we will start now in the last two classes we have learnt two things what is the first thing we learnt first thing we learnt was that we do not have much knowledge in chemical reaction engineering and chemical reaction engineering is the basis for entire chemical engineering okay and then second thing atleast I asked you to learn is the attitude for learning or the pleasure in learning so it is very easy to waste time in anywhere in 80 meters also it is nowhere different you have many many different things here to waste your time so but without going to that mode of wasting time you try to read the books or try to read some papers or you know whatever interested problem for you or interested course okay spend more time with books rather than with you know other things computer also you should not spend so much time unless it is really required computer is one thing which distracts a lot so these are the things we learnt that means you know I try to change your mind a little bit for active learning right and two years particularly for M Tech is a very short time and three years for MS and MS people also can submit within two years also theoretically speaking one and half years you can submit the thesis MS people right so that is very short time to learn but it does not mean that you stay here ten years or twelve years okay so that is also too long time to learn also because I think you know you will get bored and then slowly lethargy everything will come so that is why there is optimum time you know for you two years for M Tech and three to four years for PhD then that time should be very optimally used so at the end of that four years you should see yourself a different person if you look at yourself particularly in the mirror okay that is why everyday you see mirror and try to change the try to look at that change whether when do you have that change you will suddenly have all this kind of things will come most of the time suddenly okay you discover at least suddenly it the progress may be change in that change may be very very slow but suddenly one day you discover that yes now I changed that means change means not physically your nose will not change or you will not have three eyes okay and then four legs or ten legs so you do not have but only problem is that your attitude in learning and suddenly that beauty of learning something that happiness you will see that happiness will come when you learn some concept on your own or after discussing with some people everything you do not have to learn on your own so that is the happiness you have to search for during this time here then I will tell you one concept thoroughly learning okay either with discussion or on your own then you yourself feel that happiness and no one you cannot share that happiness with others even if you go and tell your friends that oh my god I am very happy now because I learnt this a small concept which I never knew earlier I had lot of difficulty in learning that concept but now suddenly I see the clarity in that concept they may think that I am mad fellow I think you know you will be talking like that that they may say but that your own pleasure is more important for you so these are the things which we have learnt in the last two classes and now we thought that we do not have that much knowledge in chemical reaction engineering and chemical reaction engineering is the main topic in chemical engineering that is the only subject which can differentiate with any other engineering I will tell you why you know in course of time but right now I think I do not want to explain that now itself so it is unique course that is why it needs some background of asking even what is chemical engineering okay so you know that without chemical reaction you cannot produce anything that is why my first question would be I will write the questions here I do not use most of the time this PPT I use only this boat so the first question is what is chemical engineering and second question also we will ask that what does a chemical engineer do yeah the third question is how does any chemical process any chemical process okay so actually by looking at the questions you can learn a lot that is why you have to question everything whatever you want to learn first question then if you get the answer to that question correctly then you know what is happening there so you have the sufficient knowledge then the fourth question will be what is chemical reaction engineering yeah and okay fifth question is what is the information necessary for reactor design okay and last question here is homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions yeah these are the questions I hope you can see my handwriting okay you can understand okay good so these are the questions and the first question when I ask what is chemical engineering can you define now what is chemical engineering and you say few words what is chemical engineering yeah good yeah any other definition you understood now what he says repeat again it is the science that they that involves the processes involved in changing raw material to a given product yeah it is the science he says okay yeah but what the question I am asking is engineering what is chemical engineering so he says it is science it is not wrong it is correct only but any other definitions you know because it deals units operations can you call it is chemical engineering because you know he is right every time different people will tell different definitions for chemical engineering but when you want to explain what is chemical engineering it needs some time for you that means you have to understand what is happening in chemical engineering then only you can tell any other definitions he says unit operations deals with unit operations so that means there are no unit processes there is no process control nothing only unit operations is chemical engineering you see how many things you know we are missing by saying that right but again you are not wrong you are right because everyone is right when they are giving the definition because that is what at this point of time they understand that is chemical engineering yeah any other definition yeah so you see now there is only again that means he does not bother about unit operations he only designs the reactor and that is chemical engineering that is chemical engineering right so like that we do not have a particular definition for chemical engineering all of you are right so at this point of time really you should know you should be able to explain my thumb rule is that always you should be able to explain to your brother or sister which is I mean who is younger to you then if they are able to understand you are able to understand what is chemical engineering that is what is your thumb rule they should not run away the moment you open your mouth right so that is why if you are able to convince them this is what is chemical engineering that is what I mean which means you have to explain in a very very simple words like even Gany what he said is you know he won't understand can you repeat again it is a science deals with dealing with yeah because he does not first of all what is science do we know what is science what is the definition of science okay so this is official definition where official definitions most of the time you don't understand clearly these are only a bunch of words but for that you need lot of information in your mind the information should flow in your blood then only you will try to explain that like for example if I ask you to explain okay that is the definition so what is chemical engineering in simple words the simplest thing which I find is that chemical engineers produce chemicals on very large scale okay this very large scale is very important why chemist also is producing chemicals right so the moment now you know that you are trying to produce on large scale I can give you a very simple examples chemist we have also some chemist here okay you have also done physical chemistry experiments or organic synthesis experiments okay all of us have done in our B Tech days so what do we do if you want to produce a new chemical how much you take in the laboratory milligrams may be 100 milligrams of A one component and another 100 milligrams of other component right so then what you do you put that in the test tube right and then after putting this 100 grams 100 grams then temperature is required for this reaction to take place you go to bunsen burner and then you put there shake it put there shake it why do you shake it if you just put there it won't react why should I mix so all these things without even knowing yourself you do all that okay so at the end how much product they get something may operate also so then you may get you won't they won't get 200 milligrams they may get only 150 milligrams or 160 milligrams okay and then you try to remove that product from there and then try to find out whether you have really that product or not by some other chemical test now just imagine you want to produce one ton of sulfuric acid can you put that in a test tube go and shake it okay so that is where the engineering principles will come right in for example even when you are trying to produce some chemical large scale may be one ton scale 500 grams 500 kg is 500 kg is then you charge these in a batch reactor let us imagine simply batch reactor first right and then it is one ton capacity you don't know how to shake it so that's why you have to put a stirrer that is an engineering problem right so you have to learn principles of engineering where this mixing principles right so this is what what you study in subject yeah mechanical operations are sometimes fluid mechanics fluid mechanics also they have mixing chapters okay so then that information that engineering knowledge will give you how to design a stirrer and there are various kinds of stirrers it is not one kind of stirrer there are so many kinds of stirrers so now you have to see with your experience with your knowledge in that subject and you know what kind of stirrer is the best for this fluid so that means what is that you are trying to do again you are trying to find out what are the physical characteristics of this fluid what you are dealing it is whether it is highly viscous or it is only Newtonian fluid or non-Newtonian fluid means again you will have different you know it is not easy to mix or whether you have solids and you see one reactant may be in solids form another reactant may be in liquid form so then how do you stir this right or it may be one liquid is in gaseous form and another liquid is in liquid so now this liquid will be bubbling yeah the gas will be bubbling through liquid like you have seen no soda or pepsi cola whatever you see that kind of bubbles now you have to stir them okay stirring means again when you have this kind of two different phases like gas and liquid how do you ensure that you have good mixing that is what we do in chemical engineering and these principles or this engineering knowledge is not required for a chemist their job is we cannot blame them because they need not worry about this kind of large scale production at all right their duty is whether a new reaction they can find or not which will be useful for the society for the humans either may be in terms of medicines or it may be in terms of some intermediate for this medicine or it may be some paint or it may be some other you know some acid or it may be benzene or toluene some other new component where it will be useful or some plastic component before that you know that a chemical reaction should take place so this is what is you know that engineering principles right so that is why when you talk about chemical engineering what you do is that on large scale you have to use always engineering principles because we are dealing with chemicals it is called chemical engineering right so now other thing which I want to tell is that you have only talked about mixing right what about heat transfer because now you have taken this test tube put in the Bunsen burner and then you know exposed that for temperature because the diameter of the tube is very very small heat is uniformly distributed so by shaking even inside that liquid also will have uniform distribution so there is a possibility for the reaction to take place throughout that small volume uniformly so that is why you are shaking there right but that we cannot do on one ton scale so what I have to do now stirrer we put but how do I supply heat right it may not be supply heat sometimes you have to remove heat because if it is highly exothermic reaction you do not want that kind of heat to be generated because you know it may catch fire or it may spoil the product so that is why you have to control the temperature that means you have to remove heat what do you do yeah you cooling jackets again many questions will come where do you put this cooling jackets directly inside the reactor or outside why outside why not inside so all these things are chemical engineering subjects these all form engineering subjects but when you talk about that chemical reaction alone how your molecule is going to attack another molecule and then the collision of these two molecules will give the product that is the science he is not bothered about how it is removed at all at that time when a molecule is coming and eating another molecule and that energetic collisions will give you the products all that theories we have right so for all that you need not use any engineering principles there only thing is one molecule you visualize another molecule will come collide and then the resulting collisions some energetic collisions will give the product so now he has to interpret okay when so many molecules are coming and colliding how do I find out what is the rate of reaction because finally so many molecules are colliding so much product is formed so now what is the formation of product rate of formation similarly the opposite part of that is what is the rate of reaction because when the rate of reaction is happening only production is happening right so that is why that is why you have you know leon spiel great word is minus r a okay you only popularized that minus r a for us minus r a means rate of reaction for the reactants right so products normally we never use so but that is the sign spot for us okay so that is why chemical engineering one of the simplest definitions is that chemical engineers produce chemicals on very large scale that large scale is nothing but chemical engineering why for example I told you heat transfer you read in chemical engineering and mixing you read in chemical engineering and when I also have the batch system so I told you this mixing also come in fluid mechanics that means fluid is moving and also after completing your reaction you have to discharge that products and then you have to send it to some other maybe distillation column to separate again if the unreacted reactant and product so that means that is the mass transfer equipment that also sometimes they do chemistry do right how do they do that they also have very small distillation column it is single stage only one baker and then just heat it and the vapor will come condense in a simple condenser and then they get the product but imagine that to be done on a very large scale with you know hundreds of tons per day what kind of big size of condensers you require that is why we went to distillation which is a wonderful operation right so all these things in a fluid flow automatically comes mass transfer distillation is mass transfer operation because you are separating two that means you are making two components move separately okay mass is moving from one place to the other place right so from liquid to the vapor and then you condense and again take it that is what is mass transfer so now if you want to control the reaction temperature automatically controls will come so now you see you know fluid mechanics automatically coming mass transfer automatically coming control automatically coming and you know material and energy balance comes much before that because you know how how much you have to put in the reactor how much will come out depending on the conversion so all these things all subjects are covered now right so chemical engineering is is the field where you produce chemicals on large scale you try to explain this to your brother or sister they will happily understand that you are giving examples now so because we are we have to produce very large amounts so we cannot take small equipment and then shake it and then take the product so we have to I mean mix thoroughly and you can also tell that you know mother is mixing in the kitchen with you know some kind of spoon okay or you have that big spoon and all that so with that she will also stir when she is cooking sambar again uniform right so even I think that kind of big spoons also not possible so that is why we have to go for real stirrers with different shapes and sizes so that is what what we read in chemical engineering then he understands okay so that is why starting point is chemical chemical reaction engineering chemical reactions and then automatically all subjects will form they have to support this particular reaction that is why always I have that dream I told I will think my earlier students also this dream is to have flow chart with only reactor that is the minimum flow chart that you can have if I have a reactor I designed a reactor where the reaction is taking place at room temperature okay because many biochemical reactions are taking place at room temperature there is 100 percent conversion okay now I also have pure reactants what do I need and also 100 percent conversion pure reactants will go to pure products so directly you can send the products to supermarkets only thing is fluid flow you should have pipes or you should have some conveyor belts where you can just directly send to supermarkets so that is what is a beautiful subject for chemical technology where you do not have to remember any other equipment now we know what is the what the hell you had when you are preparing for chemical technology examination how many flow charts you have to remember right so I know most of you would have remember I also did the same thing right so all of us try to remember only as much as possible after the examination once needs everything will come out forget so tomorrow you do not know what you have written yesterday in that examination so that will be beautiful now if you are able to design this dream flow chart that is my dream okay we cannot we have only this kind of reactions if possible unfortunately they are not possible we do not know after 100 years 200 years it may be possible right so that is why that flow chart you will have for each and every chemical where you have heat transfer equipment heat transfer you have to study mass transfer equipment mass transfer you have to study flow you will have and also you know storage vessels you will have so all that learning is chemical engineering we do not have to tell you a particular definition I told you definitions will be always difficult to remember anyway I am going to tell you the official definition okay you have to note down and then keep it with you but the simplest one is that okay and I have we have forgotten one very important subject I have not told you till now what is that thermodynamics where does that come yeah actually thermodynamics is the god says possible not possible not possible means you cannot do anything possible means you can do something yeah okay reactions plus anything else equilibrium diagram yeah where do you think where do you sorry thermodynamics will tell you how much percent is combustion that is kentics how far the reaction that is how fast thermodynamics cannot it is only kentics initial and the first state the initial and the last state can be said by thermodynamics yeah I mean okay reaction we say that you know it is feasible or not that is that is that is information you get but how fast means only you have to go to kentics that is what is the reaction engineering okay that is why it is science because when you are looking at molecular level it is science when you are looking at bulk level that means okay forget about molecules I will put my maybe you know to study the kinetics maybe one kg of one material another kg of another material now there are millions and billions of molecules in that I do not worry how they are reacting but after waiting for 10 minutes I will see the product so that means you are now looking macroscopically in the system and then try to find out at the end at the end means maybe you know every when you want to find out a concentration with respect to time so every time maybe five minutes five minutes five minutes five minutes you try to check whether reaction is happening or not that is what is again reaction engineering you are not really talking about science there science is that going into the molecules and then try to find out okay in what way in what angle this molecule is going and colliding another angle I mean another molecule only some angles may result into product and then you try to because all of us are ambitious we want to produce as much as possible so we would like to send all the molecules in that only that orientation where you get maximum product okay that is scientific theory I know experiments also they can do and then they can prove that right so this is what is the one of the simplest definitions of chemical engineering where you simply say that okay we produce anything any chemical on very very large scales that large also is really large if you go to ammonia production where they use for fertilizers and all that the plants may be 10,000 tons per day 10,000 tons per day 10,000 into another 1000 kgs per day 24 hours you have to produce that like that even sulphuric acid you know that bulk chemicals where large amounts you produce and the beauty there is you go to that large scale and also you produce maybe 1 kg 2 kg very costly medicines you cannot produce more than that okay for example in biochemical engineering particularly extraction of some chemicals from you know kidney liver and all that you know we also do that in biochemical engineering biochemical engineering is no way different than chemical engineering okay so that is what is the simplest definition you remember this what I explained right what is that you are trying to do in chemical engineering and if someone ask this is the problem I think even now many people in even in IIT Madras some I think I stayed here almost 30, 32 years even now some of my letters will go to chemistry department that means people do not know the difference between chemistry and chemical engineering okay but it is very good and my another thing which I started saying last 4, 5 years suddenly that idea came to me is chemical engineering starts when chemistry stops very nice no repeat what I said chemistry stops where does the where do they stop small scale small scale that is all I think that is very simplest one to remember again I told also in one of the conferences as I mean this is inauguration for chemistry conference I told that I mean we are cousin brothers but you go to till certain place afterwards we continue the journey so then I said I first told this sentence you know chemical engineering starts when chemistry stops that is one of the simplest definitions also which you can give then you can explain what do you mean by that right because many people do not know I think only you know you should know then only you should tell otherwise otherwise if they ask okay tell then you may not know right so this is what most of the time it is happening to you in interviews only for your happiness or for some great effect use very difficult term okay nanotechnology use then when I ask okay tell me what is nanotechnology that is all I think you know only nanotechnology you cannot so nanotechnology nanotechnology because you do not know you do not have even one example where this nanotechnology really works okay I mean nature has started already nanotechnology right I think big bang theory you know all fundamental particles and that build up slowly whatever shape it wanted of course that is by nature it has done it but humanly we want to do the same thing that is what is nanotechnology right till now the molecules the way they are combining you allowed them to combine but now we do not want to allow them the way they want to combine we want to have our own type of you know the products that is why I think you know this I have been telling also some of our friends are here already taken this course and you know I tell this example always I was in Malaysia for 2 years teaching and I was teaching CRE course and then I asked how do you produce sulfuric acid so I asked I think in Malaysia you know we think that there is a Muslim country no freedom for ladies by God they have tremendous freedom in fact in our country our ladies do not have that much freedom if I look at any time on the roads more than 50 percent of the drivers you know their own vehicles or ladies and any office you go more than 50 percent are girls okay in the class in my class 60 percent were girls in chemical engineering so normally chemical engineering we may not get many I think you know electronics they may get many or in sciences our people get so like that you know there are many girls and one girl I asked okay please tell me what is how do you produce she says no problems are I think very very easy you take H2 you take yes and you take O4 put them in one place you will get HDSO4 you know really all the people love like this only I told no I think she is terminator 10 not 1 2 3 because all terminators come from our future so she has come from your future because she is now imagining that future knowledge where after may be 100 years we may be doing the same thing that is what you are supposed to do in nanotechnology you have to control the products the way you want how do you start you have to start from molecules the nature does that how our body is formed you know I mean at the level of you know that sperm and egg level where is the shape there is no shape there no we I mean the sperm has separated shape and egg has its own shape but by combining those two and then the DNA information in may be one month you will have one shape it is not true only for humans I think for all life you know all the mammals after two months it you have different shape and at the end of ninth month we are here okay the shape will not change I think only slightly it may change till 19th year or 18th year teens okay so you see that is nanotechnology it is building up from the molecules because now we want to control that at molecular level you need lot of sophistication for doing this why molecules you cannot see you have to catch one molecule H2 and then catch another S2 S and then put them together and then bring O4 join together and then give the H2 SO4 in fact we may reach you know we do not know after 200 300 years later that may be what what we are doing if you go to doctor at that time he will just call you okay this is the disease you have so this is the medicine he may pull out all these molecules benzene toluene and all that together no really it may happen it is really beautiful that is why life is so beautiful if you imagine all these possibilities and we came to this level because of our imagination only this level we have reached because of our imagination we are able to fly very happily in sky with that big flights where we have you know that particularly airbus 800 or something is there where my god it is like this building I say more than this building size wise how beautifully it is flying how did you get this we got that because we have observed birds fly and you felt sorry that and I do not have wings to fly okay and then even people tried that they had wings you know that condor man or something they call so they jump from buildings broken their legs and all that so many many people tried that okay it is their sacrifice what happily afterwards I think who are the people right right brothers yeah right brothers it seems they used to go to these birds wherever they have in the water they used to simply observe it seems how the birds are taking off when they are flying and when they land how they land okay catching fish and all that they do not bother okay but only flying and then landing only our birds can know they are flying and then also landing there only to catch fish so that they can eat and then you know survive that is their food but we are not doing that we want to fly how beautifully it is now rackets and most wonderful thing is my god billions of miles away someone takes the photograph that comes to earth with a beautiful picture what kind of you know our medicines how many lives are saved you know because of our medicines produced by you know pharmacists and chemical engineers and biochemists how many I think you know and chemical engineers saved the world I do not know whether you know this or not because at one point of time particularly Haber process for ammonia and why he was so much interested in having this ammonia process finally to be used as fertilizers only for that okay at that time population is increasing but fertilize I mean the the growth without any additional fertilizer the growth of food is not that much production of food so that is why at one point of time chemical engineers really saved by producing large amounts of fertilizers where the productivity increased five times ten times with the same land area is same but from the same land because of putting these fertilizers then they got more and more you know all the whatever they produce wheat or whatever right so that is all fruits vegetables all that they could produce that is why I think we also contributed for saving the world and also another saving the world is penicillin penicillin invention is one of the greatest you know stories for chemical engineers also for bio chemists chemical engineers and even doctors all these three people together they worked and then finally they could produce during second world war penicillin and then that penicillin saved many many lives many families were happy otherwise I think you know many people would have would have been without fathers in that family right because at that time only only men were fighting women were only at home right so that saved lot of lives so like that the chemical engineering contributions just by learning thermodynamics heat transfer mass transfer fluid mechanics that is all that is again one of the beautiest parts which I like in chemical engineering any chemical you bring in the world only five subjects correct no what are the five subjects of course reaction engineering is one mass transfer heat transfer and momentum transfer if you combine all these three as transport phenomena that also will become only one subject right and then of course material and energy balance of thermodynamics thermodynamics will tell you whether what is possible what is not possible right so that is why now onwards please try to explain you know you catch some of you see here you may be happily enjoying and then you know you thought that you have understood but the moment again you cross the door you may forget that is why you have to repeat yourself that is why in your room you repeat what you have learnt here just sit down and then try to because we don't tell many things you know this entire class I have just told you what is chemical engineering only one point to make that one point we give so many examples that is all in every class there will be only one point or two points the moment you go home you just note down that point and the explanation and all that you catch someone you catch some computer science guy in your room in your hostel okay and then take him for tea and then start telling this okay girls also right yeah so till he gets bored because you know he cannot immediately run away because you bought him tea so I think that is the tea is over he will be there with you so till that time I think you can tell that you know it is only whether he listens or not don't worry because most of us are like that we sit here our mind can go somewhere right that is what I that is why I told you I like matrix movie because of that because you sit in the chair put that rod here you go anywhere you know right so that is why all of you should see that movie right that matrix so that is what because that is what what we do he has shown that in a beautiful way in that movie all the time we do that right now you may be listening to me but your mind would have been thinking okay may be thinking next class may be thinking for those people who do not have next class they may be thinking food you know so many things in your mind right so that is why I think this one chemical engineering itself if you are now tied to tell or you discuss on your own with your friends all chemical engineers together then you will not forget otherwise if you simply go out of this room and then okay let me see when the when it comes to examination or not so most of the time you know we postpone till examination right so if you are trying to do that you will not learn much I tell you in any class you will not have more than one or two concepts in every point not even concepts okay I think I will stop here and yeah this is what is the first question entire semester I can talk about these four questions


Site analysis is a preliminary phase of architectural and urban design processes dedicated to the study of the climatic, geographical, historical, legal, and infrastructural context of a specific site. The result of this analytic process is a summary, usually a graphical sketch, which sets in relation the relevant environmental information with the morphology of the site in terms of parcel, topography, and built environment. This result is then used as a starting point for the development of environment-related strategies during the design process. The number of graphical tools for site analysis have been developed to assist designers in this task. Examples of traditional climate-related site analysis tools are the Sun Dial, the Sun Path diagram, the Radiation Square, the Wind Rows, and the Wind Square. These conventional methods of site analysis are efficient in simple sides with irrelevant close obstructions, where the analysis can be reduced to the parcel at the ground level or even exclusively to its center point. More elaborated techniques, like volumetric site analysis, can instead be used to study more intricate and obstructed sites like those of high and dense urban settings.


Γεια σας! Είμαι Βικηγέρα και καλώς ήρθατε back! Σήμερα θα προσπαθώ να χρησιμοποιήσω νέες πρόταξες από την τελευταία κολλεκτινότητα από τα μου καλύτερες πράγματα. Αν θέλετε να δείτε την καλύτερη κολλεκτινότητα, έχω ένα βίντεο εμποξημένο που θα δείξω στο τελευταίο της αυτής. Τώρα θα χρησιμοποιήσω αυτές τις βόρτες, αυτές είναι καλύτερα για να δημιουργήσω λεπτά. Θα χρησιμοποιήσω αυτές δύο για να δημιουργήσω δυνατότητα λεπτά που μπορώ να μιλάω ένα στον τον άλλο. Αν έχω τα πάντα συνήθεια, θα δώσω μεγάλο βασίδιο. Για αυτό θα χρησιμοποιήσω τα δυστρασία ωξάιττών και θα ξεκινήσω με χρήμα στίχης κολλεκτινότητα, που είναι το λεπτοί τελευταίο της λογας, τότε θα χρησιμοποιήσω για το σαλτιώμα και δυνατής θα χρησιμοποιήσω το εύκολο, που είναι το σχέδρος κολλεκτινότητα. για ένα νομπροεφέκτο, το οποίο θα σημαίνει καλύτερο για το νομπροφόρο μου. Τώρα, στον πάνω μου, μπορείς να δείτε ότι έχω ένα λίγο μπου-μπου. Αυτό ήταν γιατί δεν μπορώ να κουβερήσω τίποτα το πέμπρο. Αυτό ήταν γιατί είχαμε σκέψει το πέμπρο, όμως είχα το πέμπρο και πιστεύω ότι είχα κάποιο ρεγιδό. Αλλά αυτό δεν είναι ένα πρόβλημα και έχω το ίδιο σημαντικό σημαντικό σημαντικό. Στον πίστο εγώ βοηθώ στην άλλη σημαντική σημαντική πέμπρο και με την άλλη θα θα είναι κοβερνή με άλλες ελληνικά. Δεν είμαι πολύ σημαντικός με αυτό. Και θα δείτε ότι είμαι μπροσφετικός με διάφορες τελικά μπροσφετικές λίγες. Είμαι κάνει αυτό γιατί έχω εγώ και θέλω να δώσω όλα τα λίγες που έχω στον πάνω μου. Αλλά το πρώτο που χρησιμοποιήσαμε ήταν πολύ μεγάρι, οπότε ήταν καλύτερο για να κοβερήσω ένα μεγάλη αρκετά. Αυτό είναι μικρό. Δεν θέλω να κοβερνώ το πάνω, θέλω να δώσω πιο κομμάτι στο βοηθό μου. Αλλά όχι μπροσφετικό σημαντικό που έχεις, θα καταστρέψεις για αυτή τη διοργία. Άσως να μην πει πολύ πραγματικό, πρέπει να παίρνεις αυτοί. Οι εξοδεξογηστοί είναι σημαντικο να μπροσφετήσουν. Είναι πολύ εύκολο. Λοιπόν, όχι μπροσφετικό που έχεις, θα θα έχεις δυνατές βασικές λίγες. Οι πάνερες είναι έτοιμοι και ελπίζω ό,τι θέλω να τα δείχνω. Τώρα θα κάνω ένα τεχνικό τεχνικό. Έχω εδώ ένα Βερσα-Μαρκ-Νκ και θα προσπαθήσω κάποια από το Βερσα-Μαρκ-Νκ προς το κέντρο, όπου το κέντρο είναι. Και μετά από αυτό θα προσπαθήσω κάποια βασική κομμάτι. Θα χρησιμοποιήσω ένα βασικό κομμάτι, για να κάνω το κομμάτι στο κέντρο από τα βασικά, αλλά ένα βασικό κομμάτι θα δεύει. Θα κάνω the same thing on the other panel and then I'm going to use my heatcam to melt the embossing powder. I'm not going for a perfect look here. The messier, the better, it's going to look really realistic.  If you like the look you can add even bigger and more splashes I'm just happy with how it looks at the moment. I'm going to add some foam tape at the back and then stick this panel on top of the smaller one. This way I have some dimension with waves one on top of the other. Now I'm going to add some foam tape at the bottom of the panel to even it up and stick this panel on top of a pre-folded card. I have one here which is four and a quarter by five and a half. Now of course my ocean is ready all I have to do is to start adding little focal points on top of that using stamps from the Best Fins stamp set. This is a new stamp set from the June release by my favorite things. I'm going to stamp all the images with black extreme ink by my favorite things. This is an alcohol friendly ink so it's not going to smudge or smear since I'm planning to use my alcohol markers. For coloring all my images today I'm using my three blend alcohol markers. These are by Spectrum Noir and I find them really handy just because in one barrel you get all three shades light, medium and dark. So I find that it is really quick and easy way to color in your images. And I do have a video review on these markers which I'm going to link at the end of this one. The green marker that I'm using here is called Alpine Green Blend. Then I will switch into I have stamped a couple of corals for the first one I'm using this marker which is the Burnt Orange Blend and you can see I'm using the darker shade here to add some shadows then moving on to the middle shade. Here and there this is a small image so you don't really need to do a lot of blending. And finally I will switch to the lighter shade for the tips of my coral. For the second coral I'm going to use the Coral Saids marker. The fun part about these three blend markers is that they are super easy to store. You don't have to keep shades that blend nicely together close by. You just throw them in a pencil case and once you grab a marker you know that you have already three shades that they are going to work perfectly together.  I always like to play a little bit with the placement of all the elements and then once I'm happy I'm going to stick everything down with my glue. I'm not going to use any foam tape here. Everything is going to lay flat on top of my ocean just because I already have dimension at the back of my waves. For sticking everything down I'm using my Nouveau Deluxe glue. I am a big fan of this glue just because it grabs really quickly. It never clogs on me and it has a really fine tip. I used my scissors to cut off any excess paper just to make sure that everything is nice and neat and now all I have to do is to stamp the sentiment. For that I'm going to use my misti because I have already finished my card and I don't want to make any booboos now that everything is done. The sentiment that says sending an ocean of love is from the same stamp set as the rest of the fish and I'm going to finish it off by sticking some bubbles on top of that. Now when I stick the bubble on top it's going to look white however the glue is going to dry clear and you can see how the card looks at the end here on the close-up photos. It's a really fun card super colorful and I absolutely love underwater scenes. So now let's move on on another card and for this one I'm going to have my cut ginger as the focal point. Now the stamp set that I'm using here is called Catastrophe and it is one from the latest release by my favorite things. I'm going to pick one of the cuts I'm also going to stamp a speech balloon and also the fish bowl so I'm going to create a little scene where ginger is making a mess. I'm stamping everything with extreme black ink pad just because it is alcohol friendly and I will use my alcohol markers again to color everything. So since I had my triblent markers on my table again I'm using the pink one that is called pale pink shades to color the ears as well as the nose and I blend it out the pink on the ears with a blender marker and of course I have to color my cut in oranges just because this is supposed to be ginger so I'm going to let you see how I did all the coloring leaving areas white just like my ginger is and of course keep in mind that just because you have three colors in one marker that doesn't mean that you can't mix new colors from another marker so here I'm using two markers the burnt orange blend and the gold yellow blend and I think my cut turned out super adorable and there is just the fish bowl for me to color for that I will use the aqua blue blend for the water and the coral shade for the fish I will use the matching dies to cut out all my images now to put my cut together I created this panel using this die this is an older die by my favorite things it is a pikaboo stitch window it's one of my favorites I use it all the time you have seen this featured videos for sure now I'm going to stamp my sentiment from the same stamp set as the cut and for that I'm going with embossing ink and I will apply white embossing powder heat set it and I have a lovely sentiment to go with the cut I used foam tip at the back of my panel to add some dimension and I placed this panel on top of a pre-folded cut that's four and a quarter by five and a half now I'm going to create my little scene inside that window I'm going to place the cut first and then I'm going to add the bowl again with foam tip at the back for dimension but the bowl is not going to go straight I'm going to tilt it a little bit as if the cut is being knotty I will also stick down the speech bubble and I did stamp the water meow on top of that and finally there is a very small stamp in the stamp set there are three little lines now this was meant to be stamped with Roomba to give the idea of movement and that's exactly what I'm going for on top of the bowl as if it is going to fall a super adorable cut and I'm sure that if you have a friend with a cut they absolutely love this one and of course make sure to customize the colors of your cut based on the recipient's pet and for the last cut for today I'm going to use the baby shark dies this is a standalone die but there are sentiments that match perfectly with this one now the moment I saw this one I knew exactly what I'm going for I have a nephew, the son of my brother who is turning 2 in about a month and I think this is going to make the perfect birthday card for him he loves the baby shark song so that's what I'm going for so I'm picking different colors of blue, a darker and a lighter one I'm also going to cut out the teeth from white and for the back of the mouth I'm going with black as well as for the eyes you can of course use red for the back of the mouth but I decided to go more subtle here I am preparing everything on my platform to run it through my die cutting machine but all the pieces are ready to go it's time to put my shark together for that I will use my nova deluxe glue and of course don't forget that you can color your shark any color you like it's your shark, it's going to live on your card so why don't you have a pink shark or a green one it's really up to you a shark is quite scary so try to make it as cute as possible so this is the black piece I'm going to stick now which is the inside of the mouth and of course you can go with a pink or red for that if you want to and then there are intentations exactly where you are supposed to stick this one also glue down the eyes and you are ready to go now I used the exact same technique as I did for the first card and I created a nombre look again I'm adding some splashes this is a panel that's slightly smaller than a standard card I'm going to bloat it with paper towel and I'm adding way more splashes than the first card just because this is going to be a plain background I'm going to stamp the sentiment and emboss it that's why I prepared my panel with my anti-static pillow I'm going with the finest of the sentiments here and of course the sunk was stuck on my head all day now I'm going to place my shark on top of my ocean here but I'm going to show you that it would work on a more embellished background so you can see here how it would look and you can have the fin coming out of the waves but I'm going for a more plain card now now just because this is a card that I'm making for my nephew who is turning 2 I am going to personalize it even more so I have these dies that cut out balloon numbers I'm going to cut out the number 2 out of red cardstock and now it's time to put my card together now that dieset that cuts out the balloon numbers also cut out little strings which I have cut out one of those with white cardstock and I'm going to give this balloon to my shark so he can hold it and take it on the birthday party and you know I love dimension on my card so I can't help it I have to add foam squares at the back of my shark to pop him on the card and I will do the exact same thing for the number 2 I'm going to bring in my white gel pen and just add some finishing touches like highlights on his eyes as well as highlights on the balloon and on areas of the shark and here are some close up photos on the last card for today and these were all the 3 cards that I made for today while playing with the latest release by my favorite things I hope that you had fun, that you got inspired don't forget to leave me a comment down below and let me know which one of the 3 cards was your favorite just like always you will find links to everything I used down below in the description area thank you all so much for watching and I'll see you all next time


Before we get into the video, people, I am giving away 11,500 Apex coins every month. To be in with a chance of winning them, make sure you are subbed to this channel and have that bound notification button ticked. Drop a like on the video and leave a comment down below, more details are in the video description. What is going on guys, welcome back to the channel and I do appreciate you being here. Today I bring you another Apex Legends video and today guys, I want to cover the latest news surrounding the game including the hints at a new shotgun, actual images or in-game renders of turrets, new secret animations and more. Okay so let me first off state, I apologise I may be a little late to the party and some of the things I cover today, as you guys know I'm normally the quickest to get all the latest news out there. But I have had a little break over the weekend, truly needed to be honest people. But now I'm back, so let's get into the news. Okay so a recent datamined image or in-game render has had everybody's spider senses tingling. What we have recently seen thanks to Apex League's news whose twitter can be found linked in the video description, we actually see an in-game render of Custic using a turret. Turrets we know were datamined ages back, thought to be a part of some limited time game mod by myself but besides text files we didn't have anything else to go on and let's face it these text files could be old files which were never going to be used. But yeah we were not sure initially when these turret files were found, what they could escalate into. But after this image being found it does now beg the question of when will these make an appearance over if they will. Now it's important to note this has been found after the latest update too so this has been added into the game files which makes you think. Now the Battle Pass trailer towards the end we saw flyers which people are calling dragons but just before this instance we saw what some people are believing could be turrets upon that roof even though I don't think they are turrets I think it's a Pathfinder firing a new Alstar that hasn't been confirmed by Respawn of it being a Pathfinder firing an Alstar so it could indeed be a turret we don't know the image isn't clear enough to make out but it's either a Pathfinder firing an Alstar or a turret. Now with this image and the speculation over it we have seen a lot of negativity from the community and to be honest likely so in many of those cases although I ain't against turrets making an appearance in game I ain't first if they do I'm not going to lie to you guys but when they do eventually come I want them to be a part of some limited time event and not something that will forever scar the Battle Royale side of the game. In my opinion the way the Battle Royale game mode is now in the way it plays out turrets would just not fit in at all unless that is if we saw the addition of a new mode or new event come for a short period where maybe these flowers will be introduced too maybe we'll see these turrets introduced then but just for a limited time that's it but yet the render of this turret has been found and the fact we also see an in-game illusion using it we now know that Respawn must have something planned for the future where these turrets are introduced whatever that is though let's hope they do it right okay so let's move on people now we have seen countless weapons leaked weapons from time force such as the car smg the vault smg even anti-titan weapons which were still a little bit confused about but a recent click recorded and put on reddit has everybody talking Bangalore could have just let slip a new shotgun coming to the game now since the season 1 update with a battle pass you may have noticed that when weapons are pinged by Bangalore she gives a brief description of the weapon and does the same for ammo and attachments too now a clip posted on reddit people are claiming might be a hint at a new weapon coming to the game it basically shows Bangalore pinging shotgun ammo and then saying the following shotgun ammo here good for the sure shot shotgun ammo here good for the sure shot so people many believe this is a hint at a new shotgun coming to the game indeed it could be if you search sure shot shotgun there are such weapons there's no doubt about that but there's also a curious meaning to the term sure shot which could be what's actually meant here by Bangalore's comment certain to succeed or attain the desired end guaranteed so for sure people it could be a hint at a new weapon coming to the game but yeah make of it what you please i will say that won't be the first time if it is a new weapon we've seen in game hints prior to actually seeing the weapon but we will see people we will see let me know what you think about this down below in that comment section okay so let's move on people to secret in-game animations now we have seen the secret reload animations for both the peacekeeper shotgun and the g7 scout both extremely rare what people it also seems there are secret animations for legends for doing various abilities and so forth with octane being a new legend in the game right now he quickly become one of the more popular legends and we've already seen one of the secret animations and it's when he uses his steam ability so after he just injects his juice into his head or wherever he puts it what he will do is he will remove it and then spin it around on his finger and then point in the direction you are running check it out on screen now so yeah pretty cool people but there's more one that's even rare right it seems is rave's secret animation for an ultimate now i've been using rave since day one she's by far my favorite legend and i have never seen this but another clip posted on reddit shows her doing a peace symbol or the okay hand gesture after using her ultimate check it out on screen now so yeah i have never seen that before now if you guys have ever seen any secret animation or what you think might be a secret animation let me know what it is down below in that comment section i'm pretty sure at this point every legend will have them okay so lastly guys i want to talk about secret legend skins appearing for split seconds in the game even though they ain't available yet now i saw a post about two or three days back on a caustic skin which someone had screenshotted in game which actually wasn't even available in game yet weird thing is people i actually came across the exact same thing but guys i was recording so i can show you guys so my pal was choosing caustic and i actually remember at the time saying that skin looks absolutely amazing but then it changed i checked the legend to see that the skin i saw wasn't actually available there so what i witnessed was a weird glitch but you can see this happening on screen now and you can see that caustic skin which actually ain't even in game yet now what i actually think this is it's a skin which will no doubt eventually come to the store for purchase and to be honest guys i'll probably get it because it looks amazing even though i don't even like caustic so yeah pretty weird but yeah guys we have come to the end of the video if you guys enjoyed it leaving a like really does help out if any more information drops on the game which i believe you guys need to know i will have you covered right here on my channel but guys thanks as always for stopping by i hope you enjoyed the video and hopefully i will see you on that next one


Every day I go to bed. Okay.  It's not going to be pretty. Okay. But you guys are going to fight, man. So I want to tell you thank you. Okay. David, Ben. Okay. I've never seen anything like it. Okay. I love you. Love a lot of you guys like my kids. Okay. We spent a lot of time together. We've gone five years on some of you guys. Okay. What we do here is a family. And it's going to have some good times, some bad times. Okay. But we're going to figure it out, whatever it may be. A lot of guys stepped up today. Okay. A lot of guys stepped up. Got some grass stains. Check. Blood. Check. Sweat. Check. Okay. Tape coming off. Check. And a victory. Check. We signed two guys on the same day. Okay. We signed Andrew Adams and T. Mitch. They were looking for work. And they found work. And they took advantage of their opportunities. That helped a job. Appreciate y'all, man. Y'all such a family. Thanks for taking us in. And let's keep you rolling. Let's go. Yeah, man. I'm thankful, man. Let's keep rocking. Yeah. Money-making Mitch. What up? Break it down. What you know about this? Family of three. One, two, three. Family.


If you want to go to hell, here's how. Do nothing.  Why? Because you have received this nature that causes you to sin, where you like sin. Look at children, they love to sin, and you don't have to teach them how to do so. It's just natural. And as we get older, we become better at sinning.  God doesn't have to send you there. But if you want to avoid it, then simply ignore the fact that you do sin, you need a savior, and that he has made payment that all you've got to do is place faith in that and you shall be saved. And if your life looks just like that of the world, if your words, if your thoughts are just like that of the world, then one or two things. One, it should bother you, and if it bothers you then that could be a good sign that you have the Holy Spirit in you working. If it doesn't, then that could also be a sign that you might still be on your way to hell. Rejecting yourself, denying yourself, and placing your faith in Christ, that is how to not go to hell.