Right, so in this talk I'm going to explore aspects of the process of prokial formation in the 10th to 12th centuries in Northern England through an examination of evidence from one county in North Yorkshire. Most studies of the prokial system have focused on documentary evidence and we don't yet fully understand the material implications of that process. But by bringing stone objects such as grave monuments and fonts and architectural fabric into the interrogation of prokial development, we can illuminate the important and often overlooked role that material culture had in the creation and stabilization of the prokial system. We also get a much better sense of the complexity and the time scale of that process. So I'm hoping this presentation will give you a window into how parishes and churches developed in one part of England, but what I also like it to do is hopefully spark comparisons and contrasts in discussion about prokial development and its material implications in different parts of Europe so that we can better understand which aspects were universal and which ones were locally or regionally continued. So I'll start with some definitions because I know some of these terms might be peculiar to England and also to being a church archaeologist. So ministers were mother churches, important churches, usually established between the 7th and 9th centuries and they oversaw large pastoral territories and sometimes subsidiary minor churches. Parish churches are the main mother church of a parish, usually a much smaller territory than that that had been overseen by a minister and which had pastoral rights of baptism and marriage and burial and they collected tithes from their parishioners and dues from their subsidiary chapels. And the parish block is that building block. The parish is the building block of late medieval church organization. Prokial chapels or chapels of these are dependent churches within a parish church's territory. They usually owe dues to the parish church and they're not supposed to carry out the major sacraments. And traditionally we've thought of chapels as foundations of the later Middle Ages. They show after parish churches they're supposed to be responding to population expansion as people move away from the core villages and they need somewhere closer to go to mass. And then the local church is an umbrella term for minor churches and chapels that are often closely tied to settlement and menorial structures and have the primary duties of pastoral care. So they're not cathedrals and not abbeys. And this encompasses early medieval churches which are founded before the Prokial system crystallizes as well as those after it has been established. In England, Prokial rights and structures are undergoing a really intense process of change in the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries. They're evolving from the early Minster-based system to the familiar parish framework of the later Middle Ages and which still more or less exists today. So this is a formative period. And that general pattern appears to show the establishment of Minster churches in the seventh to ninth centuries. And in the 10th century, that system begins to break up as a large number of local churches tied to manors and settlements sprang up and eventually challenged the old Minsters for rights of pastoral care and patronage and tides and congregations. And this 10th century, this mixture of old Minsters and new local churches became the seeds of the later medieval Prokial system. But in documentary evidence, it's really the 11th and 12th centuries when those churches began to shake out in something like a formalized hierarchy about which churches are subsidiary to others, who can vary and perform sacraments and who owes dues to whom. And the steady increase in the number of local churches really slows down by the end of the 12th century when canon law plays an important role in stopping new church foundations. But disputes between churches over who had rights and status begin appearing in this period as well. So even once the map of parishes is formed, it's not particularly settled. And alongside these institutional changes, and I don't think this is an accident, we also see physical changes. Stone church building starts in England in the eighth and ninth centuries, but it becomes increasingly common in local churches during the 11th and 12th centuries. In baptism, the late 11th century and into the 12th saw a shift from more flexible baptismal places to a stone font that was focused in the parish church or in the local church. Burial in churchyards had become standard by the ninth century, but using stone monuments to mark high status burials was established by the 10th century. So stone commemoration started with standing crosses that are well known from the Viking Age and hogbacks and things like that. But it continued through the late medieval period, primarily in the form of planar monuments like this one, which are usually called cross slabs and for those of you familiar with picked-ish cross slabs that are much grander, these are a little more boring, but no less interesting. So we have this formative period of transition between Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Skin and Avian and Anglo-Norman England in which lots of infrastructural changes are happening. And in that environment, the materiality of stone, its permanence, its expense means that fonts and grave markers could have particularly powerful agency in this emerging network. They were functional liturgical objects, but they're also tangible proof of a church's right to baptize and bury. And they're also tools of social display. A patron could deploy them to flaunt their wealth and status, but simultaneously contribute to the advancement of their local church. So I don't wanna get into the detailed evidence to see what these centuries of formation actually look like on the ground. And for these maps, I've combined evidence from the surviving remains of stone churches, grave monuments and baptismal fonts with documentary evidence, mostly from Charters and Doomsday Book in order to piece together a series of maps of church foundations and patronage showing us how this system evolves over time. So this is the final parochial map of North Yorkshire at its full late medieval extent. And we have surviving evidence for 254 parish churches and chapels by the end of the Middle Ages, of which 187 are parish churches and 67 are designated as chapels. Of these, we have evidence for 38 of them existing in the 7th to 9th centuries. And these are likely once these minsters or their subsidiary churches. But by the end of the 10th century, we have 81 of them. Most of this evidence comes from Anglo-Scan and Avian grave monuments. So we know that not only was there a proliferation of churches, but that there were churchyards, burial grounds attached to these churches. And by 1100, we have 125 churches, just about half of what's there in the later Middle Ages. And it's clear that the basic skeleton of the late medieval parochial structure is very much formed by about 1100. At least 60% of the eventual parish churches are in active use at this point. A century later, that map is basically fully formed. 82% of all the churches here have evidence for their existence by about 1200 and the missing ones are mostly chapels that we know are founded in the late Middle Ages. So 90% of North Yorkshire's parish churches are here by this point. And it's very likely that late medieval building programs have erased that other 10%. I'm pretty confident that all the parish churches are in use by this time. And what's interesting too is only a few sites, only 17 sites have only documentary evidence at this point for their existence. All the others have some sort of stone material culture attached to them. So now I wanna break down what physical evidence we're actually seeing that produces this surge in churches in about 100 years. And the first notable source of evidence is architecture. So three quarters of churches have evidence for some investment in stone architecture by 1200. The 12th century is also when we see the first widespread use of stone fonts. And I'm indebted to Carolyn Toomey for this font data. 74 Romanesque style fonts survive in North Yorkshire churches and chapels and none of them date to definitely earlier than 1100. So all of them seem to appear in that 100 year span. Alongside fonts, we have a proliferation of grave monuments of these cross lab monuments which are likely patronized by menorial lords, their families and the clergy. We have 253 monuments, so lots of them at 82 sites. And the vast majority of those monuments date to the 12th century. And this is a really interesting pattern as that surge in church investment has normally been attributed to the influence of the Norman conquest and its aftermath as it was in most big churches, cathedrals and abbeys. But what we're seeing here in parish churches is a much longer term process and may have had much more to do with the negotiation of procealization and Anglo-Norman lords using ecclesiastical patronage to solidify their status rather than the Battle of Hastings. And it's important to note that this wealth of material evidence dating from the 10th to 12th centuries is not just an indicator that this period produced a lot of evidence, but also that it produced evidence that has survived. And I don't think that's accidental. Parish communities and patrons were in many cases making deliberate choices to keep and sometimes purposefully display at least some of these old things throughout the later Middle Ages, perhaps as a way of signaling their church's history and the antiquity of its foundation. And this phenomenon is something I wanna explore in looking particularly at the parochial chapels. What the material evidence shows is that the origins and early development of chapels is much more complex than the general assumption that they're late medieval foundations responding to expanding some. In North Yorkshire, none of the known late medieval chapels are in existence by the end of the 9th century, but nine are there by the end of the 10th, 11 by the end of the 11th and 34 by the end of the 12th. And they're not uniform in terms of their foundation date or their pastoral rights. Some chapels don't have any rights and they remained that way throughout the Middle Ages. Others seem to have held rights from the start and kept them and others began as full dependencies and acquired baptism and burial rights. And the acquisition of rights sometimes meant that they got elevated to being parish churches, but other times they remained technically dependent even though they had these pastoral responsibilities. So the status of a church and chapel could often be really unclear well into the 12th and 13th centuries. And these relationships were complicated because chapels were closely tied to patterns of manners and landholding, not just ecclesiastical relationships. So for instance, in the late 12th century, there's a little red highlight down there, the Church of Mighton on Swale was claimed by the treasurer of York Minster to be a chapel dependent on his parish church at all, which is this one there, but the Abbot of St. Mary's maintains that it's a parish church owned by the Abbey. And it seems that St. Mary's won that argument because right around that time, we see the first burial monument go in at the church and then they get a full rebuild right around 1200. In North Yorkshire, many churches which were designated as chapels by the later Middle Ages had been in existence from the 11th and 12th centuries or even well before. In addition, perhaps due to this ancient foundation, some of these old chapels seem to have acquired rights of baptism and burial very early. So Pickering's dependent chapel, so Pickering is the P here in the middle, and its dependent chapels of Allerston, Eberston, and Ellerburn all become independent parish churches in the middle of the 13th century, but Eberston and Ellerburn already have fonts from about a century earlier. Eberston also has five grave monuments that date to before 1200, and Ellerburn has a grave marker from the 10th century. Another example is Lockton, which you could see here is LO, which was a chapel of Middleton throughout the Middle Ages, but it's recorded in the 16th century that burials, marriages, and baptism had been practiced there since time out of mind, even though we don't have any material evidence for that. So some of these chapels were clearly doing the work of a parish church. And we see a similar pattern at the parish of Gilling West where Hutton Magna, there, Fawcett, Barton, Erieholm, and South Coutin are all documented as dependent chapels in 1396, but Fawcett has an exceptionally large number of burial markers dating to the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries, and Hutton, Magna, Barton, and Erieholm all had fonts by the 12th century. So the character of these chapels as places of elite patronage and rights seems to have been established before canon law could put them in their proper places in the parochial structure. So even though they had a dependent kind of connotation or their assigned place was dependent, once their rights to baptized and buried were recognized to be of antiquity, it was probably very difficult to take those away. And if we only looked at documentary evidence for parochial formation, we would miss entirely that these chapels were early centers of elite patronage and pastoral care. The reality of their position and the complexity of their history only becomes visible when we bring in material evidence. 54 of the early stone fonts we have are found at parish churches, while 20 are located at chapels. But the relative rates of survival at parish churches and chapels are interesting. About one third of parish churches retain a 12th century font, while over half of chapels, which were in existence by 1200, happened. And there's a significantly stronger tendency for early chapels to retain their original font through the later Middle Ages compared to parish churches. And so here are some examples of fonts at chapels, possibly because of the font's role as a powerful symbol of how long the church had held pastoral rights or the chapel had held pastoral rights. Parish churches also have 12th century fonts more often than those of any other medieval date. So preserving the original font was clearly very important to churches across the board. But in many cases, parish fonts were supplanted by new, more stylistically up-to-date, fashionable fonts at some point in the later Middle Ages. But in contrast, none of the chapels that are in existence before 1200 have a late medieval font. They either have a 12th century font, a post-medieval one, or they don't have one at all. So this indicates that either those chapels didn't achieve baptismal rights in the Middle Ages, or if they did, it was likely their original font that the modern one replaced them. So many fewer early chapels apparently held barrier rights than baptismal ones, only nine of them. Probably because burial came with a mandatory fee, which baptism did not. So parish churches had a real incentive to hold on to that right. 58 parish churches feature funerary sculpture from the 10th century, but only nine chapels still possess commemorative evidence from before 1200. What we do see, however, is a high degree of continuity of burial rights. If you have it in the 10th century, you tend to have it in the 11th and 12th centuries. And so these are examples of churches that have both. And one interesting example that doesn't feature this continuity is Haxby, and that's down here. But what it does have is a 10th century monument. It doesn't have any from the 11th or 12th centuries, so Haxby may have lost its burial rights at some point during the Anglo-Norman period. It definitely didn't have burial rights in 1328 because they were petitioning for rights from their parish church because they had lost a dead body into the river when they were trying to bring him to the parish church to be buried. So they had this great sob story of why they needed to be able to bury at their church. And in general, because it was unusual for chapels that had gained early burial rights to lose them, even when they did lose that right at some point, having preserved their ancient commemorative sculpture may have helped them get it back. So losing a body to the river is a good argument, but it gets bolstered by the fact that they can point to the fact that they were burying at Haxby about 350 years before. So to sum up, the material culture of North Yorkshire's churches and chapels tells us a lot about when and how the churches came into being, revealing the intricacies of the formation of the parochial system. It also tells us about how patrons and parish communities deliberately utilized material culture to claim rights and status and historical legacies. Although Canon Law certainly played an important role in stabilizing the parochial system, on a practical level it seems that material evidence of rights could be more powerful than legislation. The deliberate preservation of Romanesque fonts and Anglo-Scaninavian and Anglo-Norman commemorative sculpture into the later Middle Ages indicates their values to the church community. They were tangible, durable embodiments of the church or chapels history and rights which could be physically produced as evidence if someone questioned them. And this was essential prior to the dominance of the written record, but these objects obviously maintained their authority even after the documentation of parochial status was standard. When we look at a map of the fully formed late medieval parochial system, it appears orderly and static, but that hides the fact that its formation was often a highly uncertain process. The survival of a particular church in its privileges wasn't guaranteed and material culture was an essential part of establishing and maintaining a church's place in society. Thank you.


We are decentralizing completely from the national grid. So we have a scheme, for example, called energizing economies, where we're simply putting solar power in markets and industrial clusters across the country. In the marketplaces, we're actually putting solar and in some cases, we're using gas. We started with our area market in Abar where we've put solar in that market. We have solar also in Sabangari market, some of the big markets. We have in Undu as well, several of the markets in Undu. In Lagos as well, we're putting into some of these economic clusters. The point, of course, is that we cannot wait for our national grid to supply the entire nation. That's why we're decentralizing. We're also encouraging the states and private sector in the different states to provide power and to get paid for their power. That's what is called our eligible customer program. So we're trying to do as much as possible in terms of decentralizing power so that individual spaces can also have their own power while the national grid is ramping up to be able to produce more power.


Hi everyone, my name's Steve and I'm the Development Manager for the Pop-Up Village. It's great to be able to talk to you today about some of the exciting things coming when the village opens in just at the beginning of semester 2. I'm also here to answer some of your questions. There have been a lot of them coming through and I'm going to give you a little bit of an insight into what to expect at the Pop-Up Village. We've had questions about the Bryan Canyon space and where it will be in the Pop-Up. The Good New Year's is a Nusrah and Parsa both moving into Melville Hall and the Bryan Canyon space will form part of that combined with Parsa's Student Hub space. It's going to be set about 200 people with some expanded activities available in that room. I've been asked about the green space, the setting of the Pop-Up Village. The Pop-Up Village was designed to sit amongst a treeed environment and so we've designed the buildings to nestle amongst the trees. The Pop-Up Village also is elevated on a deck so that we touch the ground lightly and through all weather conditions people can get great access to the Pop-Up Village. So it's going to be a beautiful green setting for the next 18 months. We've been asked about what businesses will be in the Pop-Up and the good news is a lot of the university's current businesses are moving into the Pop-Up. Some names like Zambrero, Sushi Smith, really popular with students will be there. We're also bringing in some externals as well so operators like Redbrick Espresso will be joining some of our exciting food trucks. So there's going to be a great offer of new and familiar for you right throughout the life of the village. We've been asked about live gigs and entertainment. There's a great space for you with about, it seats about 400 people. It has a stage area so we'll do kind of medium sized acts that will be national and international gigs. The space will be available also to students like yourselves. The clubs and societies will have access to it. So there's going to be a range of entertainment program right throughout the life of the village. The popular one we've been asked about are drink prices in the Pop-Up Village at the new bar. And we've got our external bar operator new to the campus, the Burley Group. They've been out busy talking to students, asking them about all sorts of things that they want to see in the village. One of the things that Keith is going to mention is the price of drinks. So they're well aware of it and they're going to come with a great offer that appeals to students and their price points as well as the rest of Canberra that we want to visit the village as well. And we've been asked a lot about people with disabilities and their ability to access the Pop-Up Village. And the village is designed around universal access principles. We've elevated it onto a deck. It's accessible from all directions and it's designed over one single level as well. So we're trying to make it as easy as possible for people to get access right throughout the village. Will food in the village be affordable? Another common question we get asked. So there's going to be a range of food and drink options. Everything from food trucks doing really fast and convenient food through to more cafe style environments where you can sit down, relax and have a full plated meal. So there's going to be something for everyone in the village. So everyone, thanks very much for your question so far. Make sure you visit the Union Court website. There's information there, full list of all of the tennis that are coming to the Pop-Up Village. Subscribe to the newsletter so you get constant updates about what's going on. And I look forward to seeing you at the Pop-Up Village when it opens.


Anyone who's been following my channel over the years knows that I talk a lot about rumors, especially when it comes to Nintendo stuff And a lot of times the rumors end up not necessarily being correct or coming true There are obviously times when they do when we talk about stuff that comes from like King's Elf from reset era as an example but more than that There are times that we cover rumors that come from Twitter and come from people that I don't necessarily know if I trust now Sabi here is a well-known leaker I mean most of this twenty seven point four K following is from leaks and Sabi has gotten a number of leaks correct But there's also been Reports and and kind of statements from people that Sabi isn't actually the source of this stuff That he's actually getting it from different people at reset era or neogaf or other places on the internet Sometimes 4chan and kind of regurgitating so it's hard to know Who is the source of what this information is? But what is kind of true is a lot of stuff that Sabi does put out there ends up being correct in the end now Sabi put up this new thing in 2020 so you can kind of figure out who this person is or at least who they claim to be Because we can't confirm if Sabi actually is a video game journalist But you'll see that they say you know that a recent college graduate working as a journalist in the video game industry I probably wait for spiel times and Nintendo soup now. I know about Nintendo soup. It's a side. I follow a little bit But it's not really a big site and it's not a site that I think would be able to pay someone to be a journalist So it's got to be more of a volunteer position, which isn't a bad thing But anyone can work that kind of position to be fair. It doesn't require you be a college college graduate We probably primarily tweets opinions on games tech video game news rumors and sometimes leaks due to my extensive history Sharing information from verified sources most found me through said Intel a little boss. They recognize that most people follow him because Of that. Oh, I also support another he says more importantly I try to use this Twitter to share my articles that share information from reputable sources Give me on games and tech and connected community people who like video games on all platforms All of me for a little up. So what he's trying to say is that he's not like a typical leaker he's trying to trying to tell you that that Sabi likes to think he or she is a Credible leaker because they're a journalist. No, I've been a journalist for many many years Sullivan former to game easier. I've written a little bit on Nintendo everything in the past I I've worked at various websites and I've had you know conversations with like Rami Cowboy who runs? Go Nintendo I've talked to people from Nintendo life I've been kind of all over in the Nintendo realm of game journalism And I don't necessarily think that that makes you any more credible to be fair when it comes to having sources I'm not saying that I don't have sources, but I'm not also going to act like my sources are like the most reliable things in the world They're actual people with actual jobs at places that could have access to certain bits of information but it doesn't you know information is always changing so fast behind the scenes that I don't really talk a lot about my sources because They might be right and they might be wrong and it's just not worth throwing out there We're someone else is gonna throw information out there at least comment on what I've heard and what I know And when all these direct rumors started coming up lately I have people behind the scenes telling me that hey look a directs coming like next week basically This isn't me saying that it's going to happen, but that's what I'm hearing So since rumors are already out there screw it. That's what I know But again, it could change and be the week after or I don't know I honestly couldn't tell you because I am not in charge of Nintendo directs But the reason we're talking about savvy is not just because they've gotten a lot of things, you know Quote-unquote correct over the past year or two It's because of some rumors that they're talking about in terms of what the major holiday title is gonna be now They talk about the wonderful one-on-one There's a new rumor out there that there's gonna be a Kickstarter for it coming up soon to bring it to PlayStation 4 and the Nintendo switch And savvy actually talked about this before that rumor popped up that the wonderful one-on-one was was going to be Rumbling muffled words of a platinum wonderful one-on-one in the distance But what's interesting here is this tweet right here? This is the one That that we're gonna pay attention to now you could talk about Paper Mario the savvy's been talking about Paper Mario for a little bit But this is the one right here that we're gonna kind of focus on Breath of the Wild 2 is taking longer than anticipated back during E3 of 2019 So it's making it sound like the original plan for Nintendo was Breath of the Wild 2 was supposed to be this year's holiday title Might not make it out this year. So it's kind of being pushed to 2021 at some time maybe even early 2021 But that is being pushed even though we never got a release date for it and that there's gonna be a different major title for this holiday and They are inferring that more credence to the major title I was referencing on a tweet the other day neither are set in stone to take himself the more likely one has tires Now if someone a major holiday title No, it could be F zero could you know it could be Diddy Kong racing coming back But if it's a major holiday title, it's almost assuredly Mario Kart 9 now There's been a lot of debate among me and some of my hardcore fans on the discord server I'm whether or not Mario Kart 9 even needs to exist this generation or should exist this generation Because Mario Kart 8 deluxe is the most popular and best-selling game on switch. It just sold 6 million new copies You know in 2019 basically like that's insane that that game that came out we you know age You know ages ago is selling that phenomenally well still at 60 bucks a pop on switch in 2019 and now 2020 so Do we really need a Mario Kart 9? But what's also true is that it's not like Mario Kart 9 is going to hurt switch sales It's just gonna hurt the final number for Mario Kart 8 deluxe Mario Kart 9 is a surely a good thing for Nintendo switch It's gonna move switch units and it is something that people are going to buy and buy a switch to play in the Mist of a PlayStation 5 and the next Xbox coming out We've talked in the past about how Breath of the Wild 2 would be the right kind of game to draw attention Away from those platforms because hey look Breath of the Wild was this must-have game Breath of the Wild 2 like who cares about PlayStation 5 I need to get a switch But Mario Kart kind of has an even bigger appeal than Zelda so not even kind of it's massively more appealing. It's one of Nintendo's most popular IPs So that is also a very good game to combat next gen or when I say combat I'm more like get attention while next gen is launching so The biggest thing obviously for me when Mario Kart 9 is not that it's you know, should it exist It's going to exist just from a business perspective. It needs to exist It's gonna make millions and millions hundreds of millions of dollars for Nintendo to be completely honest, but to me The question is always what else can they do? It's not gonna visually look much different than Mario Kart 8 deluxe They could add more characters and more courses of course and more items. That's what they always do They always had new features and I think Mario Kart 8 deluxe was was kind of the perfect Mario Kart game Maybe I am just You know too wrapped up in the moment or something But I've been playing Mario Kart 8 for a long time We you on forward and it always felt like basically the perfect Mario Kart so I don't I don't even know what they can do in nine What I do know is that I'll still buy it though because Mario Kart has never really let me down I just I just don't know what more they could do So I guess what I what I want to kind of throw here for the end of this video is I want to ask you guys What do you think Nintendo can do with Mario Kart 9 now? I don't know if it's coming again later this year It seems to be with Sabi is referencing or say be however you want to pronounce it as referencing that We're going to be getting Mario Kart 9 this holiday But I just I can't help but wonder what else can be done And does it not matter because even if it's just more of the same you're gonna buy it anyways because more of the same for my Like more of like if it's a Mario Kart, you know 8 deluxe, but more of the same I mean Mario Kart 8 deluxe is the best Mario Kart game in my opinion. Why would I not want more? So I don't know throwing that out there I think I think Mario Kart 9 by the way like you guys you guys were impressed by those Pokemon sword and shield numbers right 16 million I wouldn't be shot at Mario Kart 9 hits 20 million in the first like two three months. It's on the market That's how big a deal Mario Kart is so I don't know you guys let me know what you think about this down in the Comments below what what are your thoughts? What more could they do with it? Do you want to see you know, oh, maybe oh, maybe multiple play styles come back like bring back You know double-dash style or something There's a lot of things they can do but to me Mario Kart 8 deluxe is so like this close to perfection for a Mario Kart game I'm not really sure what to do With a Mario Kart 9 granted I don't work at Nintendo and it's not my job to figure that out But it is something that it's always in the back of my mind like, you know, what can they do with a Mario Kart 9? Anyways, I am Nathaniel Ruffel Jantz known as Nate Jantz on this channel Formally called Nintendo Prime. We still primarily cover Nintendo stuff But we'll be covering and expanding, you know, our cover just things go here as we get back into the swing of things I want to thank you for tuning in on you this Saturday the first of February and I do want to make a small little announcement at the end of this podcast or the end of this podcast in this video And it's about the podcast so the Nintendo Prime podcast is coming back this week It will be here every single week from here on forward for the rest of the year If you would like to support the podcast set on over to patreon.com slash Nintendo Prime come a patron You get you get different perks at different levels the biggest You know, I think perk that we offer is that for 20 bucks a month You can be on an episode of the podcast so go ahead and check that out now is the time to get back on our patreon and check it out and help out the Podcast because we've got a lot of big plans with it between Eric and 5j me and all the guests that we're gonna be having lined up for this year It's gonna be pretty fantastic, and I can't wait Remember that podcast is a podcast. We do live at 9 p.m. Central Standard Time on Thursdays Audio version goes up the next day And yeah, I'm stoked. In fact, if you do get on an episode of the podcast I actually in the future moving forward I will be reaching out to the people who sign up For those specific weeks and asking them if there's any topics they would like to cover So we can kind of tailor the podcast also around the interest of our patrons. So Yeah, that's gonna be a lot of fun So I want to thank you guys so much for tuning in to this video You guys don't know what your thoughts are about Mario Kart 9 about this rumor Do you think it's real and what do you want to happen with the next Mario Kart game? And man as much as it sucks to think I might have to wait even longer for breath a while to at least Tell us over these days this time. So It's all I got for you. So until next time. I'll catch you guys in the next video


Mike Claybaugh is back again to show you how to deal with those tricky uphill and downhill lies. Today we're going to talk about playing from uphill and downhill lies. The key to these shots are to fool your body that you're on a level lie. For a downhill lie we're going to take our normal stance but we are our spine is going to tilt down with the slope. Our goal is to try to get our shoulders parallel to the slope that we're on. Because we are tilting forward the ball is going to move a little bit forward in our in our stance and because we are tilted forward it's going to deal off the club so we're going to want to take one less club for the shot that we have. For the uphill lie we're going to want to tilt our spine up the slope again trying to make our shoulders parallel to the slope. Because we've tilted back the ball is going to move back a little bit in our stance. With the club perpendicular to the slope it's added loft so we're going to need one more club instead of the nine I'm going to hit the eight. And again follow the slope with your swing. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


It's going on everybody got calamity we're late in sports cards We are ripping 2023 bowman's best and tops chrome logo factor six box mixer number four random team style in one second guys Let me type in our thing We are doing our super frack to brown you guys can begin guessing now you guys want to guess Which super fractors only applies to these three moments best, but if you are able to guess we are at 325 on the 490 on the guest of super and we're at 325 on the super itself if you guys are able to pull the super Alright keep on give about 15 more seconds here Appreciate everybody. I'm getting guesses in hanging out with us today Just two breaks left with spots guys bowman chrome basketball got a hobby case and a delight case All right give about 10 more five four three two and That'll do it All right guys. Good luck. Let's see a super out of here. Let's see a super out of here. 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They just showed like three top 25 Really, yeah, must be Robert week or something Davis Martin to 250 coleslaw Montgomery And volt be refractor like they showed Houston supposed to play someone in the top 10 I forgot who said and then there was like another one and then there was the duke and you see wave mckel cabrera It's another good day of college basketball.  I don't know, but she lacked brain in my aya and rodrick arias UNC has five losses. How are they in the top 10 last two trips duke has taken that? UNC they won That's something masterpieces rookie riley green solace and dale asantus Maybe could be maybe there's a michael harris on the rookie. I don't know. That's when their breaks atl michael bobe chat refractor There's a showway of tony on the mini diamond reel the real freeman and tatsis an hl all-star game today francisco and brice harper to long 99 I don't know Are they doing the hl all-star in the crowbar on the same weekend? Oh, no, and it's in the middle of the day too Yeah, I don't care. I don't really want you either to be honest There's a base auto of henry chevilli for the twins henry chevilli rondo lacuna Come on super Chalact is a um francisco or not francisco. Um, that's masatake yoshida and casus refractor rookie Yeah, they do like uh, they do like a round robin kind of thing like a tournament, right? They have like multiple teams It's like four teams interesting No, I got you tanny. I got you. I might I might take a look. I might take a look I might have to watch a little bit More interesting than the pro bowl 100 percent. Oh, yeah, I have zero interest in the pro bowl Literally, none.  I could see that All right guys still got nine to go duke michigan state iowa state oregon maryland three combo teams in arkansas There's a 75 louise laura for the um rivers 75 Jelito rafi devils Nick david won a million last night That makes sense wave of kodai senga and the 250 camon arrow. I have to imagine he would win the skills competition Hello rich. Hello rich. What are we doing? There's a base auto aerial cash throw for the twins camon arrow shellac the match shaw and a jacob gonzalez Aaron judge refractor To 150 diego cartaya for the dodgers one soto rookie medeiros justin crawford real the real montez and jacob wilson Come on super Blue to 150 your dawn and a base auto gig gonzalez mariners shellac is going to be churio and kasey schmitt box three of best Good luck. Good luck guys Justin taking a logo refractor spot for tonight and quarry We're on the email quarry grabbing a bowman jumbo spot for tonight. Thank you guys We'll miss a sand later Masterpieces corbin carol. We got the 209 match shaw for the cubbies and matt mervis There's a base auto kenny gomez And corbin carol refractor many diamond going to be shellacked of um churio Adley ruchman refractor rookie dude. He has the worst hairline of all time neighbor Texas like this guy It's like it's a wave bobby wit J ran. Yeah, it's way up there and auto's gonna be based on a diamond whorehead I know I know working on it working on it shady. Come on Working on it regular refractor not going to cut it. There's a corbin carol refractor select to 199 It's going to be here at 299 199 199 Jordan walker Oswald for raza res max clark. Oh, is corbin carol the 50? You're getting closer getting closer shady on the rookie True gold nice on d-backs and a base auto dalton rushing getting closer I'm on corbin rookie corbin carol Corbin box corbin box. Oh boy Real surreal miguel cabrera and lindore And 299 we got afraid of dunham for the reds Afraid of back of best Maybe a shellacked jordan walker Jordan walker All righty here guys now. We got three logo fractors. Good luck. Good luck See some nice color out of here Thank you james taking the white socks and diamond icons for later And nico taking a mixer spot for later. Thank you guys Appreciate that Keep on ripping him Gunner rookie dj lamaku Yeah, these are quit quite a bit bendy for sure They're straight now when you get them in top loaders, but they are quite a bit bendy on the base Roddy logo packs jonathan a ronda rookie jock peterson. There's oswald for raza rookie future stars millen gorman and de graham Oh, hoppy rookie. We've got vargas rookie. There's boba shat to 250 On the purple and scion shane to 199 for the rates It's scion shane mclanahan. All righty One logo down One logo down james taking the fillies as well in a um icons case Still nine to go bowman's bowman chrome university. There's an akunya.  Send them in soon soon soon soon Program is on the 28th and we we have to get them in by then so 15th will be the last day All right to logo pecs salvo pares byron boston. There's a gay marino nice rookie there to 199 dbex On the pink silver or logo and a vulpi logo fracter This one there kodaisanga uh the 250 siung shane autis and paingan All right, you guys one more one more box and for our show There's a shohai There's a buyback again there for the angels Seiya Suzuki and last two logo fracter packs They max meyer rookie logo fracter. We've got two 199 rafi The red socks and so 150 michael confordo Riley green and masataki Yoshida to last logo fracter pack And a avon herera rookie and z kills iran as a future stars vulpi nelson alaskas and cedric mullins All righty there guys that'll do it for the six box mixer I'm almost bowman's best and tops chroma logo fracter six box number four They gold the 50 corbin carol and had bass auto dalton rushing Jorge cany gomez benzales aerial castro javili rookie auto michael harris had kasevich refractor jacob barry It's 150 cartaya to 99 alfredo donno and a 75 louisa laura or the brew crew Alrighty there guys that'll do it for the six box mixer just bowman chrome basketball left for today Just bowman chrome basketball


news update. Good morning, folks. This is Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny Delray Beach, Florida. This year, 11 am update. We got a mixed bag out here that makes coming from the Dow and the S&P, which are up 87 and eight points respectively. Nasdaq one is up eight. Russell's off five. Semi zero up 10. We got a mixed bag out here. Gold's off 60 cents. Silver is flat. Lights recruit up 86 pennies. Natural gas up 15 cents. She's trained out in 708 and a 30 year treasury trained at 126 07. That's back 18 30 seconds. As we take a look at our nine panel market update chart, we'll see that the S mini again for three sessions in a row struggling to take out the top of its daily profile. That's at the 3807 level out there. That's the area to watch. Close above that. We then suggest to move up to the 38 98 area, but if can't bust some of the upside price may try to bust them to the downside support for the S mini is between 3645 and 3677. If you take last spot politics, still well above its 50 day exponential moving average, the 50 days at 2671, the spot is straight out at 2917. As long as the spot politics remains above that, it's going to be a very choppy market or a market that wants to move lower. If you take a look at the NQ out there and both the all the, you know, the S&Q, the Russell, the Dow, they'll have bottoming patterns out there by the D point patterns, the case, the NQ just consolidating with inside its daily profile, its resistance level 11, 8, 41. If you take a look at the US dollar index, talking about hitting resistance, the top of its daily profile, which is at the one 1191 area out there. Close above that would suggest a run for the Hills know its recent highs. If we take a look at Goldilocks out there, what you don't see a question should be, hey, Stevo, prices above its daily profile, prices above the center of its weekly profile, how come it's not moving up to 1779? And during the Trader Z show, we'll go take a look at that weekly chart, which shows the Ossetian change line, which is red. And that's where prices finding resistance, that's going to be important message come tomorrow. Silver, it is trained above the top of its weekly profile. It is trained above the top of a new daily profile that is attempting to form, but yesterday was a sell the D point pattern, a bearish and golfing candle. That suggests that Silver wants to pull back lights, we crude should go target the top of its weekly profile. And that's up at the 90 65 level, natural gas has a nice buy the D point pattern price inside that bullet structure profile. It should now target the top of that profile where the sellers reside. That's at $7 and 37 cents in the 30 year treasury, trying to hold support. That's the bottom of its daily profile and at 120 604 folks, if you're off to start through a Thursday, please have a terrific one. If not, stay tuned for the trader's edge show will be back in just a few moments.


Good morning, good afternoon everybody no matter where you are on the globe today and welcome to The session this morning from I know on team meetings that don't suck Something which made me smile avoid retrospective anti patterns certainly something we all keen to learn about and we joined today by I know Cory From Denmark actually so true global conference today, and we're glad that you can join us today I know Hello everybody. I wish I was in India right now Not just because of the weather which I'm sure is nicer than the very cold Denmark But also because you have such cool earrings and very much forwards to go in there again and getting more earrings So today I'm going to talk about team meetings that don't suck with the help from retrospective anti patterns and The way that I learned about Retrospectives was I think 15 years ago at a conference with Linda rising she talked about retrospectives and she gave me this book Project retrospectives by norm kerth. So I read this book and I found it Fantastic, and if you don't have it you should you should try to get a hold of it. It's difficult, but you still can and That really encouraged me to start facilitating retrospectives Just with the team that I was working with at the Danish IT company But then I started facilitating retrospectives for our customers and now for the past Ten years. I've been an independent consultant and I'm actually mostly facilitating retrospectives Also had a chance to To give a course together with the last and who wrote the agile retrospectives in 2006 and this book is fantastic You're facilitating any retrospectives because it gives you a very good introduction to what you need to do How you should prepare and what you should be warrior And there of course the reason why I'm doing this talk is because I wrote this book called retrospective anti patterns Which shows all the things that I did wrong in my 15 years as a facilitator and what I did to Dremedy it. So if you want to learn from my experiences with the retrospectives, you could you could read this book so I'm going to go through six of the retrospectives from the book today and My goal with this talk, I'm always trying to tell people Why they should spend these 45 minutes because when you're on your deathbed and you're thinking I only have 45 minutes left If only I hadn't seen this talk with I know I would have more time So what's the reason why I'm spending time listening to this talk right now?  They're actually really happy that it's retrospective time. They're like, yay That's what we're going to do now. So that that's my aim To enable you to make retrospectives that that people really appreciate and do not feel is a waste of time But first I want to say what I mean by Anti-patterns and what I mean by retrospectives because some people Misunderstood these terms. So first off a pattern that you know is a literary description of experience So it has a pattern name, which is really important for discussing This solution then it has the context and forces the problem domain that you're in when you want to Apply this solution then you have an abstract pattern solution that can then be implemented in your particular context And that pattern solution has benefits and consequences now an anti-pattern to To look at this in contrast to a pattern it also has a name which is equally important to have the anti-pattern name to say Are we now talking we're in this situation? We want to avoid this situation. It also has a context and forces Then it has the anti-pattern solution, which is what you Accidentally do because you think it's a good idea, but it turns out that the negative consequences are larger than the benefits and Then in an anti-pattern, you don't just have the bad solution described You also have the refactored solution. So how can you get out of this situation or how can you avoid getting into this situation again? And of course the refactored solution has benefits and consequences as well. Nothing is without consequences So let me give you an example because the interesting thing is that over time and in a different context and with a different Technology something that is a pattern solution somewhere can become an anti-pattern solution somewhere else as an example The microservices architectural pattern is a pattern solution but in some contexts using the Microservices Architectural pattern can become an anti-pattern and suddenly your architecture can start looking like this Which is a mess of microservices, which is even worse than the monolith that you had in the beginning So the refactored solution in some of these cases is to say let's go back to the monolith Because actually the microservices did not apply well in this context. So you see you have the problem You have the anti-pattern solution and then you have the refactored solution If you look at patterns, then they actually the different patterns go through a gardener hype cycle like the Also like the microservices pattern it went through a peak of inflated expectations and everybody wanted to apply these microservices Now we're at the throw of this illusionment where a lot of people are Noticing we can't really implement these microservices well for us and it's actually worse than it was before and then at some point It will end into that plateau of productivity Where microservices as a pattern is used exactly in the right places where it should be used and not overused So that is sort of the life cycle of patterns and anti patterns and the anti patterns I'll go through today are things that I thought the anti pattern solutions I thought were was a good idea, but then it turned out they had negative consequences and then I refactored them So that's what I mean when I say anti patterns. What do I mean when I say retrospectives? Retrospectives is a recurring meeting for a team where they share what has happened They are appreciating what happened both the good things and the bad things and they appreciate each other as well and Foremost they're learning from this. So to me the retrospective is a recurring team meeting for the team by the team and It's the core of agile development It is the essence of inspecting and adapting because what you do at a retrospective is that you're inspecting You're looking at the situation we're at right now And then we're trying to adapt and change things make little experiments and overall to understand everything is to forgive everything so this Recurring retrospective meeting also gives you a chance to understand why things happen and then forgive other people instead of bearing a grudge and having Having scapegoats in your team saying he always does wrong. She's always stupid Then you have this chance to really understand what went wrong and to learn and to forgive So with those two concepts at hand, I want to go through the the six anti patterns that I've brought and If you want to ask questions while I'm talking you can use the chat or the Q&A I'll sort of try to look at it from time to time But there will be time at the end and Debbie will help us with the Q&A if there are any questions that I haven't answered during the talk Thank you Debbie So the first one I want to talk about is the wheel of fortune the wheel of fortune is one of the anti patterns that I see most often and For a wheel fortune you should as you see the little octopus that it's sort of turning wheel of fortune as you wouldn't typically and then sometimes The the arrow hits a price and sometimes the arrow hits something. That's not a price And that's the whole point of this anti pattern is that sometimes you're lucky and you're working on the right thing and sometimes you're not Let me take you through this Imagine that for the data gathering you're using these start stop continue posters. I I found a picture where they're in like a wheel of fortune But normally people just have these three posters start stop continue sometimes it's do more of sometimes It's also do less up and what I see often is Is that this is the retrospective? They say let's let's just brainstorm on things you should start stop and continue doing so sometimes what comes up is that we Should have more pair programming. We should have less meetings. We should stop ignoring the pull requests and The then because they want to rush through the retrospective They say great if we want more pair programming will just plan more pair programming three days a week three hours a day And these people we want less meetings white will only have two Stand-up meetings instead of five and we'll only have every other planning and every other retrospective So we cut down on the meetings very efficient and to stop ignoring the pull requests We'll make some sort of bots in our slack conversation so that people will never forget and cannot ignore it Right and then that retrospective is over and if the problem really is that people forget About pair programming and they forget about the pull requests and they actually have too many meetings Then those action points are relevant and great as a result of a retrospective But unfortunately what you see when you gather the data is sometimes just a symptoms of the problems and not the actual courses So for instance, if you have this more pair programming If you dive a little bit into the discussion about this Maybe you would see that the reason why people don't have pair programming is because they don't trust each other Maybe there's not psychological safety. Maybe they don't know what technology they should use to do it online Or maybe they just don't see the point Maybe nobody has ever explained to them how this in the long run is much more efficient than just working as a soul developer So planning to have more pair programming will not solve the underlying course and the same with the meetings I have so many retrospectives where people say we want less meetings. We have too many meetings Let's just cut down on the meetings and If the problem is not the amount of meetings But the quality of meetings and the thought behind the meetings then this won't help because even though you have less meetings They'll still be a waste of time. They'll still be frustrating So you just need to look at the quality of your meetings. Who should you invite? Is there an agenda by spending too much time? I'm I thinking about what the expected result is and what you want to use that result for could one big meeting with a lot of people I've actually become Like ten smaller meetings with less people that would be much more efficient and stop ignoring the pull requests Well, maybe there are other reasons for ignoring the pull requests Maybe people don't feel that they have enough knowledge or they have the skill set to actually do that so There can be many courses behind these things and just solving what you see in Gathering data could could be a waste of time because then you come up with action points that won't help you It's like putting skin lotion on on skin cancer It will perhaps remove the rash but the skin cancer is still there and then you will have retrospectives where The same problems pop up again because the course the underlying course is still there So The anti-pattern here is if you just want to rush through the retrospective and as you are gathering data You're already planning what to do what you should do instead the refacted solution is to go back to the basics of a retrospective and go through the five phases Setting the stage gathering data generating insights deciding what to do and Closing the retrospective Closing the retrospective so so set the stage get ready This is where you look at the action points from the last retrospective. You follow up on them Did we do it? They did have the expected effect or they did not have an effect You ask everybody to say something because when everybody has said something Then it's easier for them to say something during the retrospective. Maybe there's a theme for the retrospective Perhaps one of the things that we didn't have time to talk about at the last retrospective We want to focus on that now. Maybe the testing process Or could it could it be how you're learning as a team? So setting the stage is really important Also to make people feel that this is the room. We're now closing and everything that happens in here will stay in here Gathering data. This is the sometimes. I think the easiest part of a retrospective Because you can use the start stuff continue nothing wrong with doing that or the timeline or the ship retrospective Or there's so many other ways of gathering data in retrospectives that are more fun And I think it's important to shift the way you bear the data from time to time because the brain is a lazy lazy organ So if you constantly ask the same questions to the brain, you'll get the same answers. So try shifting that up a bit And then comes the interesting thing for this anti pattern the generating insights So generating insights is the part where you should be digging more into these action points And I see that there's a chat. It could be digging more in details could lead to pinpoint someone Maybe I misunderstood that question. I'll come back to that later. Maybe you're talking about creating a scapegoat So I'll I'll resurface that one later So generating insights with this anti pattern is to spend more time trying to understand why these things happen So it can just be to talk about the post-it notes. So what happened? How did we end here? It could be the five wires or the five house If you have something that is a recurring or a big problem that you think is very critical and you don't immediately see What is causing this or you think that it's so complex that there are more things causing it You could use this This fishbone diagram also calls the ishkinava diagram So what you do here is that you say, well, we have a problem and we put that problem at the head of the fish And then you draw this fish skeleton So the problem could could be we have a missed deadline. I know there's a spelling error there, but it should say deadline So we have a missed deadline and then we ask the people in the retrospective to brainstorm on okay, so how how could we What could what could have caused this to happen? What could the causes be and then people maybe say well, we missed the deadline because of a poor prioritization We we didn't prioritize and we didn't reprioritize when we learned something more Maybe we had too much tech debt and we had too much to struggle with it was too difficult to implement these solutions based on this technology We have could also be that there's no motivation There's no celebration of the small wins It could also be that the cry requirements were set too early And of course if you ask people to come up with these things in the brainstorm Everything is okay. So somebody might say well, it's because the desks are too small That might not be the real cause but they need it to say it and it's a good time to say it So again when you brainstorm then accept that it is a brainstorm and you get everything This can of course also be done asynchronously if it's an online retrospective You can send that out prior to the meeting and people have more time to think about it and to add on to other people's courses And the next point is deciding what to do and there's a lot to be said about deciding what to do. We could talk about how do we actually Decide what to talk about what do we how do we decide what to do in the action points? Is it a democratic vote? Should we use consensus or consent? We don't have time to go into this today But it's important to think about how you decide what to do based on what you did at the retrospective And then the last thing is closing the retrospective make a summary of it so that people don't afterwards walk out and say How did we go from here to there? Who decided these action points and what are we going to get out of them? Just remind people we talked about these things these problems and we celebrated these wins And then we decided these action points are these retrospectives And also when you close the retrospective, you should make sure That somebody's responsible by actually getting these action points or experiments done They don't have to do all of it themselves But somebody should be responsible for initiating it for sending the first email for setting up a meeting and for Feeding back into the next retrospective in the follow-up on what happened So you can see that the retrospective has these five phases and it fits well with the the life of any meeting The life of any meeting looks like this Where you start with a topic where you're in agreement And then you sort of you open the retrospective you talk about All these are my experiences. This is more data. This is what I've thought about So you you're in the divergence phase and then you're in the groan zone where people are discussing and And trying to figure out. Oh, is this good? Is this good? Maybe this works Maybe this doesn't work and then in the end you're you have to converge the retrospective or any meeting into something Where you have a decision you have some sort of conclusion in in a retrospective It will be one two three action points or experiments in other meetings. It might be We need a follow-up meeting or this is what we decided to do So in some teams you will You will see that that it's easy to go into the divergence But once they're in the groan zone, they want to stop and they want to jump into the convergence again Because if their developers they're trained to come up with solutions So whenever they see a problem They want to find a solution immediately And that's how as a facilitator you need to keep this groan zone open. That's what you do in the generating insights phase You're saying we're not talking about solutions right now If you have a proposal, please keep it in in mind put it down on a poster notes If it's an online retrospective, maybe you can have somewhere to put the proposals Outside of the viewpoint of other people So that people have a chance to get it out of their brain so they can work in the groan zone But we don't want to forget about it, but we don't want to jump to conclusions too early We want to spend this time Keeping this room open So I can see that there's somebody asking what are techniques to use in a team where most of the team are reluctant to provide Inputs and what we get as data points are appreciations, but the problems are never revealed Well, I I hear a lot of people asking about this. How do we actually make people say something that's not just positive things? And again, we can talk about our symptoms and causes because That the people won't talk about problems. That's the symptom And then we can think about the cause So one one cause could be that they are worried that if they say something which is negative, it will have consequences for them So one thing you could do there, the easy fix is to try to make it anonymous. Who's saying what I'm using often a google drawing And I know that there's a lot of the online things like retro and other things where you can use A ways to do it anonymously If you're doing it in real life, you can try to do it as anonymously as possible But it's difficult if people are writing on post-it notes So if you sense that's a big problem, maybe you should switch to an online one even if you can do it in real life Another thing that could cause this Is that they can't think of anything to say. They can't think of anything that is negative to say And what you could do here is that you can ask them to come up with things asynchronously before the retrospective Because maybe they need time to reflect. They can't think that fast and put things up or they've forgotten what happened in the last two weeks So collecting things asynchronously sometimes helps I've also seen people saying that you have to put three things that's good, three things that's bad and three things that you're worried about or you're wondering about Of course that can help as well, but it's not really solving the cause, it's solving the symptoms So they will come up with things or maybe just copy what other people did If the cause is that they are worried and there's no psychological safety, no trust That's something you could work with, but that would have to be also outside retrospective That's not something you can fix in the retrospective In a retrospective you can create a relation between people which is part of what trust is made of So you can start working on that, but if there's a huge problem with that, people don't want to share It's something that you need to address and work on also between the retrospectives to make it more safe to To be uncomfortable and to say uncomfortable things Another thing that I do sometimes if people don't come up with things is As I said before, if you ask the brain to come up with things with the same questions, it'll give you the same answers So sometimes I say, well, let's have a different kind of data gathering So sometimes instead of just having free form writing on posted notes, I use this team radar Where I have these spokes that says what's the quality of our code, what's the communication level like, what's the communication within the team With other team members, how happy are we working with this team? And then people put dots on these spokes and they don't have to come up with things and it's also anonymous And then you can see, okay, so on the happiness spoke, most people are happy, but there's a few people who are unhappy So we need to think about how we can make it better for people to work in this team or we have a problem with the tech debt or the testing, how can we work with that So find different ways of gathering data, maybe they're shy, maybe they're worried, maybe they don't like writing text, maybe they don't think that fast, they need reflection time So figure out what the problem is and try different solutions Maybe here is proposing set up working agreement in the beginning of the retro, yes, that's something that you can do, so maybe we cannot laugh at what other people say or other working agreements like that Yeah, so that was the will of fortune and I better move on a bit even though I want to answer questions because I want to go through a lot of things before I go back to the Q&A So the next one I want to talk about is in the soup and what you see here is the octopus trying to lift the weight that's too heavy for it and the octopus here is a team, it's a picture for the team because as you know an octopus has 60% of their brain in the tentacles and the rest in the head and in that case I think that an octopus is like a team where all the team members have their own intelligence but then they have a shared intelligence and they have to work together So sometimes people are discussing things in retrospectives that they can't do anything about and that can render it a waste of time because if they continue to discuss something that other people should do or that the management should do and they can't really do anything about it then of course it's a waste of time, they should just accept that this is something they can't change and then adapt to it So let's dive into this. If I noticed that a team does this over and over again, I introduced this soup exercise. You can also call it the circle of influence and it's not something that's native to retrospective results, it's used in other ways of talking about problems as well So after they've gathered data or when they have brainstormed for things to do, I say okay so let's put these things in this picture, the things that you as a team can do something about, let's put them in the middle, the things that you as a team can influence that put them in the outer circle and outside the circle are the things that you can't do anything about. This is both interesting to use after they've gathered data but also after they've brainstormed for proposals for solutions I want them to reflect on it and then I say well step back or look at it again, don't read the notes but look at what amount of posted notes are in the soup, maybe you're turning this into a regret perspective where you're just complaining about things that you can't change What you should do is focus on the things that you can change right now and then try to be constructive about that. So let me give you some examples and these examples are taking both from after gathering data but also deciding what to do so maybe you want to change the location of the company that's in the soup that's not something you can do anything about. Maybe the communication with the testers is bad. Well it's something you can influence but it's not something you can change yourself but co-review of all major changes that's something you can't do and the interesting thing with this is that well then you could just say well all the things that are in the do other things that we're going to talk about or things we're going to do something about but if you like with the generating insights if you try to go into these discussions then sometimes maybe you notice well there are things we could do as a team we could come up with reasons for a local hop that won't change the location of the company but maybe we can influence it and maybe we could move closer to the testers that's something perhaps we can do we can make the decision about and that might enhance the communication with the testers so I like to use this circles and soup activity from time to time and it's something that I do when I see that a team won't take responsibility or if I see that there's something that the team continues to discuss over and over again and they don't seem to be able to solve it so that's called in the soup. So prime directive ignorance and I think that goes towards one of the questions that I skipped in the beginning that if you go and generate insights and you figure out what happened don't you end up pinpointing somebody who was the culprit who was the scapegoat I think that was what the question meant and that's why I skipped it in the Wheel of Fortune. So prime directive ignorance is when you ignore the prime directive and the prime directive is what Norm Perth wrote when he started talking about project retrospectives and I'll let you read it while I take a sip of water. So when I started facilitating retrospectives. I wanted to talk about this prime directive when I was facilitating retrospectives but some people at retrospectives thought it was silly and hippy happy they said we can't truly believe that everybody did the best they could now when we know that he's an idiot and she's very lazy we can't really believe that also because I know that myself I'm also not always doing the best I can so how can I truly believe it for other people. So the anti pattern solution here is to just forget about this prime directive and just not think about it anymore. But the problem is that if you do that, then you might end up in a situation where people are trying to find scapegoats where people are trying to figure out and pinpoint who's folder this. And it is so important for retrospectives that you at least try to have this open mindset that you try to have this positive mindset. Also for yourself because as a facilitator it's a very difficult job to do. So if something goes wrong and retrospective or isn't as constructive as you'd hope it would be. Remember the prime directive holds for you as well you did the best you could given the energy you had that day and the skills you had at that point. It makes sense to tell them off because they're not doing it on purpose. What makes sense is to figure out how can we change the way that we operate in the system of people so that it doesn't happen again can we change something in the process can we change something in the communication so that it's easier to work without making errors. What you can do as a refactor solution is bring the prime directive to your retrospectives you can bring it on a whiteboard or a poster. If it's an online retrospective you can send it in an email. Sometimes I do it in the calendar invitation for the retrospective that I remind people about this. And sometimes instead of just putting the whole prime directive with the wording, I just do it in my own words. And remember we're not here to find faults in individuals we're here to to improve the thing that we have together the system or the team. And then sometimes you have to remind those that need it because sometimes they forget it after a while. It is difficult to truly believe that everybody did the best they could but I think it is beneficial to at least try to do that it also makes it so that people are less worried about entering the retrospectives because they're not expecting to try to figure out that you did something wrong that trying to figure out how you can work better in the future together with the other people. So that's a prime directive ignorance. The next one I want to talk about is the loud mouth. So we talk about different personalities in the retrospective, and the loud mouth is one of them that loud mouth is one that wants to talk all the time sometimes interrupts and when they start talking they can't shut up again they just continue to talk. And the problem with the loud mouth is that they sort of they take the floor for the whole team and nobody else gets a chance to say anything.  So the anti pattern solution is to actually do something about it. One thing you can do it avoid clean on discussions, because loud mouth thrive in clean on discussions, because that's when they can take the floor and speak and nobody else can listen. So if you avoid clean on discussions maybe if you have something online you can put them into smaller groups and let them talk in smaller rooms then they only contaminate a small amount of people. Other people can be heard as well also sometimes use think pair share like the one two four all in the liberating structures that first people have to think about things reflect on things and then they take talking pairs and then perhaps they can share with the rest of the group. Because also some people are reflective fingers they need to think before they speak and other people are active thinkers they can't think unless they speak. Loudmouth could have that problem. So it could also be beneficial to talk to the loudmouth one on one instead of singling them out at the retrospective and saying shut up. Talk to them afterwards and say well it's great all these things you have to say but perhaps, perhaps you can dial it down a bit because we also need to hear from other people. Loudmouth are not always aware that they are loudmouths sometimes they think that other people are loudmouths because they don't really have that reflection maybe you can help them with that reflection maybe you can have a sign that you can use at a retrospective to say that they should now be more quiet. Sometimes it can also be helpful to let them know that they can speak later because sometimes they are worried that they've got something really important to say but they were worried that maybe the conversation will move on that they won't have a chance. And you can just say that we'll have around Robin will ask everybody in the team what they think about this so don't worry you'll have a chance to say something and we can do that both online and on site. So that's the loudmouth and actually if you have people who are silent it's the same situation. Avoid the plenum discussions, talk to them offline figure out why they're silent and make them give them chance to think before they have to speak. The next one is called do it yourself. And that's because what I see often is that it's the same person who's always facilitating the retrospectives.  Well, then the problem is that you will not get a retrospective yourself you're too focused on facilitating the retrospective. So you will not be able to be part of the team in the retrospective so you will fail. And it means that you can either choose to be a facilitator or you can choose to be a team member if we try to do both it won't end well you will not be looking at the timeline and the different agenda and the different personalities and the body language. Or you will not be able to take part of the discussions so what I encourage people to do is to try to rotate the role of the facilitator within the team. And if that's not possible, then perhaps rotate the role of the facilitator between the teams in the organization, meaning that you can say well we have all these teams that need retrospective facilitation and then we have this number of people who'd like to facilitate retrospectives. You can take turns in facilitating the retrospectives for other teams so that they can also be part of the team when there's a retrospective and you can see what we did at one of the companies that I worked with in Denmark here. Some of the teams wanted the same facilitator all the time some of the teams wanted a new facilitator from time to time it really depends on the culture of the team, what they want. And if you use this way of facilitating where inexperienced facilitators facilitate retrospectives I'll encourage you to use some of the online tools there are where people don't have to be experienced facilitators because these tools will take you through the process and will help you to do what a facilitator should do so let's do it yourself. The last one I want to talk about before we dive into the questions. I can see that there is a lot of questions and I appreciate that. It's disregard for preparation and that holds for online retrospectives so this anti pattern was written before COVID but of course it's still the same. The problem with online retrospectives is that you need to prepare a lot more and you need to be very cautious about the time and you don't have a chance to look at people's body language in the same way. What I do is that I send an email the day before with a link to the document they should use and say please make sure that you can access this so that we're not spending the first two or three minutes trying to figure out where's the link to that and how can you access that and do I need a password to that because you don't want to lose those really precious moments in your retrospective. Send an email 15 minutes before just to remind them in 15 minutes there's a retrospective go get coffee go get a bio break and make sure that you can access the document. And then insist on video for all. I know that some people have problems with the technology or the internet so that they can't be on video but at least you should try to make them be on video in the beginning perhaps just for the round intro as I said they could just be smiling wave and perhaps if the if the Wi-Fi doesn't allow it they can just have a picture shared in the in the video tool instead of just their initials at just a picture of their faces much better to talk to. And it's very important for a facilitator to know the body language and to be able to evaluate the body language and interpret the body language of the people who are and the retrospective. So that's why as a facilitator you can say please be on video and I really like you to be on video because it will make my life a whole lot easier to see who needs to answer quick ask a question who's very angry and who who sort of lost interest in everything. It's very important to be able to evaluate this as a facilitator but also for the other team members. So insist on video for all and it's the same with the symptoms and the courses so sometimes people don't want to be in video and they have a real good reason for it but otherwise sometimes it's just a symptom of something else like I'm taking the retrospective from the car or cafe. Then the fact that they are not on video as a symptom that they don't really respect this time with the team members. And make sure everybody's equal so even though it's tempting if some people can sit together that they should sit together physically and the others are remote. Try to make everybody equal if somebody's remote make everybody remote because then the commonality is is the lowest denominator for the communication and some people are not better equipped to communicate than others.  So make sure people are equal. And if there's only one person who has to be remote then you can use an avatar you can have somebody in the room playing their avatar writing the poster notes for them showing on the camera the things that we're looking at but that's only if it's one person if it's more than one. It becomes difficult and prepare a strict agenda and an alternative. Because, as I said before with the circles and soup sometimes you need to change the things that you prepared. Maybe you have to change from clean of discussion to smaller discussions or to something written because there's a loud mouth of their silent ones or people don't want to say anything. Maybe you want to use that soup exercise. So, so you have to plan this a bit more when it's online because you have to prepare these online documents. And don't record it. Just don't. Because we want what happens in the retrospective to stay in the retrospective so don't record it. We want people to feel safe and that they can trust the system and say what they want even the negative things. That's the disregard for preparation and I think that now when you facilitate retrospectives people will be really happy. And now with the with the final slide of 35% of my book. I would like to look at the questions and see, have you seen any questions Debbie that you think would be interesting to answer I haven't had a chance to look at them send that much. First one is, is it always an interesting one. It's a goodie, a goodie but not an oldie but a goodie. What are the techniques to use in a team where most of them are reluctant to provide inputs. And what we get as data points are appreciations but the problems are never revealed. Yeah, so I think I've sort of, I think I've sort of answered it throughout the talk but I can summarize that you have to think about what is the course behind this because the symptom you see is that people are not sharing. If the causes that they are worried they're shy there's not enough psychological safety then you can either anonymize it that's a quick fish fix on this so that people can say things without anybody else knowing who it is saying it. And you could of course also work with the psychological safety or the trust that's something that you have to work on it takes a bit time. I think there's somebody saying that maybe we can. We can say in the beginning of the retrospective we can evaluate the trust how, how relaxed do you feel about sharing things and if people don't want to share anything then you could either say well let's focus this retrospective on how to build the trust or you can say we can't really have the retrospective now nobody wants to share anything. But if the causes that they forget things and they don't. They don't remember what happened in the last two weeks then you can ask them a string currently or send them an email a day before and say, look in your calendar and think about things that happened incidents that happens. You can also say well, maybe you change the way that you collect the data maybe you change to a different way of data gathering or maybe you change it to a way where they're just voting for how they feel about the technical excellence and things like that instead of having to write. So, those are some things depending again on the course. It always depends. Fantastic answer thanks to that. I know. And lastly, before we finish the session today there's one on the question list which is again another really good one retrospectives are effective only when leadership looks at them. How do you get willful defaults in leadership to actually look at them. What I think this means is that retrospectives are only effective when leadership accepts them and thinks that the team should spend time on them that would be one interpretation of this question. And the answer then would be that I think that you should. Make retrospectives with the leadership team and let them try it out themselves instead of having them look at what the teams are doing at the retrospectives have have them taste the dog food and that's what I do in some organizations that instead of just having retrospectives for the developers I have retrospectives for for the leaders because then they can see themselves how effective it is. I don't want people from leadership necessarily to take part in retrospectives and look at what's happening in retrospectives I want retrospectives be to be for the teams to change the things that the teams can change. If leadership needs to change something based on what comes out of the retrospective I'll ask the team if I as a facilitator can take these proposals to the leadership and ask them if they want to change that. I think that's a brilliant answer and I think you're you're absolutely right it's about retrospectives. You know throughout the organization the matter what what in quotes level we're at should be a practice that's common throughout so that's fabulous. Thank you so much I know for sharing your experience. I know I hope thoroughly enjoyed it and I love your graphics those are going to remain in in my in my mind as as those prompts those empty patterns. Thanks I know.


The lobbying bill we've been looking at is a good bill. We're recommending that the Parliament allows it to progress, but we do want to look at the danger that there might be in the way it's drafted about excluding information that I think is important for a lobbying register and excluding certain categories of contacts. So we're encouraging the government to look again at the provisions for or qualifies to bring people into the register and the information that we might gather. But it's a good bill and it will be well worth passing by Parliament.


It's great to be back down here for Exercise Tafio. This is our second year in a row coming down here. The relationships and the overall size of the package we brought down here has grown significantly over the last year, both professionally and personally. The relationships that it takes to put this together has been extraordinary and very rewarding to see it play out. Really looking forward to see what comes in the future as we grow this relationship for years to come. The two largest democracies in the Americas partnered up once again to train together. During the fifth annual Brazilian Joint Exercise Tafio, taking place during August of 2022 in Campo Grande, Brazil. The state partnership program between the US and Brazil continues to grow stronger with more personnel, equipment, and aircraft participating this year than last, increasing the collective ability of both nations to meet complex global challenges, counter threats, and maintain regional security and stability. The New York National Guard is partnered with Brazil, making them the primary exercise force from the United States with the 106 Rescue Wing having the largest presence. 75 of the 101 guardsmen involved, including special operators, aircrew, maintainers, and other support airmen, as well as three HH-60 Pavehawk helicopters, and an HC-130J combat king to rescue airplane. The 105th Airlift Wing flew the three helicopters personnel and equipment to Campo Grande on two C-17 Globemaster 3 aircraft. 274th Air Support Operations Squadron Airmen who specialize on calling in air strikes joined in the training alongside their Brazilian Air Force counterparts. 2107th Attack Wing pilots who fly the MQ-9 Reaper had discussions with Brazilian remotely piloted aircraft pilots as well. A-10 Thunderbolt pilots from the Maryland Air National Guard joined the team this year to offer their input on close air support. The Oregon Air National Guard contributed a four airmen combat controller team from the 142nd Wing, 125th Special Tactics Squadron who deploy undetected into hostile territory to establish airfields and can also provide air traffic control. This is the second year the New York Air National Guard has participated in Exercise Tapio. The exercise scenario involved irregular warfare against the paramilitary force. US Air Force personnel conducted combat search and rescue and close air support operations alongside Brazilian forces to build partnerships and interoperability and increased partner nation capacity. This year's exercise added aerial refueling of the HH-60s by the HD-130J Combat King II aircraft into the mix. Approximately 1,100 Brazilian military personnel participated in Exercise Tapio. The partnership between Brazil and the United States and of course between the Brazilian Air Force and the United States as a country. Having here the Air National Guard from the state of New York is really a privilege. They have all the conditions to help us in developing skills in this type of conflict, the non-regular conflict, but also we've looked forward to different engagements and initiatives in the space in the unmanned aircraft systems. So for me as the commander of the Brazilian Air Force it's such a privilege being here today and gathering with them and understand that this will be a partnership for many years to come.