Hi you guys, my name is Brittany and welcome back to my youtube channel So you guys in today's video I am going to be talking all about my october homeschooling update So you guys I know it's kind of weird for me to be talking about our or my october homeschooling update because we are Still in the month of october, but for us we are actually finished homeschooling because we are on our Weeks break of homeschool. We have done the sapeth homeschooling schedule Where we're doing the six weeks on one week off So as you guys are watching this video, we have officially completed our first 12 weeks of homeschool So we are about what 25 percent of the way done with our homeschooling year And it's so crazy to kind of like think about it like that, but um, I'm really excited We're not going to kick back start like our homeschooling until november 1st So we're going to really enjoy this break. I'm really happy for you guys. I was really exhausted and I'm loving this schedule because it's making it be be like more intentional in taking breaks within our homeschool So you guys like I have a list of stuff that I want to talk about in this update I went ahead and put it on my phone in this video. So I'm not just like flying off the seat of my pants I really want to make sure I like touch on everything that has happened for us and Just all of the just all of the things you guys look. I'm already rambling but um before I really get into the update I do want to give you guys like kind of like a channel update and like what you can expect from my channel in the month of november So I put a poll on my youtube community tab just asking you guys what do a lessons you want to see From my channel because in this upcoming month, I'm really going to bring you guys inside of my homeschool I'm not really going to be showing you like a lot of books and you know, just talking to you guys in front of the camera I'm really going to show you guys more behind the scenes So I am going to be doing a saxon do a lesson with me with nicole the math lady I'm going to be sharing a week of a river of voices from blossom and root or a history curriculum And I'm also going to be sharing a week of iaw and I'm going to do a day in a life for you guys So those are some of the videos that I have planned for you guys for the month of november I may have a few bonus videos for you guys as well Just so you guys can kind of like come inside and have like a more in-depth view of my homeschool How things run? I mean, it's not always perfect over here And I just want to share that piece of me in my homeschool. Okay, so now into the update Let's go ahead and start off with the books that we have enjoyed this month I'm going to start off with our riddle out. You guys we are still reading this book the secret zoo We haven't been going through our riddles as fast as we have in our previous years Which is okay because we are doing like a literature based history curriculum We are reading more literature from our history, which is perfectly fine with me But the secret zoo is still it's so great It's really reminded me of like the Chronicles of Narnia because I actually seen the movie and I'm really liking this fantasy And it's a lot of fun. We are listening to this one on audible So it's been great, especially over like our lunchtime So I want to share some of the books Brielle is reading independently because I think I forgot to share them in my previous updates But Brielle, she finished reading this book right here something to say and she really enjoyed this one This book is about a young 11 year old. Her name is Janine and she's really shy in her school until someone like befriends her and I really really love Brielle reading this book because I'm finding sometimes Brielle can be more of an introvert Especially when we get into like outside public settings and she really related with Janine in this book And she really enjoyed this one. Um, so this one was something to say Right now, Brielle is reading this book right here. It's called like magic And it's just about a group of girls finding a mysterious box in the library and they are passing things between each other it's another book personal narrative about friendship and Hopefully she enjoys this one right now She is about Cora the way through it and she said she really enjoys it one of the girls in this book She is actually home school So, uh, Brielle is definitely getting a kick out of being able to relate to a character in this book called like magic So if you guys want to know the rest of the independent readers that Brielle is going to be reading throughout the school year We did make a video together about that and I will go ahead and put it in my description box and in the icards So you guys can check out that video to see all the other independent reads. She is going to read, uh, the school year So you guys as far as like history goes our history read-alouds from a river of voices has been so great We actually, uh, did a read-aloud through youtube of encounter and i'm just going to put a picture of it Up because I actually already or we actually listened to that one on, um, youtube And it was really really good. We enjoyed that one We also read a short chapter book called morning girl and I returned that one from the library already so I will go ahead and insert a picture of that one and that was uh, that book morning girl was a great book just talking about the encounter their first encounters of The europeans and I really enjoyed that one. Brielle really enjoyed that book. It was definitely a great short read-aloud We also read josie dances and this was a great book a coming age book of a native american young girl in her first pow wow So we really enjoyed reading this book this month and those are some of like our history Highlights for brielle and as far as my younger two my four and my two year old you guys This month their favorite book was omari's farm and this is definitely a cute picture book I think I shared this one with you guys on my fall Favorites and this book just goes along as omari is looking through her family garden trying to find a pumpkin And she is uh embarking on all the different various fruits and vegetables until she finally finds a pumpkin for their pumpkin potluck So this is definitely a cute reel out that my daughter is they want me to reach them over and over again this month So we really enjoyed omari's farm So those are like all of like our book highlights for this month So um, what else do I have on here on my phone? Okay? Yes So you guys we actually went on our first homeschool hangout our first homeschool group We are pandemic homeschoolers So, uh, we never really had the opportunity to like have a sense of community within our homeschool until this year is really when I started to feel more comfortable for us like going out and doing more like events With my daughter. So our local library actually has a new homeschool group, which is completely free. They meet twice a month So, uh, we actually did pumpkin science and my daughter had so much fun. Um, I had a lot of fun. You guys just honestly meeting and talking to in person other like homeschoolers I feel like I do have opportunities to connect with a lot of like homeschooling families and moms and Things like that over the internet, but it's something special actually meeting and speaking with someone in person And it was a really fun experience for me my younger two toddlers they made friends right away And uh, bria really had an awesome time. She's definitely more shy So she was very reserved when we went to the hangout and I kind of was able to see her personality You know outside of our home and outside of her comfort zone But at the end she started to warm up a little bit So I'm hoping as we go to our next homeschool hangout, which is actually this thursday That she may open up a little bit more to the group this thursday They're going to be doing spooky chemistry. So I'm really excited for her to have fun Doing that. So um, that is something I'm going to try my best for us to be consistent Especially since this is you know free and it's local for us to be consistent in going to the homeschool hangouts twice a month in like our local library So another thing that I have on here I want to talk to you guys about is that we are actually going to do our first Field trip of the year and I know it's so crazy like we are already 12 weeks And and I haven't done any field trips yet, but we are actually going to go to uh, a native american preserve local to our Area since we are finishing up our indigenous unit with a river voices And I really think it's going to be awesome for bria to be able to see like these long houses and These uh different artifacts and things like that of native americans since we finished off that unit So that is what we're going to be doing next month And I'm so excited for us to finally go like on our first like homeschooling field trip So, uh, we're really excited about that one as well So you guys as far as like I guess curriculum goes um, I'll start with like my youngest one or our curriculum update Everything is going good with leah leah is my four-year-old you guys her core She's mainly doing is all about reading pre-reading. She's doing preschool math at home by kate snow And she's doing handwriting without tears. So that's like her main core lineup We do do like fun units like our purely preschool fall unit and we do Up adding some like playing playing preschool units as well just like for fun, but that's like her core I'm going to show you guys some of her like uh letters that she's done for um from all about reading So right now we actually finished the first four units in the all about reading pre-reading And you guys she has mastered the skill of like the rhyming and rhyming words She loves ziggie the zebra, but here is some of her uh letters that she's done with all about reading So she has a and b And then this one is c and then d so she is going to have like a really really cute portfolio at the end of this um pre-reading unit and i'm really really happy of my decision to add like in a formal Phonics program for her because i'm definitely noticing a difference not only uh with her and her uh skills But she actually is doing much better with her speech with the all about reading pre-reading program I do have to make sure I read to her 20 minutes a day just one on one And it's really making me be more intentional with like reading with leah So all of her lineup is going great. I'm so happy with all of the decisions that I have with her curriculum Now as far as briel you guys like briel like we are finally at a place where everything's like mellowed out as far as like our curriculum We are really enjoying saxon saxon seven six We actually started it this month because she finished six five and saxon seven six has been going great It definitely um is still a review from six five and her doing these review lessons has really been building her confidence within math She has been really um acing these lessons acing these tests And it's really showing me that saxon was definitely a great fit for her And i'm so happy that I switched her uh last year when I did to saxon because Now she is becoming more confident in math math is you know, not necessarily her strong subject But she's confident. She's doing well And I can see her progressing in this subject. So i'm so proud of her for all the hard work. She's done So saxon is going good Iew you guys is going good. We are actually on week 10 of iew. Um, I don't have anything bad to say about iew guys It's going so well. Um briel like I said before we're not doing like two weeks in one week anymore She is really slowing down when it when it's coming to like that editing process. Um She is really finding her own voice within writing and I'm really seeing like um as it's further along with the iew You were right now. She's at the point where she can't use certain words like seesaw said So she's on the part where she can't use some verbs So it's really challenging her to use other verb Other words in her writing and it's really challenging her as far as like her vocabulary And uh while we're on the talk about vocabulary you guys like briel I can definitely say we definitely are struggling in our homeschool when it comes to like her Retaining vocabulary in my last update you guys Um, I did talk about me dumping wordly wise because she was just dumping the words at the end of the week because we were already doing 180 days of spelling and word study and this 180 days of spelling and word study does focus more on like the Prefixes the suffixes the root words and it really focuses on those things with the spelling words as well So I felt like it was kind of redundant as well as doing wordly wise And she was kind of like already getting it with 180 days But um, she still wasn't doing really well when it came to the vocabulary portion. So what I did for briel was I started to um Just really go over those definitions with her and I really challenged her Because like one of her words was compensate last week And I would say bri what is a way you can shorten the word compensate into two words And she said to pay so when I would ask her what the meaning of compensate was she would say to pay And another one of her words was comprehend and the two words she chose for comprehend was to understand So by us shortening like the uh meaning or the definition of the vocabulary where she's retaining it a lot better And she's doing so well with vocabulary So I'm really happy to take this approach with 180 days of spelling and word study And combine her spelling with her vocabulary Spelling she's great at spelling. Um, she really is she really has mastered the skill of spelling phonetically So i'm really not focusing much on the spelling aspect of this book, but more so the vocabulary So her vocabulary is finally we're finally getting somewhere. I should say um, but um everything all in all it's well I definitely know vocabulary was an area we did have to focus on because I did test briel at the end of our school year and I tested her for the past two years That we've done our homeschool So I really didn't see any growth when I look back at her test and her vocabulary It kind of like just stayed the same. So I knew that that was the area we needed to work on So as far as like briel some of the fun stuff that she's been doing this month and a resource I really have been enjoying has been this my story journal from chanel from intentional homeschool She actually um added this to her shop and I went ahead and got it because this is just a cute story board that briel is able to plot out like all of her creative writing. She's able to Kind of like really think about all of her creative writing her characters her Conflict her plot her summaries So she's really able to like utilize this uh template when she's doing her creative writing before she had this journal She was really just using like a scrap note paper and all of her stuff was getting all over the place She was like losing some of the pages when she was coming up with like stories for her creative writing So she was so excited when I showed her this new template for her to do like all of her stories and Math out some of her characters. Uh, hopefully she doesn't mind, but here goes um One of the characters who's the villain that she drawed out and she mapped out for one of her stories that she's writing right now So i'm so happy to uh allow her to be able to use this as she's working on her creative writing briel she did have like a Writing block this month and she was so nervous because for a whole week. She wasn't doing her creative writing She was like kind of getting stumped on what she wanted to write The story she was writing wasn't uh turning out the way she wanted it to So uh, she took like a week off of writing then I printed off this journal for her you guys and then like now She's just like flying as far as like her fun creative writing So i'm so happy that um, I was able to find this from chenelle shop and she actually offered it for free For a whole week as like a promotion right now I think it's only five dollars and honestly I probably would have still paid five dollars for this my story journal because she's really really um enjoying it Okay, you guys, let me see did I mention everything? Okay, actually Okay, you guys that is really everything as far as october and our update and everything that has happened in our home school Um, like I said before things have definitely settled down. Uh, nothing new has really been happening over here Which i'm so happy about um So you guys I really look forward to doing all these day in the lives do a lesson with you guys So you can kind of come inside of my home school a little bit more and I really hope you stay tuned on my channel to Watch these videos that i'm going to be making for you guys in the upcoming weeks So as always, thank you guys so much for watching today's video and I look forward to seeing everybody in my next one Bye


Hi guys, how you doing? This is Rich here, and we have RichTVLive, and Moderna stock climbs as coronavirus vaccine shipment offsets earnings myths. Now you're seeing coronavirus stocks that are shipping products to infected regions, exploding mRNA symbol right now up 19.53% or up 14% of pre-market trading. On Wednesday, the day after the biotechnology company said it had shipped the first COV-ID-19 vaccine candidate to the National Institute of Health for clinical trials. The company had a net loss of 124.2 million or 37 cents per share in the fourth quarter of 2019, compared with a loss of 141.4 million or $1.14 per share in the same period a year ago. The fact set consensus was for a loss of 42 cents per share, revenue tumbled 60% to 14 million in the fourth quarter of 2019, down from 35.4 million in the same quarter a year ago. The fact set consensus was 17.4 million. Moderna attributed the decrease to lower collaboration revenue with drug makers like AstraZeneca and Merck. Moderna, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, does not yet have any approved vaccines or treatments, but is testing its vaccine candidates for the novel coronavirus, zika virus, and various other respiratory diseases. Following the robust updates on cytomegalovirus, vaccine, and recent coronavirus news heat wave, we expect investors to appreciate scarcity value of this novel MRNA development platform, Oppenheimer's Hartage Sing said in a note on Wednesday. Moderna stock has gained 16% over the past three months, despite the fact that they're showing losses. This is a huge, huge, huge breakthrough for coronavirus, a global pandemic, and MRNA is saying they have shipped the first C-O-V-I-D-19 coronavirus vaccine candidate to the National Institute of Health for Clinical Trials. This is breaking news, this is your boy Rich from Rich2BeLive, we're bringing the news, we're bringing the winners, and we bring them to you first. MRNA, shipping a product which could be helpful for the coronavirus, a vaccine, but they have big losses. What do you guys think? Comment down below, let me know what you think about MRNA. This is Rich from Rich2BeLive, and I'm out. Peace. If you're not winning, you're not watching. Bring in the winners first. First. It's true.


Hello everybody. I know that y'all have been sitting quite a while, but I am Elizabeth Paid. I'm a professor in the College of Education and Human Development at the University of Texas in San Antonio. And I'm just going to share a story of what happened in our class, our graduate class this summer. And then provide some thoughts about what we learned and how we might translate our learning into what we can do as a community here in San Antonio and elsewhere. This is the title of our presentation. It's the Unaccompanied Immigrant Children. Our class took place in June, every day in June and through July 7th. And it's called a service learning class. It's a graduate level class. And service learning, well here's a picture of our students. It's the first time we've offered this class at the graduate level. It was a very small class. You can see from the students, it was a very diverse class. We were different ages. We came from different cultures, different religions, educational backgrounds. And because of our experience working with these kids and our project, we became a community of learners ourselves. And we began to know each other and to respect each other a great deal more. So let me tell you what service learning is. It's really a pedagogy. And that means it's something that we can do in our public schools to help kids at all age levels understand better the issues, problems and concerns in a community and learn how to work with that community to help address or resolve those issues or concerns. And sometimes you can just address an issue and you can't resolve it because it's too complex. And that's what we're talking about with the immigrant children. It's a very complex system that we're dealing with. And so that was the basics of our class. And that's what we were supposed to learn in the class. And so what we did was we engaged in a strategy where we just got San Antonio newspaper and we quietly read through the newspaper. And our task was to circle all those issues that we could find locally, South Texas, Texas, nationally and globally. And lo and behold, in the beginning of June, what you found a lot of were articles about these immigrant children. And we're educated adults in the class. And yet we did not know ourselves a lot about the issue that was going on and how pervasive it was here in San Antonio. So what we did is we identified it. This was the need that we were going to address and learn about service learning by actually doing a project in the community. And so the next thing that we did is we tried to find out as much as we could through the internet by reading newspapers, by talking with people about the unaccompanied immigrant children. One of the things that we did was we looked at the documentary Which Way Home, which talked about the train. Very provocative documentary, if you have not seen that, it's called Which Way Home. We looked at the media, we made phone calls, and we actually made a site visit. And so what we did is we all had our cell phones, we went through the internet, we went through the newspapers, and we wanted to do something hands-on with these kids and for these kids. But our dilemma was we didn't know who to contact.  So we began to make random phone calls. We circled every name that we could find on the internet. We made all kinds of phone calls, and the very first person that called us back, we decided to work with. For privacy issues, I'm not going to tell you about the organization that we worked with, but it was a great organization for us to work with. We made site visits to this organization here in San Antonio. And prior to going, we thought that we would see what we saw all over the internet and all over these papers. We thought we would go and see these kids sleeping on pallets on the floor in a small dark room. And that's not what we found at all. We were able to go in for our very first site visit. We went to all the different houses on this campus. And we saw the girls. These were all girls that were housed there, approximately 180 girls, ages three years old to 17. Can you imagine three-year-old little girls coming over unaccompanied? Well, they were probably with somebody else, but unaccompanied without parents or adults. But we were able to go into all the facilities and interact with the kids and see where the kids were living. The girls were living and got to go into where their sleeping arrangements were, their central living area where they were. The kids that we saw were, one of the places was an intake house. And that's where the kids first came after they came up from the border. And that's where they were doing some diagnostic testing for schooling situations and getting important information from them. We got to see where they ate. We got to see the medical clinic. We got to see where the facilities were, where social workers were calling families and trying to figure out where the families were, and so forth. So that confirmed our need. And that's really important in service learning because everybody has needs, and it's from your interpretation, your perspective about where this need is and is it truly a need. So we had to substantiate that it was truly a need. And so then we got to start working with these kids. And so this organization had us all do a background check because we were working with minor children. And then we all had a TB test, which was a requirement as well. And we went back every single week to this facility to find out what they would need to assist them in whatever way that we could. And so they told us that certainly they needed some donations and the kind of donations that this place needed were feminine articles, were hair care products, undergarments, arts and craft supplies because the kids really have a, when they engage in creating art, that sometimes helps them release some emotions.  And so ultimately over time, we have collected probably about five different truckloads full of materials that were gathered from other students from the university, other people from the university, and from people outside the university that heard about what we were doing. So that was one of our pieces of service was to collect these donations. Another piece of our service was that this place was going to have a Fourth of July celebration for the girls. Now you might be asking, you know, why would we have a Fourth of July celebration for these kids? Well, first of all, it was going to be Fourth of July. They were in the United States and there was a need for these kids to be kids and to have some kind of outlet where they could run around and play and so forth. And so what they asked our students and my class to do was to have four different booths in this Fourth of July celebration. And so we made 1000, one of our booths was on water balloons. We made 1000 water balloons for the kids. Another booth was on cupcakes because we wanted to have a cupcake walk similar to a cake walk. And so we made 300 decorated cupcakes for the cupcake walk. And of course, we all met and did this in one of our houses. Another booth that we had was bubble bubbles, really blue bubbles. And so we had to learn about a recipe about how to best construct bubbles. And then the other one was a beanbag toss where we had collected donations for stuffed animals and dolls where, you know, they got the beanbags and the thing and they got to pick out something.  And ultimately there were 200 volunteers there for this one day. And we all had to arrive at 7.30 in the morning. We all had our supplies. We got a little talking to about, you know, how comportment and everything, how we were supposed to comport ourselves. And then we engaged in the Fourth of July activities. And this particular site has two sides with a fence in between. And that fence is now mostly to keep people from coming in that are inquiring about what's going on with these kids and the media and so forth. And so we had that we had two stations on both sides. All the girls came out and they were in shock. You know, they walked out and here all these booths sets up and set up and all this music is going and palettes and all kinds of food and hamburgers and everything. And the girls walked out and they just kind of looked around like, oh, you know, this is different.  And then after that, things kind of eased up. And then for the rest of the day, these kids were kids. They laughed, they screamed, they threw water balloons at each other, they ate as much as they could. You saw the little at this time, there were 23 little girls from three from ages three to eight walking around, of course, for somebody accompanying them and doing playing the games and they were they were thrilled to death with having, you know, thrown a beanbag and being able to pick up a doll or a stuffed animal that somebody else had discarded that we were able to give to them. And they would love those things. And they were just kids. And that's one of the things that we found out about us volunteering at the site is that, my gosh, these are kids. These are kids that are coming over to the United States. And we've heard all of the stories about how they get here, which, by the way, we heard stories like that also about kids falling off the train and having their nose broken or arms or legs mangled or raped or whatever, horrible stories. But what we found out by doing this project with these kids was these are kids. And that's what makes this an humanitarian effort that we so needly we need to become more involved with. Part of what we had to do during this whole time is we had to agree to four things. One thing is we could not ask the kids any questions about their personal lives. And they could not ask us anything about our personal lives because there was a tendency to make a strong connection with people. And then those people would be gone. Another thing that we had to agree to was no photographs. So in our our PowerPoint presentation, you won't see any photographs of these kids. And we did that because of privacy. Because many of these girls, and I'm assuming other kids in similar situations, many of these girls owe money to the people that smuggle them across. And we don't want to get their pictures out to the public. And of course, no front hugging. So we all agree to those things. So our service as a result of this class and of our work was primarily educating others. Because the more we found out, the more we had to dig deep into finding out what is the true story here, the more we felt like we had to educate others. Recently, I was able to go to Maine to visit my daughter. And there was a young man on the airplane from one of the sites here in San Antonio who's going to Detroit to live with the family member. But all the way up there to Maine, for my 14 hour journey up there, I talked with people about what was going on down here with the unaccompanied migrant children because I was on the news monitoring the airport. And the farther you got away from Texas, the less people knew or the misinformation that they had, or they'd say, Oh, that's all happening out the border. That's not going to affect us. We have to do a really, really good job first educating ourselves so that we are informed decision makers. And so that we could go out and help other people understand what the situation is down here. We approach this from the theoretical viewpoint of this is a system. Because if you look at all of the all of the things that we heard today, there's a humanitarian part, there's the political part, there's a social part, there's the gangs, there's economic part. And there's something called migration folklore. So what's happened with some of the kids down in Central America is they're getting folklore from people that have come up here 20 years ago, or 10 years ago, or a year ago. And they're they're heard, they hear stories folklore about here's what you say when you get to the border, and so on. And so that is all part of the system. And we have to find out what's going on with that folklore to help correct some of those misconceptions that the kids are hearing. We're also engaged in perspective taking and perspective making. And perspective making is what I was referring to earlier about how we have to educate ourselves so that we can understand an issue from multiple perspectives, not just our own perspective, our own context. And then we have to take engage in perspective taking so that we can step outside of our own comfort box, and we could see how we can assist each other in this. And then that leads us to what next? Well, we're fairly educated, and it was hard for us to find who to contact. I mean, we knew about St. P. J.'s I've worked at St. P. J.'s before. But other places, how do we find how do we get these donations, because some places still need no donations? How do we get the kinds of donations that they want in a centralized local area in San Antonio? And then how do we get the people there to help sort it out and then take it to the respective places? Because when you take it to that place and you give them the donations, somebody there is going to have to do something with it and sort it out. How do we localize all those people that can help the attorneys when we have another influx? They've already asked for volunteers. Well, are they going to just, you know, take all the volunteers, or can we not set up a central place where volunteers that want to work with the attorneys can be sorted and filtered through there and find out what our skills and expertise are so that we can best help those people? So we're advocating in the class, and here are the names of the students in the class, we're advocating that we find some mechanism to have some central location to figure out what pieces of the system are, I'm on it, what pieces of the system are so that we could help collectively as a San Antonio community, a South Texas community, a Texas community, and ultimately a United States and global community begin to help sort out this problem. Thank you.


It's possible to display a moment in history with a website or through an exhibit. Haiti Clotter tells us how students showcase a museum with events that shaped our lives for History Day. Events such as the Civil Rights Movement and the Stonewall Riots are moments that go down in history. Keeping up with the theme of taking a stand in history, the Northwest Regional History Competition was held on BSU's campus. There were 47 total projects created by 90 students competing for a chance to advance to the next round. One of those hopefuls was Brooklyn Baumgartner, who's competing for the first time. When I first started, I thought Ruby Bridges was the first African-American to go to an integrated school, but I found out that it was Linda Brown. Students from nine schools in northwest Minnesota, including Cass Lake, Reamer and Red Lake, represented with their projects. Violet May spent more than six months working on her exhibit about the Red Lake timber industry. May had a personal connection as she says her mother's family logged wood in freezing temperatures. Every year is fun just to think of a different topic, different topic than do all kinds of hardcore research on it. In his 29th year as History Day program director, Tim Hoogland also known as Mr. History, has seen the program grow to where it is now with 250 schools and 30,000 students participating. He says these projects help students get college ready and also prepares them for classes outside of history. You get to see all those investments that the state of Minnesota has made, you know, in the education of children all coming together. Judges look for the historical research and analysis for each project. Red Lake Middle School students Justice Iceman and Bruce Taylor took a different approach for their project about slavery. They came out with the website chronicling Harriet Tubman and her role in the Underground Railroad. I just wanted to learn about slavery and how they lived back then, how they were treated. The winners will move on to the state competition held on April 29th at the University of Minnesota in Bemidji, Haiti, Clutter, Lakeland News. The results of the competition can be found on the Minnesota History Day website. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Lithium-sulfur and lithium-oxygen batteries have been extensively researched over the last decade due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfur and oxygen sources. However, the complexity of the cell chemistry and the lack of understanding of the sodium-based battery systems have hindered the development of practical devices. Lithium-sulfur and lithium-oxygen batteries have shown promising results, but sodium-based batteries may offer even greater advantages due to its abundance and lower cost. This article was offered by Philippa del Helm, Pascal Hartmann, Konrad Elbender and others.


Promising young musical talent, Divine Akwai Hio, known by her stage name, Uwa, says she has come to take the entertainment industry by storm, despite an array of musical talents already out. Speaking with Plus TV News, the hip-hop Afrobeat singer is confident she has written many songs with good content that Nigerians would love. They do state-born artists acknowledge that Nigerian artists are good, and she would love to collaborate with Rema, an area star. She performed one of her hit singles. I rate myself out of ten. I rate myself like, let's see, six of them. All of them are nice actually. They are all very very nice. But if I'm to choose like the best out of fifteen of the songs, I think ten of them are perfect. I like to work with Rema and Aira Star. So why?  I like to sing myself like, you know, among the top ten good Nigerian artists. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates. Thank you.


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We're going to move to our second year residents. Julia Byrd is going to talk to us about corneal incisions with the new diamond keratome. Dr. Byrd. Thank you, guys. So I have no financial disclosures. I'm going to go through. This is kind of the second part of a study that Russell presented last year. But I'll go through some background and why this came about. Go through some of the methods and results from the study last year that was already completed and then talk about what we've done with this new edge strength resistance study, and then talk about the QI project I've been involved in as well. So sutral is clear corneal incisions kind of came about in trying to figure out ways to make cataract surgery more efficient. And there are some advantages to doing the clear corneal incisions, which include decreased corneal astigmatism, decreased cost if you're not suturing every single incision that can be beneficial. When people get really proficient at this, the ease of creating the incision is really important. And you can become much more efficient at doing this. But as this technique has kind of evolved, people have started to question or just look at some disadvantages for doing these incisions and looking at the question of wound leak and postoperative hypotony that causes potentially an influx of fluid into the eye, which potentially can increase the rate of endophthalmitis. And with these incision, there is some variabilities in wound architecture and size. Thinking about postoperative endophthalmitis, it's not super common. So studies depends on how many you need a huge patient population to really get good rates. And so rates of endophthalmitis vary depending on how many people are studied and where the location was, lots of variables. But rates have been reported between 0.07 and 0.09, 3% of cases, and variations in that range. But there have been reports of increasing rates of endophthalmitis between 2000 and 2003, and at least not any significant decrease in the rates. And granted, there's so many different variables that do play into this. And so you couldn't necessarily pinpoint the incision as the only variable. And so of course, people have looked at lots of other things in using prophylactic antibiotics, intracameral antibiotics, and all these things are important. But our focus will be on how we can maximize the safety of these incisions and the clear corneal incision. So just as a few background studies, there was a really large study done by a group out of Japan that was a prospective case control study that they took. They were comparing both the type of IOL that was placed in addition to the type of incision that was made. But they found a statistical significance in their clear corneal incision versus scleral corneal incision groups with a 0.29% rate in the clear corneal incision group in 2003. Another large retrospective comparative case control study looked at 38 cases of endophthalmitis. And 45% of them were clear corneal incisions versus 55% being scleral tunnel incisions. And in that study, there was a three-fold risk of endophthalmitis in controlling for these other things with the clear corneal incision. A study that came out of the Moran in 2005 was a retrospective cohort study, which tried to look at all these different variables and assess the odds ratio of postoperative endophthalmitis. And in this study, the biggest risk factor that they found was a wound leak on postoperative day one. So the idea is that this wound leak potentially causes hypotony, which can cause fluid to come into the eye and that contaminates things. And of course, it is still somewhat of a speculation of the mechanism. I don't think we've specifically proved that that can happen in there. There have been lots of studies that have looked at measuring IOP in that early postoperative period to prove that it's hypotony and kind of looking at that. But these models are all difficult to kind of create a realistic model. And also, endophthalmitis isn't very common. So studying it, of course, you need these huge groups of patients. And then, so that is kind of the postoperative endophthalmitis in the theories and the reasons why maybe people are why you could potentially think a clear corneal incision would have at least a slightly elevated risk of getting endophthalmitis. In terms of the wound architecture, there was a study. This doesn't exactly apply to the clear corneal incisions, but in terms of the scleral corneal incisions and the tunnel incisions, this group looked at the square incisions versus rectangular incisions and just showed that with external pressure, the square incisions were much more robust in terms of preventing leaking. And that concept has kind of been transferred over and brought forward to this idea of wound architecture and how to create the wound that would be the most resistant to external forces in wound leaks. With the diamond keratome, there is a little bit less control even in terms of the tilt and how you are entering the eye. You kind of have to be very precise in order to create this perfect police square incision. And then the other kind of thing that has come up in creating these wounds is even if you have a square incision, if it's not the correct size or there's some problem with it, you can stretch it. And then even that will be a risk factor as well to not being very well self-sealing and have problems with postoperative wound leaks. So looking through the literature, people try to create situations to mimic the real life. And it's always interesting to see how people decide to simulate these situations. Sam Asket and Group in 2013 used this force gauge to try to simulate patient-induced manipulation of the eye with pressure. And they calibrated their gauge to administer one ounce of external force. They first did this on healthy eyes, not undergoing surgery. And they showed an IOP increase that they felt was consistent with the literature of what should happen with the external force. And they calibrated their force right after cataract surgery. And they were more looking at stromal hydration versus sutures and looking at the rate of leakage. So that's just one way people have tried to have a model for the real life of patient rubbing their eyes and having these different types of incisions. So with the traditional diamond keratome, like I mentioned, the keratome tilt can really change the architecture of the wound and potentially make it less robust. Conjunctival entry can cause conjunctival ballooning and cause problems and difficulty intraoperatively. And then wound tears, where the wound tears out at the edges after manipulation during surgery can also cause problems and potentially lead to postoperative wound leaks. So Dr. Wilson designed this new keratome blade. And the idea is that the cutting edges are really isolated to the anterior part of the blade. And so that there is less risk of the wound tilt. And there's more stability and kind of safety with this blade. And at least that was kind of the theory. So the outer cutting edge is only for the first 200 microns. And then the rest of the outer edge is completely smooth and round. And then the majority of the cutting comes from this blade here. The other thing to note is that there is also a measurement line at 2 millimeters to mark where you should actually enter the eye. So in the first part of the study, the traditional diamond keratome was compared to this new blade to compare consistency and kind of consistency between wounds and squareness and to see if there was any difference in that. So Dr. Swan, Dr. Bettis, and I all did incisions with these different wounds we marked or with the different blades. We marked the wound with some marking dye. And basically, we did find statistical significance for having more consistency between the edges of 1 and 2, meaning kind of more consistently a square incision versus the diamond keratome where there was more asymmetry between 1 and 2. Another kind of side note is that there is kind of this lip that forms with the new diamond keratome versus an A versus a V that forms with the traditional diamond keratome. And in clinical practice, that might have pretty significant repercussions for how easy it is to hydrate a wound with a flap. But that was just something we noted. And I think it has to do with how you're engaging the blade. And if you don't engage it all the way, it can kind of change that lip shape as well. So then the other thing that we did note last year but didn't find statistical significance was that the year of training was correlated but not statistically with kind of improved ability to use that new keratome. So maybe extrapolating that this is potentially a better blade to use at first where you there's kind of more built-in safety mechanisms. And the skill of keeping that blade completely parallel and flat and not tilting it is something that maybe could come later. So in conclusion from that first part of the study, the new keratome did create more consistent and symmetric wounds. There weren't a lot of tearouts just from doing the initial wounds, but there were two with the traditional, one with the new keratome. Of course, the limitations are that this is not a realistic situation. The eyes were not filled with OVD. They were immobile. They were cadaverized. But then the question is, OK, so we have this wound that is more consistently symmetric. Does that have any real-life implications? And does that matter? The challenge of that is actually creating and designing a study that can appropriately answer that question. So for the second part, the objective was to evaluate if these square and consistent incisions actually translated to an increased incision edged tear resistance, which, again, is maybe hard to translate completely to clinical setting. But while you're intraoperatively manipulating the wound, there are some forces there. And so the idea is to try to kind of simulate that environment. And so for the methods, 20 incisions with each type of blade are made on different eyes. And they're human cadaverized, again, from the San Diego Eye Bank. So there's variability and kind of health of the eye and time to collection and time for us using them. The Mandel Eye Mount is used to stabilize the eye and bring it to a normal or a physiologic pressure between 20 and 30. And then the diamond keratome, the new design, and then the standard designs are used to create the incisions. And so with the diamond keratome, like I referenced before, you do have to, the entry and the way that you're actually making the wound is different. And so I think that's kind of part of the problem if you've been using the diamond keratome a lot before. But you have to enter, the tip has to be perpendicular to the corneal surface at about 45 degrees to the limbis. And then both tips have to be engaged in the stroma. And then once they're completely engaged, you can angle parallel to the stroma and then enter when you reach that mark and into the anterior chamber. So to try to measure the edge resistance, this strain gauge was modified and kind of, I guess, the point was made so it could fit into the incisions. And it was introduced into the incision. And the central scleral side of the incision was grasped with a 0.3 tooth forceps. And then pressure was applied to that incision. And under a microscope, we evaluated when the incision edge tear took place and stopped the pressure at that point. And then also noted which side or both sides had tearouts. And then the person doing the measuring of the strain gauge was blinded. So we have some negative data here to present. They actually are not. So they were not significantly different. We're only at 12 eyes, because as you guys just saw, Russell is in Nepal. But the traditional diamond keratome wounds were about 245 was kind of the mean strength there. And then in the new diamond keratome design, it was 236. And definitely not significantly different. And so we're still going to finish that. But I don't know, based on this preliminary data, that it will be significantly different. The new blade actually did have more tearouts on both sides. So that's measuring each edge here versus the traditional on one side. And so I think this project kind of demonstrates or brings a lot of challenges to light in terms of trying to design a situation that is realistic but is safe. And this is certainly not realistic in terms of intraoperative cataract surgery. But I guess the question is, with using the strain gauge and measuring the wounds in this way, is that really clinically important? And how does that really impact postoperative end off the minus rates? There's lots of variabilities. We felt like some of the time the pressure from the posterior lip, and it was very hard to kind of control how much pressure you were just isolating to using the strain gauge. And that could potentially change the results. And then the cadavers are variable in terms of their age and how any corneal diseases and how old the eyes are. And that definitely could potentially change the results as well. And then it was a little hard to know exactly when the tear out occurred. And so there was potentially sometimes where the tear outs maybe weren't identified quite as fast. So conclusion in this specific study of this wound, there wasn't any difference in the strength resistance between the two blades. I think there's definitely further routes to go to studying it in terms of clinically looking at OCT wound architecture and looking at postoperative wound leaks. Also, I mean, the other kind of maybe more important way to investigate this question, too, is external force causing wound leaks rather than this internal kind of a lot of internal force going on that lip of the wound. So of course, we'll want to thank Dr. Olson, Dr. Swan, and Dr. Bettis, and then Dr. Zog for getting us all the eyes from the San Diego Eye Bank. And now I'll move on to just address the quality improvement project that I've worked on at the VA. So the VA Glaucoma Clinic for us residents can be, it is an experience and sometimes better than others, but it really can be very busy. And it's just difficult to feel like you're providing the appropriate care that the patients deserve sometimes because of the overload of patients. And then also, though, the information that we have available to us. And sometimes the very kind of cumbersome way to retrieve the information. At the VA, I think most of us go there, but it is an electronic medical record, but our ophthalmology notes are still scanned. And so to look through past history, you kind of have to pull up each individual scanned note. It takes a lot of time. So it's really not reasonable to do that for every patient who's coming through every time you're seeing them starting from scratch. So that was kind of the reason this quality improvement project came about. So we felt like if we created a new template for Glaucoma history, it would really improve not only clinical efficiency, but also improve the accuracy and completeness of the medical records and really improve the care that the patients are receiving because then we can know what treatments have been tried and what drops did or didn't work. And when they presented and really kind of even know what type of glaucoma they have. And so lots of details that currently kind of get lost in the flow of things. So the deliverables are the CPRS Glaucoma history note and then really it just applies to this Salt Lake VA clinic. And we've started, it's a slow process because the clinics are very busy, but kind of going through especially for the really complicated patients and going through the process of trying to retrieve all the old notes and information and kind of put their history together. So I've worked with this on it with Brian Stagg, Chris Conraddy, and we thought these are my references. All right, any questions or comments? What's our next step? I mean, I think we still need to have more of them completed. I don't know, in terms of like actually, are you asking about like how to just see how well we've done with it or is it changing? Kind of looking at outcomes with it. Yeah, so I mean with the part of Dr. Jones or Judith Borner is there that you are in the groups, but part of the, you know, what we do on a regular day-to-day basis is we see problems with trying to make it better. We're QI something that adds structure and the back end of it actually, you know, best case scenario measuring impact, at the very least just following up on this. Yeah. That's kind of my next question. Yeah, so I was keeping track of what was missing. Like for instance, a lot of patients who come to the glaucoma clinic just haven't had a dilated exam in like years. Because that's just not something that's documented and brought forward. So I think keeping track of that and compiling that data of well now we have this here and then looking and seeing in the new patients that we're seeing if they're kind of on target with what we would want them to do. But that was the best measurable way, but I know it's difficult, but it was difficult to think of a way to quantify this because in terms of clinic efficiency and time and everything that was, it's hard. So I actually had the same thought, Jeff. You know, I mean, this could be, it's a nice quality, it's a nice QI project, but you could actually, I don't know how you're going to follow it quantitatively. Yeah, but you could follow qualitatively right into surveys. You can look at now and then when you call it a new system, you know, we improve the template or improve the way we do the following. Does it help patients to follow it? Or does it make the text happier? Right, at least there's some quality. That's true, yeah, I think that would be one way to look at it. I think the best way I had thought, which isn't from a patient perspective, but was more from just the, do we have all the information and how many times are we having to like go back through and we don't know what type of glaucoma they have or they weren't goniote in the last, so that was kind of what I've been doing compiling that information. But that doesn't really hit the efficiency side of it, so I think you're right. Going to your wound architecture, that's an interesting topic that we don't pay as much attention to. In fact, Paul Ernest was our honored guest at the SDRS this year. So when you get older, you can make your own guest. But one of the ways you're going to look at it, and I know it's probably too late because you're already in the study, have you thought of looking at the wound architecture with OCQ? Yeah, and that's kind of would be the next step in not moving out of the cadaver world and moving into the, yeah. That was one of the things we've talked about with Dr. Olson. I think that would be a good next move again. You can also work with bioengineer and do a lot of modeling, on a potential model. Yeah. And other planning forces and other value abilities is the extreme. And a little more for Piper than I will, for sure. Yeah, that would be nice. One comment about the wound architecture study too. Where I tried, we were not allowed to do single blade incisions. Okay. For clear-coated incisions, we had to do a step group, a pocket with a crescent and then a keratone to enter. And maybe that's some things that we can share from sclerotone incisions that there's gonna try, as much as possible, trying to create a tri-planar incision. It'd be interesting to see a comparison of tri-planar cortone incisions. There's just standard two-step open step incisions. See if there's any... And looking at... Yeah, see if there's any change in integrity of the wound. Yeah. A friend of mine is, you know, in the practice of the day, we had a specific moment where I asked, how do I do the practice? And as a group, their practice has decided that they will not do quick wound incisions unless the patient has one home on the other end of the time. Because of their rates. Just because the rates met out of the line is so they don't inject inter-camouflage antibodies. Their rates are extremely low. Just using small-tone incisions alone, so they haven't felt like they need to go into the end of the time. Okay. Thank you, guys.


Hello, my name is Rebecca Alhader and I am an ESL instructor at Reedley College. I was fortunate to have participated in the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Grant by the Katesel Education Foundation. It was a great opportunity to learn about the important topics that impact ESL students at various levels and institutions, to also learn about the challenges that my colleagues of color face, and to collaborate with great educators. I learned a lot through the six sessions. A big takeaway that re-emphasized for me is the need to incorporate students' voices in the curriculum. Educators have so much to learn from students, and they have great stories to tell, so educators should create brave spaces for them to share those stories. I'd like to thank Dr. Nancy Kwong-Johnson for her dedication to DEI and the Katesel Education Foundation for making this possible. Thank you. Hi everyone, my name is Risa Weber and I am an Assistant Principal at W. Clark High School in Las Vegas, Nevada. An immigrant from France living in the United States, but also as a child who grew up as a parent of immigrants in France, I had completely different experiences and I really was able to feel firsthand, not simply the double consciousness of who I was and how people perceived me as a child of immigrant in France, but also triple consciousness as an immigrant from France in the United States. Thank you Katesel Aid Foundation for this wonderful opportunity and my promise that I will take it here in Las Vegas into application and make the best out of the learning I was able to do through your generous grant. Michelle Scalbo, I teach at Palo Alto Adult School. I'm also the blog editor for Katesel and I'm one of the DEI grantees. For me, DEI relates to English teaching in that, you know, as English teachers we have certain experiences and oftentimes our students have very different experiences and so we have blind spots and so part of studying diversity, equity and inclusion is gaining awareness of what our blind spots are, gaining a better understanding of, you know, what our students are dealing with and I feel like over the last few months in this program I've learned different ways to, you know, kind of fill in some of those gaps. It's always going to be a work in progress, but I feel like I have a clear sense of how I can, how we can work on my blind spots. Hi, my name is Anjali Sharma. I'm one of the DEI teacher trainees. I am very, I teach ESL at the Palo Alto Adult School. I immigrated from India 20 years ago. And I am very proud to be one of the awardees for this amazing teacher training opportunity that we had this opportunity. Thanks to Dr. Nancy Kwong-Johnson and the Katesel Ed Foundation to look at English as a second language teaching and learning from a DEI point of view. I think, you know, I teach English, I teach ESL at the Palo Alto Adult School and two areas from the training that are close to my own heart that emerged from this grant program is the importance of learning about student background knowledge and also coming as an immigrant from a world English speaking country, the importance of accent bias and how it can become a DEI issue.