So just so everybody knows the room that they're in you're in the building the interconnected ecosystem Discussion on the container network interface and the OCI projects Abby wrote the title for me. So I had to read that so we're we're pleased to have a illustrious group of people Here to join us today for a panel discussion on container networking things that are happening at CNCF and OCI In fact, how maybe they relate to cloud foundry and our ecosystem and our platform So I'm going to start by letting everyone introduce themselves to you later. We'll open it up for questions I've got a few seed questions to start the discussion. So why don't we start with Chris? Hello Hello, hello. My name is Chris Anizek currently I'm acting executive director for the cloud native computing foundation and I'm also part of the Linux foundation serving as a vice president developer programs involved With the open container initiative and some other initiatives within the Linux foundation My name is Craig. I'm a product guide Google I work mostly in the compute space and was one of the co-founders of the kubernetes project I am number two it says so on my microphone. Sorry. My name is Richard Kauffman. I run a research group at samsung And we work on cloud native technologies for Use within the samsung group and for others Outstanding well, thank you all for for being here So let's start with a really simple question Why do we care about networks and containers? Who wants to field that one? Why do we care? So stuff has to talk to something sometime That's the technical answer So from a technical perspective, uh, so, uh, I am I'm constantly worrying about problems Like 400 million endpoints want to communicate to some kind of a central service So, um, I'm looking for exceptionally high performance low overhead ways for those connections to happen So for me, uh, because, uh, containers are the Selected efficient method mechanism for building and deploying applications and services How I can efficiently plumb those to those 400 million endpoints is Very very important And I would say just kind of You know building on that a little bit Containers represent this incredibly portable atom of deployment. So they've really solved, uh, an early problem Which was you know, how do I actually package and distribute a piece of software and how do I make it available in a given environment? And you know, one of the things that we really need to get to is a point where we have a very rich ecosystem of management capabilities for these containers that can go anywhere And those management capabilities those management platforms Need to be integrated into a very rich and diverse set of physical infrastructure environments And you know, one of the gnarliest challenges You know in the space really is how to actually map a container, which is an application level construct to The network and how do I control how it interacts with other pieces of the network and how to actually elevate, you know, some of the Concepts to almost the application level so that I'm able to intelligently program The network based on applications needs and so it's it's a really Tough and interesting problem And you know, we've obviously been working together as a community to try to you know, find nice clean simple ways to start handling that integration You have nothing That's they've said it pretty well All right, there it is chris's answer What they said All right fair enough. So I'll continue to ask questions, but we've got a mic in the middle I am actually going to pick on people in the audience if no one stands up there to ask a question. So a couple of you out there Might need to ask some questions Didn't we decide that the best question got promoted to the panel? Well, that might not be an incentive Although those are that's a great format. So actually I'm going to direct my next question to to craig cloud Foundry has been looking at The the problem within our platform of of container to container networking different ways that we could think about that problem You know, we're we're thinking through the abstractions that are appropriate for our users But being heavily involved in kubernetes kubernetes has selected the container networking interfaces its approach to Tie together containers So what what was the the kubernetes project's perspective in making that decision versus perhaps some of the other alternatives that are out there That's a great question. I mean there were There really two kind of viable alternatives at the time There was a lib network, which is docker's implementation of essentially this function and then there was A new relatively nascent project that was being sponsored by our friends at core os That was part of the apc specification And you know, we put a lot of time and thought into it. Obviously we we're very invested in docker as a as a container format as a runtime environment And you know as a as an ecosystem enabler but we really struggled when we started looking at how to tie a Kubernetes run container into the lib network infrastructure You can really think about docker as being, you know, perhaps three things and you know, I tend to think of it as Three discrete things in a way one is, you know, docker is a format a way to actually describe something you put in a container Docker is also a container runtime environment So actually that that local way to take that and run it and then docker is also at the highest level a complete stack That gives you everything you might need from, you know, describing container describing how it ties together And then you know deploying it out using something like swan and we really struggled in the early days to disentangle The lib network implementation from the rest of docker's infrastructure So if you actually look at the way that it's implemented it pulls through a tremendous amount of the core docker capabilities So for instance, it's tied to Something called lib kv Which is a you know a distributed key value store And so we'd have to have stood up a discrete key value store and run it in parallel with this thing And it wasn't neatly tied into our sort of ecosystem We also felt that the interface was a little overly complex given what we wanted to accomplish Um, and it was tied, you know deeply to things like the docker demon, uh, which You know necessitated, you know, even even further and deeper dependencies And then when we looked at uh, we looked at what the app see guys had proposed with With uh See, and I it was very simple like very simple api very simple surface area Clean really, you know well factored and we felt like it was something that could you know You know really You know build we could build on it and so for us it was really just a sort of Necessary thing it was it was it was very difficult to actually just use the lib network capabilities to disentangle it from a lot of the other Docker componentry And then you know look at that as a standard the the c&i interface was just so much cleaner Richard, how about your perspective on this? Parallels craigs quite a bit which is um When kubernetes was looking at networking interfaces, uh, there's a very influential blog post I'd point you to from tim hawkins that's posted on kubernetes to io about this But basically, you know, they tried using um live network and you know pretty much found out that by the time they pulled it up They found everything including somebody's kidney attached to the dependency chain And it was much easier, you know that they tried very hard to use it And only went a different direction because they were forced to and craig was talking about how simple the The c&i api has just got three entries add a network delete a network and look at its configuration It's also composable so you can basically have one implementation of it Inside another implementation so you can experiment with new networks and new versions in a nice clean and easy way um, but I think at the higher level point is you want Layers in the system to know what they're good at and only only work on their area You don't want big monolithic things. It's a religious war almost But you really want kubernetes to be good at orchestration You want the c&i layer to be really really good at at encapsulating networking technologies that work from everything from Like a development oriented network that's you know, a software sdn to something that would be used in massive production So it's better at Composability and separability of function and and not having complex dependencies Heats to the unix philosophy Are there any questions from the audience? Yeah, any chance I could get you to run over actually I'll come over to you How about that? I'll join the audience Hey, um, so the panel was about oci and c&i And I was if you haven't talked about this yet I'm curious how you see those two things fitting together As far as I can tell everyone who might be considering using c&i is also using runc to run the containers So is there some synergy? Are we going to make those two things work together more closely? So oci or open the open container initiative is really all about standardizing on the kind of how you manage the actual container runtime with like runc And also specifically how the image format is is defined networking per se is out of scope Within the oci so things like c&i wouldn't actually be part of oci, but they the intention of I'm making sure making sure things work together cleanly Is is definitely uh, you know part of the project but the actual hosting and development of c&i would it does not in scope of the actual Oci charter. So if you actually look if you go to the oci website, there's this wonderful thing called the oci scope table Which talks about which things are actually in scope of the project and which things are out of scope? Hopefully that answers your question. I have a follow-up. Um, sure. So I think you should be on the panel So Well for cloud foundry, we're moving towards using runc to run our containers and we're moving towards using c&i to drive networking And we're gonna end up building a little adapter that Fits in between those two things and um, is every container orchestrator going to be building their own version of this adapter? Should we try to standardize on one? So rocket has a c as a c&i plug-in built in When you say c&i plug-in you mean a thing that's driven through the c&i interface or a thing that drives through this like The thing that drives Is built in to rocket docker. There's a piece of plumbing That you have to plug in that lets it use a c&i plug-in That's what the calico and weave guys built. Um so, uh Let's see from the perspective of an application or service writer that the two things that The container initiative sorry the container initiative and the networking initiative have in common Is that they're two things that they never want to learn about never want to care about and never want to buy them in the butt and Just as much as they stay out of each other's hair is a good thing Why shouldn't I be able to take the input to a c&i plug-in and make that part of my runc bundle? Like why not add that as a field to runc A fair answer might be Politics or a fair answer might be out of scope technology It's out of scope. Yeah, I mean like It's you know one thing to think about is this um You know c&i is really just a way to express uh in an integration point with um, you know variety technologies Um, it's relatively early days. Uh, so, you know, there's obviously a lot of room to kind of innovate and extend and and uh progress Um You know docker is obviously Doing an amazing work, you know in a lot of areas But they're also looking at the problem holistically like they're trying to think about how to create a complete stack that goes from You know the way you could create a container the way you deploy a container the way you'd orchestrate a container The way you'd update a container the way you'd manage it and they're really thinking about the system You know in in my opinion like holistically and they're looking at that that holistically We're coming at it from a different angle like a lot of us who are active in this uh community are trying to look at a disaggregate Interesting set of pieces. We just have a different set of priorities. And so, um, you know, I would hope that of a time You know docker and you know Adopts c&i that it actually becomes sufficiently mature and sufficiently obvious that it's just a great way to go Um, but I think you know from their perspective they're they're trying to look at that that holistic story and try to create it that way So just a different set of priorities. I think um, but My expectation is that you know as this gets adopted as we actually have really, you know, high quality plugins You look at what the calico guys are doing. It's really neat technology, right? And if it's made it, you know available through c&i and that's the easiest way to integrate it I would expect that it will become more ubiquitous and in by necessity. We'll we'll end up in that direction Any other questions from the audience? Okay, so we we talked a little bit about You know the technology and whether or not particular run times need to Implement whether maybe we should standardize on that. But let's just talk about c&i itself c&i itself was was obviously created by core west as part of You know part of their work around containerization their set of opinions It's building a bit of momentum seeing kubernetes and claud foundry and others adopted What what's the right home for it? Does it belong in cncf? If so, is there you know an update on status? Is that happening? Any discussions occurring? I mean, yeah, I could talk a little bit to this So I did mention that you know Networking's out of scope and oci doesn't mean that it will be out of scope forever. So potentially the To be or the technical oversight board there could decide that all of a sudden networking's in scope and It makes sense to put c&i there. But for now, that's Not the current mindset where they are we've had some discussions within cncf to To see if c&i could could fit within the purview of cncf There is discussions of potentially putting a proposal together kind of in the short term, but there is a body of people within the cncf that essentially Make the decision of whether c&i maps to the overall mission of cncf And you know, whether the project meets some of the criteria of what it means to be a cncf project cncf is generally looking for kind of You know high velocity, you know really good quality Projects with kind of diverse, you know, committership c&i kind of falls on the You know, it's a super important project, but you know, it's it's a very small piece. It's like it's a very simple You know, you know code and an associated spec. So I mean, I'd like to add a little bit to that. I didn't mention this earlier But I was one of the initiating members of cncf and I'm the Chairman of the the board Group so The the interesting question is, you know, is and this is a this is a this is an ongoing debate inside our own community Is is cncf a stand as organization and I think the overwhelming Answer is no, it's not a stand as base group, right? Like we're actually a A organization that's responsible for homing technology like, you know, like implementations and creating a great framework so that those technologies work well together and over time Maybe Standards will emerge, right and that's that's that's the way we kind of approach this We didn't want to lead with the standard We didn't want to like come in this and say, you know, hey We're going to design the heck out of this api and it's going to be a standard And then we'll stand up and implementation later What we really wanted to do was say let's take it from the other side Let's see what people actually use. Let's get some great technology. Let's pull it together Let's see what people use And over time, you know, when it becomes clear that this is what people want This is the actual thing that is being universally deployed when it hits a certain threshold of critical mass We can then look at the api's and make a decision as to Is this api fit to become a standard? Can we promote it to become a standard? And so, you know, when we think about the evolution of cni And the role of cni in the space At the moment, there's you know, there's when we were having these conversations You know kubernetes had implemented cni But it was you know, we just hadn't seen a lot of you know, other organizations and groups that really adopted embrace it and and sort of use it We're at a very different point today. I mean if you actually look at what cf's doing It's like wow that actually adds a tremendous amount of legitimacy to this To this as a potential standard because actually Is now a common way to integrate between you know, two of the sort of preeminent ways to to orchestrate these systems You look at mesos actually cni and now it's like holy cow Like and now we actually have like pretty much all of the mainstream orchestrators supporting it And so I would argue that over time It would be really good to get to a point where we have a couple of projects under management of cncf that are actually implementing cni It has enough miles on it that we're pretty confident it covers the use cases And when we get to a point where we're getting a lot of demand from the vendor community when they're saying like Hey, this really needs to be a standard. We need to be able to bet on this We don't want to change it You know, we want like when the when the community really needs us to formalize that That's when we need to have the conversation around whether we would actually introduce the formal standard as part of of cncf But I think we're a little bit away from that still So kubernetes Tells applications How they network the pieces of their application together and how those talk to the outside world So there's a model of how every pod has an ip address and and how those are allowed to talk to each other So that's really valuable because that means I when I write my application and I deploy it someplace I know it's going to have that behavior. So what's the benefit of standardizing cni? Is in the plugins actually So is there an ecosystem of people like calico like on coro west flannel like, you know You can name a half a dozen other things that plug in there and work And I think there will be benefit to the community To have that ecosystem be supported by one of the foundations somewhere somehow but There's I think craig was showing that You know, you have to exercise taste and judgment as to when the right time comes to elevate That api as the way that you'll do that and When there is enough interest in the community to maintain that ecosystem So I think it's really fair. I I want to then I'm going to shift the conversation A lot of that was inside baseball. That's really important to maybe a lot of people that are here But it frankly it's industry inside baseball Within the cloud federal community, I I think there's two major user sets that we're thinking about This is a bit of an open-ended question. I'm looking for some, you know, your comments on this The first user community is the community is the obvious one. They're the application developer And for us, it's it's it's code to running system, right? It's kind of our general mantra And there's some challenges and questions about, you know, what level of knowledge does a software developer focused on business algorithms and, you know, solving business problems What level of knowledge do they need to have about how You know, any of the networking components actually work I think that's still a bit of an undiscovered, you know, undetermined level of knowledge The flip side though is that we have We live in the real world of data centers that exist in the enterprise that are a blend of platforms Everything from existing mainframes and, you know, networking equipment And this is something that most people live in the real world all the time Frequently without any type of software to find networking even existing And so we have these two different tensions. There's the infrastructure up perspective Where we want to tie cloud native platforms together with existing Quote legacy. My new my favorite new word for this is vintage systems I'll use that one next time. I'm sorry one second artisanal artisanal vintage systems. That was a wonderful year 1985 So we want to be able to solve for both of these problems Giving application developers just enough information But not getting their way to make it really simple for them to write apps focus on solving their problems Yet fit into a bigger data center strategy So that was a kind of an open-ended set of comments How does Samsung think about that? So sort of a continuation of what I said the last time which is For example kubernetes gives applications one model to understand their networking and then underneath that implementing that abstraction We have stuff like the cni plugins the um If you think about it from the perspective of the application writer of not wanting to know what how the network is implemented They kind of want to take the thing that's on their whiteboard which says, you know I've got these services that talk to these components that need to talk to these users and I want to You know map a network that has the least amount of exposed ports to the least amount of exposed other actors And then get that mapped onto hardware. So that that's that's what they want and uh The stuff that you were talking about type one or the application deployers type two are the infrastructure Deployers the type two infrastructure. Deployers want the described services to be to be deployable Instantly so that they meet the application constraints But in a way that the the infrastructure managers can understand what's going on and they can do their Wide level like, you know, their intrusion detection and their threat detection stuff So you've got multiple actors wanting to do it the only way that you have to implement it That makes sense is to have those split levels of abstraction You give the application writers an understanding that matches What they want to understand and no more and then you give the underneath that where the cni lives You want to give them the tool so that they can get in there and manage things And the only way you have a chance to build that ecosystem is to make each of those layers So shit simple that Another technical term underneath I like that technical term too. Yeah, I mean, I'd like to just sort of riff on that You know a little bit, you know one of the things that I think is kind of a real sort of seminal point around things like cloud foundry or communities only these these new Systems is that they're far more intrinsically dynamic than anything we've seen today, right? Like traditionally people would look at Sort of actively manage systems as really being, you know, the sort of front end systems that serve, you know varying Consumer oriented work. So so that's that's the classic place where you'd see like Dynamic systems in in most of these sort of architectures We're not getting to a point where like the dynamicism is pushed like right into almost every application class you have Right these systems will you know decide how many instances of something needs to run and create the right level of abstractions to to tie them together And you know as a result of that they're far more intrinsically operationally viable, right? The developer really shouldn't be aware of most of the operations functions a scaling event for them is a non-event They don't even they're not even aware of it. They're not they're not cognizant of it Things might get turned on and activated later, you know when they're needed And all of that should be completely opaque to the developer But to make that dream a reality You have to have a really smart system that's actually able to program the underlying physical infrastructure, right? You have to have a well-defined set of interfaces that work pretty much everywhere And a lot of these systems that are emerging have some really interesting and novel network models to make that possible And to get there, you know, it's actually to like unlock these these capabilities We have to have a really principled well-defined structured interface between These orchestrators and the fund the underlying systems and that should not be the purview of the developer like You know there's a there's a different operations team that actually figures out how to actually provide that cluster environment or that cloud foundry environment Or if you want to call it And then the developers are just focused on the application level pieces And the final piece of it is Often is not you want to be able to preserve the developer's intent Like you want to be able to say hey the service needs to talk to the service a lot Right that's going to like with high bandwidth and low latencies. They're very they're very code dependent And you need to be able to preserve that intent or provide a framework for the developer to express that intent So that when these dynamic systems under the covers are actually making informed decisions about where to place things and how many to run That intent gets passed through and can be used to actually Program the underlying network fabric and make sure you have the right quality of service between services and all those other pieces And so I think it's uh, it's it's a really interesting space I mean a lot of it is uh relatively nascent compared to I think it's going to go And I think you'll find that like that boundary between These systems in the modern sort of nfv or stn type subsystems are going to be Really important to get right Looks like we've got a question over here from the audience. We've got about three minutes left So matt you'll be the last audience question. This is when we get the hard question I don't know that it's a hard question just to kind of follow up on your statement Sounds like you have a number of things in mind and i'm kind of hoping that you can Discuss what the roadmap is for c&i because right now it's really really basic and really really easy But like you said there's a lot of things there when it comes to expression of a tenth expression of policy They're all lacking right now in the api and you leave it up to the limitations I'm just kind of curious if you have a notion of what that roadmap for the future of c&i might not look like I'll give the first easy answer which is that if you look at the github page For it you'll see the roadmap And the two things that are on the roadmap right now one is dynamic changes to the network Once the system is up and running Actually, I think that's two versions of that are just the only thing on the roadmap Here we go But dude check the github Okay, I'll develop in the open. I don't know what else I mean, it's a great question. I mean the answer is Only a very small portion of these decisions are going to be driven directly in the c&i context right A lot of this is being driven in like the cloud foundry organization or in the kubernetes organization Or in a lot of the dependent communities And so I don't think we can with a straight face like lay it out to you what the c&i roadmap is right now I think what we can say is that Each of the communities will create an an interesting and novel set of requirements Some of those requirements will be you know pushed into an evolution of the c&i interface A lot of it will actually exist above You know above above the c&i framework, but you know, I just I don't think anyone knows right now because We just haven't Had the the physical conversations around you know The discrete needs of each of these organizations and I'm ready to put that back to the So chris looks like yeah, this is that did you have one?  I asked some folks in my team. Hey, what's going on with this Next thing I know I saw saw something that showed up in our roadmap We've got this little thing called kraken which makes it easy to Deploy kubernetes on to amazon or to a cluster of nuts or gce or wherever And all of a sudden c&i showed up on our roadmap So we're going to integrate it into kraken at some point So that's a public thing by the way if you want an easy way to test out kubernetes So abby kern says one quick question. I said that matt was the last but go ahead yell it out I and I wanted to wrap it up here because I do think we talked a lot about inside baseball is We've talked a lot about different projects c&i oci Some other acronyms. I'm sure that we could probably add into the mix abc One of the things that's been a really a big theme this week is interoperability And collaboration and maybe we can wrap up the panel with talking about how that makes us a better community Final thoughts collaboration across projects It's it's absolutely essential One of the key responsibilities we have is to support innovation at almost every level of the stack And if we exist in a world where you have to be You know this high to actually be able to solution because you have to deliver At every level of the stack We've let the community down but we need to create an opportunity where if you have a crazy awesome Is a visualization framework you can actually bring it to a plethora of environments If you have a crazy awesome way to actually do overlay networking you can bring it to these environments And so I think that Collaboration around you know getting these sort of really well-defined sort of capabilities so that An innovator doesn't have to pick their ecosystem an innovator doesn't have to say, you know what? I'm just betting everything on you know, Kubernetes. So I'm betting everything on cf. I'm betting everything on whatever They can actually You know look at something. It's like, you know what if I actually conform with the c&i interface I actually get everything And so I think I think collaborating as communities to actually start Extricating and and sort of standardizing all these pieces is is essential for the efficiency of the broader community Yeah, and with my kind of oci and cncf foundation had on I think it's kind of the role of foundations to kind of provide The avenue for this you know kind of collaboration and interoperability to happen So oci is providing, you know the standard, you know way to do Life cycle managed for the container runtime and also the image format, you know that will kind of be You know taking care of when people are collaborating there cncf kind of acting as your cloud native commons bringing together useful, you know cloud native technology under kind of one neutral umbrella where people could kind of Collaborate and Interoperate with other foundations. We may have technology in cncf like like at cd ends up in cncf Just another component that cloud foundry, you know may use and and so on so I think foundations play a very critical role in in enabling this interoperability to happen So the sociological and political side of this is really important But there's a technical aspect which is architecting tasteful apis That have minimal functions and certainly minimal dependencies and touch points But sufficient to be able to produce very high performance capable systems But not get in each other's hair all the time Excellent and with that I'll thank you all for coming up here and Participating so thanks everybody for coming. Thank you, bro. Thank you


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports card. Drippin' the finest pristine tribute to Chrome, 8 box, MLB mixer, number 3 random team style. Just looking at your random results. As always, you can find those on the website, under the results tab, as well as the link in chat. Let me make sure we got all the right boxes here. We've got one hobby, two Chrome Jumbo. We've got two finest, one tribute, and two pristines. Perfect. All right, let's start with the top Chrome hobby. Good luck, everybody. Thanks again for getting this filled up. Came in, had like 12 spots, and then it just disappeared all of a sudden. So thank you guys. For some Josh Bell, Langleers, Gunner Henderson Rookie, Trevor Story, Dalton Varshow, Gold Wave, Edwin Diaz, 10 of 50 for the Metz. Nice one there, New York Libertura, MJ Melendez. What? Here? Yeah. Where? I did, uh, but... What's up, Puka? Well, it was... Same as that one? Mm-hmm. Right over there, take down, and right down there. So far? I made it twice. I know, you're telling me about that, actually. You won't make one. Probably not. I know, triple release day tomorrow, dude.  It's gonna be a lot of fun tomorrow. Sayasizuki. Thursday, again, we got more, uh, soccer breaks during the daytime. Cade Cavalli, Riley Green Rookie, I think with Forrest, I want to say. I'm not mistaken. Aggie Rosario, Trishon Kossus, Tucker, Goldschmidt, and Javi Baez. Corbin Carroll, Cody Bellinger, Witt and Josh Young. I know, I know, the Cosmic, Luis Robert on the prism.  Cosmic, it was one of the best products that came out last year. So, like, March 8, 199. I remember when they were, like, releasing it, I'm like, oh, dude, more tops, chrome, sick. And it came out, and I was like, wow, this is, like, so much better than I thought it was gonna be. Marc Vientos, like, I... They was pleasantly surprised by Cosmic last year. Ozielbis, Moreno, Miguel Vargas, uh, base auto Tyler Freeman, going to the Guardian. It's a nice one there. Kali Blynd, Guardians, Byron Buxton, and Nick Castellanos. Adley Rushman Titans, Kate Cavali, Garrett Mitchell Rookie, Freira, Jordan Walker Rookie, and Javier Asad, Groshans, J-Rod, Pluto Vado. Dude, those are gonna be so hard to hit. The Planetary, uh, Jordan Walker, it was bulky as well. There's, like, the Planetary, I forget what the Planetary is, something, uh, short prints, and there's, like, the, the parallels of them are planets, there's, like, Mercury and Uranus. Yeah, exactly, Uranus. And the Pluto's won in every 43,000 packs. Yeah, um, again, let's get Sapphire filled up, everybody. Here is your link, 22 to go, break in soon, 22 to go. It's got a filled full case, oh Sapphire. Planetary Pursuit, thank you, Timmy. Yeah, Planetary Pursuit is what that one is known as. Yes, I think it's won in every 43,000. That's what the Pluto is, at least. Astronomy gonna be going on tomorrow, for sure. Um, okay, let me open that back up. Chrom, we'll do the two top scromb jumbos now. That's what I'm saying, Steve. That, we were having an argument about that in the breaker group chat last night. Kodai Senga, Starling Martin, Mike Trout, and Dalton Varsha. Kyle Tucker, base auto, uh, Yiner Diaz, nice one there. Yeah, looks like it, Brandon Lau. Isn't Tampa gonna get smoked, too? No, it's gonna, not really.  Yeah, wind and rain, like the residuals, there's James Outman, Frisco Mosca, Coloss, Mossitake, Yoshida Refractor. I know we got Thursday night, college football dude. Whoo, let's go. I know me and Sean are running a Fortnite marathon on Thursday. God bless America. Oh man, Christian Yelich. You need Blake in there, Blake in there. Yeah, Blake and play. Blake and play, for sure. Yeah, Galaxy releases tomorrow, too. Star Wars Chrome Galaxy. So we should have that on the site for personals, Austin Riley Prison, DJ of the Mayhew, and I know we're doing a couple group breaks on Friday night. Ooh, Gold Wave Auto? Yes, it is. Gold Wave Auto, come on.  Gunner Henderson. It's gonna be a Jared Schuster, 16 to 50. Gold Wave Auto, nice one there, Braves. Jared Schuster. Matt F for the Luminance spot, thank you, Matt.  Story Rees. Someone who's work. Who's work. Prism, Ethan Small, Michael Massey. He doesn't want to be involved. He doesn't. He's got a lot of pain meds up. Oh, no. Soulie. We know, we know, we know, we know Blue Sonar to 125. Dude, it's not Sonar. Jake McCarthy. I honestly had a look up. The noise that Sonar makes, yeah. Yeah, just a little. It's just like Beeps. Yeah, like Morrell. Beeps. Beeps. Definitely not a Sonar. No, that's a car alarm. Jordan Walker, negative, nice one there. I'm actually going north of Tampa in the storm surge heading north compared to the usual east. Oh, that's good. Mark, or Matt Scherzer. How are you, how is it looking for you, Randy? What's it going to be like for you? Randy. Rally green rookie. Hey, Prism, Nicoladolo, Bryce Terrang refractor rookie. Not terribly. No, we're not taking the directive, but we're going to get another Gold Wave Auto. Wow, we're going to get a ton of rain and wind. Trees is what we're worried about. Two Gold Wave Autos in one box. Jason Alexander, 31 to 50 for the Brewers. Nice one there. Oh, you're only 15 minutes from us. Randy and John Great. Really? I know this. I thought you were like... He lives in Coley. Coley? Right? I'm trying to call you Randy. Or over that way. They're saying Tallahassee, making a B line for it. Yeah, Panhandle is going to get smoked. There's Brian Hayes and Garrett Mitchell refractor rookie. Oh, I didn't know that. I thought Randy was... Randy, I thought you were much further away than that. We're going to catch a magic game at some point. Yeah, for sure. Play in to Adley and Gabriel Moreno refractor rookie. If we go, we're going to get a little jersey too. Oh, absolutely. Yeah, we're all rocking Joe Engels jerseys. This year. Going to be in Orlando. Yo, stop by the shop, George. Yeah, George, come through. Yeah, come through the shop, George. Trishon Cosas, Gunner Henderson. We're like 20 minutes outside of Orlando, 25, 30. There's Josh Young. Prism of Dermis Garcia and Jacob DeGrant. Man, they're saying get out or get safe. Good Lord. Yeah, that's a little scary, Rich.  They saw the O'Jarrar and Carnassio. Nice one for the Marlins and JT Realmuto. Oh, Blake, Sean also has a Spider-Man water bottle now. They're not the only baby with one. Yeah. And Jordan Walker refractor rookie. Some wind and rain, yeah.   Absolutely, dude. Shopman Riley Green rookie. Make our way down twice a year. Yeah, you got to stop by the shop then, George. Absolutely. We're very close to that. Face Auto. Freddie Furman. Nice one for the Royals. Congrats, KC. And Michael Stafanik refractor rookie. Yeah, there you go. Disney will be lit tomorrow. Alvarez rookie. Exactly. Morel rookie. Oh yeah, no one's gonna be there. There's no way that's gonna be open, is it? Contreras rookie and Miguel Vargas. Trishon Cosas. Brian Bale, Prism. That's how you write Test Track five times, 15 times a day out of the arrangement. Ask Sean about Test Track. I don't ever want to see that thing. They need to take it down. No, Epcot's good. I liked it. When we went to Epcot as a shop, Volpe and Carroll, the food was very good. I enjoyed the food there. I went on a food tour. Jordan Walker, Mini Diamonds, Freddie Freeman, 2,350. Spencer Steer. Do not wear your latent gear to Epcot. Attention, do not wear your latent gear to Epcot. Hey, Sam. Oh, wearing your latent shirt. It's at 75 and Stephen Kwan. Whoops. Gabe Cavalli. Yeah, that was a miss. Yeah. They only close if they have to. Wow, dude. Rep Beatty. Prism, Cedric Mullins and Michael Harris rookie. No, I would never like, I would never pay to go to Epcot. I would never pay to go to Disney. It's not my thing. It's not my thing. I don't like rides. I don't like crowds. It's too hot. I would not personally go. It was fun when we went to the shop at a great time. Got Xander Bogart. It's a blue-ray wave, Freddie Freeman, 150. Nice one there for the Royals. And Garakul loved it with the shop. Lot of fun, man. Really enjoyed it. Would not go out of my way to go. Chinnu. Thank you there, buddy. Again, we got 22 to go on Sapphire. Let's get that sold out, everybody. 21 to go on Sapphire. 21 to go. Thank you all. Appreciate that. We got Finest coming up next. I hit a hurricane when I went to New Orleans. Oh, God, that's scary. That's scary. When I was a kid, my parents were always like, do you want to go to Disney? And I'm like, I don't. I was like five, and I'm like, no. No. Because I was like a baby when I was little too, so I was scared of all the characters. Orange, Zach Wheeler to 25. Still scared of him. Ryan Bale. I saw Taylor came out and you ran.  Baby. Got a lava to 100 on her brown. Yeah, the labor racing guy. Yeah, I know. Roger and Michael Harris Refractor. Matthew Batten Refractor Rookie Auto. Nice one there for the Padres. No one Gorman rookie. Can't get behind the tops. The design of Finest. Yeah, no, it's fair puka. I mean, everyone's entitled to their opinion on stuff for sure. I like it personally. It's very basic, which is kind of nice. Masatake Yoshida rookie. Wander and a Gunner rookie as well. Yeah, I like this year's design better than last year, for sure. Yoshida rookie, Brian Baio. Renato Tatis. Rushman to 250. Shohei Otani. No one. Yeah, this year's chrome might be the best chrome in the last like five years. Blows out last year. Absolutely blows out 2021. Javi Baez. Jose Alzuve. It's like the best since 2020, I would say. 2020 was pretty good. 18 was really good. 19 was okay. Yoshida. Christian Yeltsch Refractor and Gunner Henderson Rookie. I think the overall design is better. Like the quality controls a little bit better for sure. Albert Pujols. Kodai Senga Rookie Refractor Auto. Nice one there for the Mets. Grats, New York. Jonathan with a 10 box spot. Thank you, Jonathan. There is a little scratch on that. Going to send an empty box and wrapper with the Mets. Yeah, no, TCPA looks good this year too. It's a good, it's a good, it's a fun cheap rip too, which is good. Parallels look great. Yeah, it's rocketing recently, it's for sure. 175 Oscar Coloss. That's the same with a lot of stuff too. Hobbs. Joy Manessus Refractor. Rookie Auto. Oscar Gonzalez. Nice. Congrats on that. Guardians. Very nice. Got an extra auto in that box. Over. Deep Boop. I'm going to need a couple of warm-up games on Thursday. I might just think it up a little bit. Well, we might get bot lobbies because I'll be a level one because I haven't played the new season yet. So we might get lucky. Well, it's fine. It's Raffy Devers. Devers and Shrout. Oswald Prazer. 99 Green Lava Rookie for the Yanks. Jazz Chisholm Refractor. That is a Alex Kahl Refractor Rookie Auto for the Nationals. Congrats, Washington. Washington. Marcy with a Gris on Friday. Got Brandon C with a 10 box spot. And we're going to get to the point where only Sapphire is going to be available. I mean, we're at like 10 to go on 10 box now. We're under 20 on Luminance. There's Headliners. Ripken. And all we got is 21 to go on Sapphire, guys. That's going to be really, that's all that remains. Purple, 100 Green to 250. Clan of Hand. Boba Shet. The Shet Refractor. Stewie Ruiz Rookie. And base. Again, here is your link to Sapphire. 21 remaining. 21 to go. Okay, you got it. Thanks, sir. Cool. All right. I want to do the two pristines after this. We'll finish up with Tribute. That'll be what our order is. Got the Six Box Mixer coming up after this. The Visionals. Dave Winfield. Corbin Carroll Rookie. Francisco Alvarez Rookie. Followed by a full case of Finest. Then we're into Sapphire. Then we're into 10 box. Got an Orange. World's Finest. Paul Goldschmidt. 12 of 25. I just won there. Congrats, Cardinals. That's sweet. Steven with Aluminance spot. I just won their cards, base and base. Take that. Anniversary Sign Orange, Mount Castle. Can you keep your carricades down in Florida? Kate Cavalli. Now we're sending them right up to you, Dean. You know. And see, we're sending them right up. What's up, Dean? What up, Dean? The Mean Green, Dean Machine. Rhett Beatty to 300. Lennon Sosa. Lime Green. Or not Lime Green. Lancelot. Really? Dean is who I need to leave alone? Volpe. Dean is like my Anthony for you. There's Josh Young. Always coming in and trolling me. Derek Jeter. Corey Segar Refractor. And Paul Goldschmidt. North Carolina isn't made for hurricanes. That's fair. That's fair, though. Rhett with the bangles. Again, 21 to go. Gotta get this sold out, everybody. Send me a Facebook message. Oh, God. From Dean. Oh, no. No. Oh, it's kind of fire, actually, Dean. Is that yours? That's kind of wild, actually. That's insane, dude. No, that is fire, dude. If that's your tatine, that's insane. Wow. I want to get this. Yeah. Something like that. All your guys, yeah. All my favorite players. Lou Gehrig. There's Tom Glavin around the diamond to 99. That's sick, dude. Yeah, it looks really good, Dean. That looks really good. Whoever your artist was did a crazy job. Nolan Gorman. That's why, dude, when I go, I want to go up to Connecticut, Riley Green at some point and have Carl do a tattoo for me. Yeah. I just told Carl many times I'm down. Yeah. Oh, absolutely. Brian Servin. Blue to 75. Jose Canseco. Oh, snap. Jay Rot. Carl Rot. Man, all the way out to Colorado Springs. That's wild, dude. Out there. But I mean, hey, I guess I would. Jay Ram, purple to 99. Brett Beatty rookie. Nice one there. You can tell, dude. That's so detailed. It's ridiculous. Yeah, that's insane, dude. Love it. Insane, dude. Josh Young and Brett Beatty rookie. How long was session? Because he's from there. Who, Paul? Paul Marino? No, foul play is the one you want to come to Connecticut. Oh, I'm from there. That's for my, like, my entire family lives there. Foul play. I'm probably, like, I grew up there. There's Christian Yellowchand, Tyler O'Neill. And one of our customers lives up in Massachusetts, who's a tattoo artist. Eight and four. Man, one soda. I'm going to have to get some sleep. I want one right here. Manual closet. Gold Buster Posey to 50. I hit a 12 hours in one session. Yeah, you gotta be a beast. Swings of summer. Paul Goldschmidt. A lot of Paul Goldschmidt. Hey, what up, foul play? Nice, man. Welcome, welcome, welcome, foul play. Yeah, welcome, dude. I'm from the Hartford area. Circus. That is a, bought a few spots later for the new dean. Got you, foul. That's awesome, dude. Peter, I'm with a 10 box spot. Peter with some encased spots. Craig with a pristine spot. Towel in with the Chargers. Yeah, whalers country. Damn right, Sammy. I appreciate that, Pocah. Thank you, thank you. Alec Manoa and Victor Robles. Next part's my sleeve in September. Nice. Gunner Henderson. What are you going to get? Borber. Yeah, what are you going to get? I'd like to know how you're going to like, you're going to put like all stuff together or you just separately put the pieces. All right, encased cards now. Dean hit me up on Facebook. Cody Bellinger, Yvonne Herrera. I think we got it in. Yeah, Dean. I don't think we have any in stock yet. I think it releases tomorrow. There's Anthony Rendon to 75. Batman and villains. That's sweet. That is sweet, dude. Hell yeah, Dean. Shane Bieber to 25. Nice one there for the Guardians. Autos are going to be Jordan Groeschans for the Marlins and a Blea Madriss or Blime Madriss 299 for the Estros. All right, second box of pristine now, pristine arena. We'll finish with our tribute box. Again, 21 to go on Sapphire. Everybody got to get that filled up if we want to continue on here. Got to get that filled up. Ten box slowly, but surely, I believe, is now under 10 to go, a 10 box football. Luminance is very close to being all done. I'm going to catch you now. Trey Turner, blue Davis Martin to 75. Riley Green, Fresh Faces. I did not actually, did not see that hook up. Davis Martin, Edgar Martinez. Talk about a time to pull that. Maybe I did actually. Now, I think about it. Rap 80, rookie. And Jim Tomi. I know, my trout didn't make it either. My trout 101 didn't make it, no. Ricky Henderson, Kyle Schwarber. Nice one there, rookie Jersey Otto going to the Phillies to be fair. To be fair though, the lowest valued card was like over $5,000. That's why. It was a crazy week this week. Gear Downs, Adley Rushman. There's a lot of like, I know, I know, yeah. Alcantara, Starling Marte to 75. I'll check it out, brother. There's Peter Lanzo, oh snap. Might do it out there. It's a good idea, yeah. Matt Sui and Kyle Tucker. Yeah, when I do my, I want Carl to do my first one for sure. Vladimir Guerrero Jr. Next time I'm up in Connecticut, I gotta make sure I know them. There's a Giancarlo Stanton, Purple Mike Trout to 99. The Angels, Gervado, Hank Aaron, Hank A. A. Ron. Now we're in Cased Guards. We've got Mariano and Justin Morneau, Yankees Twins. The eight box top curl mixer tie. It is not, I think it's still like two or three breaks out. We've got, uh, yeah, Pristine, then Finest. It goes at 840 pm Eastern time. Scott with two 10 box spot, Christian with a pristine spot. Got a blue of Larry Walker for the Cardinals to 75. Orange rookie, Jeter Downs to 25 for the Matts. Vaughn Grissom, rookie refractorado, nice one there for the Braids. And oh snap, Otto is Walker Bueller going to the Dodgers. He's got a nice auto. I always like Bueller's auto. And Tribute. Tribute time, everybody. I'm not seeing Earnstripes. You know, Tony or Trout, Earnstripes to five. Giant Angel. That would be awesome. How many you got left? So, that was it. That was it, yeah. That went quick. Juan and Bobby Whit. Oh, Tribute Autograph Patch Card, 1950, Ozzy Elbis. That looks like it could be on the throwback like Hank Aaron patch because it's a lighter blue. That's awesome for the Braves. Congrats. That's sick. All out, yeah. Well, I got my Mio energy, so I'm chilling. That Elbis is awesome. Johnny got to take a look at this when you come in. McGuire and CJ Abrams. There's Adrian Beltray. Triple Jersey to 199. Jersey Jersey Bat. That's Elbis, but I think that's from like the throwback Hank Aaron, like the blue and white ones, the jerseys. Yeah, it's pretty sick. That was fine, but Perez and Cabrion Hayes got Dual Jersey. Alec Manila. I'll be going to the Blue Jays. Eric Glue. Green Bobecheck to 99. Nice one there. Blue Jays again. Hey, George Springer. George Brett, man. I am messing up this pack here, dude. Riley Green Rookie. I can get that one right. Riley Green Rookie for the Tigers. And Tyler Freeman. Rookie Auto for the Guardians to 199. Darren with the Rades on Channel 2. Brian with a 10 box spot. Dude, I think we're like almost sold out on 10 box Tuesday football now. We're at six to go on 10 box football. That was at 20 when we like started the break basically. So thank you all. Appreciate that. O'Neill Cruz. Luis Castillo. That's an orange. John Carlos Stanton to 25, 19 to 25 for the Yanks to color jersey. Pinstripe action there. And last pack. Oh, the break. Good luck, everybody. Got Wanda Franco, Albert Pujols, and a Ryan Howard 107 of 150 for the Phillies. Really cool one there. All right. Let's do a quick recap here, y'all. Jerseys. You've got Alec Manoa, Adrian Beltray, and a John Carlos Stanton. Edward, what up, buddy? Edward. How you doing, my man? Thanks, sir. Got Autos now, Ryan Howard, Tyler Freeman, really cool Ozzy Elbys. Kyle Schorver, Tom Glavin, Alex Kahl, Oscar Gonzalez, Kodaisenga, Matthew Batten, Freddie Furman, Gerard and Carnassione, Yenor Diaz, Tyler Freeman, Freddie Furman, Gerard Schuster to 50, Jason Alexander to 50, Goldie to 25, nice one there. Jordan Groeschens, a Blee Madras, Vaughn Grissom, and Walker Bueller. I was going to do it for the break, guys. Pretty solid overall. Coming up next, we've got the Divisional Sixboxer.


Creating animated videos using PowerPoint. PowerPoint is a program that most of us have been familiar with for years, but it can be so much more than just a presentation tool. In this video, we'll dive into PowerPoint as a video creation tool. PowerPoint has a great built-in animation system. You've probably used it before to animate text or images on your presentations, but you can also use the system to create simple, compelling scenes that you can export as videos right in PowerPoint itself. Once you've learned the basics of animating in PowerPoint, you can make your project as simple or as complicated as you'd like. These techniques can be applied to add some interest to a regular slide deck or to create a fully animated video story. The first step to any project is to launch PowerPoint and select a template or a blank presentation. Many of the templates and placeholders in PowerPoint are great when designing a presentation, but are not as helpful when creating an animated video. Try starting from scratch by selecting blank presentation and, if desired, adding a title slide with the title of your video. What we will be doing over the course of this video is creating a slideshow with each slide acting as a different scene in the final video. After your title slide, you'll want to add a new blank slide by clicking the down arrow beside the new slide button and choosing blank slide from the available options. To begin an animation, you'll need images to use. You can insert images from PowerPoint as well as images you found on the web or created yourself. More recent versions of PowerPoint now come with a large collection of images, icons, cut-out people, stickers, and illustrations. From the Insert tab, tap Icons. Here you can search for and choose your desired graphic. Once you have selected your graphic, tap Insert to place it onto your slide. You can also search the web for images from right in PowerPoint by clicking Insert, Pictures, and Online Pictures. Here you can search for the perfect images for your video. A helpful tip for finding images to animate is to type whatever you're looking for in the search bar and add the word illustration afterwards. In this case, we're searching for park illustrations. You can also add PNG after your search term to find images with a transparent background. As an alternative, you can insert graphics you have already found online or created yourself. From the Insert tab, tap Pictures and then select this device. Locate the graphic you wish to insert and tap Insert. If you want to add an image to the background of the slide, consider adding it from Design, Format Backgrounds instead. In Format Backgrounds, you can change the color of your background as well. When you've found a graphic that works for you, it may need to be altered to work properly in your video. To resize your images, simply click and drag from the corners until they reach your desired size. To crop your graphic, select the graphic you want to crop. Select the Picture Format tab and click Crop. Use the black corner guides to resize your graphic. Once you're finished, select Crop again. You can also remove the background from an image by choosing Remove Background from the same Picture Format menu and marking the areas you want to keep or remove from the final image. In the same menu, you can also change the sharpness, contrast, or transparency of your images. These options can be helpful if you want something like a background to appear out of focus. You can play around with other effects such as recoloring graphics, adding shadows or reflections to images, or even changing the perspective. PowerPoint comes equipped with a variety of animations. Once you have your images and icons chosen and placed on your slide, navigate to the Animations tab. You'll see the animations organized by color. The green animations are entrance effects. These alter the way your media enters the scene. The yellow animations are emphasis effects. These are animations that take place when an image is already on screen, and the red animations are exit effects. These alter the way your media exits the scene. There are also path animations. These are the primary type of animation we'll focus on in this video. The motion paths are more customizable, and in combination with other effects, you can create simple, effective animations. To begin, click the Animation pane button in the Animation tab. This extra window will allow customizations of each phase of your animations. Start by clicking the first object you'd like to animate. To create a custom animation, click Path Animation, and choose any of the options under Custom. With these, you will simply be able to draw a path for your object to move along. PowerPoint will automatically preview your animation after you make any changes. If it's not exactly to your liking, you can alter the path by clicking and dragging the endpoint of the path, or the path itself. Or, with your path selected, click on Effect Options in the main animation menu, and select Edit Points. From here, you can add, remove, or edit any specific points along the path. In this menu, you can also reverse path direction. This is helpful if you've already got an animation path you like, but you want it to move in the opposite direction. The Standard Entrance and Exit animations work in the same way, although they don't have as much potential for customization. You can preview your animation at any time by clicking the Preview button in the top left corner of the General Animations tab, or the Play From or Play All button at the top of the animation's pane. Once you have created an animation, you can begin to customize the effect and edit the timing. This can all be done in the animation's pane. In Effect Options, you can change certain features of your chosen effect, as well as what happens after an animation. You can also add a sound effect, smooth the beginning or end of the animation, make it end in a bounce motion, and auto-reverse the animation. In Timing, you can choose to start your animation on click, with previous, or after previous. This will change the queue to begin the animation. You can also customize the duration, delay the start, repeat, and rewind your animation. By default, the timing is set to on click, and the duration is set to 2 seconds, medium, but you can customize any length you'd like. Customizing the timing of your animation is what will make it succeed as a video. For the final video, we want the whole presentation to play out on its own, with minimal interference by the operator. Play around with starting your clips with previous or after previous, and adding delays to make each animation flow seamlessly into the next. You can stack multiple effects on one object by adding emphasis effects, as well as motion effects. For example, if you wanted an object to shrink or grow as it moves across the screen, you can add a path animation, and the grow shrink animation. Make the emphasis effect start with previous, and match the timing, and the two effects will happen simultaneously. If you have scenes on multiple slides, you can utilize the PowerPoint Transitions menu. Here you can choose from various transitions. Click Effect Options to edit the movement directions of the transition, as well as change the duration, timing, and add sound effects. Once you've finished your animation, you're able to add a voiceover or background music right in PowerPoint. Click on the Recording tab and choose Audio. From the drop-down menu, you can select Audio Browser or Audio from File, and allow you to browse your computer and music library to select any audio. You can also choose Record Audio to individually record separate audio files for each slide or scene in your presentation. You can edit any audio and their timings in the Playback tab that appears when an audio clip is selected. Another way to record a voiceover is also in the Recording tab. Click Record Slideshow, and a full-screen window will open with your presentation in it. Here you can record audio as the slideshow progresses. The Record Slideshow feature will also set all the timing for your finished video. This way, when you export the final version, PowerPoint will know how much time there should be between any mouse clicks. This will essentially allow the presentation to play out by itself. All you have to do is press Play. If you have a script you want to stick to, write it in the Notes section of each slide, and the text will appear for only you to see for reference during your recording. Don't worry if you make any mistakes. When you've finished your recording, you can edit the clips in the Playback menu. You can trim the clips using Trim Audio, Add Fades, Change the volume, as well as make sure the audio is playing at the correct times. If you have background music, you can also choose Play in Background, which will automatically play your music across all the slides without cutting it, and loops the audio until the presentation is over. To preview your entire presentation, full-screen, go to Slide Show tab and click Play from Start, or click the Slide Show icon in the very bottom menu next to the Zoom slider. Once you're happy with your final animation, click File, Export, then select MP4 as your file type. Check the box here to use the timings and narrations that you recorded with the Record Slide Show, or set how much time you want the video to spend on each slide, if there are no timings recorded. Name your video and choose where you would like to export it, and click Export. Once it's saved, watch it back to make sure all the animation, audio, and transition timings were recorded properly. Now you're free to share your finished video with the world.


Pelegrini was a professor in nutrition at the University of Udine and who also holds a position at the University of Wageningen in the Netherlands who will talk to us about sustainable food between reality and false myths. Thank you, good morning. Thank you for a kind presentation and for inviting me to this conference. So sustainable food should be part of a sustainable diet. So we start with the official definition of sustainable diets that are diets with a low environmental impact which contributed to food and nutrition security and to healthy life for present and future generations. Sustainable diets are protective, respectful, respectful of biodiversity and ecosystem, culturally acceptable, accessible, economically fair and affordable, nutritionally adequate, safe and healthy while optimizing natural and human resources. So there are three elements in the definition of these diets that are healthy aspects, environmental impact and socio-economical, socio-cultural aspects. So a diet, I need to move because I cannot read, sorry, in the screen. So regarding the healthy aspects, those diets are based on great variety of unprocessed and minimal processed foods, balanced cross food group. The diets include whole grain, legumes, nuts and fruits and vegetables, can also include a moderate amount of eggs, dairy, poultry and fish, a small amount of red meat. Of course, should be consistent with the WHO guidelines to reduce the risk of diet related and non-communicable diseases. Exactly what should be in a sustainable healthy diet was defined in the Eat, Lonset Commission 2019. They defined the global scientific targets for shifting the world toward healthy diets and sustainable food production, with the idea to feed the aspect that 10 billion of the population. The proposition of the commission was that current dietary trends are not feasible to feed the aspect of the growing population. On one hand, the global border of communicable disease is getting worse and worse, and on the other hand, the footprint effect of the current food production is reducing the stability of the earth system. Therefore, a great food transformation is needed. So the commission established the gram per day of each food group, meaning whole grain, vegetable, fruit, tubers and so on, based on the environmental impact of food production, combined with nutrition requirement for children older than two years and adults. So when the reference diet should be absurd, adopted, is expected a reduction of premature mortality and the possibility to avoid about 11.1 million deaths per year in 2030. So according to the commission, this pattern is flexible within a safe operating space, can feed the population, tailor food to the preferences and cultures of different populations. For this reason, is called also the planetary diet, and so since it can be adapted to different culture and different dietary patterns while maintaining the healthness and environmental sustainability. However, we are far from these reference dietary intake, especially in terms of high introduction of red meat, starchy vegetable, eggs, but lower introduction of plant-based foods such as vegetable, fruit, legumes and so on. So based on that comparison, even if the planetary diet is not a vegetarian diet, it's clear that we should move to a more plant-based diet. However, not all the diets, plant-based diets, are equally sustainable. So it is important to define which dietary pattern is sustainable, but also healthy of course, to support consumers in making sustainable choices. So in this study, they studied the environmental, healthy and animal welfare impact of different common plant-based diets, and they found that higher the square, higher the sustainability, that vegan diet is more sustainable in terms of gas emission, land use, but not in terms of water use, even when compared to the omnivores diet. In the case of healthy impact, Mediterranean diet was the best and combining the results from a questionnaire used to measure the probability of adopting a new diet in a group of Australian adults, the Mediterranean diet was shown to have the greatest projected positive impact followed by the vegetarian diet. So based on these results, we can say that a small quantity of animal product would be a good compromise between health and sustainability. That the vegan diet is not as sustainable as expected and not significant, different from the sustainability of the vegetarian diet was emerged also in our study, in which we use the recorded dietary intake of a group of population instead of the the ideal or hypothetical diet that usually are used. We speculate that the effect of that was due to do probably several aspects. One is that in hypothetical vegetarian vegan diets, usually unprocessed plant-based foods replace animal-based foods. However, in the real diet, people use a lot of industrial highly processed plant-based meat and diet substitutes. Moreover, the lower density energy density of plant-based foods results of course in an higher food intake for vegan with respect to the vegetarian, so therefore a higher impact, especially in terms of water consumption. So these considerations allow me to highlight three aspects that are for me central when you find a healthy diet and healthy sustainable diet. The question is, are plant-based foods substitute always more sustainable than animal products? Are plant-based foods substitute as nutritious as animal food they replace and which functional unit should be used to evaluate the environmental impact of food? So I will go over these aspects with you in the next slides. So meat alternatives can be produced using different protein sources, for example gluten, soy, but also insect, microprotein, and so on. In this study, the authors evaluate the life cycle calculated from the griddle to the plate of several meat substitutes compared to a fried chicken that is considered the most environmental friendly meat. As you can see, some lab grown alternative meat produce a lot at a very high impact, but in the case of gluten and other plant-based foods, the difference with the impact of chicken was not as big as expected, probably due to the energy that is consumed during the extraction of protein from their sources. In this study, they calculate the life cycle stages from a cradle to gate, in this case a retail, of two alternative milk and a regular one. They use two functional units. One was the liter of milk and the results are reported, so more or less in all the aspects that regular milk perform the worst except in case of global warming and in case of water intake. But when we considered the kilogram of protein in the milk that they provide, the picture changed completely. In this case, the animal milk performed the worst with respect to other milks. So why use these units? Because milk is of course a source of protein in our diet, so it is important that milk substitutes provide at least the same nutrients than the food they replaced. This brings to the second question. Unfortunately, the reply is no. This is clear when we have a look at the title of this study. The authors propose that it is time to define the nutrient standards for these baby ages, plant-based baby ages, because they in general their nutrition quality is very low. So they focus especially on a quantity of protein, quality of protein, and also they suggest that a serving of this milk should contain at least the 50% of nutrient requirement, daily nutrient requirement of at least calcium vitamin D, vitamin B12. They analyze also commercial plant-based baby ages present in the USDA database and following their standard, nutrient standard, they just this large amount of baby ages in only 5% of them met the nutrient standard. So based on what I already said, the critical point in defining sustainable food is for sure the functional unit. You can have a different approach, for example in case of milk protein, kilo or quantity of protein, or as it launched commission use a serving of food and they in fact evaluated the environmental effect of each food group based on the serving of food. However, we don't eat all food in the same quantity and the same frequency especially this should be clear, considered for example this graphic representation of a sustainable Mediterranean diet. Of course, cereals, vegetables, fruit are consumed in large portion every meal, that should be consumed at least in large portion every meal. This being a large quantity of these foods. On the contrary, animal protein sources should be consumed in smaller portion on the weekly basis. So bring to a smaller quantity and therefore a smaller impact than when we calculated on the basis of, for example, kilo or liter of food. So there are several aspects that could be considered when we try to define a sustainable food and a sustainable diet. For example, a colleague in Milan defined an Italian Mediterranean dietary pattern based on the Eat, Loneset, Reference diet and also they evaluated a carbon footprint changes when in that diet gradually we substitute food with other food. In this case, in this graph, for example, fresh food with frozen vegetables, local fruit with important, imported fruits or seasonal vegetables with greenhouse grown vegetables. As you can see, the way the food is produced, the vegetables is produced has a big impact on the diet. So how to conclude this difficult and complex topic, I would say that it is tricky to push consumer toward a more plant-based diet without accepting the fact that they will continue to consume more convenient and ready to eat plant-based foods. So we need to find a way to reduce the environmental impact of these foods, but on the other hand, these foods should be made healthier. For example, for to find them with vitamin B12 that present only in animal sources, that of course needs to be extract or synthesized. So using additional resources. So that could generate further doubt of the sustainability. So the path toward a sustainable diet is still long and unfortunately full of challenges. And thank you for the attention. Thanks a lot, Nicoletta. We have time for questions. One from the floor. Thank you very much for wonderful presentation. I'm not inspired in this and therefore I wonder, I want to ask you, a lot of vegans eat raw food and what is the bioavailability of all these micronutrients from raw food when compared to cooked food? Could you please answer if they also lack all these micronutrients? Thank you for the question. In terms of soluble vitamin, it's better of course to eat raw food, but the digestibility and the bioavailability, for example, of proteins or liposoluble compounds is lower when you consume the raw foods, so then the cooked food. So in general, of course, in general depends on the type of cooking methods and so on. But not always, I would say that not always the raw food are better than cooked foods. Exactly. But therefore I needed your opinion for that. And also regarding meat-based and fish-based products, do you think it's more healthy to eat raw like sashimi than cooked fish? For example, even if light cooked, then you have more bioavailability of proteins or it's also the same as vegetarian food. Vegetarian food? Yes, it's a complex question. For me, vegetarian depends on the food, so it's complicated because every food has its own cooking method, of course, different cooking methods, but the best in terms of to increase the bioavailability and so on. For example, we say that cooked meat usually release more proteins, but sometimes if the temperature is too high, for example, when you roast there or so on, you produce cross-linking between the proteins and this reduces the digestibility. And also my question was when you cook meat or fish, then you aggregate the proteins and then for enzymes to cleave them, exactly. That was my point. So do we reduce bioavailability or not so much if it's light cooking, for example? Light cooking in this case is better than raw. Okay, thank you. We have to connect with the Philippines, so I think we'll leave the questions for after. I just have a quick one for you. In terms of the adherence to the eat lancet diet, one of the most striking things is that, especially in Europe and North America, we're eating too much meat. What are the greatest obstacles to changing that situation? Are these consumer habits or are these resistances from the animal farming system or is it both? Both, probably. It was both. I would say both. And the study I presented was related to also which diet could be adopted. And of course, it's not a vegan diet because it's too extreme for omnivores people, but probably Mediterranean or a diet in which you could reduce the quantity of meat could be a good option. Thank you. We'll have time for questions at the end of the next presentation also for Nicoleta, who will be here. And our next speaker is...


Welcome. Thank you for waking up so early. I don't know if any of you were at Keynote yesterday on NGI. Next Generation Internet anyone? Yeah. I don't know about you, but I felt kind of revolted to hear what I heard. We're in February, sorry, sorry. We're in February and the EU calls are coming at a deadline in April, mid-April. That means we don't have much time to work. And I was quite surprised that the presentation yesterday didn't present a consortium, didn't present people working on this. So I will briefly present the consortium we've set up to work on ICT 28. So we're not going for ICT 24, which is what was presented at the Keynote yesterday about intermediaries giving money to projects. We're going for money that our consortium will consume and we're looking towards ICT 24 research and innovation action next year where your project will consume stuff. So this is not exactly true because part of our consortium is making software and part of our consortium is making hardware and all of our consortium is grassroots people. There are four keywords in this presentation, community, technique, training and a fourth one which is related to people and community, but I can't remember. Yeah, grassroots, I said it already, that's why. So over the last few years we met at different places. People from the federated web, people from the peer-to-peer, people from the mesh networking community and we were always having this question coming up. How do we fund our development? It took some years, but finally we have something called CCT, the Center for Cultivation of Technology that is based in Germany. That is developing a platform to offer free software projects, informal free software projects a possibility to get donations, get funding and pay their taxes without having to take care of it. I recommend you to have a look. This is our coordinator on ICT 28 which is about future hyper-connected sociality. You will hear a bit of European keywords here, I'm sorry. What we want to do really is to create a meeting space to federate existing projects. So we need to define what is social media, what we understand by social media. I was very happy that Tristan showed this SecuShare slide about we need to build a new internet. It was made by Lynx a few years ago to talk about SecuShare at the CCC. I was also happy to have a right atlas presentation just before because this is about the range of what we need to understand as social media. Something that brings free software and technology to the technical community but also things that people use who are not technical and this is very important. This is something key to our project. Maybe I should say if you can swipe one slide left. So this is the name of the consortium. I let you parse the recursive acronym. We have other acronyms that we will keep secret until April. So the very idea is to bridge these communities together. To work with people who don't have any interest in technology. People who don't need to know the chemical components of what they eat but still need to eat. So this comes from the text of Ryan T. Book. The introduction of the text of Ryan T. Book that you can find at the tour booth. Ignifugo is here. She can sell some to you. I recommend to everyone in this room reading this book. It's available in languages. So this is what we understand about community-based social media. We want existing projects, existing communities come together, say what they have to say about how we want the next generation internet to be. So this has nothing to do with how Europe wants it. Because Europe wants blockchain. Europe wants a lot of keywords that we don't care about. But we have to go by their rules in order to get their funding to our community. So that it's very clear. So Natasha is going to play with the slides. Because she knows the slide deck and what's the time? Okay. So what I want to do with this 23 minutes is present the consortium, present a bit of the project and then the last 10 minutes we talk and you tell me what the FOSDEM community in the decentralized room wants to do with this European money in the next three years. It's three years. It starts now. End of April we have the stuff done. End of October we have a response. Hopefully positive from the European Commission. And then everything starts 2019 for three years of funding. At the same time ICT 24 October 2019, no 2018, we can start applying for new projects that will receive between 50,000 to 300,000 euro each. This is a lot of work. Once we have passed the first step of having this public CSA and RIA folders in, then we have a lot more time to address other projects. So yes, this is a very important slide because ICT 28 about future hyperconnected sociality is full of keywords. I mentioned blockchain. I didn't mention fake news. So who knows that fake news existed since the Bible? Nice. If you're interested in validating this information, I recommend a book by someone called Rabinowitz about erotic literature. At the time the Bible was written, for example. Autonomedia, it's called, I can't remember. I can give the reference later. So to fake news, the European Union wants, like a number of Silicon Valley people, to give a definitive response that is algorithmic truth. We want to tackle, no, not we, not me. These people want to tackle fake news with blockchain to verify the information. In case you want to know, it doesn't validate with protection of sources. So we came up with another idea, which is how do people prevent fake news nowadays without blockchain? They ask their friends, yeah? They ask their friends, their friends ask their friends, and their friends ask experts, refer to people who actually know things about what is being discussed, and they get together and they make knowledge and they make this knowledge available to everyone. This is how we've been doing it forever. So we call it epistemic validation. And it's based on community practice, which means we want to go to existing communities, take machines there that will enable them to collaborate, discuss, validate knowledge, share this knowledge. But there's also another very important part to this. Once you have machines and you have software, decentralized software, to bring these people together and have them work together, you have a couple of problems. First, probably these people already have their habits. So you cannot come to a community and say, hey, look, we have a fantastic technical solution for you. This is free software. You're going to love it and you're going to use it. And they're happy and you go there and you show stuff and it works and they're super happy and you go away and they stop using it. So that's this. There's another thing also, which is they already have knowledge. You don't go to them and say, hey, we want to show you something. This is what capitals do, colonizers, Silicon Valley, et cetera. They come to you and they say, hey, we have a perfect solution. Look at it. No, we don't have perfect solutions. We have many solutions to many different problems. Social media is just not how Facebook does it or how Twitter does it. And this is certainly not how we do it. I see an anti-fascist action t-shirt. It's a bit different. So we want to bring technology, free hardware technology, for example with our partner Olimax, whom you know already, bring people who make software, put this software in the boxes, bring people who don't make software, talk to these people who make software, have them understand in a way that they can transmit that knowledge. Already we have a package and this package, we deploy it around Europe. Thousands of boxes, thousands of communities, thousands of different approaches where we can say, okay, because it's a research and innovation action. Say, okay, here we deploy RIPE Atlas probes. Here we deploy Mastodon. Here we deploy Wynuno host. Here we deploy, I don't know, Secuchare. That's the bulk of the idea. I know that you're showing this slide specifically to talk about Baobaxia, which is a very interesting project based on Git. It has no security at all. From a technical point of view, it's almost terrible to have this, but it serves a very interesting purpose in that it allows people to share knowledge, knowledges, we would say, because very different types of knowledge, to preserve their culture, to preserve... We're talking here about a community, the former slave community in Brazil. That was granted when slavery was abolished in Brazil. They were granted a large part of Brazilian territory, ranging from urban spaces to swamps and deserts. There are 2,000 communities and there is this Baobaxia network that connects 200 of them. Some of them have what we know as always-on connectivity. You have electricity, internet, and it just works. Some of them have zero electricity. This has to be delay tolerant in a way that we are not used to think about. This is that kind of use cases that we also need to take into account when we see our computers hacking away. We cannot think about all the use cases that come. For example, I had this discussion yesterday with some people who are really interested in the blockchain and they are convinced that you can use blockchain for social good. Fine, but these people in the jungle cannot use blockchain. The blockchain won't solve their problems. If 90% of what's in your fridge comes from your garden, to the blockchain your fridge is empty. So, technical systems have biases. You saw the slide of Laurence Lessie called this law. We have made this little book yesterday. Software freedom your way. There are very few paper copies left, but the bulk is here. Code is politics. With freedom comes responsibility. All actions happen in a situation. We don't say bottom up, say topless. And when in doubt, fork. So, that's the way we want to make this EU thing, working with communities, not from top down, not from bottom up, but topless, transversely, all together. And that's why I have about 10 minutes left and I want to engage with you right now about how you feel we should make stuff with this EU funding. Just before I want to tell you that we have a working platform that is a discourse at ps.soetical.com. I don't know if we have the URL here, but this is where we are going to make our EU work. Starting in April, most probably, we will start doing public stuff. There are a number of events that we'll keep on talking about this. THSF in May, RMLL in July, trans-hack meeting in the end of August somewhere, maybe in Tarnac. Other events of this community around the year. If we get the funding, probably we do something at CCC. That's it. Which one? Try HTTPS. Yeah, sorry. We had the hosting without HTTPS when I made this slide. Now there is HSTS, so you cannot go to HTTPS. All right. I didn't talk about the platform, I didn't talk about the partners. Do you want information about the partners? So I mentioned Olimax. GAMDI is around the French registrar. We have an open university through a very interesting, nice project called Cobra Collective. Have a look, CobraCollective.org. They're doing lots of very interesting things with remote communities in the Amazonian. We have a large volunteer network, Service Civil Internationale, which is going to be 100 years old in 2020. That's four. We have CCT to coordinate the action. CCT is very important because it's an intermediary to free software projects. So for example, I don't know, hobbyo.io is using CCT as the official entity. So we have, I'm a bit lost now. Oh yeah, we wanted Via Campesina. Via Campesina, do you know about this organization? It's a peasant organization, worldwide organization of anti-Monsanto farmers. But they're too busy right now, so they won't do it. Yeah, PEP Foundation, pretty easy privacy. So a tip when you make new consortium, Switzerland pays for stuff that Europe would pay for normally, so it's free money for your consortium. Maybe NetWood, we have to talk about this. Who else, that active from University of Amsterdam? They've been doing a lot of data analysis from activism. Yeah, and we're trying to get EIC network into the consortium, but they're very slow to respond. So if you have press outlet or better bridge of consortium, it's okay. And probably I'm eating on your time, so I will stop here. Actually, since it was, they kept saying, And now it's time for us to start working on this. Let's start working on it, as if no one's been working on this. So thank you. Regarding the consortium, I'd love to chat to you about when we can help with envy. In terms of partners, I would also maybe possibly suggest open net, might be a very interesting entity to look at for democratizing your domain name at work. But mostly, I just wanted to say, I think our focus should be on building, where we build a lot of open sources, we build great things for ourselves. Wonderful hobby projects, not to put them down in any way. They work great, they're designed great for us, not for everyone else. And I think part of that problem is that we're not diverse. So I think one of the key things that we should maybe look into is diversity in our own community so that if we make our community more diverse, the people building these things, then we can decide for ourselves, and still decide for ourselves. So I will repeat for the record. I won't repeat everything, of course. And I'm very bad at repeating things I hear also. So Aral thanked me for a feeling for the last two days that he found his tribe. So yeah, I think it's very nice. He also suggested that we could contact OpenNIC and Indy to talk about consortium partnership. He also mentioned diversity. Oh yeah, and you see yesterday saying that we need to start work on things like if nobody was working on it. And diversity in our community. As I complained about the lack of diversity in this room for the day, I must say that we didn't try anything about it in our consortium, but it happens that more than half of the people working with us are women. So Natasha is here and Svetlina is here also. So maybe I can pass the mic, it will be easier if someone wants to talk. Hi, so I was in Brazil, the Columga people a few months ago in the community with no electricity, tried to build up a GSM network and I'm a little confused with this weather. Yesterday at the keynote, I was seen very obviously know that if you want to build new networks with new ideas without breaking stuff that you build them in some kind of sandbox. And one other thing that was really interesting about Brazil is that it's the only place where I work or people are building community networks where they've actually specifically specified that they don't want to connect to the internet.  Brilliant, we can have Facebook. These people have actually said, that's the last thing we want. We want to build our own community network first, see how that works from grassroots up and then maybe we'll federate. So it seems to me that that would be a really good idea and the question is, is the EU, because yesterday we also heard that the new internet is about EU values which I wonder what they are. I think it's part of that tech will fix the human problem problem. But is the EU in any way going to help me to find projects that would help build community networks in Brazil that are specifically against federating with the likes of Facebook? Yeah, except it won't be within the consortium because Brazil is not part of the countries we can work with which is very problematic because Barbaxia is a Brazilian project and we have many interesting contacts there. There is also Radio Mundial, Digital. That's an alternate DRM acronym that you can use. Digital Radio Mundial, it's a way to connect of a short wave, send data of a short wave long distance, alternate to internet cables. So yeah, have a look at this. Time is up, so I need to leave the floor. Thank you. We are around today and looking forward to meet some of you.