Awesome. So we are live. Great, great, great. Hello, guys. So let's do this. Let's do one minute's countdown for people to get started. We are getting started about good versus great PM in our live training. This is Dr. Nancy Lee. We're getting started in one minute. Once you join us, please comment on the chat. What's your name and where you're from? Would you go between three? Hello. Where's someone from LinkedIn? Spanish? How are you? Oh, you also got PhD. I love it. Also got PhD. Awesome. Who else is here with us? How are you guys? Thanks. Awesome. Lots of people joining us. Awesome. So comment on the chat. What's your name, where you're from? And what's your goal for YouTube? What should go for 233? And what questions do you have for today's YouTube live? And cool. So now quick introduction on my side. Hey, guys, this is Dr. Nancy Lee. And I'm the director of product featured in Forbes that also have helped 100 people land their dream PM job offer in fan companies in New York and continue to get promoted as a product leader. And if you're interested in product management course, feel free to go to PM accelerator, which is go to my website.com to learn more and we have different packages, different financing options for any possible people with any financing challenges. Feel free to go to our website and learn more and join our latest live masterclass with you to describe more details regarding who did we select to join the program. Awesome. So we're just everybody based right now. So I'm actually coming in from Miami and we moved from Boston to Miami in the winter. Now the summer moving back to Boston again. So with snow burning. So going back up to Boston in a few weeks. So actually very excited to see some mountains within too much beaches recently. And so summer is an exciting quest to make some changes. So come on the chat with your name where you're from and what you go for 2023. I love to see where you guys live as well. And so today we talked about good PM, bad PM, what skills you need to become a great plan manager. So let me bring on my deck. So the internet isn't very slow. Okay, I found it. Yeah, interesting to this and kind of very, very slow. I was like, slow loading. At the same time, let me plug in my headphone. So it's better. We have it here. Awesome. So let's do it. Let's do it. Hold on. See what was my slide deck. So let me share my slide deck. Then we can get started with today's good PM versus bad PM. Okay. Today, we'll talk about how to become a great PM and especially the differences between good PM and bad PM. There are several, six different elements which you want to cover between the good PM, bad PM, what people can do to become better PM. Okay. So now before I get started, we always love to share inspiring stories. And I do love to share a student of mine who is Juliet, which is with all the latest news, I really want to inspire everyone to feel like people can still land their dream job during a recession. Okay. And also in a short amount of time. So this student of mine, Ruiya, she was laid off. So she was laid off as a senior product owner on February 22nd. And by April 10th, which is about seven weeks after, and she landed a senior product manager job at a kill and also with much higher salary. So now let me break it down to you regarding what she did. And by the way, the new company she's about to join is very exciting. Has the 40 remote position perfect for new moms herself also have an eight months old baby. So very, very exciting for her. So the new company actually is the first FDA approved gaming company that helping kids to grow and come back addictions to different kind of like personal behaviors. So actually the concept for the company she's working for is super, super exciting. Actually, I believe there's a lots of like amazing mission behind it. But I really want to let you guys know, number one, how do people do it? And actually, we all know that lots of people were not able to land a job offer and after a very, very long time. Let me tell you what's going on and why and why not. Okay, so number one thing is, for example, she landed a job was in like seven weeks, how she did it is number one, she knew exactly her value value proposition. Okay, so she knew that fake companies are hiring right now. So she's talking to other companies who's offering remote PM job number one thing and number two thing, she also knows how to present herself very well in the interview. And number three, she knows how to leverage chat GBT to prepare interview much faster. Alright, so I have a chat GBT training in my inner circle and I believe you guys, lots of you guys, if you're part of my email list, you have been invited to the chat GBT training in the past. Okay, so you should have it already in your system. So I want you guys really to get ready for your any new amazing opportunities using like AI to speed up your study and learning process. Okay, so now I want you guys to to feel like you have your you have the confidence and the right skills being able to use the better methodology to land your job as well. Okay, so if you miss any of my live training regarding chat GBT, if you ever see any recordings or email my team, so actually I had a private training regarding chat GBT two months ago. Okay, cool. Alright, so anybody who's going out for interviews, so here's the latest news, very funny. Two days ago, I was invited to speak at Rice University for the MBA students. Their associate director told me that even chocolate company like Hershey's or oil gas companies like Shell Oil has also started interviewing case interviews, even if they are not a tech companies like chocolate company Hershey's, right? So therefore, I want everyone to really learn the fan companies like case interview style and get ready for any possible different kind of interview questions you may come up. Okay, so go to this website, darkness.com slash 50 fan to download all the real life interview questions, those case interviews you're able to do in your upcoming interviews. Okay, so now everyone also get opportunity to join Zoom to get free coaching. And you can email my team at info pmx.io and also in the description of this video, there's also a form for you to submit free coaching to join me live on Zoom as well. Oh, by the way, next week, next Friday, we have a private Zoom coaching for people who are laid off to do like remark into with me and also teach you how to answer those most challenging questions such as why were you laid off? What's the best methodology to conquer those challenges? Okay, those questions are very challenging and really talk about and describe your layoff situation to not make people feel like you're like looked down by other people. Okay, so now how to get selected for free coaching, you can directly people who support our nonprofit. This summer, we start our own nonprofit in the past couple years, we donate over $20,000 to any educational nonprofit. So we do one one donation matches or any kind of nonprofit you guys support, we help you to grow and leverage those opportunities to to help others as well. So whoever donate to any educational nonprofit and we get free coaching to them as well. Of course, people have the most likes comment shares also receive free coaching for me as well. And also anybody who is interested in PMX, the course we run, feel free to go to this website, docenancy.com slash masterclass, masterclass run more, which we're able to join and learn how to create a key to put up a photo in two weeks that will lend you PM job offer during the recession, even if you reject it again again. Yeah, go check it out there. Okay, so now get ready for our inner circles. And this is our last inner circle, people are able to talk in a private session after our live podcast to X Google director and Ari, and I want everyone to really capture those amazing opportunities. So you can opt into inner circle to get noticed for our upcoming meal private discussions as well. So go to docenancy.com slash inner circle to learn more. Okay, so now, oh, finally, and anybody who's looking for mock interview partners feel free to go to WeChat and LinkedIn, those different groups and find your mock interview partners feel free to scan the QR code and go over to those groups. Okay, so now let's go over all the key inside regarding good PM and bad PM. So let's get started. Feel free to everyone put comment on in the chat. Are you already a PM? I want to learn if you're already a PM, that's a different story. Okay, and then we focus on more advanced concept for people who have no PM experience that's very different. So we will figure out what entry level PM, how would you become better? Okay, so comment on the chat already a PM. And also see lots of people join us. Yushi, how are you? You're from India. Eric, from US. Eric, I feel like I've seen your name multiple times. Did you join my YouTube live or LinkedIn live in the past? Cool. So we are actually live on both LinkedIn and YouTube right now. Cool. Yeah, come on the chat. Love to learn about you guys. Awesome. Awesome. Yes, we do. So recently, I was invited to speak on the Indian podcast called AJ podcast. He's my Royal YouTube follower. And he also invited me to speak on his podcast for Indian audience. Very, very excited to speak to them. And the podcast should be out soon. And once it's out, we'll let you guys know. Awesome. Cool. I see people. Stanisha said aspiring PM. Okay, so this means that we cover more entry level, how to become great PM. Is that a more advanced level today? Come on the chat. If most people are more entry level, we talk about entry level how to become great PM. Okay, so now let's see the votes we have here. And as we're going through the process and feel free to continue vote based on the entry level PM, aspiring PM, entry level or someone who's more senior PM already come on the chat. So, well, we'll take our talk to you guys at the same time. Let me tell you why it's quite important to bring up this topic. And there are huge differences between okay, PM or advanced level PM. This is crazy. This is what I see in real life because when I got exposure to interview the VP of product at Google and acts like a senior director product at Google, those kind of or like senior growth product manager, different like amazing companies. And I realized the big differences between how companies train, promote, and also select the best product leaders. And each company is a very different that leading to different kind of product success. So therefore I'm very determined to really tell you guys regarding the bigger differences between like how to like good PM, bad PM, how to become a great PM. So now let's define what is a good PM. Okay, so here is an important lesson I learned. The KPI of definition good PM is very different. For example, in Google, their definition good PM, which is someone who got promoted faster was in the company, is someone who launched more product Google success is based on Oh, this product team launched five products this year, or 20 products this year. So based on the number of product launches, which I believe is bad measurement. I don't think numbers matters. It's more about the product you launched is successful. Right. So number one thing for different company culture. Now, in contrast for Amazon, the other concept of six PM is very different. Amazon PM was measured by when you launch a product, was your product successful? Did you generate also revenue? Do you have lots of users? Do people continue using it? They really want to measure the end to end product management lifecycle to define a great product manager. So each company, they're all fan companies, but each company's definition of sex of a PM is very different, which lead to different lifestyle differences. All right. So therefore, in Amazon, I believe they have better products. So for example, Amazon is leading product, which AWS, Amazon Web Services, and Google also have a cloud product, but Google corporate is no mere as popular as AWS. Well, which also leads to the work by balance in Amazon is pretty bad. Relatively worse. Actually worse company was all the fan companies was because product managers on the high pressure to really create product actually generating revenue. Because building a product in my opinion, it's easy. You just know how to work with engineering team, have vision, and build it. But you build something, nobody buy it. That's a very different story. So which means that you need to know go to market strategy. Okay. So when Google hire product manager to hire people who knows how to code. So which means that one people to work closely with engineer. When Amazon hire product manager, they don't test your coding skills unless for special group, for example, for like AWS group, probably they will see if you have technical skills. But for majority of our manager will hire that Amazon is less likely they're going to test your very technical details. We got, hey, do you know how to code? But in real life at Amazon, we want to see if you know how to collaborate with other people cross one team, do you know how to tell story short, concisely. Yeah, the work balance is worse in Amazon high, high pressure, but the product deliver is much better. So that leading to me teaching all of you guys regarding first of all, my definition of great product manager and how to become a great product manager. Okay, so now let's go through this. So first of all, my definition great product manager is somebody was able to lead a team, have a great part of vision, and continue to bring the product to the hands of customers, and actually literally impact people's lives. And at the same time, how to become a product managers, how to become a great product manager is a following. Number one thing, you want to hit our goal of a great product manager, which is creating the product actually impact people's life. All the great product manager needs to do the following. Number one thing, great product manager need to have strong customer empathy. They need to understand what the purpose of creating an amazing product, and the purpose actually serving people's life, not serving executives and actually serving people's life, not just make your director happy, it's actually people who are ever using your product and actually start to change their lives. And for example, I mentor several startups through tech stars. One of the entrepreneur team is the two moms, they started a company, which is helping new mom to manage all the chaos of a newborn. So her product is actually growing significantly in the past two years, even if it's a startup, but all the features and apps, everything and loops very amazing. So her startup is actually impacting lots of moms' lives and impacting moms means impacting babies and also impacting husbands and everyone around it. So this is a definition of great product manager who is a customer centric, which now you go back to Amazon's mission. So Amazon 14 principles, one of the principles is customer centric. But if you go to Google, do you hear Google's mission is customer centric? What Google known for? No, Google is known for oh, we have advanced technology. We do self-driving car. They never really promote saying, oh, we're very customer centric. We think about Google, but when you think of Amazon, they make you very clear we're customer centric. This is number one thing on my 14 principles. Everyone needs to master. So therefore, I personally believe that Amazon is able to create better products than Google, personally speaking. Okay. So numbers, if you agree or disagree, comment on the chat. I'd love to learn from you guys. Okay. So number two thing, what great product manager needs to do is also how to become great product manager is a following. As a great product manager, people need to understand number one thing, number two, actually, number two thing. As a great product manager, you need to lead without authority. This is extremely important. So let me define lead without authority, which means that majority people, they do not report to you. You need to make sure people knows what's the best methodology to influence people such as align the vision, make them see the long-term roadmap, make them feel like they, whatever they do, have a real-life impact because engineers or designers, they're not there to get paid. I believe that some people are there to get paid, but you want to have all-star team, you want people to feel like, wow, I love going to work every single day. In order to feel like they go to work every single day, you need to make them feel, wow, whatever effort, 20 hours, 40 hours, 60 hours you put in to work is making a great impact. It's going to align some type of vision. Product manager need to be the quarterback of a football team, like Tom Brady. I live in New England, Boston for 11 years. Okay. I need to talk about Tom Brady, one of the best football players. Everyone Google him. But he was traded to Florida to Tampa Bowl. That's also one of the reasons I moved to Miami. Okay, Tom Brady. But anyway, so go back here. So great product manager in the quarterback of the team.  You know how the line of vision and the quarterback, the amazing quarterback knows, even if different team members had different strengths and weakness, but people really looking into the leadership of the great quarterback. So that's why amazing great product manager knows how to lead with our authority. Okay. Number three, what great product manager needs to do is actually the exact representation style. So let me define it. What do I mean by exact presentation, not probably speaking, two different things. The exact presentation is you need to tailor your talk track to the level of the audience you talk to. Let's say if you got opportunity talk to CEO, you only only only have one minute, maybe only 30 seconds to tell him what's the latest of your product. Seriously, this is like in real life, PCO, a very busy month probably running to CEO was outside of his bathroom. Seriously. And you walk with him from bathroom to his office and you have something to say that yeah yeah yeah that's one minute. That's only one minute time, maybe 30 seconds you need to report and tell the CEO what the best thing about the product you need to know. When you report to CEO, you can only talk about the impact of your product, the roadmap of your product and your contingency plan for any roadblocks. Not just any roadblocks, it's that I already have a plan ready. So currently we're following, we're launching this 5G edge product, which by the way the one I launched was two years ago, the first 5G edge computing product in the world, right? If I report this to my CEO, I will say the following. So within one minute or 30 seconds, say well, we are on track to launch the first 5G edge computing product in the world. And currently to accelerate the growth of the product, we're building it in collaboration with Amazon and Microsoft. And currently there's only one roadmap, a roadblock, which is, I made out something at the time there was no road, like whatever real roadblock, because we're already addressed. Let me make out some roadblocks. So right now we only have one roadblock, which is we're not able to access my army market. But we already have a backup plan, which is building like local teams to get closer to the governor to let them see how 5Gs and edge computing is going to impact people's lives in my army. So this is in control, we believe that we can still launch our product on time. Okay, so that's what CEO need to say, need to hear. So that's called executive presentation. Now let's talk about the next part, exact presentation. You also need to when you talk to director, director, you probably have half an hour to present something. We're talking about VP, probably only five minutes. So really depends on the levels. And each level you talk to, you need to tell them something very different. Okay, and then like, and also your peers, probably if you present your product to your peers, you probably have half an hour as well, right? Maybe have an hour up to one hour. So that is going to show your solid leadership. So within your product portfolio, they may not be working on your product, but they want to learn what they do with your product. That's when you show the impact you have made the customer empathy you have you have done. So people love your product. And in the past, I was invited by many sales teams to exactly briefing centers. So in the past, in Verizon, there's a special environment we built for executives, because we invite lots of executives like VP of product or CEO from management companies, even though you might be so you say, is it here to company Verizon? But it's not because all companies out there, they need to use our services or connectivity services. So we get access to all Fortune Finder companies. That's why we are able to collaborate with like Amazon, Microsoft, because we're working closer relationship with them, right? So frequently, they would invite C level people VP level people to our executive briefing center. In this case, they like to bring people in to do presentation to to those executives. And I was asked like, many, many times by sales team to do presentation, because the sales team know that they only they can only sell product, but they cannot present product better. So that's why they asked me to present what the product was impact we had to really build stronger relationship with other C level executives. Okay, this defined as executive presentation. So this is a great product manager needs to do because once you build a product, nobody heard about your product. That's a problem. Okay. Now, last one, final one, which is as a product manager, we need a great product manager also need to know how to do time management. Okay, time management. Raise your hand. I don't think I raise a hand.  Do you feel you have lots of meetings every single day? If so, how many hours or meetings you guys have come on the chat? How many hours or meetings you guys have? Okay, come on the chat. Let me tell you some numbers I heard from my students. Okay, I have 100 students and dream job offer in bank companies, you can start up many different type of companies out there. My student working for Microsoft Azure, which is also the cloud cloud product of Microsoft. She's working like, no, she has meetings of seven hours meetings every single day. It is crazy. It's long. Okay. I also have a student working for Meta. He also had almost seven hours meeting every single day. And the crazy thing about Meta was that they give you free lunch, breakfast, lunch and dinner. Think about this. If they give you dinner, what does this mean? Oh, if you work late, no problem. We give you food, feel free to work late. So frequency and Meta, I have student working there, by the way, they have meeting at six p.m. to seven p.m. all the time. It's a normal. It's normal to have six p.m. meeting until seven p.m. and Meta, which is so bad. Okay, which means that you get off, you maybe get off work at seven.  Okay, no problem. I'll give you free food. And then you finish your food at eight. And then maybe, let me check some email in work until nine. This is pretty bad. Okay. I personally believe that that's, that's bad. Any company give you free food, watch out. The free food is not free. They're sucking your time and so out of it. But also think about myself as a new mom, my son is one and a half years old. If I had a six p.m. meeting and the finish at seven p.m., who is going to pick on my son from the daycare, my husband? Or do I have a stay-at-home husband? Or do people expect people working, women working for Meta have a stay-at-home husband? What if both of us have a job who's going to pick on my son if I have a six p.m. meeting? I think the culture of people sending out meeting late and having a crazy amount of meeting is incorrect. So therefore, knowing time management is very critical and important for all the product managers. Okay, so number one thing I want people to understand is great product manager, you need to really guard your time. What I suggest people to do is you should block your time every single day and brainstorming time for thinking time or even working time, which in terms of writing product requirement documentation, designing a roadmap, strategy thinking time. And you also need to know how to say no to meetings. You also know how to leverage other people to attend meetings so that you don't need to attend, but still get the same amount of information you need. Okay, I hope all of the guys can execute all four things I asked you to do will become great product manager. Okay, cool. All right. So come on the chat to have any questions. I believe I also have some pre-selected questions. My team, hold on for me one second. Oh, it's right here, right here. Feel free to put your questions on the chat. Let me see, do I have some pre-selected questions? I think I answered the question before. This one question right here. Everyone else feel free to put your questions in the chat. Okay, so someone asked how to position myself for international roles in product management. Actually, today I'm going to film a new video about it. Okay, so I assume what you mean is position yourself for international roles in product management means that you are working remotely for international company. For example, if you're based in the U.S., you want to work for London, you're based in London, you're working for U.S. company, you're based in Singapore, you work for U.S. companies or say international roles. I assume you mean that. Okay, so how to position yourself that way is the number one thing. If you want to work for different countries, you understand the country's culture and the hiring process. For example, I'm from China. The type of hiring process and also how Chinese company run product is very, very different from American company. You know what the American way to build product. And second, how people hire in U.S. is also very different. For example, in China, the resume talks exactly what you did in China with a picture. Sometimes they also put age in the U.S. We don't do pictures, we don't do age.  And lots of time nowadays also teach people to put a product portfolio as part of the growth and the demonstrate that you're able to do the job very well. Okay, now third thing to position yourself for international product manager is really understand. What's the most important tools for local product management roles for you to apply for to get access to those hybrid managers, those job openings. And each team, each country is very different. For example, in China, the tools for people in a job is very different compared with U.S. We mainly use then and indeed those kind of different tools you have and where you find hybrid managers is very different. It's completely, completely different. Okay, so yes, you can do the same as well.  Actually, I have a student in Thailand, then a job in the U.S., I'm a student in Singapore, then a job in the U.S. to say it's all very possible. You can do the same. Okay, cool. I believe keywords. We'll talk about, I believe, brother.  What is the difference of good PM? Oh, there's a good question. So I once once asked, what type of PM you are and what is the difference differentiated good PMs and the mediocre PM? What is seen the purpose of question? How would you answer? Oh, very good question. So how to answer is I already answered regarding good PM, bad PM, what the three things are four things called good PM needs to do. Okay. Now, the purpose of this question is that they want to see if your good PM, if you don't know the definition of good PM, you're in bad shape, very bad shape. Okay, so that's the reason. That's the reason. Okay, so understand your definition good PM, which is what I described earlier and also how you answer those questions. Also, I answered earlier. Just watch the replay. You missed the beginning. Okay. Catherine, how to join the PM a program? Yes. Join.  You will learn more here. Go to our master class, how to create a protocol in two weeks, even if you're layoff or have zero experience and come here, learn more about different packages, different kind of financing options we have for all of you guys. And you can learn more and also tell you what to do with that to join the program. Okay. So it's all here.  I use these keywords. We talk about the keywords already. I believe we cover all the pre-summit questions. Cool. Okay. Yes, I do have a separate course about PM a power scale how to become better PM go to my website a lot more. But here I want you to understand the definition of great PMs. Once you have the right mindset, you can start to improve yourself immediately. I'm also going to film more videos. Actually, today's video is I'm going to film every Wednesday, a few new YouTube videos is about today how to become a better PM. I think people need to understand the definition great PMs, what's going on, different companies. It's crazy. Okay. So lots of people just do the job, but the product is not getting used. Um, I think it's a misleading for lots of people who want to become a PM. Cool. Okay. So now, oh, I see lots of questions coming up. This is amazing. Okay. So I asked the Singaporean. Oh, hello. Are you from Singapore? My friend Chimani came from Singapore and she learned a job in the US as a girls product manager in Equonax, which is one of the largest cloud companies in the US. I'm very excited for her. By the way, she doesn't know cloud. I taught her how to talk about cloud because I work on edge computing, which is the new product with the cloud. So we know cloud very well, taught her how to talk about cloud stuff. Actually, we have two alumni, another student working for Equonax. It's also VP of product Equonax. So it's also advantage for her to join as well. Cool. Welcome. Welcome. Hibana, how do you get the developer to understand the value you're creating in having a product launches as early as possible? Oh, very good. Very good. Maybe I can maybe you should video about it. Yes. The way to do it is that you need to bring the developer early in the process as early as possible. They may not understand fully or they may not care about it to be frank. Because most of them are very nerdy and they work really long hours and they enjoy seeing it on a computer just to create an amazing code and get something done. That's amazing. It is amazing. People love it. So here's the thing. How to make them understand the vision as early as possible is sad. You can bring your software engineer in the customer interview. They can be a fly on the wall. They can listen to what customer said. They don't need to be fully rasp everything. But the gesture of inviting them to customer interview be a fly on the wall is going to help them significantly feel like, well, I was part of the team. I was part of the decision-making process. Now I know who is my customer. Even listen to the customer's face, voice, take a look at the face and listen to the voice. Understanding they're part of the decision-making process at the very beginning is going to empower them to do better. That's the way to get them early, which is inviting them to the customer interview process. Very good question. Oh, whoever finds this content very useful likes this video and also comment on the chat because I can make way more videos regarding how to become a great program manager just in comparison how to learn a job. Come on the chat. Let me know so I can find a balance. If most people still have trouble learning a job, I would just make more video about job hunting. But if you guys want to learn how to become a better PM, come on on the chat as well. So next question. What's more important when building a PM career, staying in the same domain such as B2B, healthcare, or staying in the same type of product such as mobile apps? Oh, very good question. So in order to develop a successful career as a program manager, I think people shouldn't just work on the same type of product. I personally disagree. If you want to do mobile apps, you do mobile apps forever. I personally disagree because the society is growing. For example, if you stay on mobile apps, well, you know, Web3 was very popular a year ago and right now is AI, right? So I believe the program manager need to learn different kind of new platforms so that you are up to date regarding new technology. Doesn't mean that you can jump all the time to be a friend. Doesn't mean that, oh, one day I do like mobile, so when crypto is hot, I jump to crypto, when AI is hot, I jump to no, no, no. What I mean is that if you get opportunity to advance to the next level, I will pick certain direction that I believe is going to have a bright future. For example, 10 years ago, mobile apps, I do any apps on cell phones, very popular, lots of startups, lots of like program managers start become mobile app program manager. Same as you are designer, they design mobile apps. But nowadays everybody has a mobile app, right? So it's outdated. So I would rather you say, what's the next important revolution for the industry? Could be self-driving car, could be AI, right? So I would choose between one of these two to focus, but I think AI is more popular now. There's like so funny. So notion, notion change the company name become notion AI.  They are not AI company. And then listen, there's some automation, what they did, there's some automation in terms of how the organization know, yeah, they have some automation, but they're no near a true AI company. Okay, now they even change the name to AI. Can you believe that one day I change my company name to become a PM accelerator become PM accelerator, AI, or like PM AI accelerator, whatever. It's like crazy just because they want to hop on the trend. I think it's a shameless move for some companies, even change the company name, you shouldn't, you can have a product. Okay, so for notion would do notes, organization productivity tools will also have AI empowered notes, you can have different name. All right, so name or product, but doesn't mean that the company name become AI, notion AI. So like last year or two years ago, crypto is very hot. So notion will become we are notion crypto, very shameless move. I don't think it's going to help the company branding in the long run.  Okay, so now, so now get back to here. So therefore I prefer product managers. So if you can, you know different new technology, but you can stay in the same domain so that you become a domain expert. For example, say B2B domain or healthcare domain, I think that's better to grow your career compared with staying in the same technology platform. I will switch technology, but the industry domain can stay there so that you can become the number one industry domain. But of course, product manager is also made a human heart. Sometimes you work on healthcare forever, you will feel bored and feel free to jump in the stream. I personally jumped in the truth all the time. I went through like healthcare, well, I'm not sorry, healthcare now.  My first product was AI product and then jump to cloud myself. And the jump is not because I don't like my job. And then a jump. The jump was because the company need to grow. In order to grow, we have a new product line. And then they bring the best product manager to grow the product line. So that's why I work on AI product in Verizon. Okay, so I want to work on edge computing, whoever want to work on this and select me to work on edge computing, which will launch the first 5G edge computing product in the world. So I believe that's a great way to grow our career. So see what's the best impact can create for the company. So that's the best way to do it. Okay. And that actually opened up lots of doors for me. So I can work for AI company, I can work for cloud company, and I can teach people how to do it as well. So actually it's a great opportunity for everyone. But I am against someone to stay within the same technology. So because technology keep on changing. Okay. And also again, shamelessly, Notion AI, shameless. I need to film a YouTube video about it. I think they're shameless. Yeah, I'm YouTube, I can say anything in my opinion is if you agree, you feel agree. Notion AI, change the company name to Notion AI, shameless. Come on the chat say yes. I think shameless. Why don't you change your company to Notion Crypto a year ago? So next question, can you become a manager from untraditional background? I feel like I do have some experience in leading with authority, customer empathy side, I work for retail, and is work value to go above and beyond. Management is essential for the work we do, and I don't work in data analysis, business analysis, or product design. Should I get a position in one of those before trying to get an APM position? Oh, very good. Okay. So, and make a very good question. If you feel like you already have the skills, I don't think you need to learn some, do some data or business analyst before you become a PM. If you can, for example, you can become retail e-commerce PM, because you understand customers, your very strong customer empathy, you know, how the company grow, their product base, you know, the GTM strategy, go-to-market strategy for retail companies, you're very qualified to become like e-commerce product manager, or creating any product for like retail customers, or retail stores, whatever, whatever different things that you can leverage your strengths, the keys leverage your strengths. I don't think you, you must do data analytics before you can become a product manager, especially any entry-level product manager. I think as you are qualified for entry-level product manager, that's how I see it. Of course, if you go for Google, as I said, if you listen to my beginning of my talk, I also, did I talk trash with different companies earlier today? I disagree about Google's definition of great product manager. Google's definition of great product manager is that someone who can launch as many products as possible, right? So, therefore, for Google, the one people who knows how to code to work for them as a product manager, I think it's wrong, right? So, but which means that if you want to work for Google, you learn how to code, but I think it's wrong. So, you don't need to work for Google, work for Amazon. Amazon is, it's more result-driven company. I like them better. Okay, even if it's a work-life balance, not as good as Google, but from product perspective, they're more successful. They have more, way more successful product, better reputation. Well, Google has Gmail, YouTube, they bought YouTube, by the way, they didn't create their own YouTube. They have Gmail, Google Maps, ads. What else is successful from Google? Seriously, cool. Team, how to practice executive presentation, knowing what information key for specific roles? Okay, so team care is how to do it. Okay, so you need to, like, watch what the executive is saying in a day-to-day basis. You need to watch, for example, I watch how my director presents. I watch how my VP of product presents. You need to watch people in general. And number two thing is that you need to take some public speaking classes. Okay, myself, I spent $8000 learning public speaking. I don't think people can do public speaking on their own, even if you watch other people. Watching other people gives you clue regarding what you need to do. But how to do it, you need a coach, especially public speaking. Who else out there who amazing public speaker never took any public speaking classes, just become amazing public speaker? Tell me the name. Nobody. Everyone who amazing that public speaking culture took some classes for public speaking, right? They also practice in different groups. They do combination of everything. But looking at how executives present is going to give you a clue. Oh, that's how they present. Oh, I need to achieve the same level, but without training, training on public speaking, I don't think you can. Okay, so therefore, understand how to do public speaking at the foundation and then say what you say for the executives, that's a combination of both. Okay. So, Axie, then based in New York now, very exciting. Thank you so much. Great night. All right. Great night. Someone in India.  Exactly. It's just formula. It's mathematical equation. Oh, it's algorithm, like AI, where notion where AI say shameless company. Yeah. So, Axie, how do you convince companies that you are a good fit? I did four years of B2B FinTech platform, but even in FinTech right now, people are very specific payment AI about the kind of experience. So, yes. So, now here's how you do it. First of all, let me tell you examples, right? You don't need exactly what they're looking for. It's about how you convince others you're better than others. And also, it's about how exactly you know how to do the job. For example, my student from Singapore, like Chamani, she from Singapore, she doesn't know cloud at all. Okay. You go to her LinkedIn. People inside PMS are there to know who they are and go to her LinkedIn. She's not a cloud person. When you see her recordings of joining the training with us, she asks lots of questions about cloud. When she asks those questions, oh my goodness, clearly you don't know cloud. She was like, yes, you're right. I don't know cloud. Is that not, let me train you on cloud. Okay. So, my point is, it's not true. You have to be like, oh, I know payment. So, if I don't know payment, I cannot become payment product manager. It's not true. Okay. So, the better way to really join different kind of companies is the following is that, hey, you need to show them that how your past skills can do the exact job you're going to do. For example, if you never work on payments, but you have work on like working with large corporations doing integration because payment looks like this kind of contract negotiation, different compliance, sending money between different places. So, if you know that, you need to verbally talk about the value you can add to the companies. Lots of people out there, you don't know your value. So, that's why when people ask you, oh, do you know work on payment before? You say no, so you're cut. Well, you work on payment. If you say, have you worked on payment before, you can say, well, I work on lots of functions that's very related to payment that achieve like great financial outcome. For example, I work on different things that that's the same thing as working on payment. I believe I can generate same kind of success for your company as well. So, really depends on how you package your experience. If you already have four years experience, still couldn't manage up, that's a problem because you don't know how these are stories. Okay. You should actually check out PMXR. We have lots of people like this, 30% of my students are already senior PM. They don't know how to get to the next level. So, like Ruya, she was also senior PM. She learned a job within seven weeks and her past job was in some virtual reality company, whatever. And now her new job, it was like healthcare gaming company, like something. It's basically very different. She's working with kids right now. Yes, you can. It's mobile packaging. Okay. And how you how you tell your body proper. Okay. Eric, thank you so much. It helps a lot. Eric, definitely look up retail, your comments, product, PM jobs. Yes, you should, you should clear. Thank you. Thank you. Awesome. Cool. Cool. Okay. Thank you, Tim. Okay. So, looks like answer all the questions. Welcome. Welcome. If you find this video helpful, feel free to go share this video, like this video. Okay. You must like it. Okay. Like this video, so more people can discover this. And anyone who's interested in PMX, feel free to go to our website to learn more, docnancy.com and see if we can provide the right help, help you to accelerate your growth. Okay. So, looks like we have everything we need covered today. Awesome. Okay. Great. So best of luck to everybody. Keep me posted. Feel free to email me. If you learn any like success breakthrough, let us know. We'd love to hear from you guys as well. Awesome. Cool. I receive lots and lots from all that makes me happy. We've got a hey and then a job because I watch your free YouTube. Very happy about that. So let me know. Awesome. Great. Cool. All right. Have a good weekend. Okay. Good day. Wednesday. Have a good day. See you guys soon. Bye, guys.


Hello everyone, I am Unmesha Banerjee, an 8 semester student pursuing computer science and engineering from Tejpo Central University Assam. I have been placed in a multinational company called ABB. I have taken up three NPTEL courses so far. They are Ethical Hacking, Cloud Computing and Introduction to Internet of Things. Cybersecurity has always been my passion and Ethical Hacking, I had always wanted to learn Ethical Hacking. The course Ethical Hacking that I had taken up from NPTEL is especially designed for beginners and everything was explained and demonstrated from the fundamental. So, I got a good grasp of everything related to it. The second course that I took up was Cloud Computing. My current BTEC final year project deals with Cloud Computing and blockchain and I have been greatly helped through the course Cloud Computing from NPTEL. The third course that I had taken up is Introduction to Internet of Things which I had taken up this semester and Introduction to Internet of Things is the current state of the art and it deals with fundamentals as well as a few emphasis on the more detailed sections. It is also a highly helpful course for me. Thank you.


Okay, this is the first time I'm recording a lecture. I hope fully it will be okay We are talking about evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echo cardiography And this talk is based on the last guideline of American Society of Echo and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging about diastolic function assessment this first guideline about assessment of diastolic function by echo was published in 2004 in that time the guideline Classified the diastolic dysfunction as a grade one two three four one was mild Two was so to normal three was reversible reversible restrictive pattern and number four was irreversible in guideline 2009 they took the reversible irreversible out and just make it as a reverse as a restrictive pattern and in 2016 They changed the guideline based on the two algorithm One in normal LV systolic function and one in abnormal LV systolic function and I'm going to show you but again between all the guidelines that American Society of Echo in Combination with European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging or without them made it This guideline is a month one of the most confusing guideline that American Society has it and most of the time when we go for Scientific session of American Society of Echo There's lots of criticizing against this guideline and I think they are going to change it But anyway now we have to learn it based on this So first of all we have to define what is the systolic and what is the diastolic? This definition is based on this diagram is called vigorous diagram It shows that the systolic starts with mitral valve closing The pressure inside the LV goes up, but the volume will not change This time is called isofolumic contraction time. It's about 50 millisecond Mitral valve closes eortic valve open is not open and Then is the ejection time the time that aortic valve opens and the blood goes out from LV to the aorta That's the ejection time at the end of the ejection time. That's the end of the systolic The aortic valve will close When the aortic valve closed the diastolic starts From aortic valve closing to the mitral valve opening That is about 50 to 60 millisecond is called isofolumic relaxation time In the isofolumic relaxation time aortic valve is closed Mitral valve still is not open the LV is relaxing Then when the mitral valve opened is a rapid filling of the LV Is a diastasis it means not much flow from LA to LV and Is a atrial contraction at the end of the diastolic that after the p-wave of the ECG happens and LA will empty the rest of the blood inside to the LV So we can say the diastolic has a forest stage The stage one is a very short is 60 millisecond is isofolumic relaxation Stage two is a rapid filling stage three is a diastasis and stage four is atrial contraction If somebody is not in sinus rhythm does not have that atrial contraction Diastolic dysfunction used to be assessed by Invasive method because most of the hemodynamic assessment at the beginning was invasive. We didn't have a echo so Like before 1980 All diastolic dysfunction assessment was measured in the cat lab based on Measurement that is called negative DP to DT or tau And this tau was showing how the LV pressure will come down and LV will relax And this tau index is not measured anymore these days because we have an echo We could measure the diastolic dysfunction by M mod all time so M mod came after Invention of the echo in which of the echo was in 1953 So the M mod if you look at the mitral inflow, this is a very old M mod the mitral inflow has anterior leaflet movement and posterior mitral movement and This is the e wave F wave a wave at the end of the diastasis is a small bump is called B bump this B bump Was used to be called as a sign of diastolic dysfunction If you do the mitral inflow these days You might see the B bump as a sign of diastolic dysfunction, but again, we don't use it these days So what we should measure in assessing LV diastolic function by echo calligraphy There are two Both measurements can be done by transtersic and TE except one We cannot do it by TE and that's a LA volume The rest we can do it So the guideline came based on transtersic echo, but it can be applied to the TE as well except for LA volume The first group of measurement are the measurements that we do it in every patient That's a this table and the second table are the measurement that we do in a special type of patients So the first thing that we measure is the mitral inflow Doppler We put the sample volume at the level of the tip of the mitral leaflets You have to be sure that we are at the tip of the mitral valve And we do it in TE for example, we do it in 4th chamber view 0 degree The sample volume size should be 1 to 3 mm. We measure the evave velocity We can measure the deceleration time and we measure the evave velocity We can measure the IVRT By pulse Doppler again in 5th chamber view. I will show you a slide how we do it We can measure the T-shoot Doppler. So for T-shoot Doppler again, we can measure the E prime lateral and the septal and The sample volume size when we do T-shoot Doppler should be 5 to 10 mm. So it's bigger than the regular Doppler or Bradpool Doppler For my venous flow Doppler velocity, we can measure the S wave D wave and A wave reversal and again because this is a blood pool Doppler the sample volume should be 1 to 3 mm and We have to go deep inside the vein about 1 to 2 cm deep inside the vein TR velocity we can measure it very well epic again in 4th chamber view and We can measure it in other views as well LA volume In translasic we do it in apical 4th chamber and 2th chamber view By method of disc in TE we can measure the LA volume We just can measure the LA dimension and I will show you how we do it These measurements are in a specific disease When we say a specific disease I will show you the list of the specific diseases like MS like MR like atrial fibrillation and We do these measurements only on that type of disease not in every patient So we can measure the mitral inflow a wave duration We can measure the mitral e-wave acceleration rate in atrial fibrillation is very important and I will show you a slide How we do it mitral inflow color propagation velocity pulmonary vein systolic filling fracture D wave deceleration time and a wave reversal duration. I will show you in a slide how we do it Another thing that we can measure it and is very useful in MS patient and MR patient is a time to the e and time to the e prime and Again, I will show you in one the slide Valsalva maneuver we can do it in translasic in TE is not possible This slide is showing the mitral inflow as you can see the e-wave is bigger than a When we are younger the e-wave is bigger than a and sometimes even it might reach to two to one the ratio And when we get older the e-wave will be a smaller a smaller than a but not The ratio of the e to a less than point eight if it goes down to less than point eight That's a sign of a diastolic dysfunction This is again how to use the Epical 4 chamber view to put the sample will you at the tip of the mitral valve and measure the e-wave and a wave Then slide the right side is again the checking the mitral inflow e-wave and a wave by TE in Epical 4 chamber view Sometimes there is another wave between e and a This wave is called L wave This L wave is compatible this Moderate to severe diastolic dysfunction. We can do the L wave. We can measure it by tissue Doppler as well But in blood Doppler is better The reason that this wave was called L wave the first was described by a Echo technician in Mayo Clinic. Her name was Carolin Lam So she described that wave and now we call it L wave because of the lamb Mitral inflow as I said before can be changed by Valsalva Sometimes you have a mitral inflow of one patient here. You don't know e is bigger than a because of so the normal Or it does just the normal can be both of them because in normal e is bigger than a Is so the normal again e will be bigger than a to differentiate these two we can do a Valsalva We can bring the pressure of the la down So we ask the patient do a Valsalva the venous return will decrease and the e pressure the La pressure will come down and e will be a smaller so if we did a Valsalva and E became a smaller than a wave We say that was a pseudo normal. It means La pressure Regularly is high If the e is still after Valsalva was bigger than a wave So we call that one normal. So this was way of differentiation between Normal mitral inflow and so the normal and we don't use it these days because now we have a tissue Doppler This was before 1990 that we didn't have tissue Doppler Again, this is the way that we this cartoon will show how we do it in te How we measure the mitral inflow and how we measure the IVR T We can put a sample volume between the tip of the mitral and the LVOT and measure the IVR T IVR T is between the time of closing of the aortic valve to the opening of the mitral valve this time IVR T normally is 60 to 90 This is the way how we do the La volume This is based on the trans tracic. We cannot do the la volume by T And V if you do it the underestimated but we can measure the La by T see this is the view like a Short axis view of the aortic valve Like a 60 degree this La dimension is Anthroposterior dimension Anthropo is here posterior is here Anthropo still dimension is the same as la dimension in this view of the time static so this view like a 50 60 degree of the Trans is a visual view is the same la dimension as trans tracic And we can measure the dimension, but if we do volume we will underestimate it and it's a paper to show We can measure the TR velocity by trans tracic and we can measure the TR velocity by T as well This slide is showing the use of pulmonary vein For assessment of the diastolic dysfunction The slide in the left side shows that the S wave is always B than D except in a very young people If S became less than D after like the age of 40 or 50 We call it systolic planting and that can be because of diastolic dysfunction or because of the mitral egogetation The D wave deceleration time less than 220 millisecond is compatible with diastolic dysfunction Especially in atrial fibrillation. So this is one of the criteria that we can use it in atrial fibrillation D wave deceleration time less than 220 millisecond and the slide in the right side shows the systolic filling fraction it means we trace the S wave We trace the D wave the ratio of the S wave tracing to the sum of S wave and D wave tracing That's got systolic filling fracture and has a use and when I am showing you the algorithm of this dysfunction I am going to talk about that one. This is again a Pulmonary vein flow by TE as the same as I showed you This is a pulmonary vein in a patient that has a heart failure is preserved EF and This is how we do color propagation color propagation velocity can be done by transtersic and by TE. So you are in an apical 4-chamber view You put the cursor line across the mitral inflow you put the color and you go a Color emote and you can measure from the beginning of the mitral valve up to 4 cm usually color propagation velocity more than 45 cm is normal and less than 35 cm per second for sure is severe dysentery dysfunction Again, this is not a routine measurement. This is a tissue Doppler you are all familiar and You can do it from lateral in transtersic and septal. You can do it by TE as well So this is a tissue Doppler our sample volume is the lateral you have a E prime A prime and S prime is here and this is the diagonal So here we have two important measurement You can do the deceleration time as you see it here, but this is very important in this slide We have a patient that has a atrial fibrillation In atrial fibrillation, you can't measure the e to a wave Ratio because we don't have a wave. So the best measurement in atrial fibrillation is evave a Velocity acceleration rate So we have the mitral inflow You put the cursor line here and we go up to tip of the evave. We measure the acceleration rate So the sharper goes up like a vertical that patient has a dysentery dysfunction Less vertical patient does not have a dysentery dysfunction this acceleration rate more than 1900 centimeter per second two is compatible with this dysentery dysfunction so evave Acceleration rate is one of the very good criteria to measure the diastere dysfunction in AF patient another thing that you can do in the AF patient is D-wave deceleration time in the pulmonary vein flow is wave D wave You can measure the D wave deceleration time if it's less than If it's a more than 220 that patient has 20 millisecond that patient has a diastolic dysfunction and So if it's longer patient has a dysentery dysfunction at the same time you can measure the evave deceleration time And this is how we do systolic filling fracture So you can trace the S wave and the D wave and they take a ratio between S wave tracing to the sum of the S wave and the D wave as it's showing in this formula This timing is very important if the patient has a mitral stenosis and Mitral regorge or mitral regurgitation and you want to measure the diastere dysfunction You cannot use the evave to E prime velocity Because evave in mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis is increased So the only thing that you can measure is a time to evave To the time to the E prime. So you do the mitral inflow in epical 4 chamber view You measure from our wave to the beginning of the evave Then you go tissue Doppler and Measure the time from our wave to E prime Regularly in patient with no diastere dysfunction this time R to E prime is shorter than this time or to evave if this time Became longer than or to evave that patient has a diastere dysfunction and there is a number I will show you so the time to the tissue Doppler should be normally less than Blood Doppler it became longer patient has a diastere dysfunction So how we apply all this measurement To the patient first of all we have to ask our self Is this patient can have Diastere dysfunction If can have it we do it. Otherwise is no point to do it Type of patient they can have a diastere dysfunction the patient with cornea artery disease They can have a diastere dysfunction The patient that has a LVH Pathologic LVH for any reason like hypertension AS patient they have a diastere dysfunction Patient that they have a LVC stalling dysfunction. They can have a diastere dysfunction So based on this new guideline anybody has a LVC stalling dysfunction by default has a diastere dysfunction If the patient has a heart failure This preserved EF can have a diastere dysfunction if patient has abnormal strain Can have a diastere dysfunction. So we do diastere dysfunction in a patient that has one of this underlying disease Otherwise, we know the patient does not have a diastere dysfunction and we don't have to do the measurement The guideline gave us two algorithm Assume we did all the measurement at that I talked before and Now we put in these two algorithm algorithm a and then next time I will show you the algorithm B algorithm a says assessment of LV diastere dysfunction or LV diastere function in a patient that has a normal EF LV EF is normal We use the four criteria We use average E to E prime When we say average means E prime of the lateral and E prime of The septal we did both of them and we took average This is one criteria criteria number two is Sceptile E prime less than seven or lateral E prime less than ten So this is one Tr venously more than 2.8 La volume index more than 34 milliliters Per meter square. Obviously, we don't have this number four in T. So any time Less than two of them are positive It means only one positive that patient does not have diastere dysfunction. So less than 50 percent If it's more than 50 percent positive that patient has a diastere dysfunction If it's just 50 percent It means to our positive to our negative. We say this is indeterminate It means we cannot say the patient has a diastere dysfunction so Less than two positive no diastere dysfunction More than two positive. There is a diastere dysfunction Too positive to negative is indeterminate Then we go to so first we diagnose that patient has a diastere dysfunction or not and the second algorithm we go and see What is the grade of the diastere dysfunction? This algorithm This algorithm you have to look at it and you have to look at it many time and use it on patient to learn Otherwise, it's difficult again in this algorithm We go based on the e to a ratio if e to a ratio is less than point eight and E wave is less than 50 we go grade one So in grade one diastere dysfunction It means patient La pressure is not high. It's just grade one diastere dysfunction in other way If the e to a ratio is more than two That patient has a grade three or severe diastere dysfunction so grade three diastere dysfunction and Grade one is easy grade one e to a ratio is less than point eight Great three is more than two Any time e to a ratio is between point eight and two or e to a is less than point eight, but the e wave is more than 50 we go to the middle When we are in the middle, it means it's not grade one is not grade three We look at other criteria this all criteria. I showed you how we measure it We go average e to e prime more than 14 TR velocity more than 2.8 La volume more than 34 Again from these three criteria If two of the three or three are negative we go grade one If two of the three or three are positive we go grade two if Only two criteria are available to negative we go to the grade one Two positive we go to the grade two and one positive one negative. We call it indeterminate This is the only group that we cannot determine the diastere dysfunction by echocardiography, so this is a little bit difficult Algorithm and you have to memorize it But if you practice it a couple of times it will be easy There are some special disease That we cannot use our Regular measurement and as I showed you we have to do extra measurements like age of inflation in age of inflation e to e prime ratio instead of 14 More than 11 has a meaning so more than 11 is diastere dysfunction as I said I showed you before peak acceleration rate We can measure it. It is more than one thousand nine hundred centimeter per second to that patient has a dice to this function IVRT we can use it and Deceleration time of the polymer vein less than 220 millisecond Patient has dice to this function. I see in previous table. I said more than 220 less than 220 So less than 220 Is compatible with dice to this function In systolic tachycardia is difficult to assess the dice to this function We have to bring the heart rate down to measure it in a hypertofocardomyopathy again We can take the average of the e to e prime In restrictive cardiomyopathy, that's a measurement that we can use it Sometimes we have a high TR velocity, but patient does not have dice to this function has just long disease In mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation as I told you before we can measure that time Time of the e minus e prime and the ratio of the IVRT to that time less than four point two in MS or less than five point six in MR is Compatible with dice to this So these three special disease you might Be dealing in the war a F patient mitral stenosis patient and MR patient These are the criteria that you have to measure it to assess the dice to this function in this Special disease so I recommend all of you to remember these three condition a F patient mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation How we do the dice to this function because This table usually one or two question might come in the exam so this was the first part of my talk about Echo assessment of the dice to this function It is a little bit difficult as I told you the guideline is a difficult guideline Probably this year or next year American Society will change it But still we apply it right now It's so difficult that many a collab even they don't report the dice of this function Even in our a collab Many cases they don't report it at all But we should learn how to do it and if we do it and we do it as a routine It will be gradually easy So the second part of the talk is echocardiography and cardiomyopathy. This is a very short You already you know the cardemopathy is very well. You have it in the war in a lot of room many times We have dilated cardiomyopathy. We have hyper-term cardiomyopathy. You see it always during the myectomy We have a restrictive cardiomyopathy that you usually don't see them in the war Maybe you see them in the heart transplant This is a different shape of the different type Cardomyopathy are the disease of the myocardium Without having coronary artery disease without having Valvular heart disease. So the disease of the myocardium without valvular heart disease without coronary artery disease and this is the classification of WHO for cardiomyopathy disease of the myocardium associated this cardiac dysfunction This is the classification of American Heart Association for cardiomyopathy Again, you can read it and most of this you know it We can classify the cardiomyopathy as a primary as a secondary Primary is it can be a genetic can be mixed can be a quart cardiomyopathy like esteris induced cardiomyopathy prepartum cardiomyopathy Pachycardia induced cardiomyopathy and the secondary cardiomyopathy the most famous one is amyloidosis of the cardiomyopathy And I hope this move is they move So this is a first patient. You see very dilated LV and very poor And you see here There is a severe Mitral regurgitation So this is a short axis of the LV. You see LV function is very poor See the LV Besides the function is poor when you go more to the apex of the LV. This is transverse gekko a Trabuculation of the LV so is a hypertrabuculation When you go to the apex of the LV, you see the LV looks like a highly Trabuculated It's called espondium myocardium. This is a disease. We call it non compaction LV non compaction This is almost a Unclassified cardiomyopathy some people believe this Congenital Because we can see them in pediatric patients as well. We I reported the case Age of five. I published it. You can go by my name and see it in pediatric uh, so This LV none as a deep recesses and mesh work at the LV apex This type of cardiomyopathy is not common, but it's a very bad disease and doesn't have any solution except You can see it takes the apex more so the The definition is if you measure the sickness Of the non compact part ratio to the compact part Is more than two to one So if the non compacted area more than compacted is more than two to one We call it non compaction in our heart in normal heart The ratio of the non compacted part compacted is like a point two point three It means most of the heart is compacted in normal heart in these people heart is not compacted Again, you see the the mesh work of the apex and deep recess Is the apical four chamber view They usually come with all Manifestation of the cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy. They come with mr They come with lv thrombosis. They come with arrhythmia and they Can have involvement of the rv as well. So most of the lv non compaction Is common in lv but can happen in rv as well And when it happens in rv, you will have a severe tear so this is a Cartoon of that and this is the specimen you see the lv It has lots of triboculation and it's not compacted. It's not like here. It's not compacted So that's a very bad disease and thanks god is not This too is 82 year old man presented to our center due to severe shortness of breath No, he's still a hyper So again, this is a transtersic echo You see there's a severe lvh, but patient doesn't have hypertension. It doesn't have a as as well So anytime you see a patient has a lvh No hypertension No as And an old is old patient probably is amyloidosis cardiac amyloidosis lv myocardium is very bright because it's speckling or sparkling And systolic function at the beginning is normal gradually will decrease This is short axis severe hypertrophy another disease that will give severe hypertrophy Without hypertension is fibrous disease. That's not common, but amyloidosis is almost common That's a mitral influx So this is the strain You have a strain in your machine. You can do it So when we do a strain for amyloidosis You see the apex is contracting very well, but the base is not contracting Contracting is shown by red Is not going to be showed by blue This is the strain of the patient with And here again, you can see it the apex is red is contracting very well. The rest is not contracting So we say the amyloidosis has a apical spading apex is not diseased. The rest has a disease We do a A See here the bull's eye Seventeen segment together you see at the middle is red. The rest is less red and or is blue And this appearance is called Cherry at the top Of the cake Because it's a middle is like a cherry and the rest is not cherry. So this is a very classic appearance of the cardiac At this is a specific of the cardiac amyloidosis severe hypertrophy and you can make a diagnosis with different special type of a stain Okay, thank you very much. Anyway, I hope it was recorded well And I will recommend you especially about diastolic dysfunction To practice it in the war also some Patient younger patient they might not have diastolic dysfunction when they have a valve or disease What you can practice in every patient and the only way to learn it Is just


I remember when you couldn't do business on your phone. You used to have to go to a desktop computer. It's not that long ago. Last night I was doing business. I was walking on the beach in Puerto Rico. I was thinking, what a good life I live in. 75 degrees, perfect weather, tropical paradise, no air pollution. I'm walking and I'm going, I'm living freedom. I'm on the phone. I'm doing big deals and I'm paying attention to what I'm doing and it makes me happy. All in everybody's fingertip. People don't have that. So you want to change your life today?  I hear so many monotone people or fearful people. Should be passionate about being a happy person too and living a life that makes you happy.


Good day, west of Calgary, delivering to this very, very fancy new neighborhood coming up. It's all still pretty brand new. More of it is built out that way already. But these houses here are show homes and apparently it's hard to see because my fisheye lens I know. But that one right there on the end, you see how close together they are? Isn't that a fire hazard? You could literally just walk across the neighborhood, across people's roofs. Anyways, that one on the right over there, this is starting at close to $750,000, $750,000. Wow! And you don't even really get a yard, apparently it's only 50 feet deep. I'm not sure how wide it is, it's just as wide as the house, I don't even know if you have property on the side of your house to be able to walk around your house to your backyard. You might have to go through your house. And apparently they're doing pretty bad right now because obviously no one's buying houses right now, right during this pandemic. So hopefully everything goes back to normal soon for these guys but like $700,000 to $800,000 a month. A month, I mean $700,000 to $800,000 for a house. That's almost triple what I paid in Manitoba, not quite.  Wow! Imagine what kind of job you must have to have to be able to afford a house. And then you have to furnish it and then you have to feed yourself. And then if you have kids, you've got to feed your kids too. Something's got to be done about our housing market, it's getting a little out of control. We need to be able to afford things.  But anyways, this vlog isn't about houses so we are empty right now. I'm headed up to Niscue, Alberta where I've got to pick up some supplies that I need to strap in my next load that I'm picking up in Edmonton. We have a drop yard or a yard in Niscue and there's some equipment there that I need, some straps. Not the kind of straps you're thinking, we're not on flatbeds anymore.  And then I'm bringing that load. I uploaded that tomorrow morning, 7 a.m. before the gods are awake. I'm bringing that back to Niscue, hooking on to another empty trailer, bringing that back into Edmonton, loading it up and that load is taking me home so that I can get this window replaced. Because if you remember from yesterday, there was an incident. There was a no passing zone because there's loose gravel on the highway. That's how they fix things sometimes. And a guy passed me anyway, threw up some rocks, blew out my window here. Got it all on dash cam, I believe we'll be chasing after that company for that. But that isn't going to be my headache. Thank God, because I've had a lot of headaches over the past little while. It's kind of nice just to pass off your headache to someone else. Does that sound bad? Like here, here's a headache, it's yours. I know it's not very good to say, but it is kind of relieving to not have to worry about stuff like that. But other than that, yeah, it's going to get replaced. The window takes three days. I think they had to order it in from Seattle or Toronto. And it's going to arrive at the shop around the time I get there on Friday. It's going to go straight into the shop Friday afternoon as soon as I get there and hopefully they'll have it done by Saturday afternoon and I'll be back trucking. What? Oh, it's getting mad at me. I'm sitting here too long. This truck doesn't like to sit here and idle. It shuts itself off. It doesn't want to idle, which makes sense because, you know, I'm not paying the fuel. So the person who is paying the fuel, they don't want me sitting around idling the truck all day long. So we should get moving. We should get moving. And off we go. Another successful delivery by Trucker Josh. Another happy customer. So I've got to make it around this little roundabout here. I think that that truck on the left there that's watering, the grass is going to be in my way. I guess we'll find out. I got to do a whole U-turn right here. I might be able to make it. You see how he's parked over there? I might need to stop and sit there awkwardly waiting for him to realize so that he moves up a little bit. Let's see what happens. Every new neighborhood that's coming up in Canada has these crazy European roundabouts. I still don't approve. But I guess they are kind of fancy.  It is what it is. Excuse me. I think I can get past them. Lots of room. Lots of room. You keep watering the bushes over there, but I'm just going to sneak past you. Oh yeah. I'm close. So this on the left here is going to be a big fancy golf course. And this whole area here, they're building like a new town from scratch. It's outside the city, but they're building a new town from scratch. But they're building the houses closer together than they are in the actual city. So this is obviously going to turn into a suburb of Calgary very quickly. The receiver here was a great guy. He was a fun guy. I sat and talked to him for a while. I don't got to reload until tomorrow morning, so I had a little bit of time. Great guy. I hope I meet up with him again. Truck out of here. His little pond off to the right. So some people are going to have riverfront property or lakefront property here. They've got their own water treatment plant off to the left here. The guy who was the receiver here was telling me all about this neighborhood. And it's its own self-sustaining town built right from scratch. Everything's starting off from around. They said the lowest price he's heard of so far for houses here starting at about $650,000. Woo! So you better be a millionaire to live here. Can you imagine living in a community like this? If you could afford it, that'd be awesome. Because you know everybody around you is all hard workers, right? They're all going to work. They're all doing their best. They're managing their finances, hopefully, right? So it should be a pretty safe community because everybody is pretty busy and preoccupied with work. Everything's going to be brand new. Here's the water treatment plant off to the left here. This town is going to be called Harmony. I've never actually seen them build a town from scratch this big. Usually it's just, you know, they build a suburb onto an existing town or city. Well, this is right from scratch, right new. But it won't take long and this will be part of Calgary. Things are growing so fast out here. Lots of money flowing around. Thank you for visiting. They got a nice little sign for us. Thank you. You're welcome. You're very welcome. Nice little town you got here. Very nice. Very nice. Tractor Josh stamp of approval. Look at these houses. Three-story houses. Wow. They look like beach houses, almost like beachfront houses. Ah, that's what I'm talking about. Proceed to the highlighted route. Oh, I'm going, Karen. I already got Google telling me where to go because you didn't know where we were. This town is so new. Karen doesn't even know where we are. She thinks we're like roaming around the middle of the field right now. It's just gorgeous. But gorgeous. They get the gorgeous title. Wow. A three-story house. That's what me and Brett have been talking about. We'd love to have that. We just can't afford that.  Want to be friends? I knew this place was here. So I'm just on one of these highway 22 in Alberta. Headed northbound and we're at the corner with what is it, Big Hills Springs Road. Head into this lovely little corner store here and grab us a lovely little coffee. Hope they got the good stuff. Pretty sure they do because I already knew. I knew on this road for 10 kilometers. I already knew subconsciously to stop here. I was coming up to the center section and I turned my turn signal on without even thinking. Also, I'm like, wait, where am I going? And then I came up over the hill or like around the corner. Oh yeah, that's right. Coffee. My subconscious knows where the coffee is better than I do. Spring Hill RV Park.  What is this place called? It's just that corner store on here. Nice big parking lot. It's never too busy. It's kind of off the main road. The regular highway is just, well now it's behind us to our east that heads up to Edmonton. So not a lot of people take this road. But we do. Wine and spirits. I always wonder why do they call it spirits? It's kind of voodoo stuff going on here. Spirits. Come here to get the spirits. Big pickup trucks with big flags in the box. What are this Flying J here in Leduc? Leduc. Leduc, Alberta, just south of Edmonton. I'm gonna quickly swing in here and have a shower. I hope they have showers. This is a really small location. Stuff to our left. I hope they have showers. If not then whatever. I don't think I'm going to find parking at the Flying J in Edmonton by the time I get there. I've got to swing past our yard here, pick up those materials first. Or those straps anyway. I don't know if you'd call that material, but see if we can find us a way into here. How many of you know this area here? You gotta stop at this truck stop a lot. This truck doesn't have a lot of acceleration. It tries to shift gears too much too quickly. I don't even know if there's parking here for us. Thanks. Oh! Ho! That was a pothole. I'll see there is parking back there, but that one oversized load is taking up the entire lot. Look at this guy over here. Blocking everything. Two trucks there blocking absolutely everything. I'd like to park in there. It's kind of ridiculous. There's at least like four or five spots behind them that they're blocking in. Why are you parked there, bud?   They're blocking everything. I know it might be a little harder to back up a unit like that, but why would you go in and block absolutely everyone else's chance of parking just so you can go in? And there's this guy here too. Is he going to leave too? He's taking pictures. I'm going to honk at you soon, bud, if you don't start moving. Come on. Okay, here we go. This is what I mean by truck stops in Canada.  Look at all these spots behind them that they were blocking. Oh man, that just grinds my gears in the worst way. It's my gears. Just to get a coffee. I know coffee is important. I love coffee too, but how many people can you inconvenience? Is it like a challenge? Like how many people can I block in while I go and get a coffee? Tell you what, I hope people learn from my vlogs that it's very important to park properly. You know they won't, they won't. That's why I didn't even bother going to talk to him, because if you go and talk to him and be like, hey, you mind, we'd like to use the parking lot for what it was designed for, parking.  I know I complain, I complain. Stop complaining, Trucker Josh. I know. But I do that for a reason. I show these things and I talk about these things in a way to sort of shame these drivers who do these ridiculous things that inconvenience everybody else so that maybe they didn't realize it. Some people just don't realize when they're being a nuisance or when they're being rude or when they're, you know, doing something that they could be doing better. Some people just don't realize it. Some people just don't have that self-awareness. And that's fine. I'm not trying to say you should have more self, yeah, I'm saying you should have more self-awareness. Edmonton, Edmonton, Edmonton. You and your nice overpasses. Very nice. Very nice. I wish we had those. Have I ever mentioned that before? You guys don't know how I feel about Winnipeg Overpasses, do you? It is so windy out here today. It's ridiculous. Westland, no. West Edmonton Truckland. It's a flying J. There's that in the Esso across the street. I'm hoping there's going to be a parking spot there for us. I guess I should have been expecting traffic. A bit of a while since we've been in some good traffic. This is nothing yet, but it is what? 5.18pm here. Everybody's on their way home. Everyone's going home at the same time. You thirsty, fella? I think as he's gotten older, he's just learned and preferred, learned that he prefers not to eat or drink while the truck is moving.  Smart. He used to just drink anytime, whatever. But he usually doesn't eat as well on the road probably because he's not as active. We try to get him running every day. But at home, he... Britt has this magic. She's the dog whisperer. She has this magic touch with dogs and he'll do anything for her. He won't do anything for me. I gotta, like, coax him into it sometime. Hey, Lisa. It's true. It's true. So now we're here at this Esso here in Northwest Calgary. Lots of... No, Northwest Edmonton. Lots of parking space here. And so we're going to call it a night. 7 a.m. I have to be just around the corner loading up my load. I apparently have to be in there helping them a bit. Because we'll see what happens. Oh, okay. I'm tired. I'm going a bit early today, though. So the plan for tomorrow is I go around the corner. I load up that trailer. I bring it to Niscue. I already told you this, right? I'll tell you again. Bring it to Niscue. Drop it. Pick up an empty trailer. Come back into Edmonton. Load that one up at a different place. And then go home. So that'll be my day tomorrow. It'll be a long day. It'll be a long 16-hour day. But it's going to be fun. And I hope you join us. I'll see you then.


Hello, I'm John Russell. In previous videos, we explored phrasal verbs and pronunciation. A quick reminder, phrasal verbs involve a verb and another short word or words. For example, work out. In general, Americans stress the second or last word in a phrasal verb. But sometimes, phrasal verbs have a noun form, sometimes called a phrasal noun. For example, the phrasal verb work out has a noun form, work out. You might be wondering how Americans show the difference between verb and noun forms. The answer comes down to pronunciation. Americans often stress the first part of a phrasal noun. They generally stress the last part of a phrasal verb. Listen again. Work out, work out. There are many examples that follow this pattern. Consider the following. Sign up. As in, I would like to sign up for the program. That's a phrasal verb. How does the noun form sound? As in, I would like to fill out the sign up form. Now consider this question. I'll say two words. Can you identify which one is a phrasal verb and which one is a phrasal noun? Hand out. Hand out. Write us your answer in the comments section of our website, learningenglish.voanews.com. That's all for today. Keep up the good work.


Well, hello everybody. I'm Sergio or Flagman. He's Carlos or Richard. We work at TwoSecure as you can see here.  Well, as you should know, we are here to present Sila. Sila is a tool we made like a couple of years ago. Everything starts like back in 2010. I don't know if you remember what's Hydra, the brute force tool. Well, back in 2010, it doesn't work for Windows.  I got a lot of friends that were all day begging me to help them to compile it and to make it work there. Well, and I gotta confess, the first version of Sila was just a copy from Hydra. I just took the C++ code and translated it to C sharp. Well, then I got a hack like some Oracle database. So I used in that day like O scanner. And it didn't work with Oracle 11G. I don't know and I didn't even try to know why. So I started coding. Just coding stuff, something like to do the same stuff that O scanner using the Sila score. So if you see later, you will see that the Oracle model is just like the same as O scanner. But I got the idea to make the same with a lot of protocols. Wait a minute. Well, okay, let's contextualize this a bit. When you try to hack something, well, I try to first see what services this error offers, then try to find some vulnerabilities. And if there is something to exploit, I'll exploit it. If not, you gotta try to use a lot of tools and a lot of stuff. And then, I don't know, try to maintain access using some bug or something. Here we can see the normal hacking flows of an ethical hacking flow at the top and down like a normal hacking flow. I don't think you should use like Nexus or something when you are really hacking something. Well, what's that? Use a lot of stuff. You gotta search in Google a lot of tools. Most of security consultants just take out their arsenal. Other people like try to Google for something that works. And I think most of us will try to code something if we can find any tool or something. And that's what CELA came to. Like to try to save us some time. Like finding stuff and I don't know. Well, CELA works in three basic stages. First, preprocessing. It's like stuff you can make without having a real password. This is like getting database names, password policies to tune up, the brute force. Like to make all the attack a little bit more intelligent than the brute force. And after that, when you got an user password, you can make like what I call post-processing. It's more like expanding influence or what. But some stuff that you can do with a password. What we offer. Here a goon told me that it was like bad spelled offers. It's what we offer. Well, CELA tries to be like complete. And it would be even more complete each day. It's reliable. If there is something that you can do here, CELA would do it. And it's fast. It's really, really fast. If you can try with give it to, it makes like 500 passwords per second. There's a useful feature. It's like hacker oriented. Yeah. You won't get information like to present to a manager or something. But you'll get information that would help you to make further attacks. And it got also a really nice important interface where you can have all the results like centralized. It also have anti anti brute force models.  Also it like process the error messages to like try to see if the user is blocked. So skip it and stuff like that. It integrates with other tools. You can use like FG dump to dump password hashes from Windows servers. And map to try to see which services are on the server. There's a lot of stuff here. Also it got a cool dictionary generator where you can like load a list and make like permutations with those passwords. You already got to make like more complex passwords. And to know it have just support for 14 protocols. Well, I think it's a lot, but we'll try to do even more each day. We also have Sharpey's proxy tool. It's for the attacks when you don't have access to the last machine directly. You don't have connection to the last machine. You have one machine in between. You put in there, start to attack and here's a bouncer on the proxy protocol. Well, in this tool we have a lot of protocols. One of them is H2.  It's very fast. At least 40 tries per second and the worst scenario. And we have a demonstration. Well, it really does a lot of stuff more. I hope you can see this tool working. The source code is open. It's open source. You can download it from here.  Instructions and all that. I don't release the binaries for two reasons. First of all, I don't want everyone to use this tool. Just the people that know how to compile something and would know how to use this tool. And second, because of the dependencies. I really don't try to make this work with all the dependencies it has. You need the Oracle connector and DB2 connector and stuff like that. Well, so here is the demonstration. This is the front panel. This is the session manager where you can pick up the session with your reference on the results that you have for another attacks or last attacks or other attacks. Use a couple of scenarios. You select and we'll start here. Well, our domain is still a window. You can view a host. That is our virtual machine for the presentation. You get passwords in here. And they have three options. The main and basic option is the password. When you test one password, a word is for a list that you have in a way. We just pick a file. That's it. A SQL list where we are prepared. And pick a protocol. And as you can see, in this mode, you have automatic added users. That are the administration users for the protocol. In this case, we have just pick one. Open user interface for command execution. There are a lot of cool options in this mode. In this mode, you have one click on it. Option. Start. And it doesn't work. Yeah. As you can see, we use SQL server to execute commands over the server. First, we try to make good for us and stuff like that. And then you'll see a really nice way where you can execute commands. There's another model that we like to show that is a SQL server. First, we'll show you how to make lists. You can add here as much lists as you want to make more complex stuff. You pick your model. And as you can see, you've got a lot of options here to get information of the remote server. Also the integration with FG dump. And, well, the default users. It's a bit fast, I think. And let's wait until it finds the user. The password. Yeah. We got a password and it's giving us a lot of information. Then it comes FG dump. Don't like the hashes. And then you can see it here. This is a report model where you've got all the information from the users you have and stuff like that. Here you can see the password, the net bios shares, password policies. This is used to make the brute force attack. So if we've got a maximum length or minimum length, we want to try passwords that are less than that length. We've got the services, the network adapters, sessions, well, a lot of stuff. Here is the SQL server report. The user with its password, hashes of all users, databases, the command history. Well, I also want to show you something here. After you hack something, after you hack the database, you've got here something to browse it. It's really useful. Sometimes you've got the password of a DB2 database or something. And you don't have a browser to view the database. Here there's also a very cool option that is to find words from the table names and the column names. Something that I always do is to search for the users or passwords that are in the database for other services. So this would help you to search that. And you've got here the table names that go in there or the column names like those words that you add. Here's the end map integration. You can load a previously scanned host or something and it would filter all the models here, the protocols you can hack. And it would try to help you a bit. What else? Let's say the terminal SSH. This one is very fast. It was like a build from scratch SSH server, SSH clean, sorry. So you can make a really fast attack. This was too small. As you can see, it doesn't like 48 tries per second or more. So this is like the fastest brute force tool for SSH. There's a lot of fancy stuff and things that you can try here. I'll give you again the URL for you to download it. Here it is. Well, there are a lot of options or things you can try. Hope you like this tool. Hope you enjoy it. Sorry if the presentation was too short. And that's all. If you've got any questions, you can buy me a beer or something. If you want the tool or for me to help you to compile it or something, I'll be right here. Well, thank you.