So welcome to our session at work inclusion in companies has come a long way and has been quite successful in many countries, at least in countries of the good old West. And the long way may be a little shorter than we think it's only been 10 years since the first event on this topic took place in Davos in 214 back then as an unofficial site event in the Microsoft Pavillon. And the day before yesterday I had the pleasure of attending a truly wonderful event that took place only for the second time in the history of Davos. The LGBTQ leaders dinner, which was incredibly inspiring and heartwarming and totally off the record. So, and Sander, I made his clothes this Sander was there. And he has been at the first meeting here in Davos 10 years ago. And he's one of the most active global leaders. When it comes to inclusion, he spent many years at Accenture and now is the CEO of Randstad, the Dutch multinational human resource consulting firm represented in 40 countries. Welcome. Thank you. And today inclusion is an important part, not only of Davos with many initiatives and events inclusions also lived best practice in many countries. This is due to the tireless work of activist icons like Sarah, who is here. She's the president and CEO of glad the famous US media advocacy organization Sarah turned the former Hollywood watchdog into cultural cultural change agent. And she just, I think two days ago received I saw you on TV. An Emmy. Big stage for her work the governance awards or congrats again. Thank you. And welcome. And other reason why inclusion is taken more seriously than error is cold economic calculation. Inclusive companies are more successful. They are better rated by shareholders. Nobody can explain this better than Martina. Chung she's the president of S and P global ratings, the largest credit rating agency one come. And inclusion is another economic aspect. One of the scarce is resources for companies worldwide is outstanding employees firms are competing for talent. They cannot afford not to have a clear includes inclusion strategy and Milton Chang is someone who is searching for talent worldwide. He's the global chair of Baker MacKenzie, one of the largest international law firms with more than hope that's correct. More than 70 offices. Yes, in 50 countries. Almost 50 countries. And Milton was born in Singapore, which I love. And has his head is forming years in the early years in the UK and is based in Hong Kong. So welcome. And I'm Jochen Bickner. I'm the editor in chief of the site. So the digital editor in chief of the site, a major German news organization. So I'm German. And I'm not an inclusion expert. So please be kind and inclusive. Right. And Sundar, since you have pursued inclusion, not only as an employer, but also as a key speaker for so long. I was wondering how has the attitude of companies changed over the last, let's say, 10 years and how has working life changed for the community? I would say we've made tremendous progress. We've made tremendous progress.  You know, that has been accompanied by progress in all the companies that are represented here. So if you just look at the HRC list of the top 100 companies, I mean, you see all the big names there. You see Microsoft. You see the Bank of America. You see JP Morgan. You see Randstadt, of course. And all those companies have made tremendous, tremendous progress. All those companies have ERGs and they have the policies, et cetera. So I think we've come a long way in sort of our little bubble, if you will. I think outside, our big bubble, maybe. There's a better way of saying it because it's significant. Outside sort of this, you know, the Fortune 1000, I think there is a lot more work to do. But what you do see because, you know, we have these leading companies leading the way that has a halo effect on sort of the category of companies that are sort of a bit smaller than that. So great progress. A lot of work to do still. Okay. So Sarah, the public debate in the US especially seems to have changed in recent years. So there was a ruling on affirmative action US. There's this war on woke and the Republicans trying to push an anti-ISG agenda. And there's quite a while debate and even Elon Musk jumped into the topic just recently on Twitter. So how do you view the last years? I think we have made tremendous progress, like Sanders said, and what we're seeing is tremendous pushback and backlash against that progress. So specifically in the United States, we've seen over 500 anti-LGBTQ bills proposed over the past year, about 80 of them became law. And we saw them ranging from banning books to banning kids on sports teams to banning medical help and care for kids and adults. And so I think what we're seeing too is that these bans are targeting our community in a political environment and not looking at us as humans but looking at us as political pawns. I think also globally it's still illegal to be LGBTQ in nearly 70 countries. And so that's a battleground that we have been really having a discussion about here at the World Economic Forum because we know that countries and societies that are accepting and inclusive actually do much better financially. Okay. So Milton, since this is the World Economic Forum, I wanted to address another point right from the start. The situation in different countries obviously is completely different as is the way inclusion is practiced. Can you describe this with your global perspective? How much progress is there really on a global level? How different is it? How do you navigate this as a global company? I'm happy to do that. First of all, thank you for inviting me and happy to share at least a little bit of our own experience. Well, first of all, as you say, Bacon McKenzie is very diverse. We are across all four main continents in almost 50 countries. So we've more than 12,000 people, more nationalities and cultures than you can think of. And so it's foundational for us that we have a team, have a philosophy and approach that is not just multicultural, multi-dimensional, accepting everyone for whatever their personal characteristics. And this is something which is not easy to navigate for us as a firm. As Sarah says, there are countries that we operate in where it's illegal in the societal norms that are difficult to navigate, and there are other countries that are more accepting and inclusive. So what we've done is to apply what we call an advocates and embassies approach. So in those markets or countries where it's more accepting of LGBTQ, we do what we can to publicly be part of the advocacy for it. And then this takes place in different ways, in different countries, in different market contexts, in cultural contexts. But our team members, wherever they are in the world, do so knowing that they are the full support of the leadership and the firm. And indeed, our default position is its advocate. But we do recognize that many countries where this could be problematic. And for me, the number one priority is still the safety and security of our people. So we do the embassy approach, which is that whatever may be going on around outside when you're in Baker, Mackenzie, you have a safe space to be your authentic self. And within that safe space, we do internal, sometimes involving our clients or other members of the community as well, who face the same issue. We do events, we do things to keep the momentum going. And then we wait and hope. We advocate indirectly where we can. And when things allow us to be more open, we would be. So that's how we try and balance that. We will come back to best practice later. So we have to collect the list later of best practice. Martina, everyone today is familiar with these acronyms like CSR, ESG, DI, DNI. But how important are inclusion and diversity really in the business for business success? What is your elaborate evidence based expert view on this? Can you share some numbers? Yes, I was going to start to your point by saying, get ready. Hold on to your seats. We're going to throw some numbers at you. So look, my hypothesis on this is this community is good for business. And why do I say that? Think about any CEO are all going to be thinking about at least three stakeholder groups. First is a customer. The LGBTQI plus community globally, according to a number of studies, it was just featured in a recent Weff report is larger than the GDP of Germany. So this is a huge community to serve and to do business with. Secondly, we looked at a recent study from KPMG that shows around one in three U.S. consumers take social responsibility into account and their purchases. So make no mistake about it. This is important for our customers. Second stakeholder group. Let's talk about investors. Let's talk about any other funding sources, whether it's banks, et cetera. We've looked at a number of studies. One that we thought was very interesting is a credit suite study that highlighted the companies that have openly LGBTQ plus. I'm going to get the it's so long. I'll get it wrong. Maybe I'll say community companies that have open community leadership perform better than global stock benchmarks on market cap on cash flow on a number of other financial metrics. But the other thing that's very interesting as well as every CEO needs to think about funding where it's going to confirm to you to have the private markets, the public markets, et cetera. And this is very important because you can tap into specific investment themes around sustainability. We've all been very familiar with this in the last many years. It's such a key topic globally and at Weff in particular as well. This is a great opportunity for highlighting the work that's being done and using that to tap into some of these additional funding sources.  So the Marshall Planon recently published a report that said about 70% of the global workforce will be millennials and Gen Z by 2029. That's up from 52% in 2019. And this community is highlighted as one of the more important aspects of DEI amongst this population. So the Gen Z and millennial workforce places a much higher emphasis on this. So if you want the most innovative, the best talent, if you want to build great pipelines, this is incredibly important, not just for your LGBTQI plus colleagues but for the whole base of colleagues that you work within your companies. So I weave all these things together and I think I can say with great confidence that this is just good business and it's a very important topic. Sorry if I can just add one little data point to that is we've just launched some research of our own called Work Monitor. And we have there, we call it the assertive one-third. And the assertive one-third of people says I'm not taking a job or I'm even prepared to quit from a job if. And one of the big ifs is there and this is not just LGBT if I don't feel belonging in the company that I or the organization that I work for. So this is big. Can we make the list now? Can we kind of collect all of you? Can you recommend things? What makes companies inclusive? What are the do's? What are the don'ts? You start. I'll just give one. I can give a whole no. I have a list here. I'll give one and I would say it's a tone from the top. It is the tone that the leadership in the company is setting and it's not just on LGBTQ it is on the whole. We want to be a place that is good to work for everybody, no matter what your background is. And that's who we are. And that's the tone. And I would say it is the showing up matters. Yes. So if there is an LGBTQ event, if the CEO shows up, even if it's only for 10 minutes. That is highly appreciated and a massive signal. So the tone from the top combined with showing up at the right time. If you are a CEO, for example, should you be outspoken and public about these things? Let's say I think you should be outspoken. Every CEO and most of the CEOs I know are outspoken about you. We want to be a good place to work for everybody. I think that is the number one message. Every CEO should decide for themselves whether they want to go out on more controversial issues. That is more and more expected by the workforce. At the same time, I always say on those issues, you have to have also to a right to speak. You have to have some relevance in the zone. Let's say the whole issue of trans kids and all of that. I don't think we have a right to speak there. I mean, personally, I'm all supportive. But I don't think as a runs that we have a right to speak. When it is about equality in the workplace, we do have a right to speak and we speak out. So that's sort of the rule of thumb that I'm using. Check, Sarah. I think I always have people look at it in two ways, especially CEOs. One is what's going on inside internally and then the external, which you were just asking about. And it does start with the top, but it goes through everything. It's supply chain. If you're taking a inclusive and diverse look at your workplace and what your policies are, what your health care policies are, what your parental leave policies are, who's your supply chain, is that diverse? So you really have to take a holistic view of this. And the reason is because if you just half do it and do it in half measures, it will fall apart and that will be worse than not doing it at all, quite frankly. And then on the outspoken side, on using your public platforms, I think there's a tremendous pressure around CEOs today to use their public platforms across many, many issues, especially in the United States.  And so topics that you might not be very comfortable on are going to come to your doorstep. And how you partner with civil society is a really important factor in this too. Speaking to the people who are on the front lines of myself or on the women's movement or whatever on climate, on being climate forward, speaking to those advocates who are on the front lines and fighting the fight so that you have a really nuanced understanding of what is happening out there before you speak out. And I will say, my number one, if nothing else, if you make a decision to speak out and you've gone up and down the ladder in your workplace, stick to what you say. Don't back down, unless it's about murdering people. But if it's a good thing and it's good for society and good for humanity, it is the CEOs who backtrack, who end up in the headlines. So that would be my one little secret is that really stick with what you do and surround yourself with civil society and other coalition partners. You're not in this alone. That's a really important factor. Companies need to come together. It is a human advantage to speak out together, not a competitive advantage. We have to stop looking at it as a competitive advantage at some level. Martina. Yeah, so I can't help myself. I'm going to throw another number out there. So we, as a data and analytics company, we analyze quite a bit around corporate sustainability and produce metrics around it. So for the universe companies that we cover about 17,000 and our 2023 analysis, about 24% of them mention LGBTQI plus in some way in their corporate sustainability reports, which is, I want to say, is actually great because it's up from about 19% in the prior years. So really good progress being made. Interestingly, the three leading countries, USA, Brazil and Ireland, I'm Irish, so I'm very proud to see that. And I think we will continue to see more of this and it highlights one of the areas that I would have said is the best practice, which is visible commitment, visible commitment to take advantage of all of the underlying drivers of value that I just mentioned in my first response. The second thing I would say just to share a fun anecdote. So we now have a supplier diversity program leader within S&P Global and our pride employee resource group is a very lively and dynamic team. So our program manager for supplier diversity in tracking our supplier diversity noticed that LGBTQI plus was lagging some of the other diverse groups that they track in our corporate center and is now actually working with our pride group to get more suggestions and alternative diverse suppliers within the community, which I thought was very neat, very innovative, and such a great way to show how the employees can come together around this. Okay, Trek. It's always a challenge to go in last. So I agree with and endorse all of the comments made so far. Leadership commitment absolutely needs to be there. Visible leadership commitment. Working with, you know, again, the humility to know that, you know, you're best doing this together with experts like Sarah or others. Understand the new ones and the different markets we operate in. Tracking. We can do all the talk you want. You have to walk the walk. You have to track it. People are accountable. One other thing I would add is that, you know, certainly at the Bacon McKenzie, we encourage this is to your point, Sarah, about doing this together. If you want to change culture, you need to win over the allies as well. And promoting from the top through the bottom left, right, all around. This is everybody's endeavor. And that's the way we drive the culture change that's needed. And particularly in a very complex diverse environment that we have at Bacon McKenzie, then you don't have a sort of one size solution from the center that everybody applies. Because they all look out for each other in all the different parts of the world, all the different cultures, there is that sense, there is that culture of belonging and mutual support. I have a checklist here with eight points. You mentioned nearly all of them, but one is three are missing. So what about policies? Yes. So I'm using your list, by the way, you gave me... Yeah, you're the expert. What about policies? So if you have partners and they have benefits and stuff like that, it's different from country to country, right? But it's a super important point, I think, number two on our list. I could not agree more, having the right technicalities in place, the policies, the same sex benefits, that whole framework. A, it's important because it matters to individual people, but B, it sends out an enormously important signal. So yeah. Check. What about education? So educate unconscious bias training, stuff like that. Is that an important point? Definitely an important point. I think that's covered in sort of doing an audit of your internal and how are you from an HR perspective, from a policy perspective, all of those things within your internal, like taking care of your own house and making sure that yes, you do have that in place and that you're educating and growing your team, but that should be one-on-one. And that's one last point I'm not sure about because I have different signals, which is do we need pros managing inclusion? Is there a job like an inclusion manager? Is it necessary or is it strange to have that or is it super important for a large company to have that? I can certainly give a point of view. I think it's been incredibly important at S&P Global and we've benefited tremendously from it. As important, though, I think is the employee resource group piece of it. I work very closely with the pride group, the Women's Group at S&P, and that's where you get the grassroots and you get a lot of ideas, a lot of communication feedback back up to senior management on other things that can be done. I want to bring to that the reason it's so important is because you're talking about typically marginalized folks within an organization, within a construct, right? That don't typically have a seat at the table and don't have a voice to advocate for themselves. So having that person who can articulate and can have a seat at the table. So I always say it's really important and it's very telling in a company where a chief diversity officer reports into. And that tells you how important the top thinks that is. Is it checking a box as you're saying this whole time, right? Or is it so that you're making and building a company that is thinking about business forward and knows that inclusion is a path forward? Can I just add one thing there? The role is important, whether you need one or multiple that depends on the size of your company, but you cannot outsource responsibility. You cannot say we now have Sarah and she's going to take care of that and you cannot delegate that. So yes, we need people to help drive the agenda, but ultimately it's senior leadership that needs to be responsible and held accountable for the progress you make throughout the company. Yeah, 100% agree with everything. Sending a signal, but also we have a CIDU and she's there not only to report into our Global Executive Committee and keep us aware of what we need to do specifically on whether it's LGBTQI plus inclusion or inclusion more generally, but also helping us to shape our strategy. As you say Joakim, we are a people business. How we position ourselves, not just externally to the market, but internally in terms of our training, our development, making sure that no one is overlooked is really important. It's part of our people asset management strategy. So if there's a global competition for the best talents, you touched that point before, but is there a need for kind of a marketing strategy for you? So are you like strategically communicating into the community or not? I don't think it's a PR campaign as such. I think, look, certainly in this space, people know if you're authentic or not. You can have the best, you know, all that. If you're track record as, you know, as I'm sure S&P would keep us on our toes, right? If you're track record doesn't show it, it doesn't show it. You can say all of the nicest things, but if you're not one that's actually willing to listen and commit to it, I think as you say, it actually backfires. You know, you can backtrack on things and that's bad for you. You can say things and people know you're not genuine and that's bad as well. Although I do think it's important, and it's not about marketing, but I was just talking about showing up. It's also important how you show up vis-a-vis the outside world.  Baker McKenzie or Randstad or S&P are good places to work. I ask a question for our host because we are late in the game in measuring diversity, which is complicated in Germany to do, so any recommendations how you do that? Because it's also really strange to ask people super private questions obviously. So is there a best practice you could recommend? Yeah, there are some data privacy concerns, as you can imagine, for certain aspects of diversity, LGBTQI+, being one of them. So there's no easy way to do it, in all honesty, but we do have... So I think we're trying to do it not so much in terms of saying, okay, we've got four out of ten, five out of ten and so on, so therefore we're improving. But in how we have people who, anonymously otherwise, take up some of our internal channels for people to speak up or to offer suggestions, from this community. We also try and encourage everyone to share information about how... So say, for example, if there's something in one of our offices that are more developed in their thinking and practice on this in London, we, with Merida Crawford, I'll say, I deal with this, we take as many of the best practices there and spread it as much as we can across the rest of the organization. So we have an active effort to make sure that whatever programming ideas come up in any one location, get disseminated to the rest of the organization as quickly as possible. And then people adapt according to their own environment. Can I just add, let's say, some companies have made quite a bit of progress on self-ID, and so employees self-identifying as LGBTQ as one in engagement surveys that many companies do. You can also ask the question self-identification and see how the scores are, so there's another way to do it. And then, of course, there's on the bad side of the spectrum, there's your hotline or your ethics line, and how many complaints are coming in from LGBTQ people or within LGBTQ dimension. So those are data points, but frankly, the data points are important, but I think the overall atmosphere and creating that in a positive way and sharing, I think, is even more important. I want to quote Milton. I read in a story about you. You said, I'm Singaporean and a Hong Konger who took over from a guy from Colombia, who took over from a first chair from Britain, who took over from a first chair from Brazil, who took over from a first chair from America, who took over from the first chair from France, who was also at the time the first woman and the international law firm had Christine Lagarde. It's a funny quote and I thought, wow, what a role model. So not only you, but the whole story of the company is inspiring for people who look for diverse companies. Let me give you some context to that. Actually, I've been in this role just over four years. That was an interview I had literally in the first week of my role. I was in London and one of the London newspapers was asking me. So they asked me, because I'm the first Asian to lead an international law firm, so they said, are you proud to be the first Asian to lead a global law firm? So I said, yes, of course I'm proud. I'm proud for Singapore where I'm born. Excuse me. I'm proud for my family, my parents and all that. But you know, I just put it in context. I may be the first Asian, but I took over from the interim chair who was from Colombia. He took over from our first British. He took over from the first Brazilian to lead a global law firm. He took over from, okay, really good guy from Chicago. And he took over from our first leader from Paris, where at the time she became our chair, was the first woman to ever lead a global law firm. And now she's gone on to greater things, Christine Lagarde. So what I said was, okay, you know, yes, I'm proud that we've got to this stage with Asians leading the firm as well. But I'm not just the first. I'm the latest in the long line of firsts. And I could go back further than 25 years if you want me to. That was the context of that comment. Thank you for the context. But being a role model is super important, I think. So I assume that people like the CEOs or the leaders of your company are a big example for others. Also, your own story is something like, I read the story, I was looking for a company that would hire people like me in an international context and you're really looking for these companies, right? Yes, yes we are. It's in the DNA of Bacon McKenzie to try and build a really sort of multicultural, diverse workforce because our clients are from all around the world. And then they invest and want to grow all around the world. So for us to bring the best of our firm to them, we need to almost like have a matching, have a team that thinks in that plural way so that we can help support them. First of all, we can understand them and then we can support them as they need to understand the environments everywhere they go as they're growing. Let's come to the dark side of things. You mentioned that before we tried to establish a safe space, right? And there was a UN report saying that one third of migrant workers from Southeast Asia seem to be more comfortable with concealing their identity not because of the companies themselves but because they are followed by the discrimination out of their home countries. So how do you deal with that? If I'm from somewhere else and my friends there yelling at me all the time and I just don't want to talk about it, whatever it is, isn't that okay? So how do you deal with that situation? I'll start, I'm sure others will have things to say. I mean, maybe the best way I can do this is to share a couple of, and I'll just think it through as you're asking the question, a couple of anecdotes. So I think one is, so we had just recently, well, it wasn't recent, but we had a situation where an associate in one of our offices in a country where it is challenging to be LGBTQ was on a secondment to a London office, I mentioned London earlier, and that associate towards the end of the secondment period came out while in London and even before the associate's family was told and was very concerned about going home because the environment is very different. So we pulled out stops to essentially, and obviously with everyone's agreement, he went back for a while and then he came back permanently to London where he felt much more comfortable. And the silver lining is that associate now is one of the highest performing associate in London. And that requires the leadership to actually make commercial decisions, not just talk. So that's one. Maybe I don't want to take up too much time. The other thing is recently, our firm has had some challenges as a journey. We win some, we win three, we lose one, lose two, whatever it is, and it's how you respond to that that matters. So we had an issue in one of our markets which caused our LGBT community to question whether our firm was really on track with these things. I have to say that several members of our global, so these senior partners, Global Diversity Leadership Group, reached out and offered not just official stuff, their personal emails, their personal mobile phone numbers so that whoever wanted to have a chat off the record could have a chat and feel heard. So that, I'm really proud of. Maybe I could add just a little bit. I think you're hitting on a really important point about visibility and senior leadership in the last two questions. And that's something that we see. We do a huge amount of research in different diverse groups, including women, for example. And that is one theme that rings home and rings true all the time. And I actually, in 2013, there was a senior division president openly gazing your division president at S&P who approached me and said, there's nobody for lesbians and other identities to look up to. Would you think about being more visible? And I did, and it's just, I can't overestimate. You can't quantify that in any way, but the number of people over the years who say you have no idea how much this means to me in so many different ways is incredibly important. The thing about self-identification is a real challenge. Over half our workforce is in India, Pakistan. And what we're doing is, of course, we have as much by way of policy. We have to, of course, abide by privacy rules. The ERG piece has been critical for us. So a third of our pride ERG group is in India. And that's because we had some really fabulous allies, folks that I worked with directly over the years who stood up and said, we're going to take this challenge on. We're going to make this real and make this happen. And it's one of the most successful ERG groups across all of our India offices. What about this war on woke? How should companies react? And not only in the US, you have in many countries, you have different situations. Should they become activists, or should they back up and be just a little bit quieter about things? I'm looking at you. I know, I see that. She's going to tell us what we should do. Yeah, exactly. I think backing away is a bad idea. It is not good for business. It's not good for building trust, which is what this forum is all about this year. And I think you have to do it smartly. We're in a very politicized society. There's no doubt about that. And identity is being politicized in a way that we haven't seen before. And so how do you navigate that is the real question, I think. And the answer to that is that you use your ERG, you use your leadership, you educate yourself on what's going on, and then you go to market the way that you want to go to market as an organization and a company, and you stand by that. But you have to have real thinking behind it and not just making a move. And I think that you have to find, go to your core value as a company and determine how are you going to then show up in different spaces. We always recommend that you need a decision tree within your company on these topics. Who is the top of the decision tree and who gets involved in these decisions as you're moving through them? Especially real-time things that happen. And how important is it to your business? How is it going to grow your business as well? Because then people can understand the direct correlation between what you're saying and what you're doing. I also believe deeply in quiet diplomacy. As I mentioned, there were over 500 anti-LGBTQ bills in America, 80 of them passed, the others didn't pass. And we fought back. A lot of that was activists and front-line folks. And a lot of that were companies who had conversations and talked about, if you do this, I'm going to run a political opponent against you and I'm going to help fund them. If you do this, I'm pulling out my plant that I'm about to build. And they did it quietly to make those moves happen because they couldn't run their companies in those states if those laws went into place. So I think there's a lot of ways that companies have to. And if you look at, you know, the Edelman Trust Barometer, which is one of those things that we watch very closely, it says that employees trust their CEOs and their companies more than they trust the media, more than they trust the government. And this is US-based. There is an international version of that. And so when you think about it, your employees are looking to you for your leadership and it's not just about selling widgets or offering a service. They want to know where you stand because government is letting them down. They can't trust media in the same way that they used to, but they trust you even more. And that is a big burden. I'm not saying it's not a big burden and I don't feel for you all, but you need to navigate it because otherwise it will navigate you and that won't be good. And there are companies that take harm if they speak out, right? So, and a lot of... So, the vortigaunt, for example, ran a big story about this, so many of the Fortune 500 kind of are cautious and have a different strategy today than five years ago or whatever. So, any recommendations? Well, I think companies are more cautious and of course in the US there has been some decisions by the Supreme Court that put an end to certain practices or follow the law. Let's say that nothing... I don't think companies are backtracking and definitely run studies on doing the right thing. And I think we've heard it from all the companies around the table here. We companies are committed to make sure we have an inclusive work environment. Why? Because it makes sense in the round. It's good for business. It's good for the employees. The employees want it. It's good for the investors. So, doing the right thing, companies will keep doing. Yet, yes, they are cautious if the legal environment and the political environment is changing. They need to sort of navigate. I'm fully aware, but I don't think they're backtracking on any of it. This is Davos. There's a Swiss clock ticking here. We have four minutes left. Do you have any questions? One question. Two questions. Three questions. Got to be quick. I'm sorry for asking so late. No, this is a great discussion. My name is Devani Smith and I'm here with the Global Shapers from Washington, D.C. In my full-time job, I work in racial equity and gender inclusion as well. My question is related to the employee resource groups. I think this conversation has a lot of big ideas. In practice, a lot of times, this is not what's happening at organizations, but you do see a lot of employees who want to make these groups on their own. My question is from a senior leadership perspective, how do you get senior leaders to buy in if they are not already bought into these employee resource groups? What advice do you have to the leaders of these ERGs to include senior leadership and just build the collaboration and trust more? I feel really strongly about this. I actually was connected to, for example, the S&P Women's Group even before I joined S&P, so I've been super passionate about women, about our pride group as well. I have two thoughts. One is make sure most companies today of size are tracking employee satisfaction and you can learn a lot if you look at that. That is going to tell you the same way that it does for us. We are global. We're all over the place. We have multiple different industries. We're a very diverse in terms of business company and it's going to show you that this matters. The second thing I would say is put your hand in your pocket as a leader. I used to sponsor the Asian group. I don't sponsor them anymore, but I still fund the Diwali celebration in New York every year, for example. You have to put your hand in your personal, like the only one who does that today. What's going on here? I know. You have to put your hand in your pocket as a leader and actually give them money to convene and do things. Okay, second question. Yes, thank you. I'll be quick, but I know that this panel is related to the place of work, and without having as much data as you, Martina, but it seems that qualitatively it has been an increase in the violence against the community. Obviously, people can feel safe at work, but if they don't feel safe going to the office or going to the place of work and then leaving and to get home, then that makes the situation very difficult. So I wonder what we could do to also improve that aspect on the day-to-day, on the daily living, because it goes beyond the companies, but we can help, and it has to do with the government, it has to do with civil society. So I would like to hear your perspective on that. I'm happy to talk about that. We actually this year brought in three activists, one from Uganda, one from Kenya, and then one from China to talk about, because we do convene a conversation around decriminalization and how can we use this platform as Davos for government and for CEOs and corporates to help advance that, because we need help advancing that. I think most recently we were able to work very closely with the Pope to have him speak out about decriminalization, which was very powerful because half the countries are Catholic countries. And I think that we need a game plan around decriminalization. We're working with other activists who are international as well, but corporate has a piece of that too and can really help us along the way. I'm not saying it's what they should do as a first priority, but along the way as they're building their business and they're moving into spaces and places where it's criminal to be LGBTQ, there are conversations that they can have at the onset to start to move that along, because I do see a future where we're taking away at it. It's been at 70, it's at I think 68, 69 right now, and we're starting to move it down and that's a really important factor and this is a platform for that. Hell freezes, we get two more minutes. Last question. If it's possible. So maybe more of a reflection and a question, but I'll try to... So I like to think that inclusive companies would perform because when we are ourselves, we tend to be better. So for that I'm all by, but maybe a question for you if you have reflected on that. When we start talking like, almost like it is a good investment, like this pays off and this is the companies that are open, they perform better, it's almost a bit intriguing like, because we don't want to have leaders taking this decision from a commercial perspective versus just doing the right thing. Any perspective on that? Could not agree more, period. I think they're entirely compatible. Certainly for us as a people business is 100% compatible, but I would imagine for all businesses. Would you agree that it might be risky if we start arguing the wrong way? Yeah. I completely agree with you and I would say to Milton's point, completely compatible, but also important to take into account all stakeholders. In the past, there has been some pushback saying, oh but our clients would never accept that or our customers would not buy from us again. So that's why we need to fact base and open for business has just published another report that confirms everything you said, Martina. But you're absolutely right. It is a little bit disappointing that we still need to fact base because doing the right thing is always okay. I want to add to that too. This is a little commercial. I sit on with a group of other folks with WEF and we create what's called this Lighthouse Report on an annual basis. This is a very important one and these are best practices for businesses, for inclusion globally and it's really powerful. I advise you all to take a look at that because it can really help you make a case at work or understand as you're moving into the space or going deeper into the space what's worked for other big global multinational companies. So we see great development in the last 10 years. Established best practice and lots of things to do, especially from an international point of view. Thank you very much for your all. See you next year. Thank you.


Welcome to World's Best Videos, we've come by with a list of facts about social media sensation Zayn Hijazi, let's get into it. Zayn Ahmed Hijazi was born on November 18, 1992 in Miami, Florida. He is currently 24 years old and resides in Los Angeles, California. He has two siblings, a brother and a sister named Hidayah and two loving parents. He stands at 5 feet 11 inches. Zayn has earned a double A in hospitality and management from Broward College. Zayn had also worked as a travel director for numerous companies, airports, hotels, and beach events. He is huge on social media amassing over 344,000 followers on Twitter while following 754 people. On Instagram he has 857 posts that got him over 825,000 followers and he follows 542 people. His Facebook page has over 60,000 likes. He opened up his YouTube channel on August 25, 2012 and since then has amassed over 1.1 million subscribers and over 100 million total upload views. The content on his channel is mainly day in the life videos. But he didn't begin his rise to social media on any of the social networks I talked about but began his social media stardom on the 6 second looping app Vine. On his collaborated Vine channel titled Zayn and Heath they accumulated over a million followers. They would post hilarious relatable vines that gained them a huge following. The duo also opened up a second Vine channel called Zayn and Heath 2 where they would post their bloopers and other content. That Vine channel garnered over 313,000 fans and over 44 million loops across their 24 posts. The most embarrassing thing Zayn ever did was choked on a tampon wrapper. He was doing the popular turkey challenge with tampon wrapper and it was a silk brand so it was very smooth. He then accidentally swallowed it and started to choke and eventually got help. His favorite animal was a hippopotamus. Besides posting content online he has been featured in big projects. In 2015 he was featured as Zack on the TV short Lab Coast Life After Zombie Apocalypse. He was also featured in the movie FML playing the role of the down south boys. Well that concludes the video guys hopefully you guys did enjoy the video and if you didn't remember to smack that like button let us know in the comments section below which is like to see next and if you haven't already subscribed please do subscribe to keep up with the world's best videos.


So Zcash is a commercially deployed cryptocurrency with real-world usage that provides strong privacy. It's the culmination of several years of academic research, including my PhD thesis. And you're no doubt familiar with cryptocurrency, so you probably know that they're digital payments and that they use a blockchain. What you may not know is that they don't offer any privacy. In fact, quite to the contrary, most of them expose all of your spending details to everybody, to the entire public. And of course, privacy problems with digital payments are not a new thing. It dates back until at least the 1980s when cryptographers started looking at eCash, building electronic payment systems that had the same privacy as paper cash. And cryptographers and computer security researchers have been working on this for a number of years. There's been a lot of interest in progress, but we never really have gotten it deployed. And the reason for that is that if you spin up one of these things, you basically have to get people to trust your new cryptographic bank. And that's sort of a non-starter. So if you think about an ideal eCash scheme, you want it to be secure. This is sort of the same quote non. We want it to be private because we don't want to build a surveillance system that anyone can use to forget what's going on. But it turns out you need it to be decentralized. And this is where cryptocurrencies come in, because Bitcoin provides exactly this, because it has a blockchain that has no single trusted party. But the problem with the blockchain, as Andrew alluded to, is that everything on it is public. And in fact, it's been well known in academia for a while that you can in fact recover what is going on in one of these and figure out what transactions are and who people are paying. And this is not just a problem in theory, it's a problem in practice. There are actually companies in the business of doing this kind of analysis out there today. And so rather than thinking of Bitcoin or cryptocurrencies as private, which is a tempting thing and people have said this in the past, you might want to think of Bitcoin as Twitter for your bank account and that it actually broadcasts everything you do to everybody. And this is not just a problem for personal privacy, it's a problem for businesses. You can't have your competitors seeing what you're doing either. And so this is the thing that needs to be fixed. And this is where eCash comes in. So this talk is going to focus on the past, present, and future of eCash. So in terms of the past, I'm going to give you a little overview of Zerocash, which is the underlying academic work this came out of. It actually was presented at Real World Crypto for the first time anywhere publicly in 2014. Then I'm going to move on to talk about the present, which is the deployed version of the system called Zcash and some interesting lessons and funny anecdotes that came out from that. And then finally, I'm going to talk briefly about what the future looks like both in the near term and potentially in the long term. So Zcash came out of Zerocash. This is a work that was published at Oakland in 2014. And it aimed to provide privacy for a blockchain. And to do this, you need a couple of tools. Obviously, you need a blockchain, but you also need cryptographic commitments. You can think of these as opaque envelopes. And you need, of course, zero knowledge proofs. Particularly, Zerocash uses ZK Snarks. And these are somewhat notorious amongst at least the cryptocurrency people on the internet as being a little difficult to understand. But if you think about them in the right way, they're fairly simple. A ZK Snark is sort of a proof that some computation was done correctly. And the way you do this is you compile that computation down to what is called a quadratic arithmetic program. And you can think of this as like an architecture like x86 or ARM, or really more so something closer to like an FPGA. And then once you have this representation of what you did, you need to prove that it's correct. And you do this using some very complicated cryptography that thankfully for me and for you, I do not need to go into. But there was one interesting caveat, which is that you need to have some parameters that are generated to build these. And this is typical of a lot of research in academia. But as we will see when I get to the actual present of deploying this, you really do have to figure out how to do that. So if you have these tools, right, how do you do payments? Well, in Bitcoin, right, if Alice has $50 and she wants to pay Bob Kane and get back $40 and change, she actually has to identify everything that's going on because you need to enforce some basic constraints on the system, right? You need to ensure that the money exists, that it actually belongs to Alice, and that it hasn't already been spent and that money is not being invented out of anywhere, right? And because this needs to be done, in Bitcoin, everything's public, right? You actually identify all of this information, anybody can look at it and verify it. This is the power of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies in general, but it means there's no privacy. So to get privacy, the first thing you do is you use commitments, right? You replace these cryptographic checks with a commitment to the exact same information, who the money belongs to and who it's going and the amount. But you still need to get security. And the problem is we can't do the standard style checks that Bitcoin has because we can't just point to what transaction we have, right? That would break privacy. So instead, you generate a merkle tree over the history of all payments starting from T0 all the way up until now. And you say that you have a coin in that merkle tree, right? And then you prove the usual things about it, that it actually belongs to you, right? And then the transaction that is spending it doesn't invent money out of nowhere, right? And finally, right, you have to do one thing that's a little special. Because we only have this indirect reference to what is going on in the blockchain, we can't make sure that the money that we're spending hasn't already been spent, that it hasn't been consumed already. And so we have to, in fact, actually produce a nonce, sort of to prevent replays, and that's a serial number. The cool thing is we do all this, but via the magic of zero-knowledge proofs, all this is hidden. All the ways in which we prove this aren't visible to anybody. But the network is still guaranteed that the transaction is correct, right? And this applies not just to what's on the blockchain, but to anyone who is observing the transaction or even who you're paying. They learn nothing other than that they got a legitimate payment for $10. And so this is zero-cash, right? It is secure, it's private, and it's decentralized. So this is the protocol that we came up with. It is commercially deployed in the present as a thing called Zcash. And this went live in October 2016. Transactions in it for the privacy-preserving ones take about 40 seconds. As a result of this and a couple of other reasons involving legacy interactions with exchanges, it has both private and non-private transactions. About 19% of those transactions are private. It's about 8% by volume. I'd love to give you more usage statistics, but since this is the privacy-preserving system, some of those kind of things are actually hard to come by. But it has more than $15,000 transactions a day. So this is out there. You really can download and use it. But in order to get there, we had to do a couple of things. So remember when I said that ZK Snarks need secure parameter generation? This is a problem because someone has to generate these. And if that person is malicious, they can forge proofs, and therefore they can invent a bunch of money. And there is a fair amount of money you could steal using that technique. You can't break privacy, you can't de-anonymize people, but nonetheless you need to do this. And so what we did was we had a multi-party computation in which there were six people who participated to jointly generate the parameters and then destroy their secrets, and in some cases physically destroy their computers in the process, which is what you see in the picture. And as long as one person is honest, that process works out. So the interesting thing is multi-party computations, the thing you and I are probably quite familiar with, but part of doing this ceremony wasn't an exercise in doing a secure computation and actually generating this thing. It was an exercise in getting people to trust it. It was sort of almost a kind of theater, so you had to film the thing and make sure to make clear to everybody that it worked out because you really wanted people to buy in to trust. So this was done, it was done shortly before Zcash launched, and Zcash actually went live. And this has led to numerous funny things. One of them, incidentally, is one of my co-authors, Ron Turmer, actually got a photo credit in the New York Times, which is not a thing that I particularly expect. That's not even the strangest thing. But I'd like to take a moment here to sort of address the elephant in the room, which is, Zcash provides strong privacy. This is actually a thing that's quite important because a lot of the other technologies that are out there provide privacy that breaks into a lot of cases of real-world usage of things. But when you start talking about strong privacy, one of the things that comes up is sort of criminal usage. And it is true, of course, that you will get things, criminals will use any technology.   And privacy is important. Individuals need privacy. Businesses need privacy. And in fact, when you sit down and explain to regulators that Bitcoin or cryptocurrencies expose all of your payments to everybody, they sort of understand that you need, by this kind of privacy. And moreover, that the tools we have for dealing with cash, which after all is anonymous, can actually be used to deal with cryptocurrencies, right? The same rules for reporting that apply to banks can apply at exchanges. But it is the case that when you wrote all these things, you will get one or two uses that are in fact criminal. And Zcash actually hasn't had that many of them, but I do just want to mention one of them because it is a funny anecdote. Probably the strangest thing that happened in the course of doing this, which is the shadow brokers who were at one point selling, I think still are, their early access to the, they're stolen in SA exploits. And they were doing this with Bitcoin originally because as I said, criminals will use whatever tools they have available at them, anyone who's doing this use what they have. But at one point, they switched over to using Zcash, right? And in the process of doing this, they had to write an FAQ explaining how to do it. And the shadow brokers, if you read anything they have, write this wonderfully sarcastic, cheesily bad English. And so the description of Zcash included this lovely gem. When asked if Zcash is safe, the response is, expert of no. Zcash is having connections to USG, DARPA, DOD, Johns Hopkins, and Israel. Why is USG sponsoring privacy version of Bitcoin? Who the, knows. Or is knowing, excuse me. Little hard to get that right. And so this is a long way of getting to the following point. Apparently someone actually does read grant acknowledgments because buried in the bottom of the Zcash paper were details on this. So yeah, that's probably the strangest thing that happened. So that's Zcash deployed today. It has real world, it's out there, you can really use it. So where does the future go? Right? Well, the immediate future is a thing that's being called sapling, which is the upgrade from what the protocol is currently out there. This should be deployed in the summer hoping nothing goes wrong. And sapling is primarily a set of performance improvements. It takes the time to generate a transaction from nearly 40 seconds down to four seconds and from nearly three gigs of memory down to 40 megabytes. So this is something you could potentially practically run on a phone. And so how do we get there? Well, the first thing to get there is to understand why it's so expensive in the first place. So under the hood, Zcash is in fact actually quite complex. You don't need to understand the details on this diagram, but everything you see in orange is a hash function call. And it turns out that when you're compiling down your computation for a proof to this, you know, the stock thing that a snark works on, you end up with inefficiencies. And hash functions are well suited for doing this, but they're still slow. And so this is where you get this problem from because you have to do a large number of hash invocations to get Zcash to work. So this is where a thing called jub jub comes in. And jub jub is an elliptic curve whose operations can be efficiently done inside an arithmetic circuit, efficiently done inside a Zcash snark. As a result, you can actually get less than five constraints for this kind of multiplication. You can think of this as sort of a measure of how fast it is. And this, of course, in and of itself, it's not clear what you do with this. But it turns out you can actually build a hash function out of using elliptic curves. And this is a Peterson hash function, similar to a Peterson commitment. And this thing is way faster than standard hash like SHA256 when you're doing it in this funny quap style architecture. So to hash 32 bytes, instead of taking something like 26,000 constraints, and so this is how you get from having proving times in the order of 40 seconds down to like four seconds. So this is very important because this will actually help get real-world usage and end up making people have default transactions that are actually private. So the second thing that has to happen is since we have changed the circuit, we have to regenerate the parameters. Because you have a new thing, you have to rerun this parameter setup process. And we could just rerun the original one, but the original one had some funny limitations. For provable cryptographic security, everyone needed to pre-commit to what they were doing before you started the protocol. And then they needed to keep that commitment around for the entire duration of what's going on. In this myth, you had to pick everyone in advance. You had to pick who was going to run in it. And you had to vet them because if they went offline or they aborted, you'd have to restart the protocol and in particular, because they have to keep their system secure for the entire time that it's running, this caused some interesting problems. The protocol took a little more than a day. And at some point in the day, you're going to have to sleep. So one of the participants actually made what they jokingly called a ninja alarm, which was just posting a chair against the door to see if someone broke into the hotel. This is actually a fascinating story because most of the computation they actually were driving around were all of Canada. Everyone could follow them. Make sure everyone is absolutely sure that there's nothing going wrong. This is, honestly, that someone referred to as desert crypto bus. So this was a nice thing. It was sort of fun to see it happen. But ideally, we wouldn't want to make anyone go through doing this. And so this is where a new protocol comes in, which we are calling powers of power. And this is an improved multi-party computation. It has no pre-commitment phase. In fact, you don't have to pick people in advance. Anyone can participate. In fact, you can participate after the protocol is running. You can join it and come in and do your computation, and then leave. And importantly, because of the way this works, you don't have to keep your system secure while the entire protocol is running. Once you've done your part, you're done. So this makes things way easier. More significantly, parts of this computation can be reused. Not just as a process for generating parameters just for Zcash, the first part of it, it runs in two phases. The first part of it is actually usable across anyone who wants to do a circuit. So this is usable for other blockchain applications such as Ethereum or anything else. And this is significant. This is an important thing to allow people to actually do these and make these things practical. Because again, the entire point of blockchain is to make things trustless. And the wider you have participation in setting up the better the sort of trustless assumption is. Most significantly, this is actually running now. So if you want to participate, you should talk to me after the talk or see this link, which will be repeated again at the end. So that's the current future of Zcash, the present stuff that's going to be coming out recently. What happens in the distant future? There are a couple of different options. Eleban Sasan and Alessandro Chiesa and some other people are working on radically improved zero-knowledge proofs called Z-Case Starks, which don't have this trusted setup. There are other optimizations going on about faster hash functions that might even be faster than jub-jub that other people are doing research on. These are lattice-based or potentially like low-gate count systems. But one thing I want to talk about is a thing that we are tentatively calling zero-knowledge execution. So Zcash enforces a very basic constraint. That the money coming into the system is conserved. That if you have a payment coming in, which is value C, the money going out is not greater than that. So this is a very simple thing to do, but you can envision your zero-knowledge proof enforcing some other arbitrary constraint, a function F. And this is an idea that multiple people have had and has been proposed for smart contracts. So you'd have a function F, you'd have a function G. And you could make these things a standalone process. You could make it such that each one of these things is their own little domain with their own little privacy set. But that ends up being actually quite complicated and problematic in some cases. For example, if F is an auction and you are supposed to bid in it, if you know that no one else has ever submitted a bid, you probably don't want to bid that high. You could deal with just submitting a $1 bid. But on the other hand, the moment you know that someone else has ran this auction code and has participated in your auction, you know you should bid something higher than $1. Maybe your actual value of the asset, I'm not sure. I'm a cartographer, not an economist, but it becomes a problem. So what you really want to do is you want to hide what the function that is executing. And this becomes a challenge because these two functions might interfere with each other. One of them might want to pretend to be the other. One of them might actually be malicious and be intended to actually break the other one. So you still need to somehow keep them isolated while at the same time maintaining privacy. And so this is sort of like moving from a mainframe system in which you have one function that is executing, one program, which owns everything, and moving all the way to a sandbox model for applications, something like an iPhone, where you have a bunch of different mutually distressing processes and you're trying to keep them isolated. But in this case, you also need to maintain privacy from everybody. So this is interesting. I'm quite excited for it, but it is a ways out if it even... It is a ways out. So lastly, I'd like to note that none of this would have been possible without the work of numerous numbers of people, my co-authors on the various papers, this engineers at the company, in fact, I'd specifically like to call them out because in the course of research, people often forget that actually getting this thing from theory to practice is a huge amount of work and involves a huge amount of optimizations. And yeah, you know, everyone had a major part in this and it wouldn't have been possible without them. So in conclusion, I'd like to say that this is real world crypto, right? For all punny definitions of crypto, cryptocurrency or cryptography, right? This is eCash sort of from an academic paper to real world usage in less than three years. I had to double check the math on this from the first presentation in 2014 until when Zcash went live, really seemed to me like it was a lot more time having been involved in that, but turns out it actually took less than we expected. So that's it. Again, I'd like to say if you would like to participate in Paris or Tower, here is the QR code in the link. This will be up for the rest of the Q&A. And thank you. All right, and we do have time for questions, so please go ahead. Dmitry Korotovich, thank you for your talk, Ein. Could you maybe elaborate a bit on the selection of the Pedersen hash? I know that there were some other proposals like dedicated hash functions like MIMC, and maybe you could just give a bit more detail so I'm light why you exactly chose Pedersen. Right, so the Pedersen hash is sort of the conservative choice.  So if I were writing just another paper and I wanted to present faster results, I would definitely use those. But if you know you're going to deploy this and you're worried about the extra security with lots of money at stake, you want to be conservative. And so since elliptic curves are well understood and it's a simple matter of sort of optimizing that circuit to compute them, right, it's a little better off for making this the current choice. It's already less than three years, so... Sorry, what? Well, the entire, almost the entire scheme is less than three years old, and it cannot be very conservative after all. Right, so there are some minimal things you have to do to get privacy, and we sort of don't want to try to push the envelope any further. And so this is, four seconds is good enough for what we want to do now, and this doesn't preclude using more advanced functions when they come out. When they've been around for a while longer and we better understand them and understand the choices we have to make for parameters. And four seconds is for two to the 64 points? No, so one of the other interesting things that happened in the course of getting this deployed was the tree depth got cut from 64 to 29, and that is currently still tentatively, tentatively as the emphasis, the tree depth that will be in the new version that's deployed in sapling. Hi, Ian. Hi, Ian. So we just saw two talks. So can you compare the privacy properties offered by Zcash to NimbleWimble? Right, so NimbleWimble is, in general, a bit of a moving target, and it's not a very good idea to do that. But the main thing that NimbleWimble provides is confidential transactions, and those hide the value of a transaction. They do not entirely hide, they do not hide at all who you're paying or who the money is coming from. Now, if you compress the blockchain as you do in NimbleWimble, that data is not necessarily on the blockchain itself. But if you are an observer of the network, you can still see the transactions before they're compressed and build up roughly the exact same picture in Bitcoin, but you have to have been around at the time to do that. So NimbleWimble potentially gets you privacy after the fact when archaeologists just uncovered the blockchain itself 50 years down the road, but it doesn't necessarily get you privacy in the situation we're in now where people are actively observing transactions as they pass through the peer-to-peer network before they get included in a block. Okay, so to be fair, the only thing I know about NimbleWimble is what I saw 20 minutes ago. But I thought there were no identifiers at all. There are no public keys. There are no public keys, but the observation of NimbleWimble is as follows. If you have this compact blockchain, you have to actually eliminate old data. That means at some point there is some leakage on what has been spent. You can't just say, oh, here's the thing and there's no other stuff coming out. There are patterns actually in what's going on. It's very different. Okay, good, thanks. Last question. Yes, go ahead. I didn't hear you mention anything about protecting against network adversaries watching your blockchain. Right, so this is in fact a point that... I guess that wasn't a question. Yeah, so as a note, if you actually use Zcash and you're worried about network adversaries and for some threat models you should be, you need to use Zcash through Tor. And in fact, improving that in terms of the real world protocol is one of the things that people are working on because right now you have to set up Tor as a separate system and connect to it and it's sort of roll your own thing and that's not ideal from a usability standpoint. All right, and with this we'll thank Ian again.


Hello, welcome to CS 2020. My name is Alfredo Arno and I'm Marketing Manager of Power Products Discrete Automotive in North America. The first power conversion block that we see in electric vehicles is the traction inverter. We need a traction inverter in order to convert the DC power from the battery into AC to spin the motor. The traction inverter is made of three main power blocks. The power block that delivers the power and generates the AC from the DC. Then we have the gate driving and the control board. In this reference design that we promote here at CS, we can see the stack up of the power module, the gate driving board and the power control board. The module with the DC link is an 800 volts DC link. So we need a module rated at 1200 volts using the silicon carbide. And the gate driving board is using isolated gate drivers which are AC or DC, as well as the control board is using our SPC 58 microcontroller. It is an arm 32 bit which is also AC or DC compliant. The choice of using silicon carbide as a power switch in the module makes this solution very compact and very powerful, not achievable with the silicon IGBT. We can achieve much more power and much reduced power losses by at least 50%, which turns out in a 7% battery increase in efficiency and do better utilization of the battery. The system comes with firmware included, so the only thing that you need to operate with the motor is the water cooling jacket going through the water chamber for the cooling and the DC link, as we said before. Another important power block is the AC to DC converter, which we also call onboard charger. We need an onboard charger to be able to convert the AC coming from the AC line of the plug into the AC to charge the battery. Typically onboard charger or the AC to DC converter, they have two stages. We have the stage where we convert the AC to DC with the PFC, power factor conversion, and then the DC to DC parts where we regulate the voltage to charge the battery. We have different solution choice to make this happening in onboard charger. We have chosen a totem pole PFC with the silicon carbide MOSFETs in the PFC, so we don't need an external diode, as well as a silicon carbide diodes in the output of the full bridge LLC for the rectification. Another choice we have made in this design is to replace two of the rectifiers with the taristors in such a way that we can use the taristors as a rectifier, but also to control the inrush current limiting and thus eliminating the external mechanical relay. All of these decisions make us able to use standard SMD components, and so we use only SMD components for these seven kilowatt onboard charger legs. We can use three of these in parallel to achieve 22 kilowatt. The more power we can push through an onboard charger, the faster the charging, so it's very important to have this inefficiently and also very fast charging. Another part in a power conversion is also the DC to DC that is happening in the car, mostly to serve a lower voltage battery like 12 volts or the other loads like 24 volts and for the volts, especially for hybrid vehicle, and also the use of a microcontroller which are also AC, AC or D capable for the new safety standards automotive. In conclusion, we are very happy to have demonstrated at CES that we have a capable of supporting our customer with system reference design in the power conversion that's happening in electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle. This system reference design, they will help our customer to develop their own application with ST component, but also will help us to develop better components for the final application. Also, we have the use of a silicon carbide we have demonstrated and in a high voltage high power conversion help us to reduce the sizes of the solution and much more better efficiency reducing the power losses and increases the battery life. Thank you and for more information please visit ST.com.


Hey guys, what's up welcome back to my channel It is Drew here from Lone Fox and I look very tan and that is because I got a spray tan yesterday and They gave me four different options for colors and they're like which one do you want?  I've not gotten a spray tan like a year like let's just go for the three and see what happens And I think I got a little too tan. It'll fade in the next couple of days So I think next time I'm gonna get a two but besides the point today I have some really amazing super fun and easy DIY projects for you guys These are honestly great like decor or personal DIY items, but they're also literally geared perfectly for Valentine's Day So if you need to make anything for a loved one a friend your children your parents your teachers your friend group Whoever it might be these are such great super affordable easy DIY projects And I wanted to make them of course very very affordable that way anyone can create them And they're also great to create like in mass form So if you wanted to make a lot at once you can give them out to like all of your friends or all your Boyfriends if you have multiple because people do these days or all your husbands all your wives whatever it might be I'm just kidding Hopefully that's not a thing But besides the point today's projects are super easy very cute and fun Give this video a thumbs up if you enjoy and also Thank you guys so so much for all the love and support on my last video that Ikea like Storage hutch that I created you guys were obsessed with it I have never seen such like engagement on a video before and I just want to thank you all So if you have not seen that video check it out I'll put it in a card up there for you guys and let's all send positivity in the comments below because we all have 14 days To find a Valentine none of us have a Valentine we still have 14 days guys So I've never had one in my life. You never know what can happen in 14 days though. So Yeah Let's get into today's projects Alrighty guys so jumping into our first project here I wanted to do something that really displayed Polaroids nicely because I feel like Polaroids and Valentine's Day are just perfect together So I'm creating a little Polaroid booklet display and so I picked up these little wood pieces at Joanne's fabrics Measured them out and I'm going to be cutting them down to make the front and back covers of our books It looks like I'm struggling with the saw but I swear to you it wasn't off that challenging at all And these wood pieces the little cover pieces that I'm cutting are cut to three inches by four and one quarter inch And I also used a little bit of sandpaper just to make sure the edges were all smooth and just ready to be Covered or not be covered but be the front and back cover of our booklet So once those are done, I measured out the size and I just wanted to cut out four inch strips of cardstock So I got I grabbed some craft cardstock at Joanne's fabrics Which is like just a kind of recycled looking cardstock and I cut it down to four inch by 12 inch strips And once those were all cut down I then went and I placed it on the top and I decided where I wanted to score So I used a pair of tweezers literally just to create a score line with my ruler and I scored it at every two and three Quarter inch so every two and three quarter inch I drew a line and I scored it that way you're able to easily fold it and then you're going to sandwich two pieces together So there's like an a little additional flap that was left at the end glue them together I'm using Faber-Tac adhesive and then you're gonna glue it to the front and back covers just to create an accordion I feel like this is kind of more of a self-explanatory if you see what I'm doing you're gonna understand it process But I'll make sure to put all the measurements on the screen for you. So it's very understandable So this is what you're gonna end up with and I have this scrap piece of leather that I've had in my collection for so long I've never even used it so I cut out a small little half-inch strip of that and I'm using one of these little posts They're like screw posts and I'm just punching a hole through Screwing the screw post on and you can find these in the leather section at Jo-Ann's fabrics And then I'm going to be punching a hole and we're just gonna be creating a closure for this book So when you're able to kind of link it around you're able to clasp it on the front Which is really nice and then I just wanted to glue this down to the back cover that way it stays stuck on there So I use my Faber-Tac adhesive again and glued it down and here you go So you're able to just simply fasten that shut and then on the inside you're able to display your Polaroids And you can actually put them up towards the top if you wanted to I put mine in the middle But if you put them more towards the top you can put like a date underneath or like a little memo or blur Whatever you wanted to add and I really think anyone would love to receive this because it's kind of like a classy take on Polaroids This next project is one that is kind of quirky and fun But super cute and great for really anybody girlfriend boyfriend You can even make this for your kids if you wanted to whatever you wanted to do So I actually have some shrink eating film and I'm going to link the exact one I purchased below It is a white one and I put it over the top of my phone screen and drew out a heart You can kind of use your phone screen as a light box Which is just kind of like a little tip and I filled it in with a Sharpie I filled in this heart completely with just a red Sharpie And by the way the heart that I used was just the emoji heart and I just found it on Google And I also decided that I was gonna do a pink one I actually ended up not even using the pink one, but I thought I would share it anyways as an additional idea So I filled that in with a pink Sharpie as well And keep in mind that when you use shrink eating film the size of the piece you're doing It's going to shrink down to a third of what it is. So I wanted to make my heart very large I almost honestly use my entire phone screen. So on the backside of my heart I actually did this little like Broken-esque look that way you can create two necklaces and you can give one to a loved one and you can have the other one for yourself So I punched a hole in the top of each and then I put them in the oven let them bake It literally takes between two and three minutes, but as you could see they shrink in size Tremendously, but they end up turning out into these like very thick plastic charms And then next what I did was use some of this liquid gold paint because I wanted to make these almost look like enamel Charms, so I went around the edge of this with the gold paint because the edge was originally white so I went around with the gold because we're gonna be using some gold hardware and Once I was done. I also painted the back with the gold as well I also ended up painting that pink heart gold just because I wasn't really into the pink color But this is what it ended up looking like and then next what I did was I actually put some of this Sculpey gloss glaze on the top and this is going to make it almost like a puffy Layer of just like glossy glass. It looks really pretty when it's completely dried down And the last step is just to create the necklaces So I picked up some basic gold jewelry supplies at Joanne's fabrics super affordable I think they always have sales on these as well And I basically cut down 18 inch pieces of chain opened up a jump ring Looped a clasp on the end of the chain and then I also added a ring on the opposite side that way it's a little Clasp had an area to clasp to so this was our finished off necklace and to finish off this necklace You just need to open up a jump ring slip your new little charm on there And then put it on the necklace and that finishes off your little cute enamel charm necklace I love what this turned out and I think it's just a great simple and affordable gift for anybody Project here if you make this for someone they are going to love you forever And this was actually inspired by Jen Woodhouse She did a very similar set I saw on Pinterest and then I read her blog post about it and I was obsessed with it But I wanted to recreate it in tutorial form to share with you guys So definitely check out her post in the link and I'll link it below for you as well So what I started off by doing was using some scolpy clay and I'm going to link the exact one I got from Amazon below because it's just so nice and easy to work with and for these coasters You're going to want to roll out some very organic looking shapes So kind of just knead it into a random shape and then just start rolling it out But the thing is is you're gonna have to kind of trial and error How much clay you need per coaster because you're gonna want them to be semi thick I made mine about a quarter inch thick each because you're are gonna want to have a nice thickness to your coaster Where you're able to kind of add a gilded edge to it in the end So I ended up making four total coasters put them on a baking sheet And you're going to bake them according to the package instructions So once the coasters are fully dry, you can select whatever paint colors you want Now keep in mind you are going to be using a ton of paint I ended up like squirting almost this much paint per coaster And I also used just a very fluffy kind of watercolor brush And the reason you're using a lot of paint is because you're going to want your paint to kind of blend together So you're going to want to have a lot that way it starts to blend with each other And when you think about agate coasters, I kind of think about a very melky consistency I actually have a set myself from anthropology That was literally like $200 that I got for Christmas a long time ago But I when I look at it the actual rock inside is kind of melky and crystallized So I wanted to create a very similar aesthetic So you're going to create rings of color and then once you have created those rings of color Add a little bit of water to it and kind of to start blending those colors Because once it starts to create that very melky appearance, that's when it looks the most like agate Now it is kind of hard to achieve that rock look with just acrylic paint But I think that it ended up turning out really great in the end And you can really layer up the paints as well Just keep in mind that the more paint you do add the longer you're going to want to allow it to dry for And also keep in mind that you could do layers as well Like you might want to do a first layer Let it dry, do a second layer, whatever you feel comfortable with I just did it very freehand and organic That's why I'm sharing my entire process here with you guys And then I also realized I wanted to add this little bit of gold in there And this really just made the coaster come to life I feel like it almost made it look like there was like Some mineralized crystallized gold on the inside of the coaster And it just made it look so so pretty So I highly suggest adding a little bit of gold or silver or bronze Whatever it might be to your rings But I'll let you guys just kind of watch what I'm doing As you can see, I added a little bit more darkness on the end here Because you're never going to want your coasters to look too symmetrical It's always great to have kind of like an organic look to them And this last one here honestly turned out to be one of the best ones I think I think I got better as time went on So if you want to practice on paper first, feel free to do so Then let that paint dry overnight And then what you're going to do that really just finishes off these coasters Is use your gilded paint, which I'll link this one below as well It's from Craftsmart I get it at Michaels And you can actually go ahead and just paint the edges of your coaster Which is why we want it to have kind of that thick quarter inch clay look to it And lastly, you're going to add some of that Sculpey Gloss glaze as well I added way too much for this first one I really thought it was going to be super thick and kind of very spreadable But I ended up just pulling it off of that coaster and using it on all four coasters So just give it a nice coat of this glaze because that's also going to make it waterproof and great for your beverages and drinks And that finishes off this coaster set. How amazing do these look? Our last project here is a great little kind of customizable packaging idea for a bottle of wine Because I feel like a bottle of wine is a foolproof Valentine's Day gift idea If you don't know what to get someone get him a bottle of wine Now this linen piece of fabric was cut out to 26 by 6 and a half inches and then folded in half So it ended up being 13 by 6 and a half inches And I went in with some embroidery floss and just literally roughly sewed up the side of it And I thought this added a very very cute element I was originally going to flip it inside out, but I loved the exposed stitching So once you're done, you can kind of slip your bottle inside and then cut off any excess you need But you guys that 26 by 6 and a half inch mark that I told you was the finished off result So I definitely suggest cutting your linen out to that size and then folding it But next what I did was I just added a couple of embroidered hearts Now you guys have seen me embroider on my channel a trillion times So I'm not going to go into too much depth about this But I added on three little red embroidered hearts just to kind of add a cutesy valentine's element to this You can leave it just the plain wine bag if you wanted to or even stamp on some hearts If you wanted to whatever you want to do but look how great this looks in the end So you can slip your wine bottle in and I used a tiny piece of leftover Paper from that Polaroid project I did earlier and I wrote two bae on it because this is for bae And then I pulled off a little bit of like some twine And all you have to do to finish this off is just wrap your little tag on the top Taya bow and that finishes off your little wine wrapper. How freaking adorable is this and it's customizable too So it's perfect Alrighty so those are my projects today I hope that you guys enjoyed these valentine's decor DIY inspired gift ideas These are such great just like gift ideas, of course But also if you wanted to make those coasters for yourself Feel free to if you wanted to make yourself your own love necklace feel free to make yourself whatever you please But yeah, thank you guys so much for watching. It means the most to me I hope everyone has an amazing and loving valentine's day And if you're not already make sure to subscribe to my channel I post brand new videos every single week here on room decor DIY home decor Room makeovers transformations all of the above just tons of fun stuff So I'd love to see you back on the channel and I will catch you all in the next video Have an amazing rest of your day and bye guys


Hello everybody! Here is ITN News on headmaster of the channel. In today's issue you'll see How to tame a drone Android 13 Games by Moon Clock Studio The world's first browser And a speaker as thin as paper How to tame a drone A compact selfie drone named Pixi Snapchat presented a pocket-sized selfie drone they have named Pixi. The device is designed to take a matter of photos and it works with a messenger app of the same name. There is no remote control tool, so the drone follows a predefined fine path that you can select by turning the dial. Together, with a removable battery, the gadget only weighs 101 grams. The manufacturer promises the battery life is enough for seven flights of 10 to 20 seconds each. Then the battery can be replaced and the drone can fly again. Each additional battery comes at the price of $20, and the dual charging device for two batteries will cost you $15. Pixi supports a 12 megapixel camera and a memory module of 16 gigabytes to store everything it has filmed or shot. As it flies around, all data can be synced with the Snapchat app, so you can edit the Pixi videos later and then share them with others. The device takes off from your palm and then starts following your movements and film them or take pictures. To finish the flight, just put your hand forward and the drone will land onto your palm. With this easy-to-use control method, there is no remote control option and the flight process is fully automated. The basic configuration with one battery and a USB-C cable for charging cost $230 USD. If you want an advancement configuration with two batteries and a special charger, you'll have to pay $250 USD. The first beta for Android 13 Google has released the first beta version for Android 13, its mobile operating system. At the moment, the test build is only available for Pixel smartphones. By now, the update is stated to have only a few new features and most changes are a kind of face lifting. And here is what has changed so far. In the media player, the timeline showing how far a song has progressed is now animated and the part of the song which has already played is shown in a wavy line. Google claims that such approach helps users estimate the playback time at a glance. The clipboard has improved, now the user interface lets you control which text was copied and from which of your applications. In the same menu, you can edit the copied text in the clipboard before pasting. Smart home controls are now accessible without having to unlock your phone first. There are 16 dynamic color themes for the operating system that you can choose from. The system notification icon has been redesigned and in the silent mode, they have brought back vibrations and haptics. The first beta should be followed with three other test builds before August 2022. With that, we should expect a final release. Game developers from Moon Clock Studio released a news wash them all game Death to Enemies. The player has to bomb the enemy armor which is trying to escape from the famous village of Chernobyl, Ivka. The authors mock the enemies and combat them to cockroaches that need to be killed with folded newspapers, fly swishers, hammers and slippers. Before every new wave of invaders, you are shown a mini-skatch that really kills the Russia's regime and tells you about the cynical and absent nature of what's going on in Russia. The main characters are the well-known leaders of the bloodthirsty state. The developers condemn Russian aggression against Ukraine and the acts of terrorism they commit against the civil population of Ukrainian cities. So they released their second game about the war against the Russian Federation. They say other games are created to collect money for the Ukrainian army and humanitarian needs and to rebuild Ukraine. Their first project was Putlakaput. They made it to keep people's morale high and encouraged them to donate for the armed forces of Ukraine. The games are designed by two indie developers from Lviv and Harkiv, Serhiy Shirayev and Denis Kupets. They entered the game industry a few years ago and before the 24th of February they were working on an adventure project. The first publicly available browser in the world. On the 30th of April 1993 an internet browser called World Wide Web and its source code were released into the public domain. It was created by the famous British programmer and software developer Timothy Berners-Lee, the man behind the idea of a global network. Berners-Lee began developing the browser in the autumn of 1990 as a part of practical implementation of his plan to create a hypertext network. Berners-Lee was doing it with the app called Interface Builder, which worked with one of the latest operating systems of those days, Next Step, which was meant for Next Computers. It was Steve Jobs' project after he left Apple. After several months of intensive work, the first released version of the browser was ready in December 1990, a few days before Christmas, with monochrome displays used in NXT computers at that time. This is how it looked and almost modern and easy to recognize image. The news about such a promising, tool-less browser quickly spread in newsnet news groups. Other developers joined in to work on Berners-Lee's project. However, World Wide Web lost its positions quite soon and gave way to other projects. As early as 1993, Mosaic browser came to replace it. And as speaker, as thin as paper, engineers from Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a paper-thin loudspeaker that can make any surface become an active sound source. It plays audio with minimal distortion, while using only a small percentage of the energy required by traditional loudspeaker. The engineers say that this loudspeaker, which is the size of a human palm, can generate sound regardless of what surface it is put onto. The loudspeaker design is built on a combination of plastic spacers and piezoelectric material. On a thin layer of such piezoelectric material, there are tiny domes which vibrate individually. These domes, each only a few hair widths across, are surrounded by spacer layers on the top and bottom of the field that protect them from the mountain surface while still enabling them to vibrate freely. The loudspeaker only needs 100 mW of power per square meter of its area. The sound level reaches 66 dB at 25 volts of power and the rate of 1 kHz. That is, with a relatively low energy consumption, the speaker can reach the conversational level of sound. If the frequency is increased to 10 kHz, the sound pressure level rises to 86 dB, which is about the volume level of city traffic. The loudspeaker can provide active noise cancellation in noisy environments, such as an airplane cockpit. If it generates sound of the same amplitude but with the opposite phase, an effect can be achieved when the two sounds, the sound of the engines and the sound of the speaker, just cancel each other out. The device could also be used for immersive entertainment, for example, by providing three-dimensional audio in a theater or theme park ride, being lightweight and needing such a small amount of power to work. The loudspeaker is good for mobile gadgets whose battery life is always limited. And that is all for now. Hit the like button, post a comment if you wish and see you soon. Hello friends! If you need to recover deleted data, view or restore removed browse and history, Hetman software products will help you. Follow the link in the description, download the necessary program for free, install it and analyze the disk. The utility will show you the data you can recover, so you will be able to view it or get it back. In our channel and blog you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments under the videos or articles. While you're watching this video, civilians in Ukraine are dying from attacks in bombardments of the Russian Federation. Putin's insane regime has attacked a peaceful country in the very heart of Europe. Support the Ukrainian army by making a contribution to the font Come Back Alive. Use the QR code, all the link below the video, to transfer any amount of money that will boost screening resistance and help encounter Russia's designable invasion.


Hey guys, all right, here it we are with part two of the fabric scrap embellishments Part of our sort of halfway art little series that we've unintentionally created over here on my channel I really love these sort of handmade Embellishments that could be of course standalone little pieces of art strips of art or more importantly in my working space They are handmade embellishments. I can use in other art. I love being able to not only be limited to Store-bought things, but I love more importantly to have handmade things to look to use in my art As Tracy Bautista would say leveraging your own art Here I'm making another strip out of just scraps these little fabric samples calico samples I got from my friend Jerry Bellini and I decided to make a homemade sort of mixed-media strip of fabric embellishment with them I Really love them. I literally just unstable. They were stapled together I unstable them put them down with some other fabrics at random and then put some more things on top of them I really love what the way that piece turns out And I've already used a piece of it in something. It's really really cute I just wanted to show you a little bit more though of what you could do with this sort of thing and Give you a close-up shot of You know just really just adding the pieces. I'm not really thinking about it too much I literally am adding things at random making a giant mess on my studio floor There's that beaded trim again. I broke some needles on in fact the needle breakage may even be in this Footage here. We'll find out here in a minute because I do actually break a needle And I'm using a denim needle for this which is normally what I do when I'm working with thick fabric now my machine is Got it's a really good machine. It's made for working with thicker fabrics So generally unless you hit a bead or you have really super thick stuff then it'll have an issue but for most things in this case it does very well and But using the denim needle on any machine that you're using is smart. It's sharper stronger and when you're combining this much Fabric and pieces and parts together. It really is smart to use the denim needle And I usually use canvas and that's kind of thing a lot of burlap So really thick heavy-duty fabrics. You really need that thick needle So I just went and grabbed a piece of Distressed cheesecloth, and I'm just cutting the cheesecloth up and adding it also to my piece and I just I love the kind of raggedy way that that looks on The piece of fabric So we are going to speed forward through this. I will be back at the end I'm going to put some music here and you're going to see me create some different kind of embellishments with literally with bits and pieces Some of which you all have sent me in the round robin boxes that we did over in the my year 2017 Facebook group Some that I got in happy mail and some that my dear friends have sent me like Jerry Bellini Cindy Utter and that sort of thing. So I am going to do a little music.   I don't know what they're from They look like they're part of a belt But I did find them interesting and kept them and I love the way it turned out here on this little embellishment I hope this gives you some ideas of what you can do Don't forget to check out the video description for links to all my Facebook groups links to my etsy etsy shop If you want to support my channel happy mail address and so much more check it out and the most important thing Go out and have a great day. Make some scrappy fabric embellishments and Enjoy your art have fun with it express yourself and Don't forget to do something nice for yourself because you deserve it and I'll see you guys later. Bye guys