Greetings people in front of the Chaos2West stage. Welcome to the next talk. Maybe you have the time to just fragment a little bit, as you know from the other talks. This by the way is, what is this? Ah, self-organized sessions. So if you have a topic or a kink or something you really really want to talk about, feel free, contact me or my team, actually the team and me. We do have a few slots and we are looking forward to set you up, give you a little stage for your project and everything. Then the next talk is about Bisk. It is a decentralized bitcoin exchange and the man to my right who is a little stressed and has a great name, his name is Chris Beems, like laser beams. It is going to be a good talk. Amazing. I love that. Okay, hello everybody. So we are going to talk about Bisk one moment. There we go. We are going to talk about Bisk which is a decentralized bitcoin exchange. That is me. I am a co-founder of the project along with Manfred Karer who is in the audience here today as well. Let's say a little bit about what Bisk is first. Bisk is a decentralized peer to peer bitcoin exchange. It is best described as follows in terms of its major component parts which is one, Bisk is a cross-platform desktop application. It allows anybody to buy and sell bitcoin in exchange for national currencies. That is something that not many exchanges do that are decentralized for national currencies and other cryptocurrencies. Two, Bisk is a trading protocol. It enables individuals to exchange directly with one another over the internet eliminating the need for trusted third parties to be in the middle of exchange transactions. Here at Bisk is the peer to peer network formed by all of these Bisk applications, all these Bisk clients working together, connecting with each other, implementing the Bisk trading protocol with one another. The Bisk network is fully peer to peer in that it requires no centrally controlled servers and it has no central points of failure. So Bisk is a desktop application, a trading protocol and a peer to peer network that all work together to form a decentralized bitcoin exchange. Bisk is AGPL licensed so it's free software, free software for free people. So let's talk about why we built it, why does this exist. Our mission is to provide a secure, private and censorship resistant way to exchange bitcoin for national currencies and other cryptocurrencies. When we say secure, we're talking about the safety of your funds. Today, most bitcoin exchanges that you use are centralized. That requires people to store their bitcoins on centralized services, servers, putting those bitcoins at risk. And even if you're doing this just for some short amount of time, just as long as it takes to trade and then withdraw your funds, thousands of people are doing that at the same time and that creates extreme incentives for those servers to be hacked and for those bitcoins to be stolen and this is exactly what happens. Time and time again, the beatings have and will continue so long as people continue to do it wrong, right? This is antithetical to the way bitcoin works. These hacks are tens of thousands of dollars worth of bitcoin, hundreds of thousands, sometimes hundreds of millions of dollars worth of bitcoin like in the very famous case of Mt. Gox. Incidentally, not coincidentally, not coincidentally, Bisk's first prototype showed up just a few weeks after Mt. Gox failure. So, security, right? Privacy. When we say private, we're talking about users' ability to control access to their own information. So today, most of those same centralized exchanges require users to divulge personally identifying information in order to set up an account and then they in turn link that data, link that data about users, about you, with your trading activity. This practice creates extreme risks too in that your personal details and sensitive financial information can be stolen, leaked or otherwise used against your own best interests. We don't have to look any further than recent news, right? You know, not bitcoin related but we probably have all heard about Equifax, literally half of all of the people in the United States, more than half of the adults being, you know, doxxed, right? 143 million people's personal data, very sensitive personal data being hacked at Equifax, right? Literally every single Yahoo account was hacked recently and this one, people who know bitcoin will know well. You know, the IRS, the financial agency in the U.S. came to Coinbase a couple of years ago and said basically we'd like all of your data about all of your users and that's not good for them. It's not good for users, right? So, secure, private, censorship resistant. So when we say censorship resistant, we're referring to users' ability to voluntarily trade with one another without interference from any third party. Today, centralized bitcoin exchanges are highly susceptible to that censorship. By their nature, they have to operate in one legal jurisdiction or another. That puts them at risk of being fined or shut down if they don't comply with the laws and rules of that jurisdiction. Which may include and usually do include restrictions on who can trade, what can be traded and almost always include requirements to collect personal information as I described above. So these are bank secrecy laws, anti-money laundering laws, know-your-customer laws. These are almost ubiquitous. This means that when you're signing up for these centralized exchanges to exchange bitcoin, you're having to give copies of your passport, your electricity bill, all kinds of sensitive information that does you no good to share. So, and again, we don't have to look any further than recent news in bitcoin this year. Many people are probably familiar with the stories of China shutting down, banning exchanges, all kinds of madness. So governments can do this, they can, they will. This is the kind of censorship that we're talking about and this is why we built this, the way that we built it. The only way to achieve all of these properties that I'm talking about, secure, private and censorship resistant, is to be decentralized. We don't build things decentralized just to do it. That's way harder than building things centralized. This is all for a reason. So let's talk about how Bisk works. Here it is in a nutshell. Let's just imagine a scenario. You want to buy some bitcoin, right? And you want to do it in exchange for euros, let's say. So in Bisk terminology, you're a buyer of bitcoin, looking for a seller of bitcoin who will accept your euros as payments. So to complete such a trade using Bisk, you'd follow a series of steps similar to the following. First, you download it, right? So you go to our website, you download Bisk, you'd install it and you'd run it just like any other application that you'd run on your desktop, right? The second thing is you'd configure Bisk with your Euro payment account details. Now, this might look antithetical to what I just said. Here you are typing in personal information, information about your bank account. Well, keep in mind, this information isn't going anywhere. This lives locally, only in Bisk, until the time that you choose to take a trade with some particular counterparty. Then and only then is this information shared with that counterparty so that you two, purely peer-to-peer, can settle that trade with one another. So the third thing is that you then go look through Bisk's offer book and you'd see, well, what existing offers are out there to sell bitcoin? You want to buy it, so who's out there that already wants to sell? And maybe you find an offer that you like and if you don't find an offer that you like then you could create your own. But in this scenario, let's imagine that we take someone's existing offer to sell. Okay, so you take it and you agree, in this case, to buy 0.1 BTC, right? 0.1 bitcoins from the seller in exchange for about 1200 of your own Euros. The next steps are that Bisk is going to orchestrate or coordinate the process of you, the buyer, and your counterparty, the seller, working together to go through a manual process, right? Bisk is integrating with essentially a legacy set of systems, legacy banking systems, if you like to think about it that way, and they're not very modern. It's not easy to automate sending Euros through a banking system. It means you're going to have to log into your banking website and click buttons, right? So Bisk is going to help orchestrate that process, but Bisk isn't going to do it itself. So this is what we mean when we say that payments happen out of band, right? Or out of system from Bisk, but Bisk helps orchestrate it. So you can see that process here waiting for blockchain confirmation. That's going to be your deposit transaction with Bitcoin, the Bitcoin being traded and your security deposits from both buyer and seller. We'll talk more about that in a second. So check that's done. You maybe wait 10 minutes for that to start payments. So that's Bisk telling you the buyer, go to your banking website, log in, and send 1200 Euros to this iBan with this first and last name. You've gotten just enough information about your counterparty to settle this trade, right? So you do that, and then you wait, right? Because banks are slow, much, much, much slower than blockchains, much, much slower than Bitcoin, right? It might take, depending on the payment method, it might take an hour or a day or even a few days for, say, a SEPA transfer like we're talking about here. Okay, and then the next thing is that the seller does receive your payment and on the seller's side, in their Bisk client, they click a button that says, I received the payment, right? Then on your side, you're going to see a notification from Bisk saying, okay, the trade is complete. The seller got the funds. You two have worked together to release the Bitcoin to you, the buyer. We'll talk a little bit more about how that happens in a second. And the trade is finished, and you can withdraw those Bitcoins to a different wallet or you can leave it in Bisk. Bisk is also a complete wallet. So that's an overview of the process, but let's break that down a little bit and talk about how trading with Bisk is different than other forms of trading Bitcoin. So the first thing is that there's no automatic order matching, right? When you use a centralized exchange, you typically say, I want to buy this much Bitcoin and it instantly happens. Your account is credited with that Bitcoin. The fiat side of your account that that exchange is debited for that amount. And the reason that that's possible is because of automatic order matching. That centralized service is providing a lot of value, right? So decentralized Bitcoin exchanges are really convenient, really nice, but they're doing that because they're managing that offer book or that order book in a centralized way. So Bisk doesn't work that way, right? It's purely peer-to-peer. You're looking for some particular person's offer to sell or they're going to take your offer to buy or whatever it is. So no automatic order matching. The Bisk protocol, like I mentioned, coordinates out of banned fiat payments. You're going to have to go log into your banking website or whatever other payment method you two have agreed on. And ultimately, settlement, like what it takes to complete the trade. That's what I mean by settlement. It takes longer with Bisk. That's different. But in return, the trade-off that you're making is that it's a far more secure, far more private and far more censorship resistant way to complete that trade. So if that's attractive to you, you would want to use Bisk, right?  You would want to use something centralized, probably. But if you're trying to get in or trying to get out of Bitcoin, if you're trying to get into Bitcoin for the first time, say, right, Bisk would be a very attractive platform for people who are privacy conscious. Okay, so how does Bisk actually fulfill these things? How does Bisk keep your funds secure? Well, the first is that Bisk is entirely non-custodial. What does that mean? It means we never, ever hold on to your funds. This is like the prime directive. This is like rule number one in Bitcoin. If you don't have the keys, you don't have the Bitcoin, right? You never, ever, ever give your Bitcoin away to somebody else to a trusted third party. So Bisk doesn't violate that. Centralized exchanges do. Bisk respects this important part of sort of Bitcoin's philosophy. If Bitcoin's motto is be your own bank, then Bisk's motto is be your own exchange, right? And that means you've got to hold on to your funds the whole time and never is it in our control, right? The second thing is security deposits from both buyer and seller. So both buyer and seller are going to put in a little bit of Bitcoin in addition to the Bitcoin actually being traded as a way of ensuring that nobody acts badly, right? We can talk more about that in a second, too. Those security deposits along with the Bitcoin being traded are locked away in a multi-signature transaction on the Bitcoin blockchain, which some will have heard of that might be new to people. But if you're familiar with the idea of escrow, like when you buy a house, you make this very expensive purchase and you don't trust the person that you're buying the house from to just hold hundreds of thousands of euros. So you put that with an escrow company usually, right? A trusted third party. Well, one thing that blockchain technology and Bitcoin in particular makes possible that wasn't really possible before is the idea of trustless escrow. So we put that, we bisque, helps coordinating, putting the Bitcoin being traded and those security deposits away in a so-called deposit transaction that requires multiple signatures, signatures from you, the buyer, and the seller in order to spend that Bitcoin out. So those funds, that deposit transaction is going to remain locked away in that multi-signature transaction until the seller clicks that button that says, I got the euros. And when he clicks that button, the two bisque clients are going to work together to sign out that deposit transaction. That's a little technical, right? But the point is your funds are never in the control of a third party. The only place that they're ever living is either in your bisque client or safely locked away on the Bitcoin blockchain. The final thing is that bisque includes a decentralized arbitration system as well, right? It's one thing to design a system like this. So far we've gone through the happy path, right? What it looks like when it goes well. But what happens if a mistake was made along the way? What if you as the buyer sent the wrong amount to the seller or you accidentally wrote the wrong name in the payment details or you sent it to the wrong iBan or you sent it too late or you never sent it at all, right? What if the seller never clicks that button that says, I got your money even though you sent the money? So all kinds of mistakes can happen and of course there can also be bad actors in a system like this. So these are the kinds of things that no amount of code can really solve. So we have to have human arbitration in a system like this and that's why bisque incorporates a complete decentralized arbitration system as well to handle disputes. Okay, so that's how bisque helps keep your funds secure, right? How does bisque help keep your data private? Well, the first thing is that there's no registration. There's no identity verification.  Every bisque application, every client is a Tor hidden service. So for most people, most people probably haven't run a Tor hidden service. Probably a disproportionately large number of people here have but most people will never actually experience running a Tor hidden service but with bisque it's just out of the box it works, right? And there's no central servers or databases that we're maintaining that record any data. We couldn't record it if we tried because everything is quite private. Again, it's just between you and your counterparty when you agree to settle a trade with each other or to take a trade with each other. Okay, so how does bisque help you resist censorship, right? Or how is bisque censorship resistant? Well, the first thing is that we're dealing with a fully decentralized, even a fully distributed peer-to-peer network, right? Again, every single person on the bisque network is running that client so that's a fully distributed peer-to-peer network and that's, on its own, pretty hard to shut down, right? That's the nature of these kinds of networks. The second thing is that bisque inherits, in a way, Tor's own censorship resistance, right? Because everybody's running a Tor hidden service, running on top of Tor, we inherit all the benefits of that. You inherit all the benefits of that. And the third thing is that bisque isn't structured as a company or other kind of legal entity. It's not a foundation, it's not a farine, it's none of that. It's just code. So bisque is just code that individual people are choosing to run. And we know by precedent from things like BitTorrent say, that's pretty hard to shut down. So far, code isn't illegal, right? And it's up to all of us to keep it that way and the way we keep it that way is by claiming our rights and running code like this. So where are we, right? What's the current status of this? It's been in production since April of 2016. We've been developing it, like I said, since basically just after Mt. Gox failed. So that's already almost four years in development. It took about two, two and a half years to develop and test it completely before we were comfortable going live on Bitcoin's main net or the main Bitcoin blockchain. But we did that in April of 2016, so that's about 20 months ago as I speak. And there you're just looking at, that's the monthly chart of, you know, how much Bitcoin moved through the network and there's 20 bars there, right? So 20 months of Bisk in production so far. And during that time, we've processed thousands of trades worth millions of dollars of Bitcoin rights or the dollar value of Bitcoin if you measure it that way. And we've had no downtime and we've had no major incidents.  But we've been growing steadily. And this chart is showing you, again, the U.S. dollar value of all the Bitcoin that's moved through the exchange at the current, you know, exchange rate for Bitcoin to U.S. dollars. So if you look at the left side there in April of 2016, we did about $30,000 worth of Bitcoin trading, otherwise known as nothing by comparison to big exchanges, right? But you see that trend line moving through it? We've doubled that volume about every three and a half to four months since April of 2016. And that's, you know, that's actually an exponential curve. And we've been tracking to that curve pretty well. This chart that you're looking at is up to date as of September. This is the chart from the last two months. So the fully accurate chart this last month was a pretty wild ride.  And that's due to a few reasons, but the biggest reason is just everything that's been going on in Bitcoin land. So if you follow this space, you've probably heard about how most, if not all, of the major centralized exchanges have just been totally overwhelmed by, you know, the influx of new users and so on, just crumbling under the load of, you know, even shutting down new user accounts and so on, turning people away. Well, we got a little taste of that. Fortunately, we didn't shut anything down. We didn't turn anybody away. We were actually able to do quite a bit of trading, even though it was pretty intense. And so let's talk about how Bisk is funded, right? How do we keep this whole thing running? It's free software, right? Like, you know, both free as in beer and free as in speech, you can just download and run Bisk, and obviously it's, you know, AGPL licensed, but actually trading on Bisk does cost something, right? So we charge trading fees, and where those trading fees go are directly to the arbitrators, right? So one way to think about what you're paying for when you pay to trade on Bisk is you're paying for the security that those arbitrators provide. Even if the arbitrator doesn't have anything to do with that particular trade, even if your trade is a kind of happy-path trade, you never would have engaged in that trade in the first place if you didn't have the reassurance knowing that there's an arbitrator there if something does go wrong. So that's the kind of value model behind our trading fees. And those fees have averaged about one Bitcoin per month, and up until this last month or so, that wasn't enough to pay the bills. Over the last month, the price has gone up so high that actually could start to pay the bills, but primarily it's been funded out of pocket. You know, we've been growing and making a bit more money as we go, but it hasn't been enough. Maybe we're starting to turn that corner now. But the problem is that there's been no decentralized way to compensate all the other contributors that do all of the other things with Bisk, right? All of the coding, all of the, you know, monitoring IRC and Reddit and, you know, updating documentation and all of the things that aren't arbitration. There's been no clear way to compensate those contributors in a decentralized way. And I'm mentioning that here because I'm going to talk in a moment about the Bisk Dow, right? So more on that in a moment. But these are some of the issues that we're currently dealing with and that we've designed solutions to but that are in the process of being rolled out. So that's funding, right? So how has Bisk governed? How has Bisk been governed so far, right? Again, this is all changing right now. But up until very recently it's been a small team of contributors. It's been centralized maintenance arbitrage, excuse me, administration and operation. What does that mean? It just means that small group of developers and contributors are the ones that are responsible for all the code changes and so on. The founders have primarily been the key decision makers, right? And there's just a couple of founders. So that's already quite a bit of centralization, right? These are all risks when it comes to censorship resistance, right? When you have centralization of decision making and funding and so on that makes you weak with regard to censorship resistance. So that's why it's so important for us to solve this problem. And so you can think about it this way, right? Bisk's technology is decentralized, really quite well decentralized. But Bisk's governance hasn't been so far. Bisk's governance has largely been centralized. So where are we in the mission that I talked about earlier then? I said our mission is to provide secure private censorship resistance to exchange Bitcoin for national and cryptocurrencies. Well, I think it's roughly safe to check the box on secure and private, right? This is never perfect. It can always be better. But we think we've done a pretty good job of that, certainly better than the alternatives that are out there. But with regard to censorship resistance, like I say, there's work to be done. So the peer-to-peer network over Tor, right? That goes a long way toward censorship resistance. That's great. But decentralized funding, up until very recently, we hadn't made a lot of progress in that and decentralized governance. We hadn't made a lot of progress in that. So what we need now and what we're up to now is continued trading volume growth, right? If a growing number of people don't continue to do this Bisk, then it'll probably never become economically viable, right? It'll always be a very tiny, just open-source project kind of struggling to get by. But the good news is, you've seen that trend line. It seems to be going pretty well. The second thing, and this is really the most important thing, and especially to an audience like this, is to scale up contributions, right? Scale up the group of people that are contributing to Bisk, working on Bisk, working with us through GitHub and sort of all of the normal state-of-the-art tools in order to obviously improve Bisk, but to help continuing, fostering that growth, right? The Bisk that we have today wouldn't be able to scale up 10x, 100x, right? If for no other reason, then we only have a handful of arbitrators right now. So we need more people who can do arbitration, for example, in order to really, really scale up, you know, to kind of the level, anything near centralized exchanges like we know them today. We need a decentralized compensation model to incentivize all those other contributors that I just talked about. And we need a decentralized responsibility model to avoid censorship, right? So if there's just one or two heads to cut off, then there's a decent risk that they will be cut off. But if there's a whole bunch of people that are responsible for, you know, all the pieces and parts of what it means to operate and administer and maintain Bisk in its network, then that's a whole lot harder to shut down. So we have under the Dow, right, which I'm going to explain in just a moment, our governance becomes decentralized too. That's the idea. So what is the Bisk Dow? How many people have heard of this term? Dow, yeah. Okay, that's like approaching half. For those that don't know, it stands for Decentralized Autonomous Organization. And this is an emerging concept in the kind of crypto space, right? You can think of it as what happens to the idea of corporations when you have things like cryptocurrency in the mix? We start to see a kind of new economic entity start to show up. Corporations were an innovation three or 400 years ago. We may now have a new kind of innovation in how to organize ourselves and how to structure ourselves to work together effectively. So what I'm going to talk about in a little bit of a Dow is the kind of leading set of ideas around that. So this talk that I'm giving here is a modified version of a longer talk that I gave some months ago in Prague. And so there's a number of slides here that I'm going to move through pretty quickly because I want to make sure that there's time for questions and we just have about 10 more minutes. But for those that are interested, right, there's the overview of BISC, why it exists, what it's for, a little bit about how it feels to use it. What I'm going to talk about now is a very quick overview of the Dow. It'll be a little bit like kind of breakneck pace, but if you want to find out more, there will be a link at the end of this to a paper that we call Phase Zero, a plan for bootstrapping the BISC Dow. And if you want to dig into that, that's a great read and you can find out all about it and then you can come talk to us about it and hopefully contribute and participate. In any case, how this Dow works is we introduce a new token that we call BSQ, which is kind of like our name, BISQ is BISC's name. But BSQ is a token that's designed to facilitate a transfer of value from traders, i.e. users of the platform, people who find BISC valuable. BSQ is designed to transfer value from traders who use BISC to the contributors who are maintaining it. And the way that BISC works, that BSQ works, is that the 25 Bitcoin that supporters have donated to the project since its inception four years ago, we distribute those 25 Bitcoin to all of the past contributors by cutting up the Bitcoin into tiny pieces, a thousand Satoshi's large. It's a very small amount of Bitcoin. And the way the math works out there is we turn 25 Bitcoin into 2.5 million BSQ. We then distribute those 2.5 million BSQ to all of the past contributors, like I say, whoever helped BISC come into existence and be the project that it is today. This process is called, this idea of BSQ, a colored coin, and some may have heard of this. That's very different than the tokens and kind of ICO stuff that we see today so commonly. A colored coin on top of Bitcoin actually is Bitcoin, but with additional validation rules, additional things being possible with that coin. So again, I won't go into a lot of detail, but it's very important to say that this is not an ICO. There is no crowd sale, there is no pre-mine, there is no crowdfunding, none of that stuff. We simply don't need it. So again, it's a token designed to facilitate a transfer of value between the traders who use BISC and the contributors who maintain it. And I'll just very quickly click through this again. I want to be able to take questions. Let's see. The main problem is that the flow of funds goes only to arbitrators like I talked about and there's no way to compensate contributors in a decentralized way right now. So that's where BSQ comes in and we have five functions or utilities of this token. And the first one is trading, right? People can trade BSQ, like if you're, you know, you can trade it for dollars or euros or what, or Bitcoin, right? That's where you can trade it. The second function is spending it. People spend BSQ on trading fees, right? So as I explained before, you pay in Bitcoin today for trading fees. As we enable this functionality, you'll be able to pay for those same trading fees at a discounted rate with BSQ, which gives traders an incentive to hold onto it or to buy it in the first place. The third function is earning, right? So contributors submit what we call compensation requests for a given amount of BSQ to compensate them for whatever they did that month. And the fourth function is voting. So people who already have BSQ use that BSQ as a kind of voting chip. That's the fourth function of the token. And they use that voting to green light or to reject compensation requests. So stakeholders decide who gets new BSQ. And the fifth function is bonding. So for roles in the DAO that are inherently high trust, right? Something like an arbitrator. That's a very high trust role. A bad actor arbitrator could wreak terrible havoc on a bisque in its network. So the fifth function of BSQ is that high trust roles can bond in BSQ, can put up a very large amount of BSQ, and that BSQ can be confiscated if that arbitrator, say, or other kind of bonded contributor trusted role if they act badly. Okay, so again, a whole lot here that I'm moving very quickly through, but you can find it all in the paper. And I'll skip the bit on issuance and destruction even though it's my favorite slide in this whole thing. No time to talk about it. Okay, so let me leave it at that. You can find, again, all of this is in the paper. This is adapted directly from the paper that I mentioned. And let me just go to this last slide where you can find out more. So we're bisque underscore network on Twitter. I'm CBeams on Twitter. And of course you can download it. If you want to join us in Slack, come hang out. Talk to us about anything you like. There's a link for that. The phase zero paper is that link. So just bisque.network slash phase-zero. And of course we're on GitHub at bisque-network. So that's, I think we have five maybe ten minutes? Five minutes, okay. Yeah, so who's the first? What can users define their own settlement times? Like for CPAP, for example, you have about eight business days of reversal risk. And I saw on your example, like five days of settlement time, which is not enough to extrude the reversal risk. Yeah, so I think the question is about how long is the kind of window for settling a trade? No, but I can actually set in my offer as a seller. Can you set it? Yes. No, yeah. So if you caught it in the slide that I was showing, for SAPA trades there's a number of days that you have to settle the trade. That's fixed. So the seller can't specify that, but it's fixed at five days or whatever it is. Simply because that's what we found works over time. Well, the internal CPAP regulations say it's eight days, business days. Yeah, we're not following that. It's a pragmatic approach where we're saying if we set it at this many days, we never have problems. If we started having problems, then we'd extend it. So, yeah. Thank you. I have a couple of questions. So I didn't really understand if you do crypto to crypto as well. We do, yeah. So I focused on talking about crypto fiat or Bitcoin to US dollars, Bitcoin to Euro, that kind of trading, because that's really the core of Bitcoin. Really, the core of the mission is to give people, there has to be one good on-ramp into Bitcoin from the fiat world. And that really doesn't exist today. The only thing you can do is go to a Satoshi Square or have a friend or a family member who already has Bitcoin. If you do that, if you do something like in-person like that, then you can have a reasonably good sort of privacy and security profile in that initial trade to get into Bitcoin. But there has been no good way to do that online. And so that's really why Bisk exists. But once we had done that, then it was pretty easy to add in crypto to crypto trading as well. Because if you think about it, like I said, settlement, the payment happens out of band, right? So you're going to your bank website and so on. Well, that's for a Bitcoin to Euro trade. Well, if you want to do a Bitcoin to Monero trade, Monero is really just a different payment method, right? So you're going to settle the Monero side out of band from Bisk as well. So that's kind of a good way to think about it. But the constraint there is that one side of every trade is Bitcoin. So I had someone ask me today about doing an Ether to Dogecoin trade on Bisk, and that's not supported. It would be a two-step process to go from Doge to Bitcoin, Bitcoin to Ether or something like that. OK, so if I wanted to sell some ERC20 token, I cannot just go and list it there unless I accept Fiat. No, well, so there's two things. So if you wanted to sell an ERC20 token, the question is, is that already a listed token on Bisk? Who lists the tokens? Anybody who issues a pull request. OK. So you have to issue a correct pull request and we'll always merge it so anybody can add a token and people do that all the time. So that's it, yeah. OK, as a seller, is there a way for me to automate confirmations through some kind of API from my bank if I'm selling like larger volumes? So I don't have to go and confirm manually in Bisk that, yes, I received the money to my account. Is there some way? So Bisk does have an API that can automate a lot of things, but we don't have a setting. You've got to take the mic away from her, man. But we don't have sort of like bindings into all of the different banks and stuff like that. Again, mostly they don't have APIs to do it, but even if they do, we don't have that support. That could be something that somebody contributes for banks that do support automated access, but we don't have it yet. Anybody else? Yeah. Hey, great talk. Question. In your paper, you use the term bonding. Is it some kind of stake mechanism? The term, sorry? Bonding. Bonding, yeah. Is it some kind of stake or is it something else? Yeah, so the question is, when I use the word bonding with BSQ for these high trust roles under the Bisk Dow, do I mean like stake or staking or having something at stake? That's another term in the industry that people use, staking. Yes, I mean the same thing.  That's a common term of art. And the second thing is it's a reserved word for us because we have stakeholders. People who hold BSQ are our stakeholders, so we didn't want to confuse stakeholders with staking. Yeah, same thing though. Okay, thank you very much. Cool. I'll be around at the Bitcoin table, so happy to answer questions. I will ask you when you can explain. Okay, okay. Chris Beam, I'm so sorry. Chris Beam beams even. Plural. I'm so sorry to know more questions out of time. The next talk starts in five minutes, but where can all these wonderful people find you and torture you with even more questions? Yeah, so Bisk.network is a website, Bisk underscore network on Twitter, and I'll be at the Bitcoin table pretty much all conference. Okay guys, you know. Cheers, thanks.


Good morning to one and all, myself Dr. Sanjay Sarsamkar, working as an assistant professor in the Department of Humanities and Sciences, Walshian Institute of Technology, Sulapur. With our today's session, we are going to learn about water, its quality parameters. Starting outcome of today's session, at the end of this session, students will be able to define and describe various types of water quality parameters, content, introduction and parameters. Parameters like pH, alkalinity, acidity, total solids, chlorides, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD and hardness of water, we are going to learn about these parameters. Introduction. The chemical characteristics of natural water are because of the soil and rocks with which the water is flowing. Water from agricultural operations, municipals and industrial treated wastewater has impact on quality of the water. So quality of water is determined by its physical, chemical and microbiological properties. Microbial and chemical transformations also affect the chemical characteristics of water. Thus, with the study of such parameters, we can decide the quality of water. First parameter that is pH. pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. This is the equation to represent this pH. pH is equal to negative log to the base strain of H plus ion concentration. Depending upon the nature of the dissolved salts and the minerals, water found in nature may be acidic or basic. pH value denotes the concentration of hydrogen ions in the water and is the measure of acidity and alkalinity of the water. For public water supply, pH value should be as close to 7. Second water quality parameter that is alkalinity. Alkalinity is a quantitative measurement of the ability of an aqueous solution to neutralize acid. The alkalinity of water is attributed to the presence of hydroxide ions, carbonates and bicarbonate compounds. This can be estimated separately by titration against standard acid solution using phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators. Third parameter is acidity. Acidity is quantitative measurement of the ability of an aqueous solution to neutralize base. The carbonic acids and mineral acids are imparting acidity to the water. So total acidity of the water is determined by titrating the water sample against sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Fourth water quality parameter, total solids. Total solid means the combination of dissolved solids and suspended solids. Solids present in water may be suspended form in colloidal form and or in dissolved form. Dissolved solids can be measured by filtration method. Colloidal solids can be measured by coagulation and sedimentation method. And dissolved solids can be measured by either boiling or by chemical treatment method. Next water quality parameter that is chlorides. Total amount of chloride salts present in given sample of water is known as chloride content of that sample. A sample of water containing chlorides gives instant precipitate of silver chloride when it is treated with silver nitrate solution. This process continues as long as chloride ions are present in water. The completion of chloride precipitation can be checked by adding few drops of otashem chromate as an indicator. Sixth dissolved oxygen, it is the amount of oxygen present in water in dissolved condition. The saturated value of dissolved oxygen in water is modest in the order of 8 to 15 ppm or in milligrams per litre depending on temperature and salinity of that particular water. So what are the causes of low levels of dissolved oxygen? Most important cause when water is not in direct contact with atmospheric oxygen. At the same time when organic impurities are present in water the dissolved oxygen level gets reduced as well as when oxidizable impurities are present in water also it reduces the dissolved oxygen level. Next water quality parameter that is BOD also known as biochemical oxygen demand. The amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in sample of water and used as a measure of degree of water pollution is called as biological oxygen demand. Well in case of this aerobic, aerobic means microorganisms that needs oxygen for their oxidation process for carrying out oxidation of food material that is organic matters. Such organisms are known as aerobic microorganisms. Determination of BOD, the test is based upon determination of dissolved oxygen prior to and following the 5 day period at 20 degree Celsius. The dissolved oxygen content of water sample is predetermined. The water sample is taken in closed bottle and incubated at 20 degree Celsius for 5 days. After this the unconsumed oxygen is determined. The difference between initial oxygen content and final oxygen content of water after 5 days gives BOD. At this juncture pause this video and answer this question. Question is colloidal solids can be measured by dash dash method. Option A, coagulation, option B sedimentation, option C both of these and option D none of these. Well the answer for this question is C both of these. Next eighth one COD that is chemical oxygen demand. It is a measure of oxidizable impurities present in water. COD is a measure of both biologically oxidizable and biologically inert organic matters. It is an index of a total organic content of water. COD is readily measurable parameter for streams and industrial waste water. COD is more scientific than BOD. Generally COD values are higher than BOD. The main advantage of COD is that it takes 2 to 3 hours to complete. Determination of COD. A known volume of water sample is refluxed with known excess of potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid in presence of a little silver sulphate catalyst for one and half hour. The unreacted potassium dichromate is then titrated against more salt solution. The oxygen equivalent of a potassium dichromate is taken as a measure of COD. Next hardness of water. Water which does not produce lather with soap solution readily but forms a white curried precipitate is called as a hard water. Hard water when treated with soap that is sodium or potassium salt of higher fatty acids like oleic acid, palmitic acid, steric acid, etc. does not produce lather but on the other hand forms a white precipitate. This precipitate is formed due to the formation of insoluble soaps with calcium and magnesium. So this is the reaction. Calcium stirrate combines with hardness producing substance from water for example calcium chloride that forms a calcium stirrate which is insoluble and it is having no such ability to produce any type of foam in water. Thus the water which does not produce lather with soap solution readily but forms a white curried precipitate is called as hard water. On the other hand water which lather easily on shaking with soap solution is called as a soft water. Types of hardness. Basically there are two types of hardness in water a temporary and the second one is permanent hardness of water. Temporary or carbonate hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of calcium, magnesium and other heavy metals and the carbonates of iron. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of chloride, sulphates of calcium, magnesium etc and other heavy metals also. Unlike temporary hardness permanent hardness is not destroyed by boiling. Well for this session I have used a textbook of engineering chemistry by Jane and Jane as a reference. Thank you.


With regards to lighting in a home, there are various things that we as interior designers like to do just as quick hacks to try and brighten up a space. Obviously the paint color of the home has a big effect on the the lightness of the home and because the topic for today speaks to really capturing a space a darkened space can really add to the feel of plata in a space and heaviness in a space and so lighting up the home by way of paint color by way of choosing various things that we as interior designers like to do just as quick hacks to try and brighten up the home.


So, our first case is a 20-year-old female. The history provided is billory obstruction suspected, and for that, the ordering providers ordered an MRI of the abdomen without intravenous contrast, and I wanted to showcase this case to simply go through some normal gallbladder anatomy. And over the course of this master course, I'm going to show you about 30 odd cases, and I have to tell you, the one that was the most difficult to find cases for was the normal gallbladder, because there are so many little variants within the gallbladder, and it's challenging to get a gallbladder that looks distended enough, but not too distended in order to showcase the normal anatomy. But this is a pretty good representation of the normal gallbladder. The sequence over here is a T2-weighted axial image. Over here, we have T2-weighted coronal image. Both of them are non-fat saturated. And as you scroll downwards, you can see the liver over here, and as we scroll just inferiorly, tucked away here is the gallbladder. Sort of an oval, or some people describe it as a pear-shaped structure. It's located along the undersurface of the liver. That sort of anatomic relationship is perhaps better appreciated on the coronal images, where you can see the gallbladder over here. Again, oval shapes, pear-shaped, it's also been described. And I'm not one to remember sizes of organs. I think it can get kind of confusing, but if you're somebody who likes to remember sizes, in general, gallbladder length can measure up to seven centimeters. Gallbladder transfers dimension up to four centimeters. And in my experience, that transfers dimension becomes more important. Once it gets more than four centimeters, we start to think about gallbladder distension. Now, the gallbladder itself can be split into different portions. As we can see over here on this 3D coronal MRCP image, this is mipped, so you have a very thick slab showcasing the gallbladder all at once. We can see over here, this is the funness of the gallbladder. That's followed by the body of the gallbladder. As it starts to taper, this is known as the infundibular portion of the gallbladder. That leads into the neck of the gallbladder right over here. And finally, you have the cystic duct that extends outwards from the neck of the gallbladder, which then meets the common hepatic duct. I'm going to zoom in on the cystic duct for a second. You can see as you look at the cystic duct, if you were to take your finger and just run across it, it has this undulating appearance going up and down, up and down. It looks quite different from any of the other surfaces of the gallbladder and any of the bile ducts. And that appearance is caused by what is known as the spiral valves of heister. These are concentric mucosal bands located along the endoluminal surface of the cystic duct, so that appearance is quite normal. And you'll see that from time to time within the gallbladder. You can see on the T2-weighted imaging, generally the gallbladder is T2-hyper intense, pretty homogeneous in its appearance. On the T1-weighted images that I'm showing you here is the T1-weighted image with fat saturation, the gallbladder will be generally hypo intense. But there is variability within this. Certainly if patients are fasting, have an even for a few hours, some of the water on the gallbladder is reabsorbed, the bile gets concentrated. And as a result, on the T1-weighted sequences, you may see more hyper intense signal or it may be more iso intense signal. On the T2-weighted images, you'll see more relative hypo intense signal. And sometimes you'll have a layering of that hyper intense signal layer sort of on the depended portions. And we'll see examples of that on the next few images. And it's important to remember that when you have that sort of concentrated appearance of the bile, it is challenging to differentiate that from sludge. So oftentimes I'll say concentrated bile sludge is seen in the gallbladder. If I need to make reference to it. So there you have it. This is the normal appearance of the gallbladder with all its different parts. The normal appearance of the cystic duct in this patient who is presenting a biliary obstruction.


How to Do a Google Search This video will show you how to use search terms to search on Google. When you open your browser, type www.google.com, then you're taken to the main page. You type your search terms into the box in the middle of the page. Let's imagine I wanted to research forests. I would type forest into the box as my search term, and then I would hit enter. When I look at the search results, I have a lot of results on different American forests. This search didn't turn up what I wanted. I want to know about forests in Washington State. So now I'll hit comma and type in Washington State. Then hit enter. Now I have images of forests in Washington State, a list of forests, and more information about forests in Washington State. If I want to narrow down my results some more, then I would add another search term like rainforest. When I search for rainforest in Washington State, I'm given information about that particular type of forest in this state. So the more search terms you use, the more specific and accurate your results should be.


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebreaks.com here doing 2020 top Sterling Baseball 2 box break random hit number 2 which we just actually gave a spot away in. So we're going to open up the boxes, take a look at the hits, randomize the names for the 4 people in the break and the 4 hits. So you can see on here we have boxes 1. Those are paired together and boxes 4 from the previous case that are all going to be paired together. So what we're going to do is we're going to roll a dice here, I prefer this one. And 1, 2, 3 is going to be boxes 1 on the left, 4, 5, 6 is going to be boxes 4 on the right. Good luck. And it's a 3. So we're going boxes 1 on the left. These box 4s will be for random hit number 4 break that is going to happen later on tonight slash this morning. Good night. See you guys. Yeah, you too. So we're going to pull out all 4. Rex, we're just waiting for you to attach your PayPal account for me to be able to do that. So whenever you do that, Rex, everybody can get partial refunds. Whenever Rex attaches his personal PayPal account, because Rex is the guy who came up with the idea. I agree. I thought it would be nice if Rex did that for everybody. Rex. What up, Louis? How are you? Just in time. We're doing Sterling 2020. Okay, guys. We have 4, 1990s MLB All-Stars, 2010s MLB All-Stars, stat leaders, and Hall of Famers. So let's go stat leaders, Hall of Famers, 1990s All-Stars, and then 2010 All-Stars. Good luck, everyone. The last one we did, Louis, was really cool. So this is a stat leader. Not really too much information. Any guesses, guys? I think we're going this way. Lotto for Will, and guessing is closed. Reese Hoskins, 110 walks stat leader for 2019, numbered 4 of 25 for the Phillies. I really like Reese Hoskins. I think he'll be good. Paul, you don't know who Reese Hoskins is? He gets on base. Yeah, I do too, Will. I really like him. Like, no joke. I really like what Reese Hoskins is. One card, so each master box has two cards in it. Yeah, I mean, walks aren't sexy, but it helps that OVP, right? No, Phillies. James, that's not nice. No? Does it want to open? There we go. Oh, yes. Oh, I made one earlier today too, James, and I don't know if you heard it. It was pretty good. Joe called Grant Slam, and I was like, in Dodger Stadium, how is Kendrick not at the plate? What are you talking about? And this one was Hall of Famer, wow, that is an awesome-looking card. Mariano Rivera, 1 out of 10, Triple Relic, look how cool that looks. That card, I mean, the blue with the auto, I think that's the best one I've seen so far. We've got another dual, two boxes of this coming up later on tonight, guys. Look how cool that blue is. It's definitely a Hall of Famer, only unanimous Hall of Famer. Next up, 1990s MLB All-Stars, get your guesses in. Mike, I don't know. I don't think it says guarantees on there. So we've got Cal, Greg Maddox, Griffey, Bonds, another Griffey, another Bonds, Tim Salmon, Louie coming with the Angels, Brady Anderson, Edgar, 1990s All-Stars, Wade Boggs. And that's numbered 4 out of 10, classic Wade Boggs. Very nice, low numbered there, Triple Relic, two jerseys and a bat. You know, for anybody that knows Teddy, Teddy openly considers Wade Boggs his dad. Teddy, if you're in the chat, Boston Red Sox, Louie. But it's not a Teddy, Louie, this isn't a team, this is a random hit break. So we're going to actually randomize all four hits at the end with the four customers names. Guaranteed hits. And last but not least, 2010s MLB All-Stars. Ryan, one of these mini boxes? The big boxes we obviously can't. So we've got a trout. What else? Oh, yeah. Sure. Ryan, it's safer if it gets shipped in the top loader with the blue tape in it so it doesn't rattle around. Because even just me opening these, you can hear it rolling around in there. So trout, we've got a Granky, we've got Altuve, Fedders, BD, just really low ball in these ones. Chiro, the Grom, that's going to be a one-of-one Jose Ramirez patch. Very cool looking for the Cleveland Indians, the Zee in Ramirez. Awesome looking patch though. Oh, Christian, you don't like that? It's an awesome patch. Yeah, and possibly Mike. So this would be one of the one-of-ones. Okay guys, we're going to pause the stream. I'm going to type in the hits and we're going to randomize the names and match up the hits with the names. So we'll be back. Hi everybody, we're back. So we've got the list of names here from Josh down to Ryan Herald, Bradley with the last spot mojo, Ryan Herald with the win for this spot in select blaster number 13. And then here's the list of hits from Reese Hoskins down to the Jose Ramirez one-of-one. We're going to get a new dice roll to see how many times we're going to randomize this. Three-to-one, four times. First on the list of names, fourth and final time from Ryan with his spot he won down to Brad with his last spot mojo. Add that to the list and four times on the randomizer for the hits. Good luck everyone, one, two, three, and fourth and final time Jose Ramirez down to Wade Boggs. Let's see how it paired up guys. Ryan Herald with his spot he won with the Jose Ramirez one-of-one, congrats Ryan. Josh Proust with the Reese Hoskins four out of 25, Alan Agee with the Mariano Rivera one-of-ten, congrats Alan. And Bradley with the last spot mojo and the Wade Boggs four out of ten guys, congrats. Some very nice hits there. Reese Hoskins four out of 25, Mariano Rivera one out of ten, triple relic, Wade Boggs four out of ten with the triple relic and the one-of-one Jose Ramirez patch. Thank you very much. That was Top Sterling Baseball, two box break, number two random hits. JaspysCaseBreaks.com, check us out and we'll see you next time.


After you've heard a dramatic portrayal of India's famine on the Pacific story, keep tuned to 660 for NBC's Midnight News Summary. Brought to you each evening at 12 over WEAF, NBC in New York. The national broadcasting company at its affiliated stations present the Pacific story. This is the story of the Pacific. The drama of the millions of people who live around this greatest sea where the United States is now committed to a long-term policy of keeping the peace. This is the background story of the events in the Pacific and their meaning to us and to the generations to come. Famine in India. Not a breath of wind and the earth is fevered. Perhaps tonight the wind will come and bring the clouds. No, it is too late. If the monsoons come tonight or tomorrow... See, it is dead in the ground. The sky is clear and blue. They must come. It is time to suffer and die. The first warning came in September 1945. Millions of Indians stood on their seared soil, shaded their eyes from the sun and looked to the southwest. The monsoons were late. The monsoons that blow in off the sea and bring water-filled clouds. This meant the rains would fail, the crops would fail, and the people would suffer and die. Today a population almost equal to that of the United States faces famine in India. Famine is an old story in India. A very old story. It's been going on for thousands of years. This is an historian. In the famine of 1770, for example, a third of the population of the province of Bengal died. And how many was that? Oh, roughly ten million persons. Ten million deaths in one famine? Yes. There is a widespread famine in India about every twelve years or so. And then several times a century there are even more serious ones. In the famine of 1876, for example, five million persons died. Around the turn of the century about one million more died. Dying from hunger is an old story in India. Monsoon failures mean death. Yet, year in and year out, enough rain falls in India to secure a good harvest. Ah, we will have more than enough rain this year. And it is coming just at the right time. Look at it come down. The thirsty soil drinks up the water. And under the tropical sun, the seeds swell with life and burst out of the ground. But at the same time, farmers in other sections of India look up from their parched land into the blue sky. Not a breath of air, stars. Rain is falling in the other provinces. They will have crops. But now the price will be high. Yes. And with no work, how can we buy? This is another reason, Indian star. But there are a hundred reasons. India is always near the danger line of hunger. Most Indians live their entire lives in dangerous poverty. I have never had enough to eat. Never. Between 80 and 100 million Indians have never had a satisfying meal. They live out their lives hungry. And because they live so close to the edge of hunger, any one thing can push them below the danger line. Floods, monsoon failures, epidemics, war. But there are still deeper causes for India's hunger. And these are as deep as the soul of India. India is a poor land. Its people are poor. They are farmers. They depend on their crops. We have hardly enough to live on day by day. They live from hand to mouth. The monsoon has failed. We will starve. India, to begin with, is poor. Its people are tied to the soil. When, for any reason, the crops fail, the people starve. India has a population of nearly 400 million. That's three times the population of the United States. Under present conditions, the land can support only about one half the people of India on any satisfactory basis. There are more than 400 Indians for every square mile of land under cultivation. And at the present rate of increase in population, day by day, there are more and more mouths to feed. Yes. Here, look at this report. Figures? Some. Well, tell our radio audience. The population of India is increasing at the rate of five million a year. Five million? Let me see that report. Yes, right there. In the last ten years, India's population has increased 50 million. That's more than... More than the population of England itself. Yes. We estimate that by 1960, India's population will have increased at the rate of 12 million a year. 400 million people. The land yielding under best conditions, only enough to feed about half that number. And the population increasing by millions each year. This is the mass situation. Along with this, there is the matter of the individual. Look at the green fields. This year we will have plenty. You ought to put some away for the bad times. The bad times? When you don't get the rain you got this year. We will get along. Wouldn't it be better if you planned for the years ahead? How can we?  The banyas take everything we can lay by. And at last, they take our land. The banyas? Yes. When we do not have enough money to pay the government the revenue on the land, we must borrow from the banyas. I see. We eat when we can. When there is no food, we must go and find some. The Indian has learned to expect nothing. For years, he has been unable to lay by enough to feed him through the bad years and pay revenue to the government. He borrows money at an exorbitant interest. The banyas, for security, take a mortgage on his land. The interest rate compounds until the farmer is paying, in some cases, 100% interest. What can we do? Perhaps if you were a little more thrifty... It is hopeless. The moneylenders grow fat. The farmers grow poorer. And when the famine comes, those who do not die outright from starvation die of disease. Even under best conditions, more than 100 million Indians suffer from malnutrition. This is a doctor. These millions are so undernourished all their lives that they are unable to make much of an effort to survive. When famine comes, disease comes. Cholera, dysentery, malaria, influenza, pneumonia. And death comes as a blessing. The doctor bends over a stricken patient. Mm-hmm. This man has malaria. Can you do anything for him, doctor? He has nothing to fight with. He has refreshed all his life. But couldn't you? Beyond medicine or anything else. So famine comes and finds the masses with nothing. Finds them hungry. Finds them resigned to suffering. Finds them hopeless. The oppression of the ages is upon them.  We must have more industries. This is one Indian view. If you have more industries, that means that some of the people now working on farms will have to work in factories. Too many are now working on farms. Yes, more than 80%. If fewer could produce enough for all the people, then the others could do other work. If it can be done. Russia did it. But Russia is a different country. To begin with, India does not have the key resources. She lacks coal and oil and other basic raw materials. Also, after the revolution, the people of Russia had a higher standard of living than the people of India. So the Russians were able to cut down on the consumption of the people and throw all the resources saved in this way into building up their industry. In India, it's not possible to cut down on the consumption of the people. They are always on the borderline of hunger. And second, it takes a strong and vigorous government to do what Russia did. After India's years of hunger and disease, there is a great question if she could do it. So, day by day, with the increasing population, more and more Indians are dependent upon the land. Year by year, measures are taken to reduce the danger of famine or to reduce its terror when it strikes. Railroads will help meet the crisis in time of famine, taking food to stricken areas. But we have only 25,000 miles of railroads. We need more. The canals help us. The water they bring helps us get a grip and helps us grow our crops. When the drought is too great, then they cannot help us if we only have more reservoirs. We are going away. We do not know where we are going. But where they are taking us, there will not be so many people. And they say the soil is good and there is water for the crops. Measures to help, but the specter of famine remains. The specter rose out of Burma in 1942. Coming by Japanese planes, strong forces of Japanese troops are now smashing into Burma. These ground forces driving into Burma are swarming over the rice country which supplies 1,500,000 tons of rice each year to India. Desperate efforts are being made. They may have fallen. Allied troops have been driven out. The great resources of rice have been captured by the Japanese. Cut off from the million and a half tons of Burmese rice, India now faces a grave shortage of food. Fear is rising. We must not let the disaster in Burma throw us into a panic. Strong forces have been sent to the frontier of Burma, the province of Bengal, any other province in all of India. We have come to you to... From Madras to Calcutta and throughout the province of Bengal, the Japanese had struck the first blows against India from the sea. Perhaps they would not strike from Burma into India at all, but would make amphibious landings. The threat of invasion grew. Set those boats over there on fire too. But if you burn up all the boats... They're a great danger to them, good. If the Japanese should get possession of them... But how will those who work on the land get to their work? If all the boats are burnt, it is their only way. That whole bunch over there too set fire to all of them. The Japanese are not here yet. We've got to stop them from landing, if we can. But how are we going to move the rice hill and with no boats? We've moved all the rice in and that we can move. Hurry over there, there is no time to lose. We won't leave one boat for the Japanese. The Indians stood by and looked with hollow eyes. The boats were burned to the water line. Only smoking, smoldering hulks remained. How can we work on our land now with no boats to take us there? We cannot. We cannot. We cannot. Land that had yielded food was thrown out of cultivation. Much of the rice had been moved inland. But more articulate Indians asked questions. Why is Bengal food stuff being exported? For years, Bengal rice and other food stuffs had been exported. Famine was looming. Still no order was issued by the central government to stop the export. Every pound of rice exported is a pound taken out of the mouths of the people. Why is it not stopped? The exports went on. The reserves dwindled. By mid-summer, hunger was haunting the land. Those who could still work their farms stood on their parched soil, shaded their eyes and looked into the sky. It is dark. We will get rain. Those no longer on the land started the trek to the cities to find food. Look at the sky. Yes. Storms are coming. Oh, the wind, the tassi. It is a tornado. We must find shelter. We must. Lie down or it will blow us away. To get out of this thing. No, no. We cannot.  The cloud burst. Come. We must get out. South and southwest of Count Cutter. It is estimated at least 15,000 persons and 200,000 cattle were drowned. And a million and one-half tons of rice were destroyed. Pamine is already... Bengal lake river egg. Disaster had come. Grades and droughts and floods had come. The people were tied to the land and the land was devastated. In the 30 years past, the population of Bengal had increased 50%. And the area of land under cultivation had increased less than 1%. And now much of this land lay devastated. And now bickering among the native politicians came. And corruption came. And famine came. The government of India moved into the crisis. The rice crop of Bengal has been cut from 9 million to 7 million tons of rice by the cyclone and tidal wave. That's a cut of nearly 25%. Yes. And we have not only to feed the people and the thousands of refugees from Burma, but also the military forces now here, as well as those overseas. I ask again, why is rice still being exported when it is so badly needed here? We have commitment. But the people... The government of India will set up a department of food. It will be the responsibility of this department to take all possible measures for the best management of the food situation. The first food conference was held in December 1943. Yes. Actually, India has more grain this year than last year, or the year before. More than 53 million tons. I say we should share the food. But that would be to admit that there is a surplus. We have a surplus. Let us use it. Under the circumstances that would be unwise. I say that we should establish price control and that the food that we have should be rationed. No, no, no. Rationing would never work. No, neither would price control. No, no, no. Price control would fail. I recommend the removal of price control from wheat. So the price control on wheat was removed and neither price control nor rationing went into effect.  How can we live? How can we eat? The price of wheat has gone up two and one-half times. Must we die when there is grain? A second food conference was called in February 1943. I tell you that starvation is coming. And with it, disease that may also take us, who stand here in this room. Stocks broke down. Food hoarding began. The small farmer would not bring his surplus rice to market. He knew what it meant to starve. And the merchant would not sell the supplies he had. He wanted to wait for higher prices. Rice has gone up from two cents a pound to sixteen cents a pound. Help us, please, please. The government of India announced a plan. All provinces with the surplus will send food to the provinces he need. All provinces agreed to the plan. But when it came to helping starving Bengal, some of the provinces with surpluses delivered nothing. By May 1943, the pinch was beginning to tell. The government of India made another decision. Effective immediately, there will be free trade in a Bengal and the other eastern province. This helped, but not enough. Why is Bengal still exporting food stuffs? We are starving. Starving time had come.  Food, food, please, food.  When they could walk no more, they sat down on the sidewalks. Food, food, please, food. Good heavens, can't anything be done for these people? There is no food. There must be food in places like Furpoors and the American Kitchen and the Gold Dragon. There is. But you think they'd get together and mob the restaurants? No. Don't they even try to break into the warehouses? No. Look at them huddled together there on the sidewalk. All they can do is moan. Several of those are probably dead. Good heavens. That woman, see, she is keeping watch over her husband. He is probably dead. Well, what do they do? They just can't. Oh, here comes the truck. The trucks do not come around often enough to keep the streets clear about the dead. Come. It cannot be. It is as old as India. Look, a dog. He is after the one in that group that has died. Just a head there. A dog after the body of a human? Starving time is feasting time for the dogs of Calcutta.  When they could talk no more, they patted their bellies and begged for food with their eyes. Cattle wanted the streets and carefully stepped over the prostrate bodies. But no man ate the cattle. Death came to Calcutta. July 1943. An announcement was made in New Delhi. In view of the gravity of the rice position in India, the central government finds it impossible to undertake until further notice further exports of rice from India. A third food conference was held. I'll tell you what's at the bottom of this crisis. Free trade. We should never have gone on free trade. I say it should be abolished at once. So free trade in Bengal and in other eastern provinces was abolished, but the situation grew worse. Those with enough food walked by the dying without so much as a glance. This will carry us over this food. If more trainloads of food were brought in, what more rice will not come in? Will not. The provinces that sent this food have become suspicious of how it is being used here in Bengal. On Charingi Road there was food and at Furpo's and at the American kitchen and at the Golden Dragon. But at the famine and relief station, the lines grew longer and the gutters were cluttered with dead. A fourth food conference was held. Those who can raise this food must be induced to bring it to market and we must establish price control over food grains. Our only hope is control of the price of food stuff. A million and a half Indians had died. War had come and droughts had come and a tornado and a cloud burst and a tidal wave had come. Famine came with these but disaster came with the breakdown of responsibility and with the inflation that followed. Famine is an old story in India. So the historians say. It's been going on for thousands of years. It's three years since that last famine in Bengal. Today famine is again facing the people of Bengal. Since 1943 the government has worked out some significant measures. Yes. Yes, first a basic food plan for the entire country. Second, government procurement. Third, price control and fourth rationing. So rationing and price control had to be established after all. Yes, thanks to these measures India has struggled through half the import she should have had the last two years. But now the barrel has been scraped dry. The barrel has been scraped dry. And the other things, the things that have happened a hundred times over have happened again. Drought has scourged the land. Perhaps tonight the wind will come and bring the clouds. The seat is dead in the ground and the sky is clear. The crops have died in most parts of India. Tornado! Tornado! Run for shelter and lie down! In the wake of the cyclone a tidal wave today hit Madras. The massive wave brought up out of the sea and swept over the area already suffering from the cyclone. The death toll has died. A famine even greater than the famine of 1943 now faces India. In the province of Madras the shortage will be about 25% by May 1st. The shortage in Bengal in 1943 will be about 25%. The government of India has appealed to Britain for one million tons of rice and half a million tons of wheat. The British food mission has placed India's case before the combined food board in Washington. But India may not get the food, she asks. Some Indians see a relationship between the recent visit of the Crips mission to India and the impending famine. It is nothing but a smokescreen to perpetuate British domination of India without regard to the disaster that facing us. But to the penniless Indian there is only one meaning to what has happened. It is time to suffer and die. I've been listening to the Pacific story presented by the National Broadcasting Company and its affiliated independent stations to clarify events in the Pacific and to make understandable the cross currents of life in the Pacific basin. For a reprint of this Pacific story program send 10 cents in stamps or coin to University of California Press Berkeley, California. May I repeat? For a reprint of this Pacific story program send 10 cents in stamps or coin to University of California Press Berkeley, California. The Pacific story is written and directed by Arnold Marquess. The original musical score was composed and conducted by Thomas Paluso. Your narrator, Gain Whitman. Programs in this series of particular interest to servicemen and women are broadcast overseas through the worldwide facilities of the Armed Forces Radio...


Alrighty, let's do it. Okay, so I have our five-year prediction. I don't know why I said R. It's just me I have my five-year prediction for you guys. It's been a while since I've done one of these It's been a while since I've made a video actually. Let's be fully honest. I'm recovering from COVID I'm trying really hard not to cough right now. All my symptoms are gone, but my throat is dry So if I cough, I'll cut the audio and then I'll try and start over But nonetheless Wonderland is up for some serious investments And I know what I'm talking about. With this channel and its rapid growth and all the people I've met in the industry I've had some really great opportunities to have some amazing conversations with some amazing people in different parts of the field and different parts of the park and to be honest I have a pretty clear understanding of the direction that Canada's Wonderland's heading and the kind of investments that they're looking to make With that being said Everything in this video is the opinions of myself and not Canada's Wonderland and Canada's Wonderland will make an announcement when they make an announcement On future attractions. So none of the stuff I discussed in this video Is for sure and it is to be taken with a grain of salt from amusement insiders With that being said Wonderland is definitely heading in the right direction in terms of investments And what could that mean? Well, we had a great conversation way back in the day when Yukon Opened up on Media Day and we were told that along with a new restaurant at Canada's Wonderland that a dark ride to replace action theater Would be coming in the same year Well, the restaurant is queued to open about the second or third week of August from what we are being told And there is no sign of a dark ride. So what could that possibly mean? Was the dark ride scratched? I have a couple of theories. So For those of you that don't know right next to the CN Tower, they are Building a flying theater that is going to be called flying over Canada From my understanding that is something similar to what Canada's Wonderland was looking to add at Canada's Wonderland Now with that being said does that mean that we will no longer be adding a flying theater? No, it probably just means that Wonderland was gonna build something very similar flying over Canada in Frontier Canada in the action Theater building and now it doesn't make sense to do that Because the one by the CN Tower will obviously be a tourist attraction. So why should Canada's Wonderland have the exact same thing? Now with that being said There's the specific model that mock rides has designed that would be perfect at Canada's Wonderland And maybe they're just waiting for the final kinks of this to be sorted out It's a dual loading flying theater with very low maintenance costs made by mock rides I could see something like this working at Canada's Wonderland And maybe they're just waiting on that to be sorted out some of these new Prototype rides just need some of their kinks worked out And that could be one of the reasons or they're gonna go down a different route because of the flying theater coming to the CN Tower area That's gonna be flying over Canada With that in mind mass effect for or whatever it is 3d at CGA is gonna be leaving that park as well So maybe that is part of the factor into why can is Wonderland's waiting to add into that theater? And it's taking longer than expected. We could be receiving mass effect From CGA as it is fairly new ish And it could do well It would just be kind of reinstating action theater at that point, but I don't think they would keep that same theme So that's what's unique now 2023 we know it is very clear to anyone at this point that planet Snoopy is going to receive some sort of investments As an enthusiast, you know what stakes mean and you know what early signs of construction are and theme parks Don't start these construction projects until they absolutely need to construction is one of the highest costs of a project In terms of building these rides and attractions and for planet Snoopy to already have these signs It's very clear that there's an expansion coming now What that could look like is very confusing because they could go down two different routes one they could introduce a third themed area Camp Snoopy like the other parks have and that would give Canada's Wonderland three themed kids areas Or they could just build on top of planet Snoopy and Carry it on from there I do think they're gonna be looking to add a restaurant an indoor restaurant in there as well because it is a very popular area for Winterfest and they need more indoor things and maybe even an indoor dark ride and some other little tiny attractions It could go either way With that Canada's Wonderland has a history of adding a flat ride or a water park addition whenever they do a kids little Expansion or at a kids ride They like to balance it out between the family and the thrill seekers We are running out of things to add for thrill seekers in terms of flat rides So that leaves me to predict that we will see an s and s scream and swing in the next year To three years added to Canada's Wonderland all depending on when this roller coaster that we'll be talking about soon fits into our schedule Definitely think a scream and swing would be the best fit for Canada's Wonderland It's really thrilling and it just looks super awesome And it's always one of a favorite in the roller coaster community every time I talk to someone It's just one of those rides that everyone loves. I personally love it now with that being said CGA also has some new Pro slides water slides I think they're pro sides that they would be looking to transfer to another park for those who that visited Canada's Wonderland Our water park is one of the least invested in water parks in the chain in my opinion There's obviously probably another couple to that. I don't know about in the chain, but we need Investments in splash works it desperately and it would just make sense to take what one park has that they're no longer gonna need and move it on Over to Canada's Wonderland instead of buying brand new so I could totally see Canada's Wonderland stealing some of CGA's investments in their water park and bringing them on over to Canada's Wonderland They are in desperate need of it. So I would definitely see that either in 2023 or Before the coaster in 2024 or 2025 again whenever this roller coaster plays in that's the tricky year right now There's a lot of things up in the air due to COVID and due to the park sale of CGA There's a lot again anything in this video. I do not know a year except for 2023 So that's definitely one thing that I think Wonderland's gonna be taking from CGA and it's pretty clear Is there water park investments? I feel like I'm about to cough now that brings me to our next coaster Now this is where it gets really tricky I think that it's very obvious that Canada's Wonderland is either going to get a mock power launch coaster a launch coaster by mock Whether that spinning or not spinning is up in the air I definitely think they should just go with spinning because it would increase again the different coasters that Canada's Wonderland has And that's a record they used to have or a Wing coaster now. I'm very certain that Wonderland would not go launch wing coaster They would want height in terms of the wing coaster again Cedar Fair has lost their record So whatever park they choose to put a wing coaster in if it's carowins Wonderland or Kings Island They're gonna want to take that record back So whoever gets that wing coaster out of those three parks is gonna go for the record I do think that Wonderland will eventually get a wing coaster just because of its capacity being about two million a year Wonderland is definitely eyeing that style of coaster. I just think because of COVID and Yukon Stryker being in 2019 We're not ready to spend another 30 35 million for a world record wing coaster quite yet. I think that's gonna be definitely around the 2030 timeline 2029 Timeline and we're gonna be looking to add maybe like a 28 million. I know there's hardly a difference Whatever Copperhead strike cost. I don't know what this cost Maybe it's 30 million to and I sound like nonsense right now, but I definitely think even based off of some comments I've seen on tiktok people aren't craving tallest anymore. They want something lower to the ground. They want something launched People really like back a lot at Canada's Wonderland And I think they could benefit from marketing a spinning launch coaster at Canada's Wonderland would do phenomenal So I definitely see that in our timeline I know I'm a little biased because I've wanted one of these at Canada's Wonderland But it would do so well in frontier Canada theme to log cutting company or even if they are to revitalize the International area it could be a Japanese theme even Or even medfare if they were to remove dragonfire now I'm not ready to make that video yet But definitely have my eyes on dragonfire just so everyone knows gonna keep them on dragonfire for the next couple of months There's just some certain things we've seen on dragonfire that are starting to show signs and Cedar Fair loves removing those arrow coasters now we're getting into The realm of Cedar fair is gonna continue to want to add dark rides to Canada's Wonderland Canada's Wonderland sits in a very hot and cold climate and with winterfest being such a success at Canada's Wonderland They're gonna want more indoor rides What those indoor rides could look like you're gonna want to add like kid friendly indoor dark rides You're gonna want to add some adult indoor dark rides as well I'm showing on the screen a mock dark ride Sorry, I'm gonna have to cough But I'm gonna hold it in a mock dark ride just because I think that Going back to basics and not using trial tech because they're such a fail especially if you've been hearing about what's going on with Canada's Wonderland and Guardian Recently in the last month. They are never gonna touch trial tech again. Let me tell you they're ready to cut ties but again, that is just my Rumblings in the community. That is not an official statement. That is just what I've been hearing through the grapevine But nonetheless, I definitely see them working with Sally dark ride would be another good company that I could see them working with but With Cedar Fair recently working with Mock again or not again. They have been working with them I would love to see them invest in some of these newer dark rides that Mock has been announcing as well That would be awesome outside of that a Few other attractions. I could see them adding as you can tell I'm losing my breath now COVID serious. I'm literally struggling to make a 10 minute video for you guys. I'm out of breath I'm literally weak But nonetheless, I could see them adding a mock hour splash or even one of these little family-friendly Kind of like Thunder Run. I don't know what to call them I don't know what they're called the ride model, but those little rides that go up and down and spin That Cedar Point has Pipe scream. I think is what it's called at Cedar Point This is something that I think Wonderland has been eyeing for a couple of years. We saw something a couple years back on a piece of paper About pipe scream being carried around Wonderland So we've been kind of eyeing slash knowing that something like this probably is coming to Canada's Wonderland in the next couple years Just not sure of the time frame again that these investments are gonna be made It is very difficult to predict years because of COVID and because of the sale of CGA So again, this is one of those attractions from CGA that I could definitely see being relocated to Canada's Wonderland or one of the smaller parks, but It's an easy add for Canada's Wonderland And I definitely see Canada's Wonderland not taking anything cool unfortunately from CGA just the water park and possibly this and maybe a few of their kids rides for Planet Snoopy, but nonetheless, that's kind of my like four to five years Kind of prediction and I do have to say I'm very confident in some of my guesses If that makes any sense, but obviously take it with a grain of salt But I'm extremely confident in a lot of these guesses I'm gonna say that I could walk out of this video being about 80% correct In terms of the next five years at Canada's Wonderland I wouldn't be surprised though by the way guys that the hotel makes a reintroduction in the next two to three years I think that a hotel will be announced again when we get our next edition I think Wonderland's just gonna wait for them to become more of a tourist destination I think you're seeing that a lot of the American parks are struggling for attendance right now and Canada's Wonderland is breaking some serious records. So Canada's Wonderland is proving to be Inflation proof with the power of that season pass and its add-ons I think a lot of families in Canada are relying on Canada's Wonderland to be that family destination I'm in a lot of Wonderland groups on Facebook and that seems to be what families are saying like can't afford to go on trips So we're taking our kids to Canada's Wonderland But yeah, nonetheless, hopefully you enjoyed this video. It's been a while I'm gonna try and make some more videos, but as you can tell it has literally drained me But yeah, thanks for supporting the channel and thanks for all the messages During COVID keep an eye on our TikTok by the way follow us amusement insiders on TikTok We post there daily multiple times a day. Thanks so much guys. Bye