Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States, and Mrs. Reagan. My goodness, it's wonderful to see all of you again. And I wish to thank Frank and Maureen for getting us all together. And I'd like to extend a very special greeting to my own State Chairman, Bob Naylor, and say happy birthday, Bob. And a special thanks to each and every one of you. Your role as party leaders is not always an easy one. And I appreciate that all that you do on my behalf and for the Republican Party. These are exciting days for us. The presidential campaign is getting underway. And if you've been watching the TV debates, I think the contrast and the candidates of the two parties and their political philosophies is pretty clear. And clear not just to you and me. It's most important the American people are hearing from the Democratic presidential candidates the same tired lines they've heard from Democratic senators and congressmen ever since I took office. We want to cut taxes. They want to raise them. We send in a budget with spending cuts. They call it dead on arrival. We want the balanced budget amendment and the line item veto and they oppose them. We want tough anti-crime legislation. They hold it up for three years in the Congress. We want judges who are firm with criminals. And the Democrats' record of past judicial appointments on this point speaks for itself. We want a prayer amendment. They won't let it come to a vote. We stress firmness with the Soviets. They try to pass legislation that would tie our hands in arms negotiations. The point about all of this is how long it's gone on. Time and again over the past seven years on issue after issue the American people have seen the contrast between the two parties. I think an image of our opponents as the party of high taxes, big spending and weak foreign policy is embedded now in the consciousness of the American people. An image that contrasts very favorably with our party which has brought America its longest peacetime economic expansion and its most significant foreign policy breakthroughs in a long time. All of this is starting to sink in with the American public. But don't get me wrong. The members of the other party aren't yet aware of the bind that seven years of opposition to our policies has put them in with the American public. In fact, some of those folks on the other side are talking pretty confidently about a Democratic party victory in November. Well, forgive me, but you know that reminds me a little bit of a story about Napoleon. On the morning of Waterloo, he had breakfast with his generals. And Napoleon said, I tell you Wellington is a bad general. The English are bad soldiers. We'll settle the matter by lunchtime. Waterloo. Well, I think you know what I mean. 1988 is an unparalleled opportunity for Republicans not only the presidency, not only the presidency but the Congress as well. You see, we need to activate the American people. They're ready for a strong message from our party about the contrast in our approaches to government. We need to show them what the future would be like if our policies were replaced with those of our opponents. As you know, in the Senate, we need only five seats to regain control. And believe me, the last year has taught me how important it is to have key chairmen ships back in Republican control. If we hadn't had the Senate for those six years while they had the House, we wouldn't have been able to do very many of the things that we were able to accomplish. And now it's back to them with both ways. In the House, the opportunity is also there for a real change. In addition to leaving the next president of Congress that will work with him, not against him, we have to focus in on our governors and state legislatures, especially with that all-important redistricting that's coming up in 1991. You all know how important that is. The Republican congressional vote increased by 500,000 votes in the 1984 election. But the other party won 30 more seats than we did. So you can see the cost of gerrymandering. We need to make this point, too, to the American people. They've been in charge for more than 50 years now of the reapportionment every 10 years. And when I saw what they did when I was governor of California, I had to say the only Republican district they left was south of the border. They have a sense of fairness. The people, and I think they're not going to like the idea of our electoral system being tampered with the way it has been.  As you and I bring our message to the country, we will also be able to advance our case for the unfinished business of this administration. The vote coming up soon on the contrary is vital to the cause of freedom in this hemisphere and to the national security of this nation. So, too, the INF Treaty, the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement, and the approval of Judge Kennedy's appointment to the Supreme Court are on the docket early this year. In each of these battles, I'm going to need your help, just as I'm going to need your help to continue building on the great foundation that the Republican Party has built during the 1980s. It's this legacy of conservative ideals, of international respect, fiscal restraint, and pride in America that all of you did so much to make the story of this decade. Your support over the last seven years has been critical to many of our successes. Already there are those who are trying to call this decade a time of greed or selfishness. A lot of the liberals who were proved wrong about our policies now want to rewrite history and make our economic success sound like a small or a narrow thing. The truth is that in this decade, we saw tremendous progress economically for all classes of Americans, but especially for the poor and the minorities, contrary to what those other candidates are saying out there. I'm proud, for example, that black family income went up 40 percent faster than the income for other families. This kind of reminds me of what one publication, sympathetic to Germany here in America, wrote before the outbreak of World War II, when it was trying to counter American sympathies for Great Britain. This is what was written. Quite a number of people describe the German classical author Shakespeare as belonging to English literature because quite accidentally born at Stratford on Avon, he was forced by the authorities of that country to write English. Well, as I say, our great ally in all of this is the American people.  With all of us working together, that's exactly the kind of future we can give them. We've already begun the work on the foundation. And I want you to know that I'll be with you and Maureen and Frank every inch of the way. The time is ripe for us Republicans to retain the Oval Office, take control of the Senate, and make surprising gains in the House of Representatives. We've come so far together. Let's finish the job. Now, I've said the things that the American people know, but I've been amazed recently in a dinner table conversation here and there with people that are well informed as you are and that you think would be aware of what I'm now going to tell you, but I've been amazed at how few people have really given thought to some figures that have to be changed and fairness alone, of which the American people are so capable. If they know the story, I think will be of help to us. 57 years. Over these 57 years, the Democrats have had the House of Representatives for 53 of those 57 years. The Senate, they've had for 47 of those 53 years. The only time that a Democratic president had a Republican Congress was for one two-year term out of the eight years of Harry Truman. All the other Democratic presidents in all those years have had Democratic Congresses. The Republicans, only one Republican president up until 1980 or through 1980, only one Republican president had a Republican Congress for two of his eight years, Eisenhower. All the rest of the Republican presidents have served with Democratic Congresses. Beginning with 81, I did have the Senate, as mentioned before, for six years, but now we're back for the last two with them having both Houses of the Congress. Now, some people believe that part of our checks and balances system is based in the idea of a Congress of one party and a president of the other. That isn't true at all. And what we have to show to the American people, I don't think they are aware that this has been going on and that in all of these 57 years, only eight times, eight single years, has the budget been balanced. And they have the nerve then to say that the unbalanced budget, the deficit spending, is our fault. The president can't spend the nickel, except of his own money. They have been responsible all these years. And do you remember for more than a half a century when we protested, they said, it's necessary for prosperity and it doesn't matter because we owe it to ourselves. Well, now the time has come. So I think that if we can convince the people of what's been going on, then I think just sheer fairness may turn some of this around for us. And certainly we need it turned around. And now somebody else here on the platform, and I just brought her some good news tonight. Every year they survey the college freshmen in this country. That means the kids that are 18 years of age. And they survey them on a matter of how would they feel about legalizing marijuana. Ten years ago in 1977, 53% of them said yes to legalized marijuana. 1987, only 20% of them. I want to thank you and I want to say you know that old saying that politics makes strange bedfellows. She's been traveling around the country so much I can tell you it breaks up. Bedfellows. Thank you all and God bless you.


This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org, narrated by Sean McKinley. The Book of Tobias, the 17th book of the Dwecham Bible. This book takes its name from the holy man Tobias, whose wonderful virtues are herein recorded. It contains most excellent documents of great piety, extraordinary patience, and of a perfect resignation to the will of God. His humble prayer was heard, and the angel Raphael was sent to relieve him. He is thankful and praises the Lord, calling on the children of Israel to do the same. Having lived to the age of 102 years, he exhorts his son and grandsons to piety, foretells the destruction of Nineveh, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem. He dies happily. Tobias, Chapter 1 Tobias's early piety, his works of mercy, particularly in bearing the dead. Tobias of the tribe and city of Neth-Tali, which is in the upper parts of Galilee above Nason, beyond the way that leadeth to the west, having on the right hand the city of Sefet. When he was made captive in the days of Salmanisar, King of the Assyrians, even in his captivity forsook not the way of truth, but every day gave all he could to his brethren, his fellow captives, that were his kindred. And when he was younger than any of the tribe of Neth-Tali, yet did he know childish thing in his work. Moreover, when all went to the golden calves, which Jeroboam, King of Israel, had made, he alone fled the company of all, and went to Jerusalem to the temple of the Lord, and there adored the Lord God of Israel, offering faithfully all his first fruits and his tithes, so that in the third year he gave all his tithes to the proselytes and strangers. These and such like things did he observe when but a boy according to the law of God. But when he was a man, he took to wife Anna of his own tribe, and had a son by her, whom he called after his own name, and from his infancy he taught him to fear God, and to abstain from all sin. And when by the captivity he with his wife, and his son, and all his tribe, was come to the city of Nineveh, when all eight of the meats of the Gentiles, he kept his soul and never was defiled with their meats, and because he was mindful of the Lord, with all his heart, God gave him favor in the sight of Salmanisar, the king, and he gave him leave to go with or so ever he would, with liberty to do whatever he had a mind. He therefore went to all that were in captivity, and gave them wholesome admonitions, and when he was come to Rages, a city of the Metis, and had ten talents of silver, of that with which he had been honored by the king, and when amongst a great multitude of his kindred, he saw Gabalus in want, who was one of his tribe, taking a note of his hand he gave him the aforesaid sum of money. But after a long time Salmanisar, the king being dead, when Sinacharib, his son, who reigned in his place, had a hatred for the children of Israel. Tobias daily went among his kindred, and comforted them, and distributed to every one as he was able out of his goods. He fed the hungry, and gave clothes to the naked, and was careful to bury the dead, and they that were slain, and when King Sinacharib was come back, fleeing from Judea by reason of the slaughter that God had made about him for his blasphemy, and being angry slew many of the children of Israel. Tobias buried their bodies, but when it was told the king, he commanded him to be slain, and took away all his substance. But Tobias, fleeing naked, away with his son, and with his wife, lay concealed for many loved him. But after forty-five days, the king was killed by his own sons, and Tobias returned to his house, and all his substance was restored to him. Tobias Chapter 2 Tobias leave with his dinner to bury the dead. He looseth his sight by God's permission for manifestation of his patience. But after this, when there was a festival of the Lord, and a good dinner was prepared in Tobias's house, he said to his son, Go and bring some of our tribe that fear God to feast with us. And when he had gone, returning, he told him that one of the children of Israel lay slain in the street, and he forthwith leaped up from his place at the table, and left his dinner, and came fasting to the body, and taking it up, carried it privately to his house. That after the son was down, he might bury him cautiously. And when he had hid the body, he ate bread with mourning and fear, remembering the word which the Lord spoke by Amos the prophet. Your festival days shall be turned into lamentation and mourning. So when the son was down, he went and buried him. Now all his neighbors blamed him, saying, once already commandment was given for thee to be slain because of this matter, and thou didst scarce escape the sentence of death, and dost thou again bury the dead? But Tobias, fearing God more than the king, carried off the bodies of them that were slain, and hid them in his house, and at midnight buried them. Now it happened one day that being wearyed with burying, he came to his house, and cast himself down by the wall, and slept, and as he was sleeping, hot dung out of a swallow's nest fell upon his eyes, and he was made blind. Now this trial the Lord therefore permitted to happen to him, that an example might be given to posterity of his patience, as also of Holy Job. For whereas he had always feared God from his infancy, and kept his commandments, he repined not against God because the evil of blindness had befallen him, but continued immovable in the fear of God, giving thanks to God all the days of his life. For as the kings insulted over Holy Job, so his relations and kinsmen mocked at his life, saying, Where is thy hope for which thou givest alms, and buries the dead? But Tobias rebuked them, saying, Speak not so, for we are the children of saints, and look for that life which God will give to those that never changed their faith from him. Now Anna, his wife, went daily to weaving work, and she brought home what she could get for their living by the labor of her hands. Whereby it came to pass that she received a young kid, and brought it home, and when her husband heard it bleeding, he said, Take heed, lest perhaps it be stolen, Restore ye it to its owners, for it is not lawful for us either to eat or to touch anything that cometh by theft. At these words his wife being angry answered, It is evident the hope is come to nothing, and thy alms now appear, and with these and other such like words she upgraded him. Notes for verse 15, referring to the kings. So Job's three friends are here called, because they were princes in their respective territories. Tobias chapter 3. The prayer of Tobias and of Sarah, and their several afflictions are heard by God, and the angel Raphael is sent to relieve them. Then Tobias sighed, and began to pray with tears, saying, Thou art just, O Lord, and all thy judgments are just, and all thy ways mercy, and truth, and judgment. And now, O Lord, think of me, and take not revenge of my sins, neither remember my offenses, nor those of my parents. For we have not obeyed thy commandments, therefore are we delivered to spoil and to captivity and death, and are made a fable and a reproach to all nations amongst which thou hast scattered us. And now, O Lord, great are thy judgments, because we have not done according to thy precepts, and have not walked sincerely before thee. And now, O Lord, do with me according to thy will, and command my spirit to be received in peace, for it is better for me to die than to live. Now it happened on the same day that Sarah, daughter of Raguel, in Rages, a city of the Midas, received a reproach from one of her father's servant-maids. Because she had been given to seven husbands and a devil named Asmodeus had killed them at their first going in unto her. So when she reproved of the maid for her fault, she answered her, saying, May we never see son or daughter of thee upon the earth thou murderer of thy husbands, while thou kill me also, as thou hast already killed seven husbands. At these words she went into an upper chamber of her house, and for three days and three nights did neither eat nor drink, but continuing in prayer with tears besought God that he would deliver her from this reproach. And it came to pass on the third day when she was making an end of her prayer, blessing the Lord, she said, Blessed is thy name, O God of our fathers, who when thou hast been angry will show mercy, and in the time of tribulation forgivest the sins of them that call upon thee. To thee, O Lord, I turn my face, to thee I direct my eyes. I beg, O Lord, that thou loose me from the bond of this reproach, or else take me away from the earth. Thou knowest, O Lord, that I never coveted a husband, and have kept my soul clean from all lust. Never have I joined myself with them that play. Neither have I made myself partaker with them that walk in likeness. But a husband I consented to take, with thy fear, not with my lust. And either I was unworthy of them, or they perhaps were not worthy of me. Because perhaps thou hast kept me for another man, for thy counsel is not in man's power. But this everyone is sure of that worship thee, that his life, if it be under trial, shall be crowned, and if it be under tribulation, it shall be delivered. And if it be under correction, it shall be allowed to come to thy mercy. For thou art not delighted in our being lost, because after a storm thou makeest a calm. And after tears and weeping, thou poorest in joyfulness. Be thy name, O God of Israel, blessed forever. At that time the prayers of them both were heard in the sight of the glory of the Most High God. And the Holy Angel of the Lord, Raphael, was sent to heal them both, whose prayers at one time were rehearsed in the sight of the Lord. Notes for verse 7, referring to Rages. In the Greek it is ekbatana, which was also called Rages, for there were two cities in Medea of the name of Rages. Raguel dwelt in one of them, and Gabolus in the other. Tobias Chapter 4 Tobias thinking he shall die, giveth his son godly admonitions, and telleth him of money he had lent to a friend. Therefore when Tobias thought that his prayer was heard that he might die, he called to him to bias his son, and said to him, Here, my son, the words of my mouth, and lay them as a foundation in thy heart.  For thou must be mindful what and how great perils she suffered for thee in her womb, and when she also shall have ended the time of her life, bury her by me. And all the days of thy life have God in thy mind, and take heed thou never consent to sin, nor transgress the commandments of the Lord our God. Give alms out of thy substance, and turn not away thy face from any poor person, for so it shall come to pass that the face of the Lord shall not be turned from thee. According to thy ability, be merciful. If thou have much, give abundantly. If thou have little, take care even so to be so willingly little. For thus thou storest up to thyself a good reward for the day of necessity. For alms deliver from all sin and from death, and will not suffer the soul to go into darkness. Alms shall be a great confidence before the Most High God to all them that give it. Take heed to keep thyself, my son, from all fornication, and beside thy wife never endure to know a crime. Never suffer pride to reign in thy mind or in thy words, for from it all perdition took its beginning. If any man had done any work for thee, immediately pay him his hire, and let not the wages of thy hired servant stay with thee at all. See thou never do to another what thou wouldst hate to have done to thee by another. Eat thy bread with the hungry and the needy, and with thy garments cover the naked. Lay out thy bread and thy wine upon the burial of a just man, and do not eat and drink thereof with the wicked. Seek counsel always of a wise man. Bless God at all times, and desire of him to direct thy ways, and that all thy councils may abide in him. I tell thee also, my son, that I lent ten talents of silver, while thou wasst yet a child, to Gabolus enrages a city of the Midas, and I have a note of his hand with me. Now therefore inquire how thou mayest go to him, and receive of him the foresaid sum of money, and restore to him the note of his hand. Fear not, my son, we lead indeed a poor life. But we shall have many good things if we fear God, and depart from all sin, and do that which is good. Tobias Chapter 5 Young Tobias, seeking a guide for his journey, the angel Raphael, in shape of a man, undertaketh this office. Then Tobias answered his father, and said, I will do all things, Father, which thou hast commanded me. But how I shall get this money I cannot tell. He knoweth not me, and I know not him. What token shall I give him? Nor did I ever know the way which leadeth thither. Then his father answered him, and said, I have a note of his hand with me, which when thou shalt show him, he will presently pay it. But to go now, and seek thee out some faithful man, to go with thee for his hire, that thou mayest receive it, while I yet live. Then Tobias going forth found a beautiful young man, standing girded, as it were, ready to walk. And not knowing that he was an angel of God, he saluted him, and said, From whence art thou, good young man? But he answered, of the children of Israel. And Tobias said to him, Knowest thou the way that leadeth to the country of the Midas? And he answered, I know it, and I have often walked through all the ways thereof, and I have abode with Gabolus, our brother, who dwelleth at Rages, a city of the Midas, which is situated in the mount of Ekbatana. And Tobias said to him, Stay for me, I beseech thee, till I tell these same things to my father. Then Tobias, going in, told all these things to his father, upon which his father, being in admiration, desired that he would come in unto him. So going in he saluted him, and said, Joy, be to thee always. And Tobias said, What manner of joy shall be to me, who sit in darkness, and not see the light of heaven? And the young man said to him, Be of good courage, Thy cure from God is at hand. And Tobias said to him, Canst thou conduct my son to Gabolus at Rages, a city of the Midas? And when thou shalt return, I will pay thee thy hire. And the angel said to him, I will conduct him thither, and bring him back to thee. And Tobias said to him, I pray thee, Tell me, of what family, or what tribe art thou? And Raphael the angel answered, Does thou seek the family of him, Thou hirest, or the hired servant himself, to go with thy son? But lest I should make thee uneasy, I am Azarius, son of the great Ananias. And Tobias answered, Thou art of a great family, But I pray thee, be not angry, that I desire to know thy family. And the angel said to him, I will lead thy son safe, and bring him to thee again safe. And Tobias answering said, May you have a good journey, and God be with you in your way, and his angel accompany you. Then all things being ready that were to be carried in their journey, Tobias bade his father and his mother farewell, and they set out both together. And when they were departed, his mother began to weep and to say, Thou hast taken the staff of our old age, and sent him away from us. I wish the money for which Thou hast sent him had never been, for our poverty was sufficient for us, that we might account it as riches, that we saw our son. And Tobias said to her, Weep not, our son will arrive thither safe, and will return safe to us, and thy eyes shall see him, for I believe that the good angel of God doth accompany him, and doth order all things well that are done about him, so that he shall return to us with joy. At these words his mother ceased weeping and held her peace. Notes for verse 18, referring to Azarius. The angel took the form of Azarius, and therefore might call himself by the name of the man whom he personated. Azarius, in Hebrew, signifies the help of God, and Ananias, the grace of God. By the angel's advice young Tobias taketh hold on a fish that assaulteth him, reserveth the heart, the gall, and the liver for medicines. They lodge at the house of Raguel, whose daughter Sarah, Tobias is to marry. She had before been married to seven husbands who were all slain by a devil. And Tobias went forward, and the dog followed him, and he lodged the first night by the river of Tigris, and he went out to wash his feet, and behold a monstrous fish came up to devour him, and Tobias, being afraid of him, cried out with a loud voice, saying, Sir, he cometh upon me. And the angel said to him, Take him by the gill, and draw him to thee. And when he had done so, he drew him out upon the land, and he began to pant before his feet. Then the angel said to him, Take out the entrails of this fish, and lay up his heart, and his gall, and his liver for thee, for these are necessary for useful medicines. And when he had done so, he roasted the flesh thereof, and they took it with them in the way. The rest they salted as much as might serve them, till they came to Rages, the city of the Metis. Then Tobias asked the angel, and said to him, I beseech thee, brother Azarius. Tell me what remedies these things are good for, which thou hast bid me keep of the fish. And the angel answering said to him, If thou put a little piece of its heart upon coals, the smoke thereof driveeth away all kind of devils, either from man or from woman, so that they can no more come to them. And the gall is good for anointing the eyes, in which there is a white speck, and they shall be cured. And Tobias said to him, Where wilt thou that we lodge? And the angel answering said, Here is one whose name is Raguel, a near kinsman of thy tribe, and he hath a daughter named Sarah, but he hath no son nor any other daughter besides her. All his substance is due to thee, and thou must take her to wife. Ask her therefore of her father, and he will give her thee to wife. Then Tobias answered and said, I hear that she hath been given to seven husbands, and they all died. Moreover, I have heard that a devil killed them.  Then the angel Raphael said to him, Hear me, and I will show thee who they are over whom the devil can prevail. For they who in such manner receive matrimony as to shut out God from themselves and from their mind and to give themselves to their lust as the horse and mule which have not understanding over them the devil hath power. But thou, when thou shalt take her, go into the chamber, and for three days keep thyself continent from her, and give thyself to nothing else but to prayers with her. And on that night lay the liver of the fish on the fire, and the devil shall be driven away. But the second night thou shalt be admitted into the Society of the Holy Patriarchs, and the third night thou shalt obtain a blessing that sound children may be born of you. And when the third night is passed, thou shalt take the Virgin with the fear of the Lord, moved rather for love of children than for lust, that in the seed of Abraham thou mayest obtain a blessing in children. Notes for verses eight through nineteen, referring to the heart, the gall, and the liver of the fish. God was pleased to give these things a virtue against those proud spirits, to make them who affected to be like the most high, subject to such mean corporal creatures as instruments of his power.  That is, to the place where the souls of the good were kept before the coming of Christ. They are kindly entertained by Raguel. Tobias demanded Sarah to wife. And they went into Raguel, and Raguel received them with joy. And Raguel, looking upon Tobias, said to Anna his wife, How like is this young man to my cousin? And when he had spoken these words he said, When are ye young men our brethren? But they said, We are of the tribe of Neftali, of the captivity of Nineveh. And Raguel said to them, Do you know Tobias, my brother? And they said, We know him. And when he was speaking many good things of him, the angel said to Raguel, Tobias concerning whom thou inquirest is this young man's father. And Raguel went to him, and kissed him with tears and weeping upon his neck, said, A blessing be upon thee, my son, because thou art the son of a good and most virtuous man. And Anna, his wife, and Sarah their daughter wept. And after they had spoken Raguel commanded a sheep to be killed, and a feast to be prepared. And when he desired them to sit down to dinner, Tobias said, I will not eat nor drink here this day, unless thou first grant me my petition, and promise to give me Sarah thy daughter. Now when Raguel heard this he was afraid. Knowing what had happened to those seven husbands that went in unto her, and he began to fear lest it might happen to him also, in like manner. And as he was in suspense and gave no answer to his petition, the angel said to him, Be not afraid to give her to this man, for to him who feareth God is thy daughter due to be his wife, therefore another could not have her. Then Raguel said, I doubt not, but God hath regarded my prayers and tears in his sight, and I believe he hath therefore made you come to me, that this maid might be married to one of her own kindred, according to the law of Moses. And now doubt not, but I will give her to thee. And taking the right hand of his daughter, he gave it into the right hand of Tobias, saying, The God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob be with you, and may he join you together, and fulfill his blessing in you. And taking paper, they made a writing of the marriage. And afterwards they made Mary, blessing God. And Raguel called to him, Anna his wife, and bade her to prepare another chamber. And she brought Sarah her daughter in thither, and she wept. And she said to her, Be of good cheer, my daughter, The Lord of heaven, give thee joy for the trouble thou hast undergone. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Narrated by Sean McKinley. The Book of Tobias. The Seventeenth Book of the Duecham Bible. Tobias, Chapter Eight. Tobias burneth part of the fish's liver, and Raphael bindeth the devil. Tobias and Sarah pray. And after they had supped, they brought in the young man to her.  Then the angel Raphael took the devil, and bound him in the desert of upper Egypt. Then Tobias exhorted the virgin and said to her, Sarah, arise and let us pray to God today and tomorrow and the next day, because for these three nights we are joined to God. And when the third night is over, we will be in our own wedlock. For we are the children of saints, and we must not be joined together like heathens that know not of God. So they both rose and prayed earnestly, both together, that health might be given them. And Tobias said, Lord God of our fathers, may the heavens and the earth and the sea and the fountains and the rivers and all thy creatures that are in them bless thee. Thou madest Adam of the slime of the earth, and gave us him Eve for a helper. And now, Lord, thou knowest that not for fleshly lust do I take my sister to wife, but only for the love of posterity in which thy name may be blessed forever and ever. Sarah also said, Have mercy on us, O Lord, have mercy on us, and let us grow old both together in health.  Raguel ordered his servants to be called for, and they went with him together to dig a grave. For he said, Lest perhaps it may have happened to him in like manner as it did to the other seven husbands that went in unto her. And when they had prepared the pit, Raguel went back to his wife and said to her, Send one of thy maids and let her see if he be dead, that I may bury him before it be day. So she sent one of her maid servants who went into the chamber and found them safe and sound, sleeping both together. And, returning, she brought the good news, and Raguel and Anna his wife blessed the Lord, and said, We bless thee, O Lord God of Israel, because it hath not happened as we suspected.  Make them, O Lord, bless thee more fully, and to offer up to thee a sacrifice of thy praise, and of their health that all nations may know that thou alone art God and all the earth.  He caused also two fat kind and four weathers to be killed, and a banquet to be prepared for all his neighbors and all his friends, and Raguel adjured Tobias to abide with him two weeks, and of all things which Raguel possessed he gave one half to Tobias, and made a writing that the half that remained should after their decease come also to Tobias. TOBIAS CHAPTER IX The angel Raphael goeth to Gabolus, receiveeth the money, and bringeth him to the marriage. Then Tobias called the angel to him, whom he took to be a man, and said to him, Brother Azarius, I pray thee, hearken to my words. If I should give myself to be thy servant, I should not make a worthy return for thy care. However, I beseech thee to take with thee beasts and servants, and to go to Gabolus to Rages, the city of the Metis, and to restore to him his note of hand, and receive of him the money, and desire him to come to my wedding. For thou knowest that my father numbereth the days, and if I say one day more his soul will be afflicted. And indeed thou seest how Raguel hath adjured me, whose adjuring I cannot despise. Then Raphael took four of Raguel's servants, and two camels, and went to Rages, the city of the Metis, and finding Gabolus gave him his note of hand, and received of him all the money. And he told him concerning Tobias the son of Tobias, all that had been done, and made him come with him to the wedding. And when he was come into Raguel's house he found Tobias sitting at the table, and he leaped up. And they kissed each other, and Gabolus wept, and blessed God, and said, The God of Israel bless thee, because thou art the son of a very good and just man, and that feareth God, and doth almsdeeds. And may a blessing come upon thy wife, and upon your parents. And may you see your children, and your children's children unto the third and fourth generation. And may your seed be blessed by the God of Israel, who reigneth for ever and ever. And when all had said amen, they went to the feast, but the marriage feast they celebrated also with the fear of the Lord. Tobias Chapter 10 The parents lament the long absence of their son Tobias. He sets out to return. But Tobias made longer stay upon occasion of the marriage. Tobias his father was solicitous, saying, Why thinkest thou doth my son Terry, or why is he detained there? Is Gabolus dead, thinkest thou, and no man will pay him the money? And he began to be exceedingly sad, both he and Anna his wife with him. And they began both to weep together, because their son did not return to them on the day appointed. But his mother wept and was quite disconsolate, and said, Woe! Woe is me, my son! Why did we sin thee to go to a strange country, the light of our eyes, the staff of our old age, the comfort of our life, the hope of our posterity? We, having all things together in thee alone, ought not to have let thee go from us. And Tobias said to her, Hold thy peace, and be not troubled, our son is safe, that man with whom we sent him is very trusty. But she could by no means be comforted. But daily running out looked round about, and went into all the ways by which there seemed any hope he might return, that she might, if possible, see him coming afar off. But Traguel said to his son-in-law, Stay here, and I will send a messenger to Tobias thy father, that thou art in health. And Tobias said to him, I know that my father and mother now count the days, and their spirit is grievously afflicted within them. And when Traguel had pressed Tobias with many words, and he by no means would hearken to him, he delivered Sarah unto him, and half of all his substance in manservants and womenservants, and cattle, and camels, and in kind, and in much money, and sent him away safe and joyful from him, saying, The angel of the Lord be with you in your journey, and bring you through safe, and that you may find all things well about your parents, and my eyes may see your children before I die. And the parents taking their daughter, kissed her, and let her go, admonishing her to honor her father and mother-in-law, to love her husband, to take care of the family, to govern the house, and to behave herself irreprehensibly. Tobias, Chapter 11 Tobias anointed his father's eyes with the fish's gall, and he recovereth his sight. And as they were returning, they came to Charon, which is in the midway to Nineveh, the 11th day. And the angel said, Brother Tobias, thou knowest how thou didst leave thy father. If it please thee, therefore, let us go before, and let the family follow softly after us, together with thy wife and with the beasts. And as this their going pleased him, Raphael said to Tobias, Take with thee of the gall of the fish, for it will be necessary. So Tobias took some of that gall and departed. But Anna sat beside the way daily, on the top of a hill, from whence she might see afar off. And while she watched his coming from that place, she saw him afar off, and presently perceived it was her son coming.  And Raphael said to Tobias, As soon as thou shalt come into thy house, forthwith adore the Lord thy God, and giving thanks to him, go to thy father and kiss him. And immediately anoint his eyes with the gall of the fish, which thou carryest with thee. For be assured that his eyes shall be presently opened, and thy father shall see the light of heaven, and shall rejoice in the sight of thee. Then the dog, which had been with them in the way, ran before, and coming as if he had brought the news, showed his joy by his fawning and wagging his tail. And his father that was blind, rising up, began to run, stumbling with his feet, and giving a servant his hand, went to meet his son. And receiving him, kissed him, as did also his wife, and they began to weep for joy. And when they had adored God, and given him thanks, they sat down together. Then Tobias, taking of the gall of the fish, anointed his father's eyes. And he stayed for about half an hour.  And Tobias took hold of it, and drew it from his eyes, and recovered his sight. And they glorified God, both he and his wife, and all that knew him. And Tobias said, I bless thee, O Lord God of Israel, because thou hast chastised me, and thou hast saved me, and behold, I see Tobias, my son. And after seven days, Sarah, his son's wife, and all the family, arrived safe, and the cattle, and the camels, and an abundance of money of his wife's, and that money also which he had received from Gabolus. And he told his parents all the benefits of God, which he had done to him by the man that conducted him. And Acceor, and Nabath, the kinsmen of Tobias came, and congratulating with him for all the good things that God had done for him. And for seven days they feasted and rejoiced, all with great joy. Notes for verse 9, referring to the dog. This may seem a very minute circumstance to be recorded in sacred history, but as we learn from our Savior, in St. Matthew chapter 5 verse 18, there are iotas and tiddles in the word of God, that is to say, things that appear minute, but which have indeed a deep and mysterious meaning in them. Tobias, chapter 12, Raphael maketh himself known. Then Tobias called to him his son and said to him, What can we give to this holy man that has come with thee? Tobias answering, said to his father, Father, what wages shall we give him? Or what can be worthy of his benefits? He conducted me, and brought me safe again. He received the money of Gabolus, he caused me to have my wife, and he chased from her the evil spirit. He gave joy to her parents. Myself he delivered from being devoured by the fish. Thee also he hath made to see the light of heaven, and we are filled with all good things through him. What can we give him sufficient for these things? But I beseech thee, my father, to desire him, that he would vouchsafe to accept of one half of all things that have been brought. So the father and the son calling him took him aside, and began to desire him that he would vouchsafe to accept of half of all things that they had brought. Then he said to them secretly, Bless thee, the God of heaven. Give glory to him in the sight of all that live, because he hath shown his mercy to you. For it is good to hide the secret of a king, to reveal and confess the works of God. Prayer is good with fasting in alms, more than to lay up treasures of gold. For alms delivereth from death. And the same is that which purgeth away sins, and maketh to find mercy and life everlasting. But they that commit sin and iniquity are enemies to their own soul. I discover then the truth unto you, and I will not hide the secret from you. When thou didst pray with tears, and didst bury the dead, and didst leave thy dinner, and hide the dead by day in thy house, and bury them at night, I offered thy prayer to the Lord. And because thou wast acceptable to God, it was necessary that temptation should prove thee. And now the Lord hath sent me to heal thee, and to deliver Sarah, thy son's wife, from the devil. For I am the angel Raphael, one of the seven who stand before the Lord. And when they had heard these sayings, they were troubled.  And the angel said to them, Peace be to you, fear not. For when I was with you, I was there by the will of God. Bless ye him, and sing praises to him. I seemed indeed to eat and to drink with you. But I use an invisible meat and drink, which cannot be seen by men. It is time therefore that I return to him that sent me. But bless ye God, and publish all his wonderful works. And when he had said these things, he was taken from their sight, and they could see him no more. Then they, lying prostrate for three hours upon their face, blessed God. And rising up, they told all his wonderful works. Tobias, Chapter 13 Tobias the Father prayseth God, exhorting all Israel to do the same, prophesyeth the restoration and better state of Jerusalem. And Tobias the Elder, opening his mouth, blessed the Lord, and said, Thou art great, O Lord, forever, and thy kingdom is unto all ages. For thou scourgest, and thou savest, thou leadest down to hell, and bringest up again. And there is none that can escape thy hand. Give glory to the Lord, he children of Israel, and praise him in the sight of the Gentiles, because he hath therefore scattered you among the Gentiles, who know not him, that you may declare his wonderful works, and make them know that there is no other Almighty God besides him. He hath chastised us for our iniquities, and he will save us for his own mercy. See then what he hath done with us, and with fear and trembling give ye glory to him, and extol the external king of worlds in your works. As for me, I will praise him in the land of my captivity, because he hath shown his majesty toward a sinful nation. Be converted, therefore, ye sinners, and do justice before God, believing that he will show his mercy to you, and I and my soul will rejoice in him. Bless ye, the Lord, all his elect, keep days of joy, and give glory to Jerusalem, city of God, the Lord hath chastised thee for the works of thy hands. Give glory to the Lord for thy good things, and bless the God eternal that he may rebuild his tabernacle in thee, and may call back all the captives to thee, and thou mayest rejoice for ever and ever. Thou shalt shine with a glorious light, and all the ends of the earth shall worship thee. Nations from afar shall come to thee, and shall bring gifts, and shall adore the Lord in thee, and shall esteem thy land as holy, for they shall call upon the great name in thee. They shall be cursed, that shall despise thee, and they shall be condemned, that shall blaspheme thee, and blessed shall they be, that shall build thee up. But thou shalt rejoice in thy children, because they shall all be blessed, and shall be gathered together to the Lord. Blessed are all they that love thee, and that rejoice in thy peace. My soul bless the Lord, because the Lord our God hath delivered Jerusalem his city from all her troubles. Happy shall I be if there shall remain of my seed to see the glory of Jerusalem. The gates of Jerusalem shall be built of sapphire and of emerald, and all the walls thereof round a bout of precious stones. All its streets shall be paved with white and clean stones, and alleluia shall be sung in its streets. Blessed be the Lord who hath exalted it, and may he reign over it for ever and ever. Amen. Notes for verse 11, referring to Jerusalem. What is prophetically delivered here, and in the following chapter with relation to Jerusalem, is partly to be understood of the rebuilding of the city after the captivity, and partly of the spiritual Jerusalem, which is the Church of Christ and the eternal Jerusalem in heaven. Tobias, chapter 14. Old Tobias died at the age of a hundred and two years, after exhorting his son and grandson's to piety, for showing that Nineveh shall be destroyed, and Jerusalem rebuilt, the younger Tobias returnedeth with his family to Raguel, and died happily as he had lived. And the words of Tobias were ended, and after Tobias was restored to his sight he lived two and forty years, and saw the children of his grandchildren, and after he had lived a hundred and two years he was buried honorably in Nineveh, for he was six and fifty years old when he lost the sight of his eyes, and sixty when he recovered it again. And the rest of his life was in joy, and with great increase of the fear of God he departed in peace. And at the hour of his death he called unto him his son Tobias and his children, seven young men, his grandsons, and said to them, The destruction of Nineveh is at hand, for the word of the Lord must be fulfilled, and our brethren that are scattered abroad from the land of Israel shall return to it, and all the land thereof that is desert shall be filled with people, and the house of God which is burnt in it shall again be rebuilt, and all that fear God shall return thither, and the Gentiles shall leave their idols, and shall come into Jerusalem, and shall dwell in it, and all the kings of the earth shall rejoice in it, adoring the king of Israel. Harken therefore my children to your father, serve the Lord in truth, and seek to do the things that please him, and command your children that they do justice and alms deeds, and that they be mindful of God, and bless him at all times in truth, and with all their power. And now children hear me, and do not stay here, but as soon as you shall bury your mother by me in one sepulcher, without delay direct your steps to depart hence, for I see that its iniquity will bring it to destruction. And it came to pass that after the death of his mother Tobias departed out of Nineveh with his wife and children, and children's children, and returned to his father and mother-in-law, and he found them in health in a good old age, and he took care of them, and he closed their eyes, and all the inheritance of Raguel's house came to him, and he saw his children's children to the fifth generation, and after he had lived ninety-nine years in the fear of the Lord, with joy they buried him, and all his kindred, and all his generation continued in good life, and in holy conversation, so that they were acceptable both to God, and to men, and to all that dwelt in the land. End of the Book of Tobias


Hello everybody. This is Alex with a cool lock that I've had a little while. This actually is another one that came off of the pod. So the first thing I'd say is it had absolutely no corrosion or anything on it, so it made pretty well. I believe these are made in China, but I don't recall. Yep. You can see the Chinese lettering on the back of the key. For a Chinese lock I'd say it's a very good quality lock. What's cool about it is the key. Here's the key. It's a barrel style. That's the bidding on it. So there's like little steps in there. And it looks like the way it's made is that there's a piece, a separate piece in the center here.  So it would probably be difficult to duplicate. You need these little ridges on the sides for reasons we'll see in a moment. Here is the keyway. You'll see it has a little guard on it, or like kind of like the door on a store lock. Yeah. And you just you just turn it, and if you hear that, the bidding on the key just engaged with the pins, with the key pins. And now, so if I were to pull this out, you'd see that the bidding is at this angle than we were seeing before. Okay, move up a little bit. So we just shove this in here, and then rotate quarter turn or so, and then she helps open them, not key retaining. So I'm gonna gut this lock here, and because I actually want to see what's going on inside, because I've been trying to pick it for a while, without any success. There's a lock where you can now you can really see the key pin there, and the key in rotates, and there's a little detent or a little pin there that limits the rotation. I wanted to get in here and see what the pins look like, because I've been having a heck of a time picking it, and I want to know if it's due to tension issues, or that I should be expecting other pins. There is nothing in here to grab on to. The back of the keyway is solid and round. It's kind of a conical shape like the end of the key. I'm going to stop and attempt to take this apart, replace the battery in my camera, and come back and we'll see what's inside. Okay, we're back with this LSL lock, which is made in, I'm assuming China, it could be Japan. Here's the bow of the key if anybody reads one of those languages, think in English. So very curious set of pins in here. Okay, so if I can do this without getting in the way. We have five spools and a ball bearing in chamber six. This is one that's the front of the keyway. It's six. This is just a detent to give it a little bit of spring tension in the open and closed position. This is not part of the locking mechanism. We have a spool, spools of equal size in all five chambers. We have two, what appear to be steel pins in positions two and three. So that's a security feature. And then the weird pin is pin number one. So the key is on this side, driver's on this side.  Okay, that's pin one. Notice how long it is. All of the other key pins also have a fat part on the top followed by a thin part on the bottom. Okay, you might think that that's some kind of spulerific deal, but it's not. If we grab the plug, look at the plug, you can see that all of the chambers are, I believe that's counter milled. That is there because there's no warding to keep the pins from falling out. So those little lips and the fat part of the pin keeps the pin from dropping all the way through and the lock falling apart, which is undesirable. Now it gets weirder. Let me focus again. On the barrel, on the plug, there is a second little tube that it goes into. Okay, and this is a little weird, but I think I figured out what happens. So pin one, which would be here, when it's in place, the top of it is flush with the top of this little tube. So it does not want to be set any higher. If it goes any higher, it's going to bind. So that may be an anti-picking kind of deal. It explains why I'm having so much trouble picking the lock, but I believe that it also means that if you're applying tension to that pin, this is going to tend to slip a little bit. I don't know how well that shows up, but there's a little bit of play this way and this way against the other pins. He's raised up above the shear line now and there's some play in this. He's able to rock around partly because of the shape of the pin and also just because there's a little bit of tolerance there. It's going to tend to make him want to bind almost almost kind of like a serration, right? So if you're applying tension to the the whole deal, it's going to want to bind and then you've got those spools in there with, which have very very thin lips on them. You can see how thin the lips are on this guy. I don't have a mic on me, but you know, that's a at most a millimeter. It's probably less than that. So I suspect that they're around the same thickness as the metal in that tube and they're going to get all sorts of bound up in there. So I'm explaining why I'm having, I've had so much trouble trying to get this open. So it's basically a five pin lock, all spools. If you think, if you now know what's going on in the lock, and this may just be the way this one is bidded, or they may all be this way, but it's really a four pin lock because pin one really can, you don't want to move it at all, or the whole thing's going to bind up. And then two steel pins and then two more regular bottom pins and spools. So I would, I'm actually pretty impressed with how this is constructed, particularly since it's Chinese and it was a bit expensive and I don't feel ripped off at all. I did a little scratching on the, well you can see, but I did a little bit of scratch testing on the, you can see that there, one with the pick and one with the screwdriver. And it scratched a little bit, but I think it's at least case hardened. It wasn't, I wasn't really pulling much metal off. It was just painting it a little bit. So this seems to be at least vaguely hardened. Those little, these little half moon shaped things that form a little gate there also seem to be hardened, but they spin around so they're not really, they can be able to drill those anyhow. And you cannot bypass it because the back of the plug is solid. There's no way to get a wire or anything back in there.  It might be like the smallest of little tiny holes there where the drill went through, but you know, you're not getting, you're not bypassing that. So, so challenge is picking this lock and I hope I can pick it on camera at some point or even the couch. Tensioning it, because there is no warding or anything to grab on to, you pretty much have to press against the pins. And I think now that I've seen the inside, which is part of why I took it apart, I mean just tension on pin one because I know that I don't, I actually don't even want him to move. So if I put a whole bunch of tension on him, he should stay still for me and we'll see what happens there and then work with these other pins.  So there's our LSL lock gutted and hopefully be following us up in the near future with a video of it being picked open. This is Alex. Thank you for watching. Please subscribe if you like my work and as always, have fun with your lock sport activities while keeping them legal. Thanks so much. Cheers.


I love it, I love it. That's the health problem with the economy. Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! I've got some special help from these young people and others. Second Genes is a special week's bacon and the ornament. Our second genes is actually going to be 11-15 Deborah Rema. Right and left. What are they going to be pretending like they're around here actually hanging? What did they make? What did the second gen make? Snowflake. Snowflake. And all the ones. And they don't tell people. Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! And a happy new year. Happy new year. Happy new year. Ha! Ha! Ha! Can you erase that? No. No? Okay. I want this. I want this. The press is all behind me. You have that all the way? You come right down to the middle. There's one line in here. Lance, very proud of you. I'm not lying. It's her line. That Santa is not from the north. Oh yeah, let's just have it for her. Oh yeah, let's just have it for her. I didn't write it. I didn't write it. Ha! Ha! Easter, the staff of the flower shop, is that something? Talking about Christmas stuff, that's really awkward, old fashioned. Then they'll start to yell questions at you. Good, I can feel them. Christmas yeah? Another Christmas would be fine. You have a great answer. Another Christmas? Our Christmas would be fine. We need you around the world. Second time. Unobtrusive, low key. No low key. Just follow us, just follow us. We got Jim the Bells. Yeah, just follow us. You want him? Here we go. Thomas Williams. Yes. Tom Jones. I got him on Twitter. Bellevue. Don't ask me that. If I could get Thomas Williams Jones out. The thing is, the press has always written you. They want to hear you say it though. Yeah. Mr. Drillman, Bellevue? Home party? Who remembers a little thing? Bikki Bikki. Head back, that's right. I like your outfit. It says, the residents and staff of Second Genesis would like to extend our gratitude for all the modern concern that you've shown throughout the years. It is nice to say that you are the first lady of our country, but it is imperative that we echo that you are number one in our hearts. Respectfully and gratefully yours, the residents and staff. Thank you. Thank you for all your work. It looks just beautiful as always. As always. Really. Thank you. Oh, thank you. Wonderful. No, nothing ever fits me. That's great. Thank you so much. No, it's but my wife. She'll look good in that too. Thank you very much. Mary, can we see that one more? That's the one that works. Mary? Hi. And wouldn't you like to have your picture taken with Santa? Go back this way. No, then yes. See you later. You'll be standing by the side. Oh, that's nice. I get to sit while you stand. Can you go to my stand to slap? You're going to go to my side. Where are the stockings? The stockings are going to be at my stand. Where am I smiling? I'm going to see it. Billy doesn't come from the North Pole. Santa Claus really comes from South Pole. Do you get it? You're busy. Not until Christmas Day. With the decorations? Loves it. Is he as great a past as you thought he was going to be? Pardon me? Is he as great a past as his brother or sister who's been to Buckingham? Is he as good a past? Oh, yes. He's so lovable and affectionate and puddly. Kind of presents. That was my present. Now what kind of presents?  You can't open them now. No, that's right. We'll have a chance to talk more. Thank you. Good night. No problem. Thank you. I like that other one. Red House. You know, Hans has been making this since 1969, and then when the jelly beans were in various places. But this year, he's done it. You can see inside in the different rooms. You know, the east room, I mean the blue room and the red room. You can see inside in the different rooms. You can see inside in the different rooms. You know, the east room, I mean the blue room and the red room and the green room and Truman Balcony. There, yes, yes. There is Truman Balcony in there. What? Is it Truman Balcony in there? It's a present. Where's the press room? Not behind. I'm sorry. It goes between our room and the kitchen. This is mine.  That's my Christmas present. Our present? Yeah, we'll be here. Will the wicks be here with you or anything? The wicks and my brother, Moreno and her husband. The rest of the children The rest of the family. Yeah.  How long again? The other family, yeah. Do you get all your Christmas shopping done? No, I have not, Helen. Please. I'm sorry you mentioned it. I haven't. Well, you got nothing to do with me now, Kristen. No. I had a few trips in between. Is gingerbread good for God? We'll find out. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. My love. One thing that we really did, we did so many different things. Went from doing paper snowflakes. And Christmas cards from previous years. And they helped make everything as usual. And then, of course, we have our special Christmas card here. From Santa Claus. They used to be hundreds. But she was so wealthy. I know. I print my own money, just like America does. When I run out, I just print up a bunch more. It's also very tight. True. Then we have we're going in one of the masses. Where? Valley Mass. White House Christmas Ornament of J.T. Valley Mass. They've helped every year. Right. They've helped every year. What's the training degree? Pardon me? Is there a training all the way under it? Yes. I can't I really can't thank the people in the White House and the flower shop enough for what they did this year. They really they went above and beyond. And they made the train. It was all the way around. Yeah. Do we have stills that need to come in? We have. Can we rotate, please? We make room for stills, please, in front. Did you show them did you show them all the ornaments that you made? Did you show them? Did you see all the did you see all the ornaments? Are they pretty? We started decorating. Well, they did get in finally. This way, please. Yeah. What's this? What's this? Sit it up. What? A kiss on the chin for Santa? Yeah. Thank you. You got that, Larry? Thank you. Okay. Now, we have your picture taken with Santa. With Santa from Southport. Okay? Okay, now, come on, Betty. What's your name, little girl? My name is Betty, and I think you are bad. I think you are like Sue L. and Ham John Ross. Who's taking pictures? What do I got? This one's there, Darryl. What's your name? Well, for today's proposal.  You have to sign this one. $6,000. Dye? Yes. Oh, Rolex, send me one for that. Okay. Oh, watch out. Yeah, come on.  Oh, $10,000 would do it for me. Oh, my God. Here we go. Yes. Now, look that way. Hi, there. What do you want to take pictures of? Sit on the tray. No. They'll take it out. Yeah. What are you doing? Darryl, you don't know what's going on back here. Oh, God, don't know. How you doing, man? What's Sue L. doing? Everything. Oh, pretty good. Take a picture. Perfect. This is the one that comes out. Okay. Thank you. Okay, now we're going for something. Good. Anybody who showed up was able to go. That's right. There you are. Another guy came down last night. I don't know how to get his name. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hey, Whimber!


Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Bruce Gulland. And I'm Liz Wade. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. I am the Secretary General of the United Nations. This is an organisation that represents almost all of the humans of the planet Earth. I send greetings from the people of our planet. We step out of our solar system, into the universe, seeking only peace and friendship. We know that our planet is a small part of this universe that surrounds us. It is with humility and hope that we take this step. This message was recorded in 1977 by the leader of the United Nations. The people making the recording wanted the message to last a long time. The best form at the time was a hard plastic disc or vinyl record. However, to make it last longer, they made the record out of gold. They expected this record to survive for billions of years. Then they placed two copies of this golden record on two Voyager space ships. There were no people on either ship. The Voyager ships were launched into space later in 1977. They began to travel away from the Earth at a speed of 16 km each second. 35 years later, in 2012, Voyager 1 finally left Earth's solar system. Today's spotlight is on the golden record each Voyager contained. Carl Sagan was one of the most famous astronomers of his time. He studied stars and planets. In 1976, he created a message to send into space. If people from other planets ever found it, this message would represent all of life on Earth. Sagan thought this was a good idea, but there were some questions. What language best represented the whole Earth? Should the message include music? What would sounds of nature mean to people from other planets? Sagan gathered together a few people he knew to help him choose the material. This was not an easy job. There was no internet to search. Timothy Ferris was one of the people helping Sagan. He wrote about this for the New Yorker magazine. We had to get physical copies of every recording we hoped to listen to or include. This was easy for American music, but we wanted things from all over the world. Australia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Congo, Japan, the Navajo Nation, Peru, and the Solomon Islands. It was difficult, involving, and wonderful work. Finding the audio was the first challenge. Choosing what to include was the second. The work was complex. They could not add everything they wanted. There was a limited amount of space. The work took less than a year to complete. But when the team was finished, they believed they had captured all human life. There were 115 pictures. There were greetings in 55 languages. There were 12 minutes of sounds from Earth and 90 minutes of music. The pictures include many different things. There is the structure of human DNA. Two people eating and drinking. Olympic runners in motion. There are pictures of the Taj Mahal in India and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. There is also a picture of a page of a book. There are many different pictures of cities, roads, islands, maps, animals, and nature. The music includes famous songs by Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven. It also includes music from places like Peru, Japan, New Guinea, Bulgaria, Australia, Senegal, and Mexico. The sounds on the golden record include volcanoes, earthquakes, and thunder. There is wind, rain, and the ocean against the sand. There are crickets and frog sounds. There are footsteps, a heartbeat, and laughter. There is also a tractor, a train, and an airplane. There are also the sounds of a mother and child. There are also spoken greetings from languages all over the world. Some of the greetings are in Arabic, Cantonese, Dutch, Hindi, Italian, Nepali, Russian, Vietnamese, and many others. Sagan and his team knew that people in space would not be able to understand these languages. But they show the many different languages in our world. But does the golden record really represent all life on Earth? The golden record was made by a small number of people. These people were all from one part of the world, the United States. They also left out all the war and violence that is often part of human life. They wanted to present a happy, peaceful picture of life on Earth. But is it even possible to capture all of life on Earth in this way? Is it worth trying? The world has also changed since 1977. One of these changes is the creation of digital media. A small computer can now hold millions of pictures, music, and even video. But people from space may not know what to do with this technology. The golden record included details of how to use it. These instructions are complex, but they are still simpler than using digital media. Today, people can listen to a copy of the golden record. Alessandra Potenza is a writer for The Verge. She wrote about listening to the first golden record. She understood it was not perfect, but she still found it very emotional to listen to. I could not stop thinking how amazing it is to be part of this planet. I do not know what people from space would think of us if they ever found the Voyager golden record. Maybe it would make no sense to them. To me, the golden record shows me how beautiful our planet is and how special of a home it is. It is also a reminder that we should take better care of it. What would you want to include if you were making a new golden record? Would you include things about our violence and war? Or would you only include happy, peaceful things? You can leave a comment on our website or email us at radio at radioenglish.net. You can also comment on Facebook at facebook.com slash spotlight radio. The writer of this program was Adam Narvis. The producer was Mitchell Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. Some of the recordings in this program came from the golden record. Visit our website to find links to these recordings. You can listen to this program again and read it on the internet at www.radioenglish.net. This program is called the golden record. Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.