Thank you very much, and so now we are moving on the western part of the Balkans, less Montana, so to say. So in recent years, the Mediterranean dimension of the setting of phenomenon has gained renewed attention. It is now recognized to be a complex phenomenon of long-range intertuned interactions and compasses several Mediterranean regions from the western Balkans to the Peloponnes, Peninsular Italy, Eastern Sicily, Malta, and the Olean Island during the second half of the third millennium BC. Archaeological evidence, though, mainly consists of the distribution of setting a typography across these areas. This new attention perhaps arrays more awareness about setting features, and indeed there has been a burst of setting discoveries in the Mediterranean regions and compassed by this phenomenon. In particular we have new discovery in England, Southern Italy, the Peloponnes, and even in Albania, as Tobie and Maya will show us later. At present it is widely accepted that the core area of setting are its central northern dimension, particularly the Dalmatiansk and Zagora. That is, this is the area in which has yielded the richest evidence of setting asides. So it is assumed that the culture was this ceramic production for the setting apotry flourished there from the third millennium BC till the early second millennium BC. Yet, as we will see, the spread of setting features outside Dalmatia took multiple paths in different forms. It is highly likely that not all the regions yielding setting a feature were actually directly reached by setting groups via movements or via exchange. So the ceramic model possibly spread through multiple contexts. But data on the setting a culture is in its core area Dalmatia remains scanty. It is merely known for its burial context setting consisting in enumation and or incineration under stone tumult. At present, open air settlements are virtually unknown. More data come from caves but those days are merely old excavation and not always published as Professor Govedari reminded us. So we lack any data about the settlement patterns, economic strategies and social organization. We know that setting a culture probably spanned from the third millennium BC to the early century of the second millennium BC but a chronological breakdown as yet to be the refined. And I think that my comment is going to speak about this chronological breakdown possible. So pottery still remain the main evidence for setting up but pottery per se does not correspond to culture nor is suffice to define socioeconomic groups. So anyway, the archaeological research on the western boycott dimension of setting up has gained new inputs in the last few years. The seminal work of Professor Govedari as how the seeds for the development of new patterns of research. He has rightly warned us against the construction of hypotheses about setting up and movements toward the inland western Balkans purely on typological affinities in pottery production and stressed the importance of interdisciplinary studies and advancing archaeological practices with the adoption of models actually based on empirical data. Stasso-Fortenbier most recent works have provided a detailed overview on setting up and address overseas mobility across the Adriatic via Palagrucia and raw material procurement. In 2015 Elena Thomas has launched the SEVAS project systematic archaeological surveys in the Setina river valley in order to reveal the settlement partner of the Setina culture and to examine special relationships between different clusters of tumult and possible settlements. With the Enandris project, Maya and I are aiming at exploring the cultural, social and economical dynamics underlying the Setina phenomenon by adopting an interdiscipline approach. In particular we are carrying out 14th edadies, archaeological analysis on pottery from Dalmatia and the other areas to explore provenance but also technology and manufacturing traditions and then stable is auto analysis on human remains to address pilot diet and subsistence economy and the issues of short range and long range mobility. Maya Moroves carrying out a project focusing on the application of agent-based modeling to explain movements. So these less projects are closely interconnected and benefit from the collaboration of Stasso-Fortenbier, others Collins and local institutions but the international collaboration and interdisciplinarity constitute the strongest point for advancing knowledge on the Setina culture and the archaeological perspective. Now can we actually define a core area of the Setina culture? Can we pinpoint defining cultural features and attempt to recognize borders? And what role did the natural boundaries such as mountain and sea play in connecting or disconnecting? How can we explore patterns of interaction and mobility? So we don't have clear answer now but we take this conference as a welcome opportunity to critical discuss data and new research agenda. So if we try to figure out possible border for the Setina culture it seems that high mountains may define these borders. So the very bit massive define some market of Borcker toward the north while the higher mountain chain of the Dynaric Alps probably define the eastern border while the south massive of mountaineer mountains may have constituted an element of topographic ecological discontinuity. But not a definite cultural boundary. To the south a clear border seems to be marked by less-coded areas out of Scudder. This mountain's case does the limit the core area but when in fact permeable boundaries. The exotic sea to the west is traditionally across that area. Despite sorry despite the posity of data what can be said about the Setina groups in Dalmatia? The Dalmatian scazzagora of river valleys interspersed by the plastic ridges, Mediterranean climatic condition and Mediterranean taxa. We can assume that Setina communities are the low demographic entity and a certain mobility of the territory so that archaeological traces of settlement are very difficult to be detected. The systematic surveys in the Setina valley have been demonstrating that small highs like in the Setina river were settled during the late prehistory and possibly also during the Setina period. Yet the lower river valley also is prone to sediment accumulation which makes prehistoric sites very difficult to be found. Erosion however may be a key factor of the scanty preservation of sediment traces in the carcic plateau that characterized the lower slope of the valley. At present no Setina pottery has been found at Heelfort. On the other hand coastal sites in Dalmatia, Ascanti and marine transgression may have submerged them but nori dense as yet came from underwater research. The tumuli on the other hand were mainly built on high plateau and rich slopes thus marking a different kind of environmental zone from their agriculturally suitable valleys. This possible that tumuli have of course a social function as a gathering place but maybe they could have been also had the function of territorial marks. And so we can we can think about a short range mobility across diverse eco zones that will be marked by the lower valley and possibly settlement in the lower valley and the tumuli on the ridge. So let's now examine the situation of the so-called peripheries. On the one hand Setina pottery has a wide distribution both in the western Balkans and in the neighboring regions with a certain degree of stylistic and technological variability. Such a foreign bar has specifically worked on the stylistic variability of Setina pottery across the various areas defining degrees of closeness to the inspiring models. Yet apart from Dalmatia the distribution of Setina pottery does not perfectly overlap with that of Tsuneri tumuli or at least the two are not always associated. In Istia, Setina type pottery is scarcely known as the art. It has been found at Heelfort settlements such as Moncodonia and caves and at the last one burial tumulus at Barbariga has yielded Setina type shirts. In the Trieste and Slovenian cars Setina pottery's she will come from caves apart from a couple of settlements but tumuli in these areas appear to come into use later on. In the area to the east Bosnia and Herzegomina and to the south Montenegro and North Albania burial mounds are widely widespread and this funerary practice has a longer and well-rooted tradition. Setina pottery is often found in tumuli beside these caves. Sometimes all these tumuli were used in these periods such as Velikagruda and possibly Stoic tumuli 6. Yet Setina type shirts frequently occur at sites that will become ill for in the settlements in the Middle Bronze Age such as Barbara in Western Zagoria or Gaitan in Northern Albania. In Eastern Italy although most of the Setina type pottery has been found as trade finds none of them come from tumuli. The only funerary finds are from Hypergia or Rock Actunes which are traditional types of funerary sites in late Copper Age, Early Bronze Age Ether. So some differences are detectable across the core area and the peripheries. For instance in the core area specific cultural traits appear to be the use of tumuli. Yet outside Almesha this seems to vary possibly in relation to local traditional local traditional funerary consequence. As regards the settlement pattern a point to be understood is whether the appearance of Setina pottery to be ill for only outside Almesha depends on a research bias or whether this actually reflects different settlement choices related to local social economic patterns. So it is highly possible that the spread of Setina type pottery in the adjacent Perifela areas is to be related in most cases to the movement of small group of people rather than to the exchange of goods. The factors that drove those groups to move remain to be understood but this can be read in the framework of wider phenomena of mobility in the thermal and UBC Europe. In any case reason to move toward each region may have differed. For instance presence in the Gargano area may be linked to a well-established tradition or raw material procurement. So which areas they choose to settle in? It will seem that in Adriatic Italy they choose environment similar to that they came from. Instead to settle in the Cossan lie they ventured into the inland ridge in Istria they found a similar artistic environment and possibly they saw the same in the Trieste and Slovenian areas. On the other hand in the Peloponnese this group appeared to have embraced the locally well-established coastal settlement pattern. Setina type pottery in fact has been found particularly at coastal also coastal settlement. Maran has proposed that the interconnection between the Almesha and the Peloponnese were mostly seaborn in nature and that the main purpose was exchange. Evidence of exchange however as can be. Moreover new evidence from central Albania suggest that movements also cross the southern Balkans. Epirus may represent a key region to detect possible inland routes. So the group that move would have maintained their identity archeologically reflected in the use of their traditional setina pottery. At the same time they probably adapted and integrated in the foreign communities. The social cultural scenarios they encountered in the various areas highly differed. For instance communities of the earlier Ladi 2 and 3 Peloponnese had already taken a path towards social complexity that in other areas has yet to be established. So to conclude, mountain landscape has indeed a certain role for the setina group especially the low mountain landscape and in the formation of economic identity. But this setina phenomenon deserves a more contextual approach and general explanation failed to grasp cultural variability and the complexity of cross-culture encounters. Thank you very much.


Hi, my name is Alex, I'm a librarian at the University of Alabama, and in this tutorial I'm going to show you how to use PubMed's advanced search. The advanced search is useful simply because it gives you more options for controlling and refining your search. To really get the most of the advanced search, you need to have a decent understanding of two things, the search fields and the Boolean operators. The search fields just allow you to search in a more precise, controlled way. The default is sort of a grab bag catch-all, but you can narrow your search by choosing a specific field. There are way too many search fields to discuss in one video, but there are a few that I'll touch on. Mesh terms or subject headings are an extremely important concept in PubMed, but we'll do a deep dive on those and other tutorials. Text word, title, and title abstract are ones that I find quite useful. The title search field can be used in a couple ways. If you know an article's title already, you can paste it in and run a title search. Alternatively, if you have a key concept you're searching for, you could do a title search for it. Now every single result should have type 2 diabetes in the title of the article, which is just a way of narrowing your search. You can do the same thing with the title abstract field. This just makes it so the word COVID-19 will be in either the title of the article or the abstract, or both. Finally, a text word search just looks for that specific word or phrase in the text of the actual articles. That's a broader search than a title search. The advanced search really shines when you use Boolean operators in conjunction with field searching. The three Boolean operators are and, or, and not. It combines two or more search terms and narrows your search results. Or is best for looking for related terms and it expands your search results. Not simply excludes a certain search term. Quick examples of each. I'm looking for articles about the use of vitamin D in treating COVID-19. So I'll want to combine those terms with and. I'll start by looking for COVID-19 with the field title abstract. COVID-19 is the key part of all of this. I'll then combine that with a text word search for vitamin D. This will bring back articles that have COVID-19 in the title and or the abstract. And vitamin D will be mentioned in the full text of the articles. I'm going to show the or Boolean operator by searching for articles about COVID-19 again. We'll start by doing a title abstract search for COVID-19. But here I want to search for SARS-CoV-2, which is the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. They are fairly related terms so I'm going to add this to the search with or. This then finds articles that mention either COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 and the title or abstract. You might notice that the advanced search page contains your search history. They even give a search a number, which can be really useful in one specific way. You can simply type the number of a specific search into the search box and it will rerun that search. You could then add another search term to that. So in this case, I'm searching for vaccine and that one specific search, which is our search for COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2. The final Boolean operator is not, which just gets rid of a search term. It's not hard to imagine where this might be useful. Searches often bring back results that aren't exactly what you were looking for. And that's all for this tutorial. We have other PubMed tutorials available if you want to learn more. And remember, if you have a question, just ask a librarian.


time now see you want gel you want gel you want gel I help you hey you guys how you guys doing it's time for another chitchat videos some things have transpired in the universe so I want to talk about it right now before we I probably should wait but I don't want to wait to be quite honest so y'all know how we do this I talk about what's going on in my personal life what I'm watching on YouTube and what I'm watching on TV while we're doing this I'm gonna be pre-pointing my hair I haven't hair or make sure this will be a separate video so personal life not much has changed besides the fact that JB is really talking to his friends and and cousins you know technology is awesome we're seeing with this new generation of that they're able to still have have because for the like this I'm kind of concerned about the generation what's what's the age range I guess like anyone 30 and under they really lack social skills like they really do like we were raised to where you you look people on the eye you greet them you say yes me I'm no man maybe from the south you know you greet people you talk to them this younger generation they just don't know how to talk they don't know how to conversate but JB and you know his friends and his little cousins my nieces and nephew they talk via kids messengers in child they can talk a lot and I mean like a couple of hours throughout the day they're talking and it's so cute this this age is just so interesting because they're still learning their personalities and stuff so we haven't really had a chance to do much with JB one of the things I wanted to do with him is make sure that his multiplication table is down solid you guys my child struggles with the multiplication table and he's going to be going into the fourth grade this is something he should have learned in second grade but as you know most children or an average about two years behind so this summer my whole focus was for him to learn the multiplication table and those you don't know at homeschool JB for first grade and that main focus was to help him in a reading because he was a struggle reader and now he's doing very very well but with multiplication tables he's kind of struggling on it so we are focusing on skip counting and then the flashcards and then I'm gonna have girl look at that great hair look at that um today JB and I went to Hobby Lobby girl they already got the fall decorations out I mean seriously it's already out now I know one thing I do need to get some Christmas houses for my um pretty call it my village because most of my stuff broke you guys when moving here they got all the scare crows and stuff out I'm like wow y'all ready to make some money and there's tons of people in their hobby lobby is really big in the south in general especially in Texas anyway hot we know it's hot let me tell you something it is so hot now when I'm going out I make sure I have plenty of water because the first a few times I've been out I've been getting busy you guys and so I'm like I definitely need to be drinking more water because it's too hot it is just way too hot I know JB want to go swimming a couple of days I'm like baby it's too hot for all that you can go and sit in the bathtub I feel a bathtub go sit in the bathtub I feel the bathtub up for you and you can sit in there because it's too hot to be outside child way too hot so that's it with the personal life what I'm watching on TV more true crime as it is child I'm addicted to it I know I shouldn't watch it that much but it is what it is true crime I kind of laid off from Kendra G she just got so many people coming on there that doesn't make any sense it's really interesting to see people that do poly relationships and swingers I actually used to I doubt if she watches my channel but I used to work with someone way back in Phoenix who was into the swingers lifestyle y'all be surprised and there's there's quite a view quite a few excuse me of swingers in the Phoenix area specifically a town called Anthem which is north of Phoenix going towards beautiful Sedona but if you would look at her you would have never guessed of course you would have never guessed she was the swinker in that lifestyle very quiet mousy and she was like there's not a lot of you guys one day she told me she's like there's not a lot of you guys in this lifestyle I said what I say oh no first of all we're ready to way too jealous and way too crazy and way to protect the rubber significant others there's no way I'm pretty sure there's some but not a lot I know you probably you know probably upset a little upset about that but child she told me that I'm I'm not talking like this oh because of Kendra Jean but anyway she told me one of the main reason why her her and her husband separated was because of an eventually got a divorce it's because the person that they were swinging with ended up getting pregnant because he was you know doing stuff on the side because you supposed to have um you supposed to have permission especially if you married was to have permission apparently he was doing things on the side and she ended up getting pregnant they ended up falling in love and that's it girl let's get into this Carly Russell let me tell you something I am more frustrated and just upset it's a five I know that's not a word that's a nasty word too I'm more upset I don't really think you know I've been seeing the meat and sell I don't you know it's funny later on but it's too soon for me to be laughing about it it's just too much this is my thing those you don't know Carly Russell is a 25 year old black woman here who went missing supposedly in Alabama after she was in the phone with her boyfriend with her brother's girlfriend excuse me and said that there was a toddler on the side of the road and then all of a sudden sudden excuse me there's there's you know commotion and she's gone and she supposedly missing they put out an alert everyone was looking for her plan and then she shows up at her house two days later now the authorities are saying that there was not a toddler missing in that area one and two her story just isn't matching up there are way too many unanswered questions so it may be a hoax here is my thing you wasted so much we wasted so much time money effort looking for this young woman when there are other people who are missing children in the area who are missing and those resources could have been towards those real missing people in cases that are going on these folks don't have time for you because you want a freaking Netflix deal or whatever the hell you this is if it's if it's not true and if it's not true if it is a hoax there is no way she could have done this by herself because by herself excuse me because where was she at for two days like seriously what was she at for two days well which there's no it's somebody a couple I think a couple of people again if it is a hoax one you got some mental issues too a couple of people were in on it I'm glad she's back if she was really you know and she escapes but then there's all of this evidence she found they found excuse me the authorities have found on her computer I don't get this shit it kills me that people don't know that there is an entirely different area that for instance going to which is called tech for instance I guess their cells you know well they're basically going to your cell phone you can delete your calls you can delete your emails they can still find it baby they can still find it so people are dumb enough to do stuff like this an example how to cut up a body best ways to poison a person poisons that don't show up on reports how long does it take for someone to die from Benadryl how much does it take to die from Benadryl how many hours does it take to die from Benadryl how much can I get if my husband dies and I don't have you know just and then they go to Walmart or whatever store on camera buying they kill kid they literally be like this I'm gonna show you with bleach and gloves and then they look around at the camera like my light went out they have the receipt of buying the gloves the shovel the plastic bags the zip ties and all that the receipt is in the car are you are you dumb then you have your cell phone on everything's tracking you you keep your cell phone on while you go wherever the hell you wanted to you know this discard the body whatever hell it's just amazes me that people don't and maybe because they just don't there's they're not first of all if you're in this situation anyway or you're trying to commit a crime of course you're gonna do something if it was me I wouldn't do this be smart go to a public library where the skies the skies yourself is someone else go on an off-peak day go to the public library ask to borrow somebody else's like going someone else's laptop keep your cell phone at home keep everything that can track you at home but you know what just don't commit any crimes don't kill nobody don't do anything heinous and you won't be in a situation so y'all I'm really curious to know one if this was a hoax why did she do it so okay so back to the what they found in her computer they found stuff like I guess like either book deals or movie deals she had just watched taken it's just way too much of coincidence and then all of a sudden you're calling 911 because you see a toddler on the side of the road now I honestly don't think that she thought they would get this much traffic I don't think she she thought that really I really don't think she did and because of this now they're really gonna make an example out of her now she's not the only one that has done this y'all don't remember that one woman she was a white woman she was a mother and all that who actually went jogging and was missing but this shit was missing not for today she was missing for a while she had lost weight she was better come to find out she was staying with some ex-boyfriend he she had him to beat her up so so it looked like that she was actually I don't even know why she did that either just crazy like why would you put your loved ones through some stuff like that you know why would you do that why you're you that you know if this is a hoax I'm not seeing that Carly's is a hoax but right now the evidence it's not looking too good sis and this is the thing that that that's just so frustrating and why I'm not really laughing at any of the memes and stuff yet because my thing like I said we wasted all this resources finding your ass there are over 20,000 black women that are missing young women young girls that are missing in this country and you want to do some dumb shit like this if it's fake again I'm glad she's back home I'm hoping that you know we can come to some some type of conclusions we can get some answers because I mean I was praying for her I was praying and hoping to God because typically if they're not found within we know we know when they're not found within 48 hours the chances of us ever finding them again is slim to none that's just facts right but now she's home and apparently she is traumatized so she really can't be speaking on anything right now which is this is what her family is saying right now okay later I will say that besides that child looking at the testament the testimony of um testament Betty Broderick ass I shouldn't have Betty Brock look let me say something it's about two hours long and those you don't know Betty Broderick we bought her I think most of us have heard of the Betty Broderick case if you have a girl let me feel you in Betty Broderick Betty Broderick was a wife and mother from I believe it was like 89 or 90 married to Dan Broderick who went and got married to someone else Linda a paralegal at his job Betty wasn't having it and she ended up murdering Linda and Betty and started Linda and Dan in their house in their home this is the thing that it's just for the longest I was like you know that's what he gets yada yada yada you know not necessarily that's what he gets it's he was the cause of all this because of how he treated Betty and also throughout the divorce even though she was awarded like $9,000 a month and she was doing a lot of petty stuff but at either the end of the day he made her life a living hell a living hell and Dan was well known in San Diego San Diego it seems around that time so many of the lawyers would not take on Betty's case they just wouldn't do it because of Dan and the pool that he had and I felt so bad for her you know like a lot of women did sided with her in this case because she helped him to get through medical school and law school raising the kids working from home you know what she was you know keeping other kids while raising their kids I think she even suffered a miscarriage at one point and this is horrible I think he even had her institutionalized there for a minute absolutely horrible I read one comment where they said that Dan and Linda sent Betty their wedding picture and was like eat your heart out you fat pig you know they did stuff like that but at the end of the day at the end of the day yes Dan was definitely on some narcissistic gaslight and shit excuse my language Betty was also narcissistic to you guys because she she would do stuff like drop those kids off and was like here you you want to be up there with your whore here's the kids so she would drop them off drop them off and here here you go here's the kids so the part of the when she was on the stand and the defense attorney was like did you ever you were writing letters you were writing letters you've written hundreds of letters to people outside to celebrities have you ever written a letter to Dan and Linda's family you know what are you sympathetic and she's basically like I couldn't write them a letter she's like I'm sympathetic to them in layman's terms she's basically sympathetic towards the family but she's not sympathetic about she's not sorry for killing those folks y'all at the end of the day and that makes her a true psychopath she is not sorry for that she's not speaking of YouTube back again though I I love when I come across this is free a free movie on YouTube nothing but trouble is on YouTube for free that's that crazy freaking movie it's almost like Beetlejuice meets hunted Halloween stuff it is funny it's a little scary it's dark comedy it has chase Demi Moore Dan ackroyd and so Dan ackroyd and John John John John John he died of a heart attack back in the 90s John Candy say his name y'all watch this movie when I was a kid like everybody else in the 90s digital underground was saying all around the world same song same song same song I don't know but Tupac was there I didn't realize that was Tupac I mean I didn't cuz my family didn't really listen to that type of rap but my parents at least but yeah Tupac was in there but let me tell you something that scene where they're all at the table and they're eating those nasty to this day I can't eat a hot dog they're eating those nasty hot dogs he has that train going around that ackroyd like John Candy I'm pretty sure I'm getting his name wrong they play multiple characters in this movie and I think Dan ackroyd ackroyd brother actually produced or directed the movie but at one part of the scene then ackroyd plays his old man right he plays the sheriff of the judge he places old judge she's like a hundred and five years old ain't got no leg no hair nothing one part one scene Chevy Chase is looking at him and his nose turns into a penis and I could not stop laughing y'all I was like I don't think I remember that poem I was a kid if I did I just didn't notice it so bird box Barcelona so now we over in Barcelona we got to cover our eyes to shit too but there's a twist on this spoiler alert there is a twist where there's one guy who can't go with seeing whatever they are and he can fight it off and I often wonder that because in the original movie in the original movie bird box the people that were able to see them and not they were typically mad or insane or had some type of cognitive issues but and still with this in this movie there is someone who's able to see them and he's able to see I honestly think they're demons do we know what the entity is or their demons are they what are they so I think there's some type of demonic entity and they appear as people your loved ones or even monsters and it causes you to either kill people or kill yourself so I didn't watch all of it I watched bits and pieces because it's in Spanish is either in Spanish or Portuguese but you can put you know the English captions on but yeah bird box I watch bits and pieces of it I'm sweet Magnolia season 3 is out I'm gonna go ahead and finish up season 2 and watch season 3 okay I'm watching this I actually stopped watching a couple of scenes of it when I came in here this movie called run rabbit run on Netflix it was in the top 10 movies for a while let me see what this stuff is about Australian based and first off run rabbit run I'm a what in the dunny dark oh hell is it's gonna be about spoiler alert so this woman like in the first five or ten well no like the first 30 minutes she's bitten by some rabbit I'm like rabbits can bite I mean I know they eat and they got teeth but I didn't know that they were like I tack you because I own a little friend cuz I'm always back here talking to these rabbits and shit they roll up on me they could be some damn gangsta thug as rabbits and so I need to be careful the rabbits carry rabies child no so anyway this rabbit y'all know I'm extra this rabbit bites her right and I'm like oh this is this is how the spirit is how you got that spirit in you the rabbit bit you you gonna be seeing shit right but no it's not like that it's weird as hell then it cuts to her little girl who's wearing this rabbit mask and she calls her bunny which is cute because my niece is named Bonnie we were we nicknamed her bunny and her bunny goes to school wearing this mask and she said why don't you take that off with her she said no I don't want to take that damn mask off tell you something I would be my nice for the first time even first two times but after a while I'm gonna check you know that reminds me I had to pull over recently with JB I randomly do that because overall JB is a good kid but I had to pull over and let him know I'll win Texas now they don't care about you spanking your kid in public out here we're in the south as long as you're not beating a kid up they'll be like good job mom anyway run a rapid run it's spooky as hell evil as weird as kids which I like so we're gonna see what that's about but that's it you guys don't continue doing my hair I don't know what's going on supposed to be free pulling it hoping it turns out right okay all right


Today, we are going to be looking at this, a USB credit card swiper. If you enjoy my tutorials and would like to see more, please think about contributing to my Patreon account at patreon.com forward slash metalx1000. Now this particular USB credit card swiper I got off Amazon for I think probably about $12 and it works as a hidden device. For those of you who don't know what a hidden device is, that's HID. It stands for Human Interface Device. Basically you plug this in and the computer detects it as a keyboard. So if your computer can accept the keyboard, this should work on it. And then, you know, whatever software you're using, which we're going to write something today in Bash. As long as it can take text input, you swipe the card and it outputs all the data that's on the strip. Now on cards, let me grab some here, like these three cards all have magnetic strips on the back. Yeah, there we go. These are hotel room card keys. I got them a little bit before I bought the card swiper. I was on a trip and I held on to these because they reprogrammed the doors after you leave so you keep these cards. They actually work as coupons too, these ones have pizza on them. Now credit card swipes, the strips on them, the magnetic strips are basically the same thing as an old cassette tape. In fact, if you look inside any credit card swiper, if you look in there, it actually looks just like the head of a tape recorder because it basically is. And what happens is you swipe this and basically on some credit card swipers, it just plays audio into an audio input and then the software decodes it. With this particular device, it's much easier than that. You don't need to decode it because the device itself decodes it and again just types it as a keyboard. I do want to note that this particular swiper, which I'll try to remember to put a link in the description to it on Amazon or you can just search USB card swipers on Amazon and it should come up, is that it is a three track, I think it's called, a three track card swiper, which these strips can have multiple sizes on them. So if you look at this, let me turn off my automatic focus here. You can see I've got two credit cards here and then one of the hotel room keys and you can see that the hotel room key strip is much bigger. I'm assuming if these are probably three, maybe this is a five track swiper, I'm not going to swipe that strip, I'm not sure on how many tracks.  I'm thinking that maybe the data is on those other two tracks and my card reader can't read it. But credit cards and my driver's license, which we'll also be looking at, will work. There we go. And so let's dive into the code. Okay, let's dive right in. Again, as always, I'm using Vim as my text editor but you can use whatever text editor you prefer. I'm going to call this script swipe.sh. And just while we're in here, what I'm going to do is I'm going to take a card and I'm going to swipe it. There we go. So this is the data from the card. And of course we can, with the credit card, it's pretty simple and straightforward. You can look at the card and see the card number and you can see that this is the credit card number right here. You can also see that this is obviously the last name then first name divided by a slash. And then right here is the expiration date, 2015, the month is five. And then there's other data here now and some other symbols, of course.  So here's an example of a website. Right here you can see this website and this is just one that comes up on Google. You have your length of this particular field and this one's one character. It's the percentage sign which basically says this is a track. Then you have the format code which is one character and if it's a B that indicates that it is a credit card or debit card. So of course you can see right up here we have the B meaning this is a credit card and we know that already. But if you want to write one code that can read multiple different formats of magnetic strips that would be an indicator to what portion, what function in your program if your warehouse functions would be. Then of course you got your credit card number and you got the delimiters which we're going to use to extract the information, the carrot symbols there and then the four digit expiration date and service codes and other stuff like that. So let's go ahead. I'm going to leave this on the screen here so that we can use it as a reference. But of course our first line of our code is, excuse me, bash or it's our shebang line telling our operating system. This code is a bash script and that you should use the bash interpreter. I personally like to clear the screen at the beginning of my codes. I think it looks nice. And then we're going to say welcome, a little welcome message for your program. Now we want to be able to swipe the card, get the information, display it and then not have the user have to start the program over again so we're going to put everything in a loop so that the program continues until we choose to exit or it's killed by the end user which we will put in an exit feature. But for now we're just going to say while one, which is how I do it, different people do it, different things, different ways, one just indicates true so it will be true and we'll continue to loop until it's killed. We're going to say, please swipe your card. And then we're going to use the read function again. This is, I'm assuming you know the basics of shell scripts. I have lots of tutorials on echo and while loops and clearing the screen and reading data from the user and all that sort of stuff. And variables, we're going to be using the cut command a lot in here to divide up variables. I've gone all over that in previous tutorials. I recommend watching my previous tutorials. This one is just more focused on how to cut the information for this particular task at hand which is reading a credit card. I don't want those quotation marks there. So we're going to use read which waits for the user to type some input and again this credit card swiper is a hidden device so it's no different than using a keyboard. So we're going to say read what is typed and save it to a variable called data. At this point I'm going to clear the screen again. We're going to create some variables here and one of the things we want is the credit card number. So what we're going to do is we're going to take the variable of data and we're going to cut it up. Now this could be done with some bash internal commands but I'm just very used to using the cut command so that's what I'm going to use. Of course if you're more at using more better, more better, if you're better than me at using the internal bash functionality you can do this without the external command of cut but cut's going to be on pretty much every system that you're going to be working with pretty much, pretty much. So what we're going to do here is we're going to say dollar sign and then parentheses which is saying the variable that we're creating which is num for number is going to be the output of whatever commands we put inside these parentheses. And then we're going to say data which is the full string basically in our case right here. And we want to find everything after this B and before this carrot symbol. So we're going to say cut with a delimiter of B and we're going to say field 2. So that's a field 1 is whatever is before the B, field 2 is everything after the B. And then we're going to take that since at this point num is everything past the B. We want to cut that to everything before this carrot symbol so we're going to cut it again. We're going to say with a delimiter of the carrot symbol field 1. Next we're going to say name and here we're going to grab the full name and then we'll divide that up for the first name and last name after that. So we're going to say echo again the dollar sign data for the variable of data and colors don't look right. Oh because I didn't put the dollar sign here. I was like that's not right. Okay. So we're going to say cut with a delimiter of and the name as you can see is between the two carrot symbols. So if we're dividing up we're using the delimiter of the carrot symbol we've got three fields. Field 1, field 2 and field 3. And of course we want field 2 in this case so dash F2. So that will get us the full name which right now the variable name is Smith slash John. So what we're going to say is we want the last name to equal whatever name is. We're going to pipe that into the cut command and this time we're going to use the delimiter of a forward slash and this is the last name. The last name comes first in this case. So we're going to say F1. So basically name is this. We're saying take that everything before that first slash. Next let's just cheat and copy and paste that and we will say F name for first name and it's the same thing but it's everything after that forward slash and this should actually be like that. There we go. Now the expiration date. The expiration date is going to be a little bit different. We're going to use the cut command to get everything after the second carrot but there's no real special delimiter. We don't know if this is always going to be a 1. And there's also a 1 in the thing so it's not a good way to divide up. So we're going to grab first off everything this after this second carrot and put that into a variable called X date. And then we're going to take the expiration date which is all this and just say grab the first two characters for the year and then grab characters three and four for the month because the date will always be a four character in size. So say X date equals and we'll say dollar sign echo. I'm sorry dollar sign and inside parentheses echo. And we'll say dollar sign data and we'll pipe that into the cut command with the delimiter of and don't forget I put that in the wrong spot. There we go. Of the carrot symbol and we want field three. So again right now expiration date equals all that. So now we're going to say and again I've done over all this in previous tutorials I want to make that clear. I'm assuming you know the basics but I'm going to try to explain things. If you don't want parentheses sign we're not writing command. We're taking a variable and we're saying take the variable already exists of X date and start very beginning zero and go to characters. That would be our year and then we're going to say forward slash. So it's just going to print the forward slash there dollar sign and then our braces and we're going to say X date and we're going to say go to the end of the second character and go to characters and print that. Okay so if we typed everything correctly now we can output our data. I'm going to delete that line because we're not going to need that. That was just for our reference while creating those variables and now for output we got our input we divided it up put it all into variables. Now we're going to say echo card number equals the variable num and then we'll say echo card holder dollar sign F name dollar sign L name so it goes first name last name and then we're going to say echo expiration date colon dollar sign X date and then just for formatting we're going to say echo and we'll put a little dividing line here because at this point it's going to loop over and ask you to swipe the card again. Now hopefully we've typed everything correctly we're going to save that. Now we just created the scripts we have to make it executable change mod plus X and the name of our script and then dot slash the name of our script and at this point it's going to ask us to swipe the card so let me grab a card let me grab the swiper here and we're going to swipe and I typed something wrong the letter must be a single character I wish you told me which line but shouldn't be hard to figure out oh right here I put a space I'm betting that is it so we'll run our code again and there we go so it's grabbed the credit card number I displayed it there card holder John Smith expiration date 15 if I swipe the card again well you don't really see anything different because it typed out the same stuff so the output is the same because it clears the screen and then looped over again now at this point for us to exit the program we have to kill it with control C not a problem we want to make it a little bit nicer for the end user so what we're going to do here is go back into our code and we're going to create a if then statement that checks the data that is swiped or typed in really if we're going to check data so if the data that is inputted equals an empty string there's other ways to do this I'm just going to say if the data is empty well then we're going to echo exiting and then we can say exit zero which will completely exit the script now we can turn this into an if then and then we can say else and do the rest it doesn't really matter because we're going to be exiting at the script here if that is true and if not it's going to run the script so you could do an if else for the rest of this or you can just it doesn't really matter in this particular situation so let's go ahead and run our code again so we'll run it and of course we can swipe and it brings up the information but if we hit enter it exits out so let's go back in here and put a message to the end user saying press enter to exit so that they know so you run the code at this point I can hit enter and it exits or I can swipe the card see it and at this point I can enter and exit so you could also make it so if they type exit or type Q for quit or whatever you want but I think just hitting enter because you're either going to swipe a card or hit enter to exit so again I hope this code I hope remember to put this code link in the description to it it should be up on my pay spin site which is linked to on my website filmsbychrist.com check out filmsbychrist.com I appreciate you watching so as always I hope that you enjoy this tutorial again if you like my videos and want to support my videos you can check out my patreon page it's patreon.com forward slash metalx1000 there should be an annotation on the screen right now as well as a link in the description and there you can help support me on a monthly basis you can choose to donate anywhere from $5 on up and there are different rewards depending on how much you support me with and also there are certain levels where you start getting to have more input towards me on what you want to see so if there's other topics you like that you want to see that I've gone over you want me to continue a good way to get that done is to become one of my patrons on Patreon and start supporting me and you'll have more input on those different levels certain levels you get to vote on what topics I'm going to go over and of course you have more communication with me so I can hear more of what you want so as always thank you for those who are supporting me and I hope that you continue to support me I hope that I can continue doing videos so thank you again for watching please visit filmsbychrist.com that's Chris with the K there should be a link in the description and I hope that you have a great day


The research aimed to determine the organic acids, sugars, color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of malice flora bunda coxonella fruit and its peel and flesh fractions. The main organic acid in the fruit was malic acid, while the highest total phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity values were observed in the peel. Phenolics such as protocodicoic and ceramic acids, rutin, isoramnitin, threed, glucoside, quercetin, prosyanidin B1, plus, catechin and cyanidin, threed galactoside were predominant in the peel. The highest amounts of chlorogenic acid and epicatechin were determined in the flesh, while cyanidin, threed, galactoside concentration in the flesh was approximately half that in the peel. This article was authored by Osayer Cockler, Mehmet Aqbulat, Ilyesu El-Hassen, and others.


Mae cyd-ymae'r cyd-ymae'n rhai ar y blynyddu i'r hollol ar y cras yma, ac rwy'n rhaid yn ei hollol i'r hollol i'r postdoc. yn ei wneud o wahanol i gael gwych gael gweithgawr, roedd y gweithgawr, yn pethau, yn dyn nhw, i'n gwybod i'r chyfrinsau, ac yn gwybod i'ch gweithgawr i'ch gwaith cymryd? Gweithio'n dyn nhw mae'n gweithgawr yn gweithio'n hwnnw, ac yn ymgyrchau cymryd wedi bod yn cael ei dyn nhw'n gweithgawr, oherwydd i chi'n gweithgawr o'r dyn nhw yn ysgrifennu, ond i chi'n gweithgawr o'r dyn nhw, Working in industry and so on. So I wanted to spend sometimes talking about a particular challenge I made a three part series called Atom about five years ago now and it was my first big presenter series and it was particularly challenging because we wanted get across the idea of quantum mechanics and how weird it is and talk something about atomic nuclear particle physics to a general audience on TV Dyna maen i gyd, mae'n bwysig yn cael eu rhan o'u ddechrau'r rhan o gyffredinol erbyn i'r wneudみd a chyfwyr dechrau'r hwn. Dw i ddweud oherwydd i'r anffrot sy'n bwysig yng Nghymru a chyffyswyr Cymru a chyfyswyredd chyfyswyr hwn, ac yn eich amser o'r ddyliadau yn cyd-dwylliant. Yn wyg iawn yn y cyfnodd. A chi'n rwy'n gwybod yn ei gwyffwyr i'r Dynuitigrith, mae ei ystyried i'r ystafell i ymddangos i'r ffyrdd a'r ysgolch yn y ddiwrnod o'r gyfrindiau. Mae'n cael ei gynhyrchu cyffredinol yng nghymru. Mae'n cael ei gwyffwyr i'r ystafell i'r dynuit, rwy'n rwy'n gwych i'n gwyffwyr i'r dylun, I will leave some time for questions afterwards if you wanted to quiz me on it. I was contacted, I had done a bit of tele, a bit of as a contributor, a bit of radio and science communication. I was the IOP's schools and colleges lecturer in 1997 and that's an annual responsibility that someone has asked to travel around the country talking to 14 to 18 year olds about physics. And that's really sort of the big science communication activity that got me started. But I ended up being asked by an exec producer, a guy called Paul Sen, whether I'd be interested in fronting a series on quantum mechanics. And he came down and gave me a screen test and he was looking for other presenters and I didn't think anything more of it. I assumed another one of these things, it wasn't something that had been commissioned. He had an idea, he wanted to put the proposal through to the BBC commissioning editor and see what happened. And it was about probably as long as six months later that he finally called me back up again and said, Jim, it's Paul, great news, we've got the green light. And I had no idea who Paul was and what green light he was talking about. It was completely lost. I said, I didn't realise I was even in the running still. And so Paul Sen, the exec producer, is an engineer, he's got an engineering degree from Cambridge. The director that I worked with on all three parts was a guy called Tim Usborne, who was also a physics graduate from Bristol, and had spent his TV media career essentially editing pop videos for about ten years. So for him this was great, he could actually get stuck into doing some physics again. And so between us I think we really sort of took the bull by the horns and decided we'd put in as much physics as we could get away with, as the BBC would allow us to. So I want to just talk you through some of the trials and tribulations and pleasures and challenges of making this three part series. I should say of course, and I want to start, I mean, I guess you're mostly physicists in the audience, but I want to start just to get across the challenge of why quantum mechanics is so weird. I'd written a book which was the book that got Paul Sen interested in getting me on board for the TV programme called A Guide for the Perplexed. And on the back of the book I had this quote from Niels Bohr, one of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics. If you're not astonished by quantum mechanics, then you haven't understood it. You're meant to be astonished, you're meant to be baffled, you're meant to be perplexed. We wanted to get across the idea to a viewing audience that you're not going to become experts in quantum mechanics, but you're going to understand why it's so perplexing, why it's so mysterious. The series was commissioned, it was felt that putting quantum mechanics in the title of the series would have been in itself too scary for people. So the series ended up being called Atom, which is nice, you know, at the time that was the BBC's, you know, the type of titles they liked, you know, one word titles until the wonders of series of Brian Cox took off. In fact, Brian's, he's done the wonders of the solar system, the wonders of the universe, and in the new year he's got the wonders of life coming out, his new series, which I gather is a lot of, you know, the physics of biology, the physics of life, which will be exciting. But this at the time was called Atom, but we were hoping to get as much mystery in it as possible.  And I'll do it using the famous, as Richard Feynman says, this is the underlying mystery of quantum mechanics, what's called the two-slit experiment. So you thought it was going to be a media type talk and it ends up being a physics lecture, but no apologies. Begin with something like light. We know light behaves like waves, so imagine you have a source of light. Now, the penance in the audience, you'll note that a light bulb gives off white light, which is light of all wavelengths. Let's pretend this is monochromatic light coming with a particular wavelength. It hits a screen with two slits in. The light squeezes through both slits and then diffracts. It squeezes and spreads out. And as it comes out, each slit will then act as a new source on the other side, and these waves will interfere with each other and give rise to what's called an interference pattern. Kids at school do this with the ripple tanks, and it's known that this is a classic property of waves that they spread out and they give rise to these light and dark fringes. If we do the same experiment again, not with waves, but with particles, and I've chosen here grains of sand. So this is the same experiment, but it's been twisted 90 degrees, so we're allowing gravity to pull the grains of sand through. And you don't get grains of sand going through both slits at the same time. You get them, each grain goes through one slit or the other, so you end up with a double bump rather than lots of bumps of an interference pattern. So there's wave behaviour and there's particle behaviour. In the quantum world, things are very different. So if you imagine setting up an experiment where we're firing, say, atoms from some source, some atom gun that shoots a stream of atoms at a screen where the slits are of appropriate width and separation. And to begin with, let's say we know nothing about quantum mechanics. We don't understand what we're going to see, and then we have to try and figure out what's going on. Close one of the slits. The back screen now is some sort of photosensitive screen, whereby an atom, when it hits it, the material on the surface of the screen will give off a flash of light, so you can see where the atom has landed. Of course you don't see atoms, they're very small. So the assumption is the pattern here adjacent to the lower slit, there's a bit of a spread that doesn't necessarily mean there's diffraction going on, because if we don't know anything about atoms, these are tiny, tiny particles, those that go through the slit without bumping into the edges will go straight through and land somewhere in the middle. You've got a few astray on either side, maybe they've sort of hit the slits, the edges as they've gone through. A lot of atoms, of course, are just going to be blocked by the first screen. That's fine. There's nothing mysterious or magical or weird about that. The weirdness begins when you open the upper slit. What you'd expect to see are two lines for the atoms that have gone through the lower slit and the atoms that have gone through the upper slit, but instead we see something reminiscent of an interference pattern. It's as though there's wave-like behaviour taking place and yet we've got dots, discrete dots saying these are discrete atoms that have landed in particular locations on the screen. What's happening? How are the atoms going through these two slits to give us this pattern? If we don't know anything about atoms and how they behave, you can say, well, atoms must be subject to some forces that whatever they may be, they're complicated but they give rise to this pattern. Maybe the atoms are bumping into each other and the interatomic forces are saying that for whatever reason only a certain number can land together in a particular region. They're saying, right, me and my crowd are here, you go off somewhere else and, by the way, make sure no one lands in between for some, as yet, to be explained rule about the way atoms behave. Well, we can try and discount that argument by not sending through the stream of atoms altogether but sending the atoms through one at a time. Only after a certain time do we send the next one through. If an atom gets through one or the other of the slits, you'll see a spot of light but if you don't, that's presumably because it's been blocked by the first screen. You start off sending one atom at a time and you see them landing somewhere on the back screen but, as we keep on going, you start to see the interference pattern arrive again. We've got an interference pattern reminiscent of wave-like behaviour. Remember, this pattern, this interference pattern only comes about because you've got things appearing from both slits and interfering with each other, the waves overlapping. But each atom is going through by itself, so each atom is contributing its small part to an overall interference pattern. So if there's wave-like stuff going on, then each atom is doing that. Each atom is behaving in some way like a wave. So what happens is it does the atom which comes out as a tiny particle, see the two slits and somehow spread out or does it split into two and then they combine again on the other side because clearly tiny atoms coming from there and we have a point at the back so it's a particle and here it's a particle but somewhere in the middle it's doing something that gives rise to wave-like behaviour. Well, we can try and be clever, even cleverer. Let's try and spy on the atoms and see what they're up to. What if we were to stick a detector just behind the upper slit? Now, if you know about quantum mechanics, you know the act of the observer affects the outcome of the experiment. So we're going to assume an idealised situation that we're carrying out a very subtle, weak sort of measurement detection whereby this detector will flash or bleep if it detects an atom going through the upper slit but won't if the atom goes through the lower slit and run the experiment again, one atom at a time. What you find, of course, at the end, is that half of the time of all the atoms that have got through, half of them triggered the detector and the other half didn't. That means half of them went through the top slit and the other half went through the bottom slit. So it seems they don't go through both slits at once. They go through one slit or the other. But I've not shown you the screen. I've not shown you what the result of this experiment is. And it looks like that. It's different. We've stuck a detector there and suddenly, yes, indeed, the 50% of the atoms that have got through the upper slit that trigger the detector have landed adjacent to the upper slit and those that haven't have landed underneath adjacent to the lower slit. So by just by looking as carefully as we can, it seems that we've changed the behaviour of the atoms. Okay. How about if I leave the detector there but I very quietly go and unplug it so the atoms don't know. As far as the atoms are concerned, I'm still detecting them. So they should still behave the same way. Run the experiment again. Now, I don't know which way they've gone but I've got the detector there pretending that I'm checking. Run the experiment again. With the detector off, bang, the interference pattern comes back again. It's as though the atoms have arrived on this side of the screen, faced with a choice of going in two ways, but somehow having this psychic ability that I know, you've got a detector there and it's on. There's no way you're going to catch me out going both ways at once. I'm going to go through one slit or the other. Turn it off. I said, can't fool me. I know it's off. Hey, I can do what atoms do when you're not looking and go through both slits at once. Well, if anyone... Quantum mechanics has been known for nearly 90 years now. If anyone could come up with a logical common sense explanation of how the atoms do that, that would be a major breakthrough in physics actually because despite quantum mechanics being the most powerful, probably the most important theory in the whole of science given that so much of physics, so much of chemistry, electronics, all depend on the rules of quantum mechanics. Everything we know about the subatomic world and the technologies that we've developed in the last 100 years or so that have relied on them all depend on quantum mechanics being right. So we're not in doubt that the mathematical theory makes accurate predictions about the world of atoms and the particles that make up atoms. Yet at its heart, no one can come up with a logical explanation for why this happens. Now, how do physicists cope? Well, if you've studied quantum mechanics, you know there's all manner of ways we cope with it. The standard version is something called the Copenhagen view, and that's because Niels Bohr and many of his young disciples, Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Powley and people like that, all worked with him at his institute in Copenhagen in the mid-1920s. And they got round it. They basically said, don't worry about what goes on there. Here's a theory of quantum mechanics that predicts what you will see. If you carry out a measurement by putting a screen here, it'll predict you'll get this pattern. If you want to see which way it goes through and you're measuring at this point, it'll predict the interference pattern. So quantum mechanics predicts, the theory predicts exactly what we see, but doesn't explain how each individual atom gets through. And most physicists use that pragmatic way of dealing with quantum mechanics just in order to get on, so they don't, you know, sort of go crazy. And in fact, a lot of physicists have said, have told, generations of physicists have told their PhD students, don't worry, you're pretty little heads about what's going on, otherwise you might as well go off and be a philosopher, because quantum mechanics is a theory that works and it predicts the behaviour of nature but also tells us that when you try and look to see what's going on, you're going to alter the experiment. There are other interpretations involving parallel universes, involving signals being sent forwards and backwards in time, in terms of what are called quantum potentials that seem to be, you know, be connecting all the whole universe instantaneously together. None of them are sort of common sense. The sort of explanation where you think, ah, I see, that's how it works. So quantum mechanics, that's what I mean by if you're not baffled and astonished by quantum mechanics, then you haven't understood it.