I'd like to thank everybody today who are attending the conference in person and very pleased to know that you're being joined by others online and around the country. As we celebrate this our 50th anniversary here of profusion and also the 50 years of profusion innovation and profusion education and research done here at the Texas Heart Institute of profusion technology. Denton A. Cooley completed 59 open heart procedures in 1956 using the DeWall-Lily High oxygen generator, bubble oxygenator, and that's with a finger pump. And if you want to see this in person, it's upstairs in the museum, I rebuilt that pump and it works beautifully. And we also have the old parts of the oxygenator too came out of my garage, some of them. And later he used a so called coffee pot that we, it was found and restored and we put that up there also. It's actually made from restaurant supply items. This coffee pot, the stainless steel sponges were located in the top coated with anti foam a treatment, you would bubble up the blood on the inside the oxygenator. It would go through the stainless steel sponges, the blood would be de phoned, and then the blood was settled into the arterial reservoir.  So you can see the operating level. Dr. Cooley actually established the Texas R Institute in 1961. And he and his surgical staff at that particular time had completed 8,673 open heart procedures between 1956 and 1971. He recognized that there was a need for well trained profuseness, or people running the heart and lung machines. We recall pump technicians back in those days to run the heart and lung machines. And in 1971 he hired Charles C. Reed from Ohio State Profusing Department. He was an instructor there. And to become our chief profuseness here at the Texas Heart Institute and the director of the profuseness school at Texas Heart Institute. Dr. Cooley and Charlie established the Profuseness Department and the school in December of 1971. The first profusion class started on January 1972, and they graduated six months later in June 1972. Diane Clark was in that original class of four students. The first four, the students in her class, those four, along with seven other students that followed from the July to December class, participated in 1,759 pump cases, including both adults and pediatrics. Eventually the pediatrics cases were transferred to Texas Children's Hospital. Diane later became the associate director of academics for the profuseness school here, and after she graduated. Then in 1975, Charlie and Diane wrote that textbook of cardiopulmonary perfusion, and she was the co-author of that book. Charlie hired more profuseness in 1973, which is due to the increase in our clinical cases that particular time. I'm here at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital in Texas Heart Institute, and one of the new employees is Bob Kenan, as seen on the far left there behind Charlie. And Bob was actually a clinical instructor there at Ohio State also, and Bob was hired to become the associate director of the clinical perfusion. A few years later, Bob relocated to the Northwest and then I became the associate director of the clinical department. Charlie and Diane, Charlie, Diane and I extended the length of the program from six months to one year in 1977, because there was an increasing need for profuseness in our around the country. And we also believe that we could enhance our educational opportunities with the additional procedures that we were doing at that particular time. We accepted three volunteers from two classes, two separate classes in June of 1977 and December of 1977 and extended to the one year program that we have. Now we're back to it and again, and now we're back up again. I'm sorry, 18 months. We believed it was a good idea because we had never overlapped our classes before in the past and we thought that these students, so-called senior students could help out our new junior students. As it turned out, it was a good decision because those two overlapping classes of 30 students helped the 10 of us profuseness do 4,074 open heart procedures in 1977. We actually took this slide or this picture, and we made it into a Christmas card for all of our profusion friends around the country. So basically there was $8 pumping cases every day and those cases so we were very fortunate at that time. Now the pioneering efforts of the profuseness from the 1950s and 60s led to what I refer to as our golden era. Those of us that worked in the 70s and 80s because we were in that transition of reusable devices, stainless steel glass, et cetera, and going into disposable cardiopulmonary devices. And we evaluated almost every new device that ever came on the marketplace, including their future revisions. The following devices includes most, but not all of the devices we use for the past 60 years or 50 years. And due to limited time today, I'm not going to show you those slides. I'm sorry, this is not enough time. But many of them can be seen in those textbooks I refer to written by Charlie Reed and co-authored by Diane Clark and Trudy Stafford. So instead this is going to be my reference for the pump, the tubing, filters, oxygenators. Bubble oxygenators included adults and pediatric oxygenators, including from Travinal TMP and we also had a Cooley bag oxygenator. We had stainless steel plates that we put around the outside of the bag for warming and cooling. These disposable oxygenators led to our use of the Bentley, Harvey, Cove, Shelley, the Daco, hard-shelled oxygenators. And there are many revisions over the years. And I'm not aware of any of them being used today. Then we went to membrane oxygenators. For membrane oxygenators, initially we used devices from the Launday Edwards, the Travinal TMO oxygenator and the Symed Colobo Lone. Membranes in various sizes, and again they're no longer available today. But the technology led to the development of other membranes that came with and without soft-shelled reservoirs and hard-shelled venous reservoirs. I mentioned that because the soft-shelled reservoirs or the bags we've referred to them offered us a sense of safety. And because of that, the bags would collapse and prevent you from pumping air. And today we use the hard-shelled reservoirs for simplicity, ease of use, etc. And they came from various companies like Metronik, Bentley, Cove, Shelley, Sorens, Sorens, Perumo, Yoso, Rebeccae, Spectrum, etc. I think it's noteworthy that for myself in the 70s when the TMO was available, I ordered the bracket, the circuit board for the TMO membrane oxygenator. And it took me several months to get it approved. And the reason why is because biomedical engineering refused to approve the electrical circuit board. And I had to explain to them numerous times it was a board, a plastic board, and some brackets used to hold the oxygenator onto the heart-loading machine. Eventually a few months later, they allowed us to use the TMO membrane. Venous reservoirs. Again, we started using the venous reservoir bags with our membrane oxygenators for safety. It's not like an IV bag and it closes when it's empty, but the bubble oxygenators are the same way. Eventually the profusion department did move towards the hard-shelled reservoirs for simplicity. Cardiatomy reservoirs. We initially used non-filtered cardiotomy reservoirs and attached an external depth filters and phone filters and various types of filters, screen filters below the reservoir for additional filtration. A few years later, the manufacturers manufactured the cardiotomy reservoirs with built-in filters inside the reservoir and we used those filters. We did numerous studies used for transfusion, cardiotomy filtration, arterial blood filtration, oxygen and CO2 filtration gas filters, pre-bypass filtration. These studies showed the necessity to use these appropriate filters during and before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. I would like to point out that the Texas Heart Institute for Fusion School and the clinical instructors, we did a paper back at that time on pre-bypass filtration. We were the first in the country, the world, to report particulate matter inside the oxygenators. Some of them kind of looked like snowglobes and hence the reason for pre-bypass filtration. Tubing. We used polyvinyl chloride tubing. We used actually a polyvinyl chloride tubing with a polyurethane coating on the inside and silicone tubing. The polyurethane tubing inside coating, that didn't work out so well so eventually it was discontinued. We got the standard PVC polyvinyl chloride and the silicone remain and we also reviewed the use of non-coating and coating tubing that is used today. Monitoring devices. We measured everything in cardiopulmonary bypass. We measured the pre and the post pressure sites of the hemo concentrators, membrane oxidators, arterial filters, water temperature sites, other blood sites. We even monitored the high and low blood levels. We monitored the blood water flows, blood in water flows. We monitored blood gasses, coagulation, etc. The results of these studies led to changes in our perfusion practices. Cardioplasia. Initially, we only delivered crystalloid cardioplasia and degraded, but eventually we did start administering cardioplasia, with and without blood and crystalloid, warm and cold, high and low rates and various temperatures. Canula. We use a wide variety of arterial and venous canyons from various companies. And those canyons were revised to accommodate the size of our patients and also their entry sites. Canula were also redesigned due to the changes in the transition from our exclusive gravity return to kinetic assist venous return and vacuum assist venous return. And that was partly due. Also, there was an increased number of microembolide generated from vacuum assist and etc. from assisted venous return. So that led to more changes in oxygen generated changes in the foamers and filters and the membranes to remove the air from the circuit. Hemoconcentrator. In the mid 70s, I believe that was about the time it may have been the early 70s, we were required to rinse the hemoconcentrators for our pediatric patients and Dr. Romanoli did a wonderful studies on those. Eventually the technology changed and the manufacturers are able to make them pre-wrenched like we're using today in a wide variety of sizes for adults and pediatrics. Auto transfusion. I recall attaching a vacuum to the top of a non-filtered cardiography reservoir, attaching a depth filter below the reservoir, attaching that filter to a roller pump piece of tubing, and we would pull this defone filtered blood and pull it out during these massive blood loss and then we would pump it into an IV bag or blood bag and return it back to the patient for cardiophobic bypass. Somewhere around the mid 70s, I recall one of the first auto transfusion devices came out on the market, I believe it was the hemenetics, it could have been something else, but anyway, we later bought one. So we thought we would try auto transfusion in our cardiac surgery rooms. Well, I tried it for several months for Dr. Cootie's cases and we tried and we tried and we tried, but he never lost enough blood for us to process. So I had to put this auto transfusion device in the closet because it didn't work. We just didn't have any blood to process. And eventually it was removed from the storage room in the late 70s, early 80s, and then they started using auto transfusion devices for a wide variety of procedures and, of course, more surgeons. But I don't recall Dr. Cootie needing them very often and so we adjusted to the times. Metal devices, we cleaned and re-sterilized metal suctions, adult and pediatrics, metal connectors, adult pediatrics, and even the cannula that we were using for our PD and infant cases at that time. Eventually they were replaced with disposable plastic devices in the mid and late 70s, maybe early 80s, all of them were replaced and everything was disposable by then. And it allowed us to do more cases, a lot faster turnaround. Heater coolers, we modified the early Sarn's modular heater coolers to include one of the machines. We actually cut a large hole in the top and then we could put ice in it, but we had to turn off the heater elements on the inside. Well, we mounted these two heater cooler devices side by side, one for cooting, one for warming, and then we wired everything together and we could strategically place clamps on these wide tubing so we could cool, we could re-warm, we could re-circulate whatever was necessary. Now, the nice thing was those were finally discontinued and then newer model heater coolers came out of the market that you use today, like the Sarn's little heater coolers, the Kim Ray, I don't think it had a heating limit on it, I think it went up to about 50 degrees. And the Medtronic and Yosemite, Alpha, Omega, Cincinnati Sub-Zero, the Sarn 3T, and then Cardioquip, so there's a wide variety of these things, but our history helped develop and improve these devices over the year. Roller pumps, we initially used the modular roller pumps and got to use wrenches to adjust for the occlusions and eventually we got the deluxe heads from Sarn's and et cetera, and then we had some console pumps. So we used these modular roller pumps for not just Cardioquip on the bypass, we used them for auto transfusion, you know, remove the blood, defoam it, filter it for the patient. We also used them for ECMO roller pumps and we use them for left heart bypass. I'm sure most of you in this room have never done a left heart bypass with a roller pump, but a few of us have. It's quite a unique experience. So the pumps we did evaluate were like from Sarn's and Trumo, PolyStand. The PolyStand pump was very unique. It was Denmark over there and then it had a verticlu pump that was like a V-type shape and we included things. It was a really nice pump and we used it for a while. And then we've also evaluated and used the Yosemite, the Spectrum, Quantum, et cetera. So we did a short comparison study between pulsatile flow and non-pulsatile flow with the roller pumps, and of course this is using when we're using a bubble oxidative and auto membrane that does change that pulse matter quite a bit. But anyway, our experience with the pulsatile profusion didn't prove to be a significant contribution for cardiopulmonary bypass, and I attribute part of that to the fact that our cases with Dr. Cooley and the odd rule, most of our cases were like 30 minutes, maybe up to an hour. And of course, many of the graduates, like Steve, that graduated, goes to her program, their average bypass time was five hours. And ours was using 30 minutes to an hour and he was not quite prepared for that when he graduated. And he expressed those thoughts to me later. So centrifugal pumps. The first centrifugal pump designed for cardiopulmonary bypass was by Harold Kletzka MD and engineer Edson Rafferty. They successfully tested this device in a laboratory on Dr. Kletzka's sister Barbara. And I've been corresponding quite a bit in the past few years, in part because I was not aware of it, but Dr. Cooley used the very first biopump in 1975. And it was August the 14th, 1975 to be exact. And I saved that pump after the case was over with it was on a 10 year old Jehovah's Witness. That morning we thought we were going to develop. We didn't remind of been a pediatric case Jehovah's Witness did really well. And so I saved it, cleaned it out and I've been using in my lectures for the past 45 years or so. And I think that's probably one of the most significant contributions besides the roller pump is that centrifugal pump the biopump because it led to the design and the development of other companies and their devices for centrifugal pump technology, but we again were the first. That unique pump technology, again, led other companies to designing a variety and updating their centrifugal pumps for cardiopulmonary bypass left heart bypass what a wonderful thought going from roller pumps left heart or centrifugal pumps. And of course egg mode to. And of course these companies came out we're metronic and barred live streamed soaring revolution, Joseph McKay wrote a flow, cp and etc and others. We originally primed our pumps with 20 ccs per kilogram of D five rl Oh, oh goodness, or as low as 800 milliliters. Eventually we did change our primary protocol to consist of the solutions. And we also use 1438 and half inch tubing strategically in the various parts of the circuit to reduce our overall prime. And we have been without blood just like people do today, and eventually other crystalline solutions. It's been rewarding in the past several years to see perfusions bringing back techniques that we use back in the 70s. I like to take this time to comment on a few THI milestones of the profusion school. It was because of the support of our profusion students in 1977. They were the ones that participated in all those cases that particular year, we did more than 4000 pump cases here at Texas Heart Institute with those students from 1977, including these eight or 10 staff. And those same students also contributed to our achieving our 25,000 open heart procedure at Texas Heart Institute. The work for the profusion students in 1983 helped these 15 perfusionists complete more than 4000 open heart procedures of pump procedures. And they also contributed to our achieving 50,000 pump case at Texas Heart Institute. Raymond you're way back in the back of this slide back in the tall guy back in the back near the left, he's over there. There's a lot of good people here. Support from our profusion students in 1983 helped those perfusions like I mentioned in those cases, and in 2001 helped THI to complete their 100,000th procedure. Currently all the profusion students have participated in over 125,000 open heart procedures here at Texas Heart Institute. And my following comments relate to the people who helped manage the program. Before beginning after and at several. I went to work for medical manufacturing and the late 70s or 80s and Diane Clark went to work for hospital administration in 1980. And then she was there was a December 79 graduate and she became the next associate director or academics or associate director 1981. She also co-authored the, the edition, the second edition of cardiopulmonary bypass. I want to point out, it's really not the second edition. That was entirely different title. The first title was cardiopulmonary profusion. This one was cardiopulmonary bypass, but basically it was the second edition. The company I worked for, we also reprinted it in a different color. We went from red to blue. Who knows. This is also important because our students from June of 1980 class and December 1980 class, they, they participated in another major milestone here at Texas Heart Institute. They helped us complete 5,014 open heart pump procedures that one year. In a thousand cases a year and those several rooms that we had was a remarkable task by everyone at that time. And it's the greatest number, I think there's a little over 50 cases in one day. Ray McInnes, and he's here today is as it was a June 1976 graduate. I do need to point out I was not a nice person back in the 70s. And I sense changed. And I attribute part of that to Raymond. He's a nice person. And Charlie was a little bit harder. And Charlie convinced me to push people to the limits one step beyond Raymond was a nicer person. So I take that with hope. Anyway, Raymond was and Charlie was working on that transition of our program from a one year program to a bachelor of science program at the University of Texas Health Center here in Houston. And they're first graduating classes in December of 83. And this is the same year that the students helped us participate in 50,000 open heart case done at Texas Heart Institute. So two remarkable things for Raymond at that time. Now Charlie retired in 1985 and Raymond became the chief profusers and the director of the profusion school. The BS degree was offered from 1883 until about 1985. I'm sorry, 93. And in 93, the UT program decided to reduce the number of allied health care programs. And the THI school of profusion returned to becoming a one year profusion program. And it was approved by the ACP and the K-HOP accrediting agencies, etc. Now Raymond continued his role as a chief profusers and director of the school and treaty continued her role as the associate director, and they did an amazing, a remarkable job when it came to profusion technology and to profusion education. They found other opportunities to pursue in 2002. And I was working for Raymond at that particular time. I'm not sure why he hired me but he did. And I was accepted as their replacement in 2002. I remained the chief profusers here at THI until January of 2012. And this is when the profusion department was transferred to St. Luke's Hospital in the Catholic Health Initiative. I retained the positions director of the school until I retired in 2020. The profusions that St. Luke's and CHI continue to provide the profusion services for the hospital. And they also continue to provide clinical guidance to the students under their clinical affiliate agreement between St. Luke's and THI. The students also gained additional clinical experiences now because they are rotating to other clinical affiliates around the country. I hired Deborah Adams as the associate director of academics in 2016, and Debbie became the director of the school with Kathy Kibler when I retired. And that was in 2020, right after COVID started. Good time for me, huh? Bad time for them. Together, they have expanded the program from one year to 18 months. And everybody will agree they have done an absolutely remarkable job in improving profusion education, especially during the pandemic. This has made an overall positive impact in our profusion community that we've served. I reviewed the 2022 American Board of Cardiovascular Profusion website and found that there are 5,300 certified profusers in the country. I think I counted them correct, but I'm not sure. And in reviewing the names, I found that there were 544 Texas Heart graduates that are still certified. That's about 10% of the market. The American Board also has another category for emeritus status, and I reviewed it. There were 839 profusers under that category, 123 were Texas Heart graduates. That's almost 7% of us retired as a group. I tried to keep up to date on all the THI graduates, and sadly found that there were 47 who passed away in the past 50 years. Before Dr. Cooley passed away, we discussed on many occasions how proud we were of the academic and the clinical education of profusion that our students were receiving here at Texas Heart Institute. And we were very pleased with the adult and the pediatric research done by these students because it was their diligent work that led us to making changes in profusion techniques and inclusion profusion technology. We also found it rewarding to know that our Texas Heart graduates continue to provide academic, clinical, and research support to many cardiac groups around the United States and other countries around the world. I reminded him that part of our success was because they followed his motto. And Dr. Cooley's motto was to modify, simplify, and to apply. I've always tried to encourage students to treat patients as a member of their family or as a friend. And eventually, as they graduate, they would become an extension of the Texas Heart Institute and the clinical rotation sites where they did their work. This was important to me because in the past 50 years, I've had numerous family members and friends that required scheduled and emergent cardiopulmonary bypass or open heart surgery around the country. And I know that my family members and my friends both were getting the best of care no matter where they were because it was either a Texas Heart graduate or graduate from another profusion program and I knew they all did their best. In closing, I'd like to repeat something Dr. Cooley mentioned. That was there are three objectives to the PHI School of Profusion Technology. Those are to provide excellence in patient care, research, and education. What I've also said is the responsibility of the Texas Heart Institute Administration to continue its commitment to the outstanding students and the faculty here at the Texas PHI School of Profusion Technology. The stone heart that you find that you'll see here in front of Texas Heart Institute is referred to as the symbol of excellence. Someone else I forgot to mention earlier and I'd like to thank and that's Joe Bruton for helping me create these slides today. I called him at the last minute and kind of threw them together because I didn't know what I was doing. So thank you Joe. And I would encourage all of you to review the Texas Heart Institute website and go to the profusion section and you can click on that and you can learn more about the school. You'll see photographs of pictures of all of our past graduates for the past 50 years and the research that we're doing. And there's a place you can click on down at the bottom of the thing that you can go back and look at past events and pictures from past events. So again, I'd like to thank everybody for coming today and attending session even online. So thank you very much everybody.


you're looking like the top model we have in 25 hours well thank you I guess my mindset changed on a lot of things and just maybe hitting rock bottom taught me a lot and I've been reading as well so I decided to change and be better and my higher self as much as I could be so here I am today yeah but from now this plane of working out eating healthy what what else were you focusing on sobriety I'm even having a mucktail today so just maybe I'm learning from my mistakes and choosing to learn from my mishaps yeah you mentioned your healing we're human beings you're not perfect we always make mistakes do people judge whatever you went through what they're in a position what their right to judge what you went through I mean yeah I okay I believe judgment is confusion because we all make mistakes we're all human but in some what way it pushed me because I was able to look at the sides of myself that I wasn't proud of and it was hurtful but it made a really resilient babe so yeah few of your friends were there your family members were there you even stepping down on your few jobs you had maybe few opportunities you had now focusing on yourself self-love come fast what about it yes I'm healing right now I'm getting to discover my womanhood as well I'm just 23 so I'm glad to know this much at a young age and I aspire to tell every woman to discover and think for herself because the world is cruel but you're stronger and your resilience yeah you know we we learn every day you know you've come back bigger stronger better amazing content personality your fans are excited to see you back now we're doing your own things as you never left what is the feeling to see when you own things other things maybe you're planning maybe to protect to limit the show to the world oh for sure for sure at least I come I've come back with a better view of what to show the world and what to keep to myself in terms of like keeping my private life there's some things I do like to hide because good things that and for everybody the good things for me are just for me and I like to keep it like that so for sure I think that experience has taught me to conceal some things and we went to smile went to not when to cry and we're crossing right now the Lord our father right now I think if I find a man who's makes my life easier and making watch much more than me like in terms of wealth and money why not why money come fast money come fast oh honey I learned that the hardware I thought actually the love was everything oh no money we have to be stable fast and then everything follows yeah what do you expect now Ronu is back any are you looking forward maybe we see you on TV something like that oh yes yes yes I'm hoping to be out there out there so keep out keep out that's all I can say anytime soon end of this year yeah end of this year yeah some projects I'm walking home and I'm happy yeah wind up now Ronald bullies were there all the time comparing you with us some a jimbo you guys are very great in your own unique way now this time you're back I don't know you're planning to deal with them on one-on-one the negativity I think I dealt with my haters if you follow me I there's a day I really did it but I can't realize comparison is really the thief of joy for real there's no need everyone has their path I also learned that I have my own magic and my own authenticity and I should celebrate my lights that's it someone else winning doesn't take away from me and other people winning doesn't take away from you you know so support people uplift people when it's your chance it's your chance when it's your time it's your time yeah thank you so much I was speaking to us maybe I want to your fans to have been there for you all the time I love you guys and think for yourselves yeah thank you so much


ThinkTek Hawaii. Civil engagement lives here. Aloha. Welcome to Mina, Marco and me on Energy. I'm Tim Apachele filling in for Jay Fidel. Today's show we are fortunate to have as our guest Public Utility Commissioner to be Jenny Potter for the second part of the show that took place some time ago. And we're also going to talk about recent events on the island of Hawaii, the impact of lava flows that's having on the Puna Geno Thermo Venture Facility. It's a safe bet that Marco Mangelsdorf and Jenny Potter will bring discussion points that you won't see in the news or read in the newspaper. And without further ado, welcome to Jenny and welcome Marco. To be on with you and to be on with Jenny again, thank you so much Jenny for joining us today on this Aloha Monday. And yes, I mean there's no shortage seemingly always about topical energy issues here in the state of Hawaii and in this particular case in the Big Island especially. So I thought I'd talk a little bit about to kind of kick things off as far as how this lava activity is affecting the Big Island in terms of power generation. I mean we know of course that thousands of people are being affected and have had to be leaving their homes and there we just went up to more than 100 homes destroyed as of earlier today and that could easily go up rather dramatically with this wide lava flow of a half a mile width that has already hit the ocean in Kapoja which has hundreds of homes. So it's really this ongoing disaster for so many people and it's very, it's really unsettling for I think anybody anybody on the island whether you're close to the volcanic action or on the other side. But in terms of energy the Pune Geothermal Venture which has been operating since 1993 for 25 years has been providing firm power to the Helco grid for decades and according to the piece in the Sarbatizer yesterday by a good piece by Rob Perez prior to shutting down earlier this month or excuse me about a month ago PGV was providing somewhere close to 30% actually 29% according to the Helco data. 29% of the power generation from the beginning of the year which was the same figure 29% that had provided last year for all of 2017. So Helco has to obviously bring additional generation reserve generation online which they have been doing and they have been assuring us that there's plenty of reserve online or available to bring online so in terms of rolling blackouts that's not on the cards fortunately but unfortunately with the loss of such a substantial component in terms of the renewable energy provided into the grid not just for the big island but especially the big island but also for the state writ large that it's going to mean inevitably for for the foreseeable future it appears that more fossil fuel in the form of petroleum products will have to be consumed here on this island to make up for that PGV shortfall. For perspectives and Helco is leading the state in fact in terms of renewable power generation these past years creeping up to close to 60% of all power consumed last year close to 60% was coming from renewables and that was the highest in the state by far I don't know how much they're gonna be hit but I can imagine somewhere in the 10% range although I haven't really crunched the numbers so you know it's interesting we've been drilling into Madame Pele since the early 1980s when there were test boars that were done in that area it took a dozen or so years to finally get a power plant online over the very vigorous objections and and protests of folks who believe that it was a bad idea from a from a number of perspectives and there are a number of them are saying well you know you can only drill into to Pele for so long before she takes issue so however it's interpreted PGV is down and I happen to believe it's probably down for the count because I just don't see personally the popular support nor political will to bring it back even this is assuming that it doesn't get overrun by law but which is a very real possibility so that's kind of my intro I guess about the topical issue that we're dealing with right now and maybe turn it over to Jenny as far as what what you see Jenny in terms of the impact of losing geothermal the only geothermal plant on the in the state as far as affecting the state's overall efforts to to get to the Emerald City like a target of 100% renewable for power generation in 2045 so I take a turn over to you yeah I think that you know this is a great question because we often forget about sort of what the public interest is when we when we look at different types of fuel sources and we're thinking about building additional generation facilities or whether it's you know going to be distributed and I think like you mentioned that there are there's some real real opposition to bringing it back online and and it's getting and commissioning more plants that would utilize the geothermal there's there seems to be several articles have been published you know in the newspaper around that where people are like we're gonna march in the streets you know it will not be it won't be Jenny Jenny may I interrupt for a second and I'm sorry can you clarify what the opposition is about is it about the air quality yes okay thank you I think there was some opposition in regards to the proximity of the plant to residential neighborhoods that was a big concern and and I think that you know it was commissioned despite those concerns but bringing it back online given what you know what's happening with madam Pele is is probably going to make it a much more difficult style so you know who knows probably I don't know I speculate that it's it's done but my concern is you know how do we get to a hundred percent how do we fulfill our renewable portfolio standards after this incident when you have these resources that are so they're so complete you know we have done we have went but geothermal is really a nice firm resource and there was a lot of assumptions built into the PSIP and other models that we would increase the amount of geothermal on the various islands not just you know Hawaii energy or I'm sorry Hawaii Island so I think that that it's disconcerting and like we mentioned you know that's it probably about 3% of our overall RPS right now is coming from the Puna so that's gonna we're gonna have to make that up with other types of resources so which which can be challenging because siding wind and solar is is also very difficult you know given the public interest around how we're utilizing our space on the islands and what I think also is worth noting guys is that a number of years ago helco did a request for proposals for additional geothermal on the island and there were a number of bidders and the winning bidder to add if I'm not mistaken another 30 megawatts of geothermal were there about was Ormette the same folks who own the PGV plant so they were awarded a contract from helco after a competitive bidding process to bring another 30 megawatts online at that same location and there was I won't say dancing in the streets there but there was another this is going to be seen as a positive step by a lot of people to further have the big island be more energy independent well sometime went by and lo and behold the forks at Ormette the folks at Ormette said no can they effectively said we can't go through with this based on what we propose therefore we are pulling out now I'm not privy to all the details as to why exactly that that was the case but that's in fact what happened so I guess it's just kind of illustrative of how you know geothermal I don't know if I would call it a gamble but there was a reason that and this is of course before anybody knew that all these fissures were going to open up along the eastbound right gobbling things up but there's a reason that Ormette backed out right now I think it again kind of adds to the the pretty strong or reasonable conclusion that geothermal in that area certainly if not the rest of the island is highly doubtful I think it's well mark you were at you raise a good point you said in that area aren't there areas on West Hawaii and then on Maui that actually could be candidates for for geothermal I can't speak to Maui because I know less about it yeah my point would be in terms of candidates yes there has been discussion about the flanks or the saddle area between Mauna Loa or other volcano there on the west side which rises to about 7000 feet but here's the thing there has been a pushback by folks who are anti-geothermal against even what I'll call passive survey work not talking about doing test boreholes which is more significant but just doing testing with equipment where you don't have to even dig in the ground they have pushed back on that in any to do any type of survey work in any depth pun intended in terms of additional geothermal on the silence but to me it just shows the depths and breaths of those who are anti-geothermal who don't even want to let the proverbial camels nose in the tent right far as even allowing passive survey work to be done in possible hotspots okay see I mean as everybody's pointing out you know it's certainly it's a fluid situation that needless to say when you have lava still coming to the surface and doing what it's doing and I mean whether PGV is going to be there a day from now a week from now it's all up in up in the air and you know one of the reasons why it has received so much concern over the decades is the possibility of essentially a blowout of a wellhead that would not be controllable and there have been worst-case scenario planning that go back to the night early 1990s that in the worst case you would have to do an evacuation next number of miles fitting maybe going as far as cow which if you go as far as cow in terms of the radius you're talking tens of thousands of people so yeah that's worse case and we don't know but again you know I go back to five weeks ago who is considering who is thinking about the likelihood of 24 or more fishers in the east rift zone would do what they have been doing for the past four weeks it's the unknowability and mystery of the primal forces of primal forces of nature whether you want to ascribe a deity to them as in terms of Pele or or non-personal it's the inherent unknown of living on this earth in terms of natural events that have been happening for millennia right it's not stunning well I think the question is also how long can this go and we don't know nobody does yeah so right there's no end really that we're assuming at this point for this it's unbelievable it just keeps opening up to shift away from the the lava and fury of Pele here maybe let's kind of go back to our conversation that we started a number weeks ago you and I and Jay Jenny in terms of you're going to be the next B.C. Commissioner and by my count 2026 27 days I think you actually do you take an oath on the first day or have you already taken an oath because you officially start on July 1st if I'm not mistaken is that correct yes exactly which is a Sunday so I'll take the oath on the 2nd of July 2nd of July so you'll be there at the Capitol and the governor will say now raise your right hand and you'll say to promise to do all kinds of wonderful things and the to the benefit of Hawaii consumers and ratepayers and the environment all kinds of stuff like that I mean I'm kind of making this up it's something like that right something like that exactly yeah I'm not sure that it's the governor that doesn't know if it's going to be Randy you want to say the chair or is it going to be Mike McCartney or is it going to be you know I don't I don't know so that's that's up for I'll know when I get there I guess just be pleased you'll show up and there will be somebody there who will be more than willing with a big smile on their face and one or two or three or ten late to put around your neck like high school or college graduate right where you can barely see over the flowers exactly yeah that's kind of how the Senate confirmation went to so that was pretty cool I was piled high I love that custom it's such a great you know thing that we do in Hawaii with the place it's just really special even though it's kind of a steamy day you can kind of feel a bit you know all this all this yeah yeah it's a little bit human but so let's let me go well hang on Marco because we're gonna take a commercial break here in about well right now actually so let's get to the questions as soon as we return I'm Andrea Gabriele the host for young talents making way here on think tech Hawaii we talk every Tuesday at 11 a.m. about things that matters to tag matter to science to the people of Hawaii with some extraordinary guests the students of our schools who are participating in science fair so young talents making way every Tuesday at 11 a.m. only on think tech Hawaii mahalo hey hello everybody thanks for joining us on think tech Hawaii I'm your host Andrew Lanning the security guy I host a program called security matters Hawaii and I hope you'll join us on Fridays we air at 10 a.m. and we're gonna be talking about those security things that really should be important to you and you know maybe get behind the scenes on some some things that you may not know about the industry or about products or even about your habits I'm security is all about people processes and products and we hope to bring that to you in an informative and hopefully a useful way so again 10 a.m. on Fridays security matters Hawaii on think tech Hawaii join me thank you welcome back I'm Tim Apachele and I'm here with Marco Mengelsdorf and Jenny Potter and we're discussing well the recent events on with the lava in Hawaii and and now we're gonna talk about some other issues that you know pertain to energy issues for the state of Hawaii so thank you for holding on there and welcome back thank you you know in my life and I think most people when you're when you've got a new job coming up or you know you've been you've been accepted to graduate school or you know things in life that are there a change from from the way you've lived life in the past whether it's relationship whether it's getting into school whether it's starting a new job it can often be kind of an anxiety producing experience so I'm wondering what if anything has you feeling a bit anxious and or excited about becoming the next commissioner and the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission that's a that's a great question I think I can talk a little bit about the preparation that I'm doing because I'm a I'm a good planner I'm a good you know I can definitely I am going to be in Honolulu most of the time so I did have to rent a place there so I will be coming home on to Maui over the weekend and these are all things that we had to figure out you know whether I could live in Honolulu should I sell my house you know how am I gonna go about doing this this job and because I do live in Maui so you know I rented the space in Honolulu that I'll be at the majority of the time so that within walking distance I go from the commission I'm actually gonna get an electric bike and according to cool I can get to work within 10 minutes which is cool I'm gonna be walking the walk so not just talking that but yeah I mean there's been a lot of details to figure out you know furniture and a bed and place you know and I'm although I'm living here so there's there's been a lot of anxiety around that preparing to take the position there and be in Honolulu you know a life over there essentially and I'll leave my family here and you know Maui to continue living so that's been kind of tough and then there's those moments too where I'm like what am I whether it was expected of me as an you know to be an effective regulator what does that mean so so actually Mina had sent me a wonderful link to a website that has papers white papers about effective regulation and you know actions of efficient regulators and she said that you know she relied on that heavily so I'm reading through those essays job well so there is anxiety you know in terms of that I feel like I should be spending more time reading dockets but I have a job I got to do right now so so it's them it's taught trying to be in both and Randy was a the two commissioners who you'll be serving with have been very they've been great yeah it's they've yeah they're they're just amazing people and it's it's great Jim Lazar who has done a great deal of work here in Hawaii in particular around cost of service and revenue requirements and all of them gene topics but he he said that we're going to be the most progressive and amazing you know com the commission in the country and he said Minnesota follows on that but you know with you and Jay on there it's going to be great so I'm excited to me what do you think the thorniest issue will be when you you get you hit the ground running what what policy issue do you think is going to be the thorniest to basically take on the performance based initiative for HECO is going to be challenging I know that we have legislation that was just signed around that and then we also have an open that's going to be really challenging to develop incentives that are going to motivate but basically you know taking that from other effective regulators we need to align the private interest with the public interest and you know performance incentives can do that but we have to really have a vision for what it is we're trying to accomplish in the name of you know the public interest so I think that's actually going to be really challenging we don't want to hurt HECO and too much we want to help them you know but we want to make sure that we're we're serving the people in the interest of you know Hawaiian Hawaii citizens so so yeah you've done a lot of market research in the past and you've done a heavy research about what the market is kind of what they want and what they hope to expect will you continue in that path important to get you know I'm going to definitely be more in the details I think just because I like them and I think that we need to pay attention to how consumers are participating in with the electric utility and providing services to the grid and what we can do you know on the demand side rather than the supply side to get to 100% renewable and I definitely am invested in being creative around that and and really trying to invoke participation from HECO customers Maui electric customers that whether it's seamless to them and they you know plug-and-play and they don't actually notice changes and they just allow for you know the energy market and grid needs to you know change their water heater take turn it on and turn it off you know or whether they're actively participating in a real-time pricing kind of initiative I think it's important that we bring the people of Hawaii along and and definitely develop a closer relationship with them so that market research and the work that I've done there I hope that that comes and supports some of you know the broader initiatives that you know we come up with along the way so something great approach well this may kind of put you on a spot a little bit Jenny and you can of course deflect as you need to if you look back to the docket that was open to consider the acquisition of Hawaiian electric industries by next era the Commission adopted a fairly open door policy in terms of allowing virtually any and all comers to be the interveners on that docket at one point there were I believe 25 or 26 which is probably something of a record that performance-based regulation of PBR docket which has been opened there are now from numbers taken 11 parties who have asked either be an intervener or a participant I'm not sure if that decision the world whether your fellow commissioners to be will wait until you get on board or whether they will decide with Lorraine Akiba in the in the days to come but keep you do you willing to kind of tip your hand in terms of your philosophy at least with the PBR docket as far as whether it should be kind of open door allowing as many as the 11 who have applied or or to keep it more kind of focused amongst the smaller group so that's that's a great question and one of the things that I understand about being a commissioner is you know we evaluate facts and and information that's provided through the docket process and we really have to rule on those that information that's provided and that would be that would come from interveners and it would come from the general public and to some degree but the facts that are presented during that docket are those are the ones that we have to make the decision based on right so ultimately to me you know the more people that participate and can provide input about these really tough and you know initiatives that I think is helpful because it provides us with more information and more hopefully facts about you know about how to make a decision and each docket so I would be supportive of having you know more interveners through those processes rather than because because yeah they a lot of them do their own research and then bring it right table and it's more analysis that we can consider and so that's really helpful well given given the the depth and breadth and the complexity of something as significant as effectively imposing a rather different business model on a private company in terms of how HECO and HECO companies do their business do you have match in terms or many in terms of concerns as far as what we'll call the discovery process which I believe the commission is referred to essentially as phase one over I believe is with a dozen or one fewer than a dozen participants interveners not including the consumer advocate that things could be turn into something of a circus in terms of information requests flying willy-nilly going in all kinds of interesting directions is that much of a concern of yours really I think that I think that there can be limits that you know if you ask the right questions and if you you know present questions around that you know that you have a vision for that are decisive and you know that can can help inform the decision-making process then it shouldn't be too difficult I think you know I think that yeah I don't I don't think so I think it'd be okay okay well that's that's encouraging question here in the time we have remaining how would you judge the success or lack of thereof the success of this past legislative session relative to energy and regulatory issues I think I'm gonna have to pass on that one because you know I'm not it's saturated as I'd like to be in what happened in the legislature in the last year so well we have would be I'm sorry we have less than a minute left and so Marco do you have one one one more question for I mean I'll just reiterate that I think the governor's choice in you Jenny was was a home run by far and I think this is the first time that we'll have that as far as I know in least my being a regulatory watcher so to speak that we'll have two people who are who grew up so to speak you and and Jay Griffin deep in the weeds in terms of the the technical matters the regulatory matters that really important as further into the 21st century and since the utility of today is far different the utility of even ten years ago let alone a hundred years ago and in a sony in days so I couldn't be more pleased that the two of you will be there along with Randy a was a totally diverse and complex and exciting and turbulent you guys also do transportation and communication so this is no I think it's a big part of your portfolio but I think that we'll have a fantastic lineup with that three of you thank you so much I really appreciate your vote of confidence I think that you're right though it's going to be an outstanding journey Jenny thank you very much for taking the time to join us Marco thank you for all your insightful questions that's all we have for today I'm Tim Apachelefin and filling in for Jay Fidel and we'll see you next week


and the U.S. Virgin Islands produced creditable results at the Pan-American La Crosse Association Pala Sixes Cup, which ended in Kingston on Saturday. Mariah Ram-Harak recaps a tournament that fielded 15 teams from 10 nations from across the Pan-American region. Sixes is an incredibly fast-paced compact version of La Crosse, and it captured the imagination of fans in Kingston last week. Three days of pulsating action culminated with the championship matches at the Michael University College on Saturday. In as a woman's tournament, Jamaica was forced to withdraw ahead of their fifth place playoff with the USVI due to their lone goalkeeper, Shannon Greyhump, suffering a heat stroke. It meant they finished last as per tournament rules, while clearing the way for the USVI, a team with limited tournament prep to finish fifth. We are so excited to have this opportunity to play in this tournament. None of our girls had ever played Sixes before. We never even had a chance to practice before we got here. And the improvement along the way was absolutely amazing. The heart that our girls and ladies put into this event, and to get to be here with all these other teams having this experience has been such a gift. The Haudenosaunee Nation repeated as women's champions after a comfortable 22-11 win over Perterico in the championship match. Coach Tim Bomberi and Captain Bean Minnerd shared their thoughts on the tournament. Perico was a pretty tough test there, and it was a good championship at the end there. But yeah, we're feeling pretty good. The girls are feeling good. I'm really happy with their progress and how well they're gelling together and doing the things that we want them to do. I have an easy time because these girls are my family, they're my sisters. So they've been around me for years, they're used to me, so it's not just a brand new thing to them. So I work, it's a fun job I love having, it's getting the energy going and making sure that me being a vet, I'm teaching the right things coming down and showing what it takes to put in the hard work to get to where we are today. Wait, hold on, who are the Haudenosaunee? We are a, we have our own confederacy. We have Ms. Anandaga Mohawkayugosanaka Tescarora. We're from Anandaga Nation, which is outside of Syracuse, New York, all the way through Niagara Falls into Six Nations, which is in Canada. We have our Master of Society, La Crosse was given by the creator as a gift to play for him. And obviously it's in our ceremonies, it's in our roots. So traditionally women don't play La Crosse because of the wooden stick that wooden sticks made from hickory. We give life, so when we are in our periods, we ruin that medicine. That's why we play with plastic sticks, but we don't touch it, all of us don't touch the wooden stick. We stick to our traditional culture and respect it. We just play with the plastic stick, but we still, the game gives us so much love and healing and power that we're able to still use it with the plastic sticks. But Haudenosaunee, we're just a confederacy all around, upstate New York and up to Canada. Jamaica feel the two men seems finishing fifth and eighth respectively, with the USVI ending sixth. But despite not securing a medal, President of the Jamaica La Crosse Association, Calvert Hutchinson says he's pleased with the trajectory of the sport in the country. I think development was the winner for us. The fact that we were able to host a diaspora team along with a local bread team for our males and we end up playing each other in one of the rounds to see both of our teams going up against each other, all local bread team players and all diaspora players. It was a testament of the development that is taking place on the grounds and in terms of the ladies, we have some of our local bread high school girls who are now studying and playing La Crosse overseas who are the top scorers in some of the games and I can't thank them enough and my team, the coaches for the work that they have done and continue to do and development is a winner today. Puerto Rico won the men's title after easing by crowd favourite Mexico 22-15 in the decider. We kind of just found our rhythm after the first game, we played a tremendous defensive tournament and by us playing great defensive kind of opened up our offense and really just tied everything together so I think we just kind of played all around good La Crosse the whole tournament. Sixth is the version of La Crosse that will be contested out the 2020 Olympics and teams from the Caribbean and wider Pan Am region are excited about the possibility of making it to LA. It's great that it's now in the Olympics in terms of our chances I think we just got to get better day by day. We got to kind of build off of what we did here this weekend. I think we tied a lot of good things together but we still have some room for improvement as an organization and building this team going forward so you know I think really just using this as a building block to build up what we want to get to in the Olympics but you know I couldn't be happier for these guys today. We're hoping to get financial support so we can start preparing for 2028 preparation we need to get our team in place we need to get them training on a regular basis and it's going to be the sixth discipline that is there. This event is a springboard for continuous development in that arena so we can prepare ourselves to be victorious at the Olympics in 2028. Our whole mission is to grow the game in the VI and we are looking forward to doing this by starting more clinics more programs for youth on all three islands and to get ready to build these teams 2028 LA here we come. Six is done and dusted what a feat for Jamaica and you know I had the opportunity to cover a couple across athletes in case you missed it I spoke to the president Calbert Hutchinson and I'm really proud of you know what this group of athletes have been doing the organization and I think they're on to something big remember La Crosse will be in the Olympics in 2028 so I think you know they're getting a good feel getting ready and if they continue competing like they are right now it will be good competition come 2028. Yeah and great that they were able to host a Hemispheric tournament here in Kingston Jamaica and it's quite a nice sport as a spectator it is something I would watch because it it is it displays a lot of skill you know and I think it's a sport that has potential to grow. Yeah and like so many of the sports Lance and Mariah where you have a traditional version that is generally longer you know in La Crosse have the sixes competition that is shorter that is yeah the T20 style La Crosse and that made it exciting for the fans as well I had the opportunity to go by the Micah University College on the opening day I think it was saw a little bit of Panama the defending men's champions and they were really good valley for money and everybody was just really into the action and really engaged with what was going on and it really was a good look and it will be nice to see the sport return to Jamaica at such a high level with quality competition again and maybe we'll be fortunate with some Olympic qualifying tournaments and matches. Yeah looking forward to that well let's take a quick commercial break we'll be right back.


At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew not sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing. I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew not sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing. I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew not sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing. I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew not sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, In sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Ernst Batinama. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew not sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Iswa, In Belgium in June 2009. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew not sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Floyd Wilde, At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew not sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looking with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Greg Bowman, At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew not sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Lucy Perry. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Mike Vendetti. Mike Vendetti.com. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Mike Vendetti. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Ruth Golding. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Raven Notation. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell, Read for LibriVox.org by Rebecca Watts, June 8, 2009. Forgiveness at dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, Insold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness at dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day, Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, Insold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. Forgiveness by George William Russell Read for LibriVox.org by Sarah Sharief At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day, Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, Insold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day, Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, Insold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. The window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day, Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Forgiveness by George William Russell. Read for LibriVox.org by Tom Hackett. At dusk the window-panes grew grey, The wet world vanished in the gloom, The dim and silver end of day, Scarce glimmered through the little room, And all my sins were told, I said such things to her who knew no sin, The sharp ache throbbing in my head, The fever running high within, I touched with pain her purity, Sins darker since I could not bring, My soul was black as night to me, To her I was a wounded thing, I needed love no words could say, She drew me softly nigh her chair, My head upon her knees to lay, With cool hands that caressed my hair. She sat with hands as if to bless, And looked with grave ethereal eyes, And sold by ancient quietness, A gentle priestess of the wise.


Hi guys, here's an interesting little circuit, I'm using an external power source, about 11.5 volts coming from that power supply over here and I've got a 7805 on it, a 5 volt regulator and I've got a 5k adjustable resistor there and it's the normal sort of layout for a 5 volt regulator for any of the three pin regulators, the LM 780 series, so what I've done instead of this having to do all the work and be heat sunk, I've put on basically a pass transistor and I've connected this up, I've connected the base of this transistor, which is this to the output pin, before it's final capacitor, I've connected that to the output pin and then on the input pin I've connected that to the collector of this, is that right, so that's my base, so this is my collector and this I'm just checking, but my output pin is connected so here, what it does is instead of the amps or the amperage, the voltage still goes through this regulator, but the amperage sort of, it goes through this instead and this is a two pin 2055 or 3055 sorry, which means it can have a lot more voltage, if I just turn it on and that's a bit bright, that's why I thought, it's just an array of LEDs basically, I did have this on there and I let it pull three amps, but it does tend to get warm, you need to have a heat sink on this, especially if you're trying to pull the sort of amperage this thing will pull, this is a car 55 watt headlamp bulb, so I can really get it going, but it makes it glow red inside, but I've restricted it and of course, like I said, there's no heat sink on here, I'll just pull the wire off and I've already got these little tiny wires as well, they're connecting those together, so basically, you can build yourself a little fixed regulator, you can do this with the LM312 as well, but of course it's a different pinner when that's not done here, this is just for a fixed voltage regulator and I can, because you can put like, I think it was up to like 35 volts or something into this regulator, depending on the power that I put in, depending on how much variation I have on there, but the nice thing about it is you do have a variation and secondly, you can pull to answer it, because this thing I think is up to 15 amps, peak, something like that, 10 amps, and so from what I can understand is really you can have yourself a bit of a 10 amp power supply, so yeah, they call it a pass transistor and that can deal with all your amperage, just got to put a heat sink on it and that's just the setup for the voltage regulator, 7.2 volts, I can adjust that from here, and go down voltage, of course then my amperage I'm using is less than this, you can go back up the voltage, you're limited it to an amp, there we go, I've got no more adjustment left here because that's 11, that's, yeah, because we're going to lose a few volts, maybe 4 volts across the regulator, so I'd have to give it some more input if I wanted to just take it up higher, but yeah, so you can use your standard fixed voltage regulator as a variable regulator, and you can bypass the 1.5 amp limit by pulling a pass transistor on, on the input and on the output and yeah, the emitter side of this just goes to your output, that's what you'd get your load to, collector side goes to the input, where your input power goes in to the regulator, hook on to your collector there as well, and the output of the regulator just hook it onto the base, and you just use your normal ground and the emitter, then you have yourself here a lot more higher powered variable, but fixed voltage regulated power supply, that's all good, cheers for watching!


Sometimes, we can't prove our favorite schemes are secure in the standard model. Oftentimes, what we do instead is model a hash function as a random oracle and prove security in this model. We often have to resort to the random oracle model because our most efficient schemes are frequently only proof secure in this model. And this is true even in the post-quantum world. For example, the random oracle-based signature scheme of GPV from 2009 is more efficient than the non-random oracle CHKP and ABB signatures. Unfortunately, all of the schemes that we have so far are usually approved only secure in the classical random oracle model. And what we mean by this is that the proofs only consider classical queries to the random oracle and don't consider quantum queries. For this paper, we'll be looking at the quantum random oracle model. In this model, interaction with the primitives themselves are still classical, but the random oracle is allowed to be queried on a quantum superposition of inputs. The reason that we think that this is the correct model is that when we actually go to instantiate the random oracle with a hash function, we give the code of the random oracle to all parties including the adversary. A quantum adversary then with the code can do whatever he wants with the hash function, including evaluating it on a quantum superposition of inputs. The picture we have then looks like this. We have Alice and Bob. They're engaged in some protocol. Since Alice and Bob are still classical, they are only communicating classically. We also have an adversary who's allowed to be quantum, and the adversary is maybe eavesdropping on the communication between Alice and Bob, maybe actually interacting with them, but this interaction is still classical. Further, we have this random oracle h. Alice and Bob being classical can only interact with h in a classical way, sending a query and receiving the output and return, but the adversary being quantum now, we allow to interact with h in a quantum way. To be formal, let's define what it means to be secure for the case of signatures. The challenger sends over a public key to the adversary. The adversary is allowed to ask for signatures on messages. These queries though can only be classical. But the adversary is also allowed to query the random oracle on a superposition. So what does this mean? Basically, the adversary sends over a superposition of maybe all possible inputs, maybe some subset of possible inputs, and receives the superposition of the corresponding outputs in return. And then the adversary sends over a message forgery candidate and the adversary output 01 depending on if this is a valid forgery or not. Unfortunately, classical random oracle model proofs do not carry over into the quantum setting, and I'd like to highlight a few difficulties in actually transferring classical proofs to quantum proofs. The first is simulating the random oracle. On even the first query a quantum adversary can make to the random oracle, he could query it on a superposition of all possible inputs. What this means is if we want to produce an oracle that looks random to the adversary, we need to generate a random output for each of the exponentially many inputs, and generating an exponential amount of randomness is impossible to do efficiently. Another difficulty is in a common proof technique in the classical random oracle model where we use the oracle queries to peek into the adversary. If the adversary queries the random oracle on X, we know that the adversary is interested in X. The obvious quantum analog of this would be to sample the quantum query and see which input the adversary was interested in, but this destroys the superposition and the adversary would be able to notice. Lastly, programming the random oracle on the quantum random oracle model is difficult because really the only thing we know how to do is define the entire random oracle up front and in doing so we can't program the random oracle in an adaptive fashion. Bonnet et al. last year had some results in the quantum random oracle model. They show that there is in fact a separation, that there are schemes that are secure in the classical random oracle model even against quantum adversaries. But once we allow the quantum adversary to make classical, sorry, quantum queries to the random oracle, the schemes are no longer secure. They show, however, that some classical proofs can be adapted to the quantum setting and these are basically just proofs where the random oracle is used in a very limited way. The examples of schemes that they prove secure are the GPV signature scheme, the full domain hash signature scheme for a specific type of trapdoor permutation, the cat's weighing signature scheme and a particular hybrid encryption scheme. We extend the results. First, we, Bonnet et al. require the existence of a quantum secure pseudo random function and we show how to remove that result or that assumption from the results as well as ours. Next, we provide some new security proofs in the quantum random oracle model. Particularly, we prove the security of an identity based encryption scheme to hierarchical identity based encryption schemes and full domain hash for any possible secure trapdoor permutation. To accomplish these results, we develop new tools to argue the indistinguishability of oracle distributions by quantum adversaries. So the proof technique that we analyze in this paper is the following. We start with an adversary A makes Q queries to the random oracle H. Then we construct a new algorithm B to solve some problem and B works as follows. First, it picks a random query I that the adversary makes. For all other queries, it just answers in a way that looks random, but for the special query I, it responds with some challenge C. The hope is that the adversary will use C to break the scheme and if it does, we are able to solve our underlying problem. Since we chose the query at random from among Q queries and Q is a polynomial, this happens with non-negligible probability. In pictures, we have the oracle seen by the adversary. Each row in this diagram represents a query and each column represents the value of the oracle at a particular input. So let's say the adversary of its first query sends over X1 and X1 corresponds to the second column. Well, we generate some randomness R1 and just send it back to the adversary. When the adversary sends R2, X2, we generate some new randomness R2 and send it back to the adversary. Now let's say that the third query was the randomly chosen special query. Instead of responding randomly, we just respond with the challenge C. And then for subsequent queries, we just respond with new randomness. The first attempt, the first obvious attempt in the quantum setting is to do something very similar. We pick a query I at random and that query will answer with our challenge and for the rest, we'll answer in a way that looks random. So when the adversary sends over a superposition of inputs, we need to make our oracle look random for the query so we just generate some fresh randomness for each possible input and send the superposition of that randomness back in return. For the second query, we want to make the oracle look consistent between queries so we'll use the same randomness and send that superposition back to the adversary. Now for the special query, we just respond with the challenge for all possible inputs. So the superposition, we get a superposition of X's and we just send back a superposition of C. And then for subsequent queries, we just respond in a way consistent with the previous queries. The problem with this approach is that the special query I is first inconsistent with the previous queries. We respond to it in a different way and then also it's actually easy for a quantum algorithm to distinguish this one query from a truly random oracle. Our second attempt is to make all of the queries answered in the same way. So instead of picking a query at random and answer that differently, we actually pick an input X star at random and answer that differently. So we have the following picture. The adversary sends over a superposition of X and we send back the following state, psi, where in response to X's other than X star, we give R sub X where R sub X is random and then in response to X star, we give back C. The problem with this approach is that we picked the input at random among an exponentially large domain and so the probability that the adversary uses the challenge C is actually exponentially small so we are unable to use this technique to break our underlying problem. Our solution is instead of just picking one X star, we pick a whole set S of possible inputs and respond to those inputs with C. So when the adversary sends over a sum of X, we send back the response where for all X in the set S, we just respond with C and for all other X we respond with R sub X. This distribution is what we call a semi-constant distribution and I'll define it as follows. So the distribution is parameterized by lambda and we start by picking a set S in the following way. We go through each element in the domain and put that element in S with probability lambda and then we pick a random C and for all X in S, we set the output of the oracle H to be C and for all other X, we just choose the output randomly and independently. The bulk of the technical work in the paper goes to proving this following theorem basically says that an adversary can't distinguish this type of oracle from a random oracle as long as lambda is small. So the high-level overview of the proof is that the adversary cannot distinguish this distribution of oracles that we give it from a random distribution. So if it solved, if it broke the underlying scheme, it broke the scheme even with the semi-constant distribution. But now we have inserted our challenge C into a significant fraction of the oracle inputs and so the adversary will use C to solve its problem with some significant probability and if that happens we are able to solve our problem. I've left one big hole so far and that is actually generating the random values. Remember the domain of the random oracle is potentially exponentially large and we need to generate random values for every possible input in the domain and we don't know how to or we can't generate exponentially many random values efficiently. The solution in Bonnet at all was to assume the existence of a quantum secure PRF. This means a PRF that's secure even against quantum queries. Before any of the random oracle queries, they pick a random key and just let these r sub x values be the PRF using the key k evaluated at x and because the pseudorandom function is indistinguishable from random, these r sub x values look like they're randomly generated. Our solution is to actually not use a pseudorandom function but to use independent functions. So let's say the adversary makes a polynomial q of queries. What we do instead is pick a random 2qy's independent function f and let the r sub x values be f evaluated at x. We show using a technique called the polynomial method that 2qy's independent functions are actually sufficient for our purposes. We also note that the 2qy's independent functions can be used to remove the assumption of a quantum secure PRF from previous results as well. We apply this method to the IBE scheme of GPV from 2009 proving its security in the quantum random oracle model. We also apply it to the full domain hash signature scheme for any possible secure trapdoor permutation. Remember previous results only proved it for specific types of trapdoor permutations. We also apply our result iteratively to two hierarchical IBE schemes proving their security. However, in our proof the security degrades doubly exponentially with the depth of the identity tree where classically the dependence is only singly exponential. So we can only handle somewhat shallower identity trees and can be handled by the classical proof. Up to this point we've only considered security in the model where the adversary is still restricted to interacting with the primitives classically. In Fox we actually consider the case where we allow quantum queries to a pseudo random function. So on top here we have the classical model where an adversary, even quantum adversary, is still only allowed to interact with the PRF by making classical queries. However, we consider the case where the adversary is allowed to send a superposition to the PRF and receive the superposition of outputs in return. In Fox we show that in general there's a separation between these models. There are scheme secure against adversaries making classical queries but are insecure once we allow quantum queries. But we show that several of the classical constructions from literature still remain secure even against quantum adversaries. In particular the construction from pseudo random generators, the construction from pseudo random synthesizers, as well as a direct construction from lattices. Also note that we now have quantum, or we have Macs that are also secure against quantum queries. Some open questions that should need to be solved. First, proof techniques based on the Fiat-Chemire paradigm while very similar in structure to the proof handled in our paper still lack a quantum security proof. And the problem is that during the special query the underlying identification protocol is initiated and there's no real clear quantum analog to this. Also there are many other random oracle security proofs that still need quantum random oracle model proofs. Alright, thank you.