So, we have been talking about how things move and in particular we have been looking at how things move passively by diffusion over the last few lectures. So, today what we look at is sort of starting to describe the environment in which these things move and how do we describe the laws of physics in in these environments. So, we will describe the fluids, we will develop the equations for the fluid flows in biological context. So, water is basically everywhere right cells are swimming in water, organisms are swimming in water, inside of cells is also mostly water with proteins and so on and so forth mixed in. And therefore, it is so all of this diffusion transport, transcription, translation all of this is happening in this fluid background. So, it is good to understand, it is important to understand how to describe these fluids in the biological context. When I say it is water, does a biological protein or a cell, E. coli or paramecium or whatever which is swimming in water does is its experience or would its description of water be the same as how we experience water. So, that is sort of the thing that we will try to describe. What are the properties we can use to describe fluids and what they mean at these biological length scales and these biological time scales. So, we have been looking at diffusion and as we saw. So, diffusion is a major driver of transport of molecules in this nano or this micron sized world of biology. It is a dissipated process in that it tends to erase ordered arrangements of molecules. So, if you started off with the delta function like we saw eventually you will go to a flat peak through a Gaussian and so on. So, it tends to erase any order that you might have eventually tends to erase any order that you might have in the system. Similarly, viscous friction that dominates mechanics in the nano world. This is also dissipative it tends to again erase ordered motion and it converts it into random energy or thermal energy. So, this viscosity of this viscous friction is what we will try to talk about today, how to characterize it and quantify it. So, underlying this is the sort of idea that how does how do fluid flows, how do these fluid environments or these fluid backgrounds differ depending on these biological scales. So, for example, if I have a bacteria with swims in water versus a fish with swims in water, it will turn out that the strategies that it uses in order to propel itself will be very different for this bacteria as opposed to this fish. And that is because if you write down the equations of motion for this fluid, you will see that the terms which are important will be very different whether depending on whether it is a bacteria or depending on whether it is fluid. So, if the terms in these equations are very different, the terms which play an important role are different although the underlying background equation is the same, the relative importance of the different terms varies. And it will turn out that because of these differences, these organisms which are at very different length scales this is at the micron scale, this is at centimeters or whatever meters, if you have big fish or humans or whatever, the strategies that they have evolved in order to transport themselves in this fluid background, they also turn out to be very different. So, eventually over the next two or three lectures, we will sort of try to see what sort of strategies these biological organisms which live in this micron scale, microstence of microns whatever at scales such as these, what sort of strategies they have evolved in order to propel themselves in this fluid background. And again at the back of all of this is a lot of experiments for example, you can track how fluid flows behave around this. So, this is if I am not this is Plasmodium over here on the left and that is some fish if I get what fish some some fish it is called. And you can map out the fluid flows around this organism this or that as it moves through water ok. So, for example, here are the vector fields. So, fluid I would characterize it by a density and a velocity. So, as a fluid. So, you have some fluid or whatever that is say flowing. So, as it is flowing it has some velocity field which might depend on space and on time. So, it can depend on space and it can depend on time. And what these arrows show you are these velocities. So, this black dot over here so, this black dot over here is this algae and it is moving I think in this direction. And this arrow show the velocity the velocity vector field of the fluid as it moves through the fluid. Similarly for the fish again you can do this.  And again you can construct velocity vector vector fields of the velocity as this fish swims through the water. So, this fish is again swimming in this way. And what you will notice is that the scales are very different. So, for example, for this algae the scale is around 10 microns. So, this scale bar over here is 10 microns for this fish that scale bar is 1 centimeters. The velocities with which they move is also very different. This is roughly of the order of 10s of microns. So, this is around 80 microns per second that is of the order of centimeters. So, that is around 10 centimeters per second. And we will what we will try to do is that we will try to come up with properties of the fluids. So, for example, viscosity and combine them with the properties of the object that are moving in this fluid. So, for example, the length scales or the velocities of this bacteria or algae or whatever and try to come up with a way to sort of quantify what sort of terms will be important when we are looking at the physics of this swimming. So, what we will basically first try to do is that we will first try to derive the equations that govern fluid flow and that equation as you may know is called the Navier-Stokes equation called the Navier-Stokes equation ok. So, firstly I will try to derive that. Solving the Navier-Stokes equation is a very difficult task in the most general case and I will explain why later on. But at least you can do some sort of numerical you can do numerical simulations. So, this is one particular case of a paramecium which is swimming in some viscous flow. These are actual experiments where you can construct the velocity field of this paramecium as it moves. You can then solve these solve this hydrodynamic equations and you can compare with this. So, for example, let us forget the streamlines if you look at this velocity contour map. These are the top panel of the experiments, the bottom panel are the simulations based on this Navier-Stokes equation and you can reproduce a lot of the effects it a lot of the observations that you see in these experiments. So, the a key sort of quantity that tells us what sort of terms will be important in this Navier-Stokes equation is what is called this Reynolds number which is a measure of how strong the inertial forces are compared to how strong the viscous forces are and I will deal with this a lot. I will go into more detail about what I mean by this after we have done the Navier-Stokes equation. How many of you have done some amount of hydrodynamics before? Continue mechanics. The rest fine. So, I will do a very loose derivation, but it should hopefully be instructive. The thing is that so, we have this Reynolds number we have this Reynolds number which tells us the relative magnitude of the inertial forces inertial forces to the viscous forces. So, if inertia dominates then you have this if you are writing the Newton's laws of motion you would have that m d a d t term which would play a dominant role. So, the physics in the regime where inertial forces dominate is the physics of the macro world is the physics of Newton's laws that we are sort of more familiar with ok. So, when Reynolds number is much much larger than 1 that corresponds to the macro world in some sense. I am still keeping this very loose I will make this a little more rigorous as we go along. On the other hand if viscous forces dominate then you get to what the environment that you see is what the environment that these biological microorganisms swim in. So, this is the biological world I should not say maybe biological I should say cellular something. So, the scales of these microns the Reynolds numbers for these fluid flows will be much turn out to be much smaller than 1 and the physics at these scales at these low Reynolds number will look very different from the normal physics that we are more generally used to. So, here for example, is this is a very famous experiment it is called the pitch drop experiment. This is one of the world's longest running experiments it was started in 1927 and it still goes on ok. The person who started the experiment has died I think the second person has also died somebody else is carrying on the experiment. So, this is an experiment where you just let you this person fill the jar with pitch and he allowed the pitch to drop and roughly one drop of pitch falls at the rate of I think 10 to 12 years. So, every 10 to 12 years you have one drop of pitch falling from this upper conical thing to this lower beaker ok. So, in this 1927 to current today 9 drops have fallen people are waiting to see the 10th drop which is why this website is called the 10th watch. It has a live stream where you can watch if you are completely bored out of your mind you can go and watch nothing happen. I think the 10th drop is scheduled to fall sometime in 2022 or something if all goes according to plan. So, these are extremely viscous objects. So, this is pitch I forget what exact kind of pitch it is, but these are extremely viscous. If you were going to travel through pitch you can imagine as opposed to air for example, if you are trying to walk through a thing a medium which was as viscous as this you might guess the strategies that you use to sort of walk around this room may not be very suitable to the strategies you would need to deploy if you were living in such an environment. And as it turns out the biological environment is closer to this than to air. So, microorganism which is swimming inside a cell or whatever in water or something feels its environment as something as if it is moving through this blob of pitch. So, that is the sort of qualitative difference. If you look at the viscosity of pitch I think from these experiments I might be wrong. So, the viscosity of water the viscosity of water is around 10 to the power of roughly around 10 to the power of minus 3 past 12 seconds. And the viscosity of this pitch that they have measured from this pitch drop experiments is something of the if I remember correctly is something like 10 to the power of 10 times that of water. So, around 10 to the power of 7. So, these are extremely extremely viscous. It is of almost unimaginable for us to think about or to contemplate about moving in environment that looks like this, but that is precisely what cells do. To show another fun experiment and again many of you may have seen this before. So, here is an experiment where they have a beaker filled with some viscous substance I think this was corn syrup and they place a dye. How many of you have seen this experiment? Good most of you. So, you place a dye in it and you rotate the inner cylinder with respect to the outer cylinder in a circular motion. And so, it places many dyes I think three colors so on. And as you rotates the they rotate this two cylinders with respect to one another, what you will see is an apparent mixing of these dyes as you would normally expect. So, you rotate the cylinders with respect to one another and these three colors the red, blue and the green they sort of mix to one another. At some point he will stop and he will start to rotate it in the reverse direction ok. So, this is the well mixed sort of limit where all the three colors are apparently mixed into one another and now he stops and he sort of yes because they want to make sure that the forward motion and the reverse motion are as closely opposite to one another as possible. So, they do not want to set up itself to sort of rotate they do not want to disturb the setup itself. He is doing it very slowly in a controlled fashion. So, as you rotate it in this reverse direction what you will see as opposed to this normal mixing that one might be familiar with is that the colors those blobs of dyes will come back to their original position they sort of unmixed from one another. So, this is not something that you would expect if you were to mix if you were to take three this is not something that you would expect if you were to take three random drops of dry in water and you do this no matter how you do this in a very nice way and you reverse it you will never get this sort of very clean unmixing. So, what is going on here from those of you who have seen the video is this violation of the second law of entropy yes Krishna. Generally I say that you know when things have mixed up together I have increased the entropy everything is sort of well mixed and I would expect that the second law of thermodynamics tells me that you know once I have achieved this high entropy state I should not be able to come back to this well separated or unmixing sort of state. So, what is the what is going on over here? The thing that goes on is that this is not really a true mixing in that sense because this fluid is so viscous what happens is that all this rotation does is that it stretches this blob.  So, it sort of stretches this blob and it stretches this blob ok. So, it is still a single blob even in this limit where it looks like it is completely mixed even here what you have basically done is that you have taken this blob and you have stretched it and stretched it, but it is still a single blob which is not really mixed with the other dice ok. So, and this is possible because this is such a highly viscous liquid then when you unmix it you are slowly reversing back the shear that you have given and eventually you will come if you do it slowly enough and you are controlled enough fashion you should be able to come back to this original initial condition that we started off with. So, it is although it looks to be mixing this is a sort of apparent mixing in that what is happening is what is called a laminar flow is called a laminar flow where you stretch out this blob without truly mixing the different colors. So, again this is something that is characteristic of this low Reynolds number of flows it is very difficult to mix it is difficult to mix highly viscous liquids it is easier to mix liquids which have low viscosity for example. Another example this is again a very classic example done in the 1950s by this famous person called G.I. Taylor from Cambridge and this is actually a small part of a movie that he has on this low Reynolds number of flows not movie a documentary let us say it is an hour long documentary you can watch it if you are interested. So, here is again a dye which is being injected into a syrup this is again a very highly viscous syrup because the viscosity is so high the dye does not even penetrate too much. So, generally if I just put it it would get mixed, but because this viscosity is so high and or rather what is the more relevant quantity is this Reynolds number the Reynolds number for this is very low this dye does not mix at all it sort of gets into this blob and just sits there. So, this is I am sorry for the quality. So, this is this corn syrup then he has a bunch of other beakers which has glycerine which is slightly which has a slightly higher Reynolds number. So, the Reynolds number is Reynolds number of syrup is smaller than the Reynolds number of glycerine which is the second beaker and then I think he has glycerine plus water glycerine plus water and the fourth beaker has water. So, the this is the lowest Reynolds number this this is the third one right yeah. So, this is glycerine plus water where it sort of penetrates the whole depth, but it does not really disperse and this is a Reynolds number of around 200 again I will come to what this Reynolds number is exact definition, but this is a higher Reynolds number than this glycerine. And finally, he will do it for water which has even higher Reynolds number and this is something that we would expect based on a normal macro world sort of an experience ok.  So, depending on the viscosity of the fluid or more accurately depending on the Reynolds number of so, which depends on the velocity as well as the size of this of this jet you will get mixing to completely different aspects. So, if you would simply look at the movie over here and this movie for con syrup versus this movie for water you would see that the physics that is going on is very different in these two cases right and that is what we will sort of try to quantify as we go along that what are the terms in this Navier-Stokes equation that will dominate the description of this con syrup versus what are the terms that will dominate the description of this water. Why is the this one? So, this is because I am not really very sure, but it also as it sort of accumulates it also exerts some force back because of this viscous friction. So, it has not fallen a large enough amount and exerts some force back that force is not necessarily perpendicular to the surface. So, that so, I would assume so, this is a guess I would assume that sort of plays a role in in the fact that that over there where it does not penetrate a lot it seems to go a bit wobbly over there, but at at the nozzle. So, basically he controls experiments such that at the nozzle the velocity is exactly the same for and the not for all the four cases and the nozzle is also of exactly the same radius in all the four cases. So, the initial conditions for this die are exactly this all that differs this liquid all right.


In May 2012, Interpol launched Operation Black Poseidon, a one-month operation involving police, customs, prosecutors, investigators and intellectual property crime experts across five countries in Eastern Europe – Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Turkey and Ukraine – and with the financial support of the European Commission. This operation has again revealed increasingly elaborate methods used by transnational organised criminal groups to traffic illicit goods as a major source of funding. A wide range of products targeted by these criminal networks include computers, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cigarettes, electronics, cameras, alcohol, music and films, among others. Operation Black Poseidon carried out 1,700 interventions at key locations such as land, sea and airport border control points in addition to markets, shops and street vendors. Interpol is pleased to announce that more than 1,400 individuals have been arrested or are currently under investigation, and illicit goods with a market value of over €120 million have been seized. Experience has shown that cooperation with the private sector, especially in providing access to specialist knowledge about their brands and related trade market infringements, is essential to enable police and law enforcement to be successful in combating the transnational organised criminal networks behind trafficking in illicit goods.


The all-progressive Congress has argued the Supreme Court ruling on the owner of a political lecture. That's after it validated Governor May Malabbouni's Caretaker Committee planning convention, rather planning committee. The party said the court affirmed the position he held temporarily and that was akin to executive office or paid employment as a visage by section 183 of the Constitution. The legality of Bouni's leadership has been subjected to different interpretations of the recently delivered judgment of the court. On the under-governorship election in favour of Governor Ratimi Akiridulu. Akiridulu secured a slim 4-3 victory over his PDP challenger A. Taiyo Jagade at the court. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


aren't we more dangerous to birds and animals than firecrackers? See, about this sudden concern for animals and birds, you need to understand this, every day we are slaughtering over two hundred million animals on this planet for our food. If we eat half the meat that we are eating, every day you could save hundred million animals. If you're an animal lover, that's what you should do, you should go to the slaughterhouse and you need to understand that kebab you love was an animal some time ago. We froze that you were eating, was a very lovable animal just a while ago and the chicken on your plate was a bird. Will it be possible for you, Sadhguru, to convince the governments to maybe cut one percent of their budget on military spending and let children have firecrackers to develop?


Welcome back to the Sports Max when we start things off with track and field. Jamaica once again dominated the medal table at the just concluded 51st staging of the Carifta Games held at the Easter weekend of the Kirani James Stadium in the Spice Isle of Grenada. Jamaica compiled 84 medals, 45 gold, 23 silver and 16 bronze. The Bahamas second with 34 medals, 9 gold, 13 silver and 12 bronze. TNT picked up 4 gold, 11 silver and 12 bronze to finish the championship with the number 3 spot in the medal table. Host Grenada finished with 14 medals, 1 gold, 6 silver and 7 bronze making them the only other country to reach double figures. The Guyanese finished 4th in the medal table as well. A total of 11 records were broken over the 3 day event. Here's a look at the record breakers and the events that they contested. The first record of the meet on Friday was achieved by the Antigone Malik Francis and the boys under 17 Javelin and there was a 400 meter on the 17 record as well for Nicole Bramwell the Jamaican who smashed Usain Bolt's record and a significant number of field events records there including Javante Smith, the boys shot put, the girls Javelin, Dori Rae Scott and the long jump for girls, Jané Degans who was the Austin Seely Award winner, triple jump winner, Jada Robinson of Jamaica, pole vault records for Jules and Roll from the Bahamas and Saint Lucia and for the boys pole vault with Brendan Vanderpool as well. So a lot of field events, records broken at the championship, Trinidad and Tobago's Jané Degans was named winner of the prestigious Austin Seely Award that honors the top performer at the 3 day meet. The 17 year old smashed the girls on the 20 long jump record during the morning session of Monday's final day and later returned to anchor the Twin Island Republic to a silver medal in the girls on the 24 by 400 relay. We are pleased to be joined on the phone by Sportsmax TV editor-in-chief and track and field analyst Layton Levy, Layton, welcome to the Sportsmax zone, great to have you on as usual. Hey Lance, how are you doing? Hi Maria, long time I haven't seen you guys but you know it's the circumstances. Yeah, well let's start with the fact that most of the records broken were in field events significantly at all pole vault and javelin marks achieved and this probably tells us something about the upsurge of non-track standards at the Carifta Games generally. Yeah, and it's across the board I think in the Caribbean, look at what has been happening in the last two decades or so Lance, the field events in the Caribbean have picked up tremendously. When you look at for example Anderson Peters who is from Grenada, the world champion and of course a perennial contender at a global level. You look at what has been happening in terms of the long jumps and the triple jumps in terms of what Jamaica and the rest of the Caribbean are doing respectively. It's not really a surprise when you look at the throws for example where the Jamaica has had Travis Michael and Frederick Laker doing global, I mean contending at a global level. So what we're seeing across the Caribbean is a spread of the depth of talent that's emerging now and it's beginning to manifest itself at the Carifta Games level which is very encouraging indeed. Yeah, of course we've already established that even when we were previewing the games last week that there was very little chance of Jamaica being troubled as the top medal winning team. They have been doing so since 1985 on broken and again a solid performance from the Jamaicans but we are seeing a rise in some of the other countries challenging TNT and Bahamas over the past few decades have had their moments at the Carifta Games but I was particularly impressed Leighton with the Guyanese and the way they showed themselves up over the past three days in Grenada. Absolutely that's one of the things but before you mentioned that the best mentioned Trinidad and Tobago but because Mariah is on set but I think their performance this year has suggested that I think they finally are getting the things right at the N3 and Trinidad where Trinidad was one of those countries that has so much talent but has not been reflected at the Carifta level for a few years for them to end up with 27 medals and you know in many instances silver and a couple of gold medals as well it suggests that things are moving in the right direction in Trinidad finally and I hope it continues but from Guyanese clearly there is a plan of footing there and I think going forward I think given the issue with the elements of population and now the resources that Guyanese has at their disposal there could be a threat to the Jamaican dominance at the Carifta games in years to come. Those four gold medals were quality gold medals when you look at what Springer has done and of course Malacay lost in the 400s and the mixed relay is how impressive they were in the dominance in which they won that and of course Atalia Hicks and I hope our preference are first in right in the 100 meters it tells you that Guyanese beginning to put together a program that will make them a legitimate threat in the years to come and I was very impressed with their performances overall because not only they win gold medals but the standards at which those medals were achieved was extremely high indeed. Yeah very very impressive stuff from Guyanese there sometimes when we're talking on the zone lately you know I've always been telling Lance that I feel as if we need to figure out what's happening in Guyanese because it's not only in track and field they've really been excelling when it comes to football they've been excelling in cricket as well so of course sport on the whole in Ghana is on our eyes and I know we really just have to look forward to see what else the country produces so it's good for us as a Caribbean it's good competition by extension. Now back to Trinidad and Tobago because I want to hear your take on Janita Gans getting that Austin Silly award. I don't begrudge her the award but I think it could have gone to I mean there is no specific criteria for the award so I'm not going to complain about the guns winning that of course knockout on the 18 champion last year. She's clearly made a big step forward six meters 50 is the number three on the 20 jump in the world this year. But having said that Michelle Smith from the USVI or 56 26 in the in the tone in the four meter hurdles is also the number three time in the world on the 20 as well. And she also had the number 16 time in the eight hundred which she won. So I'm not going to begrudge Janita Gans because I think it's well deserved and of course based on what Austin Silly the man who the award is named after says you know who might argue with that. But I think that award that this year could have gone to anyone or perhaps two or three other athletes who were outstanding at the champions which actually speaks of the quality of the champions this year. But you know what this are for the good and the guns that I think it all goes well for for what looks like clearly a very solid career going forward. The six meters 50 is the best the world leader on the 20 level is six meters 66. She's not that far away. And given what we've seen from her past 60 of the past few years it suggests that she's her trajectory is moving the right direction. So this is this can only be an additional boost for her as she continues to progress in the sport. And I think what we see from her clearly has to be an inspiration for other traders and athletes. We've seen a number of them at the character of the character games this year. And I think it's time Trinidad start to show what they're truly capable of. And I think this could be the start of something good for Trinidad today. Yeah. Yeah. And late now quick word on the prestige associated with this honor because names like using bolt of course are Kirani James would have received this award. And it's so important for these youngsters to recognize the importance of the Austin City Award where the career games are concerned. Yes. Absolutely. I mean you forget your heartbreak as well. Yeah. You know there the list goes on further. The quality athletes who have gone on and won this award are usually gone on and transition into very successful senior careers. So this is this is not being a big big feather in the cap of Janet again. So I think you know it's again looking at recognizing the talent emerging from the Caribbean. And this award kind of pinpoints some of those athletes who usually go on to get the things of your member Brianna Williams went back to back awards a couple of years ago. And of course she'd gone on to become Olympic gold medalist and award champion of silver medalist in the release. So you know it's just another example of what this award means for those standing athletes of the character games. Right. And I want to focus a bit now on the Jamaican. So of course top the table. Nikoi Bram well shattering Usain Bolt's record in the under 17 400 meter and of course walking away with the gold as well. Your take your analysis and how he went about his business. Oh look Nikoi Bram well for me is actually one of my favorite athletes. He is an athlete that epitomizes confidence. And if you remember in the Bahamas last year where he after he won he said the Bahamas were talking too much which is one of the reasons why he produced the performance that he did. There was no that there wasn't much of that controversy this time around except for to talk about to make himself but you should be careful. He might wake the dragon and that's let's get back to Bramble. The thing is I think Nikoi Bramble has demonstrated that he is a talent and if he can stay healthy because he's had his injury issues over the years he will be a factor. When you look at how much sure his performances were both in the flat four and in the relays where he is strut is 400 strategies seems to be no that race pattern that race plan that he has is no cemented. And I think if he continues to progress at the rate at which he is progressing I mean you don't break your same boss record that has stood for 22 years. You know you know noticing that this kid is something special here and potentially can make that transition to the senior ranks where Jamaica finally seems to be getting back into its into its former years of having great 400 meter runs like I heard back here with Bertam and others. The reality is that this kid could go on to become something special for Jamaica as well. Antonio wants to of course be the latest product of World Champion the first in 40 years. But Nikoi Bramble I think has the talent and the mentality to be to make that eventual transition to the under 20 that the first of all and then eventually to the senior ranks. If he manages to stay healthy and manages to stay focused I think you know you don't appreciate the skies a little bit for this young. Yeah. You know we're going to discuss the character games in more detail on Wednesday show and Ricardo returns to the show. But I want quickly for you to make a few comments on a couple of athletes here and I'll start with the Devonte Howell. They came in and 100 meter champion Barbados born and came into the meet a little off color 10 5 is PR coming. Well he sees his best coming to to Grenada. But a victory in 10 1 5 to retain his title was smashing and he exuded a lot of quality in his victory. Yeah. And he said it. I mean he said I mean he was pretty much written off. But 10 1 5 is just four hundredth of a second outside. I used on Johan Blee's record which is 10 1 1 which has stood for a while now. So it tells you just how much quality this young man has. And of course if you remember last year he didn't get an opportunity to to you know put it this way. Having one last year you know coming into this year he wasn't. He wasn't perhaps the favorite to win. And for him to deliver that performance against a quality field including Jaden Reed and the youngster from Jamaica who both look very impressive in this in the semifinals. You know that he could deliver that performance against such quality because one of key things about championships you know is being able to produce the goods against the best of the best at that level. And that's exactly what he did. And he did it in impressive fashion. So I would very very impressive performance. Yeah pity that with K-man finishing one two in the 100 they weren't able to put together a quartet to challenge for the four by one one relay Leighton. But let's move quickly to the ladies because we spoke about them in general earlier on. But Athalia Hingston the 100 champion and Tiana Springer only 16 years old dominant in her four hundred and two hundred meter victories. Very very special talent is she. Oh yes absolutely. When you look at you know for Higston for example when she ran that two hundred meter final if you remember that three East was a heavy favorite and that three East had to fight tooth and nail just to get that win.  And what you saw with this young lady that she believes that she could have won the two hundred regardless of the fact that she may or not have been the favorite. And she had she fourth East to be deeper than she probably has never done before. I've never done before. And you can see the talent is purely there. As for Springer look I would not be surprised to see this girl go to Rolanda 20 champions and do what she might not win. But she certainly will do Ghana proud. And I think in the years to come given the fact that she's only 16. You know she's she's still at the beginning stages of her physical development. And I'm looking to see what she can do in the next two to three years. Should she remain healthy.  And of course speaks to that confidence afterwards. You know you can tell that this is young lady who was a lot a lot in store. And it's a very special talent coming out of Ghana. I hope that she finds a proper program to transition into eventually and because if she gets the right coaching and the right management that keeps her focused she's going to be a talent to look forward to in two or three years senior level. Yeah. And what we just looked at was her two hundred meter win was it. Her four hundred meter victory also displayed Layton a lot of quality in her in her strategy in the race because the two Jamaicans had come out of the semifinals looking strong. But they they were they I think they burnt themselves out the first two hundred and fifty meters. And what was impressive about Springer is that she was a phase down the back stretch when they went away from her. She relaxed and kept her composure. And when she came storming at the field in the final in the home stretch there was no one who could hold her off. So that told me that even though she's in her first year as a senior from Curve the Game Standards she has the mental capacity to to to do well at crunch time. Yeah. She trusted her real strategy. She made her move about one hundred and twenty meters to go in. Duckry and of course Douglas looked like they were going to win a Jamaican one two. And she turned into perfection. And it tells you that she trusted her strategy. She knew what her race plan was. We speak to the maturity of the athlete as well because you find yourself five to ten yards behind people. The two that people thought were going to be probably the first to the one two for Jamaica and then to storm past them with such comfort. They look at how she held her form and her composure going through and in the last 50 meters it tells you that this girl believes in her talent and she believes in her strategy and she knew exactly what she needed to do to win this race. And she pulled up the execution perfectly. So it's one of the reasons why I was very interested in performance. And when you look at how she ran in the mixed relays as well. It speaks to how this young lady knows what she's capable of. And she doesn't care who is running against her. She believes she can better them. And that's exactly what she did at these champions. I was very impressed with her. As I said before I hope that she finds the right right people around her in the years to come. Yeah. Because it's easy to get distracted at this level. Yeah really really special talent there. I want to comment quickly as well on the Bahamians who had sent messages in the past week that they're coming to cause some trouble and did because they won a lot of medals and there were quite a few record performances as well including Scott in the in the Javelin. And yeah there was a role in the pole vault as well. And they had a few record performances. So the Bahamians as they usually do at the Carifter games made a point that you know the Jamaicans cannot continue to just sit comfortably and things fall in their lap. Yeah and this was an improved performance from a last year and year before as well. So this would be very encouraging for for the B3 is there. And I think when you look at your race got 52 first over 50 meters at this level at Carifter you know you look at the young sir who won the high job. He did that again Bahamas has always produced talent. I think outside of Jamaica they probably have the best program there in terms of developing the young athletes. And I think what we saw from them suggests that you know in the years to come I mean you know the 300,000 people living in the Bahamas and for them to continue to produce the level of talent at this level consistently. That tells you how good a nation they are in terms of the program that they have because one of the things you know I tell people all the time and they they scoff at it but they look at it per capital. They actually outperformed Jamaica at Carifter and at the global level as well because for 300,000 people compared to almost three million from Jamaica they continue to produce world-class athletes right throughout the year. That's you know Tali Davis the Beckford's the Williams Darling the of course you know Stephen Gardner and of course at this level they continue to produce these talents coming through. You can never overlook the Bahamas and I think they have done a good thing there in keeping their athletes in a proper program proper structure that continue to deliver the talent that born this talent bringing it through. It would be nice though just to see a few more of them coming through at the global level. But no it's 300,000 people. I don't think you can ask so much more from the Bahamas. Yeah I agree with you 100 percent they are late and thanks for linking with us and as we said we will continue our discussion on the Carifter Games three days of real world-class competition in the Spice Isle from Saturday through to Monday and we'll continue the discussion on Wednesday. Thanks Leighton we'll talk again soon I'm sure. Take it easy guys. Bye Leighton. Yeah and we have a lot more to come on the Sportsmax zone on the other side of the break back with us.