I am a designer primarily I also develop on the site for android on the web, but designs completely my passion I am still doing engineering I am in second year long way to go very difficult aside from college I am also I am co-founding my own company and I am consulting for a company use. Before we dive in quickly ask how many people have heard of mutated design ok great one. So visit the material design website I hope so yes any knows good so front and center of the material design website Google says design for the user and everything else will follow this philosophy portrays that if we keep the user at mind and focus on user centric design where every decision we take and every UI element we put in place is designed to make the user experience simpler and more efficient everything else will fall into place later because if the user will use the app well it means the product is successful. What does that make sense because if we say design for the user that is us effectively classifying the entire world's population into one user and then going on to define for the user. Now we have diversity sets so varied where we can factor in things like age gender race outlooks touch accuracy color blindness and other things like this now a set so diverse it is not right to combine that into one user and then say design for that user because then we are not keeping everyone else's needs in mind even if you are conducting testing A B testing between two features in your app and using a really positive outlook where one set has like perhaps 75% ratio of working and the other one has 25% ratio even if you say that's a good ratio between the two like one is really much higher and you go on to design for using that principle basically ignoring a quarter of your user base which is a quarter is a significant number classifying a diverse population that's online into one user and then designing for that according to Google's design for the user philosophy is something that is not really correct of us to do as designers and developers what someone asked what should we do that's what the whole topic is about. So this leads to the principle of something called mutated design before we dive into what mutated design is if we can start with a back story which will help us understand it better. So the pioneer of mutated design is a Google expert called Liam Spreadman from New York and his journey began when he met a woman with MS. MS is a degenerative disease which attacks the nervous system and it doesn't let you really use your smartphone with the best accuracy. She had a device and she was attempting to place a call but because of her nervous system problems her touch accuracy wasn't really so great she was clicking constantly and narrowing the wrong numbers and had an overall poor experience and his solution at the moment was to fix it just to give her a device with voice acting enabled but she would quickly tell the device to call someone and go ahead and do it. The second thing that triggered the idea of mutated design in him was she was hired to design an app for children. Now even though the client was looking to target an entire audience between 2 to 15 years old that's really volatile audience is because there are you see some toddlers who can barely touch this thing to mature teenagers who are who are much more the advanced features of it. Now how can you design one app for that entire set of users? You can say perhaps design for the easiest interface possible large buttons colorful UI for the youngest set of users because they are the ones who are going to have the most difficulty but if you only design for them and keep those things in mind providing a dumbed down experience to the users who actually know how these things work. So sacrificing their experience at the cost of some and you are not getting the entire user base. This brings us to mutated design. Mutated design is theoretical design methodology for user interface and user experiences There are born, live and evolve according to the user's reality. Simply put it is a design philosophy that aims to tailor an app's design that's specific to user. Each user will have the app installed but each user will have the experience differently tailored to their needs, their wants and their abilities. Let's get into the concept of mutated design. We mentioned that a born, live and evolve according to user's reality. What is the user's reality? They are not just simply things like what we mentioned is and abilities. There are also things like immediate lighting, data availability, plus reason down. User behavior could be something like perhaps someone doesn't have the best user typing and they end up pressing the wrong buttons too often. Very common. User characteristics would be things users tend to do. User experiences would be perhaps using the app in sunlight and the screen isn't really visible. And theoretical personal information is stuff we can generally know probably from the Google account or from the device itself. This uses age and gender and preferences. It brings us to why mutated. So right now as designers and developers we have written problems. For example, let's pick up web designers. People who design hybrid apps. They have the cross-platform part of it nailed down. Because their design represents a cross-platform. That is set for them. So they focus on working across screen sizes, bunch of media queries in it. On the other hand app developers, their screen sizes hand in really well for them with the layout folders. So they focus on the cross-platform aspect of it. But then is that all? Are screen sizes and platforms the only things that we need to adapt to? It's not because the user is more important than just the device or the platform. They design for the user. We are forgetting that part and just getting to the device or platform that users using. Accessibility. Now, there's so many problems that happen in accessibility. Most of us tend to ignore it. Even if you pick up a few things like say we designed for colorblind users. So now most developers when they approach this they simply do things like a higher contrast perhaps not using red and green side by side. Most of us aren't even aware that there are four different types of colorblindness not just the ones that are mainstream. But keeping everything in mind four types of colorblindness different types of transparency and a whole bunch of accessibility features that would be done with the core user experience. Because you can't keep all of them in mind. Legacy easily. Is this familiar with technology? We know that if we were perhaps to put three lines in the top corner of the screen it would mean to swipe from the left and open an hamburger menu. What about this guy? A kid who is just not even a kid it could be an adult. Someone who is just exposed to technology and isn't really familiar with this that we have been living with since years. They don't know how things work they don't know what those three lines signify they don't know what a floating action button does. What about them? If we could design for them and perhaps don't use a navigation door and switch to tabs but where I have more work better than a navigation door then like I said earlier I don't mean on the experience for the power we just know the patterns. Mirai design methodology. Mirai design is broken down into three main parts. So first of them is characteristics versus extra characteristics. Characteristics are things that belong to the user and extra characteristics are things that belong around the user. So the ones on the left are characteristics like we talked about vision, age and touch accuracy and extra characteristics could be things like data availability, lighting conditions, sound etc. Quick look at this. So if we were to view this is the same app used in a bright lighting condition and a perfect lighting condition like perhaps the office environment. Now if this was using a light UI it would not really be visible in sunlight. Because everything moves all colors move towards white in sunlight. So this wouldn't really be a good experience if it views the white. This is one of the reasons it needs to be muted. The important thing while considering mutated design is that we need to differentiate between long term characteristics and short term behaviors. Take a quick example.  And you end up typing a whole lot of buttons really quickly and attempting to get your message out. And if you have a mutated design framework picks that up and says that you don't have the clear search accuracy that fact would be wrong because your state of mind at the moment is temporary and not a permanent characteristic of you. So it is really important while considering mutated design to differentiate between long term characteristics and short term behaviors. Because designing for a short term behavior would ruin the mutated experience because it is not 100% translation of what the housing user characteristics are. This is something called the mother design. Now let's look at this. Suppose we were we mentioned about mutating in bright lighting. Suppose our solution to mutating to bright lighting is to make the color palette of the app darker. Now in this mother design will probably leave blue in the center. So mother design is the base that we build upon. It is the architectural foundation fundamental archetype of the entire app. It is established as a base and we go on to build upon that. So if you look at this example the user may never even see the blue which is the mother design because of the way it mutates according to the lighting conditions. So at the same time the light on the right would be the text color against it. So in a bright lighting condition you would perhaps have a darker background with light text on it. And as the user moves into better lighting conditions it will mutate towards a lighter background with dark accent. Mother design is important because it is starting point for all decisions that are made. It's light of the background and the app does not move away from it. That is something that cannot be mutated.  If you look at this graph there are multiple status states. It could be something like this where based on the lighting you darken the color of the button or it could be something like the one on the right where the user uses familiarity with tech you use the text button instead of a floating action button. So status states are these mutations on the mother design which are formally established and based on certain criteria they go ahead and mutate. The status states are important because they are the first step of mutations. They are the can you pick up like for example lighting mutate from there. Going deeper the status states can combine and provide a clear experience like perhaps lighting is bad and the user is not familiar with tech it would provide a dark square button. The status states are the first mutations so there are some doubts coming about mutated design in your mind. So let's quickly address those. First is user confidence. When a lot of designers and developers are about mutated design their first thought is what will happen to the user experience if I change how the app looks or behaves while they are using it. The second doubt that could come is accounting for everything. Like I mentioned there are a lot of states that they have to be accounted for because we cannot account for all the possible states. Third is deciding when to mutate. We mentioned long term characteristics and short term behaviors and knowing which is when which is what and when to mutate upon that is another thing that needs to be kept in mind while being mutated design. But we get to this doubt later because as you dive more into it you understand why these things have to be kept in mind and why they make sense more sense in mutated design in the ways of mutated design itself. So let's have a look at Gaia. Gaia is something that aims to solve the accounting for everything problem. So Gaia is a theoretical mutation framework that is based upon a machine learning principle that attempts to employ machine learning in design and learn from these characteristics and behaviors and that you design mutate from there. So Gaia would exist at a framework level. Theoretically for now it only exists as a class but it would theoretically exist at a framework level. So apps would subscribe to this. So let's look at the app at the bottom. The app at the bottom is reporting that the user is touching a little to the right side of the button every time. So actually this is not the great. So Gaia would pick it up the first time. The app reports again that again he is touching it off the button. Gaia picks it up a second time. This would happen a few times until the framework is completely sure that yes this is not something temporary it would be in the search accuracy problem and it would allow the mutation to go ahead and perhaps increase the button size and move it a little bit in that direction. Now because of Gaia existing as a mutation design framework when the second app sends the same feedback the user's search accuracy is not a great it would not be the same number of cycles of verification but Gaia that is a definite problem. Perhaps in one or two passes Gaia already knows that how the user can understand this. Perhaps in one or two passes Gaia would give it the go ahead. If you need to mutate on this factor because this is a known problem. So Gaia allows the cycle of mutation to happen behind the scenes. It handles the entire getting feedback, employing the fix, getting feedback on the fix and perhaps course correcting if needed. So for now Gaia is a long way off but I talked about new spread in the beginning and he is developing an app called Selene. Selene is a note taking app that is primarily mutated design. It employs the color thing we talked about moving towards darker colors and bright lighting and it also uses Gaia as a class. So Selene is completely open source and it's a really great class of checkout. There are links at the end for those types. So it's a really great class of checkout because it shows you just how the framework is receiving the mutated design inputs and making a decision whether or not to mutate. So for now it exists in the class within the framework. But the community is pushing for it to become something bigger and something better at a more core level to allow multiple apps to subscribe to the same framework rather than each app learning multiple times about the user. So we've talked a lot about what it can do and what we should do but we haven't talked about anything actual but in detail how it actually would look in a real app. So let's pick up a sample set of how mutated design would change the user experience. The first is mutating for user familiarity. We talked about users who are not only familiar but take patterns. So in Selene this is how it has to exist. So if you open up the app and you have a look at the bottom right corner the floating action button to create a new node. Now for users who are familiar with tech they will know that by pressing the button they add a node. But for users who are not really familiar with the pattern of a plus it gives them a few seconds and after a few seconds if no new node has been created it establishes the fact that the user isn't really familiar with this perhaps why they are lingering on the home screen and not creating a new node. So Selene quickly mutates the floating action button into a text button in the bottom that clearly states and of course this is in English but it could be in any language it clearly states a new node. So this allows that user to understand what the floating action button was for what it mutated into and in user passes another app had to do this to perhaps do it quicker. So one of the things to keep in mind is that if you have a look at Selene the floating action button the user and changing the button the next time the app is open it happens in front of the user it transforms and becomes a rectangle and it shows the user where it came from because doing it the next time the app is open we talk about user confusion and user experience how do you know that they are going to be confident about using it so doing it correctly while animating the floating action button into a rectangle rather than doing it the next time the app is opened to throw the user off the path mutating for visibility so we talked about sunlight and how an app would look under so the base of designing for lighting conditions is that in white in unbright sunlight conditions all colors move closer to white so black becomes dark gray dark blue becomes light blue but then if you move closer to white there is no place for white to move so white is the immutable color in designing for visibility so if we look at our instinct and we design according to our instinct that says the brighter the lighting the brighter we need the screen to be our instinct tells us we can make it really bright white and with black text on it it's a high contrast but that's not a good solution because white is the immutable color so you need the text to be immutable not the background so if you look at Selene and if you look at how it shows your notes it shows you a variety of colors that you could see on the palette earlier we talked about mother design but under specific lighting conditions it mutates towards the darker variant of the mother design brand color this allows a better contrast and again we're not doing it just sudden change we're doing it gradually to keep the user's confidence in mind mutating for behavior how many of us have used the protein action button? I think everyone everyone loves the fab so most of us use it even that with the primary action but do we really know with the primary action and I can have multiple use cases so let's look at this app Selene pushing aims to draw a grid on the screen and there's a variety of options like changing the color changing the type of the grid but a lot of users just enter the app, turn on the grid and leave now this is something I worked on myself so I could observe the user's pattern most of them were just entering it pressing the button and leaving because the grid stays positioned but I could not confidently move to using the protein action button as a permanent action because not all my users were doing it so mutating for user behavior would involve something like measuring the ratio that button is the first item clicked how many times did you click on another item before pressing that so if you look at this from a developer's perspective this would involve a simple checking which things pressed first by perhaps a motion down event and then checking the ratio when it's open if it's high enough because the protein action button is 98% use case if the ratio between the first touch of the switch so the other item is high enough could perhaps mutate into a protein action button what this would do is the fab is really easy to look at and really easy to click on and it's right there in the control screen the keys, that access and user's are familiar with it very common pattern mutating into that would allow them to quickly enter the app and press the button rather than reaching to the top of the screen and toggling the switch every time because the switch involves pressing it at the top corner for touch accuracy again this is something we are going to talk about from a more developer's perspective because I think after this point it's been highly theoretical let's look at a typical material design dialogue the buttons are touching each other sure they have a padding around the text but the buttons usually touch each other not only that but both the dialogue buttons are about 24 dp away from the dialogue now keeping in mind that dialogues can also be dismissed by touching outside the dialogue and considering how that will work usually don't have such a great touch accuracy like perhaps picture a little older user who can't touch on the point the first time need a few tries now that would make a big difference when there is a button on the screen because they could try again but imagine an important dialogue popping up on one of the actions but perhaps the positive action because the dismissing is completely closer to the button so they can track the positive action but the end up 24 dp is a very small space on the screen it's like perhaps less than a centimeter so even if they are less than a centimeter off they end up dismissing the dialogue rather than pressing the positive button this would margin of error is there because dialogue can be accidentally dismissed moving on this would perhaps move the buttons little up and little to the left if there is a case of the dialogue being dismissed or perhaps if they are under pressing the wrong button or pressing outside the margin of the button the button spacing could be increased now this is really efficient because this is going to end up dismissing the dialogue and they are under pressing the wrong button so just moving a little bit during the usage would improve the user experience because they press the action they want again if you are implementing this for all users it would not make sense because it is a waste of space all of us don't need large buttons and large margins only a few of us need it and we will get all the problems but dismissing for those who need it and doing it only for them let's look at another example for physical activity this is a very very developer's perspective everyone has used this view so in this view we specify a row view and then go on to that in the adapter now pick a simple app like perhaps a contact app and imagine a little elderly user using the contacts app and mistakenly pressing the wrong contact every time the typical list height that we keep in material design is around 56dp but for the for an elder user there isn't enough you can't increase it for all because there will show less amount of contacts on the screen and provide a left and optimal user experience so we mutate on that design now how can we achieve this so imagine we have the row view and within that we have three layouts it can be any layout of your choosing the typical row view 56dp and we break that down into perhaps an 8x8 and 40 ratio and set the same touch action for all three all three if the list view is meant to direct contact all three touch targets would do the same action but the app and the framework would both detect when either the extreme top or the extreme bottom touch target is pressed rather than the center of the button so ideally the app would send this to the Gaia framework which would then record that the user is not really touching very accurately and they are touching on the top or bottom targets which would perhaps feed a mutation so the first couple of times it's not going to be anything because it could be a short term behavior rather than a long term experience but over time as Gaia realizes that this is happening more and more often it would allow a mutation and there is increase to say certain machine design limits that we have introduced with me and so on rules of everyday design is one of the most important things because everyday design is like a loaded gun you can do something really bad and end up ruining the company user experience of the app this helps in aims to address most of the doubts that we talked about earlier the user is confident if you pull out the rug from under the user and have drastically trained the app experience this is not going to like the app because if they are familiar with one thing and using the app again and again and coming clicking on the same thing every time changing that suddenly result in the user being frustrated with your how implemented mutation design so doing it gradually like we talked about in Celine perhaps over time it could be something simple like surely the mother design where there was a base brand color and there was a darkest color now we could do it by saying that ok this light is above a certain threshold just use the darkest color in the palette so that would not make sense because they are going from the lightest to the darkest in one mode and not only providing a good user experience so instead what the design would suggest is that you set certain break points in the light intensity and when it reaches those it becomes a little bit darker if you do this over time and you perform mutations within the user's expectations and not perhaps exceed them and break their confidence you would not you would make the user not you wouldn't do the familiarity with the app staying within their limits and within their bounds and not pulling the rug out from under them the important thing is starter states where we talked about which is the initial mutations of the mother design these have to be firmly established like perhaps let's look at Celine again so I showed you the home screen where there is a floating action button which will take us into a rectangular button now it could also be the case that every time the user opens the app they don't instantly press the button maybe for a certain set of reasons maybe they have distracted us at the time or they are looking at some other perhaps other tabs or something so the starter states are firmly established then today the design will roll back perhaps in the next two times they end up pressing floating action button quickly which means they either learn the use of the fab or they familiarize the pattern from first the mother design can roll back and perhaps stop transforming into a rectangle and just keep it as the fab not dumbing down the interface for the user the starter states need to be firmly established but in case you need to course correct during the user usage it can simply roll back to establish the artist state so the second thing is infinite characteristics so if we we talk for a lot of things that we have to keep in mind what types of color line is multiple types of accessibility data sacrifice etc so as designers if we think that this is a certain set of things that we need to mutate for we will write back to square one because we are doing what we think is right for a certain set rather than allowing you to go on with it so in the long run this would be handled by machine learning in the short run the mutated event community is coming together to establish a wide and complete subset of all mutations that could be performed for now and the guy in the long run would leave that to machine learning so the important thing here is to not do what we think is right but rather to allow to the what the community is doing and leave it to machine learning we come in right back to square one we trust that instinct over what will happen maintaining the user's identity so if we would do an analogy on this it could be that if we are mutating a human body and so if maintaining your identity it would perhaps be increasing the length of the arms do something else would perhaps be removing the arms and going through the legs instead which would not make sense because you are losing the identity of a human body so coming back to this product's identity like you look at the mother design you could have moved from light blue to black and that would have the best readability but if you move to black you would lose the branding and the product blue color which would completely with the product's branding it would not look like saline anymore it would look like a system node sap with the black nodes so the important thing is to keep the product's identity in mind so that even if I and mine mutates to a darker color if I hand it off to someone you know it's just a dark color of the mother design not something completely different you can look at what I talked about moving to black would lose the identity of the blues but staying within the spectrum of the blue would not have that effect deciding when to mutate so one of the important things we need to keep in mind is monitoring energy usage over time and not mutating for short term behaviors another thing to keep in mind is to respect the boundaries of the platform and the product or perhaps if we set it up so that every time the user clicks on the top or bottom of the list you increase the height but if you don't cap that you perhaps end up with contacts the entire half the size of the screen so we need to keep the device's boundaries in mind another place that could be this could be looked at is suppose you're just pressing with the operator corner of the button and to fix that you perhaps move the button a little to the top and a little to the right because the touch is there but if you keep doing that the button will end up moving off the screen which is actually breaking the boundaries of the device another way this could be talked about is if we see that most of our users are coming from another platform and we perhaps mutate to base on that platform guidelines you will be breaking the boundaries of the platform itself so all these things that the boundaries of the product the platform and the device to be kept in mind while performing mutations this is also course corrected we talked about if something goes wrong and the user doesn't want to do it anymore like if the touch accuracy gets better after some time you could quickly roll back to the initial 56 dp height of the list view that we have so course correcting and rolling back for services is another important thing to do let's have a quick recap of what we talked about so we talked about user centric design and how that disregards the diversity in our population by overlooking simple things that define a user and make each of us unique it's an abstraction of a very large set because humans are very varied and combining them into one user and designing for that user doesn't make sense so mutated design aims to solve this by tailoring the design for that user itself and keeping in mind his outlook his needs and his behavior rather than for that perfect set that we formed things to keep in mind while implementing mutated design within user expectations don't pull the rug out from under the user so that would be breaking the experience and overwhelming the user taking away what they are familiar with within a set of rules respect the boundaries of the platform the device and the product identity itself because breaking those would prove disasters for all three things so links Liam Faragran has been taking the entire design community forward so three really easy links to look at the first is Syrians complete source code which you can look at and it shows you the Gaia class it shows you how it reads the light sense values and darkens the palette of brand it also shows you how it performs the animation between working action button when the animation triggers when it changes to rectangle button the second is first one is the link to the app and second is the link to the source code and the third is the link to the mutated design community where all the discussions are taking place right now and all the decisions about it are being voted on as a whole so I'll take your question interesting so my question is regarding the when you talk about from floating button to bottom bar why not to show something like tooltips so is it against the philosophy of like mutative design like we understand that reason is probably not understanding the floating button rather than animating it into a bar we can even show a tooltip that what this button can do we can understand so if you are showing the tooltip you are not going towards the user, you are bringing the user to you which defeats the purpose you don't have to make the users familiar with your patterns you have to adapt your patterns for their level of familiarity I hope that answers the question so regarding the machine learning approach also like does AB testing also falls into this or not because when you say that you sometimes you set rules for common users and then machine learning but what if also we rely on AB testing for even the basic rules and then can that be reliable and then or so again AB testing doesn't really work and breaks because even if we see a 90% success rate we are still ignoring a tenth of our users mutative design aims to every single user for providing cleared experience for the popular vote or making everyone decide on one so you design for the specific user and clear the experience according to them so my question is regarding the mutative design ecosystem for app so say I have multiple apps which follow mutative design so is it so what possibility do you think do you see like the apps can intercommunicate so just one app can decide whether the user is colorblind or if he has some nervous problems so that is the idea behind the Gaia framework so right now it exists only as a class within the Selene app and only Selene app can access it but the community is pushing to include it at a more core level so right now you either need to have inter app communication using that Gaia class it should not really be the best in terms of security so Gaia needs to solve that by being a mutative framework at a more deeper level in the system so all apps can subscribe to the framework so this would work because suppose the framework knows that this user is not familiar with newer patterns like the protein action button before he even opens your new app is installed framework tells him that don't use the protein action button there is a triangular button because this user is not familiar with newer patterns so right now it is just a class within one app because this is a relatively new movement and we are trying to expand it but hopefully in future there are more core level in the system so we have an enterprise application and it is used a lot by people who might not be very tech savvy and they have to use it in outdoor conditions so I am interested in knowing like what are the parameters with which you decide the context of the user say for instance the tech size of our app the font is very large so when I first saw it I felt like this can't be true this cannot be a production app but then I was told that people who are using it outdoors they need the size of the font to actually see otherwise they will find it very difficult to use the app so you mentioned that the machine learning approach now machine learning has to have a set of input parameters so what are the parameters to decide that this user is not tech savvy or this user has a vision problem so the machine learning approach is very far off but how we will do this something right now is we could pick up whether the user is outdoors or not because we don't really have sunlight intentionally lighting indoors so perhaps if the light sensor of the device itself is picking up a really bright light the user is outdoors this parameter could be applied to both increase the contrast of the app itself and for a larger tech size whereas for the tech savvy users I think we can look at something like we did the user doesn't use a floating action button much it means perhaps not familiar with this technology another way this could be looked at which was a big discussion in the design community sometime back was the use of the navigation draw so a lot of people didn't like the navigation draw because it used to stay hidden off the screen and users weren't familiar with it the solution that time was to open it the first two times so the user knows where it is but if you look over time and you see that the user is still not using it very frequently it would be perhaps not familiar with that pattern so you could move for a simpler approach like tabs firstly a very interesting topic the talk was very good thanks for that like this morning when I was coming I had maps on and every time you would pass an underpass the interface would change to a more contrasting color so I think that's an example of mediative design so if you look at maps when at night it becomes darker I mean it was very impressive that as I approach an underpass the colors change and as soon as I came out of the underpass it changed back to its original colors so any other examples that stand out like this that you might be able to highlight I think serine is the go-to for mediative design that seems like more like an example app right now which is very focused in live apps I talk about the keyline pushing app I talk about the grid app so that is something that's in production that's using mediative design in production any other apps from the more popular ones that you see any of those that have good examples so I can actually get back this is a really new moment which is less than a year old so we're trying to get it out to use more popular apps most people are they know about it, they're thinking about it but they're not sure whether they want to put it in production yet perhaps the moment grows bigger hopefully we'll see it coming to more popular apps but right now I think it's limited to a few apps it's more theoretical and practical also do you see it as being something of more of a concept in developing countries or in countries where people are now getting more tech-sci than they were earlier so what do you think that's a thing like maybe in developing now people with WhatsApp there's an entire demographic which earlier wasn't much into this app usage and are now getting on to it so do you think this is one of the things that applies more to them I mean definitely applies more to them because even if we see that ok India is developing more and we start using the newer patterns there's clearly a large population in India that is not familiar with the pattern but I think this is definitely one case that it needs to apply in developing markets where you design for uses for tech-sci as well as those who are not thanks you need to see the links so it's source.tv.xyz the simple link is the lean.tv.xyz source.tv.xyz and community.tv.xyz any more questions? Thank you


Good morning everybody. My name is Carlo Ratty. I'm a professor at the Metis. We're around the sensible city lab. And so welcome everybody to the Davos agenda 2021 into this session on building next net zero cities. Today is going to be a very exciting discussion with all of our panelists. Just a little bit of housekeeping first. The session is going to be half an hour. It's going to be open broadcast to everybody around the world. And then this will be followed by another half an hour session later. That's open to all the top link participants. Also, I want to mention that this is part of our initiative at the World Economy Forum on next net zero carbon cities and integrated approach. And so the session is part of this. And for those of you very interested, there's a very, very exciting report that just came out on the topic on how we can build more sustainable cities. So cities, if you need to remember four numbers of cities, remember the following four numbers to 50, 75 and 80 cities only 2% of the surface of the planet, but they're 50% actually today, a little bit over 50% of the population in their 75% of energy consumption, 80% of CO2 emissions. So if we can do something to make our cities a little bit more sustainable, that could be a great deal globally. So having said it, I really wanted to start with our exciting panelists. I want to start with Anna Cuny, who's the mayor of Stockholm. And Anna, first of all, I want to ask you about, you know, your role on the board, if you comment a little bit on this initiative and, you know, on how you see it and how it actually has helped shape some of the initiatives you have been implementing in Stockholm. Thank you so much, Carlo. It's really a privilege to be on the board, to work with this holistic perspective on our mutual challenges. And that is why this is so important, because it helps cities on the path toward a climate positive for the city of Stockholm, but also climate neutral cities around the world, to help them to fulfill our goals. Because while other initiative emphasizes on different solutions for different sectors, this approach is to take, to find a model to a more integrated system where we can look at different sectors and how they interact. For example, ultra efficient buildings, smart energy infrastructure, but of course, also clean electrification. And we hope to succeed in our goals towards job creation, well-being for our citizens, it's about health, and of course, improved resiliency, and to our goal towards climate neutrality. So this really helps us find the measures how to integrate, I mean, everything from energy efficiency in building and retrofitting to new mobility solutions, and also to integrate solution at scale. Often we focus on one building at a time, but it's about how buildings also interact with each other at scale. So it's really interesting when we build new districts in our cities around the world, but also when we retrofit existing areas. Yeah, and your point about scale is very, you know, it's key, and actually we'll talk about this later, is a veterinary city is really a system of systems. And so how do we scale up from individual building to the neighborhood to the whole city? But I want to ask you as well, something about, you know, what we've been living over the past few months, and actually it has been part of some of the discussions we had at the board and is about the pandemic, and how do you see that that could change, for instance, our cities and making them more sustainable. I know one of the points you've been advocating is also how we can reschedule our lives in our cities in order again to make better use of the existing infrastructure. Thank you, Carlo. That's really a good point, because I think many policymakers today really just talk about new infrastructure, and they want new measures from the national level. But I think we can really learn about how we can use our existing infrastructure in a better way. So if you look at the pandemic, we many countries have had a strategy of bending the curve so that demand don't exceed and apply at peak hours or at peak time. You can have that strategy when it comes to healthcare or energy, but also how you plan the city. So we have all this infrastructure at place, but what is more people are working from home before lunch and then coming to the office after lunch, or then you don't have so much pressure on the public transport, or if you reschedule the gymnasiums, because many students research a show and learn better later on the day. So if they start school a little bit later, then you don't have so much pressure on traffic, on public infrastructures, and so on. So we can really use what we have in a more sustainable way, and that's also, of course, when it comes to energy. So I think we should reschedule our cities to use what we have in a more efficient way. Thank you, Anna. Yes, certainly one of the tragedies of the city, or cities in the 20th century, was really having everything synchronized. And so you had peak hour, rush hour, and then there was a lot of congestion. So you can actually reschedule cities thanks to the newfound flexibility following the pandemic. That could be a big deal, have a big impact, and make them more sustainable. Incidentally, is exactly what happens with energy markets. And we'll hear about that in a moment about how IT can help us in that direction. But before that, let me move to Mamunia Sharif, who is, as you all know, Undersecretary General and Executive Director of UN Habitat. Mamunia, it's great to have you here on the panel. And I wonder you to, we heard the lesson from Stockholm. And how would you bring into emerging countries? I believe today you are in Nairobi, where UN Habitat is based, but you've been working a lot with cities in emerging countries. What do you think? How could they achieve the same goals? Thank you very much, Kaho. Thank you very much. I would like to congratulate World Economic Forum for the net zero carbon cities report. And I'm very, very happy, the inclusion of the complexities section. So your questions about the, about how cities reflect and react to new phenomena, I think we should look into the, to analyze the urbanizing trend at the moment. I think we should recognize that over the last 20 years, the city grew three times more than the population. So this is a very excessive and unnecessary footprint. Then you want to like to link it into the energy. And at average, we are also looking into the different geographies and the cities expanded in their territory is more than 10 to 20 kilometers of their former limit. And the density is now is reduced on average of 20 percent. So how the cities in the developing world. And I think this is very important for us to look into the integrated energy approach that mentioned in the net zero cities report that inquire or requires to include the space, the space in the cities as essential variable because systematic efficiency cannot be a smart solution alone on sectoral. So when we look into the cities, I think we would like to like to like to bring to you the, to rethink the notion of proximity over accessibility, connectivity, the location and the function of the cities. The cities in terms of the regular, the solution, regulatory solution, the governance and the multiple use a function. And I would like also to bring to you that with the need of this integrated response, not only related to energy sectors. We need to think in terms of new economic geography and redefine the role and the function of cities and region. And especially in the developing countries, as you know that low and middle income countries accounted only for 14.5 percent of global emission. But account for 90 percent of the future urban growth. So I think that we need to focus on the developing world by putting in place low carbon development trajectory and to meet the human development needs, not only the energy, but also the human and also pursuing the decarbonation of the developed world cannot be an expense of the people and the need to access to clean energy in the developing world. I think this is very important for us to look into the proper financing and regulatory reform in the, in the developing world. This is a very, very less. And also to look into the capacity for the integrated planning, not only energy planning, but urban design, good planning with energy is the component of it. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mamunio. So basically, compactness is very, very important. We know the compact cities used in general, on average, much less energy. For those of you who are listening, if you look at this very interesting grass, we see the density of the city and energy consumption per capita. So in your case, making them more compact and certainly looking at this, compact means better in terms of energy sustainability, but also in terms of social sustainability, how the community can interact better together. But Mamunio, would you like to expand a little bit on a, on a related point, which is what we are hearing about today? You know, this has been championed by the mayor of Paris, it's part of C40, but also many other cities. So when you think about the comfort cities, how this city doesn't need to be just, you know, one single area, but actually can be broken down into what some people call the 15 minute city. So in smaller district where you can find most of the things you need. So this has been, you know, a very exciting and ambitious goal. Clearly, you know, a big city is more than the 15 minute city. You know, we might say that perhaps the opera theater, you know, the market and many other exciting things might be beyond the 15 minutes. But inside the 15 minutes, you can get most of the things you need so that actually the city is more sustainable. So it would be great to hear from you actually how this lesson that has been championed in many cities in the, in the North could actually be, be applied to the global south. Yeah, I think what, what is important here is that is, we have to really look at the function of the cities and we shouldn't forget the intermediary cities around. So we have to look into the corridor, the urban corridor. So because we wouldn't be competing among cities. So I think when you look at the function of the cities, then we can allocate, for example, that is the concept of the 15 minute cities. And where, when we're looking going back into the neighborhood sustainable, self-sustained neighborhood. So I think this is very, very important where you can get the education, the, the, the convenience goods. But of course, beyond the 15 minute, you get the higher level of the convenience goods and also the, the, the facilities. So I think what we should understand now is that to understand how the ecosystem of the city, how the city is functioned and whether is it 15 minute city or the donut city. But I think that is the most important is to look into the integrated part of the city. We cannot look energy by itself. So we have to be integrated and going back to the planning and urban design of the cities, which I said does now energy is one of the components of it. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. So then I like, I like not to, to move to Michael Namak, who's a chairman and chief executive officer of train technologies. And, you know, Michael, if we build them, what we were just here, you know, you start to see the city is this kind of system of systems. So what's your perspective on it? Yeah, it's so interrelated, Carlo. And thank you. And thank you to other panelists as well. Anna's point, I think, was, was right on about the fact that you've got to consider all these things together, the generation and distribution of power, agriculture, mobility, transportation and buildings. Very passionate about buildings in particular because buildings are 40% of the carbon emissions that occur within the world and particularly in cities. And specifically, HVAC is the number one contributor that again, it's 40% of that number. So you find that 15% of the world's carbon emissions happen by heating and ventilating air conditioning buildings, it grows to 25% by 2030 with what we know today to be the code standards and practices in the world. So the ability to take out some of the, the chemicals, the chlorine, the fluorine, the power refrigerants for buildings can eliminate 99% of that issue. The technology exists today and therefore you could actually drop tomorrow that component of greenhouse gas emissions by eliminating chlorine, fluorine from refrigerants and buildings. We're seeing trends around this in the world today, but very passionate that this is a technology that can be implemented and it really is the trigger in my mind around really resetting the baseline for carbon emissions. When you look at transportation, particularly refrigerated foods and medicines, vaccines as an example, you can also solve the problem there with the same chemical composition of refrigerants, but you can in addition electrify, you can electrify buildings, you can electrify transport refrigeration, remove the diesel engines, remove the power sources. When you collect those two components of transportation of food and medicine and buildings together, one third of the world's carbon emissions could be literally brought to zero with technology that exists today. I think there's urgency to do this, the time to act is now, but we don't need incentives to do that because often the total cost of ownership is less than you would find with alternative solutions. So I'm excited about the future. Also a little bit worried as we get through this pandemic because all of the mitigating things that we do around COVID around indoor air quality, around food safety actually increased demand of power generation and therefore carbon emissions. So to neutralize all that, we have to solve that problem in the short term and then get really onto the actions that I described earlier with buildings and transport refrigeration in particular. Wonderful. Thank you, Michael. So basically you're focusing on the hardware, how we can action the hardware both in terms of how it is assembled and also in terms of moving to electrification. But what about the software? How can we use intelligence in order to better synchronize all the different pieces? Yes, that's critical. You can't do this with hardware alone. You have to use the information coming from buildings, around occupancies, around outdoor temperatures and trends to be able to optimize these systems. And so the one thing you're seeing here really through the efforts in net service cities, but also through the pandemic is the acceleration of digital optimization, digital services coming into buildings to keep buildings operating after designs and after models. And so that is a silver lining through this, is the amount of information flowing around buildings about how to optimize that whole equation. So again, this is only one of the system of things here, one of the systems, the subsystems. It's important to think about this all collectively together, but there are, there's expertise throughout the world to attack these subsystems in an integrated way. Thank you. Thank you, Michael. Yes. So basically using sensors, using artificial intelligence, we can start having buildings or the built environment can start responding to us in a much more dynamic way, almost like a living thing. And as a result, it can help us save, save a lot of energy. But if you know, if this is happening at the building level, then I'd like to move to our four panelists, to Lei Jiang, because chief executive officer of Envision Group in China, in China. So I'd like to ask you, so we heard this about the building level, but how do we move to the city level? How do we integrate, for instance, modesty and address it with the same approach? Yes, I think the digital infrastructure probably is going to be the most essential part to support a net zero city, because the net zero city is going to run on the renewables. However, the renewables are intermittent, probably coming from the suburb area or even far away planes through the high voltage network. So you need to create adaptive demand to fit into the intermittent supply. So then the entire system have to be real time organized, orchestrated, synchronized. So that's why digital infrastructure is so important. At the same time, if the city to be net zero, you have to electrify your transportation system. So it is going to bring a huge challenge to electrical grid. If the milling ska are charging a similar time zone, it's going to make the electrical system collapsed. However, through the efficient orchestration by the digital network, so this kind of millions of cars can become the mobile storage because 95% of a passenger vehicle, they are sitting idle most of time. They can be the effective storage to support your energy network. At the same time, so we see the digital infrastructure is going to bring the huge flexibility to the city. For instance, as Michael said, the 40% carbon emission is from building. What I can say through our project in Singapore, we found 40% energy needs in Singapore is coming from HVAC. So if we can harness this HVAC system into the adaptive load, you basically can provide almost free storage and free flexibility to the city, which is very meaningful. So to support the intermittent renewable energy. So basically again, software and hardware, we need to electrify more. When we can electrify, we can break intelligence and better match supply and demand. Just as a follow-up thing, as you're taking this broader perspective about the city, now when you're looking ahead and look at, say, COP26, what do you think could be the incentives or how can we actually align stakeholders in order to reach some of the things you're mentioning about the city? As I said, the technology for the smart digital infrastructure is there. For instance, like the Singapore government is being taking the Decada platform to be the IoT platform for the city. But as I said, what's most important thing is about the policy change. We have to create the effective marketing mechanism to make the flexibility as the currency. So we should make the flexibility not only the daily flexibility, but also seasonal flexibility as the trading currency to encourage the long-term or short-term investment on this intelligent infrastructure or other storage technology. Then the city can deal with the intermittent renewable energy system. So basically, if you look at this, one key word we heard from different directions is really flexibility. We can run a more flexible city, live a more flexible life, also thinking about the post-undemic life. But probably flexibility is not enough unless we got the hardware and software that are able to respond in a more dynamic way. So I'd like to say we got a few more minutes. Any additional comments on this in the discussion? Maybe Anna, going back to you, how do you see some of what we just heard from Changi as an opportunity for Stockholm? I think that was great remarks. And actually, we have a test bed now together with great owners where we connect schools and thousands of households and companies to have a marketplace when it comes to flexibility, when it comes to energy capacity. We call it Stockholm Flex. So it's not about to demand and supply and buy if you have capacity over, it's about actually to not use energy during peak. It could be seasonal, but it also could be on a daily basis. So for example, if some household doesn't use energy at a certain time, they get payment for that. So it's a new kind of test bed when it comes to market solutions for flexibility. Just one solution where we as a city are very active with our schools and households and other stakeholders. That's really great. So basically, we got the flexible platform, then we also need to have the proper incentives in place in order to take advantage of that flexibility. You're in the Robi, which is kind of, some people call it a bit the Silicon Valley of Africa. There's a lot of experimentation also. There have been a lot of, there's been a lot of, you know, new developments in terms of micro payments, mobile payments, and so on. I mean, do you think there's such digital platforms could play a role in cities in the global south? Yeah, when I would like to start with, to continue with the software and the hardware that we are talking about just now and link it to the digitalization. I think it's very, very important for the cities in the global south is also to look into the capacity and also the capacity in terms of the hardware and the software. Of course, the hardware in terms of this investment, in terms of the governance, the software, in terms of the leadership regulatory, and of course, in terms of the hardware is the investment. I think this is very important to the global south, because if you know that it's the energy consumption at the very city level, the city level is around 70 percent. And we also consume 70 percent of the energy and also 70 percent of the carbon emission. And yet, and now 70 percent of the infrastructure is still to be built. And what type of infrastructure that we want to link into the energy saving? I think this is very important because in the global south, there are lack of proper financing and regulatory reform. And we need to decentralize the power system, but also need to the capacity to undertake integrated evaluation. So I would like to see that that is the difficulties. We also look into the building codes that is mentioned by Li Zhang just now. Where is the importance of it? And also the complication in terms of the business model at the global south. So we need and the resources are very, very scarce. And data is also very important in this case in order to move forward. So what I would like to conclude is that we have to rethink in terms of the geography, getting into the better productivity, different urban and territorial function. And also all function must be included, not only the net zero function, not only the energy design, but rather integrated and planning and urban design with energy component within the space element. I think that is very, very important, not only in global south, I think in the world. Thank you very much. You know, those are very, very interesting points. And Michael, very quickly as we are running, we're getting close to the end. So, you know, you've seen there seems to be a lot of demand from cities, you know, in different countries in the global south. You know, some of the solutions you mentioned at the building level, so you need to deal with private ownership might be easier. But when you need to apply the same thing at the global level, you know, what type of, you know, PPPs or what type of approaches could you think about to bring your solutions in terms of hardware and software to cities? First of all, the economics have to work and maybe just a couple of quick points. Stockholm is an example. I don't know that you allow fossil fuel heating anymore, replacing boilers with fossil fuel. And it's 300 to 400 percent more efficient to not do that and to put new technology in. Or as an example, Li Zhang mentioned using cars as batteries. You can use buildings as batteries actually storing latent heat and cooling and buildings to be used when you need it. The innovation is remarkable. It just needs now to really the economics are working. We just have to have policies and standards that allow for that innovation to take place. Wonderful. Thank you. Thank you, Michael. So we need to wrap up this first half an hour, but it seems to me that the things and the actions are really, really clear. And there seems to be a lot of demand from cities. It's about the hardware. How can we make a hardware that's more flexible? Also, thanks to some of the new conditions we are living in now, following the pandemic, the higher flexibility we have in our lives. And then, you know, thanks to the software, how we can then run the city in a much more efficient way.


All right team, exercise six in our eight exercise progression for fixing your right hip shift is now the standing march. Could be a walking march, it's just easier to film if I'm just standing. Exercise number one was this rock back where your hands and knees are on the ground and you get a pad on your left knee, it kind of turns you and you're exhaling, okay, yes, number one. Number two, rocking on your back, forward, backward. Number three, rolling side to side with one of your knees to your elbows. Don't flop around, just do it controlled. Number four, yeah, the pushup, that was the pushup position. It's a plank, it's a high plank, okay? And make sure your pressure on your hands is even and make sure your hips are tucked so you're getting your outer lower abdominals. Number five was, let me look at my list because I'm gonna forget, oh, that's the one we just did. It's the supported bent over left hip hike. We're making sure we keep our hips tucked, we're making sure we find this left inner thigh muscle there, keeping the inside of the foot down, finding the right butt muscle. Whatever queue works for you, stick with it, okay? Number six today is the standing march.  Just like that.  Don't think about it too much. And that's exercise number six.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late sports cards. I'm in 22-23. Any Crown Royale basketball hobby at 16 bucks full case break number 38. Tiered random team style. There is a look again at your random results as always. You can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat. It's good luck everybody. Let's see what we've got. Here we go. Crown Royale basketball. See something big man. See a big kaboom. Big kaboom. I think this is the last case of Crown Royale in the shop right now actually. As a matter of fact, everybody. All right so 16 boxes. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16. These are all next to each other now so you guys can see. Here's your 16 boxes. Yeah Palo for sure. Palo I say is pretty like head and shoulders above everybody. So much crown because I wanted a Palo kaboom. You end up hitting a kaboom out of this?  That's gonna work Trevor Keels. One of one platinum foil. Going to the mix. Jim, congrats buddy. That'll work. One of one Trevor Keels rookie. Hell yeah. What a start dude. First box. One of one rookie. Take it. Take those. Jimmy Butler, Devin Booker, Keegan Murray rookie, and Nicolay Jovic. Bought a whole case worth and never hit one. Geez dude. Pascal Siakam. There's a Kmart senior to 75. Kenyon Martin going the nuggets. And a Jdub for the thunder on the rookie jersey. Yeah kicking it off right is right man. Trevor Keels 101 that's okay. I was gonna say that's your squad too.  That'll work.  I like the Kmart. I'm in on that. I'm in on Kmart autos. Don't kaboom in this one yet. Jake Laravia rookie. Simons Curry, Jalen Suggs, Nicolay Jovic pink to 75. Knicks Yanks. Really? No Giants or Jets. I'm kind of surprised. Chet Holmgren rookie and AJ Griffin. That's still of the draft AJ Griffin right there Sean. It's going to Jim in the Hawks. Still a draft AJ Griffin. Keldon Johnson, Knights of the Round Table game used Jersey. Oh yeah, RIP Kmart, the store, the chain. How a lot of 75 from Trash Autos. Next to the experts you guys don't ask. Who, Jalen, how ya doing rookie? Keldon Johnson, Malcolm Brogdon. Got Deontay Murray to 75. That is a Michael Porter Jr.  And purple, Jake Crossover going to the Clippers. Congrats Jim. Jamal Crawford. Delphine picking up a couple of spots for gold standard. Very nice. Thank you. Mellow, code of arms game used Jersey. What's up Zach? How we doing buddy? Zach, so many pro set hitters I stole from KB Toys. Mackie Smat, Sexton Baldwin, and this. That is going to be Clay Thompson in 99. Dallin Terry on the crystals. This is dope dude. Going to the Pistons. Adrian Dantley, 38 of 99. Congrats Detroit. That's sick. Part of the bad. Well no, was he part of the bad boys? Secondly, he got traded. He was part of the Aguire trade. Z-Cabrera, cheese from Marybore. Nice one there. Only human ever dunk on you, Jay Blason. Cheese man. There's Lamello. Yeah, I was going to say it was before them, but he was Hall of Fame. Because I remember he was in the Bad Boys 30 for 30. And it was like, I'd say Thomas was the one who wanted to praise Dantley. I remember that. Dantley kind of screwed. But it went and averaged like 30 in freaking Utah one year. It was unreal. Jay and Ivy Rookie and Marcus Smart. That is 49. Trevor Kiehl's Chris Paul. And Alex Caruso, 6 of 10. Going to the Bulls. The Caruso. And Jaylin Howie Duren airs to the throne for the Pistons. Two cases left in a select. And I got nothing. Next pocket set of Lebron color. Of course, dude. Come on, let's go. Let's go, Carl. Shade on gold on cut. That's actually pretty nasty. Yeah, that'll work just fine. The gold sharp. Yiddie, Kat, Christian Brown. He's got O'Shaik Bajie to 99. Jaylin Brunson and Colin Gillespie to 35. The freaking most annoying college player at Villanova. Because how good he was.  And then Kauai Leonard. Knights of the Round Table game used Jersey. How are you, Duren? That's what I'm saying, right? See, Jim's in, dude. Jim's in on the How are you, Duren? Jim's in, dude. Okay, that's not bad. A nine on that, it's not bad at all. I can't imagine that pop. That's going to be a very high pop. AD, Jason Tatum, Dame, and Tyrese Halliburton. Hey, Patrick Baldwin Jr. to 75. Jaylin Suggs and Wendell Moore Jr. to 99 for the T-Wolves. That's Minnesota on the Rookie Otto. And Code of Arms, Franz Wagner. Game used Jersey for the magic. That's halfway through the case right here. Pop two, none higher. Geez, man.  So there's a lot of championship hopes for that team.  They traded everybody to get Drew. Out to get Dame, I mean. To 25 is Dallin Terry. Jaylin Duren to 49. And Otto Shadon Sharp to 99. Congrats, Blazers. Going to Jim. There you go, buddy. Nice one there on the Shadon Otto to 99. That's what I would say. And then Aries to the Throne is David Erati, Rookie Jersey. Yeah, we'll take a Shadon Otto for sure. Hell yeah, man. Love me some Shadon Sharp. I'll see a Gold Kaboom out of this, dude. That'd be sick. Jovic Rookie. Jaylin Duren Rookie. And Keldon Johnson. We've got a Moussa Diavate to 99. A Jaylin, again, howya Duren, our, uh, Crystal's Auto. And RJ Barrett to 49. Regal achievement. 20 points per game, 21-22. Again, for the Knicks, that's on card. Congrats on that. Yeah, I know what I was going to say. He does, man. Shadon's going to be good. Buddy Heald, game used Jersey for the Pacers. Yeah, we'll take RJ Barrett for sure, man. Absolutely. That's on card RJ as well, which is awesome. All right, subbonus. Jabari Smith, Rookie. I would assume Moon Kevin Porter Jr. That's a Cole Anthony. Purple to 25. That's probably Palo out of Chronicle Draft. He pulled me that with color number match. That's not bad. Also sends PSA. He's pulling me up Marjan. Oh, nice. Let's go Jay Blazin. Hell yeah, man. Jem, oh yeah. Keegan Murray Rookie. That is a Pink. James Worthy. Big game, James to 49. Going to Lakers. That's awesome, dude. Love me some James Worthy. And Ares to the Throw, Max Christie. Rookie, Jersey. I'll see a big silhouette come out of one of these now, too. makings for a big kaboom for sure. Yolketsch, Donovan Mitchell, Ja and Shade on Sherp. That is going to be a Pillars of the Game to 99. Vince Carter. We've got Brandon Ingram and Malachi Branham. Future Kings to 49 for the Spurs. Max Christie's an heir to Wether. I don't know. Evidently the Throne. The Throne. Another buddy healed for the Pacers. That's good. I'm tired of him putting him in my draftings lineups. He stinks. Well, he doesn't stink, but stinks in drafting sometimes. Andrew Wiggins. Tyler Hero. Drew Holiday. Walker Kessler Rookie. Got a Blake Wesley to 99. Redemption. Now it's a redemption. Well, we got a Dame. And then redemption. We'll use a Dame for it. Rookie Silhouettes. Card number 110. Andrew Nemar. Going to the Pacers. Congrats there, Indiana. Andrew at Nemhard. Pacers. Did I say downtown? There you go. And Deandre Aten. Game use Jersey for the Suns. The Suns. Come on, Kaboom. Where you at? Giannis. Jimmy Butler. Devin Booker. And Keegan Murray.  That is a test of time. KD to 99 for the Nets. Jha to 75. Grizzlies. And Jaden Hardy to 99 for the Mabs. Congrats, Dallas. Nice one there, Jim. Our solid rookie auto. Jaden Hoddy. And Christian Wood also for Dallas. Game use Jersey. Silhouette-ish. Silhouette-y. Jayran Kawai. David Roddy. RJ Barrett. That's nice. To 99 is Marjon Bochamp. Zach Levine on the crystals. All right, another nice one. Going to you, Jim. True silhouette to 199. Jaden Ivy. Congrats on that one, man. That'll work. There you go, Jim. Very solid. Take that all day. Take that all day. Get that into a mag as well. And then EJ Liddell. Three of 25. Three colored rookie patch. That will very much play. Yes, it will very much play. Yeah, not bad. Not bad, Jim. We'll take that. We'll take that. Oh, that's a gold kaboom. That is a gold kaboom. Gold kaboom. Gold kaboom. Jaden Ivy. Wow, Marcus Smart. Oh boy. Oh boy. Oh boy. Usman Zhang to 99. Lamello Ball. Crystals. All right, we've got a Bogdan Bogdanovich to 99 for the Hawks. Nice one there. We've got a, this is pretty cool, John Lucas. I like that to 99 for the Rockets. Congrats on that, Rockets. Let me pick this up as well. Like I said, that's a gold. Steph Curry on the Game Use Jersey. Monarch. Gold kaboom to 10. Trey Young. Let's go, man. Going to the Hawks. Jim L. Come on, baby. Wait, is that not numbered? No, it is. Right there. Okay. Six of 10. Thank God. Hell yeah, man. So just to say, the base PSA 10 of this did 1,300 recently on bid. Let's go Jim. Congrats, man. Jim L with the Atlanta Hawks. That's disgusting. Disgusting. Whoo, baby. It's the only, I've ripped probably 20 cases of crown this year. Only one I've pulled. Have not pulled one out of this. Not pulled the gold kaboom out of basketball this year. Unreal, dude. Massive, massive hit right there. Massive hit. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Jim, you got it, man. Congrats, buddy. Congrats. I know you're a Nick's fan. I'm a Hawks fan. So all I got to say is this in the garden right here. Yeah. No, that's true. That's true, Rory. That's very true. Jalen Brown, Kate Cunningham, Jalen Williams Rookie, and Tari Eason Rookie. That is nice. That is going to be a pillars of the game LeBron to 25. Very nice. A blue Zion to 99. And Jeremy Sohan to 75 on the rookie auto. Going to the Spurs. Jim again. Not bad. And then Ben Simmons for the nets on the jersey. Congrats on that as well, Brooklyn. Had to pull out the Trey Young in the garden. The Trey Young in the garden, baby. Love that. All right. Let's do a quick recap here, guys. Great, great, great case. Absolutely. Thank you again, Jim. Steph Curry. That is EJ Liddell, Christian Wood, Deandre Ait and Buddy Heald. Max Christie, Buddy Heald again. David Roddy, Franz Wagner, Kauai Leonard, Jalen Durin, Lamello Ball, Carmelo Anthony, Keldon Johnson and J-Dub. Autos. We had Jeremy Sohan, John Lucas, Bogdan Boganovich, Jaden Hardy, Future Kings, Branham, Andrew Nemhardt, James Worthy, RJ Barrett, Wendell Moore Jr., Colin Gillespie, Alex Caruso, Adrian Dantley, Jamal Crawford, A.J. Griffin, Kenyon Martin. And then our Magd cards. Very solid overall. We had a shade on sharp to 99 for the Blazers. Jaden Ivy on the silhouette to 199. A one-of-one Trevor Keels on the rookie and then a Gold Shray Young Kaboom, 6 of 10 for the Hawks. Which looks pretty good overall, I would say. Pretty solid. So congrats on that, Jim. That's awesome, dude. That'll do it for the break, everybody. Thanks again for the fill. Coming up next, we've got some 10 bucks Tuesday.


Hi you guys, Lindsay here. Welcome back to my channel, Inside to Him. So you guys know my love, hate, torturous relationship that I've had with rotary cutters. I don't know what it was for all those years that I bought all those rotary cutters and was never able to get any of them to work. I don't know. It obviously is me. It's not like I could purchase that many and they were all defective. Like that literally makes no sense. But for whatever reason, I was not supposed to use rotary cutters for that time in my life. And all I can say is that now I am making up for lost time because I have three rotary cutters that I absolutely adore all for different reasons. So I thought I would do a video today to explain to you some of the differences in rotary cutters are definitely not all created equal. And so I wanted to let you know some of the different options and features that are out there. So that if you love rotary cutting as much as I do, if that's how you prefer to cut out your pattern pieces, then you could find a rotary cutter that makes the most sense for whatever projects that it is that you are working on. So all of these are made by Kai. Kai makes incredible cutting tools.   Okay, so the very first one I'm going to talk to you about is this little purple and like teal green one. This is the RX-45. And you may be wondering what in the world is that little contraption hanging out the side of it? Well, this rotary cutter is a 45 inch blade, 45 not inch, that would be humongous, 45 millimeter blade.  So it's a little way, a little precaution for you to not hurt yourself with it.   I'm sorry. But anyways, so in its original form, it is pretty standard. I will say the grip of it is really, really nice. It's got like a rubberized grip, which is really comfortable on my hand. But this is what makes it so cool. It's a very, very simple concept that someone who has been using rotary blades for a really long time thought, you know what? It would be so easy for us just to add this little doodad thing here and it would make it easier for those of us who are quilting, I think. I think this is mostly best for quilters. So you can see the cutter has this little hole in it.  And then there's little notches in the black thing for different quarter measurements. And then on this end is a little ball.  So you only have to measure one line.  Isn't that so smart? Like I said, it's not that like ingenious of an idea. It's just somebody was just using their brain one day and said, this is all it would take to eliminate all of that measuring. So I really thought that that was cool and neat. And I've tried it out on my own bias strips, not on this top, but on my last Willow tank top, the yellow and blue one, I made my own bias strips for the neckline and the arm side and use this to cut them all out, which was really, really great. So that's option one, Kai RX45. The next two are similar but different. So you can see they look the same in terms of like color and style and stuff. And I talked about the 5045 in my favorites video. I'm going to reshare all my thoughts with you about it now in addition to its little mini counterpart. So some things that make these two super cool are a it has this protective cover. So if you have children or cats, percocious pets that can easily get their hands on this and possibly do some damage, you might like this because it actually has a cap. It doesn't lock in place or anything. So you're like child protective lock, but it is one extra precaution that you have to take. In addition to that, I mean, it does it does lock in a little bit. I don't know how strong kids or cats are, but you can hear it does lock in place. The other thing is unlike your traditional rotary cutter where you have to push in and up to release the blade, on these you don't have that. That features, there's nothing there. It only engages the blade whenever you press down on it. But you see the black rim, that's the safety on it. And when you push down that black slides back and then you can use your rotary cutter like so.  You can never do that. That's not an option. It'll always have the safety on if you're not touching it. So that's really cool. The other thing that's really nice is on the back, there is a soft, too hard, like switchy little scale thing. And that is intended to work harder, not smart, I mean work smarter, not harder. The rotary cutter will work for you. So if you have a lightweight fabric, like silk or shally or something like that, you can move it to the soft setting and that will just make the rotary blade not engage so much. And then if you move it all the way to hard, like if you were using denim or upholstery fabrics or something like that, then the rotary blade is going to work really hard for you and you don't have to press down as much. The rotary cutter is going to do a lot of that for you. There's also a middle ground there, which I use for like mid-weight fabrics, like cottons and things of that nature. So you can switch between them if you'd like and just have the rotary do a little bit more of the work for you so that you're not really having to press down all that much. The tension in the blade mechanism is going to be doing a lot of the work for you. In comparison, you can see about the grips, so you can tell this one's a lot more ergonomic with the rubber handle. This one, not so much, I mean it's just like a plastic thing, but I haven't noticed totally, like I do like that it's rounded on the end that fits into the cup of my hand really well, but you know, I haven't noticed it being too much of a problem, but it's definitely not as comfortable as the other one. So I'll tell you about these two if you can only get one and you can't get both of them. It's tough. I really, really love this Mac Daddy one because it is weightier, like it just feels more substantial and it's just like slicing, it's like a warm knife through butter honestly, but this little guy is so great for all those little like arm size and collars. You know how pattern pieces can have those little itty-bitty curves in there and this just doesn't navigate those curves as well as this one. So if you're sewing children's clothes, doll clothes, if you're sewing a lot of garments that have those kinds of concave and convex curves, maybe invest in this one and see how you like it, but I'm telling you for like like hems and waistbands and side seams, you're just like zipping through them with this. There's just like nothing like it. Get both if you can, but if you can only get one, you got to pick one based on the kind of projects you're working on most often unfortunately. And then if you're doing a bunch of quilting or something where you need a lot of strips of things, I highly recommend this one. This little tool is so fun and so just smart. I love when people do smart things that make my life easier, right? Like thank you. Thank you for thinking. Thank you for thinking like I would even though I had never considered my brain doesn't work in an inventors kind of way like that. So I appreciate that, but so Kai has other rotary blades, rotary cutters as well that I've just never ever tried. So let me know if you have any of those other ones and what you think of those. I'll also tell you they sell their own blades so you don't ever have to worry about getting like knockoff blades that are cheap that aren't going to last. I have been using these non-stop since I got them maybe three months ago and they're all holding up and you guys know how much I sew. So keep that in mind. So but I love that they sell their own blades so that you're not getting like a really good cutter and then it not really working for you because the blades are cheap. You know what I'm saying? So I will have links in the description box for these three rotary cutters as well as their entire library of rotary cutters. There's also a coupon code for you guys to use as well. So be sure to check the description box for all of that information and go get you some rotary cutters and let me know how you like them. That's gonna do it for me today. I will see you all very soon. Bye!