Hello everyone. Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening, depending on the time zone that you are attending the session from. So I would be spending the next, let's say 20-25 minutes to present about our journey on leveraging open source for the realization of network slides and service orchestration in the indigenous end-to-end 5G dashboard. Okay, so I would like to split this presentation into two parts. The first part where I would be explaining about the end-to-end 5G testbed, which is an indigenous testbed, which is like a country-wide testbed, which was, which is being developed in India. I'll go over the details of that, of the larger picture of the overall 5G testbed. And then the second part of my presentation will focus on the orchestration layer for the testbed, wherein we successfully made use of open source in realizing what the testbed actually wanted. So this is in a nutshell. So without further ado, I'll just go directly into the overview of the testbed. So this 5G testbed, right? So this is an indigenous 5G testbed, which is like a nationwide testbed that is in India. And it has been sponsored by the government of India. I mean, when I say sponsored, the sponsorship is for the academic and research institutions. The sponsorship is given and it is also consisting of, or there are also industry partners who are part of this testbed in terms of active contribution to the development of the testbed. And as well, I mean, providing the technology stacks or whatever, they do get different kinds of benefits or they stand to gain from it in different ways. So there are different models, but at the end of it all, it is a kind of a collaboration between academia, research forums, as well as industry. And this is a nationwide testbed and I would say it is one of the, I would say a few, let's say large scale nationwide testbeds across the world. And even in India, in the previous generations also, we have been having testbeds over like I said, right? This is a true kind of an end to end testbed for 5G. Now, why do we want to have this testbed in the first place? So one of the primary goals of this testbed is that from a country standpoint, we want to be at the forefront of the 5G development and deployment in the sense that we want to be involved actively in the development of technology and not just be a consumer of technology as far as 5G is concerned. So in terms of active contribution to IP creation, in terms of innovation, contribution to standards and so on. Now, how does it, I mean, or why is it kind of important to us as a nation, right? One of the things is some of you might already be knowing about the make in India initiatives where we are focusing on developing technology indigenously within the country. So this is one of the kind of, I would say the enablers for such initiatives. And the second reason or the important reason is for initiatives like for example, smart cities which the government of India is driving, right? So for all these kind of initiatives where we want a real kind of an environment to test some of the technological components as well as the solutions in a real-world kind of setting, right? Not in a lab or not like partly, but from an end-to-end service or end-to-end use case kind of setting if we want to do, I mean, a validation of the solution for this also this testbed is going to be quite useful. And in general, in building the 5G ecosystem, right? And when I say the ecosystem, maybe I'll elaborate a little more as we move forward in the country, right? So this testbed is going to be one of the key enablers. And how this is going to be realized, right? If you look at it, so one of the things is we would be scaling and evolving some of the testbeds that are already existing. So I mean, for example, in 4G also, there have been some efforts to build testbeds. However, from an end-to-end point of view, it may not be still there and it definitely requires some scaling as well as enhancements and evolution. The second aspect is to come together, right? Whether it is academia or research for our right, maybe not one institution might be able to deliver or to realize or be able to realize all the components. So to be able to collaborate and build the modules, right? Grounds up which are missing or which are needed for the end-to-end testbed. And then the third is of course the industry partnerships where, I mean, active participation is sought from industry partners in terms of building this testbed. So if I have to say some, a few key points, right? About this overall testbed, one is the openness. So this is an open testbed. You should note that I'm not talking, I mean, I'm not saying it is open source. It is open in the sense that anybody can bring in their components, whether it is IP or solution or in the case of like orchestration, we are bringing like an open source based approach. So anybody can bring in their components, you make use of the testbed, contribute to the development of the testbed. Of course, the benefits and the what is in it for each of these stakeholders, right? Will be different, I mean, will be different depending on their contribution and depending on their role. So the openness is one important thing. Then the second thing is it kind of nurtures and builds the ecosystem with respect to 5G in the nation. And the third key aspect of this overall testbed is it's that it is indigenous. So when I say it is indigenous, it means that it is either built grounds up from within the country. I mean, whether it is academia or research or industry partners or we make use of open source. So typically we don't have, I mean, I would say not, I mean, commercial components as part of the, let's say the fundamental testbed, right? Anybody, any vendor or any supplier or any product company can bring in their solution and validate their products or their IP or their solutions. But the testbed itself, right, the end to end testbed itself, it's kind of indigenously built. So this is the essential thing that I wanted to highlight. Now, probably if you look at from overall the participants who are contributing to this testbed, right? If you see, so you can see that the academic and the research partners are pretty much spread across the geography of the country. And they are the premier institutes that you can find within India. They are all actively involved in the development of the testbed components. And they do this activity in collaboration with the industry partners. So the industry partners will touch upon a little while, but with respect to the reach and the accessibility, right? So because the various, I mean, the partners involved in the development of the testbed are geographically spread apart. The intention is that the testbed should be available as well as accessible to anyone within the country. So what this means is we will have multiple instances of the testbed running in different locations. But there may be some, okay, some variations, maybe certain specific components could be hosted only in certain locations. And the intention is also that people should be able to access it from anywhere they want, at least from within the country. Okay, obviously subject to the, I mean, the model in which they are allowed to access it. So if we look at the industry partners, you can see that there are quite a number of industry partners who are collaborating in terms of the actual development to the testbed, as well as they provide the required technology for stacks of the components. So I think this kind of illustrates that we do have active participants to the development of the testbed. Now, if you look at what this is being used for, right, what this testbed is used for, I mean, like I just touched upon briefly earlier that we want to develop the 5G ecosystem and we want to be at the forefront of technology development. But if you want to look at it a little bit more and be a little bit more specific, right? So these are some of the usages of the testbed that we foresee. So one is the use of IPs. So first of all, as part of the development of the testbed or creation of the testbed, there will be a lot of IPs that will be generated. This is not just about that. It is also about people can bring their own IPs and maybe they can do an interoperability testing as well to validate their IPs. Also they can also give their own IPs to the testbed. Obviously they will retain the IP rights in full because like I said, this is not an open source testbed, but this is an open testbed. So that way it kind of promotes development of IP as well as the use of IP. The second is R&D and product development wherein the testbed can be used as a real world kind of testing ground or a playground for experimentation, validating for the functional as well as the non-functional test interoperability, you name it, right? So this is going to be a key enabler and this is very, very significant if you look at who can stand to benefit from it, right? It's not just the big players, but for example, take the case of a startup. They may not be able to afford first of all to have a full-fledged end-to-end 5G testbed number one. Number two is even if they can afford it, it might take considerable effort and lead time and expertise to build a world-class testbed, right? So from that angle also it's going to be useful and the same applies to any academic or research institution also. While they may have their components specific or their, I mean, the interacting component kind of a testbed, a true end-to-end 5G testbed might not be that easy to realize. And the third is to be able to develop services and applications, right? So application development is going to be one of the, let's say we do not know whether it's going to be the killer thing for 5G, but it's definitely going to be one of the key things that we see with respect to 5G, especially because it is going to address a lot of industry vertical requirements in a custom made way, right? With the help of network slicing also. So in that sense application development, right? Whether it is edge applications or I mean like user applications, whatever it is, right? Whatever kind of applications this testbed can be really going to help them also to kind of test their interoperability as well as the performance and other aspects. The last point is about the skill building which is very, very essential from a country standpoint because we want to develop the 5G ecosystem and we want to generate a lot of skilled R&D workforce within the country. Just to give you an example, right? That this is a real thing and it's not just on paper. As of now, right? In this testbed about 400 to 500 engineers are actively, I mean, people are actively contributing in some way or the other directly to the testbed. And I mean, I would expect some many more also to be involved indirectly or I mean not, I mean, in some form or other indirectly as well. So this is a real thing and we want to take it very seriously from a country standpoint. So there are different ways in which we can use the testbed. I will not go into the details. But one of the things is that we could have, we could have like an application developer plug in their apps into the testbed and do the testing. The second thing could be that, for example, a product company, right? A small startup who just want to develop the L2 stack protocol stack, right? For the Genome B, they can just bring it in and plug it into the testbed and then do their validation and interoperability testing. Same way, somebody wants to develop a UPF, right? Then they can just plug it in a testing and validation of their solution. In the same way, right? For example, if some researcher, they want to check or they want to test their algorithms, obviously they will be testing their algorithms. But from an end-to-end standpoint, right, how their algorithms can affect the end-to-end, for example, call flow or the session. That they may not be able to find the layer for the finding. What we have realized of the orchestration layer was raised as a partnership again. See with concern, right? We considered a few choices in terms of how we want to build the orchestration layer. So one is the from scratch development that is build it grounds up. Second is the open source based approach, which is use the own app, right? The open network automation platform as the base and then make the necessary customizations and enhancements. This is the second approach. The third is a hybrid open source approach wherein we get some domain orchestrators or domain controllers like OpenDelight or open source Mano and then implement the end-to-end orchestration functionality, whatever is required. The fourth one we did consider, but we didn't actually take it seriously because as I said, right? We wanted to be an indigenous testbed, so we didn't really consider the use of third-party commercial products, at least as part of the core testbed. Of course, any third-party orchestrator company could plug in their orchestration solution and validate it. That's perfectly fine, but as part of the testbed, we didn't prefer this option at all. Then we kind of did a, I mean, a benefit versus challenges analysis. I'll not read from this slide. The bottom line is that, yes, apart from the open source related assets. So considering all that, what we did was necessary for our testbed. And some of the reasons are like, because it provides open and standard interfaces towards the network functions for the configuration, fault and performance management. And the other advantage that we saw in ONAP was it provides the orchestration for all the three domains, that is the RAM, core and transport, because we are really talking about an end-to-end 5G testbed. So orchestration across domains is quite important. Then the other aspects, I think we all know, it's microservices-based and then we can interoperate with third-party controllers. And the support for 5G use cases, which is quite active in the community. Of course, one of the challenges in ONAP was the hardware requirements, but this is a challenge that we had to overcome anyhow. Okay, so the next slide tries to give a little bit of an overview of which components we have started customizing or enhancing. I'll not get into the details here, but this just gives you a flavor of some of the components that we have started customizing and making suitable enhancements for our use cases. Now let me spend a couple of minutes on the use cases that we have been working on. So far, so one of the first use cases that we picked up was the having the 5G, basic 5G use case which involves the RAM and the core and using ONAP as the end-to-end orchestrator. Then having an end-to-end service with the RAM and the core and then sending some video traffic. So this was one of the first use cases because we believed that this would kind of set this stage for many more use cases. Okay, so this was the starting and then we successfully realized this use case last year and demonstrated it at the Indian Mobile Congress last October. So maybe I will just zoom in a little bit on what this use case was about. So this use case, it is about setting up the RAM and core service and having like an end-to-end traffic flowing from the UE towards the maybe like a video server. Okay, so the one of the first templates and onboard the service after which we instantiate the service and then once the service is instantiated we will be spinning up the core network functions that are part of the service definition of the service template and then we will also wait for the PNF. So as far as the RAM is concerned, we modeled it as a physical network function for the sake of simplicity to start with and then we wait for the physical network function to register itself with ONAP and once the registration process is completed we then push the remaining part of the configuration and once the configuration is completed then we start the traffic so that we can see the flow of traffic across the network functions that has been instantiated by ONAP. So without going into too much of in-depth details this slide kind of gives you a high-level view of this step and the core BNF related artifacts, physical network function we do the design and the onboarding then we instantiate the service and because this was also something that was in progress at the time we started with this ONAP journey so what we did was in order to demonstrate the end-to-end flow we used a RAM emulator which then was able to establish a connection with the real AMF and then subsequently we had the steps of the UA getting registered and then the traffic flowing. As part of the roadmap we will also be replacing this RAM emulator with the real RAM or the real 5GNR. So this we will see in the following slides. So the next step that we embarked upon or which is like work in progress right now is the simple closed-loop control using ONAP. Obviously not everything is available readily in ONAP. We had to make or VR in the process of making some enhancements here in order to realize it. Of course the basic closed-loop functionality is there but for the way that we want be in this agit right for our use case not all the functionality is present. So this requires some enhancements in the DCIE and some enhancements in the SO and CVS as well as the inventory as well. So again I will not go into the details of the ONAP components and the steps. So this flow chart gives you the high-level flow assuming that 5G services already active with 5GNR and 5G core network functions. And if I have to just summarize it at a high level right whatever steps are involved. So the first few steps are somewhat of a reuse of the phase one use case work where we will have to make some minor enhancements and then it will be up and running. That is the design of the 5G service and then instantiating the 5G service and performing the initial configuration. The key part for this phase is when we talk about closed-loop control one of the key things in closed-loop control is to have performance management data right that should flow continuously from the network functions and then based on the performance data that is reported by the network functions you analyze them and then you take suitable preventive or collective actions. Now in this case what we assumed was maybe I can just go on to the next slide what we assumed was we assumed that the network functions already know which performance management data to report. Later on we will also support the creation of the measurement jobs right like what is defined in 3GPP and similarly with respect to the actual PM data we try to keep it quite simple so that we are able to show the end to end flows and then we will add many more additional PM data that we will look at for analysis. So the idea is to demonstrate a full-fledged closed-loop for a 5G service that was the whole intention this is a work in progress. Yes maybe spending a minute or two on the lessons that we have learned so far right at least specifically focusing on the orchestration part so what we saw was this open source based approach right it enabled the industry partners right so we could work in close collaboration and we could have like a clear workspace so depending on their areas of expertise maybe one partner was very I mean kind of hands-on and skilled in deploying on app but another partner had the skills to develop some of the I mean implement some of the enhancements another partner had a good experience in integrating on apps with the network functions so that way we could clearly define the workspace and we could work in close collaboration across multiple industry partners which typically could be quite challenging right from an operational standpoint and it also enabled us to kind of explore as well as innovate and apart from that there was a good amount of learning for each of the partners involved and this open source based approach kind of simplified our needs and it also fulfills the testbeds current and the future needs with respect to the what is needed from a testbed standpoint right in terms of the functionality but what we also realized right during this whole journey we also needed not only a full-fledged orchestrator like on app but we also want a simple interface if we want to just monitor or use the testbed right not focusing on anything about orchestration or anything but just I want to see the health of the testbed or I want to maybe restart a VM or restart a VMF or whatever right without looking about the integrates of the end-to-end orchestration so for that we may need a simple interface we can call it like a simple network management function or an element management function whatever it might be or a simple management layer but this is something that we have started developing and we will be working further to realize it and the same way we will also need a mediation layer for the network functions to report the PMFM data so that we can keep the network functions that testbed agnostic to the orchestration layer because tomorrow if we want to bring in another orchestrator right we don't want to impact the network functions in terms of CMPM and FM interfaces so this is also something that we have started upon and I will not spend too much time for the roadmap so these are just this is just to give you a flavor of what we want to report now so the next step currently we have the close look only with the core of IG core we want to also extend it to the RAM and later on to the transport also and then also we also want to start with the network slicing related functionality because network slicing in own app open source that is just taking off in the Frankfurt and Quilin release that we are also actively involved so we want to leverage that as well and then we go into the advanced scenarios ok maybe I will just spend a few seconds before concluding and then leaving some time for Q&A so what we have done as part of this orchestration journey right so we have successfully used own app open source as the base and then made suitable enhancements or customizations in order to fulfill the indigenous testbed requirements ok and what we also anticipate right once the network I mean since now we have a very good base that is established we expect a lot of innovation to happen in the orchestration playing itself because network automation is a subject that is very active in the industry today in including AIML or even without it so we expect a lot of innovations to happen and we hope that the testbed will be like an enabler for such innovations to happen and so far whatever we have seen right the journey has been like a mutually beneficial one so we have been able to deliver some outcome to the testbed at the same time all the industry and the research partners who are involved in the development of the orchestration play we have been able to get something from it so in that sense it was mutually beneficial and I hope this is kind of I would not say a lesson or a case study but it can be looked up as an example of successful academia research and industry collaboration leveraging of open source in order to I mean realize a higher objective and deliver some tangible outcome thank you all thank you very much for your patience in listening and I would be very happy to take any questions that you may have thank you very much once again


Tired of the everyday routine? Have a dream of a life of romantic adventure? Want to get away from it all? We offer you... Escape! Escape! Designed to free you from the four walls of today for a half hour of high adventure. Tonight, we escape to the English Channel in wartime and to a harrowing night crossing those grey cold waters in a small boat with a threat of instant death in command as David Devine tells it in his exciting story, Flood on the Good Winds. Is that one? Where? After Starboard. No, no, it's a mattress. Blasted fog. Couldn't see the living, let alone the dead. I don't think we'll be finding any more. Not the way the fog has set them down now. Where do you figure the patrol boat is? No, she ought to be about a couple of hundred yards to port. Take it easy now, Uncle. Don't want a rammer. Don't you worry about me, Dundas. Just you start singing out. Patrol boat! They seem to be dead ahead, Mac. Better cut it back. I see her. They'll come about her. We're coming around just in. Get any more? Yes, three. Watch out for those dinghies. I see them. They're around there. Three more coming aboard. Any alive? No, all three. Round. Come on, Mac. Let's get them up there. Don't you bother, Dundas. Hey there! You send down a couple of men. Sure. My mate here, he's only got one flipper. Oh, now look, Mac, that doesn't make any difference. What's the matter? You ashamed of it? Oh, no, but... Hey, forward there, men. Forward, Roy. I can swing my load like any man. Be sure I get my top back. Don't let it get you, boy. There's lots of amputees working these days. Amputee. Look, most of you use that expression. Amputee is what you call a one-armed man. Amputee. What's wrong with it? Better than what you call those things. They're hoisting there. Amputee.  Bloaters. You call them. Man's been floating around dead in the water. He gets bloated, see? Bloaters. Very pretty. You know what you call a gabby old goat like you? Never mind. Never mind. That's the bunch. How many have been brought into you so far? Counting your three, that makes 30. 30? You don't say. Lucky we got this fog. Without it, we'd be sitting ducks for any stookers or messersmiths that might be about. Or U-boats. Or U-boats. That's right. Was it a U-boat sent you down? No. A man they brought in an hour ago. He said it was a time bomb. Sabotage. Yes. Went off in the ford hole. Boom, bubble, bubble, bubble. Boom, bubble, bubble. Yeah, that dundas. I heard. My nephew lost his flipper in the RAF. Taking it real hard. No, you shouldn't take it. No, who says I shouldn't? Don't get sore, Eddie. I'm just trying to cheer you down, Chanel.  Sure, Eddie, sure. Casting off. Going back to Dover? Might as well. Fog's in for the night. We'll just make it by a dock. Hold up. Cheerio. Cheerio.  Lay off me, man. You didn't mean any harm, huh?  All right, all right. Thirty of them. Ah, so that's what's eating you. Oh, saboteurs. Can you imagine doing a thing like that? Can you see a man doing it? Well, it's war, you know. War. Fighting is war. They didn't all drown. No, only 29 of them. Didn't they say one was alive? Yes. It must be awful to drown. It's an awful way to die. Wonder if it'll clear tomorrow. Off, up ahead. Yes. Good navigating, Dundas. I want to be right ahead of us. Mary? Doctor? We're coming in, dear. Stay ahead, Mac. All right. There. I'll jump it. Hello, you two. Hello, Mary. Hello. How was it, Uncle Mac? Terrible, dear. Yes. Terrible. Where are they, Manny? Safety. Oh, dear. That's it. Mac, how's the fuel? Ample. We didn't use a quarter of it. Are you going to fish tonight? That's Mac. It's his boat. Fishing tonight, Uncle Mac? In this fog? I should say not. Dundas can navigate for you in the water. Let's say it's as calm as a bathtub. Well, I don't know. I brought you food in case you're going out again. I don't know. I think that husband of yours needs some sleep. Are you going to start again? What's wrong? All day long he's complaining like an old woman. Just because he's had the bad luck to lose his fin. Bill Flipper. Why can't you say ah? See? See what I mean?  What ought I do? Help him feel sorry for himself. I'll cut it both ways. There was a man to see you, Uncle Mac. Who? We didn't say. He said he'd drop back. What did he look like? Very tall. Distinguished looking. Who's that, Mac? Got me. Tall, you say. And carrying a little briefcase. Come for the payments on the boat, Mac. No. Would this be him? Oh, yes. You're back. Last in time to catch them. Good. Very good. You were looking for me? Yes. He was your captain, Mac. That's right. And who is this? Mr. Dundas, my nephew. The husband of this lady. Look, Mr. Who are you and what do you want? It's very simple. I must forgive my questioning. And one is engaged in my work. One can't be too careful.  Intelligence. Who? What's that got to do with us? I want to charter your boat for a trip. Oh, government might work here. Yes. A secret mission. Well, where is it you want to go? To Waston tonight. Belgium. That's a fair hall. And there's your boat. The fog will cover you. What did you pay? The crown provides handsomely in these cases. 100 pounds. You're on. Wait a minute, Mac. Huh? Mind showing us your credentials, mister? I shouldn't mind at all, fellow. The fact is I'm not carrying any. You're not, huh? This isn't what you'd call a casual visit, you know. Oh, use your head, Dundas. He's going where the Nazis are. No credentials. And would you mind explaining why you're sniffing around a little fishing boat like this when you could cross among those big, fast torpedo boats they got up at the yard? I find this man insufferable, Captain.  Time's growing short. Why don't you take the torpedo boat? Well, the sweeper, they got sweepers there, too, you know. As a matter of fact, and you should be able to understand, those are government boats. Might be seen by one of the enemy shore stations.  And you are a very astute fellow. Into the boats, all of you. Gun? Yes, my ticket to our stamp. Put that thing down. Look, Art Mac is serious. Indeed, I am. Now in. Done. Do what he says, man. Start your motor. Make me. Shall I? Start it, Mac. This is crazy. Yo, untie the ropes. Jumis, sit up there. You don't stand a chance. We shall see.  Front? You don't know much about boats, do you? No, and I shan't pretend to. Uh-huh. Listen, mister. The harbor entrance is closed up. They got the submarine nets in there. I happen to know they're open until eight. I'd better warn you. No tricks. I'm very good with a gun. You are, eh? Dundee. He says he's very good.  Let's go.  That's right. You talk like an Englishman. Oh, really? Ah, Nazi. What are you, a spy? You could say that. What are you going back to the continent for? The war's not over. What time do you think we'll hit the Belgian coast? Around two. You didn't answer my question. What was that? Why are you leaving England? Scared? If you like. As a matter of fact, I'm returning because I have completed my mission. And what was that? A matter of a bomb. Sabotage? Nuts, really? That ship. The one that went down off the coast. Was that your work? Yes. I planted the bomb in the hole this morning before she staled from Dover. Shitting filthy bloody... Hold it, Mac. Hold it. Don't let him curse. I find him an amusing old guffa. 30 men drowned because of you. 30? Dear me. There were 45 boards, you know. It was 29, Mac. 29? 30? What does that matter? This big skinny Nazi that's sneaking the dark with his mission completed? Well, as a matter of fact, we were only joking, mister. Nobody was drowned. What are you talking about? 29? Your sense of security is a little delayed. One arm? Don't you call me one arm. Oh, sorry. What? What's the time, Tundas? What are all? ought to be passing Goodwin Sands. Hmm. Tide will be over them, though. What time do they expose this time of year? No tides at one. That means we get the fast ride back anyhow. If he lets us come back. Lousy Nazi.  You have a my word. Oh, don't take on, dear. Let her come back here with us. See how tough he is? Shoots? Women? If necessary. I'd like to see you get that close to me. Would you? Yes. Look, Nazi. I'm walking toward you. Matt, don't. You're asking for it, you know?  Don't take another step, Captain. Look, Mary!  Eh, eh, eh. He can't hear you, girl. Don't slow down, one arm. I want to get him. He's dead. He's very dead. He was a good man. He was burial. And burial he's got. Now push your throttle back up. No. Your wife is next. One arm. Dundas! That's better. And now, we continue our little voyage. In just a moment we will return to escape. But first, a show that brings laughter to millions week after week. That's something to be proud of. A show that wins a top award in critical competition. That's something to be proud of, too. And when a show comes along that does both, CBS proudly passes it along to you. You hear it exclusively now on most of these same CBS stations.  And there's the Bing Crosby show, Burns & Allen, Lum & Avner. There's the unbeatable lineup CBS has for you every Wednesday night. This fall, you hear them all on CBS. And now back to... Escape! And the second act of... Blood on the Good Winds. How much longer, Dundas? About an hour. I noticed you changed course from time to time. Why is that? The channel current. You ride with it, you make better time. I see. And you'd like to be rid of my company as quickly as possible. That's right. I'm glad you're being reasonable.  You think so, eh? Of course, and so do you. Why do you say that? You've seen the war. You know how it is. That's right. I know how it is. Dundas, don't talk like that. Why? What's wrong, Mary? Don't talk with him. He killed Uncle Mac. Not right to talk to him. Well, we find each other very interesting, Mary. Don't we? Oh, yes, indeed. Tell me, how did you lose your arm? R.A.F. I was a navigator. It's a very good one, I imagine. Yes. Did it, uh, happen over England? No, Bremen. Bremen? I see. You chaps did a very thorough job at Bremen. Yes. You ought to be complimented. Thank you. Dundas! Relax, Mary, relax. Oh, oh, Dundas. You must understand, Mary. What?  You must understand it's a very extraordinary thing for the soldiers of warring nations to get together for a chat like this. Take a nap, Mary. Take a nap? Yes, why don't you? Here, you can pull this tarpolin over. No, not that. What? It's got blood on it, that tarpolin. Blood? But really, the old man was over there, and she... Not from him. Huh? We spent the day picking up after you. I see. And you used the tarpolin for the body. Yes. Well, then, Mary, of course we mustn't use that. Please, please, may I go back to where my husband is? No, you may not. Why? I'll tell you why you may not.  I should like to avoid the possibility of your rushing me. You see how it is, Mary? I'm sure she understands. Just be very quiet, Mary. Everything will be all right. Of course, a lot depends on you, Dennis. Why do you say that? Don't you know what I'm talking about? Why, no. That wrench you picked up about 15 minutes ago. It's right behind you on the ledge. Thwart? Thwart, then. It's right behind you on the thwart. Do you mind dropping it overboard like a good fellow? Well, that'd be a foolish waste. Wartime, you know. Wrenches are hard to come by. Yes, I'm sure. Then why not slide it over here? Huh? Slide it.  Here. Thank you, Dennis. Now then, where were we? Soldiers from Warring Nation. Oh, yes. Remarkable meeting. Gives us a chance to refresh ourselves on what it is we're fighting about. Dennis is fighting men who sabotage ships. Was, you mean, don't you? Was. Was. Now I fight nothing. Sayon, for you. Unfortunately, I am still able. So, Miss, carry on. Well, I find it a little difficult to... Oh, excuse me. What's wrong? Navigation. I have to check my course. Oh, by all means. What course are you steering? Why don't you come and look? No, I don't think I'd better. Why not? You might have another wrench there. But perhaps you'll try to take my gun. Which case I'd have to shoot?  Then where would I be? I might steer all the way back to Dover without knowing it. That's so.  You see how it is. How do you know I'm not tricking you? Oh, I'm sure you're not.  Then, if you should continue to be stubborn, there are ways of forcing you. You mean torture? Ordinaryly, it's very difficult to do alone. But in your case, one armed, it should be comparatively simple. Well, let's not waste words on all that. I'm taking you where you want to go. And I'm counting on you to keep your word to allow a safe departure. Well, of course. I don't believe in Dundas. But why? Why not? Because you're what you are. And because Dundas might know something your people want to find out. Dundas, don't you see that they'll torture you? He's lying, Dundas. Please, Mary. Please, don't worry. You have my word, my sacred words, on my honor. As a gentleman. You see, Mary, we have nothing to worry about. Yes, it must be wonderful to be out of the fighting. Not bad. I'll be glad when it's over. Think it'll be over soon? Quite. You've heard of our buzzbombs. Yes. That's only the beginning. We're developing weapons a thousand times as terrible. Oh, 10,000 times as effective. Really? Tell me about them. They... Your wife seems to have gone to sleep. Where? I can't see very well in this dark. Against my knee. Good. About your new weapons. You are saying 10,000 times as terrible. Yes, there are rockets, the like of which the English have not dreamed. Rockets that can travel 100 miles, 300.  Radio control. Speed about 30,000 miles an hour. Altitude, 60 miles. And what they will carry, I... I leave to your imagination. Well, I leave it to my imagination. What? You wouldn't tell me all this. A highly secret business that would be your intention to allow us a safe departure, now would you? I'm sure your agents know this by now. I don't know. But something tells me you've come to a decision about us. How much longer until we hit shore? Not long now. I'm bringing her into a deserted beach a few miles outside of Austin. I see. If you look ahead, you may see the shoreline soon. Straight ahead? Yes. It's impossible, this fog is too much to... I've got it, Dundas! Give me that, got you! Here, Dundas. Stand back, fellow. That's it. Now raise them good and high. Oh, Dundas, I thought he'd never drop his wrist. I waited and waited. Here, Mary, take the wheel. Hold that course. Yes, Dundas. Well, well. It's a remarkable woman, your wife. Yes, indeed. Unfortunately, there's no cartridge in the chamber. Well, it's pointed at your gut. Why don't I pull the trigger and see if you're telling the truth? Perhaps you'd better not. I don't see why not, if it's empty. No. No, it's loaded. Huh? You, uh... I wonder...  I don't know, I've never done it. It's very difficult, you know. Just think of me as a fellow human being, flesh and blood like yourself. Think of the infinite genius that went into making this body of mine. Skin, muscles, arteries, veins, organs, vessels in the blood. The blood.  I know. I don't feel as though I could kill you right at this minute. But suppose I try. All I have to do is squeeze the trigger ever so little. Wait. No, don't. Don't. My... My life is worth a lot to me. More, I believe it or not, than my pride. My honor, my love of Germany. Oh, much, much more than that. All right, have you a proposition? Dundas! There's still, Mary. I know what I'm doing. Yes, you keep out of this. What's your proposition? Money. You're going to need money, aren't you? A one-armed has a tough time of it and peacetime jobs are hard to get. Go on. I have several accounts in London Banks. Big accounts I can write you a check. You can cash it tomorrow. How much? A thousand pounds. I can't hear you. Dundas, don't do this. Two thousand. Three. Five then, and that's all the money I have in the world. What about on you? Yes, yes, yes. In the briefcase, a hundred and fifty pounds. Don't move. But the briefcase... I'll take care of that after you leave. Write the check for five thousand pounds. Oh, Dundas, please. Please don't do it. Her wife doesn't... doesn't understand these things. No. This is the way of the world, dear. Dundas! And for this, I'll let you off at the beach. Of course. I want to warn you against mentioning my name. But, of course... Here. Here's your check. Thank you. Aren't... aren't you going to shoot me now? No. Bargain's a bargain. I'll follow through. Well, you... you are a... an honest man. Deals are deals. Yes, yes, that's right. I'd better take the wheel. Shall... shall I take the gun, Dundas? No. Please, Dundas, please let me hold you. No, Mary. Well, why in the name of heaven can't I? You can't steer and cover him at the same time, not with one hand. If you take the gun, you'll shoot him, Mary. I know you will. No, no, I would... Yes, you would. And that'd be dishonest, Mary. We've made a deal, this man and I. Yes, yes, an honorable deal. But how to steer and all that does pose a problem. Mary, bring me that big wrench. All right, Dundas. What... what are you going to do? Since I can't handle the wheel and the gun and since Mary's not to be trusted, I'll keep the wrench for just in case and solve the gun problem very simply. Dundas, you fool! And you, sir, you'll find a fishing line with lead on the end of it right up there in the front locker. What? Go to slow down now. We're almost there. You'll do the sounding for me. Yes. Yes, of course. You deliberately threw that gun overboard just selling out. Five thousand pounds, dear. As the Yanks put it, that ain't hay. I have the line. All right, throw it ahead of you. Then feel when it touches bottom. Then measure the depth by your spread arms. Here it goes.  You'll regret it. You'll regret it all the rest of your days. Hit bottom. How deep? Two, five. Five, that's all. All right, we're closing in on the coast. Swing again. Right. We'll hear the surf in a minute now. It'll not be very strong. It's low tide, you know. Two, half. All right, get ready to jump. Jump? Well, this boat hasn't got wheels. You'll have to walk the last ten feet in. All right. Get ready. Here we are. The minute you feel us great bottom, jump out and push the bow around. Right. Dundas. Dundas. Shh. Here I go. Good night. Good night. Sucker. Why, sucker? That check. The bank is short of funds to the name I sign. Oh, really? Found the beach? Yes. I'm on it. Take a few steps. Why? You'll see. It stops. There's water beyond. The bank is short of funds. That beach is short of sand. Where am I? You're on Goodwin's Sands. Dover's just six miles that way. Which way? I didn't say. And if you're thinking of swimming, I can tell you you don't stand a chance. You think you won on murder? It's low tide now, but wait a while. In a few hours, it'll be ten feet over your head. Drowning's not pleasant, Nazi.  You could hang yourself with your belt, but there are no trees. So think about those men you drowned today. Think about them while you wait. I may be around to pick up your body soon. Maybe. Good night. Low tide. Escape is produced and directed by William N. Robeson. Tonight we have presented Flood on the Goodwins by David Devine, adapted for radio by James Poe. Featured in the cast were Jack Edwards as Dundas, Will Geer as Uncle Mac, and Barton Yarborough as the Nazi. Also heard were Betty Lou Gerson and Eric Snowden. Special music was arranged and conducted by Del Castillo. Next week. You are high in the mountains of Peru, digging frantically for a vast fortune in golden Inco relics. Upon your success hangs the fate of a beautiful woman and your own life. Next week we escape with a thrilling tale of one of the most murderous treasure hunts ever made. As David Dodge tells it in his exciting story, Plunder of the Sun. Goodbye then, until this same time next week, when once again we offer you Escape. A fellow named Bob Hope will turn up on the Bing Crosby show this Wednesday night, so don't say we didn't alert you for the show of the week. This verbal tennis match between Bing and Bob will be broadcast on most of these same CBS stations, along with the Groucho Mark show, Burns and Allen and Lemon Abner, all Wednesday night CBS features. Tune in, tune in this fall for the shows that you love best of all. Listen carefully. Here's the address. It's CBS, CBS. Stay tuned now for Life with Luigi, which follows immediately over most of these same CBS stations. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Hello! In this presentation, we will take a look at some multiple choice questions. First question. The time period assumption assumes that a business reporting can be divided into reporting time periods, including the following except. We have A, days, B, fiscal years, C, quarters, D, calendar years, E, months. If we think about the time period assumption, we're thinking that we are breaking up our data into consistent chunks, the data being something that's going to be continuous, really, the accounting process being continuous, but we typically break that up, and that's going to be the assumption that we make. When we break them up, we will usually think that we're going to break that time period up into years, sounds relevant, quarters, that sounds something that we often do. Calendar years, that's generally done, and months, often done. Days, although possible, is probably the least effective here. So you might look at this data and say, hey, I could make a report for a day or something like that or a few days, but it's not the norm that we would have. So if we're looking at all these answers, we'd probably want to eliminate everything from B to E and make the conclusion that A looks like the proper choice. Next question, the 12 month period that ends when a company's sales activity are at their lowest level is A, natural year, B, calendar year, C, fiscal year, D, accounting period, and E, interim assumption. So if we think about this, we're looking for that 12 month time period that ends when the company's sales activities are at their lowest. So we're usually the 12 months, we're going to think that that looks like some type of year. So if we think about that, we might be able to eliminate, say, interim assumption doesn't look like it probably applies. This is the approach we'd probably go through to see what's going on here. Accounting period, if I was going to look at these, would probably be something that I would say, hmm, doesn't look like it's something that might apply here. We have the fiscal year, the calendar year, and the natural year. It looks like it's between these three to me. So I would probably eliminate those last two. The calendar year, obviously, is a 12 month period, but it would be defined as the calendar year. And the fiscal year is going to be something other possible could be the same or something other than the calendar. But between A and C, A looks like the best choice here, because the natural year is the timeframe where it ends at the lowest level. So that would be something like if we think about a retailer or something like that, we know that they have certain points of time in their business cycle, which are heavier than others, and they may want to align their business so that they have a natural year that ends at the lowest level. And that might they might make that also their fiscal year, but they make it their fiscal year because it was a natural year. Next question, the length of time covered by a set of periodic financial statements is called a fiscal cycle, be natural business year, see operating cycle, D business cycle, E accounting period. So once again, we're looking for the length of time covered by a set of periodic financial statements. So if we go through this, we could think through this, we're going to say the fiscal year. It doesn't really stay a year here. So we're going to say, I'm going to say it's probably maybe it's not specifically a year, say that doesn't look like the one natural business year. Again, it says a length of time. So the fact that it's not naming a year is making me think, well, maybe this year, when we're saying a year, maybe that's not the one operating cycle, a business cycle, and an accounting period. So those are the three that we have left. Once again, the question, the length of time covered by a set of periodic financial statements is called. Well, the operating period is typically going to be the account length of time covered. The operating cycle will give us basically our cycle of operations. And the business cycle is going to is going to describe, you know, our business rotations. But the best answer here would be E accounting period as the length of time covered by a set of periodic financial statements.


Welcome to this special report on the annual meeting of the Association of the United States Army, or AUSA. This year, the meeting is held October 12th through the 14th at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C. The theme of this year's meeting is Win in a Complex World, which is also the name of the Army's operating concept. Secretary of the Army John McHugh will be there, and he describes AUSA as a key strategic communication and outreach platform for the Army. John that serves the professional development of the entire Army to include civilians and family members. There must be within our Army a sense of purpose and a dedication to that purpose. There must be a willingness to march a little farther, to carry a heavier load, to step out into the darkness and the unknown for the safety and the well-being of others. Today's Army has nobly lived up to that epitaph. Chief of Staff of the Army General Mark Milley will also provide us his insight on the challenges that face today's soldier. The world has lots of hotspots all over the place. The United States is a global power, and if the civilian leadership of the United States decides to engage and use land power, then they are going to call on the United States Army, and the United States Army must maintain capabilities that are across an entire range of military operations, and we have to keep ourselves at a very high state of readiness. The exhibit floor at AUSA is the premier showcase of the biggest, baddest, most jaw-dropping systems being developed for the Army, and will be there to show you one of the Army's newest vehicles, the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle or JLTV. The JLTV provides similar protection to one of the mine-resistant Ambush Protected or MRAP vehicles. The JLTV will soon be replacing our Humvees. But there's much more to see on the exhibit floor, as there's close to 300,000 square feet of display space, and over 26,000 people attend this meeting each year. AUSA is also the largest land power exposition and professional development forum in North America. This event consists of informative presentations and panel discussions on significant military and national security subjects. But don't just take my word for it. Major of the Army, Daniel Daley, says AUSA gives the Army many opportunities. You know, we have to tell the Army story. And the Association of United States Army helps us do that. And during this annual convention, it's our opportunity to showcase what we do with regards to leader development, our current initiatives, one of my big personal ones that's going to be launched there is the Not My Squad initiative that's really going to get at. It's the grassroots approach to correcting the indiscipline that we have and putting responsibility and accountability where it needs to be down at the junior non-commissioned officer level. But it's also an opportunity for the public to engage. So when we have these panels, they can ask questions, those hard questions that they want to know and see what's going on. And we have our great professionals, a balanced team between our military people and our great civilians on this team that will be able to answer those questions in a bunch of forums to include our families. So we involve our families as well. We have family forums throughout the week that allows our families to engage and be engaged by the public as well. It's a great opportunity to really exactly what I described is tell the Army story. Sergeant Major Daly holds his own forum to discuss issues affecting you, the soldier. You know, we're going to have the non-commissioned officer professional forum led by myself and the great non-commissioned officers from Cape, our Center for the Army Professional Ethics that are going to present the NIMS workshop at the Association meeting this year. And we'll have the first time ever a non-commissioned officer, senior non-commissioned officer panel that's going to be an open forum in one of our large areas so people can come in and they're going to talk about the future of the Army from the non-commissioned officer perspective. There are numerous events that occurred during the meeting to include the AUSA Military Family forums. We'll be there at that forum as Sergeant Bledjoy Paganchiff and his wife and their children, Kelby, Kaylee and Andan will be recognized as the U.S. Army Volunteer Family of the Year. Other forums include the Warrant Officer Professional Development Seminar, Pre-Retirement and Survivor Benefit Plan Briefing, Army Civilian Professional Development Seminar and many of the Army's key leaders will be there to provide us with the state of the Army, where we're going and how we plan to get there. So as you can see, AUSA is all about our Army and how we will win in a complex world.


Finance Minister replies to padding allegation regards it as senseless as 1.7 trillion Naira is inserted into MDA's budgets. And Nigeria is operating an illegitimate constitution, says former president of the Nigerian Bar Association, Olisa Awakoba. This is Plus Politics, I'm Mary Anacol. The Minister of Finance, budgeted to national planning Zaynab Ahmad on Tuesday said allegations of budget padding are projects and allocations in the 2023 Appropriation Bill made no sense. She stated that she said this during her presentation before the House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, the Minister for Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management and Social Development, Sadia Farooq had while appearing before the Senate Committee on Special Duties for Budget Defense blamed the Finance Ministry for arding 206 billion Naira to the ministry's budget. Farooq had claimed that the ministry requested some projects for the Northeast Development Commission and the National Social Safety Net Project in the 2022 budget, which were not released, but were surprised to see an inflated amount in the 2023 budget of the ministry. Consequently, the House and Vice of the Finance Minister to respond to six queries concerning budgets of various ministries, departments and agencies. Joining us to discuss this is Immanuel Umaran, he's a legal practitioner, and Jidio Lugo, who is also a legal practitioner. Thank you so much, gentlemen, for joining us. Good evening. Good evening. Great. I'll start with you, Bryce, our logo. So it's a question of who's telling us the truth, or who's right and who's wrong. And this is not the first time in Nigeria where we've had issues of budget padding, allegations of insertion, of bloated amounts of budgets, or things that are put into the budget. But today, the Finance Minister has come out to say that this does not necessarily make sense, being that they, knowingly, put this into the budgets of the humanitarian ministry, and she's saying that there's no cost for a land. But do you, looking at all of the things that are played out over last week into this week, what do you stand on this particular matter? You know, it's quite interesting because in Yusufah, I actually reported that the National Investments Commission, Ministry of Depends, and Ministry of Managerial Affairs, and to such a management of social development, accused the Finance Ministry of inserting the projects in their budgets. And if you look at the processes of making budgets, you realize that there should have been enough time to verify what you are inserting. So it may be like trying to court corners here, but what happens is that there will be a lot of deniers at Yusufah. But these are government agencies, ministries, and departments accusing each other and denying allegations. And for some of us, it's not something new in the country when you talk about budget padding. And I must appreciate the concerns of national assembly members, saying that at a time like this in the country, when we have a very challenging economic situation, those who are expected by Section 4 of the Nigerian Contreras are mended to make laws for the peace, order, and good governance of Nigeria. And discovering that there are some of the ministries that are expected to understand our plight are trying to court corners. And then it is really disturbing. And if you look at Section 15, Subsection 5 of the Nigerian Contreras amended, it says that the state shall abolish corruption and abuse of office. So it's quite worrisome. While the country is crying about low revenue, while the country is crying about very high indebtedness, different kinds of hardship, there are some are trying to smuggle in some strange elements into our budget. And don't forget that that budget itself is arriving on the K leg. It's a deficit budget. So when you now overload it, it's disturbing. But let me just anchor my part of this discussion on the fact that this may also fizzle away on the platform of deniers, all of deniers we call them. But we are calling on the National Assembly to bury vigilance. And that is one of the responsibilities of the National Assembly to ensure that these budgetary provisions are well-dependent and they reflect transparency. And of course, they reflect the state of the nation currently. Let me come to you. It sounds more like the Humanitarian Affairs Minister was totally unaware about this insertion, because kept insisting that she knew nothing about how this money, this figure was inserted into their budget. And just to borrow from what Boris our local just said now, there was enough time between the time that these budgets were put together and the time that they had to do the presentation. Should there not be some form of liaison between these ministries, departments and agencies before the presentation were to happen, being that the finance ministry somewhat was in charge of that drawing up all of that budget? And if something had to be inserted into another ministry's budget, how come one person doesn't know?  And this explanation that the finance minister has given us, should that suffice? Thank you. You see, we have seen this before. From 1999, we have seen these issues of budget padding. And unfortunately, it has come to stay with us like everything bad in Nigeria. The fact that the minister for finance is now coming to say it doesn't matter. It's unfortunate. It's unfortunate. The funds that they are trained all over the place, like my colleague said, we are in a dire strait in Nigeria. These funds do not belong to them. They belong to the federal republic of Nigeria. Every one of them. These are taxpayer funds. And what I've made down now, they are trying to shift the ball to push it here and there. And at the end of the day, everybody will forget about it. Like I said earlier, it's been happening. And it's also unfortunate that our security agencies who pursue young people in this country, who do all sorts to the poor people, do not look at these people at all. ICPC, I said they have stopped our 206 billion that were inserted in this budget and that it won't go. What have you done to the people? Who did this? And we've not seen one minister tried and convicted for this party. The only person that was tried, the trial took over 20 years, was the former senate president. And at the end of the day, it was said that he was removed because he was arrested and tried because they wanted him out of office. Now, why have we not been able to have one conviction? For almost 30 years now, we've not been able to have one conviction. And this is happening. Ministers leave office and become billionaires. So people who before 1999 could not buy tickets to fly from Lagos or from Kaduna could fly from Kaduna to Lagos. These are the same people that have become billionaires who are buying forms of political parties for 100 million. This is the fact, the country is bleeding. And until we do something about it, we are destroying our country. When you say until we do something about it, who's we and what exactly do you mean by that? We are the security agencies, the ESCC, the ICPC, the Nigerian police. They are there. They are doing nothing and unfortunately choose. Each of this group of people, these big men in IHOOS, have security people around them. They have DGSS, they have police, they have all sorts around them, guarding them and nobody's passing information. Let's talk about the projects that were made reference to by the Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management and Social Development. Now, Sadia Faruk had said that the Ministry of Finance requested some projects for the Northeast Development Commission and National Social Safety Net project in 2022's budget, which were not released on the land, it was not released. But then he was surprised to see an inflated amount of that money in the 2023 budget. So my question is, if these projects that were requested to be inserted were not questionable in any way, why were they not made plain and why was they not prior information before this was put in? Again, why inflates the amount without doing due process? I'm asking this because again, after maybe a few days, this would not no longer be making our headlines and it would obviously be gone with the wind. Why is there never a follow through of these issues? Because you started this conversation by saying that this is not new. So because it's not new and it's raising its ugly head again, should we let it go as we always let the other things go? It's not a matter of letting it go, for who we are tend to them. Like my brilliant colleague just mentioned now, we have law enforcement agencies, have you forgotten the probe of NDDC of your mic? We just have high people in top people in high places who want to launch this nation into the abysses of crisis. Let me run us through slightly the budgeting processes that we have. In preparing federal government budgets, all agencies using the guidelines and budget ceiling, prepare and submit their estimates to the Ministry of Finance, Budget and National Planning. After reviewing it, the Ministry will aggregate the budgets in the form of consolidated estimates of revenue and essential and then send it to the president for approval and the president on receiving the proposal as approved by the budget and planning ministry will present the draft estimate to the federal executive council for further consideration and approval after which the draft estimate is sent to the National Assembly where it is now in form of an appropriation bill. So at what point will people be smuggling things in if there is not a cartel of, you know, I mean, I want to be very civil in my expression and I don't want to be the state of the nation to reflect on what I have to say. Otherwise, I was going to wonder that at what point in time when we have this due process, will something now be denied? They don't know when somebody was something was smuggling. That means there must be some fraudulent personalities in the ecosystem of a budgeting process that are trying to take disadvantage of the country. I don't want to say take advantage because currently it appears as if this mission is bleeding, it's in an emergency state and some in that emergency state still want to take disadvantage. It's so sad. How can we bring them to justice? That's the big question. We've had several cases. Right now we have not recovered from the shock of oil tail. Nigerians losing trillions of dollars to oil tail. Have we not read recently that NNPC has remitted zero into the federation account? So where do we go from here? And the people you look, what is the meaning of budget? Budget is like the health line of the nation. And like I said, disturbingly, the so-called budget, 2023 budget of about 20,000 trillion Naira is coming as a deficit budget. We plan to earn a revenue of 9 trillion and to borrow about 8 trillion Naira. We are talking about subsidy. There is first capacity now. We have different kinds of prices and it's all sad. So we may be dealing with institutional crime here. But who brings them to justice? That's the big question because in the ecosystem of the budgeting process, I have mentioned the higher might, the federal executive council, the presidency, the nation and all of them. So we are looking up to the national assembly now where we have 109 senators and 360 house of rest members and they are representing their constituents all across the country. So we can see that it's a unique feature of democracy to look critically into this thing. So if the some ministries are denying, for instance, that they don't know how it got there, then let's involve the law enforcement agents to help us investigate. But don't forget also that recently a vessel was arrested, fair installing oil out of Nigeria and set ablaze on the high sea. So imagine that the initiative of defense found about 10.8 billion Naira, humanitarian affairs ministry, about 206 billion Naira, about 195 billion Naira for multilateral projects in power ministry. So Nigerians are the one paying for all this. Let's even assume we have the revenue. So if this gets through quietly, that means trillions of Naira will be stolen by some and taken away from the coffers of the nation to to find their embers of it's really sad. So we look up to the national assembly that discovered this to press down to justice. Has the national assembly ever come through by the logo as much as you keep harping and I'm not in any way, you know, being prejudicial in any but I'm just wondering, you keep saying that we look up to the national assembly. Has the national assembly ever come through in terms of things like this, whether it be padding or not? Again, you made reference to Professor Ponday. I would love to ask, where is Professor Ponday? Where is that issue right now? It's a dead end, isn't it? And you also pointed the fact that the vessel was, you know, set ablaze and the army chief said that there was nothing to investigate. So again, if we are at the messy of this so-called national assembly who's supposed to represent us and nothing is being done, what is the fate of the average Nigerian then? The fate of the average Nigerian is that if the Nigerian citizen becomes powerless to fight for him or herself, God Almighty will fight. And let me say this clearly. Really? We have to wait for God to fight our battles? Really? Why do we have government? A season of accountability for them. What God plans for Nigeria is prosperity and for that purpose he has blessed us extremely. And for those who believe that if you corner their prosperity, their selfish benefits, definitely they will account if not a man to God because it's just disturbing. You know, it's really disturbing. How do you even explain the oil table? How do you explain it? Different kinds of issues. Right now, we are talking about scarcity of oil. Why should Nigeria not have continental refineries? Several questions. Look at the foreign exchange sector. Do you know now that right now if you are traveling abroad and you are fortunate enough at home to get what is called the card they give you for your BTA? Some travelers have come back to say that you cannot even transit with those cards. So why do we have a nation that cannot boast of trust capital? Why is everything like this? And now ministries are arguing who is muggling some budgetary, extra budgetary provisions into the proposed budget. So we just wish that somewhere along the line, some of them become conscientious and know that the commonwealth of this nation should be the common good of the people. Already we are going about 42.5 trillion nairas, total debt. So who is going to pay that? Are we mortgaging the future of this country or securing the future of this country? So those are our concerns. And that is why, at this point in time, given the benefit of doubt, and we may expect that the National Assembly should press this down to a reasonable conclusion. And don't forget, many of those in the present ninth assembly may not return from what happened recently during the primaries, even the Senate president himself, from what we are getting back from the court, may not be returning to the National Assembly. So maybe that we really touch them where it counts for them to use this as a scapegoat case, accept the higher might you open to them and say the issue of their mic. Barsamoran, I mean, I can read this long list of padding cases that have been recorded over the years. But I want to not go in that direction. Now, if you were listening to the conversation, Barsamoran here is saying, well, if the National Assembly is not going to fight for us, then God will fight for us. Let me take you to Singapore, to China, the most of Southeast Asia. They believe in a God, I'm sure. But then they have laws that work a system that's programmed to work, not necessarily just for the people, but against corruption. That notwithstanding, there is corruption everywhere in the world, but then there is a system that has been watertight in a way that if you steal, you know the consequences. So, but in Nigeria, we always rely on God to fight our battles. Why do we even have leaders if we have to go to God to really fight our battles? Again, we're facing a downturn of sorts. Even though a lot of people would say that, oh, well, the whole world is trying to recover from COVID. It's been a year. Like you said, we're struggling with patrol of a country that has crude oil, but then we have not been able to record any amounts in the federal coffers from the NNPC that has been getting a facelift almost every year. I mean, the list is endless. Our children were at home for more than eight months because federal government was unable to come to an agreement with ASU. I can go on and on and on. How long are we going to wait for God to fight our battles when we have rights, responsibilities, and of course, we have our votes? Yes. Well, you see, my little friend said earlier, one thing we must do, we must get away from this thing of, oh, flying our hands up there. There's nothing we can do. What the first thing we can do now, given our situation in this. Mr. Maarene, can you hear me? Yes, these issues. One, two is this, we must call out as much as possible the security agencies because we cannot continue in this regard.  You know, if you put a rat in a sack of brain, it will eat and stool and eat until it finds itself into a point where it is there and it will not care.  Most of them have invested their money in stealing. And unfortunately, the civil servants are in co-hook with them. The security agencies are in co-hook with them. Look around you. How many retired IGs in Nigeria are not billionaires? How many commissioners or police in this country are not multi-millionaires? How many generals in this country are not multi-millionaires? How many permanent secretaries in this country are not multi-billionaires? Where do they get these monies from? We should ask questions. Does he end up asking questions because you see, this is an election cycle. Yeah, in fact, the campaigns are in full swing right now. And we are hearing all kinds of very outlandish promises. But then the how to, we see that we have the ICPC, we have the EFCC, we have the DSS.  But when it comes down to the serious things. Somebody is arrested. Yes. People are moving billions. People are coming on to the National Assembly to tell the National Assembly that it's next swallowed money, that there are my state's receipts. How do you, how do you explain this in Nigeria? So why are we not punishing offenders? This is my question. I remember there was a recently a presidential pardon for two people who were elected into office, who also stole from the coffers of the country or the state. But these people have been granted presidential pardon. What kind of stricter sanctions need to be put in place? You guys are the lawyers here. I mean, we have a law. How much of this law has been tested? And how many people have we seen put behind bars? We keep seeing, oh, this person is being arrayed for one corruption issue or the other. But how many of these people have gone to jail in earnest so that we can actually say that corruption is being kicked out of this country or brought down to its barest minimum? Or are we going to continue like this? Well, we, we, we are finding ourselves that we are going to continue like this until we step out and say, like you said, this election circle until we say this is enough. Okay. I think that this is enough. If we don't do that, then we are shooting ourselves with the food. We will find out that we don't have a country anymore. I'm going to come back to you by Sir logo. I want to just go through some of the budget padding stories that we've had over the years. Can you hear me? Yeah, you were up for a bit, but let me just quickly go back to Brian Sir logo. Now in 2018, the Finance Minister and the Coordinating Minister of the economy in Gozio Country Wala leaked the 17 billion Naira budget padding, you know, that became a scandal. She leaked a 17 billion Naira budget padding by the National Assembly. It was in 2015, I beg your pardon. Now also let's fast forward to another year. In 2018, the National Assembly smuggled 6,403 projects worth 578 billion Naira into the 2018 budget. Now President Bukhari was the one who made this known. We move again to another one, a 424 billion Naira budget padding. Farooq Ahmed was bickering with ministries departments and agencies. The ICPC at some point in 2021 uncovered 400 billion Naira budget padding, 50 billion Naira ghost walker salaries also in that. Also in, I think in January of 2022, there was a budget padding that hit 3 trillion Naira. And this is something that's happened over six years. So I ask you again, Maristar logo, what should we be prioritizing as we go into this season of elections? Because it's not enough for us to draw draw about it. But what actions need to happen for certain persons to be brought to book?  And that is hoping that it both will count. That's another thing because when you find a society that is in the close of the corrupt, the corruption may run through the whole system. And that is why again, it remains shocking that the accountant general of the Federation entrusted with the funds of the nation was found to have stolen over 80 billion Naira when the world population stands at 8 billion. You know, even though this is... Maristar logo, are you still there? That is that vulnerable. We should be concerned.  But beyond this voting, how can we have a system of accountability? Can what we are going through here be read about in China, in Japan, in Iceland, in Rwanda, even in Africa here? I mean, we are reading news about what the former president of South Africa is going through now in the hands of the law. So it appears right now by perception that Nigeria has become so exposed to crime that few people are even afraid of reaching the loss of the land. And when you have loss that you are not implementing, you are as bad as you don't have loss. So for us, in the country, it's just because we have come to condone this massive criminality against the nation. Different kinds of stories that are unbelievable. I think they were having a connection problem there. So what I did there is to plunder the nation. And this must be explained. Recently contaminated fuel got imported into this country. To date, we cannot tell who was behind it. And many people suffered for it. Right now we are suffering from square scarcity and there appears to be no explanation even when the president of the country and the commander achieve himself is the substantive minister of petroleum resources. So what is at least going on? I think that's the big question that every one of us has to answer. And we one way or the other have to put an end to it. But we have to go gentlemen. I want to say thank you. Emmanuel Moran, Jido Logan, a post legal practitioner. Thank you so much for being part of the conversation. Thank you. God bless Nigeria. All right. Thank you. Well, we'll take a quick break. When we return, we'll be looking at the issue of the legality of Nigeria's constitution because the former NBA chairman, Mr. Wakoba has said that these documents that we're using are illegal. We'll be right back.


People quite often ask me about different software licenses and really the only one I really know Semi-well are some of the GPL licenses, which there are different versions of that Mainly when I look for license because I know that I like the GPL usually three or Was it the a GPL for? Server side stuff. I mainly look make sure that if I'm using code someone else created Can I re-license it sub-license it under the GPL code that that's my main concern? When I'm using someone else's code, but if you want to know about different licenses and you Don't want to read all the legal aspect of it or read the whole license and I am no way being paid by this site This is just a site I came across a couple months ago You can type in the name of a software license and it gives it to you and basic plain English Kind of like when you go to the create a commons website You can read the full description of the license the full license or you can get the little symbols and quick breakdown So for example, so this website is TL DR legal comm and I can type in like GPL here and it gives you a list of different GPLs I need LG PLG PL3 GPL 2 you can click on that and it gives you a breakdown These are things you can do these are things you cannot do and these things you must do And so I come up here and someone recently asked me about the Apache license and One of the things when people ask about licenses again, there's different versions version 1 version 2 You know so in click on one of these version 1.1 So version 2 it tells you the things you can do you cannot do and things you must do or Like if I do BSD there's different BSD licenses You can pick one and look at what it means you can click another one and look at what it means And it just breaks it down to these three simple columns the things you must do if you click on this It gives you a little more description on what that means you can use it for commercial use you can modify it You can distribute it you can place a warranty yet You're not you cannot hold the original people liable the original developer for their code You must include a copy right and the license itself when you're redistributing it so those are things you need to look at and There are ways to on this site look at like the Microsoft licenses or or proprietary Licenses, I guess I just say instead of distribution licenses their and user license agreements Which aren't broken down that simple because they are more complex They're meant to be more complex because they're meant to catch you and stuff so they can sue you over stuff So they aren't broken down as simply but like here you can look at the Mozilla license, but As far as open-source licenses and free software licenses those sort of things there You tend to be broken down pretty simple because most those things aren't a long list of things you can't do There's just a couple of things saying that you can do And so it is easily broken down again You may want to read more into it, but if you just need to have a quick question Oh, can I use for commercial use which a lot of these licenses you can you can check right here, you know And if you know, like I said, there's different versions of the BSD license if you're you might you might get them mixed up You can quickly and easily go to one and see what you can and can it can do cannot do so again, that's TLDR legal.com If later on you're trying to remember this if you just Google like GPL and playing English or Apache and playing English usually this will be the first site that comes up You can also Google something like GPL license for dummies. I think I'll also come up So yeah, so check that out and that's just you know a quick little Overview a little tip for you. Hope that you have a great day Please visit my website films by chris.com That's chris the K films of chris.com and there you can quickly search through I now have I have more than one channel I have two channels and You can quickly search through videos from both my channels here and Also, you know find software that I've written RSS feeds Contact me in different ways. Let's go ahead and check that out. Thanks for watching and I hope that you have a great day


pretty good job Jeff. Yes, we can see the suggestion of the tether on the right side, unless that's just a reflection on the window pane. I could definitely see the tether in the viewfinder. It was at a very low angle through the window and so there's a lot of distortion in the image. Position out the front window, it was very low and the window is pretty dirty and it was hard to get access but I might as well down make it. Thank you Jeff. Houston, we got the contact. It's beautiful. We're going to get it on the TVs and downlink to you. We can see the tether. Great news Franklin and we'll look for that picture. Franklin, we see a long line, a couple of star like things and a lot of things swimming in the foreground. Can you describe what you're seeing? Well the long line is a tether and there's a little bit of debris that kind of flies with us and it's illuminated by the sun at such low angle so there's a lot of stray light and it's getting washed out quickly but God is trying to do a good job here adjusting the cameras. Columbia, I was using both the 20 power binoculars and the 400mm Nikon lens under the body bag and it only just disappeared in the glare of the sun about 30 seconds ago. The tether looked completely straight. I did not see any bright spots along the tether except at the very bottom where there was a bright spot which was unresolvable for me. I did not see anything above the satellite. Thank you, we copy all Jeff. Good observations. We look forward to your descriptions and photography when you get back. During the last mile on Bermuda passes the signal was coming in and out. It was getting pretty weak so our analysis indicates that the batteries just about done all it can. It's a pretty impressive little spacecraft. We were kind of tickled to be able to get so much data out of it out there flying along. Some good viewings of it up here. Gleefully rubbing our hands together anticipating getting some sightings over Houston a few days from now. Columbia, Houston, if we could get another item 7 on spec 213. As you work. Thanks, I'm Bertha. And we're ready on merch here. Go ahead. Sorry for the delay. Fantastic. Just for your data points, the first one was performed with a 105. Copy.  Columbia, this is Houston. Are you ready for the event? We're ready for the event. Hi, this is Houston. Please call Columbia for a voice check. This is Rye, we're calling Columbia. How do you hear me? I'm a general. We have you loud and clear. Is the commander Allen? Yes, this is the commander Allen. Oh, thank you for receiving on a board. We are trying to bother you as less as we can. May we speak to our two astronauts, Kaylee, and we don't receive them? Yes, you may. And we're privileged to have them on board. Thank you. And we're with you on the flight deck. We're not getting your wireless. Okay, how do you know? One little switch. We got you loud and clear. Okay, we like that. Looks like it'll be a sunset over Madagascar.


In the 12 and a half years that I've been here, we have not seen a lot of Marine Corps activity. As a matter of fact, this is only the third or fourth exercise that we've had here. The Marine Corps is underrepresented here. I aim to fix that. We should have more Marine activity out here. This mission we have, live explosives. We're going to have aircraft fueling here momentarily. We were able to turn one of our warehouses into the training scenario off the airport here. And all it took was just a couple of conversations to make that happen. When an event like this happens, it's good for the port and it's good for the communities around us. We have a very patriotic community here. So anytime there's military activity going on out here, there's a huge ground swell of local support. It's a great collaboration between the port, the US Marine Corps, and the civilian population around us.