So, this is going to be a demonstration of the deep compartment on the posterior aspect of the leg. This is the prone cadaver, this is the right side, I am standing on the right side and the camera person is on the left side. To show the deep muscles, we will first reflect the gastrocnemius and that we have done. Now that we have reflected out the structures from the knee, posterior aspect of the knee is this muscle here covered by its fascia. This is the popliteus muscle. The popliteus muscle is an oblique muscle. It is situated above the solial line on the posterior aspect of the tibia and my finger is tracing along the solial line. Below the solial line is the attachment of the solius and above the solial line is the insertion of the popliteus. The popliteus muscle then goes up like this and the origin of the popliteus is from the lateral condyle of the femur and from the lateral meniscus of the knee. So from these two origins it gets inserted here and there is a bursa between the tendon of the popliteus and the posterior aspect of the condyle which communicates with the knee joint. The popliteus helps to lock and unlock the knee. It helps to rotate the tibia five degrees medially and it also helps to rotate the femur five degrees laterally depending on whether the tibia is weight bearing or non-weight bearing. It rotates the knee by five degrees only in the extended position. Apart from that the popliteus also forms the lower part of the floor of the popliteal fursus. The popliteus fascia gets reinforcement from insertion of this muscle. This is the semi-membrinosus. The semi-membrinosus muscle gives an expansion which reinforces the popliteus fascia. So these are some quick words about the popliteus. Then we will reflect the tendocalcaneus and the solius which also we have done and in so doing we see the deep muscles. However, we will be moving back and forth between the popliteus region and the deep. First let's identify the muscles that we can see in the deep compartment or the posterior aspect of the leg. So let's start off with the medial most muscle that we can see here.  This is the flexor digitorum longus. Now let's come a little laterally. We see the next muscle here, this one where my finger is tracing and I'm going to trace my finger further down and we can see that lower down it becomes tendinous and this tendon then moves in front of the flexor digitorum longus and it comes in front. This muscle is the tibialis posterior and the third muscle that we see in the posterior aspect of the leg is this muscle which is arising from the lower end of the fibula and the interocious membrane and it's coming down and I'm tracing with my finger and this is that other muscle I've lifted up here with my finger. This is the flexor halusus longus. So therefore the three muscles that we can see the deep compartment are the flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior and flexor halusus longus. So from medial to lateral in the back of the leg it is DTH. However in the region of the ankle when the tendons are moving under the flexor retinaculum of the ankle the flexor digitorum longus tendon moves behind and the tibialis posterior tendon comes in front and we can see that here. So here the relationship becomes tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor halusus longus. Tibialis posterior is the second most powerful plantar flexor after the tendocalcanius and the flexor halusus longus flexes the great toe, flexor digitorum longus flexes the other toes. Now let's take a look at the neuro vascular bundle. This structure which I have lifted up here, this is the tibial nerve. To trace the tibial nerve let's come back to the pocretial fossa. This was the shatting nerve and the shatting nerve we can see in this particular case is dividing in the pocretial fossa into a common fibular here and the tibial nerve here. So this is the tibial nerve when I exert traction here we can see the tibial nerve is moving. The tibial nerve then runs under the tendinous arch of soleus and this is the tendinous arch of soleus where my finger has gone in and it has come out here. This is where the tibial nerve enters into the leg and it supplies all the muscles in the posterior compartment both superficial and deep. The next structure that we can see here is this neuro vascular bundle. This is the posterior tibial artery and it's accompanying venaecomitantes. The posterior tibial artery is the continuation of the pocretial artery and before I go to the pocretial fossa let me pick up the next structure here. This is the other component from the posterior tibial this is the fibular artery. So therefore again let's come back to the pocretial fossa. In the pocretial fossa we can see this is the pocretial artery which I have lifted up here and again I am going to put my hand inside this is the tendinous arch of soleus. And here the pocretial artery divides into what we cannot see here is that the anterior tibial which goes in front it goes in front of the intrusions membrane and the posterior tibial then divides into a common fibular artery and a posterior tibial artery and they are accompanied by their respective venaecomitantes. Both this common fibular and the posterior tibial they give three sets of branches one we can see this is the nutrient artery of the fibula here and this is the nutrient artery of the tibia here. Then they give respectively the lateral and medial malular branches and lateral and medial calcaneal branches. Apart from that we can see one more branch here running on the lateral aspect of the neck of the fibula. This is referred to as the circumfrix fibular artery which accompanies the common fibular nerve around the neck of the fibula. So these are the vascular structures that we can see in the posterior compartment. Now I shall tell you one mnemonic in the ankle under the fixer etniculum going from front to back the structures are tibial is posterior then we have fixer digitorum longus td the vascular structure tibial nerve and fixer halusus longus.  We can see this multiple perforating vessels here and we can see the cut portions of them here and we can see them here also we can see multiple these are all the perforators which perforate from the superficial to the deep compartment the veins that brings me to some important functional and clinical correlations pertaining to the deep veins of the calf. These are under extremely low pressure and therefore they are assisted in their venous blood flow up by means of contraction of the calf muscles within the tight osteoficial compartment and this is referred to as the calf pump also referred to as the peripheral heart without this it would have been very difficult for the blood to move up because the blood in the venous system in the leg is extremely low pressure zero to two millimeters of mercury and it's to move up against gravity. So that brings me to the next concept if there's a failure of the calf pump there'll be pooling of blood also referred as venous stasis and that can lead to deep pain thrombosis and it can also lead to pulmonary embolism so these are two important clinical functional aspects that we need to remember. The next point is I just now refer to the nutrient artery of the fibula here we can use a segment of the fibula vascularized segment of the fibula for grafting to replace a lost portion of the bone of the tibia on the other leg so we cut here with the vascular supply and we anastomose to a vascular anastomosis and we grafted to the lost segment of tibia especially in compound fracture of the tibia so that is another important clinical surgical application of this. If there is a blood trauma to the back of the leg then these muscles as I mentioned are enclosed in a tight osteoficial compartment and they cannot expand outwards so therefore they swell and they push the vascular structures inside and they can lead to what is known as compartment syndrome in which case the treatment should be immediate fasciautomy to cut open the deep fascia the cruel fascia so as to allow the muscles to expand. I mentioned the tendinous arch of soleus and I'm going to put my finger again under the tendinous arch of soleus this is the tendinous arch of soleus where my finger has gone in and we can see the structures are coming from the pulmonary artery to the leg under the tendinous arch of soleus here and this is the potential site of entrapment of the pulmonary artery. That's all for now thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjosh and you're signing out David over with the camera person if you have any questions or comments please put them in the comment section below have a nice day.


Ooh, you say you love me, I say you crazy, we're nothing more than friends You're not my lover, more like a brother, I know you since we were like 10 Yeah, don't mess it up, talking that ear, it's only gonna push me away That's it, when you say you love me, that made me crazy Yeah, don't go


The way I look at my relationship with God and with Jesus is I'm not trying to earn God's love by doing good things. God has already loved me for who I am before I did anything to earn and deserve it. It's a free gift by accepting Jesus and just giving your life to him. And what he did is the gift, the forgiveness is the thing that we look at him.  A lot of people think that Christianity is about doing enough good stuff to earn God's acceptance and love, but this couldn't be further from the truth. God's love is a gift. Jesus' sacrifice on the cross was a gift. As Christians, we seek to serve and obey God, not out of duty, but out of love. Follow for more.


Okay, we were talking about the six signs of the second coming and the first four is mentioned in Matthew 24 14 If we can have someone read out Matthew 24 14 Okay, so the very first important sign of the second coming is that every people group Throughout the world will get to hear the gospel. So the gospel will go to every people group However, remotely it may be located So somebody at least one missionary would go out to and reach out to every people group that is available You know on this earth. So after that the end will come So that's one very clear indication and almost all people groups have been covered And yeah, they say that some people groups have not heard the gospel at all So that too, you know would be covered and then we can be very sure that the end will come The second is regarding the Jewish people If someone could read out Romans 11 25 to 26 Romans 11 25 to 26 Romans 11 25 25 to 26 I I I I I I I I I I I I I Come in and so all Israel will be saved as it is written that deliverer Deliverer will come out of giant and he will turn away and godliness from Jacob It talks about how a time will come It says that in your verse 25 Until the full number of the Gentiles has come in and in this way all Israel Will be saved so it's talking about how the goddess allowed the Jewish people to harden their hearts for a little while So that the entire focus can be upon the gentile nations getting saved But once that is done, you know, it'll once again be Israel's turn and god would work in them among them in a special way So that many of them will be will become open to the gospel which is being preached many of them will be reached So, uh, we are more familiar with the Matthew 24 14 verse, you know, which talks about how the gospel will be preached to all the people groups But the other aspect is that even the Jewish people will be reached, you know in a large number in the end times So, uh, when both of these things are achieved, then we can be very very sure that the end will come Just moving on quickly to the other signs, you know of the of the second coming Matthew 13 7 to 8 if someone could read out Matthew 13 7 to 8 13 Matthew 13 7 to 8. Yes, and some fell among thorns And the thorns Marks 13 7 to 8 and when you hear of Wars and row rumors of wars do not be troubled for such things must happen Happen, but the end is not it For nations Will rise against nation and kingdom against kingdom and there will be Earth quacks in various places And there will be Feminine feminis and troubles. These are the beginnings of sorrows But yeah, so over here, you know in the niv it says these are the beginning of the birth pains So like when a person is you know, when a woman is giving birth to a child the very first Indication that the child is coming are the birth pains And so in the same way when the end time is almost coming going to be given birth to Uh, the first thing the first indication will be the birth pains And over here, these are the kind of birth pains which the world will begin to experience Indicating that in the very near future the end times will be given birth to so what are the indications Nation will rise against nation kingdom against kingdom Earth quakes in various places Famines this is something that we are literally seeing with our eyes on the you know news every day So these are things which are already happening Which means the birth pains have started The end time is going to be given birth to very very soon So this should be a time when we should be even more excited and saying All this that we are getting ready for all that we are spiritually preparing ourselves for This rule and reign that we are going to have with the lord jesus. It's all coming It's all becoming nearer and nearer. This should make us more excited about preparing ourselves And also it should make us, you know enthusiastic about sharing the gospel Because we it's a it's a lord's desire that everyone should you know be joined into the fold Into his sheep fold. So we are the ones who should go out and bring people into the sheep fold of christ um Maybe we can also look at the next sign which is mark 13 22 mark 13 22 mark 13 22 for Well, it's christ and felt profits will rise and so science and wonders To deceive if possible even the elite So this will be a time when you would have a lot of people doing a lot of miraculous things They will be teaching certain philosophies They will be coming up with new kinds of teachings and they back up what they are doing by doing many many miraculous things And because they are doing the supernatural things people will believe them and assume that what they are saying is truthful and correct But actually what are they they are false prophets. They are false teachers So and we see a lot of that happening We see people gaining a greater interest today, you know in our current day in supernatural activities They don't call it witchcraft But that's basically what it is They are able to perform science and wonders and by performing those science and wonders They are trying to show that whatever it is that they are saying is actually valid It's actually truthful. That's that's you know, that's that's the way they are portraying themselves to the world And it says over here even the elect Can get deceived if they are not careful So it is so important for us to you know, stay alert in these end times and to warn our brothers and sisters and make sure that they also stay safe in the faith So it's not just enough to know that false teachers are going to be coming in the end times. What are we doing about it? Are we proclaiming the truth and counteracting what the false prophets are saying? Are we taking a stand and protecting our brothers and sisters so that they are not led away? You know, so it's important to understand that even as all these signs are being released We do have a role to play while these signs are getting released To look at another one mark 13 24 and 25 is someone who'd read out mark 13 24 and 25 24 and What in those days after that? Tribulation The sun will be darkened And the moon will not give its light The stars of heaven will fall and the powers in heaven will be shaken Yeah, it says over here. Uh, now these are things which have not yet happened So up to now whatever we were looking at for all terrestrial phenomena things which are happening on the earth But then in the very very last times you will even have things happening in the in the up in the sky where you would have Stars behaving differently where you would have the sun being darkened. So, um, you would have other things happening even in the Skies, so this this will be in the very last times right now Of course, we seem to be only in the birth pain space. All right, so but in the very end times even the Stars in the sky and the planets also will be affected Now the last sign that would be second Thessalonians 2 7 to 9 second Thessalonians 2 7 to 9 second Thessalonians 2 7 to 9 for the mystery Of lawlessness is already at work only he who now restraints will do so Until he is taken out of the day out of the way And then the lawless one will be revealed Whom the Lord will consume with the breath of his mouth and destroy with the brightness of his coming The coming of the lawless one is according to the working of satan with all power science and laying wonders and with all unrighteous Shepsons among those who perish because they did not receive the love of the truth and they might So we see over here that when the lawless one is revealed Then you really that is when you are literally in the end times Uh, the so who is the lawless one over here? It's referring to the antichrist and it says very clearly that right now uh The appearance of the lawlessness or lawless one is being held back We see that in verse 7 where it says for the one who now holds it back Will continue to do so Till he is taken out of the way So right now the Holy Spirit is not allowing things to go into that final stage Where all these people will rise up who are clearly You know, um representing satan So right now they are being held back by the Holy Spirit because the time is not yet for them to you know, show themselves fully and uh operate in authority But a time will come when the Holy Spirit will step aside and allow that last stage of rebellion to come in And that is basically when even the antichrist will reveal himself and it talks about how he will reveal himself It says in verse 9 he will use all sorts of displays of power Through science and wonders that serve the lie So people will believe his lie people will believe that uh, the true god Is not someone to be loved not someone to be admired and respected So in fact if you see in revelation there are passages where it Where it talks about how the people, you know, uh, they will be trying for the for the for the mountains to hide them But at the same time they'll be cursing god because now they have bought into the light that You know in those days, it's very difficult to say god doesn't exist because gods God's presence will be so real they can literally see judgment coming down from heaven upon earth So god's presence is very real So in those days people will not say god does not exist They will say yes god exists, but they will be cursing god Why because the antichrist would have turned them against god to such an extent that they choose to believe the lie Rather than the truth. So there are terrible times coming and the church Which is being told about these things has a role to play at least maybe through prayer Even if you know if you cannot do anything about future events at least what we can do today is Pray that in that day The believers will be able to take a stand and remain strong Even though all of that evil is being, you know unleashed So we have a role to play in all of this Revelation was not just written for our entertainment Revelation was written so that we the church will see that this is what is coming next and do whatever we can from our side To prepare our people for it and also, uh, you know to prepare ourselves To you know by sharing the gospel and by bringing more people into the kingdom So there's an active role that we are supposed to play even as we are, you know, learning about all of these events Um, just to look at some more scriptures regarding the second coming We are aware that you know, nobody knows exactly when it will happen Acts 1 7 talks about that it says it is not for you to know the times or dates The father has set by his own authority So It is not for us to know that we have not been given the authority to know about that and Jesus says in matthew 24 36 that not even the sun knows about when it will happen So even jesus was living here on the earth as a human and he had chosen not to be All knowing so he restricted himself to his human side and he did not know all of the future events So he says at this point of time even the son of god does not know when the when exactly the last hour will be And we have of course first the celonians 5 Verse 2 someone could read out first the celonians 5 verse 2 first the celonians 5 verse 2 For you yourselves Know perfectly that the day of the lord so comes as a thief in the night Yeah, so when the thief is coming to your house, he does not ring up first and inform you that he will be coming The thief comes Unexpectedly when you are not expecting him to come and so the lord in the same way will come like a thief He will it will not be an uh a pre-announced arrival So that is why all these people who go on trying to give you know Prophecies and predictions of exactly when it will happen. They all have improved falls up to now because When god comes none of them will be able to predict Nobody will be able to prophesy because he will literally be like a thief in the night He's not going to announce it to one group of christians, you know that he's going to come on such and such a day So rather than wasting that time giving prophecies about when the end time will happen Maybe they should grow in god and you know use their prophetic gifting to build up the body of christ Rather than wasting that time on for predictions about when the second coming will happen Yes, so here. It's very very clearly told that nobody will actually know because it will he will come like a thief in the night And another nice thing about the second coming is that it's a very personal thing for believers This is what jesus says in john 14 three John 14 And if I go and prepare a place for you I will come again and receive you to myself That where I am there you may be also We think about the second coming as all these spectacular things that are happening in the heavens on the earth and the display of power And the angels coming with their trumpets and all of that But actually if you see it's just basically, you know your elder brother coming to take you back home So that you can all be under the father's roof together It's such a personal thing You know god doesn't just you know send us angels and say you know go pick up my people and come Yes, it is true. It talks about how the angels will gather the elect from the forward winds. Yes Wow, I know that that's in the very end when battle is going to happen But over here jesus is talking about the personal side of it where he says I'm going over there now to prepare a place for you and when I come back I'll take you with me over there So it's a very personal thing that we are looking forward to Where he is going to come and personally receive us and take us back to be under the father's roof And so we have all these teachings about how there are going to be big mansions over there And how each person is going to have a mansion with a name Written on it Doesn't really talk about that the word that is used over there. You know, it's just talking about You know Mainly about rooms, you know, I think we had talked about this once earlier They are, you know, in in the biblical times they had this joint family setups So when one of the sons gets married, they would build an extra room so that, you know, he would have his own separate place for his family So they would keep adding on extra rooms to the House which is already there so it's Probably jesus was using that kind of an imagery because everyone would want to be under the father's roof No one wants to go and live separately and not be under the father's roof So maybe he meant in that sense when he said, you know, I'll go and build up those extra rooms for you So you guys also can be part of my father's house and we'll all be together as one family So I don't think people would really be interested in the size of their mansion up there in heaven They would be more interested in being close to the father literally in his presence What does it matter whether you have a mansion with your name written on it or not? What matters is that you're under literally under the father's roof in his home In his presence part of his family, that would be the beauty of what we have, you know, we're looking forward to But of course, we also know that it will be a glorious thing that will happen Matthew 25 verse 31 Matthew 25 verse 31 Matthew 25 verse 31 uh When the son of man Comes in his glory and all the holy angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory Yeah, so this elder brother who is coming to receive us. It's not just some elder brother This is the king of glory.  So god looks upon us In a very, you know, we with great pride. He doesn't look down upon us So how are we behaving in our everyday lives? Are we living in a way that Uh, you know Shows our appreciation for what has been given to us Are we living in a way that honors the position that has been given to us because we are people who are seated In the heavenly realm. So are we conducting ourselves like people who belong in that realm? Or are we behaving like as if we belong to the kingdom of darkness? No, which would be like a real insult so that we should not be doing that We should honor god for the position that he has given us so We've had a kind of a chaotic first half Hopefully our rhino the second half of our session will be very very peaceful So we actually were supposed to have finished the rapture by now, but then Yeah, we'll just have to wait till after the break So when we come back from the break, then we will talk about the rapture and the rest of it So, um, because we are kind of dismissing a little Early can we also get back a little early? Maybe at Three minutes to ten. Okay. So everyone can log back in Three minutes to ten


All right folks here. We are 230 Eastern time this Friday afternoon here to put a bow on this week Great to see all of our students and members alike We got Mark still with us here probably Shorten a couple things up and down CLSK namely great to see Linda alongside him Michael and all of our students and members I like there so if you're joining us inside inside our live trading room or on social media that being at cyber trading you just On YouTube Facebook live, etc. Great to have you there as always. I just it has been a phenomenal day once again I mean another day where we've had just incredible move after incredible move and along that well, hey Happy 500 day, right? Happy 500 day for all this year Of course the SMP ended up hitting 5,000 just yesterday and then this morning spy ETF ended up pushing up over 500 itself this morning and I think that we're only gonna keep pushing up that is my guess And I'm just saying that with respect to the chart So with that in mind, let's see what we could work with here heading into this close You know as well as we've done today in this week We don't want to get greedy, right? And I know all this like aren't greedy We that's the last thing that we are really most of us in all of us in our room really just to say that All right, if there's something that looks really strong heading into the afternoon I'll definitely consider it if not then all right. Well, maybe I'll do it on smaller size Maybe I'll just poke out of here or there, but that's it I'm not gonna try and be too aggressive here, but we'll try and be efficient with what we have So let's let's start off really from the top of the gainer's list here. I NBS I went break even on this trade. It was a little earlier as it was pushing up It was right here as it was trying to pop from 1050. I was looking for the higher high I thought there was a chance to see a bit more of a gap fill as it dropped down towards like 1250 a Shear back in September and and gapped off from there So it basically filled the gap it did a really good job of filling it just didn't get all the way there exactly and with that If it's not gonna break any higher, there's only one other way It's gonna go so I personally was late to the party on this we as a group or not I just had my hands tied elsewhere on CLSK Mara what else do we have from earlier today the top trade? That's right top is a really nice mover at least from the Mid-morning we'd said, you know right around 550 ish 575 ended up leading to one small little bounce at first and then another one here heading into the early afternoon But you know, that's kind of what I had my hands on and it led to a good bounce That's what I was primarily looking for chart wasn't really the prettiest, but otherwise. No, hey that provided a good little opportunity The IMBS was really kind of your lead horse throughout the day though at this point now I'll put the IMBS on our list here to begin Write that down quick All right, then see what else we can kind of just grab here again the markets are just breaking new highs buy at 501 now even Mny check this one out here Money hero LTD ended up leading to a good push earlier still making higher lows now I don't like the order book especially on the bid side there. I'm really skimpy on the bid side I'll come back to it. I don't mind the move though as far as the chart You know cheap stock trending back up higher lows on the more expensive side door Well, let me get let me ask us all of us here later and you in particular and Michael and Grant Any of our longtime students of CTO a lot of us with this year have been longtime students for over a year at least What's the news out on the stock? I'm not even gonna care to check to follow up with it. That's how much of an assumption it is What type of news is this folks? Do you want to check for me? Please do I am 100% sure that this is a buyout 100 not even 99.9. This is 100 so move on from that, right? That's what a buyout looks like. Let me actually write that down even for the next time I teach the news class in phase one because sometimes I have a little difficulty Getting a buyout if it's on a particular day. That's that's a clean one to use for class All right, so CLSK in terms of the Bitcoin stocks the Bitcoin miners This has been a lead horse at least today Mara was yesterday, but for as much as Mara pushed up Well, it's slowing down a little bit getting a little choppy here Well, not just that but CLSK here Cleanspark had earnings that earnings yesterday led to a big pop and after hours and with that Even more so today. So this has been a phenomenal trade once again off 13 here This was your opening bell print heading into the morning about 500 plus thousand shares were filled right at the open at $13 so it took a couple stabs at it But led to a big move shortly after right that's what we preach So, you know for the afternoon looks like it slowed down here these crypto stocks normally aren't good afternoon movers anyway So, you know, hey, that's also a pretty good assumption assumption there Hey Lunar LUNR a nice little push here intuitive machines nice little breakout here even on the daily chart Right look at that Basically under $4 for the previous week prior and led to a big breakout here today at the open Now at five. So, you know what Lunar just right away. I'm gonna put this on our list as well The IMBS, right? What else we got here? Just try and weed out some of the crypto stocks You're gonna probably see them up and down this gainer side. I know I clicked on pretty quickly because it is a Stock from previous back in COVID. This was a COVID stock that came out news about Antibody testing kits and all that jazz and all the vaccine stuff led to a big pump And this was at all prior to a reverse stock split that I'm sure the stock had recently here So it's up 17% today, you know making a little good squeeze today I don't mind it here. I'm gonna add it for right now if we build up a big list Then I'll I'll give this a second look then after but for now it makes the cut net pretty choppy right now Just coming off earnings to pass there Irene I took a small loss on this earlier Just I was looking for the pop-off is six and then as soon as it hit 596. That's it not making that pop So done with it for right now. This also is a crypto mining stock Here's another one HUT Former runner M. I and M. Nah not looking good. Not looking good All right So if there's anything else looking good folks on the way up or more of a name brand company Perhaps just going with the market here type it in help help me out here type it in the chat board Let me just hop over to the loser side here. You got D. H. A. I I don't know if this is an AI company D. H. A. I Down seventy six percent. I don't know that's kind of weird my day of my one minute chart says plus twelve percent, but my Scanner here shows down seventy six. I Don't like confusion so I'm gonna move forward from that actually just gonna kind of move on from that at that point It's not going anywhere. Anyway PLCE children's place. Well, this did go somewhere today ended up making actually a really good dead cat bounce It just took a little while to get the gears going It wasn't making any, you know higher high at the time But it was making higher lows and then eventually it ended up making the squeeze up higher heading into the early afternoon So could there still be more room on the way up here for you for a dead cat bounce? I Would not really expect it. I like the fact it's at the highs though, right or at least, you know Holding strong near the highs of the day. I just got a really skimpy order book. I don't have a great necessity for it right now NWL. What else we got here? You got bill Bill, where are you in our chat board bill? I I didn't see him chat just a moment ago It's probably here somewhere. You got bill bill the stock ended up leading to a nice drop-off earlier today small little bounce here, but I'll pass See if there's anything else looking good You got Pinterest Pinterest took a hit today What happened with that? Was that earnings my assumption would be earnings related there from yesterday after hours, but Linda says yes Mark says yes, there we go appreciate that folks You know this pushing up a little bit and In comparison to children's place the order book is more liquid on Pinterest at least for now So, you know what? I'll kind of add Pinterest for the time being just tradable All right, so that leaves it up to you folks for Mark Linda and all of our students here Let me know if there's anything else I'm missing just in chat or on YouTube Facebook live LinkedIn, etc Just at cyber trading you I hope you folks enjoy the weekend before you part ways with me two things Hey, just make sure to hit the follow or subscribe button on YouTube Just to know when we're streaming live when we're not we're Monday to Friday each and every day morning and afternoon But you got to hit that subscribe button to know when we are exactly going live It makes it easier for you to just click right away from there So that's first secondly if you're interested in joining our live trading room Just scan that QR code on the top left of the stream if you're fancy with your camera fancy with your phone Just scan that QR code on the stream live take you to a landing page Then you'll be able to sign up for a week-long trial to our live trading room have live workshops They're every Tuesday morning and alongside that just the whole camaraderie with our students myself and of course We got Fausto back in the back in the swing of things here to now at this point So it'll be back next week of course with myself and for all our students here again last call Let me know if there's anything else here. I'm missing but yeah, Benzinga pro here. I'll just show you really quick But that's pretty much it GLT I think that was maybe also a pop and drop from earlier this week, too, right? Yeah, this isn't really going in. Maybe if I can pop later on we'll call it out But for now we'll pass the only stock we'd said we'd get back to from our side list here MNY Doesn't really hurt as to add this to add this to our watch list now. It's still technically making a higher lows, but You know, I like the other four here to begin first. I nbs lunar Pinterest I know I'll kind of slap this here on the bottom and if it ends up just tanking after this meeting Then you know what to do with it. Just write it off. All right folks, but again tg if enjoy your weekend Otherwise, I'll be back in the mic myself coming up at three o'clock for Michael Mark Lyndon all of us Otherwise, so with that best of luck trading folks take care You


I'm actually from the University of Southampton now, as you can see from my slide, but I'm actually going to present to you a brief overview of my master's research and results that I conducted at the University of Manchester in 2016, so it's also worth noting, as Donald mentioned, that some of these results are probably out of date as well and out of this point. But particular attention will be given to the disciplinary trends and visual assumptions identified within the different visual modalities utilising the context of the museum. And then the final section of the presentation will briefly discuss future directions of my research at PhD level and the application of new vocabulary in an attempt to challenge old narratives about the prehistoric past. I suggest that the only way to challenge this is to actually present new and innovative ways of representing the Paleolithic that is founded on emotional and relational biographies. So I would just like to, for a moment, for everyone to look at this image. This is the image of Wickey Hole created by H M Hutchinson in 1896. This is a very powerful image and probably the main reason why I'm studying the representation of women in the Paleolithic. When I first saw this image, I must admit I was actually disgusted in our role. I was like, this is really bad. The pictorial reconstruction features several of the stereotypical and gender-specific characteristics which is used to demonstrate secondary sexual difference in the representation of human antiquity. As you can see, the female is positioned in the background of the image, literally faceless, overshadowed by the premise of the cave. The male takes centre stage. He is depicted as not only the punter, he is the inventor, he is the creator, he is the motivator of human evolution. The female assumes obviously a more passive and stereotypical inertial role in the male counterparts and are almost exclusively associated with children. Children in this perspective are almost seen as material culture in themselves. They are not individuals. They are almost always associated with the female. Basically, I looked at three international case studies, the National History Museum in London, the Museum of Human Evolution in Bergus Bay, and I looked at the Pre-Hish Museum in the Dodd Eye Valley in France. I think this quote by Clav Gamble is very important. Human pre-Hishry is only possible because we've been taught how to look and learn. I would argue that we must consider the historical lens through which it has been viewed. This is basically a standard as to what has been set for over 100 years later. The long-standing and persistent gender biases within prehistoric archaeology and models of evolution have consistently positioned adult males essential to archaeological investigation, interpretation and representation, while females have been placed firmly on the periphery. There has been also considerable research into the highly formed lake and restrictive scenarios presented within the context of the museum, particularly with regard to emotion and identity. I argue that this limits our understanding of the multifaceted and multidimensional character of social and material relationships throughout human antiquity. It is now widely recognised that if we are to understand how people of things bring their worlds into being, we are required to critically engage with emotion. It appears, following Clav Gamble, that the time has come to present the driving factor of evolution, not in terms of technological or cultural progression, rather a focus on emotional biographies. Emotional biographies in the context of my work should be understood as a relational ontology that focuses on the interconnected social relations and intimacies between individuals, matter, materials, substances and space. So, using these three major museological examples, I'll actually demonstrate that despite major critiques and movements against the traditional and gender-specific iconocritic background during the 1990s, by lots of amazing female archaeologists actually in the profession. So, we have Margaret Cronkey, we've got Stephanie Moser, we've got Azilha, all of them really in the 1990s critique these situations that this needs to change. So, my research questions were simple, has it changed? Haven't we moved on from this? Has the museum actually taken this into consideration when they were representing Pala Levy? And fortunately, they haven't. So, I analysed the National Museums, which was included here, and I looked at several variables, quite different to Felicity's variables, actually. I looked at history and architecture, I looked at the exhibition design and layout, and then I looked specifically at analysing the visual modalities. But for the purposes of this presentation, I'm just going to focus on exhibition design and the visual modalities, otherwise I'll be here forever. So, the Natural History Museum in Gollumden, UK. The Gallery of Human Evolution at the Natural History Museum does not have a diadetic or a personal look.  So, rather than the aim of the exhibition is to display star specimens from the museum's collection and recent research on a scientific and objective manner. And I believe that, in retrospective, that this is actually widely felt short in the representation of females, because they focus purely on geographical locations, the bones, and they didn't actually think of the wider narrative. The gallery is characterised as theoretically organised with no prescribed route for the visitors to follow. Actually, it can be quite confusing as to which place it's supposed to have gone into. Instead, the visitors can freely explore four scientific zones that present our most ancient ancestors within an evolutionary, interpretive framework. Gender stereotyping and the use of hydrothon-rate scenarios was difficult to assess here, because they didn't actually reconstruct paganolithic life. There was no more to the hairling models. They only had single reconstructions like this. Very fantastic, but that's not what it was. So, the gallery was centred on two types of visual modality that are anatomical reconstruction in the middle and scientific as I've shown is hyper-realistic living mannequins. The two key representations are the home on the end of our male family on the left and the home safety male on the right. They are standalone in the mannequins, individually cased but facing each other, almost glancing one another across the gallery. These particular reconstructions successfully challenged the primitive iconopathy that stickey cave menstrual type, which is so dangerous with being attached to the home on the end of it. However, they take centre stage in the gallery and despite successfully challenging negative notions of race and identity particularly with the Hormsania, the imposing nature of these hyper-realistic reconstructions subconscious replaces males at the centre of the gallery and at the centre of evolution, because when you walk in and out of females, the females are anatomical reconstructions in the side cases and they have these big massive reconstructions which Levin has also mentioned cost over £120,000. So, it seems that they also financially like to invest in the male role in human evolution. So, a clear trend can be identified here and females dominate the anatomical reconstruction which is quite sad, really. And in the hand of the realistic ones, the males dominate always consistently. And I argue that this trend is women of little north in the study of prehistory and anatomical reconstruction is like a realistic, personal and relatable element that is needed to provide a room to success with the challenge of gender-cognitive iconography or the paleolithic. But see these categories where the females were intuitively scientifically reconstructed it was the white thermal plastic heads that even though they'd been reconstructed they had a relatability. So, on to the next case study and I do apologise for going through these at rapid speed so if there are any questions, please ask me later. The second museum is the Muse National De Prehistory in the Doix d'Ine by the France. The architecture and the situational positioning of the museum clearly reflects the role and purpose of the space. It mirrors the prehistoric world and the archaeological sites around it enabling the museum to serve as a speaking monument. The museum designer layout can be characterised as a linear journey of technological and cultural progression through the ages. A visitor's journey starts in the entrance which is flooded with light and he also enters the seduced atmosphere of the lobby area and continues through the dillelillir access tunnel that allows the visitor to literally retread and walk in the shoes of the lethode footprints which I thought was a fantastic element that was really nice. At the end of the access tunnel the visitor is immediately confronted with the scientific reconstruction of Homo rectus who throughout my analysis is always presented as male which is convenient. The lower gallery then takes the visitor of the chronological journey through time focusing specifically on functionality and matters of survival rather than cultural affairs. Although within this gallery it should be stated that the visitor is confronted with a very interesting anomaly to the traditional genetic iconography. Here you will find the lifestyles reconstruction of the Neanderthal mine and bailing. Situated within a cave setting but there is no female president so this is an example of role reversal. Unfortunately the ever restricted scenario of a cave setting for a dwelling has strong tools for the technology and also present. After ascending up the staircase to the final gallery the visitor is immediately confronted with a wide abled male drawing a half-dispir the performative action of walking up the stairs but the staircase reaches the gallery and a direct association to cultural materials in the sanctuary implicitly suggests that the wide homosaping male is the critical of human evolution. So we're able to demonstrate that actually within this now it's not a single female. Not one. So statistics can lie because statistically speaking there was very bad at representing a female role but actually when you analysed the display it did engage with gender. But the museum does continue to posit both the objects and the subjects of knowledge trying to give the female role and the human evolution as a favour on minimal. This is highlighted by the lack of scientific instructions and the fact that all the males have been fleshed out within this museum I'm really quickly at the pole of international history which is an international centre of research just up the roll. There are further three reconstructions on one female which is always loosing the home savior and a home on the anthol. The anthol obviously associated with functionality of your hair in one hand and the spear in the other and the home savior male sat down mixing in his pigments after his arduous journey through the struggle of evolution. So I will move on to my final case study. It is noted that within the prehistory of France they're very traditional in their type of display. Now the museum of human evolution in the world of Spain this was a fantastic museum purpose-built and size-specific so they didn't have the same sort of problems that the other museums had as being a by-product of modernity basically. So they successfully challenged primitive iconography throughout they didn't present Cayman as a stereotype whatsoever. But gender stereotyping was a persistent problem and specifically when you go back to traditional form of multi-visualisation so in the pictorial representations of the dioramas gender stereotyping was very prevalent. But there was a very nice anomaly to this which is the human evolution gallery but if anybody hasn't seen it please go and see it it's amazing. There's ten hobidid species represented basically from all the way from Oslo Lepidicus all the way up to Hormor Woundedensis in a circular layout. And this successfully challenges the kind of living progression as you can see here in the jet that you can kind of go in and out and move in between the ones so it becomes a discovered space for learning. But when you actually analyse the gallery more closely you see that basically women are always associated with nature and by that they are always represented as the most earliest species so they're always Oslo Lepidicus or Hormor Georgicus and I found it very interesting that the male to appear in the gallery was granted the first voting which is the harmony which is universally accepted to being the first stone tool maker and he stood there with a pondering expression overlooking the gallery again being shown as the kind of motivator of evolution. So I'm going to have to move on really quickly because I'm running out of time trends and assumptions as I've kind of already demonstrated as you can see females really dominate the earliest species and then males dominate. Hormor Antestor gives a little bit of a skewed representation as a museum of human evolution specifically on that hominid. But the visual trends are very simple.  Thank you. So has the situation changed? I would argue not. We are still in the background. We are still faceless. We are still not in the forefront of the cave image. Going against that and the restrictive scenarios. We need to be moving away from these. I'm really running out of time. So rethinking. You're okay. Rethinking. Rethinking gender and material. So where do we go from this? I've managed to do it. I know we're anomalies to this. I do understand that. We are museums who are doing a fantastic job. But these are nationally important museums that we've got European people in. So that in itself shows that we're still a major problem. So I think that basically the problem is that many museums do like that. They have to produce a kind of safe and expected reconstruction. We've already spoke about this. There's a certain expectation and the museum doesn't need that expectation. We're really nervous about how to break away from that. So I draw on concepts of new materialism and the ontological turning. This is really popular at the moment. Hang on to that. The bit we can't see really. The bit that in the ontological record orc says it's not possible. And I think that we should focus on emotions. I mean that might not checklist. I don't want to see people being happy or people being sad. What I want to see is us communicating with each other. So that kind of idea of the footprints and the thought in our individuals. Why have we recreated in thought in our individuals? Talking to each other. Walking through the landscape. Things like that is more what I would like to see. As you can see, I've also got pages and pages left. I've got a bullet from the time. I hope that you can appreciate what I'm trying to do which is reframe how we think about gender representation, performance engagement and emotional biographies in the panel like this. Thank you.


So, we're a press developer's guide to Qixing, right? So, yeah, caching, caching, what is it, Qixing? Lots of ways to mispronounce, right? So, yeah, so what is caching? In its simplest form, it is just a temporarily storing some sort of resource so that future requests can be made faster, which brings me to my breakfast. So, basically, every morning I like to eat three eggs, make a nice little omelet, put a lot of ingredients in there, right? I put some spinach, maybe some mushrooms, tomatoes, that kind of thing. Ultimately, I cache every day my food, right? So, all I'm doing is I'm going to the store and I buy my stuff in bulk and I put it in a fridge, I put it in a pantry, I put it in a freezer, and I basically store those resources temporarily in a location where I can get to them faster, because I do not want to make a trip to the store every morning for all of the ingredients so I can make my omelet. So, in a sense, we all do this every day, we just may not think about it in the same way, right? So, every time you go to the grocery store, you're cashing. And every time you put that thing in your pantry or wherever, that's essentially the same idea. So, all you're doing in the digital space is the same type of thing. So, that's one of the key aspects of it, is just understanding that. Another key aspect of cashing is the idea of invalidation, right? So, this is the act of expiring some sort of cash resource, right? And we all experience this in real life as well, right? So, we buy milk, it has some sort of use-buy date, maybe it's a, you know, you go to the store and you get the use-buy, or the sell-buy, or the best if sold, or was it best if used-buy. All right, well, and then the actual expiration date, right? But, those are kind of just rough dates, right? Like, they're not hard and fast. And so, it's kind of like the milk, you know, you get it. It depends on whether you store it in the door or in the back of the fridge, how many times you open that door, whether somebody actually left it out.  So, you know, so we kind of run into these situations like, well, how do you tell if milk is bad? Well, you know, you can use the baking soda method and put the baking soda on a plate and dump the milk on there. And if it interacts, then it's no good. If you put it in the microwave and you heat it up and it becomes something other than liquid, it's no good. You know, we have all these kind of interesting things you can do to figure out whether milk is bad. Same thing happens with the digital space, right? So we have this data, and ideally, that data is still valid. It may not be valid, you know, after some event takes place. Maybe some remote sources updated your Twitter account, or maybe you've updated a post, or somebody commented on that post. And all of these things could potentially expire your data, but it just depends on kind of what's going on and how your data interacts with the rest of the world, right? So a lot of times it's standard to put some sort of expiration date on it, but that date could be valid. It could have long expired based off of some data change or whatnot. So we have to just be careful about invalidating things when maybe they are still good for another week. You never know, right? So, and then we have cache busting, which is another thing we hear a lot when we hear caching, right? So cache busting is basically forcing a cache to load a new resource. In this case, that's the act of throwing the milk out, and let's go buy some more. And so, getting to actual code here. One way that you'll probably see cache busting, particularly Gutenberg does this. So if you're enqueuing some sort of style or script in WordPress, you give it a handle, and then you give it a URL where that resource can be found, and you also define any dependencies. In this case, there's an empty array for that. And then you have some sort of cache busting. This is usually a version number. So every time WordPress updates all the scripts inside of WordPress, they get a new version number that corresponds to the version of WordPress, right? So every time you update WordPress, whatever the old versions of the scripts that released with that version of WordPress, those will get a new version when you update. And what that will do is it will automatically ensure that if you have these JavaScript files cached on a CDN or somewhere else, that those things will be flushed, essentially, or busted, because this new version number indicates that this is a different URL resource, right? It would depend a question mark version equals to the end of the URL, and that would force that resource to load a new one. So this is a common approach is to essentially have the... In a plugin, you'd use plugins URL. In a theme, you'd use style sheet URI or something like that. And then ultimately, for the version number, what we're doing here is just saying FileMTime, which is a PHP function. Let's check to see if the modified timestamp essentially associated with that file has changed. And if it has, let's use that as our version number. So that basically ensures that if you deploy a new version of said CSS file to the server, then that modification time would change, and then this would essentially have a new version number, and then that would ensure that the resource is loaded. So that's cache busting. So let's take a look at the general types of caching that there are. So in a very general sense, we have two things. We have one, which is the non-persistent cache. So this is basically where in a given page load, any resources that are requested within the context of loading that page, they are cached but only for that specific page load. So they're not persisted beyond that. And WordPress uses this, and we'll go into that a little bit more in a bit. Then we have persistent cache, which is basically where the data remains in the cache across page loads. This is more common and the kind of more ideal situation, but we'll explain kind of how those things come into play. So those are kind of the two general types, but we have a number of methods, and I'm not necessarily going to cover every single possible method, but kind of more the most common methods that you'll see when it comes to caching. So one of these is a CDN, right? So we've all heard of CDN, a content delivery network. Basically all of your files are stored in the cloud, and they're served from the location that's the closest. And so you can kind of set policies as to how those things, how long those files should stay in there, when they should expire and that kind of thing, and you can manually purge, and it kind of gives you some control over that. So that's just a tool that is commonly used. Most people don't necessarily think of it as caching per se, but ultimately you are temporarily storing images or JavaScript files or CSS files in a place, a location, server, closer to wherever your visitor is from, so you can serve them faster. So it's essentially a cache. So another one here is the browser cache, right? So everybody has to use a browser to navigate the web, so the content is stored essentially on that user's computer and managed by the browser itself. And the user can go in and flush the cache themselves, but generally there's cache headers and things when you make a request that indicate what things will be cached for how long and so on. So there's the browser cache. We also have the object cache. This is where essentially we have key value pairs. So typically we'll have some data that has a name and it is stored in memory or in some sort of persistent data store and then those things can be expired or forcibly invalidated based off of other use cases. So this would be... So the object cache would... There's a bunch of different ones like Redis or Memcache is another common one. Those typically by default operate off of the RAM associated with the server. So they're loaded into memory there, but they do have a limitation in that typically whatever machine you're running on has very limited resources. It only has so much RAM available. So I think a common configuration is somewhere around two megabytes of space for cached stuff. Correct. So that's on the server. So the browser cache is one of those things that you can send headers and ask for things to be cached, but ultimately user has to visit and it has to be cached on the machine and then it'll stay, I'm assuming it'll flush it. But yeah, so that's on the server. And then we also have page caching which is where we take an entire page and store the actual rendered HTML and put that into some sort of data store based off of typically the URL. And then in the event that some page is requested, it's going to basically shortcut the loading of WordPress and return the HTML unless that HTML is not available, then it would consider a miss and then allow it to go back through and WordPress would process as usual. So those are some of the common methods. Another one is fragment cache which is very similar to page caching except instead of caching an entire page, we're just getting a segment or a section of the page. So this is commonly done for things that may require a lot more processing. So if you think of, let's say you have an API that generates some sort of output that gets put out into some section of the page, you could cache just that portion and reduce the need to check that API as often. So getting to specifically the things that we can do in WordPress to kind of leverage some of these tools. Obviously some of these things are a little outside of our hands. I'm probably not going to go as much into, for example, sending proper cache headers and things to ensure that things get cached for a certain amount of time. A lot of plugins out there will just do that stuff for you and if you really want to know, you can figure all that out for yourself. But we're going to talk more from the aspect of creating a plugin. What does it look like to do caching? What are the different approaches? What are the ups and downsides of doing that? And what are the considerations? So this is a function that I created that basically has no caching involved at all. So as a good programmer, I prefix it with a vendor name, which I use WP Scholar. And the name of the function is get related posts. And obviously what it's going to do is it's going to get posts related to the post ID that you pass in. So we start out with a line of code there that says we have related posts as an array. It's an empty array. And down at the end, we're going to return whatever related posts we have or find. So all we're doing is we're taking a WP query, running some sort of query, which I've hidden because that's not the important part, right? Except the fact that we're returning IDs from this. So this query is going to return a query object or instance, which is going to have IDs as the post items. So we're basically just saying if the query has posts, then related posts is equal to an array of post IDs. So query arrow posts is going to be an array of nothing but IDs. And so those IDs represent the related posts. And we'll kind of explain in our, so toward the end of this presentation, the last segment is essentially different mindsets and things or things you need to think about when it comes to caching. But so this is our kind of what do you call it when you test and you have control? Yeah, this is our control group, right? So this is what it would look like if we did no caching and then we're going to kind of have different versions here that we take a look at. So the next version is essentially what I call runtime caching. So this idea of a non-persistent cache. So if we were to hit this function multiple times within the code on a single page load, then we would consistently get the same results every time without having to make the query over and over again. But that's all it's doing. The important thing here is to notice that caching is entirely dependent upon the information's passed in, right? So if you pass the same post ID in, you should always get the same data back. So a very common problem is someone who might be implementing something like this would just say static queries equals zero or something or just an array, right? I'm sorry. They would do like static related posts equals array, right? And then say run the query and whatever the result is set it to be that static variable. The problem is you pass in a different post ID. It's going to give you the old query, which would not be any good. So the idea here is that we have an array which represents the queries that have been run for a given post ID. And so we take our related posts. We check to see if the queries array has a post ID, what you call it, index. And then so if it does not, we'll actually run a query and set the post ID as the key and the query result as the value. And that way if we run multiple queries, each query just essentially gets stored in that array. And because we have a static variable, that will actually persist across function calls. So then we'll basically check to see if the item that we just set in the array has posts and if it does we'll fetch those posts and storage related posts and return that. So it gets a little bit interesting when we start dealing with that. But that's kind of a way that you would do it with runtime or non-persistent caching. And it works. So if you happen to have a very high traffic site and unreliable other options, this can work. So the next option here is transients. So transients are a common thing that people will use in WordPress. Essentially what happens with transients just in case you're not aware is if you have some sort of object caching like Redis or Memcache or things like that, calling getTransient and setTransient and all those functions will actually manipulate and work with your object caching that you set up. However, if there is no object caching set up then WordPress will actually store these things into the options table in your database and that is essentially how that will work. So a lot of plugins will use transients because they don't know what caching is set up and if no caching is set up they can leverage the WordPress database itself to store their information. So in this case, again we want to make sure that the post ID, whatever post ID we are requesting related posts for, we always get the same related posts back at least until the cache clears and we do it again, right? So in this case we're calling getTransient and we're doing wpscholarrelatedpost underscore and we're appending essentially the post ID to the end so we have some sort of unique key for our cache so we're naming our transient uniquely to the post ID itself. So there we have a query and if we don't have a query so in the case that the transient doesn't exist it's going to return false so query would be false and in that case if it's false we're going to run a query, do the same thing we have been doing fetching our related posts and in this case once we get our related posts we're going to call setTransient which is going to allow us to use that same cache key essentially so the same name with the post ID appended we're going to pass in our related posts and then we're going to pass in essentially how long it should be before that transient expires so in this case we're going to just cache this for five minutes so we're using the minute and seconds constant which provides multiplying that times five and just makes it easy to read and we're not putting some really big number in there that you have to then calculate. Say that again? True, that's what I get for trying to do it and hurry not actually fully running the code. Good point, yeah. So important thing is to make sure that you actually store the same information that you are fetching. But actually that's something I actually see a lot is where somebody will take information put it in transient, get it back and expect some very specific data structure which is not the data structure they passed in so it's a good thing to check for. So yeah, so transients. So that's a common thing that people use. Another option here is WP object cache the thing to note about the WP object cache which is actually a class but there's a set of functions that essentially manipulate work with that class for you. They're very similar to the set transient, get transient type functions. We have WP cache get, WP cache set, WP cache delete. So these functions are a little different in that they do not ever put information into the database. So if you have a caching system set up like Redis or Memcache then it will use that. If you do not then it essentially does nothing except for runtime caching. So this is where WordPress defaults in this case to a runtime or non-persistent cache. So that instance that we saw earlier where we were essentially doing that part ourselves and doing it with static variables and all of that WordPress will store all of the information that you cache if there is no cache just as a runtime in memory type thing. It stores it until the page load is done basically since it's non-persistent. It does, yeah. Because it was in memory for that particular runtime once that runtime for that page load is done whatever was in memory is gone. So, yeah, it really depends on what plugins are doing what and how cache is configured and whether it's... Well, maybe. Usually, yeah, we'll figure that out later, but yeah. Some of what we cover in the next section might be helpful, we'll see. So, yeah, so the WP object cache will use your persistent cache if it's there otherwise it falls back to your runtime cache. So in this case there's also a little bit more functionality as far as robustness, I should say, in how you can cache things beyond what transients can do. Well, I say that. It's just easier to use, I should say. So WP Cache Git allows you to pass in, for example, the post ID and then a group name which in this case would be WP Scholar-related posts. And so instead of having to concatenate and form my own cache key I can just pass in a unique value and then the name of the group and it will find exactly what I'm looking for. So it makes it a little easier to kind of group things. So this is how WordPress, for example, caches posts themselves. So normally when you load WordPress every call to Git post it would have to do a query to find that post and return it. Obviously, if we're using WP Cache Git and we don't have a persistent cache what's going to happen is WordPress somebody's going to call Git post in their code it's going to trigger WP Cache Git. And so essentially when they call Git post they typically pass in the post ID. So that's what they're doing in WordPress. They're passing in the post ID and then saying we have a group name of posts and that's essentially how it stores all that essentially in, I think of it as an array of information that would just be there until the end. It just needs to be unique. I don't think it necessarily needs to be an integer. Exactly. So yeah, I think the official variable names is... Well, I'd have to go look, but yeah, it could just be anything, I'm pretty sure. So yeah, so then again just like transients if there's nothing there then WP Cache Git will turn false and then you can run your query get your values and then call WP Cache set and pass in your stuff and make sure that you actually are passing in the thing you're getting back. And then you can set your expiration. With transients the interesting thing is if you set zero or don't set a expiration it will actually never expire. Just so you're aware it can be helpful in some cases but in other cases not so helpful. Generally I recommend that if you're caching something you should set some sort of expiration date on things. But yeah, so this is kind of the... another option, right? So there's evaluations to be made of which you should use but take a second and look at some of the considerations when it comes to caching. So there's things that a lot of people don't think about so I want to kind of expose these. So number one, you want to always assume that the cache is completely empty or broken. In other words, don't ever assume that you'll actually get what you're expecting back in your code. Always make sure that your code if it doesn't get the value it's expecting from the cache will go and run whatever it needs to get that information or data. So caching is an enhancement that provides better performance and along the same lines as this assuming that it's broken and you should always go back and get your data. You should never use a cache to add some sort of functionality to your application. You don't want to assume that the data's there and that makes something work differently in your application. You always want to make sure that if caching is unavailable, your stuff works. If caching is available, your stuff just works faster. So again, always set an expiration. You're more than likely at some point going to run into some edge case bug if you don't but also be aware that you don't want to cache more than is necessary because there are limits. I mentioned like some caching the two megabytes is kind of the default. So taking into consideration I want to cache a query results. So my example shows that we're caching just the IDs themselves as an array. So that seems like the minimalist information. I can always use getPost to get the post for each thing that I need. If I were to cache all of the actual post objects I wouldn't have to call getPost but at the same time my caching layer would have more information in there because now it's not just a number, it's a number, it's a post slug, it's probably a lot of other things I don't need or won't really use and if I were just to call getPost for the thing I need, it's very possible that somebody else has already done it.  You could do it either way. I mean if you know exactly what you need then I would say if you put it in the cache and it's not huge bits of information it's a good option. But if for example you don't know or your application changes it's probably more flexible to store the ID, get the post from that ID and then use whatever you need from it. And the nice thing is if you have a post object that you get after the fact you also have virtual properties and things that allow you to get meta and all that fun stuff. So be aware of the limits and think through how that works. Definitely don't cache the entire query because there's a lot more than just the posts themselves in there as well. Always make sure you test your application with caching on and off. That will help you catch any bugs related to the actual caching of things and don't cache sensitive data. Interestingly, if you made the rookie mistake of caching the entire query what a lot of people don't realize is that the WP query object or an instance of WP query actually contains a reference to an instance of WPDB which contains your username and password for your database. So every time you cache a query in WordPress you are caching your database login information as well. So it introduces an additional security concern which you want to make sure that you're careful. So again, only caching exactly what you need is an easy way to avoid that because you know exactly what's being cached. So it's an easy mistake to make. And ultimately a lot of engineers don't even realize that. So that one I want to highlight for you. So there are... Well, it really depends I guess what caching you're using. So for example, I use local by flywheel for my local development environment and it automatically has Redis available but not active. So there's a plug-in called Redis WP something or other WP Redis I think and you put that in and it will automatically once you hit enable turn the cache on. And so then if you have something like query monitor plug-in, it will actually tell you when something was a hit or miss on the cache. So then you can actually load up a page, see, physically see something that says yes, this hit the object cache or the object cache is in use or the object cache is not working or whatever the case may be. So you know it's on or you know it's off and that way you can test to see that. Who knows? Well, that's more of a testing thing, right? So I've had situations too where let's say... So you get a plug-in or something where you've got lots of things that are being cached, maybe a little too much and what I've seen happen is so you have a caching layer or something you've got a host that's got a nice memcache layer going on and then I've seen situations where for whatever reason that memcache layer just nope, we're not working anymore. So now all that information, that too much information, which was kind of... the cache was not being extremely valuable in the first place because it was exceeding the limits and then just pushing old stuff out faster than it was supposed to. When it actually ever reached the expiration date it just got forced out and new things got pushed in and so maybe like 25% of all requests were actually cached in some way and then when the caching layer went down all of those things went into the database and so now we have hundreds of thousands of extra lines in the database and so now because someone forgot to put an index on the autoload column in the database now the site is just slowing to a crawl so there's all kinds of interesting bugs and things that can happen related to caching there's definitely not one size fits all it depends on the caching it depends on how the caching is being used it depends on what's being cached depends on how much is being cached and all that so yeah, there's a lot of possibility in that arena right, yeah I think transients is a good option for something that's publicly released as long as it's used appropriately, yeah, judiciously, yeah so I think that there's definitely a use case for if you have a plugin that needs to potentially optimize lots of things there's kind of that top layer of things where it's like okay, these are super heavy requests and maybe I'm going to use getTransient for these and they're not going to overload things too much and then there's kind of this next layer of stuff where it's like if I cached all of this and there was no caching layer I would just slow the site down to a crawl I might use persisting or non-persistent caching for some of that especially if it's things that are less likely to be called that kind of thing but maybe if they are called a lot within that runtime so yeah, I think it's definitely being aware of what your application is doing how it's doing it and all of that so yeah, and then caching is one of those things where it's kind of a balancing act so it's kind of trying to find that fine line between performance and actually having fresh data so it's things like let's say Twitter count is an easy use case right so you want to make sure that the number of times somebody shared this particular post on Twitter is accurate but at the same time you don't want to hit the Twitter API all the time to try to figure that out and so of course there's JavaScript things but let's assume that we're doing this on our own in PHP or something so we can make the request to the API and fetch that data and then we can cache it do we cache it for an hour or do we cache it for a day the day may be too much but then again it depends on how often people share your stuff so it's kind of one of those things where if I write a plugin to do it and I say hit it every 5 minutes or 30 minutes or hour or something like that it might even be too much for some people because their stuff they only care about it once a day so being aware that there's kind of this balancing act and sometimes it really depends on the user as to how that will pan out so sometimes it makes sense to actually give the user some control over how often or how long I should say things are cached so these are some resources all of these slides are up on Twitter at the moment I also do this interesting thing where I have a QR code or you can go to the link there and get to it as well but yeah so that's that's caching in general there's like I said a lot to it so if there's questions I think we kind of went through some questions as we go but if we have more questions I forget what time do we have to what time 2.45 gotcha so we have some time we can chat try yeah yeah I haven't used WP rocket but I've heard a lot of good things about it so and there's actually some of the web hosts can actually do that for you and one thing that I try to do is limit the plugins they install and try to see if I can get some sort of external service to do some of that and some of those tools can be things like Cloudflare can actually do some of the page caching for you but I know certain web hosts actually will set it up to where they have reverse proxy caching servers and all that kind of good stuff so maybe worth looking into whether your host does and other of course WordPress specific hosts they actually have their own caching plugins and things and if you run your own stuff next to what they've got it sometimes can even cause issues so yeah exactly yeah but the other thing to be aware of too is that a lot of times plugins do things like page caching full page caching they do not take into consideration things like dynamic functionality that may live on a page so if you have a membership site or something where you're trying to show specific users specific information based off of who they are or what they've done then that won't work I've actually misconfigured Cloudflare one time and so everybody that came to my site saw the WP admin bar with my picture in the corner not that they could actually you know go anywhere with that cause they're not actually logged in but the page response had the actual HTML and JavaScript and everything for that so they could find the links and try to go places they wouldn't get in so right so that's where it gets to be important to figure out how you whitelist things and what URL parameters maybe you should take into consideration for ignoring all of that so e-commerce and all those things can be interesting say that last part again right question for the video so it's a very short question so basically the question was if you're doing some sort of Ajax front end request as opposed to initiating the request from the back end is there a difference in caching ultimately I think if you have caching happening in PHP it shouldn't matter one way or the other there are I know for example when it comes to things like page caching there are some things that is commonly used to again bust the cache for certain users who might be doing a e-commerce checkout or log in as some sort of member to membership site actually looking at the cookie responses and detecting certain WordPress cookies and things is a common way to kind of bust the cache so yeah there's a lot of a lot of different ways that it can be done but as far as the front end you can actually leverage the browser as a cache for Ajax request so if you're making multiple requests potentially you know if your application may or may not know that a request has already been made then that's a problem because you know you could potentially make multiple requests for the exact same information which has not changed so you can actually leverage things like local storage in the browser and write JavaScript that will essentially make a request store it in local storage and then when it makes a request check local storage first and then you know if it's not there then call call the back end um you're totally on your own for cache priming so yeah um yeah but yeah that's another thing a whole other topic too is the idea of cache priming or cache warming so essentially just think about the fact that you know if something is cached let's say it's a full page cache for example if a full page has already been cached for a static site or whatever then somebody hits that it's going to serve that page up really quick um problem is that when that page expires in the cache then well the next person that lands on that is going to have to wait until the server does all its stuff and it's going to be a little slower um but if the um the server is aware of when those things expire and it automatically visits that page before another user does then it gets cached again and it wasn't a user who's sitting around waiting for that page to load so it's kind of the idea of cache warming right uh is that you um that you can actually have a fake request request made by the server or some other technology that will essentially prime that cache for the next person who hits it so a lot of times when it comes to things like object caching if you've cached a WP query instance and you know for example that if someone updates the posts in the admin you're going to have to expire that you might as well go ahead and take the updated version and put it into the cache for them so it's already there for the next call so by putting that uh that extra load time in the admin for the person who made the update then all the other users on the front end will never experience it away so yeah definitely don't don't cache WP query objects um mainly because it's just the sheer uh size as well as sensitivity of actually what's in there um but for example like if you make an API request to Twitter and they just give you a JSON object you know caching that JSON object uh works uh too like you may even consider other options when it comes to caching uh so WordPress obviously provides certain tools but that doesn't mean that those are the only tools that are available um let's say you hit an API and this API has enormously large responses and you don't know what you're going to use out of that but you don't really have to make that many calls to it but it doesn't make sense to store it in the database or anywhere else you can actually just store it in a file uh in the uploads directory for a folder for your plugin or something uh and then you know based off the naming of the file structure you could use that for caching and then you could have some functionality that would clear it uh when it makes new requests or something like that uh and so there's a lot more that you can do beyond what WordPress provides um and there's obviously a lot of other technology that I probably don't even know about so uh uh but yeah so it's being aware of how it works and just kind of some of the options that are available that WordPress provides as well as being creative I guess uh any other questions comments things I didn't cover or may not know about cool so yeah for the video uh plugin called WP cache or rest cache um yeah which will basically um allow you to set headers and different things for filter gotcha so still gonna have the code figuring out some of the headers and whatnot um so I guess in some cases you may want to cache certain rest API calls in other cases you may not want to depending on the data but yeah yeah and again for the video uh uh yeah so there is the uh in the Gutenberg project which uh all the packages they have in there they're they're on NPM for the WordPress organization and they get put into WordPress core uh and they're there now um so there's the data package uh WP data which allow you to it's essentially a wrapper around the redux uh data store uh with some customizations by WordPress itself uh to allow you to actually create your own uh inside of the data store that they have um so yeah have for javascript applications it's really good for uh managing global state so if you make multiple requests you can essentially you know uh create an array inside your data store where you know the key is maybe the ID or whatever of the thing you requested and the response is uh the value um so uh some people make the mistake of trying to nest data in javascript data stores um keeping flat structure makes it a whole lot easier to work with um but there are also some javascript packages which will um uh if you're using like a normal just plain redux store doing some react stuff they have packages that kind of wrap the redux uh data store and automatically handle uh persisting things to the local uh browser cache or browser uh local storage so um there's a lot of interesting projects and things out there that'll make it a lot easier um only downside to local storage is if uh user opens an incognito window or a different browser then none of that's there but as long as they use the same browser uh you're good what's that or yeah they could flush it I guess cool well I guess that's uh that's it for me appreciate it


What kind of nonsense Mwebantu is this in Ngafueniko? Namuishwa, I'm going to ask you people to support me. I want to sue this institution. If you have enough, you're now caught. Avanto bako ita meishi, I've been told na kuchiyenge since morning ta kuriaga ma light. So, fishwa, let's waiva. Inbiyunfumia kwa ma glass. Namuila, ishile, mona na wuino. Mwunje leleko, kus I couldn't even see what I was typing. This is unacceptable. It's unacceptable. Sorry people, now I'll change the caption. Eh, imuishwa. I don't think even yunanguatimoku tu tukanga tu alanda. I don't think we used to have this kind of low shading. From 6, more than 6 hours, 12 hours low shading. Fileshia kuriag filimuriya. Please join me as we sued Zesko for the damages to our food and our electronics. Ah ah. Shivele shichi. In other countries, they can never allow you to do this. Since morning no power. Since morning up to now. Those who can believe in what I'm saying, please join me. I'll be seeing my state council, my lawyer is a state council. I'm starting the process of suing Zesko. We cannot be denied of our constitutional rights. Water is my right. It's my right I should have water and I should access water. The government itself cannot give me water through the council.  A boho now the water is finished in the tank. Do they expect everyone to have solar powers or whatever? Do they expect everyone to own a genset? A genset. If we don't have a genset, we won't. Ah ah. We are Henry Kapata. Please stop giving us stories of mambakolaris. It has been closed, it has been shut down. It's because we've heard of those stories for too long. Can't you use your initiative? Every day we wake up is to stories. People with small saloons, they can't even work. People with the world in businesses or whatever. These who have small boho trees, who are trying to survive in a manashivola, in a masabinaiabola. How do you switch off? How do you switch off? How do you switch off electricity? Or power? Since morning? I want to talk about it. I want to talk about it. I want to talk about it. I want to talk about it. Zambians, I think, I'm sorry to say this. We are so docile. Let's be like our colleagues in some countries. This is our right. Somebody cannot switch off electricity since morning. And we don't sue them for all the damages that they've caused to us. How are we? Can you follow my glass in Benengiku? I'm not happy at all. I think I'm going to be the first Zambian to sue Zesko. We have Zesko which cannot provide a service. Why having them in the first place? Yes, they lied. I agree with you. Six hours.  There was no power. Just after six. There has not been power in Chamba. Even right now, I called their call centre. A lady was there telling me, no, the power is trying to stabilize. Stabilize with what? And I even asked her, what do you mean stabilize? Stabilize like what? At least you are saying nine hours. But for us, since morning. Please, Zambians, let's rise to watch the sue for Zesko. To feel like watching the sue. This cannot go on. Vala velela. Apabash miyama lait. Na kusyoma yanda mumbi. Mubi mubi, na nabakua tefima, Jen said, see, wawa wawa, that's their life. It doesn't mean when you are a politician, you can have the same life every once in a while. It's not just right. Can you imagine wawa wawa into wawa? I don't know. Fifteen hours I caught. I didn't have much money. This is 15 hours. I don't know. We are waiting for power to stabilize. Mwae bari mulusa, kanabari kukitu, nabari kuchiyenge. Join me to petition ababa Zesko. They have to pay us. They have to pay us. If ya kudia filia on awka, elonawadez na ekonomi isu pile. Muntua shita, rishita, kudia bare kongueshengoko, baku kongueshengoko, kuchidi fote, ualonga chinalatu, tila pakankafikemu machi. Elonmuntua na shmiyama laichi, koko shambi okubola, tuwala ocha shonsi. Isabi wari, wari shita, kubaku pere, kwa baku kumbala, buga fish. Yonsa tupare tuoche. Is that fair, honestly? Is totally unacceptable mwae bantu baku aresa. Eh? Kenyana papa sana mwe? Mwsheba nilanda, mwshefwa baku embapati muna ni kani, mwshanyumu. Eh? Nomba nilanda apans, atmumu, muitati mwshanyumu. Atmumu, muiupi pf tuwale nilanda poso. No, don't say that. This is unacceptable. Eh? Amma foni nomba kula chaja, mumi otoka. Hala. This is just something, it's weird actually. Eh? It's weird, very weird. Kata kachelo mwebantu. Tulelo lelama lits. I salon vo wei ni vasipu dosasiait steku papata mwebantu. Can't they help us? Agatu ambu okulanda, fweba politisha ni atchu ebita. Vasipu dosasiait wale pangetungu. Wee, wee, wee, wee, wee, wee, wee, wee, wee, wee. Ino ishta baku airi, ruba, I think wen na noka tumagensetuba, nama sola powers baku ari. If there were just like normal zambians like myself apart from being a member of pariament, Inu ishtangana vambokulanda. Uko kusakiri okat from zero three up to 16 hours. In the meantime, listen Zambians. In the meantime, in the meantime, na bachita bachita export tamalaiti. Are you aware that tamalaiti nabachita export kuna mibia na kuu I think na kuu zimbabwe obotswana, but na mibia 100% sure. How do you export avantu alaiti ulamu zambia na tabakwete? Kuchu amukulisha wa neighbor. Nya baibo iralanda ukweba hati. The one who cannot provide for his immediate family is Western, a pagan. How do I go to give food to my neighbors when inepanon jipalwandri ishkuwe tefi aku liaban na tabadia tiyo after over a neighbor kesa ampela 50 million. What is 50 million US dollars? However, if you cannot provide for his immediate family rekan na nukulanda. It's just too much. At Kavirila selling to our neighboring countries can you imagine somebody proudly further the house our neighbor eri densa na nukusam yasukat in the erishambareba neighbor. Pantunishi. This is just wrong. This is just wrong. This is just wrong. It's about time mubambe ku tupe la ma la it. Eri ukule kere shako tufui lefe wonse wonse tulembe, tuchite su. Amma rights mu nubari tuniantiri lasan. Amma namesu kukiniya. Such nonsense, they cannot take it. They can't. Tu ala lemba wonse. I'm taking inepalwandri, I'm suing vasesku. I don't care. Eri ukumonoyo kaya landati. This is being thrown out. Tua kula mipe pelanon. Bafi amma dangerous prayers. We are tired. We cannot be slaves in our own country. This is too much. Since morning. Eh? Since morning, sure. This is 1843. 1843. We're still waiting for power. If ya akudia mune tupe la mune upset actually. Echuna chika dira mule mu afi. Tere mune pachinsovantri taban. Mune mune mune atini nebo ishrem kulanda. There is no way. There is no way. They can be exporting, ahmalajnogusatu imbina mati aktwa isi naikale contract. iu mili there is no bridge of contract. Can't they just cancel that contract? Until we are saved. Which contract is equivocable in this nation? Or in this world? Every contract is born to be bridge. And every, every contract is born to be revoked. You can revoke it. Looking at the circumstance. You cannot use your initiative to give us power when things fail. Why didn't you even advise the current government, the government of UPND to say you cannot export power, we don't have enough. People are paying through their nose, in fact let me take this opportunity.  Nanda pande landa amalaiti na yashima. Haa! Eo na imo mma zambians, udyo mwen sumuwa kuwata muleke. Umuntunga landa, this is your right, this is your right. Tia nukuz desu koku liya, batu peri amalaiti. Tia nukuz desu koku wewa tiii, 7000 tuwakabarea tulipira. Iwishin liya din ishteyu ndechita plainganari kana. And I was going to demand, bampera amalaiti kuwabla 7000. 7000 kuwacha. Connection fee. Zambians are quiet. Are waiting for opposition to speak. Those who are in ruling party, they will never say a word. Because they are sent there just to defend their political whatever. And I wonder honestly na wene nabene insuwa. Bei e kalashan. Bene amalaiti na wakwata. Oh wene insu dim, because you never know. Tufo nashama political parties. I'm pretty sure wene nabakwa tefima. Ifima genset na efima solar powers fira. This is unacceptable. Mr. Henry Kapata, you're the only one I can talk to because you're the only person that I see on the television telling the nation what is going on. Go tell your boss and your board of directors, this is unacceptable. That's a nonsense. We cannot be treated like slaves in our own country. You are denying us our rights. Since morning sure. Tuwala moku isuwa pomuikala. Tuwakulaisa papein tuwa packinga pamosha. Tuisilem kuchisefia kufuala. I had a meeting, had to wear this dress which was not even appropriate. I was supposed to be in a suit. Tuwala ndakwa tireto umunotu ye. A-a-a. I amalaiti. I don't want to wear that. Where is Tisha malaiti? Mulekoku Tisha malaiti kuna mibia. Na kukumbiuko. To pray for Amalaiti muzamia. A-a-a. Tuwana kana imuemuia. A-a-a. Amalaiti uchua beli iti na nukulanda. Beli iti na fiii. Amalaiti ena wa henuikapata. Weven niwa tuwa Tisha malaiti. Nji kala kuchamba vali. Mupepin nwa bumani lu sambu. Weven niwa anga Tisha malaiti. Mui kale kabantuwa kendefilefia hendele maia uchika moneka. Pansambuisha wu. Every day inkama Amalaiti weka la donrad people are happy. We are not happy. Not at all.