Hi everyone, my name is Steph. This is Kiddletjoy and welcome or welcome back to my channel. Today I am here to do a illustrated deep dive on Kelly Canby. Kelly Canby is an author and illustrator who was born overseas in London but grew up in Australia and has lived here ever since. And so I decided to do a bit of a deep dive into her picture books that she has written and illustrated collectively. She has illustrated other titles as well. She has illustrated books for other people as well as illustrated middle fiction books such as The Kingdoms and Empire Series by Jacqueline Moriarty. But I really just wanted to focus on her picture books that she's written and illustrated. Mostly because one of the books that she released last year is one of my all-time favourite picture books. And I thought it would be fun to sort of go back and read some of the other titles by her that I haven't yet. So this is part of the picture, this readathon, where one of the challenges is to do an illustrator deep dive and look at some of their back catalogue. I'm actually going to be doing two of these videos, one for Kelly Canby and one for Jeannie Baker. Kelly Canby was the one that I decided on and then I was talking to Jack, who is one of the creators of the readathon, and we were talking about Jeannie Baker's works. And so that inspired me to sort of go back and explore that illustrator as well. So if we start off with Kelly Canby's first picture book, it is All the Lost Things. This was first published in 2015. This is about Olive. She's a young girl who's out for a walk and she discovers, or hears, these sounds coming from a manhole cover and she goes to investigate. And what she finds underneath the city is a storage place for all the lost things, where everything that gets lost goes. And she is told that she can take whatever she likes because people have obviously forgotten about them. And so she scoops up various things. And one of the most gorgeous parts of this book is that she scoops up a jar of hope and she sprinkles it across the city. So it has a really lovely message. This is a really great first book that sort of really explores Kelly Canby's illustration style because she uses a lot of watercolor, a lot of bright colors, but she's also very good at using color to accentuate the story. So at the start of the book, the city is very dark and gray and sort of very dismal. She also uses a collage style. So there's lots of things that are cut out and pasted it down. So it's not only do you have illustrations, but you also have corrugated cardboard that's been cut out to create the collage. So it looks like it has a 3D element. And then you start to get the splashes of really bright watercolors coming into it. And then you can see how she's using the watercolor to really accentuate what's happening in the story, particularly as Olive moves through the city, which as I said, you know, is very dark and dismal. And as she empties hope out over the city, you suddenly get the city coming alive with color. Color is a very big theme that we will see with Kelly Canby's work. Then we have Rodney. So Rodney again, lots of bright color, same color style where the illustrations have been painted or drawn and then cut out to create a very 3D looking effect. Rodney is a turtle and he wants to know what it's like to live among the treetops. All of the birds and all the other animals tell him to come up there, but obviously he's a turtle who can't climb up that far. And it's about Rodney finding his own way to be part of the treetops. And it is really, really gorgeous. And the theme here is really around. Sometimes it's just a matter of perspective. So this one is lots and lots of color the whole way through the book. You can see that she uses watercolor as well as crayon and other mediums to sort of create a really messy texture, which is really fun to look at. I love this tree frogs page. And as Rodney comes out of the forest and starts to move sort of into the underbrush, he really notices that he actually becomes bigger. So even though he can't climb the trees, he can still live among the treetops. It's just in a different place. But as I said, I love how all of the cut out elements really help to create depth in this story, even though it's still pretty two-dimensional, like it still looks like there's a lot going on. The next Kelly Canby book is the whole story. And this one is really interesting because it's the start of Kelly Canby playing with puns and idioms and language, which we'll see come back in the last book that we talk about. So this is the story about Charlie. Charlie finds a hole in the ground.   And so he's trying to find a way to find this hole a new home.  And eventually at the end of the story, the hole does find a purpose, which is great. But poor Charlie spends the majority of the book trying to find a purpose for it. So in this one, we have less of the cut out style, still more of the watercolor, but and also a lot of the use of grays and blacks in contrast with colors. It still has that same sort of messy crayon style as well, which I find really charming, honestly. And in here, as Charlie is going through the town, we begin to see word play. So bread pit bakery, Titanic hot food. And there's a lot of great word play as Charlie takes this hole to different places, like the pet store. And they're like, no, we don't need a hole, we don't need any of these animals getting out. The other really cool thing about this is the end papers. There's different end papers at the start and end of the book. So here is all of the houses in the town. And then here are some houses or homes for animals. And if you read the story, you'll find out why that's important. Then the very first book that I read by Kelly Canby was actually Little Light. And this came out and it was shortlisted one year. And this is an absolutely gorgeous story about a town that is walled in. So there's the town and it's completely surrounded by a wall. And the town slowly begin to realize that someone is taking bricks out of these walls and opening windows into what's outside the wall. And what's outside the wall are different communities of people who all experience life in different ways, who all have different music and food and culture. And the mayor of the town is really upset because he doesn't want strange and unusual things changing his town, right? But the rest of the town slowly begin to realize that actually they want to have those new foods and they want to have that new music and they want to have those new dances. And it's a gorgeous story about overcoming fear of change. And it is about how xenophobia can really keep you locked in to yourself and make you afraid of new things. And this is really about breaking down those barriers quite literally just with a little bit lost. We start off with quite a gray society and then pops of color as our mysterious rick thief is taking things down from the wall. We have these pops of fluoro color to represent the different windows that open up within the walls. Here's a window into one community and another and another. And I just love the way that the color has been used to show that something is different, but it's a really bright color. So it's really inviting and warm. At the end, you just have this beautiful mishmash of all of these colors. It's gorgeous. And then finally, one of my favorite books, and I've talked about it heaps on this channel, is Timeless by Kelly Canby. Now the thing that struck me about this when I first saw it was the amazing colors on the front cover. It is absolutely stunning. I also adore these endpapers, which if you remember the whole story where Kelly Canby was playing with words, she does it here again, Dr. Justin Time, Richman Banker, Dourish Shut Locksmith, Dwayne Pipe, Plumbing, Carrier Exceening Teacher. So there's a lot of really fun things to look at and to play with language in the book. But this is also the story of a young boy called Emmett, and he is trying to find more time. So there's simply no time at all. Someone was always running out of time or losing track of it. We're using lots of idioms and plays on words and word phrases using time through the whole story. Lots of stunning bright colors the whole way through the book. It's just so clever. And it is so engaging and vibrant and inviting that it is a really fun experience to read. Again, the endpapers have more plays on words for all of the different shops, which I find utterly charming and delightful. This is absolutely one of my favorites from last year, and I'm so glad I got shortlisted for the Children's Book Council Awards for this year because it is really, really clever. So that is my deep dive into Kelly Canby. I will leave links to all of these books down below. So if you want to find out more information, you can. I'm not sure how many of them are available overseas. I think most of them are. So do a little bit of digging. I'll leave Kelly Canby's website linked down below as well. That's always a good source if things are being published overseas under different titles, which sometimes happens with Australian books. But I thoroughly enjoyed going in and exploring the books by Kelly Canby that I hadn't yet. And I just, I find her very creative and very dynamic in the books that she creates. I'd love to know if you've read Kelly Canby's books before or if you're planning on picking any of them up. Otherwise feel free to leave a clock emoji down below to let me know that you're here. I hope that wherever you're on the world you're staying safe and healthy and I will see you in my next video. Thanks so much for watching. Bye everyone.


All right, all right, all right, everybody come in.  There's a couple of, there's one seat left there. Two, two in the front, two sort of in the front. Squeeze together. We know it's tight, there's almost 3,000 of us here. I don't know who, shout out to everybody in the back room over there and the breakout hall. My name is Diane Mueller. I am a cloud ecosystem evangelist. You tell me what that means. And my colleague here, Krishna Raman, is our open source lead programmer on the OpenShift Origin project and we're here today to talk about putting the past in OpenStack. And how many of you here have heard of platform as a service, show of hands? Yay, Nirvana has arrived. And we're really happy to be here at OpenStack and so we're gonna talk a little bit about Red Hat's vision and it's very open. Actually, I just jumped past my previous. A little bit about our agenda. Okay. I'll control it. You can control it. So we're gonna talk a little bit about what Red Hat sees as our vision of the cloud and where we're going with it at Red Hat. And I'm gonna talk a lot about why PAS matters in the cloud and a little bit about what is OpenShift. But we're also really pleased to be here at the OpenStack conference and talking about deploying OpenShift with Heat, which is a really new infrastructure orchestration piece that's coming out and there's a lot of that going on today. So we're gonna talk about and show you a demo of deploying with Heat. And then we're gonna talk about the different pieces and parts of OpenShift and so you understand how PAS architectures work at Red Hat and where we're all going in. A big hint, if you're getting any internet access at all, you can go to openshiftgithub.io because this is an open source project and we're always looking for more people to work with. And so you're here, it's OpenStack. It's all about open source and OpenShift is an open source project and we at Red Hat very firmly believe that the world and the future is open and that open source plays a very, very big role in it and we're not the only ones. A lot of pundits agree with us, lots of analysts, bloggers and everybody else. It's very well known that we've come to the stage where open source is really what's driving innovation in the future and a lot of it's at Red Hat. We've got a lot of sticks in the fireplace getting very red. The Enterprise Linux, middleware, we've got going on virtualization with Overt, Gluster for storage, RDO. All of you are, I think, invited to our party tonight to celebrate the open source community around RDO, our OpenStack distribution, so we'll be out partying tonight talking about that. And then underpinning that stack is where we've been working very hard over the past two years and about a year ago we open sourced origin and that's really one of the things that is near and dear to my heart because really what we're talking about isn't just free as in beer or freedom, but it's freedom to innovate and we're really looking about trying to bring some choice there into your world and where you're going in terms of application developers, in terms of DevOps, and in terms of folks building out infrastructure as a service as well. And so we really believe, and yesterday, how many of you in the room were any of you at the community day yesterday? Maybe one in the back there. Yay, thank you. We are very much about trying to build a community of people collaborating with us on building out the platform as a service as well as on the infrastructure layer and making that the driving force. And we really feel like that all of this open source work is what is driving the cloud. The cloud will never really be able to be a proprietary place. We need to make sure that it's open and interoperable. You'll hear a lot of talk about that, but we really are trying to walk the walk. A lot of the clouds that you've been playing with already had a lot of red hat on them. So we've been under the hood with our Linux distributions and our offerings with Grail at most of the larger cloud place. And we're really very committed to making the world that and we just, we do believe very strongly that open innovation is where it's at. And so we're very, very pleased to be here. But also what we're seeing is a lot of, the role of IT is very much changing the way that we do our business. We are, the traditional IT has really changed the way it's providing infrastructure. Our, the elastic computing resources have changed the nature of what a resource is and how it's distributed and shared. We really have looked a lot from both the public and the private cloud. And so what we're seeing now is a lot of private cloud implementations with OpenStack. And we've been doing a lot of work around making sure that those private clouds and your pilots and your production ones and your POCs have everything they need to be successful. And I think that's really what we're seeing now is that it's, we've done this shift. We're definitely going into the cloud. And I'm gonna skip a few of these. And that we're taking it to the next level where we're mixing both the private cloud pieces and the public cloud pieces and trying to share resources. So bursting into public cloud when we need it and keeping what behind the firewall, the things that we need for compliance and risk and audit purposes. So we've seen a big change in what's going on in the marketplace. And we've just seen this whole IT transformation. So we've definitely seen a huge investment now and the change of the investment in where people are spending from proprietary clouds. They're building them with open source, with open stack, with platforms as a service built into them. And we're really seeing that this is the direction that people are going in. Okay, stop, this is what you see. So really what I wanna talk about mostly today is why PAS should matter to you if you're running open stack. And so when we build out a private cloud or a public cloud on the infrastructure layer, what we're also doing is we're competing with some expectations that are out there for developers. So when a developer today decides that they wanna deploy an application into the cloud, they have lots of choices in a public cloud. They can go to Heroku, they can go to Engine Yard, they can use cloud, lots of public cloud providers, including OpenShift Online. And so the expectation when we build a private cloud is that they'll have that same capability built into it. But when people go and start their first private cloud implementation inside of an enterprise, most often what you're seeing happen is they're not actually deploying the PAS in poppin' all over the place. So basically what they're not seeing is, this is driving me crazy. They're not seeing the efficiencies that they expect. So when you get to, you've just installed OpenStack and someone turns around and says, okay, great, I have elastic computing resources, I have my storage and everything else. What it hasn't solved for me is, how do I get my application running up there quickly? And so the expectation that people have going from Heroku's and public pauses is that there'll be that push button, quick deployment practice. And so what I really have been trying to get people to understand is that the expectation management piece of deploying a private cloud is the most important. So having fun with my laptop here. The point that I'm trying to make, while I play with this thing, is that the key to any sort of successful cloud initiative is making sure that you include a platform as a service layer on top of that. So when you're putting your roadmap or your project plan together for your cloud initiative, you should always include a platform as a service layer because people's expectations now have been set so that they have the expectation that they're going to have all those services and that the cloud is going to provide them the frameworks and the languages and the web servers automatically. And that's really an expectation of having a pause there on your cloud. So most of you have played with pauses before, so you probably know that what you get in a platform as a service is the frameworks, the languages, the custom cartridges, or the extensible cartridges that's our metaphor for our pieces that we add on to the framework. You get all the metalware and this is what's really what you get with a platform as a service and that's on top of the open stack or the IAS layer. So we're going to go quickly into this, I apologize. So the open stack project, which is the one that I've been working on is freely available on the openshiftgithub.io site but it is also what upstream feeds the online experience and the enterprise experience at Cloudset. And I'm going to shift over here to just do an open shift overview and I'm hoping we can switch over here. This is not working quite that well. Go for it. So openshift origin, which is the open source project can run on pretty much any hardware that you have. It can run on EC2, open stack, any sort of virtualization you have or it'll run on bare metal. And there are really two parts to it. The first part is the controlling agent that's known as a broker and all of your applications or all of the processes for your applications are running on the second side, which is the node. You can have multiple brokers. The brokers are stateless, just backed onto Mongo and you can have as many nodes as you need to run your applications on. Of course, not everyone's setup is the same. So depending on how you set it up, you can choose to have different plugins. There's a plugin for authentication. There are plugins for DNS and a couple others that are available. On the node side of things, we take the big node and we split it up into smaller containers. This allows us to pack as a lot of applications onto the same hardware that you would have trouble with virtualization. So with virtualization, you end up with a lower density than you get with LXC or any equivalent technologies. Each of the containers that we have on OpenShift, we term a gear. And this is not just plain LXC, although it uses similar technologies, it uses C groups, it uses PAM namespace and a couple others. We actually wrap everything around with an AC Linux policy. And this makes it that much more secure. The more layers we have of security, the better off you are. And this is great in a public pass because there are lots of attackers all the time, but it's also great for your private pass where you want to keep your infrastructure secure. What about the processes? When you're running your application, you have different pieces of it. And all of these pieces will sit within the gears. Each process, so a JBoss process or a MySQL process, will sit within this gear confined space. And you have a lot of different choices. All of the packages are termed cartridges and we provide a bunch. So you have the JBoss, PHP, Perl, MySQL, and other databases. But if you don't have something that you want, it's really easy to go ahead and create your own and just plug it right in. This also works really nicely with scaling. And the way scaling works is through tiers. The top tier is HA proxy base. That's your load balancer. The second one is your application, which scales up and down depending on the amount of load you have. And you can optionally have a database underneath or you can connect to an external database service. So when you're trying to manage your application, you're hitting the broker first. And the broker exposes a very well-documented REST API. You come in, you ask it to create you an application. That then goes through MCollective or an active MQ bus to the nodes. And on the nodes is where each of the gears are created to run processes for your application. Once everything is set up, this is basically what it looks like. You have an incoming request on this side. It hits our front end web server. That does the virtual host mapping from the incoming request to which gear it has to go to. And that gets routed to the gear it's on. But looking at the full picture, this is all of the components on the system that enable you to have a really nice PAS experience. You have the top part, which is your broker over REST API. You have applications coming in, going through the proxy layer in the middle. But you also have full SSH access into your gear. And this is just fine. Because although you have SSH and you can run any command locally, the SC Linux policy will protect you against any malicious activity. So before we go into today's demo, there are a couple of resources that are really good to look at. You can go to OpenShift.github.io and we have everything documented there. You have procedures to spin up your own OpenShift instance or you can download a pre-built VM and run it on your virtual machine. Let's move on to the demo. We're gonna admit right up front that this is running as a video. It's a canned one because we're not trusting the internet here today. So this demo will be available as a video for you to play with later too. Yeah. So I recorded this on Friday. So I'm just letting you know. This is pretty recent. And all of the work we have done here uses the Heat API. Heat API is an orchestration framework which allows you to really quickly spin up machines, make sure that they're started in the right order, set up your firewalls and everything easily. It works based on a CloudFormations template. So it uses the same template that you use on EC2. And that's basically what I'll be demoing today. If you go to the Heat API getting started document, which is on GitHub on the Heat website, it gives you a one command option to just really quickly install OpenStack for a demo, which is pretty much what I've used for this instance. Or you can set up your own as well, but in this case, I'm using that helper. So I created a really small startup script. There are a couple of different parts to this. There are some IP tables rules that are needed to get heat working properly. And that's basically so that the software running within the node and the heat agent can contact the services running outside. So services running on OpenStack. The second command over there is OpenStackStart, and that's just the tool that comes with heat to quickly get started with OpenStack. And then there are three agents that need to be started for heat. So there are two parts of entry here. There's the API CFN, and that's the incoming REST API. The heat engine is what does the actual orchestration. And the Heat CloudWatch API basically provides the ability for the node to publish information out to heat so that you can decide when to scale up or when to scale down. So once everything is started, the first thing you would do is of course import the Keystone credentials. And you can run the heat command line tools to list what stacks are already running. In this case, I have nothing started yet. So now that I know everything is all set up, the first step would be to go ahead and create the basic templates for heat to start the machines. And there will be two of them. The first one is the broker, the second one is the node. You can get just the basic JEOS template and run off it, but OpenShift installs a whole ton of RPMs. So it's much easier to pre-build these images and have them available. I'm gonna fast forward a little bit through this, but basically at the end of this, you get a command that you have to run. And that command basically registers the image that was created with Glance. And it will be available if you go into the OpenStack UI, all of those images that I just built and registered with Glance are available there. Nothing special, just images with the CFN tools built in. The next step is to use the CFN command to start the whole process. There are a couple of parameters being passed in there. There is the SSH key that I used to log into the machine. There is a DNS key. So within OpenShift, once you start an application, it actually creates a DNS entry for that application. So you have an easy way of getting to that application. The DNS key allows the broker to talk to the DNS server. That's it. The third part over there is the upstream DNS parameter. If the node needs to contact a YAMR repository or RubyGems or anything of that sort, that's the DNS it uses. So you kick off the command and it basically says, great, I've started. And you can also do a quick status to see what the status of your stack is. I guess I fast forwarded too much. Once everything starts running, you can go up to the UI and you get a progress view. So you'll see the broker start up. It waits for the broker to be completed and then it will run the nodes. And this is really basic orchestration within the heat template. In the heat template, I have the definition of a broker which spins up the JUS image, runs puppet to install everything. And at the end of it, it'll trigger the node startup script. And the puppet scripts included or used over here are all open and published on GitHub as well. Once everything is running, you can go and check it out. You can also, when you run heat CFN list, it will give you a status of complete. So at this point, you know everything is set up, open shift is up and running, you can connect to it. Next step is actually to take the IP address of the broker and we will add it to the resolve conf of the host machine. The only reason I'm doing this is so that I can connect to the broker and since I'm not running on a global DNS server, I need to add this to resolve it. I then SSH into the broker machine and of course I need to clear out my known host, but SSH into the broker machine and get the host name and that's what I'm gonna be using to connect to it. The host name defaults to the instancename.example.com but all of that is customizable in the template itself. When you connect to the broker the first time, it's gonna ask you for a username and password and this is the open shift login. It defaults to admin admin, so once you enter that, it will bring you to the entry page for the broker or for open shift and at this point, developers are ready to deploy an application. Everything is set up, it takes, from this point onwards it takes about five minutes to spin up an application and get going with it. So in this case I'm starting up a WordPress application. We have WordPress available on GitHub as a quick start but this could just as well be one of your Git repositories. If it's running within your system or within your company, this could be an internal Git repository that would be this one. I give it a name and a namespace and that basically defines the DNS name for the application. So once WordPress is set up, your application is up and running, it starts two services, it starts PHP and MySQL because that's pretty much all WordPress needs but in your template within your organization, you can have many cartridges within your application and that's fine. Any cartridge that starts up will print information about how to connect to it but in this case we don't really need this, we connect directly to WordPress. There you are, that's WordPress up and running. I did fast forward a little bit but it was about five minutes to this point. You can do the same thing from command line and OpenShift provides command line tools as well. So you would install RHC which is the command line tools for OpenShift and issued similar commands. You'd create an application, add cartridges to it, do a little Git push and your code is up there. So I'm gonna run through this at eight times the speed. I basically tell it with server to connect to, set up all of my keys. It sees WordPress is already installed, I create a new application, gives me back a Git repository, make a code change before pushing, I check after pushing, I check and that's about it. So basically there's really no excuse anymore for not running a platform as a service on OpenStack because we've got heat now, it's awesome, pretty easy to use, makes automating all of that instances and the machine's pretty simple. It's very fast to deploy and all of the scripts for deploying OpenShift are in GitHub right now. So there's no excuse for anybody not to give it a whirl and give it a try. So I think what we've tried to do is make it really simple to deploy a pass on OpenStack without any extra headaches and made it something that we can all collaborate on and work on together. So if you'd like to use this, again we've said that it's on openshift.github.io. We're happy to take any questions. There is a Google community out there called OpenShift Origin Developers that you can find with plenty of ways to get ahold of us via email. We're always on IRC. There are lots of forums and we'd love to have you come and talk to us. We do write tons of blogs about how to do lots of different interesting things, everything from writing cartridges. We have a new cartridge architecture that's just being launched a couple of days ago. Our first release of Origin went out two days ago as an open source project. All of this is freely available and online and we really would like to encourage you all to try it out on OpenStack. Give us your feedback. Tell us what you think and work with us to build the next generation of Paz completely in the open source world. So we'd love to take any questions you have about heat, about Paz. If you have any, there's a hand here. Go for it. So it's up to the person that sets up OpenShift. You have the ability to control CPU, memory, quota, and network IO, not disk IO. Right now it's just quota-based. The network IO you have, it depends on the cartridge that you're using. So if the cartridge includes, if it's Apache or something, we use something similar to ModBW to regulate it. And you can also set up IP table rules. You do, yeah. Sorry, can you repeat that? Multiple OpenStack tenants. Well, it would depend. OpenShift itself doesn't directly talk to OpenStack. So that's all performed by the heat template. As far as I know, the heat template operates on only one project at a time, but I might be wrong about that. Yes. Right, so the question, if I understand it right, and please correct me, is you can use heat to directly deploy something like WordPress or you can use heat to deploy OpenShift and then WordPress on top. And what advantage does OpenShift provide over just the template? Right, okay. So the heat API, so let's keep heat on the side. So just let's look at, let's compare WordPress directly on OpenStack versus WordPress on OpenShift on OpenStack. Just those two. The advantage that the OpenShift option gives you is that you can pack many applications and utilize the machine much better. So the assumption that we make in OpenShift is that not all applications are gonna be active at all points in time. So there are applications that will scale up and scale down, and you want to balance the resources amongst multiple applications using as little hardware as possible.  And no matter how much it is used or not, that one machine is always taken up. So you get a little bit better resource usage when you're using OpenShift. But that said, virtualization may not be the best fit. Luckily, OpenStack will work with bare metal as well. And that actually works out really nicely because now you don't incur the overhead of virtualization and you just let OpenShift containers pack as many things directly on bare metal without incurring that overhead as well. And that's another option that you can do. So I hope I answered your question. Any others? Yes. We'll upload them right after this. We have to combine just the two. But we have the video too, so that'll be available shortly. The whole thing. Yeah, it's all good. Yes. So if I understand your question right, you're talking about the individual cartridges and whether one cartridge can depend on the other? Yeah. You can go either way. It doesn't matter. Your application will define which cartridges it is interested in. And within each cartridge, you can have additional dependencies and it'll resolve and pull them in, within to your application. Yes, sir? Yes, it does. It works. OpenShift, as far as the developers are concerned, has two parts to it. There is the application controlling, so starting, stopping, restarting, and creating, destroying, of course. And then there is deploying your application. So that would be Git push-based. There is an Eclipse IDE, actually an Eclipse plugin, which helps you do this. And otherwise, I'll be working with, I don't see anyone from Cloudsoft here, but there will be integration with that as well to create slightly more complex situations where you'd like to deploy to it. And of course, you're welcome to create your own. The REST API is documented and the Git push is just Git push. There's nothing special going on there. I'm not sure I understand. So within OpenShift, we don't change the software that's running at all. It's no change at all. So it's running whatever you get. OpenShift will run on Fedora or Rel, Fedora 18 or Rel 6. And we use whatever comes packaged with that application. We don't change it in any way. The only restriction you might have is if you run into an SELinux rule preventing you from changing ETC password, something like that. Any other questions? Thank you very much.


Hey, what's going on everybody? My name is John Hammond and welcome back to another YouTube video We're still looking at latex. We just get a really basic hello world program or a little PDF Beautiful document that we created with latex. It was really funny and in preparation to make this tutorial I actually just wanted to get like a nice little visual over you guys, you know as you started to watch So I googled latex it went to images and I completely forgot That it was not latex the program language, but also a latex so Okay, regardless let's talk about some text formatting and some text decoration within latex I'm gonna save this as a new file. I'll just call it text decoration dot text So we had a little hello world and let's get a new line for it And let's say we want bold text We want bold text so control b to display this out. We want whoa a little typo there. We want bold text and Notice that it actually displayed that on a new line because I specified a single line space In between this line and the other line That tells latex. Hey put this on a new line if I actually had it just one line ahead Control b to run it. It doesn't add the new line there We can specify. Hey, we literally want a new line in latex with two backslashes And that will put it on a new line for us, but you'll notice Now there's an indent for a hello world line and there's no indent for our we want bold text on that new line Because it's like it's still part of that paragraph If we wanted to we could specify no indent On the first line now when I run this you can see hello world is moved over to the side I'll close out of that and um, that's pretty much how you can work with those lines real simply in latex Just know You're not going to get a new line in between things if you just specify one new line in between them You have to specify another new line in between them. Sure. Okay. Let's seriously get that bold text now The syntax for that is text bf for text boldface and then wrapped inside our Curly braces here all the information will be in bold text now if we wanted italics It's similar syntax to that text and then it for italics bf for boldface it for italics And we now have italic text. What if we wanted underline text? Well, the syntax of that is underline And now we have underline text simple stuff Just syntax formatting that we want to have And let's see what else we can do I'm gonna check it out actually head over to do a little bit of research Let's do latex text formatting and there's some more information all this all online You can set up different line spaces you can um Supply stretch spaces. Okay, so let's get like if I wanted to display as a simple header my name John Hammond being the author display that out And we can also set a hfill to get on the same line something allocated to the end of the margin like the right side right aligned and let's put the date just like they're doing with backslash today Now you can see way over on the side there. There's the date And you'll notice way at the very end of this Uh document they explain some simple things that are latex ready-made strings like the date being today like we just filled in And then there's other stuff for latex We can actually specify Latex is something we actually want you to play out and we'll get that pretty latex symbol that they normally use to denote their latex stuff There's some other stuff in this document, which would be pretty cool to look through. Um I think spaces Hyphenating stuff you can roll in through this if you wanted to using quotes is an interesting thing Like if we wanted to write a book we could say that john said You'll actually notice I get errors I get some weird red syntax highlighting if I try to use regular quotes in here Because that won't actually run or at least it won't give us the output that we want If we wanted real quotes, it looks like it does give us some but not real pretty quotes If we wanted to we could specify within back ticks If I press the back tick symbol now we'll get a single quote And we can specify this one more time with another set of back ticks And now we'll even be syntax highlighted Like double quotes like real dialogue nice You can see that denoted in the uh argument here Other things they discuss our Looks like slash marks Oh, and they recommend subscript and superscript We can do that With text subscript velocity Initial or something how about that looks like we get an error Probably had to have a space there. No Text subscript. What is wrong with that? Okay, it looks like it needs a current leitech version or something to use it a subscript like that um So that's giving an error there. I'm not really going to mess with that but continue along superscript That works. I tested that that works. All right Whoa, whoa, what are you doing wikipedia? All right Other stuff they get into are hyphens and strikes like dashes and hyphens normally if you wanted to you like something Interrupted me When we display that It's not a very long hyphen. It's just like a regular dash But they note here that you can have a a range If you actually supply two dashes and it'll be a longer syntax They do also display the same thing with three dashes To get a m dash or like a longer punctuation dash. Now you can see that's even longer like something interrupted me cool also, they get into ellipsis because if you wanted to write something dramatic with dot dot dots There are no errors that it'll it'll look pretty all right But since it's a single like character. It's pretty small in the font space If you wanted to make it more in-depth ellipsis. It says they they talk about it here. You can actually just enter this A special command with backslash l dots Now when we run this This spacing is proper. So There you go Pretty simple stuff again. Just syntax text boldface text italics Bf for boldface it for italics underline Especially if we can use strike through text or stuff like that Or latex underline with dashes Just to get a little more information as to what more we can do Cool, they specify stuff with different packages packages it looks like Packages can extend latex functionality so we can use package right outside of our document environment, but and like the header or the information of our Uh latex document so we can use a ulem.  Do a little bit more research there. It looks like the syntax Ooh actually works with sol or sol So if we wanted to we could use package sol And then st looks like we'll get a strike through Strike through text No errors and hey strike through text it works just fine for us Cool very very cool simple stuff Just a matter of knowing the syntax in latex and I just want to run through a little bit of demonstration so Oh looks like you can even use it with ulem too Do we even need sol? s out Sweet it does the same thing for us. So yeah, we don't even need the sol or sol package. We can just use ulem ulem will give us a little bit more uh Information there or a little bit more functionality. That's cool. Cool. Thanks for watching guys simple stuff But knowing latex is a awesome tool to have in your in your pocket a little weapon on your belt, you know All right. See you later


President Bola Ahmed Chinubu has declared a state of emergency on food security, approving that all matters pertaining to food and water availability and affordability as essential livelihood items be included within the purview of the National Security Council. This was contained by the special advisor to the president on special duties, communications and strategy Delia Lake, while briefing state house correspondents after consultations with key stakeholders in the agricultural sector of the presidential villa Abuja. According to Lake, the president has directed an immediate release of fertilizers and grains to farmers and households to mitigate the effects of the subsidy removal. As a hands-on leader who follows developments across the country every day, the president is not unmindful of the rising cost of food and how it affects the citizens. While availability is not a problem, affordability has been a major issue to many Nigerians in all parts of the country. This has led to a significant drop in demand, thereby undermining the viability of the entire agriculture and food value chain. Accordingly and in line with this administration's position on ensuring that the most vulnerable are supported, the president has declared with immediate effect the following actions. One, a state of emergency on food security. Two, that all matters pertaining to food and water availability and affordability as essential livelihood items be included within the purview of the National Security Council. Now as a direct and immediate response to this crisis, a number of initiatives will be deployed in the coming weeks to reverse this inflationary trend and guarantee future uninterrupted supplies of affordable foods to ordinary Nigerians. As with most emergencies, there are immediate, medium and long-term interventions and solutions. In the immediate time, this government intends to deploy some savings from the full subsidy removal into the agricultural sector, focusing on revamping the agriculture sector.


Today, we are going to start with the lesson 5 which is very much important in a way that here we are discuss need for the achievement theory of Macleodon. So far, we have discussed so many theories in detail, but portion wise and part wise we will discuss in the later stages. Hey, what we will going to dig out and find out the basic reason for learning the Macleodon theory and who drives and what are the main drivers for the entrepreneurial development or the structural development or the profit motives or the belief motives or to develop the organizational or the state structure by the entrepreneurial development. So, today we will learn about the main drivers of an entrepreneur in the light of Macleodon theory and secondly, we will discuss how is the theory of achievement and its driver are still affecting entrepreneur today. So, in this module 65th, the achievement in the history of background here the rise in the fall of the nation throughout the history can be attributed to the various factors one and then how the industrial revolution is the furthest we think we are talking about the achievement on the social level. We have seen a lot of discussions in this, tried to find out and try to dig out the history in a better way that how we connect 1820 i.e. in 1820 industrial revolution innovation can not be said but industrial revolution means there is a thing in it where for the first time there is a wheel and then there is an idea of a car and then all the waste that is called perishable items, they start to be given some form, they start to become bakery items, they start to preserve fruits, they start to extract fruits, they start to be factory items, which you call a manji, then they are given the form of rice, then they come to preserve it, they come to you, so in a better way a different idea of things begins, from wheels to other things and then in these days development begins. Europe, which is in the dark age, it is completely, i.e. in a time you see today you will see how dark age is, in which there is no innovation, the idea of business is seen by Frederick Taylor, so when he brought this idea for the first time and he saw what computing management is, i.e. he did this till here, he worked on the labour and brought systems on automation, i.e. jobs, when he was 12 jobs or 18 jobs, i.e. the whole factory's system tried to computerize and digitize it, so this was the time where these things continued to happen, so now on rise and fall, it does not go in very old times, but in every era, there are changes, and historically you cannot say that in the 1820s you will see progress, in the 21st century you will see more robotic engineering, or AI technology will increase, because while giving the Quranic references, I also said that there was a community of Salih al-Islam, a community which had built many houses on the mountains, used to live in the fields, architecture went on its walls, technicalities also went on its walls, social attitude also changed, and if we go into the history, then if we want to go up to 10,000 years old and then after that 5,000 documented history, and then after that 3,000 Greek, and then your 2000 years, not Roman Empire, so your intellectual development, your governance structure, assembly position, then law, all these developments are going on, now try to understand this background, that entrepreneurial development starts from there, that you do not understand that with politics, they saw a new development, that development was that in the first era, you must have heard the story of Hazrat Yusuf al-Islam and you must have seen that movie which is usually made in the of the season, basically it was extracted from Qasas and Ambiya, in that you saw that you see the dream of seven full cows and seven dry cows, then you see the managerial equipment of Hazrat Yusuf al-Islam, then you see how he will manage the era of Qaith Salih, there is an intuition, that is how you want to get the divine intuition, how you want to get the divine intuition in the managerial structure, then you see the calculations, and then in the calculations, in the case of the era of Qaith, the money was collected, the cow was collected, now how it will be returned in the bad times, then the idea of the big fossils and the big spillovers came and the cow was collected, this is the first time in the supply chain, there was such a big development, now the concept of warehousing comes from Hazrat Yusuf al-Islam, now this development as I am telling you for 4,000 years, remember and it is important for the students that you will get a prophet in every civilization, and with every prophet you will get a civilization, state versus politics, but now we come to the new work, when politics and states came, then he saw that the people will have to do the work, or else he will collect and eat whatever is coming from anywhere, then with the technicality, there is a lot of entrepreneurial development, then we talk about western ideas, then we never move ahead from 1820, that means we do not go back, we move ahead, now it will come in 1820, so in the future, what does individual and society perform under the state, this is the idea that the religion was always parallel to the state, it is also called the monk monarchy, so the monk was based on the foundation of religion, whose divinity had no relation, when these two things were wrong, then the prophet used to do everything in different places, but he also talked about entrepreneurial development, i.e. he called it al-Qas, i.e. he made it with his own hands, the prophet was a very big king, he was the king of the universe, he was the king of the universe, he was the king of the universe, but he made it with his own hands, and he used to sell it himself, you must be surprised that he was such a big king, and the prophet and the king also gave it to him, he used to wake up in the morning, and he used to give orders and milk, all of it was in his hands, but the things he used to eat, the requirements he used to live for, he used to give him a poison, he used to sell it, and he used to eat it, so look here, this is a motif, i.e. Biblical, Quranic, Divine, and you can see it from everywhere, so you have been given a way to work, i.e. entrepreneurial development, now look at how the cultural division comes from society, is the earliest theorist that attempt to explain different level of achievement, now what is achievement? is it an attempt to acquire the kingdom, to acquire the structure, or to perform any kind of duty, is this the achievement of entrepreneurial development? No, by doing this, you can increase things, increase the wealth, increase the work, and take different things forward, this is called achievement, now we see that, you were convinced of this idea, that it should be the part of the social structure, i.e. entrepreneurial development, so in society, the outcome or result of the work, in terms of motive or profit motive, society will not have any purpose, so this is how we extract the Macleodon theory so far, that this is a historic background, we will move forward to the technical part of the next module, thank you very much.


Thank you Victoria, good evening so there's limited cure for neurologic disease and Part of this comes from the fact that We really need models to understand what really goes wrong in Neurologic disease So basically for many many years the mouse has been the most studied model Trying to understand what's going wrong, but as you can see here also There's major differences in size But also in the structure of for example the brain of a mouse Then the next step to get closer to humans would be to go for neuropathology and As you can see here, this is an Alzheimer's disease brain There's a clear difference, but this is the end stage of the disease and to really find cures you need to understand the temporal resolution of the disease and Since we are having troubles in asking a patient to give us a part of his brain we need to think about a very cellular models and One of them I will go to present today so the solution is don't take the brain take something else and the options are Broad but but for example blood or skin is much easier to reach than the brain obviously and the solution is to turn those cells into Cells of the brain for example neurons shown here and then to study the patient's disease in the dish by Looking at exactly the same cells that are affected So let's take a look a closer look and zoom in here so the major revolution was to learn how to turn any cell of the body for example the skin cell here into a neuron and The strategy for this is to do a gene switch to turn the skin cell Into a cell. That's pluripotent So basically to turn it back to an embryonic like state so that this cell can become anything when it's grown up and As as neuroscientists we are specifically interested in those cells that make the brain so we differentiate those cells via different steps and in the end we get a neuron and This is not my invention, but it's invention of Shinya Yamanaka who was awarded the Nobel Prize for this in 2012 so I decided to get you to have a look through the microscope and and this is kind of the Way from going here from pluripotent stem cells to neurons so the first step here the Pluripotent stem cells so they are clumped together Very round-ish cells and then we start to instruct them To do things that they would kind of do during embryonic development So first we ask them to free float and form balls And then we ask them to settle down to give them a chance that the neurons can start growing out of this ball And once we have those progenitor cells for neurons We then ask them to differentiate into fully mature neurons so this seems easy, but it's a process that takes six weeks or longer and a lot of my PhD students time at the moment and And this is how it looks at the end those beautiful green cells. Those are all Neurons and those were also the first neurons that we created in a long and at the time that we're from a human patient and One of the most important things about neurons is that they are able to communicate with each other and Neuronal communication is not chatting, but it's to be electrically active to transmit the signals and This is what we are going to use and Within the next couple of minutes, I'm going to show to you how we can apply those techniques to biomedical questions and the two major research fields that my lab is following up is to study disease mechanisms in specific diseases, but also to look at compound testing and Define drugs that potentially might turn into Medication Theoretically you can also transplant those cells back into the brain But it's a technique that in my expectation Will not become a valuable technique in Germany due to restrictions on the ethical and legal side and the two stories that I'm going to show within the next minutes is Is diseases that we are trying to understand by using this model? So one is a chronic pain and the other one is Parkinson's disease So let's start with a pain So this proof case is a patient with a chronic pain called small fiber neuropathy So to get you an imagination of what this all is about is that she has been in severe pain for more than 10 years And she has tried all the drugs that are usually given to treat pain and none of them work And when you ask her for the severeness of the pain Which is usually done on a scale from one to from zero to ten and Zero is no pain and ten is maximal pain and then with seven point five She's pretty pretty at the top of what somebody can be here over a time and we also have some Neurophysiology on the patient which is a technique called Microneography which my colleague Barbara Nama was performing on that patient And what she saw was that it's not only the pain in the patient but there's one measurement that kind of reflects this pain and it's this hyperactivity of very small nerves and so we went on to get a sample from the patient and To turn this into pluripotent stem cells and then turn it into peripheral neurons And since Activities seem to be so important in the patient. We also looked at activity first and so we put the cells on a multi electrode plate with electrodes measuring the activity and Here you can see the controls and activity would show up as one of those Blueish and then yellow dots which you rarely see in the controls But if you look at all the patient cells which around here, then you realize that there are many more of those blue Bright dots popping up over time So we started to measure this and this is what we found so in healthy Neurons we see rarely any activity But in the patient this activity as shown here again in those blue yellowish dots is significantly higher and the next step was to think about Compounds and potential ways of trying to reduce this hyperactivity back to a normal stage So we tried several compounds and I'm not showing this whole Testing right now. I just show you one drug because I think that was really important So that drug that I'm going to show is called lecosamide and it's a drug That's usually used to treat epilepsy and when we put on lecosamide Something very unexpected happened So we were able to turn this hyperactivity from in in the cells from the patient Back to normal levels here here in green So we were kind of really lucky since lecosamide is a is a drug that's that's approved by By the FDA so so people use it for other implications so we recommend it to the clinician of the patient to recommend it to the patient and So she took the medication and this is the untreated situation as seen before and This was really surprising So our prediction of what we saw in the electrophysiology on the cells Totally correlated with what we saw when she took it She said the pain is just gone and then for some other medical conditions She had to interrupt this treatment and the pain came back Which was not cool for her, but a proof that the compound worked and when she restarted it again it was back and Barbara now my colleague did microneuropathy on the patient again And what she could see is that this hyperactivity and the lecosamide normalized So basically we found a way here to take information from from the patient patient cells and Get those findings back to the patient So that was the pain But the next that I'm going to step into is a chronic and new degenerative disease it's called Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease motor symptoms mostly consists of shaking of slow movements and of stiffness of the muscles and right now There is symptomatic treatment, but there is no way to really halt the progression of the disease So this is what we see neuro pathologically There's this depth of dopaminergic neurons in in the midbrain so an area located around here and Since those dopaminergic neurons die there's less dopamine transmitted to the basal ganglia and that's what causes those symptoms and Still there are major differences between different patients. So some are very stable and some progress very fast and one of those Causes to module for this disease modulation is the immune system and so there is the hypothesis out there that not only the Immune system of the brain the microglia But also peripheral immune cells are able to infiltrate into the brain during Parkinson's disease and then Contact the neuron so we thought about technique to stimulate this this interaction in the dish and This is the work by PhD student in my lab Anika summer and Irina Prott's and Basically, they went the classical way to go for the neuron and then they took blood from the patient and with the help of Jürgen Winkler and Frank smart X writer in the outpatient clinic for Movement disorders and then isolated immune cells from this blood sample and activated them and then Created a co-culture of neurons and peripheral immune cells So what about Parkinson's disease if you take cells from Parkinson's disease patients They're controls what you see is that in PD? Those neurons disappear. So they're the neurons die when they interact with Immune cells and are we able to rescue this and Surprisingly enough we found an antibody based therapy where we were able to Block the immune cells and then the neurons would survive even in the Parkinson's disease patients And this is really important since this could define your therapies since one of the compounds that we tried here is Drug called sequo genie map which is used already in the clinic for the for psoriasis treatment and could be repurposed so those are ways to Look at neurons in the dish and enter and see what happens In disease modeling or compound testing on the neurons, but as already Mentioned there are many more cells in the brain that that need to be taken into account for this So there are astrocytes Oligodendrocytes, there is the immune cell of the brain, but also parasites and this led to the creation of a Bavarian consortium for human stem cells called for inter and as you can see the collaborators are located all over Bavaria and there is groups in Alangen who are mostly focusing on Cell-based assays. There is neuropathology involved There is a larger group of bioinformaticians and computational scientists and mathematicians involved but as humans themselves are also of Impact for for ethics and the law we also Got lawyers into our consortium and I'm happy to tell you that Tonight speakers are from different locations and from different aspects of this consortium and Will present their perspective on human stem cells So to sum up here I hope I could show you that human stem cells are a very important model for studying neurologic diseases and That those systems allow us to test for specific compounds and potential medication For neurologic diseases as shown for example for pain or Parkinson's disease But I think what's more important is that those are all very complex experiments that need that need clinicians that need people in molecular and cellular biology that Need a lot of computational biology, but also need to cover the ethical aspect and Consortial efforts are necessary for this. So thank you for your attention Thank you very much be a day Let's see if we have some questions. So we have two volunteers with microphones and there is one question in the middle Adela in the middle Please wait until Adela comes to you with a microphone Thank you. So I'm not sure I understood if the fact that neurons are killed by immune System cells in the Parkinson's disease is a is the cause of the Parkinson's disease or a consequence or you just don't know yet So I would say it's a it's an important modifier So so we are trying to find out whether or not it's a cause by taking a larger group into account But at the moment, I think we are sure enough to say it's an important modifier of the disease Thank you. Let's see if there are more Yes, there is also one more in the middle Adela a bit from front. Yeah Hey, thank you for the interesting lecture. I had I have a question because you mentioned that there were some ethical and legal concerns raised towards Like the subject of your research, could you elaborate on that? Like what what's the problem that people would be having? I'm not sure if I'm the expert elaborate since there will be a top on on on those aspects, but for our part of Of course, the most obvious part is we are working with material from patients that gave their cells to us to study But there are many more things that will be raised. I think after the break, right? Yes Yeah, yeah More biological side questions here, let's wait with the legal ones for later for hannes Not right now, okay. Well, yes, there is one more in the middle as well. Yes Hello, thank you very much for lecture. I have the question There was one slide where you showed that you turn the skin cells into the neurons and then in your words You said we first ask them to be like a ball or something and then we ask them. Could you elaborate? How do you ask like how does it work? I'm completely not from biology field. Yeah, so so the question was How exactly we perform the technique to turn the skin cell into a stem cell and into a neuron and basically this first step is is done by jump-starting Genes that are on during embryonic development So that can be done for example by adding a virus But that can also be done by adding protein So so there are various ways, but the important thing is to tell the pluripotency genes So to do this gene switch and turn them on again and then the cell can be anything it wants to be and then for the second step to go from the pluripotent cell to the Neuron, it's basically changing the environment and making the cell feel that this feels like in a brain and Adding adding kind of grow factors that that cell would also meet when it gets or when it's growing in the brain Thank you. Beate. So I encourage you all to come to Beate in the break ask more questions and now let's thank her


think we do so Todd has some goodies here all right all right so you you mentioned a decomposable air tag case I figure I passed along three air tag accessories that I've found to be noteworthy cool the heart shell mount for air tags by moment this is a flat covering for air tags with an adhesive backing to let you mount your air tag as you please I use this to place an air tag in my vehicle behind my rearview mirror just like I have done second up tag vault keychain this minimal case contains your air tag in hard plastic I've placed that on my keys and find it more appealing and rugged than the dangly leather cases that are out there and then the last one for our furry friends but it's tag vault pet this attaches your air tag flush against any pet collar it is minimal and out of the way no dangling attachments to get caught on things I know they say don't rely on an air tag to track your pet but again it will give me some peace of mind whenever I get mine also bonus points if you train your dog to come when you make the air tag play his sound that's a really good idea


Y First Item of Business is general questions about how a housing minister aims to improve the transparency, accessibility and reporting of home adaptation funding. Integration joint boards are responsible for the planning and delivery of adaptations. o dechrau'r lleidigfawr murd iaith ac i gydagolad o gydagolad. Mae'r gair iaith rhaid i ganddufu iaith o gyfasgwaith ac i gydagolad i gydagolad.  The Scottish Government publishes a range of information on expenditure on adaptations. Kezia Dugdale. I thank the minister for that answer. He is aware that the Scottish Government cash for home adaptations has been frozen for seven years. Now that it has been absorbed into the IGBs, it is almost impossible to track the money in terms of the number of adaptations that take place or indeed the money that is spent. Given the clear link between the need for home adaptations and the demands on social care, does he agree that this urgently needs sorted out and we need to be able to follow the money and when can we expect to do that? I agree that we need to look at this in more depth and that is why the review that I talked about is taking place. Obviously the Scottish Government has provided £10 million a year over a number of years directly to RSLs for adaptations but primarily this is additional money. Primarily all of that rests with the IGBs. The Cabinet Secretary for Health, Jeane Freeman and I want to make sure that this is done right, is as open and transparent as it possibly can be and that is why we agreed to undertake the review and I am sure that I will come back to Parliament or Ms Freeman will come back to Parliament with more in depth on that once that is completed. Graham Simpson to be followed by Stuart McMillan. Thanks, Kezia Dugdale is absolutely right. It is virtually impossible to follow the money under the current system and that needs to be sorted out but she mentioned that money for adaptations has been frozen at £10 million for seven years. That is a real terms decrease of over £1 million. Doesn't the minister not think that it is time to increase that amount? Minister. As I said to Ms Dugdale in my answer to her, this is additional money. The primary responsibility for the budgeting of adaptations rests with integrated joint boards. They are the ones who should be ensuring that people's needs are met in this particular area. In the last year that we have figures for, 2016-17, the total reported spend by IGBs was £38.413 million. I want to make sure that people know where the money is being spent. That is why we have agreed to undertake the review and that is why we have gone ahead with it. That is the right thing to do. Stuart McMillan. I would be grateful if the minister could inform me if he had any discussions with the Scottish War Blinded, who has various numbers of grants and funds available to help particularly people from the armed forces community who are blind and visually impaired. Minister. I am aware of the excellent work of the Scottish War Blinded and other veterans charities in supporting and delivering services to disabled veterans across Scotland. The Government's housing voluntary sector grant supports third sector organisations that are committed to helping disabled people to live independently at home. For example, Housing Options Scotland operates military matters that focus on housing matters that affect service personnel, veterans and their families. Jeremy Balfour. To ask the Scottish Government for what reason Transport Scotland requires disabled people to renew their national entitlement card every three years, including when they have a disability that is permanent or progressive. Renews during the grounds of disability as documentary evidence is required to show that the person remains eligible to access the scheme. While there are some conditions that will be permanent, in the majority of cases circumstances can change. I appreciate that renewal may be an inconvenience for those with a condition. However, those measures are designed to ensure that only those people who are eligible have access to the scheme. Stuart McMillan. When we are Transport Scotland about the policy, we said that it was to ensure fairness for all disabled people who are treated fairly. However, how does a costly, demeaning and unnecessarily process fit with the Scottish Government's ethos of treating people with dignity and respect? The member will be aware that the scheme does not operate on a condition-specific basis. Therefore, it has to operate in anechro fashion for the 1.4 million people who have access to the existing national entitlement card, which is to ensure that it is only applied to those who are entitled to it. The member should also be aware, because he certainly did not reflect that in his supplementary question, that the renewal process is a simplified process, which is very different from the re-application process in order to reduce the burden for individuals who are seeking to have a renewal of their card. The process has been simplified in order to make it much easier for those who are seeking renewal. Kenneth Gibson. I have a constituent born with disability so severe that, throughout her life, she has been incapable of work or forming meaningful relationships. Her sibling deals with other things for her, yet the UK Tory Government has subjected her to nine employment support allowance work capability assessments over the years. Even at 62, she was summoned to appear at job centre plus in air many miles from her home for another. In this light, does the cabinet secretary agree that it takes a shocking lack of self-awareness for Tory MSPs to come to the chamber and complain about national entitlement card renewal terms? That question is rather wider than marked, so it is a very brief response, Mr Minister. I think that it is an utter disgrace that constituents such as Kenneth Gibson have been put through such a degrading process. The process that was used by the DWP is in no way similar to the process that we use for the national entitlement card, which is a simplified process in order to make sure that it is a dignified process for those who are applying for it. To ask the Scottish Government what information it can provide regarding the findings of Police Scotland's recent visit to Vietnam. Since 2014, Vietnamese nationals have been the most frequently reported potential victims of trafficking through the national ferro mechanism in Scotland. Labour exploitation was the most common exploitation type for both adults and children, but experience of multiple exploitation appears common in transit and on arrival. The national human trafficking unit was invited by every child protected against trafficking to participate in a two-part best practice exchange with Vietnam. Police Scotland met representatives from the Vietnamese police. The Ministry of Public Security discussed options for collaborative work in furtherance of the recently signed MOU between the UK Government and the Vietnamese Government. Jenny Marra Children arrive in Scotland from Vietnam on their own with no parent or anyone to look after them. Traffic is here to be exploited sexually for their labour in nail bars and in cannabis farms in Scotland. Unaccompanied children are extremely vulnerable. That is why the Human Trafficking and Exploitation Act provided that the Scottish guardianship service would step in to give those children legal protection. Three and a half years on, the Scottish Government has not yet enacted that provision. Vietnamese and other traffic children still do not have a Scottish legal guardian that this Government promised them. Why is this, cabinet secretary? If you commit today to enacting section 11, will you also please meet me to discuss the scope of section 11? As there are concerns that the Government will interpret it too narrowly and the will of Parliament to protect vulnerable children will not be fully realised by your Government? Can I first recognise the work that Jenny Marra has done in the interests that she has taken in this issue? We are very proud of breaking that legislation on independent child trafficking and guardian, which will take forward in section 11. What I would say to Jenny Marra is that I will meet her and the Minister for Children and Early Years will be happy to meet her, who is leading on this particular section of the act. I have some issue with the characterisation of the support. There is support available for unaccompanied children. It is through the Scottish guardianship service. I have visited that service, which is provided by the Scottish Refugee Council in Aberlour. Of course, it gets £300,000 of Scottish Government funding. That has worked with almost 400 young people since the inception in 2010. Let us not make the assumption that there is no support there for young people. That point that Jenny Marra raises is a very valid one. She asked me to meet her because she has issues in and around the scope of section 11. It has taken a bit longer to draft the consultation, but that consultation will be ready to go out in section 11 in spring. If she wishes to meet me or the Minister for Children and Early Years, once that consultation has gone out or before that, we will be happy to have that conversation. 4. Alison Harris To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to reduce abuse against elderly people. I thank Alison Harris for that question. Abuse in her communities is unacceptable. No person should ever be subject to any form of abuse. We have made the ill treatment and willful neglect of adults receiving health and social care of criminal offence and are currently consulting on the hate crime legislation, including the introduction of a statutory sentencing aggravation of age-related hostility. I thank you for that answer. Recently, in my region, several elderly people were abused by a member of staff at a care home facility. That ranged from degrading humiliation to physical abuse. No one should have to go through that, and elderly people are particularly vulnerable. However, the culprit was only sentenced to 90 hours of unpaid work. Does the minister agree with me that crimes like that should be treated more seriously? Absolutely. That is the reason why, in my opening remarks, I explained to Alison Harris that we are currently consulting on an age-related hostility aggravation in the hate crime legislation. She will know that the Care Commission has done some work around that. Also that everyone in Scotland has a right to a safe, compassionate, high-quality care that meets their needs and respects their rights. In respect of those rights, we have to look at what Lord Bracadale has recommended in his work that he has done for us and consult on that. I encourage every member in here to encourage their local people to get involved in that consultation so that we can take forward some of the issues that older people face when it comes to vulnerability, hostility and the hate crime around their age. David Stewart will be well aware that action and elder abuse gave evidence to the Justice Committee in February. They believe that the real reason older people are targeted is due to the perceived vulnerability. Is Scotland meeting its international human rights commitments towards older people? Finally, should there be a specific offence of elder abuse? I thank David Stewart for that question and it ties into the answer to the last question. Vulnerability is a very clear theme that we are working on through Lord Bracadale's recommendations. He recognised that older people can be targeted and perpetrators can target them because of the perception of their age and vulnerability. Vulnerability is a very clear aspect in where we are looking at. The consultation is looked at age-related hostility, and it is about age and vulnerability. We are very happy to hear any other comments that he has on that, but we are taking that forward with a serious mind. Neil Findlay To ask the Scottish Government what assessment the Scottish Prison Service carries out of prisoners when they are first convicted. Every person who is received into a Scottish prison, whether on remand or conviction, is subject to a multi-tiered assessment process. They will get a reception risk assessment conducted by SPS staff. That identifies immediate requirements and risks relating to social care, self-harm and addictions. They will get a healthcare assessment, which is carried out by NHS professionals. For those who are serving more than seven days, they will get a further core screen, which is conducted. Individuals are also asked if they have children or dependents and whether they have served in the military. Neil Findlay The prison population is very disproportionately made up of people who, on conviction, are in poverty, experience and addiction or homelessness, yet the Scottish Prison Service, nor the Scottish Government, can tell us how many people were in those circumstances prior to going to prison. How can we possibly address those very serious issues when we have no idea of the extent of the problem? I thank Neil Findlay for raising the question again. I take some issue with the characterisation, but I think that the general point that Neil Findlay is making is a very valid one.  Frankly, when it comes to those issues, if they were addressed, they would probably not be veering into the criminal justice system at all. We have a shared responsibility, and of course the Government takes that responsibility on looking at interventions before they get into the criminal justice system to deal with those issues. The second point that Neil Findlay raises is that we need to get better at the information sharing between social work, between the Scottish Courts and Tribunal Service, between the Scottish Prison Service and other agencies. To give him the reassurance, I have asked for a meeting of those agencies and, indeed, for our justice board, which makes up those stakeholders and many more, to examine that information sharing. The more information that we have in an individual, the better our interventions can be, the better our interventions, the more chance there is of rehabilitation, the more chance there is of rehabilitation, the less chance there is of victims and of crime. Therefore, we have safer communities for all. Liam McArthur The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport has acknowledged that mental health checks in our prisons are essential, yet only two mental health professionals have been added to the prison workforce since more were promised in March 2017. In the meantime, both the prison population and self-harm incidents have soared. Is the Cabinet Secretary concerned that we may have seen a decrease per head in access to mental health services in our prisons and how many of the 800 extra-mental health workers will be allocated to the prison estate? Liam McArthur I thank Liam McArthur for raising the question and again for his interest in the issue. I will try to give him a couple of reassurances. The first is to say that the processes that the Scottish Parliament has in relation to identifying practices of self-harm has greatly improved. In 2017, there was a further quality assurance process and it would be fair to say that some of the rising numbers that we see are actually because the reporting mechanism is a lot better perhaps than in previous years. However, that is not to say that there are not issues in around self-harm in our prison. We are dealing with often very complex issues and complex individuals. Myself, the health secretary and the Minister for Mental Health have a regular conversation about the needs in prisons. It is, of course, as he will know, a mental health review taking place, which will look at mental health provision in prisons. However, what I would say to him is that it is a specific issue of our young people. He will be aware that there is a review on going in-pollment in relation to the mental health provision therein. Of course, I will report to Parliament once that review has been completed. Clare Baker To ask the Scottish Government when it last met ScotRail and what issues were discussed. Michael Matheson I last met Alex Hynes, managing director of ScotRail Alliance on 23 January. I will meet him on 24 April. My officials remain in regular and constantly he is on with ScotRail about a full range of operational issues that are required to be delivered by ScotRail. Clare Baker The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport may be aware of the packed public meeting in Kirkcaldy a few weeks ago, organised by Lesley Laird MP with Alex Hynes from ScotRail, where five travellers strongly expressed their frustration and their anger with delayed, cancelled and overcrowded trains. Commuters were told at this meeting not to expect the peak-time service to return to normal until at least December. Does the cabinet secretary accept that five commuters are being badly let down by this appalling service? Will he work with ScotRail to deliver a cut in fares until services return to normal in recognition of the unacceptable service that fifers are experiencing? Michael Matheson The member will be aware that we have raised concerns with ScotRail regarding its performance on the five-circle and on other parts of the network in Scotland, which is why we triggered the issue of a remedial notice that was issued to ScotRail on 24 December, which now requires it to bring forward a remedial plan that has been submitted to the Scottish Government to transport Scotland to be considered. We are now at the very advanced stages of entering that into an remedial agreement. That is specifically about addressing the concerns that her constituents and others who have experienced disruption with ScotRail's performance that those issues are addressed on a consistent, on-going basis. A key part of that is about making sure that they get access to the rolling stock, which will help to improve performance, including additional capacity on routes such as Fife, which has been delayed because of failures by Wabtec to have the refurbishment work carried out and the delays that were caused by Hitachi in the delivery of the new 385 trains, all of which have had a systematic impact on the process. However, notwithstanding that, it is important that we make sure that ScotRail has been held to account through the contract that it has with us for providing rail services. That is exactly what the remedial plan is about doing, and we will publish details of that in the coming days. Annabelle Ewing Thank you, Presiding Officer. The cabinet secretary will indeed be aware from my regular correspondence with him that my constituents—I have to say this quite frankly—are absolutely fed up with ScotRail's five-circle service. Has the cabinet secretary in fact received any up-to-date information from ScotRail, who is responsible for this mess, that would indicate that there is indeed any light at the end of the tunnel? I fully recognise the frustration that our constituents have over a consistent period of time of poor performance across the five-circle service. As I mentioned in my earlier response, that is one of the reasons why we triggered the issuing of remedial notice to ScotRail in order to develop a remedial plan, not to address the very issues that our constituents are experiencing. We are now at the very advanced stage of entering into that remedial agreement with ScotRail in order to make sure that it is effectively implemented and addresses the types of concerns that our constituents have, and we will announce more details of that in the coming days. Thank you very much, and that concludes general questions. Before we move on to First Minister's questions, I invite members to join me in welcoming to our gallery Talat Zafari MP, president of the Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia.


Hello people! It's me Ginny Metherill. I'm back from half-term, hence why you had so many shorts videos last week, however today's video is going to make up for it. I want to talk about cord cutting and show you how to do it because there are a couple of issues with this, so therefore we're going to look at how to cord cut properly. So what is cord cutting? Well it is a spell that you would use when you want to sever relations of the past. This can be friendships, lovers or situations. It can be any of these types of issues. For example, a situation that you might need to cord cut from is when you were younger and you suffered some trauma, say a terrible car crash, abuse, whatever that situation is, and you wish to remove those unhelpful memories from that situation in your present day. And so a great way to do this would be cord cutting. Likewise, if you have an ex-boyfriend and you just can't get over them, you can do a cord cutting ceremony for that. However, before I show you how to do the cord cutting ceremony, I just want to explain why you shouldn't do a cord cutting ceremony, which I can't find anyone doing on the internet actually. Maybe I'm just very bad at looking, but nobody appears to have got the bad sides of cord cutting. So let me, Ginny Metherill, tell you all about them. The first downside of cord cutting is to do with an ex-relationship. Say you want to remove an ex from your life. Be warned about this. It's dangerous to remove your past because your past makes you who you are today.  So what happened? I did forget him. However, it was only a temporary forgetfulness and this came back to bite me in the future because I hadn't overcome those actual feelings for him. And so when I met my now husband, I wasn't able to progress that relationship properly and we had a lot of issues. Most of them were due to me and my supposed thoughts over my ex because I hadn't got over him properly.  So doing the cord cutting ceremony actually stopped me moving forward with my life in a relatively simple manner and caused problems further down the line. Likewise, if you want to do a cord cutting ceremony against some form of trauma, make sure that you have got over that trauma first because you need to work through your issues with that trauma in order to move forward with your life sensibly. Otherwise, it will come back in some way or some form. You need to face your past in order to know who you are now and who you want to be in the future. And if you delete half that past from you, then going forward into the future can become more difficult. This is not, however, a hard and fast rule. For example, like the First World War when they were held in the trenches, which was possibly the worst kind of human torture I can imagine, causes the brain to go into overload.  So cord cutting from facing hell, which is what I believe that was, pure hell, would be a good idea. So it's a bit difficult, isn't it? Where you should and why you should cord cut. I would recommend doing a cord cut when you have overcome a relationship. You know, you don't care about that person or you don't care about that situation anymore, but it's nagging at you. Good idea then to do a cord cut. That is perfectly acceptable. My last piece of advice of how not to do a cord cutting ceremony is to ensure that you know exactly what you're cord cutting. For example, if you had a traumatic childhood and you wish to cut that trauma because you feel that you have faced it, overcome it and now would like to move on, you've got to be very, very specific about exactly what you're going to cut out.  And that will cause even more problems for you. So when you're doing a cord cutting, I really recommend writing down what situation or person or event you wish to cut ties from completely and be specific. It might not be the whole person. It might just be their bit of behaviour. For example, let's go back to that ghastly ex-boyfriend of mine who hung my moon, my stars and my sun. Now, when I was ready to do the cord cutting, what I was actually cord cutting was not him. I was cord cutting my emotional response to being chucked by him because that was very traumatic. And that is what I don't wish to remember. It was difficult. I don't want to go there. I don't care about that anymore.  The times that we had which were good were very, very good. The times that we had which were horrid were also me learning how to be in a relationship. It was one of my first relationships. I wasn't very good at them. You know, I'm much better nowadays. So beware about what you want to cut because it's got to be very specific. And that means your cord cutting ceremony will work to great effect. So how do you do it? Well, here you go. I always start by cleansing my working area using a jostic of my favourite scent. I like to use birthday cake candles because I'm extraordinarily impatient and they don't last very long, especially when you're cord cutting. The seashell doesn't really have any representation here, but I just like to use them because they're pretty. Traditional witchcraft always uses red as a sign of protection. And that is why I'm using red thread in this instance. As the candle burns through the thread, it will cut your ties from your past. Would you do a cord cutting ceremony? What do you think of my restrictions on it? Do you agree? I mean, sometimes I feel a bit like an unlicensed therapist doing witchcraft. And I don't want to be an unlicensed therapist because I'm not. But witchcraft is to help people get to their better self in order to move forward. Do you have any thoughts about this? I am not the goddess of all knowledge on cord cutting. These are my personal thoughts and experiences and I would love to hear yours. Leave me a comment down below. And earth magic and how to use each one and combine them. It was very, very wonderful. Otherwise, please don't forget to like and subscribe. And I will see you next week. And as you've made this far, why not check out these playlists I've put here just for you.