But should we have, you know, sympathy for the companies where you need to know, okay, this is how it is to be in business, and if you are not ready to be in business, don't get into it because you have to pay salaries. Doc, because, you know, some people start businesses, I can speak of media businesses, without a plan.  I think that is that. Yes, so, yeah, yes, please. Yeah, well, you can't tell people not to start businesses, because when they start, excuse me, when they start, they have a home. They think it's gonna go well, but then when, for example, a COVID-19 happens, what do you do? And I think the employees, I think the employees also, you know what you were doing when you were signing a non-compete or non-compete clause in your contract, and you're hoping you didn't have to compete with your employer. That's why you signed it. And so, you have to look at it both ways. The employer has no business not paying you, and you have no business competing with your employer if you signed that you will not be competing with them. So it's a case of who gives in first, the employer or the employee. I think the reason why they let people go is because they cannot afford it. I mean, if you started business for a month and then you fold up, that is very sad, because you probably didn't put any thought into that business.  And then if you survived the first five years, you have come to stay. So businesses that are in their early years, you cannot hold them to the problem of not being able to pay severance to the employees. But if you have grown enough and you are strong enough, you have no business not paying severance to your employees. Prof, I'd like you to take a breather. I'll ask the next question if you have some water. Maybe you can just drink a little. But sorry about that. That's fine. I'm fine now. So yes, you said indeed. But Prof, sometimes the workers, you look at, okay, what do you have to do? I'm a realist. I like being real. And sometimes you look at, okay, can I do without this job? Do I need it? And lovable approach jobs from a point of need. And that's what is on contracts like you cannot unionize, for instance. You know, so I don't know if government needs to look into this. But I'll read section four of the Labor Act, the Niger Labor Act. It says, subsection one says, no employer may make to a wage in excess of one month. I'm trying to get a place where it says it gives some protection to the workers. But there are laws, there are provisions in the Labor Act that talk about how long you can hold a worker, the severance packages that must be paid, they call it in lieu. So if the worker doesn't give you notice and just leaves, you don't pay them anything. If the worker gives the sufficient notice according to law, the worker does not give you notice, the worker has to pay you for the in lieu of the month. Yes, yes. And then if you want to start the worker, you have to give severance package. And if you don't give them notice, you immediately, of course, you pay them in lieu of the notice, which is what was done for me. And my company did that perfectly, excellently. So for those who don't give notice, excellently. So for those who don't do this, who don't stick to this law, should the government be, you know, rejigging the laws to enforce fines on them and to protect the workers? Because many workers don't have the money to go to the National Industrial Court. The funds, they don't have that. Well, unfortunately, if you can't go to court with your employer, I don't see what your recourse would be. Because the law is there. They know, I mean, I just recently someone told me I'm going to leave you in about 30 days. And I immediately think she should leave now. Because I don't want her to be with the rest of the employees and start polluting the system. There's nothing we're doing that is, you know, against the law. But I just want to keep the sanity of my people, so that we don't have any. And immediately I paid her in lieu of notice. I paid her pension. I paid her everything that I over. And then told her to leave immediately. Now, because we know what the law said, a lot of companies don't know. And here's ignorance of the law is no excuse. So if you can take one or two people to court and you can win, then people will be unnoticed to know that if I iterate my people, this is what is going to happen to me. I'm quite sure that if one or two companies are made the scapegoat under this law because we have laws. It's not like we don't. We have laws but we're not following it. So let's make sure that we do follow these laws and how we would do it without the courts I don't know. Is there because I mean the government did some things to help some workers. I know that some monies were paid to teachers. In fact, some schools received a request from the government to apply for funds that were shared to teachers because teachers were at home during the pandemic they were not laid off but the schools couldn't cope they couldn't pay because fees were not coming in. It was difficult time for some businesses like you said. Is there a role government can play to make it easier for people, professionals and workers who are let go, who have lost their jobs to survive. Is that something Nigerians can look in? You mentioned a little bit like the welfare system we have in the United States and other parts of the world. That's number one. Number two. How can government support do you foresee a situation where government can support businesses in times of difficulty to stay afloat and to pay salaries at least if you have emergencies like a pandemic. And you know this government actually did some of that. My school is actually one that benefited from the government's solution. The support that they gave some categories of industries and education was one of them and I applied. I didn't know anyone. I just put all my information online and they called me they called my employees and they paid the school some amount of money for three months and they also paid some of my employees for three months during COVID. So yes the government should be on standby to help companies to help them survive because they are the main state of this economy the higher the greater percentage of us. If you take 720,000 out of 200 million it's not even 1%. Those are the civil servants and the public workers. The rest of us are in the private sector. So they need to keep the private sector moving and afloat and they did some of that but they need to do more. The word I'm hearing in my head is stimulus packages in some countries government was giving companies money to help them stay afloat loans and grants to help them stay afloat. I'm happy you were a recipient of the federal support and you were able to give us a practical experience. Nigerian workers are not as protected as they should be by the laws. If you look at overtime a lot of workers work overtime without a cobble for that overtime. Thank you very much for your time. You sound like a good employer who would really be happy to work for things you've said. Professor Biola Awushika is an educationist and she's been a guest on the first discussion this morning on purpose. Prof thank you for your time. Thank you so much. All right the rights of workers really we can't talk enough about that and how workers really go through a lot just to survive in this country. I think government needs to do more. The laws are skewed. The labor laws are skewed in the favor of the companies and doesn't protect workers as much. We'll take a break now and when we return we look at a projection by we'll look at the situation between the headers and farmers. The crisis has been there for years and the federal government is seeking long term solutions to ensure that this is solved. We'll talk about this when we return. Please stay with us.


Good afternoon. Good morning. Nigeria, exactly. I'm yet to get into the time changes. I would like to thank the Center for Strategic and International Studies for inviting me to this forum. And more importantly, I congratulate the Center for its Agenda Setting Program on Nigeria. I believe strongly that current work by CSIS can provide the U.S. people, business, and the Obama Administration the information and analysis required to engage strategically with business, government, and the people of Nigeria. Let me also welcome and thank all of you for coming to this session. And in particular, Steven Morrison, Jennifer, who is not here, and Brian for anchoring and coordinating the session. As you are all aware, the president of Nigeria, Malam Umaru Musa Yaradua, took ill in November 2009 and had to be flown to Saudi Arabia for treatment. According to his prolonged absence, a wave of uncertainty, threats, and near disaster enveloped the polity. And something had to be done to pull us back from the brink. A joint resolution of the National Assembly that was anchored on the doctrine of necessity was passed in the first paving way for Vice President Goodluck Jonathan to ascend the position of acting president and commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Since the passage of the resolution, the acting president has taken necessary action to strengthen government capacity to meet key challenges. These actions include the appointment of a presidential advisory council under the leadership of two distinguished Nigerians, Teofilus Danjuma, a retired general, and Ben Wabwizi, a well-known professor of constitutional law. A new national security advisor, General Aliou Guzo, and 24 hours ago, the reconstitution of the Executive Council of the Federation, among several other important changes. The goal, according to Dr. Goodluck, a village Jonathan acting president, is to quote him, stabilize the polity, get Nigeria back to work, and drive the processes upholding our unity, citizenship, and development. Quote, one of my American friends who is seated in the audience here right here, said to me weeks ago, quote, Oron to the news from your country makes my blood pressure to palpitate too dangerously. Well, with Boko Haram Abdul Mutalab, the reoccurring just crisis and car bombs in worry in mind, all I can offer to my friend then and now was regrets, and request that we all work together to avat such unwarranted palpitations. In this wired world of today, bad news of the shocking variety can without mourning be delivered to you without solicitation. How I wish the goodness from Nigeria gets dispatched as quickly too. I have always held the view that Nigeria's political stability and economic prosperity is in Africa's and humanity's interest. Therefore, doing legitimate business with Nigeria and Nigerians in the area of job creation, building peace, protecting the environment and human rights, rebuilding and expanding our decaying infrastructure, and investing in education and health delivery system are critical. The Libyan strong man, Colonel Mohammed Gaddafi, contributing to the discourse on Nigeria, made two suggestions which he has since dispatched top diplomats to clarify and apologize. First, he said Nigeria should be divided into two, what he called Muslim not and Christian south. Then, 48 hours later, he reverse himself to say no, it should be divided along tribal lines. To Mohammed Gaddafi's new dream, present Nigeria will give birth to 250 countries. It is not clear whether Gaddafi's suggestions are only lined with the predictions coming from the United States that Nigeria will disintegrate in 2015. It is this background of festival of bad news that current policy options in the governance of Nigeria are presently directed. In the year ahead, the federal government aims to focus on the following. Electoral reforms to enthrone electoral integrity and strengthening democracy in Nigeria, resolving the Niger Delta crisis and enthroning a sustainable framework for development of the region while accelerating investment, reforming and strengthening the energy sector through a strong and viable petroleum industry act and the collaboration of our approach to eliminating energy poverty in Nigeria. Expand national capacity in the agricultural sector as part of our overall strategy to promote food security and diversify our economy, strengthen the financial services sector, enhance anti-corruption and anti-money laundering initiatives, promote human rights and eliminate impunity. These all flew from the seven-point agenda outlined by President Umaru Yadadua and they will all come, of course, built on the progress that has already been made, particularly in the first three sectors. So there will be continuity with additional vigor, urgency and fresh perspectives. Acting President Jonathan, in a recent address at the Forum on Electoral Integrity, regretted that, quote, in an era of advances in information and telecommunication technology in Nigeria, our young people are yearning to participate in politics and to bring the things that matter most to them into the political arena. Unfortunately, electoral malpractice and violence is keeping them away and breeding frustration throughout the country, unquote. The acting president believes that of all the challenges Nigeria currently faces instituting electoral integrity is the greatest as it has a corresponding impact on all sectors. A few weeks ago, the acting president sent the Justice Oways Committee report on altered the National Assembly to guide constitutional changes that will promote electoral integrity and justice. The National Assembly has already successfully passed changes in the Constitution that will now go through at least two-thirds of the state houses of assembly in the country. We are very confident that these changes will pass successfully. While constitutional and legal changes are important, the acting president holds a view that actual action of the government must reflect the desire for positive change. The unambarrassed state governorship election and the ESAC or Central Constituent Election in a those-state house-per-assembly have already been used by the acting president to demonstrate his commitment to free and fair elections. Most people agree that despite logistical challenges, occasioned by the tiredness of the electoral empire, the elections were free and fair and definitely devoid of government interference. The acting president made sure that everybody understood correctly that the federal government wanted genuine elections. Subsequent elections must follow this trend. Another key challenge that confronts Nigeria today is peace and stability in the Niger Delta. We all know that Nigeria is totally dependent on the Niger Delta for current and future energy needs, including electricity. This means that all national goals in energy self-sufficiency are meaningless as long as the Niger Delta is unstable. Last year, Nigeria failed first shot of the target 6,000 megawatts, mainly as a result of gas supply problems associated with the crisis in the Delta. This had an impact on quality of life all over the country and poor industrial capacity utilization, as well as the effect of diversing investment away from Nigeria. Some of you would have noticed that the acting president has retained a power portfolio in the recent reconstruction of the Executive Council. The acting president is determined to put in place a robust framework to tackle the epileptic power supply that is the bane of our efforts to develop and industrialize our nation. While an efficient and effective oil and gas sector remains anchor of Nigeria's energy output, we must not lag behind the world in seeking to promote alternative sources of energy. Alternative energy will diversify our energy grid, reduce our dangerous reliance on hydrocarbons but above all help to preserve and sustain the integrity of the ecology in the Niger Delta and in the North. The entire national, state, and local government procurement plans are also dependent on the oil from the Niger Delta. The Nigerian economy is totally and helplessly dependent on oil from the Niger Delta.  In order to reverse the negative impact of the Delta conflict on Nigeria, President Yeradua in May 2009 offered a non-conditional amnesty to militants in the region. The amnesty was accepted by majority of the militants. A disarmament exercise was carried out as part of the amnesty and currently a few thousand disarmed ex-militants are waiting to participate in the post-amnesty rehabilitation program. The post-amnesty program has been slow and disappointing but a new impetus is now being given to the program which will encompass reorientation, retraining, job creation, and entrepreneurial support for the youths of the Niger Delta, particularly the ex-militants. Also planned are greater infrastructural, social, and economic investment in the Niger Delta. There will be underpinned by the implementation of the 10% community equity ownership of oil assets through community trust. Acting President Goodlock Jonathan will vigorously pursue this vision of President Yeradua. The federal government will accomplish the passage of the Petroleum Bill into law within the year. The acting president wants to maintain a strong balance of foreign investment and local participation. Everyone must understand that Nigeria seeks greater benefit from its oil and gas resources but we still value our partnership with Western IOCs even though the Chinese, the Russians, and others have recently shown a tendency towards competitiveness. We must therefore deepen dialogue but swiftly move to accomplish an oil and gas regime that is equitable, stable, and sustainable and above all community and environment friendly. The year ahead the government will continue to support commercial farming initiatives that are viable but will also ensure that all government agricultural programs are implemented efficiently to minimize leakages, grafts, insider delays that do not benefit the agriculture sector. To this end the government intends to implement an overhaul of the system that delivers hundreds of billions to that sector, investment to be tied directly to results. We are aware that as a result of recent Central Bank of Nigeria's intervention, investors are closely watching the sector. The process of establishing an asset management company is now ongoing. As soon as this is concluded the company will be capitalized to buy toxic asset of the bank's balance sheet and help to reject liquidity into the system. Already the civilian has injected more than four billion dollars into affected banks. This year will be one of economic re-engineering and transformation in Nigeria. To accomplish this we have a world-class economic management team headed by the immediate past managing director of Goldman Sachs International. Good news from Nigeria is beginning to trickle in. Yesterday the Financial Times headline on Nigeria reads quote, Nigeria cabinet reshuffle lifts investors. Other great news of the heroism of ordinary Nigerians who on a daily basis preach peace, non-violently protest unjust policies that deny them their right to survival, or those who insist on a united, strong and equitable Nigeria are yet to be hailed across the world's major news outlets. These citizens, whether from the Niger Delta, the Kamodogu, Ugunwashu, or Nambura Basin, deserve commendation. Hubbled in communities and villages they are the heroes of Nigeria's struggle for what Dr. Jonathan called economic self-sufficiency and political maturity. The fight against corruption at all levels will be escalated. To achieve these anti-corruption structures will be strengthened and remandedated. The recent killing in Jaws have again brought the issue of human rights and peaceful coexistence to the fore. The federal government is determined to effectively put an end to all forms of impunity. To this end, hundreds of suspects in the Jaws case have already been arrested and are currently undergoing trial. Measures have also been taken to reassess and improve the security situation throughout the country so as to safeguard lives and property. The distance between government and civil society has been abridged and it is Dr. Jonathan's desire to work closely with civil society to identify cases of human rights abuse to ensure that they are addressed within the provisions of the law. For the first time in Nigeria, peaceful assembly and protests were not being visited by the ugly specter of violence, tear gas and buttons on the innocent. This momentum will have to be encouraged and where necessary government will pursue the enactment of new legislations to protect all generation of rights for all Nigerians. Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, the federal government of Nigeria continues to place high value on the relationship with the United States of America. And during the year ahead, we hope that it can be strengthened and particularly in the areas that I've just addressed. The charge given to Dr. Jonathan by 150 million Nigerians is that he must help unlock the many doors of hope to our country and deliver on the promise of good governance. This is an urgent task and it needs the support of us all. I thank you very much for your kind attention. Aronto, thank you so much for that eloquent statement. Let me open with just one broad question and then ask you to respond to that and then we'll open the floor and collect some thoughts, comments, questions from our other members here. I also want to thank Brian Kennedy for pulling all of this together from here at CSIS and neglected to thank you, Brian, at the outset. When you look at the transition that you're describing here and the very ambitious agenda, the acting president's been wise in trying to focus down on three priorities. Of the seven that President Yarajawa had enumerated, he's saying, OK, in this next transition period, make a big push in those special three, which is terribly complicated and difficult. Time is very short in this period. Time is going to be very short. Because of the nature of the transition, the incentives on many of the key players will be to delay, potentially. And there will be resistance from many quarters because of entrenched interest, because of the expectation that you enter the next cycle of competition that may reset the political boundaries or the realities. And the acting president is operating with only a partial mandate in some ways, with an ambiguous authority and mandate in moving this forward. So could you talk to us about what's your strategy to carry forward that as agenda on those three key items and be able to transcend the clear challenges around a very short timeline, a set of incentives that may favor people stalling or resisting, and perhaps less than complete authority and mandate and ability to sort of move that forward? Could you comment on those sort of broad questions and then we can open the floor? I think if you follow Nigeria closely, especially in the last three, four months, no Nigerian leader has received a kind of enthusiastic support that Dr. Jonathan has received. If you were to plot that on an opinion poll, you can say he has maybe 85% approval rating. So people will be his key ally in the processes as he drives those policies for change. The politicians as well will be allies, as you can see from the National Assembly response to getting the new constituted minister to work. It took less than three days for them to pass those ministers that were nominated. It means the National Assembly, despite the initial lukewarm, is now on board the process of delivering on good governance.  It's critical that in any political setting there will be those who will resist. If you want to lose a privilege, if you are used to having votes allocated to you so that you can go into becoming a local government chairman or a governor and you now have a process of transparent election where the leadership recruitment processes are based on electoral integrity, then you will want to resist. You want the old order to remain. However, strengthening the anti-corruption institution and insisting that the people's power prevail, I think it would be a positive antidote against those who may want to resist along those lines. If he's narrowing his priorities to three key areas, he's all part of his understanding that he cannot take everything within this short period, roughly 13 months period. You don't want to do everything within this short period. Just deliver on those urgent issues and allow the Nigerians to decide the next line of action as we approach a very important election in the coming months. So that will be my response. Thank you very much.


All right. Hello and welcome. My name is Evan and I am here for jaspyscasebreaks.com right now. We are about to do the second half of this case of encased 2021 from Panini football. We have the teams here. I'll run down the list. Thank you all so, so much for getting in. Here is the list of names. Pull that to the left so they can see what team they have. Absolutely. I think that distance is pretty good. You'll kind of see where the camera focus is. Again, thank you everybody for filling this out. Earlier we did a random number block here for Cincinnati, Dallas, Houston and for the New York Football Giants along with the Washington Contenders. Here is that. Again, this is the team list. Let's get into the break here. Four boxes. Second half of a case of encased football 2021 just came out today. Again, thank you everybody for getting in. This is Evan, my first break here on jaspyscasebreaks.com. Again, we got a lot in the store today. You can't possibly do any worse than Joe. Thanks Rex. It's been a while since I've seen you. Good to see you, my man. Rex used to come into all the whatnot streams and be like, hey, Joe, Joe told me to give me a free pack. Alright, here we go. Again, thank you everybody. Thank you, game use. You don't have to worry about Rex training. He already even trained. I'm not worried about it. Alright, our first card here is a nice one for the Houston Texans. That is one out of 10 Rookie Quarterback Davis Mills. So that would be from the random number block there. Oh, yeah. So that is a one out of 10. So it's just one out of 10? Yeah, so it's one out of 10. So that goes to number one. So that goes to Chris. There you go, Chris. 55 there, Davis Mills. Thank you so much. Alright, up next here we have an Archie Manning. Archie Manning patch 39 out of 50. And then pull your hands ahead right there so you got it all. 39 out of 50 here for the New Orleans Saints. Archie Manning. We have a rookie patch, big old patch here for Kyle Pitts from the Atlanta Falcons. That is 64 out of 75. Left him back a little bit. Big patch there for the Atlanta Falcons.  Sounds good to me. Let's do it. Let's freak out. Let's do it. For the final card from the pack here, we have Amir Smith Marseille with the skull insignia there. 27 out of 35 for the rookie scripted signatures there. That goes to the Vikings for the encased card from this box. Yeah, it was on in the store. This is the back to back to back to back to back to back to back. We have a BGS Mint 9 2021 Panini encased rookie endorsements on card auto. That is 44 out of 50. Cadarius Tony. That is a nine rookie card there for the New York football Giants. What was the auto grade? It was a 10. 10 on the auto there. So that is box number one. What does that go to? For the Giants, that is number 44. So that'll go to number four and that is Ron. There you go. Ron from the random number block. Evan has pulled big cards already on what not true. True true true, but we got to bring it to YouTube now. So for pack number two, here we go. Good luck to everyone. First card here is the X Kansas City receiver now. We have Mr. Tyree Kill. Tyree Kill, non numbered there. The new Miami Dolphin. That goes to the Kansas City Chiefs and to... Let's see, here that goes to Brandon. There you go, Brandon. Speaking of Amir Smith-Marcet, just had his autograph here, is his two colored patch out of 25. Six out of 25 here for the Minnesota Vikings. That goes to Dusty. There you go, Dusty. Nice two colored patch there for you. Out of 25. There you go. Nice there, Dusty. After that, we got another Thicken. And it is a beautiful tri patch here. 15 out of 15 for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Lauren, Kyle Trask. We have a two colored patch, two colored patch, and then a three colored patch. Again, 15 out of 15 triple relic there. Congratulations there, Lauren. I was ready for a second. Oh man, that little different reaction. Kyle Trask there, 15 to 15. And the final one here before the encased is a gorgeous on-card two out of 75 reserve signatures, Jerry Judy. That one will be going to the Denver Broncos and Matt. Thank you there, Matt. Again, that is two out of 75 for the encased card. Yeah, nice looking card for sure. I actually showed the card one more time after I top loaded. Okay. Here's that Jerry Judy. One more time. Yeah, nice and safe there in the top loader. Ah, nice. Najee Harris here. 31 out of 35 in a BGS95 with the auto A10 there. Beautiful. Again, that is 31 out of 35 on-card, 9.5, 10 on the auto for the Pittsburgh Steelers and for, let's see, we got Dusty once again there. Nice. Congratulations there, Dusty. So that does it for box number two. Already halfway done. Box number three here. The first card here is an Aaron Rodgers. Aaron Rodgers, non-numbered base there going to Green Bay. And that is going into Lorne. There you go. Aaron Rodgers. We'll zoom that out so you can see it there. Jamar Chase. That is three out of 50.  We have orange and white and black again. Three out of 50 here for the Cincinnati Bengals. That's going to be random number three. And that is going to Chris. There you go, Chris. Congratulations. Beautiful Jamar Chase. Quad patches there. There you go. Nice and sleeved up for you. After that, another big rookie here also in the quad patch. 53 out of 75, black, green, green and black. Mr. Zach Wilson. That'll be going to the New York Jets, J-E-T-S Jets, Jets, Jets. And Mr. Chris once again. There you go. Quad patchery of Zach Wilson for the Jets. Last card before the encased is the man who got paid today. Lots of money. Oh, for the next four years, he's making 141 million. Derek Carr, nine out of 10 here. That goes to the Las Vegas Raiders, as we were talking about earlier. The Golden Knights are just Vegas. That goes to the Las Vegas Raiders and to Timothy. There you go, Tim. Making the big bucks. Mr. Derek Carr. All right. That does it for box three minus the encased. The sick Venado. Boom. Upside down here for the Eagles. Those of you who know, we're a big Eagle shop here. 28 out of 35, running bag Kenneth Gainwell. 8.5 on the card. 10 on the autograph. Again, that is an on-card Kenneth Gainwell, notable rookie signatures. Going to Philadelphia and to Brody. There you go, Brody. So that does it for box number three, fourth and final box coming up here. Good luck to everybody. Box number four. We have a non-numbered base of Kurt Cousins here for the Minnesota Vikings. That'll be going to Dusty there as well. There you go, Dusty. After that we have Josh Palmer here. Josh Palmer for the Los Angeles Chargers. That is 46 out of 60. Big old blue patch there. That one goes to the Los Angeles Chargers and to Peter. Thank you, Peter. We have a Rashad Bateman. Rashad Bateman patch here. That is 45 out of 60. Rashad Bateman, future wave for the Baltimore Ravens. That'll be going to Aaron. There you go, Aaron. Last from the pack here is an Anthony Schwartz on-card auto. 32 out of 35 for the Cleveland Browns. That'll be going to Adam. Adam there with the rookie Adam Schwartz. 32 out of 35 for the Browns. Now to the last card here. Let's get nice encased here. Good luck. Jivanti Williams, 4 out of 50. That is a thick signature there. Nice big old black patch, right? And then we got a 10 on the auto. He's too strong, man. He's too strong. We need to keep that in mind for fantasy next year. This guy's a strong man. Jivanti Williams, 4 out of 50. 8.5 on the card 10 on the autograph. That'll be going to the Denver Broncos and Matt. There you go, Matt. Not too shabby. All right, thank you, everybody. My name is Evan again from jaspyscasebreaks.com. That was for the second break of 2021 Penini encased football there. And now we need to do... I forgot about this part. We need to do a wax party randomizer. We've got to give away a wax party promo spot. Let's give away a spot here. So we're actually going to... Do a new one? And then new tab list. List. And then let's highlight the encased sheet right there. And then press the button so we can go back to the list so they can see it. All right, so here's the list of people. I'm going to highlight it, put it into random.org. Then we're going to roll some dice. And four, it'll say in the promo description, but the number blocks don't count. Okay, so number blocks out. Take those names out. By your team straight up, ladies and gentlemen. And then clear out that blank list. There we go, we got Patrick down. And I was just Keith, just double check to make sure. Because sometimes I'll be on the other screen, I'm setting all this up, so make sure. I've done that a dozen times. I hear you. So now we're going to roll two dice, right? Always two dice. There we go, we got a one and a four for five times here. And name on top. Name on top, gets into the wax party. That's quite an incredible break. I pulled most of the boxes already. It is spectacular. Again, we're going five times here. This is number three, number four, and last time four, five. Good luck everybody. We got Dusty, congratulations Dusty. Scroll down again, just show them it was actually five. Actually five times right there. Dusty on the top and the bottom there. All right, so congratulations Dusty on getting a spot into the wax party. And that's that. Again, that was break number two of Incase Football 2021, which came out today. Again, thank you so much. My name is Evan, and we'll be back here at jaspyscasebrakes.com for any orders.


Hey everybody, Dr. O'Hare. This video I want to talk about two historical figures that are very important in microbiology. So we're going to start here with Igna Semmelweis and then we'll also cover Joseph Lister. They were both doing similar things just in different arenas. So Igna Semmelweis, he's credited with being the first physician that believed that hand washing would be important. So let's just put this in historical context. Because now we think about that as just absolutely ridiculous not to wash your hands. But in this time it was believed that diseases were caused by imbalances between good and evil spirits and the body's humors were critically important, miasmas like foul odors and smells were the cause of disease. You have to understand that he was way, way, way ahead of his time. So much so that there's a little legend here, it's hard to tell, but at least once if not two or three times he was actually let go of his position and had to move on because he just wouldn't give up on this idea that washing hands was important. So he began in the 1840s to start washing his hands with chloride of lime, which would be calcium hypochlorite kind of related to bleach. And he saw that prior to doing this people would be working on a dead body and then going to deliver baby and then up to 30% of the moms were getting this perperol fever and were not making it. So the hospital was a super dangerous place to come and have a baby. That's why midwives and doulas were so popular. So when he started washing his hands with this chloride of lime, he saw drastic reductions, but nobody really believed him. So he really was ahead of his time, but that's what I want you to know about him is crediting him with being the father of hand washing if you want to call it that. Now there are some legends that said that he washed his hands in some mercury or mercury based compounds, which sort of ties into this because it is believed that he ended up in an insane asylum and ended up dying in an insane asylum. So you wonder if something he was washing his hands with like potentially mercury could have led to some of that. Mercury is very neurotoxic. I don't know. I'm just kind of sharing some of the stories and legends that I've heard in this field. So that's Ignis Semawais. I hear I just have a picture of proper hand washing. So you can certainly take a look at that. But of course, we now know how critically important it is. So just imagine how far ahead of his time he was in the 1840s. So the other historical figure I want to talk about here. So this would be Joseph Lister. So you may recognize his name from Listerine. So Joseph Lister, seeing what pastor had been up to with the germ theory of disease, seeing that hand washing had been effective, at least in some case reports, and then also seeing that they were using chemicals, specifically carbolic acid, which we now call phenol, was being used. I think they called it creosote, but it was being used to treat sewage, to get rid of the foul smell of sewage.  So he decided what would happen if we use it on wounds directly. So Joseph Lister is giving credit for the first person developing aseptic surgery practices, if you want to call it that. So he had seen how well it worked controlling sewage. So he tried this carbolic acid, this phenol, on wounds directly. So here I have an actual picture of him. This would have been somewhere in the neighborhood of 1865. That machine right there in the middle of the picture is called the carbolic steam spray. He was using carbolic acid and using it in his surgical suites. So Joseph Lister is credited with creating these antiseptic surgical techniques. Again think about the time, the 1860s were looking at the Civil War area. Think about like a battlefield surgeon in the Civil War.  You were just as likely to die. Actually every war up to, I believe, World War I, you were more likely to die from infection than you were from actual battlefield wounds. So think about part of the reason why, how easily things were being spread. All right, so that is Ignis Semmelweis, who is credited with being the father of hand washing as an important clinical practice, and Joseph Lister, who moved those same types of techniques into the surgical suite. All right, have a wonderful day, be blessed.


Welcome to the NTN Nightly. I'm Nisha Charles. This edition stops stories. The Ministry of Education declares its intention to abolish corporal punishment in schools. The Department of Health and Wellness receives more support for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. St. Lucia's official culinary team for the taste of the Caribbean competition has been selected. All that plus the latest in youth development sports and the NTN Nouvelle Arquéon. The Ministry of Education, Innovation, Gender Relations and Sustainable Development has declared its intention to suspend and eventually abolish corporal punishment in schools completely. The move is in keeping with the many conventions that St. Lucia is signatory to with international agencies. Chief Education Officer in the Ministry of Education, Rafaena Charles, indicated that while the Education Act has no stated policy for the abolition of corporal punishment, it did contain structures in the Act that stipulated how corporal punishment should be administered. Charles added however that the Department must ensure that the mandates stipulated in the conventions which include protection of children are achieved. The Department has also embraced UNICEF's support, supported child-friendly schools framework or the effective schools framework and as a means to deal with violence against children. It looks at the implementation of quality standards that influence the well-being and the rights of children as learners. As such, we have embraced a framework of positive behaviour management practices in our school. To aid in the implementation process of the practices, the Department has established a working committee. The committee is also charged with the responsibility of deciding the required initiatives and implementation dates towards the eventual abolition of corporal punishment. These events include the sensitisation of the general public and training for educators on Ireland. In 2007, the Department established the Child-Friendly Schools Initiative, following which a pilot project was implemented at two schools. A rollout system was then started which included the addition of two schools per district per year. In 2014, we had conducted a national consultation on discipline and there was overwhelming support for a positive approach to discipline generally from stakeholders far and wide. It is not a new concept to introduce the idea of suspending corporal punishment altogether, considering the fact that so many schools already using the Child-Friendly Schools system and the effective schools framework. The Department of Education indicated that corporal punishment will be suspended for a year as it works towards the eventual abolition of corporal punishment. The Department of Health and Wellness continues to receive strong support from the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust in its effort to deliver prevention and treatment services for people with diabetes. A team from the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust recently visited Saint Lucia to review the work undertaken for the Diabetic Retinopathy Program. Communications Office of the Trust, Samantha Wood, says the visit will grant them the opportunity to meet healthcare professionals and patients to see how the program is executed. Wood believes the Diabetic Retinopathy Program will help to address the burden of diabetes in Saint Lucia. It is really important that the Trust are working in Saint Lucia with the Ministry of Health on our Diabetic Retinopathy Initiative. People don't need to go blind from having diabetes, so early intervention and screening will help this. So if people do have diabetes, make sure that you're getting your eyes checked so that you don't go blind from diabetes. Medical Office of Health, Dr Sharon Bilma George expressed enthusiasm to continue working with the Trust to improve the Diabetic Retinopathy Services on Island. One of the aspects of this program is definitely communication. So they're hoping to review the program at different levels and to get feedback of implementation to date. This program is extremely valuable to us as prior to the funding received through the Trust and also with the support of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. We were not able to do laser surgery for diabetics with eye problems within the island. Dr Bilma George also called on its inclusion to take advantage of the Diabetic Retinopathy Services available at the various primary healthcare centres. The Ministry of Health and Wellness, we continue to urge all of our diabetics, whether you are experiencing problems with your vision or not. We are urging everybody to please come in to get your eyes screened and checked. We provide clinics every Friday at the Cassuries Wellness Centre and presently at the Library Wellness Centre since our Viewport Wellness Centre is under repair. The Diabetic Retinopathy Program is managed by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and funded by the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust. Reporting from the Communications Unit of the Ministry of Health and Wellness, I am Fennel Neptune. Still on the issue of health, Air, Noose and Throat Services are expected to be enhanced at the Victoria and St. Jude Hospitals as a team from Canada visits to exchange their knowledge and expertise. More from Miguel Morset. Air, Throat and Noose Surgeon Dr. Mark Samaha along with a team of volunteers are leading the services to St. Lucia through training to physicians and also performing surgeries for patients in need. Dr. Samaha says such an initiative is important as it will promote the sharing of knowledge and learning from each other. I believe it is greatly beneficial to patients of St. Lucia to have the opportunity to have these services. It's beneficial to the local doctors who can work with us and we can exchange knowledge, information and experience. It is also beneficial for us because we get to learn about how the medical system here is, the kinds of issues that patients may have to deal with and through exchanges with the local doctors we also obviously learn. Minister for Health and Wellness Senator the Honourable Mary Isaac says she is extremely grateful for the service Dr. Samaha is providing which is extremely beneficial to St. Lucia. We have a young girl whose face was actually blown out with a flare gun. We have people with tumours, with deformities on their face. We have another gentleman that was electrocuted in a building in Castries and he has been going through extensive surgery in Colombia and here you have these doctors coming together here to assist us for free. So this is an invaluable service that we are getting here and these are good Samaritans that decided that they are going to assist these people to make them look a lot better than they actually look right now. Medical Director for Victoria Hospital Dr. Alicia Eugene says this activity will serve as a platform for the surgeons to work side by side and acquire valuable knowledge. Right now in Victoria Hospital we have one air nose and throat surgeon that's Dr. Sixtus Gabriel and not only will he be working along with them but he has the opportunity to learn and exchange his own experiences in St. Lucia which may be very different from what we have in Canada and not only will he have the ability to do some plastic surgery but I think we have patients, especially some cancer patients who have tumours on their faces or possessive cleft palate. Clients with conditions pertaining to air, nose and throat from the Victoria and St. Jude Hospitals benefited from medical services offered by Dr. Samaritans and his team. From the Communications Unit in the Ministry of Health and Wellness Miguel Morris at Reporting. And this is the NTN Nightly coming up the latest happenings in youth and sports with Ryan O'Brien. If you're HIV positive or have an STI having unprotected sex with multiple partners puts them in grave danger. You'll expose every partner and their present and future partners to HIV or another STI. Use a condom every time you have sex. You can live a productive life even if diagnosed with HIV. Remember early detection is key to your survival. Be responsible, protect yourself and others. Help stop the spread of HIV and other STIs. Welcome back. We join Ryan O'Brien for the latest happenings in youth development and sports. Hello once again. I'm Ryan O'Brien of your update from the Ministry of Youth Development and Sports. Four more matches were completed as the preliminary stage in the 2019 March United Schools Crooked Tournament continued Wednesday. At the Ballata Plain Field, current secondary maintained their unbeaten run in the tournament thus far by completing a comfortable 129-run victory over Cicero Secondary. Current secondary batting first in difficult conditions made 210 for five in their allocated 30 overs with Kieram Alfons stranded on a well-played 98-not-out. His innings included 7-4s and 10-6s. Other contributions came from Daniel Edwin with 16 and 13 each to Shahid Roberts and Makiel Nelson. Cicero Secondary's batting faltered and were dismissed for 81 in 28 overs. He win John 15 and Noel Leo 10 were the only batsmen to reach double figures. Bowling for current secondary, Lee Solomon had impressive figures of six wickets for nine runs. At the Larissus Plain Field, Archipel secondary registered a commanding 247-run victory over Clinton Mason Memorial. Archipel secondary winning the toss and batting first made 377 for eight in their allotted 38 overs with Efron Charles recording the second century of the tournament. Charles a former Winner Islands under 15 batsman batted superbly, choking a brilliant 102. Other useful scores came from Denzel Roberts with a well-played 56, Donnell Pappet 26, female player Zadia James 16 and Jaden Laffey 10. Bowling for Clinton Mason Memorial, Jacqueline Estefan collected 4 for 19, Curlan Severin 2 for 59 and Jason Regebert 2 for 9. In reply, Clinton Mason Memorial the winner was dismissed for 130 in 19.4 overs with Curvy DeTurbo making 25, Jason Regebert 24 and Ravi Lawrence 24. Bowling for Archipel secondary, Jaden Laffey back 5 for 24. At the Wend Plain Field in Monipole, Miku secondary dominated Granivier secondary by 9 wickets. Granivier secondary invited to bat first by Miku secondary, dismissed for 75 in 21 overs with Mayor Stanislas making 22. Bowling for Miku secondary, Decage Henry had best figures of 4 for 40, Marklin Estefan 3 for 15 and Brent Edward 3 for 20. Chasing a victory target of 76, Cody Lesmore with 18 not out and Nianne DeTurbo 60 not out brought Miku secondary to victory finishing on 76 for 1 in 11 overs. Another PI Plain Field, Chausel secondary enjoyed a convincing 177 run victory over Villefort Comprehensive secondary. Chausel secondary winning the toss and electing to bat made a respectful 237 all out in 41 overs with Darvel Edward top scorer for well played 71. Jim Peter 30 and Kirby Roseman 24 Bowling for Villefort Comprehensive, Bernard Kallix had figures of 4 for 44 and Christian Jabatis 2 for 18. In response Villefort Comprehensive dismissed for 60 in 16.5 overs during the damage with the ball for Chausel secondary, Ed Cooper 4 wickets without conceding a run. Minister responsible for youth development and sports, the Honorable Edmund Estefan has expressed pleasure that the St. Lucia Government was able to collaborate with the United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF on a landmark study on adolescents in St. Lucia. Minister Estefan's remarks came during a launch of the Subregion's first in-depth study on adolescents on Thursday. Naturally this allows and shows that St. Lucia is emerging as a touch bearer in the area of progressive social research and this research serves as a catalyst for social re-engineering. Through such a major research tool we'll be better able to engage communities in developmental change, in tackling poverty and to move towards achieving a more economically equitable, just and sustainable society. The youth development and sports minister further suggested that it was important to realize that if all appropriate research, programs aimed at change are likely to be based on implicit or assumed problems or in food community-based needs. And as we end today some more shots from the completion of the first training stint following the completion of a four-day stint at the VG Malipopo Sports Complex on Thursday. That's all from us at the Ministry of Youth Development and Sports today. I'm Ryan O'Brien. Thanks Ryan. The St. Lucia Hotel and Tourism Association has selected the official St. Lucia National Culinary Team for 2019. The team will represent St. Lucia in the annual Taste of the Caribbean Competition, one of the most prestigious culinary competitions in the region, more from Anissa Antoine. Fifty chefs from hotels and restaurants around the island participated in the National Culinary Competition which sought to select the team that will represent St. Lucia at the annual Taste of the Caribbean Competition. The emerging winners are Zaheem Kade with the title of Chef of the Year, Clayton Julian with the title of Junior Chef, Chef Ricardo Hoswe with the title of Seafood Chef, Imani Hippolit in the pastry competition and Steffi Marius in the chocolate competition. Chef Richardson Skinner is the team manager of the St. Lucia National Culinary Team for 2019. The SLHT culinary committee along with its partners and sponsors worked very hard in the preparation and execution of this competition with two main objectives in mind. One is to establish the new 2019 SLHT culinary team for St. Lucia and two which I think is most important for us is to be able to evaluate the level of our culinary professionals on the island. We wanted this competition to have a purpose, to have a meaning and this is why we decided to make our judging criteria so meticulous and so detailed. The Caribbean's best chefs and culinary teams have been participating in talk since 1993. Last year, the St. Lucia National Culinary Team won gold for Best Vodka Cocktail and silver for Culinary Team of the Year, Best Pastry Chef of the Year, Junior Chef and Bartender of the Year. President of the SLHTA Carolin Tripetskoi says these chefs play a vital role in showcasing the tourism product. I have nothing but the greatest respect for the culinary teams that I have encountered in these competitions over the years and the tremendous potential and skills that these teams have showcased. With the rise of social media, a picture on Instagram or Facebook of a beautiful dish has the potential to attract as much attention and interest in our destinations as, for example, a picture of our petal mountains and this is why I consider all chefs, whether they're going to be part of the national culinary team or not, very important ambassadors for St. Lucia and for the Caribbean at large. The selected chefs for the St. Lucia culinary team as well as a substitute team will soon commence the training process for the taste of the Caribbean competition. From the Government Information Service, I am Anisia Antoine reporting. And stay with the NTA nightly up next, Primers Hutchinson is here with the NTA Nouvelle Aquéol. With just one click, the internet connects people, businesses and nations. Being connected can open a world of information and opportunities. You can get services and products of your choice much faster, from electronic financial transactions to connecting with family and friends, from being up to date with the latest news and information to learning new skills and acquiring academic qualifications, the convenience of your home or wherever you roam. Get connected today. This message is brought to you as a public service announcement by ECTEL, the NTRC and this station. Welcome back. We join Primers Hutchinson for the NTA Nouvelle Aquéol. Ladies and gentlemen, Department of U.S. Charter for the Government Information Service, that is GIS, National Television and NTA Nouvelle Aquéol. Primers Hutchinson. This is where I found the UNICEF Red Organization to help guide the development among young people who came out of a large area to find a young adult. It means to find an adult in a large area. This is done for all these types in Kareb-la. This is done for the Government to implement WEG to help place these young adults there. This is done for the Government to help link education, equality, protection, and health. This is done for the children who came out of a large area to find a young adult. This is done for the Government to implement WEG to help the development among young people. This is done for the Government to implement WEG to help the development of WEG to help anyone who came out of a large area. This is done for all these young people who came out of a large area to bring education, and then do the lads who came in with the help of the example of Eric Twerfaw from the photos of those two children. This is done to support the development of WEG for the development of many young adults So, in your opinion, what do you think about the idea of developing a GENESPA? Well, it's a bit necessary because we don't have to study, we don't have to gather. So, we don't just take a guess, but actually we don't have to study, we don't have to study statistics, we don't have to decide about the season. And actually we don't have to directly decide what we're going to do. The Ministry of Social Development for Social Transformation, Equality for Social Justice, and the other thing like that, we have Leonard Montaud, declared that it was necessary to collect more information. And the Ministry of Social Development and the government, in general, to implement it in the best way possible to help make this a success. Because what we have to do for the poor is to work. Who can work? Who can make a change? Who can make a change? And also, who can't do what is necessary to do? And what is the situation between us and GENESPA? What we have to do is to connect with the government, to go to the government, and also to have a program to organize GENESPA with the government. For this reason, it is very important because from now on, we don't want to do anything good, but we don't want to do any work, we don't know if we can make a success. So we have to look at the report, we have to collect the information, we don't want to do anything good, we don't want to do anything good, we don't want to do anything bad, but what is the situation between GENESPA and GENESPA? Apart from the official GENESPA, it was Representative Rod UNESCO, Secretary of Public Health, Minister of Social Development, Equality Justice, Madame Valde-Joseph, and the official minister, and the students of the second-year school of Saint-Joseph's Convent. Ministry of Education, I have declared attention to how it is to make the institutions, that is to say, teach schools to fight the students with their opinions in school. This minister's attention to abolish the salary clearly, because this is the starting point for the international agreement to make the salary. Chief Officer of Education, Rufeno Charles has declared that the law of education that will govern the salary will allow me, frankly, to make the salary the same place to make the way it can be done. Madam Charles has also remarked that the Department has abolished the UNICEF objective to protect the children of the school, the head of education, and also the committee in place that has decided in which way to implement the UNICEF and to be able to abolish the punishment of the school. This is also a session to educate the public, generally, as if not the UNICEF has found good support for the concentration of the Department of Education that has implemented the salary to be able to abolish the punishment of the school clearly. Who is this authority for national conservation in collaboration and national trust of this to organize a portrait that gives you a meaning to protect the children of the school mainly to establish the UNICEF and also to protect the beach objective is to preserve the UNICEF in the form of more activities and to place a bomb to put the children who have found the UNICEF I want to say that it is very important for the UNICEF to declare that this is the level of the salary and to put the children on the beach to place a bomb to place the children on the beach. This is mainly to educate and encourage the people not to destroy the children and to place the children on the beach. Officers of communication for national trust explain that this is a plastic problem Excellent, Madam Charles I never stop to make this change which is necessary to reduce this pollution problem especially in the sea because it can only affect the life of the sea but also the land The UNICEF is the 9th school that participated in a program to refresh the commission to continue to protect the environment and also protect the people The UNICEF I want to say to make this a business thank you to support this business thank you in the best way to control this especially plastic I want to say that it is necessary to educate the students in the best way to manage and control this plastic problem on the beach which is $6,000 to help with reservation and protection To finish the first phase I want to say that the UNICEF and also the UNICEF have participated in several experiments to protect the beach on the beach This is the school that participated in this program It is called Sekadeh Gozileh It is called Sekadeh Gozileh It is called Sekadeh Opiei This is what we are going to do with the news Thank you so much for watching Thank you for your invitation I want to say thank you Thank you Pil Primers And here's a look at what's happening to us weather wise A high pressure system over the Atlantic will continue to maintain moderate to brisk easterly winds around the eastern Caribbean region during the next few days Low level clouds drifting with this wind flow will bring a few showers over the islands during the next 24 hours Small craft operators and sea beavers are advised to exercise caution due to brisk winds and above normal seas The seas moderate to locally rough with waves and northerly swells 5 to 8 feet or 1.5 to 2.4 meters The sun will rise Friday at 6.20 am And that brings us to the end of the NTN Nightly Join us next time at 7pm with a repeat at 7am You can also catch up with us anytime on the Senusia Government Facebook page or YouTube channel I'm Nisha Trout