Hey, what is going on guys? Welcome to a new video. So today then I wanna show you my Facebook ads retags in strategy. So the whole strategy then is based on retags in people who have already visited your store or your product page. And anybody who's used Facebook ads before then will know the retags and people that is where the cheapest conversions come from. And as you can see then I've been able to achieve some pretty cheap conversions ranging anywhere between kind of three and six pounds. And this is what I'm gonna teach you today then. So I've got my tablet in front of me and we're just gonna go through. I'm gonna draw it out for you step by step how this actual strategy works. But before we get into it then, as always I am giving away a free one to one call with me on this video. All you've gotta do then to enter the draw is simply like the video and leave a comment down below. And if you commented on my video yesterday then make sure you stay tuned to the end of this one where the winner will be announced. And that being said then guys without any further ado, let's get straight into it. What is going on then guys? So bear with me if I struggle with this because I've never done a video in this style before. But anyway, let's jump straight into it then. Let's give it our best shot. So the whole process then begins with ad set number one. So if ad set number one and the whole idea of this one particular ad set then is to bring in as much traffic as possible. So this is our traffic campaign. Now you don't just have to start with one ad set either. You can have two, three, four, five ad sets as many as possible. So you can test different audiences but because I haven't got enough space then I'm not gonna draw out five different ad sets. The whole idea pretty much is the process begins with driving as much traffic as possible. And this is gonna send people then straight to our product page. And this is going to be product number one. And then obviously the end of the process is people making a purchase. That is ideally what we want people to do but the whole idea of this first ad set then is not to get people to purchase. If they do then that's awesome but if they don't then that's not the problem because we're gonna be making the money on the back end. So anybody who doesn't make a purchase then obviously they're gonna trigger the view content and they may even add to cart as well. So they're gonna trigger that conversion objective as well. And we're gonna retarget these people then. So these are gonna be retargeted by ad set number two. And because now we're going after purchase this is essentially where we wanna convert people. This is gonna be a purchase ad set. So everybody gets retargeted by ad set two and these are all the people then. So you need to create a custom audience. Anybody who has triggered the view content or the ad to cart and not the purchase conversion objective these are the people that we're going to retarget with ad set number two. And then obviously this is gonna send people directly to the same product page. So this is still product number one. And then ultimately the process again is gonna end with them making a purchase. Now if they see a second ad set and they still not purchased that's absolutely fine. Or what's simply gonna happen is they're just gonna see keep seeing this purchase ad set here. So they're basically just gonna keep getting retargeted and keep seeing this ad set two until they do make a purchase. Now he might think that comes across as spammy but it works. There's a rule within the e-commerce world. It's called the seven rule. It's called like the golden seven rule something like that. You can Google it and essentially what it is is this company did some research and somebody has to see your brand or see your product on average seven times before they decide to actually buy from you. So if you've just been running one ad set and your frequency score is just at one or two and you're not having much luck then what you need to do is pretty much just spend more money and show you add to that same person even more times. So that's why when people first start out with Facebook ads I always recommend people go for smaller audiences because then you have that better chance of converting those people because their study proves it that people have to see your products and your brand at least seven times on average before they actually do make a purchase. So we have both of these ad sets then running simultaneously. And this is essentially kind of where the process stops but then it also continues on at the same time as well. So obviously people enter here then in ad set one this is the beginning of kind of like the sales machine and it's fully automated as well. It takes a bit of setting up with the custom audiences and the different ad sets but once it's set up then you can pretty much just leave it. Your job is just to get as many people through this first ad set or at least into your custom audiences that you've created at the beginning. So people are gonna be constantly getting re-tagged then with this second ad set and anybody who makes a purchase with ad set one and ad set two. So obviously they're gonna come out and process the other end. We're gonna re-tag it them as well because if somebody's bought one product off us as long as we've provided a good service and they're happy with the product then why would they not buy another product from us? This is where we wanna re-tag it them again. So they go into ad set number three. And again the whole idea is to convert these people again and get them to make a purchase. So this is gonna be a purchase ad set as well. And then rather than show them product one cause they've already bought product one this is gonna be product number two. And then again the process finishes with making a purchase. Now if they see that ad set number three and they don't make a purchase that's fine. They're gonna just be getting re-tagged it again and again until they do. So it's not a very straight line but you get the gist they'll go back to the ad set and keep getting re-tagged it. And if they do make a purchase then essentially they move on to ad set number four which is gonna be over there. And the process pretty much just continues and continues and continues until they've bought say four, five, six, seven or eight products off you. So as you can see it's fully automated. Once somebody enters the process over here in ad set one then essentially they become part of your sales machine and they don't leave it until they've bought the second product the third product or the fourth product. So a couple of extra details then for you just to kind of help you along the way to make sure you do it correctly. In ad set two then this one here let me change the color. Ad set two. So this is where you wanna keep an eye on your frequency score. I mentioned it before it takes somebody on average seven times. So when your frequency score starts hitting above seven so eight, nine or 10 then this is where you wanna change up your ad set. So there's a couple of things you can do. You can change the ad copy. You can simply change the product or you can add something to the ad to give the customer an incentive to actually finally buy the product. And you can tailor this ad you wanna tailor it to the audience. So somebody has already been on your site and that is a huge, huge, huge thing. If somebody shows interest enough to leave Facebook stop doing what they're doing and look at your products then you wanna take advantage of them and this is why this strategy works so well because once somebody's already been on your site they're no longer cold traffic they're moving along that scale of cold to hot traffic and therefore they're easier to convert and this is why the strategy works so well. So as I was saying then you can tailor this second ad set to people who have already been on your site. So rather than the generic kind of this is what the product is, 50% off go here to buy it. It can be something like we noticed you visited our store, thank you very much but you didn't make a purchase. Here's 20% off use discount code 20% off at checkout to make your purchase because if they're already interested in the product plus discount code on top of that then you just increase in your chances of actually converting them. So ad set number one then in terms of budget of what you should use for this then personally it all does really come down for you but this is where you want the majority of your budget going. So you could spend say $50 per day on this just to get as many people as possible into this process and then obviously depending on how many people are on the list then you won't need massive budgets for these second and third ad set because obviously every ad set you get deeper into it there's gonna be less people there. So ad set number two, probably $10 a day will be enough to re-tag it. Those people maybe two, three times again it's gonna depend how many people you do have on that list but this is where you gotta keep an eye on the frequency score as well.  Any more than this then and it gets a bit spammy and I find people will start commenting on your posts saying they don't wanna see it anymore and it's annoying them or they might start reporting the post to Facebook which obviously you don't want. So all that being said the guys I think I've pretty much covered everything I wanted to. Hopefully the system makes sense to you. If it doesn't any kind of confusions please do leave a comment down below. I always do get back to everybody. The main thing is you wanna drive as many people into that view content and ad to cat custom audience so you can start re-tagging them and then once you do you just need to keep an eye on your frequency score with ad set number two and when that starts to get high then you need to reduce your budget or you need to change up the ad copy or the actual product itself.  So with this ad set three because they're already people who have made a purchase then you wanna acknowledge that and say, hey look thank you very much for purchasing the products cause you know exactly what product they've bought so you can say this is like, say this is a fidget spinner. You can say thank you very much for purchasing our fidget spinner. Would you like this particular design and here's 20% off for being a loyal customer or something along the line. It's just some sort of incentive or maybe some sort of loyalty scheme or simply just saying thank you to your customers can go a long way. When it comes to just being successful in general with anything then treating your customers well and building that relationship with them is only a good thing. The higher your customer attention is then the higher your profitability is gonna be and the more success you're gonna have in the long run. So all that being said then guys, I think that just about wraps the video up. If you're still watching, thank you very much. I hope you enjoyed the video. If you did, please do leave a like and if you wanna be entered into the raffle then of course make sure you leave a comment down below as well. And that being said then guys, thanks for watching and let's get into announcing the winner from yesterday's video. Here we are then guys on the previous video. So I'm just gonna take the comment URL, the URL head over to our comment picker, get YouTube comments. 46 unique comments which is actually pretty awesome. Definitely in the top five. So thank you very much guys, I really do appreciate the support. And the winner then of previous video is Quantrell. Another awesome video is Shopify the best option for e-commerce slash drop shipping. So I will get back to you, but in the meantime make sure you reach out. Instagram is the best way to contact me one to one. So hit me up and we can get that call arranged. And that being said then guys, thanks for watching the video and I'll see you all tomorrow.


Look what we have uncovered. This is an earthworm. There are approximately 2700 different kinds of earthworms across the world. Earthworms are cold-blooded animals. They have no arms, legs, or eyes, but they can sense light. Earthworms live where there is food, moisture, oxygen, and a favorable temperature. If they don't have these things, they go elsewhere. Believe it or not, in one acre of land there could be more than one million earthworms. Earthworms are great for the soil because they tunnel deeply in the soil and bring the subsoil closer to the surface, mixing it then with the topsoil. One neat thing about earthworms is they have the ability to replace or replicate lost parts of their body. This means if their tail happens to break or get cut off, it can easily be replaced and grow back. No, this is not a giant mosquito. This is actually a crane fly. These insects are one of the first signs that warm weather in spring is nearing. Adult crane flies are attracted to lights at night and can be a real nuisance when they end up indoors, flying around awkwardly and weakly and bumping into things. Many times they wind up slipping inside the house. But do not panic. They do not bite or sting. They're basically harmless. You can easily handle them, pick them up, and put them back outside. Crane flies are not predators, and they definitely don't eat mosquitoes. In fact, many adult crane flies eat very little if at all. Some might eat a little nectar from plants, but that's basically it. It's harmless. This unusual insect is a camel cricket. They're called camel crickets because of their shape of their body. Their heads are bent sort of down between their legs, and their body is sort of curved in the back to give them a humpback or camel-like appearance. This type of cricket lives in caves as well as damp, cool areas underneath leaves, stones, and rotting logs. It's commonly found in cellars and basements. Camel crickets are nocturnal or active at night, and they hide during the day. On many occasions, they're found congregating together in large groups in a damp, moist area. Unlike the field cricket, camel crickets do not possess the ability to make sound or chirps. They also do not have wings like other cricket species. However, they do have large, powerful back legs that give them the ability to leap away when scared or away from predators. You will notice that camel crickets have super long antennae. These long antennae help the cricket move around in the dark as well as sense food and avoid predators. Camel crickets have been known to eat almost anything, including fungi, roots, fruits, any decay in plant matter, even old clothes. These small craters that you sometimes see in soil, especially around buildings, is the home of the ant lion. Matter of fact, it's the larva of the ant lion. The larva of the ant lion lives in the hole and will catch an ant when it falls into the hole. The movement of the ant triggers the ant lion to come to the surface and grab the ant, which it uses as food. He's hidden in the ground. So what does he look like? Well, let's find out.  Many folks say doodlebug, doodlebug, doodlebug when they do this because ant lines are also called doodlebugs. The larva of the ant line looks like this. He's a small guy, but he has big, long pairs of mandibles that he uses to catch his prey in the hole. When he grows up, he'll look like this winged insect as an adult. Wow. Our last bug is this guy crawling across the ground. This is a millipede. Millipedes are sometimes referred to as thousand legs. This body segment has two pairs of very short legs, not really a thousand. People often confuse millipedes and centipedes. Millipedes tend to have more of a rounded body and move slowly. Centipedes have flatter bodies, move a lot faster and have only one pair of legs per body segment. This millipede is about two inches long. They do not sting nor do they bite, so they're basically harmless. However, if disturbed, they will tend to coal up like a watchspring if threatened. In nature, millipedes are scavengers and feed mainly on decaying organic matter. They tend to live in areas with high moisture, but will remain hidden under objects during the day, but you'll occasionally find them crawling around. We hope you enjoyed those bugs today and learned some things. For more information on other 4-H youth events and activities, visit our website at www.acis.edu.


Hi, this is Tracy Rokohama Espinosa, and this is a video on conscious and unconscious processes of learning. We know that the brain pays attention to things and does learn things in explicit, overt ways, but does the brain also learn in unconscious ways? That's what we're going to look at today. So big heads up just before we begin. There is no such thing as brand new learning while you sleep.  It doesn't work like that. However, you can and you must consolidate long-term memories through the process of dreaming. And we've known this since 2004-2005 when we, when stickled and Walker and colleagues first discovered there was this unique combination of neurotransmitters during dream time that actually consolidated memory. So sleep will help you pay attention and focus while dreaming will help you consolidate memories. And these are two different distinct processes in the brain, right? When you go into deep and slow wave sleep, this is when your body becomes refreshed, right? But when you're in REM sleep just before you wake up, there's different electrical activity, but there's also different chemical activity. It's a chemical activity at that moment that actually consolidates the memories. So the big challenge we have is the definition of consciousness. We say, can people learn in unconscious states? Well, it depends on how you define consciousness. So is deep sleep just on this scale of things of unconsciousness or alert and wakeful states? If it's on a continuum in this way, it's easier to justify that there's learning in unconscious stages. So if we look at it at this kind of continuum, it also means that any learning that takes place outside of being completely attentive or paying attention to the information would count as unconscious learning. In that case, then we also include things like gut microbes that are part of unconscious systems of behavior. This very interesting article by Dean and colleague shows that gut microbes are part of the unconscious system influencing behaviors. So what happens in your gut, what you ingest, what's happening in your gut actually triggers different types of chemical releases, which does in turn change the way that we learn things. This is what we call the gut brain access. So at this level, we're not very conscious. We don't really think about what's going on in our stomach as being something or in our gut as being something that's influencing our thinking processes. So in that sense, unconscious processes would be included here. There are other people, however, who go so far as to say that, well, during certain stages of sleep, people can learn things like association between colors and motions, for example. This is kind of borderline research. It's very interesting. We don't have a lot of conclusive studies in this area, but it is worth taking into consideration. We do know, however, for example, if I ask you very explicitly, Oh, do you like dogs? And you say, Oh, I love dogs, but you actually have this unconscious fear of certain types of dogs. We know that that kind of learning is also happening under the radar. So you're not very conscious of the fear that you might be experiencing, but you still have learned a fear response to that particular stimulus. So other researchers have taken advantage of this typical unconscious fear learning and tried to test it. So for example, if subjects were shown an angry face as a target stimulus for less than 40 milliseconds, right? And then over that were shown expressionless faces, the subjects will report that they did not see the angry face. However, they will react to that new stimulus later as if it had been learned. So they learned, they saw it, they learned it, and then they reacted to it. Another way to think of unconscious learning is occurring has to do with the way we divide memory systems. You've all heard about short term and working and long term memory. Well, long term memory is what really counts for learning and long term memory is divided into these two areas of procedural memory and declarative memory. So what happens in procedural memory are things that you really can't explain, like for example, walking. You all know how to walk, but can you tell me how you walk? Right? So these are things that are part of a process, they're procedural things that happen in our brain, but we have a very hard time explaining them. Well, basically this is what Squire, who's really one of these gurus in the area of memory research points out to us that this is actually, since it is happening under the radar of things, it is an unconscious type of learning. So he equates procedural memory with unconscious learning. So other things that are often under the radar because they aren't really attached explicitly to the learning moment are things like the way we're motivated by certain things. So certain types of motivators enhance certain types of perception, what we're really honing in on or the way that we pay attention to certain types of things. And that, again, can also be said to be an unconscious kind of learning. We're learning things without clearly saying, yes, I am paying attention to this. Basically, because of the motivation you have for a secondary but connected idea, you actually pay attention to that more. There are other things that also, you know, fly below the radar of our consciousness. For example, the intonation used to give certain types of instructions can push people to learn things or pay attention to them faster. So other things that kind of fly below this radar of consciousness are things like verbal instructions. So verbal fear instructions are really quickly ingrained in our memory. So this means that the intonation of the voice, the prosody that's used, the way that people say things rather than exactly what they are saying, may also change and influence the way we learn things or the speed with which we learn things. So as all good learning scientists, we try to figure out where exactly is this occurring in the brain? What types of networks? What are the key hubs? And an obvious candidate would be the hippocampus, which is a key hub for all memory systems. So that would be pretty important, right? Is this really the bridge from the conscious and unconscious memories? But then others are really pointing to the cerebellum in the back of the brain, which is very interesting at theory because they're directly tying this to the way that emotional memories might be processed and that the cerebellum is a much bigger hub for those types of memory processings that do occur under the radar, much more than through the hippocampus, for example. Finally, the last idea is kind of related to the big so what question. Okay, so if we know that learning can occur at an unconscious level, well, what does this really mean for me? Does it make any difference? Well, one of the very interesting applications of this would be targeting the unconscious in therapy. So one of these ideas, based on this understanding of learning occurring through unconscious networks as well as conscious networks, is that therapists could target survival or defensive circuits that may be the cause of anxiety disorders. So not directly meeting this head on, but actually using unconscious learning to unlearn that anxiety or fear response and replace it with something else. And lastly, and very parenthetically, I want to share a metaphor that you might come across a lot in the literature that has to do with top down and bottom up processing. This was an idea that was made popular by Uda Frith back in 2007. She's a brilliant neuroscientist. She did some wonderful work and she explained the way that she and her husband Chris Frith looked at this idea of consciousness and unconsciousness and basically thought there was a clean and neat way to describe this based on certain circuitry in the brain. So the idea would be that a top down process is very much, you know, using frontal lobe circuits that repress the information that's coming up from these lower or base emotional centers of the brain. And the bottom up would be how you sometimes learn or react to information based on pure emotional reaction to stimuli. So their vision was more or less trying to explain mostly metaphorical terms because there really is no clean directionality. In fact, you'll find that both top down, bottom up are occurring almost simultaneously in the brain sometimes depending on the type of stimulus. So just be aware that this information occurs. The top down is sort of like taking the intellectual brain and repressing this lower level instincts. Whereas the bottom up is how base level emotions might rise up and take over decision making systems, for example, a higher thinking. This is all very much in metaphorical terms. So please don't take this as the circuitry of the brain. So in summary, we looked at this kind of range. Can you look at consciousness on a spectrum kind of an idea? We looked at the types of unconscious learning depending on how you define the term of unconscious. Is the consolidation of memories during dreaming an unconscious type of learning? Or is it sleep dependent plasticity? Or just because something falls under the radar of your external perception or your conscious perception? Does that mean that we can also label that as unconscious learning? That's basically the extent of the definitions that we have in the literature right now. And lastly, I just shared this metaphor about unconscious versus conscious processing and how we looked at that as top down or bottom up, though this is still very much in debate right now. Okay, with that information, I hope you come to class with lots of great questions. Thanks. With that, I hope you come to class with lots of great questions and looking forward to talking with you soon.


We turn to First Minister Questions, question number one, Jackson Carlaw. Those calling for the Prime Minister's deal to be supported included the National Farmers Union of Scotland, the Scottish Chambers of Commerce, the Scottish Whiskey Association, the Scottish Fishermen's Federation and the CBI. First Minister, are they traitors too? The Prime Minister's deal is a bad deal, a bad deal for the UK and certainly a bad deal for Scotland. We can just recap it. We take Scotland out of the EU against our will, out of the single market, out of the customs union with no clarity about the future relationship with the EU. I do not think that any MP with the best interests of Scotland at heart should vote for that proposition. I would say gently to Jackson Carlaw that even if every single SNP MP had voted for the deal early on the week, it would still have been heavily defeated, because the Prime Minister failed to persuade so many in her own side—indeed, she is failing to persuade those in her own Cabinet. Jackson Carlaw mentioned the National Farmers Union. Here is what he said yesterday about the tariff schedule that was published by the UK Government. It said that it undermines the food security of the UK. What an appalling set of circumstances. Of course, it also wrote to every Scottish MP urging them to take no deal off the table. Perhaps Jackson Carlaw would like to explain to the chamber and to the public today why, with just one exception—and I am not talking about David Mundell—none of the Scottish Tory MPs voted last night in the House of Commons to take no deal off the table. That is what was utterly shameful and perhaps Jackson Carlaw would care to explain it. On Tuesday of this week, the SNP cabinet secretary, Michael Russell, sitting just next to her, accused those who backed the Prime Minister's deal as being traitors to Scotland. As ever, he thought that he was being clever. He hid the accusation behind a hashtag, but that is the charge that he made. Surely the First Minister will disassociate herself from this inflammatory smear, and it is telling that she is not. However, there is an important point here. There are many of us in Scotland in politics and outside who do back the Prime Minister's deal. Will the First Minister at least accept that we think that it is what is best for our country and that we do so in all good faith? I genuinely am struggling to believe that Jackson Carlaw is coming here to talk about a Twitter hashtag when the Government led by his party is in meltdown, is shambles and is taking this country ever closer to the cliff edge. On the historical ragman's roll, however, he might be interested to know that Robert The Bruce signed it. If David Mundell ever wants to get any of the spirit of Robert The Bruce, then I am sure that all of us would warmly welcome that. However, the fact of the matter is that, with the honourable exception of Paul Masterton, every single Scottish Conservative MP has chosen to put loyalty to the Prime Minister ahead of the interests of the Scottish people. I am afraid that that is a fact. I will give Jackson Carlaw another opportunity to explain why all of them refuse, with one exception last night, to vote to take no deal off the table. Businesses such as the one that I was visiting in Glasgow yesterday, the Farmers Union, were interested in the length and breadth of the country. It wanted all Scotland's MPs to take no deal off the table. Why did Scottish Tories refuse to do that? Jackson Carlaw, I am asking her to enhance the dignity of her office. She has chosen not to do so. Many joined the business organisations that I mentioned in backing the deal earlier this week because we believe that it is a good deal that offers certainty for business in the country. I respect the views of those who disagree, but they now have a duty to spell out their alternative way forward. The First Minister's preference is to support a second UK Brexit referendum, but it begs so many more questions. What would be the options? When leave or remain wins this time, shall we make it best of three? How would this delay guarantee people and businesses the certainty that they need and which the First Minister talked about last night? Would she accept the result? Or is all of this, as many of us suspect, just a prelude to yet another referendum, the one that she really wants? The First Minister's preference is to support a second UK Brexit referendum in Scotland should have been accepted because Scotland voted overwhelmingly to remain in the European Union. I remind him again that this is one of the many areas where Jackson Carlaw is really struggling here, not surprisingly, given the mess that the Tories are making, not just a Brexit but of the entire UK right now. If every single SNP MP had voted for the Prime Minister's deal on Tuesday night, it would still have gone down to a heavy defeat because she has not managed to persuade those in her own party, let alone anyone else. In terms of spelling out a way forward, I spent more than two years suggesting compromise to the Prime Minister's single market customs union compromise. That was cast aside, ignored and dismissed as every vote in this Parliament on the issue has been cast aside, ignored and dismissed by the Tory Government. The way forward now, yes, is to put this issue back to the people. Parliament has failed to resolve this issue. If Parliament cannot decide, the people should. That is what I think is the way forward. It is a better way forward than the Prime Minister trying to bully the House of Commons into accepting a bad deal. She should accept defeat, change course and open her mind now to the right way forward. Jackson Carlaw. No, this First Minister has ever sought to bully this Parliament when they have been defeated on issues. We have accepted the result of all referendums. The First Minister has accepted the result of none. The blunt truth is that the First Minister will only accept the result of a referendum anyone if it goes her way. I back a deal that gives our fishing communities the sea of opportunity that they want, a deal supported by our whisky industry, giving them frictionous trade across the continent, a deal that our farmers say will ensure there are no hard barriers to our biggest market. All those Scottish organisations and many all across Scotland are telling us to back the deal and get this done. Isn't it time to respect the result back in orderly Brexit? The whole country gets a chance then to move on. I respect the outcome of the 2016 referendum. Scotland voted to remain in the EU. That is the best outcome for Scotland. If the Tories, for once in their life, could ever find it within themselves to stand up for Scotland, rather than standing up for our beleaguered Prime Minister, they would also recognise that it is the best future for Scotland. Frankly, it is deluded for anyone to suggest that there is majority support across Scotland for the Prime Minister's deal. There is not support for leaving the EU. There is certainly not support for leaving on the basis of such a profoundly bad deal. The Prime Minister's deal has been defeated overwhelmingly in the House of Commons, not just once but twice. It is time for her to accept that defeat and open her mind now to an alternative way forward. Let's get no deal properly off the table. Let's seek a lengthy extension to allow this issue to go back to the people. If the Conservatives were listening not to their bosses in Westminster, but if they were listening to majority opinion across Scotland, that is exactly what the Conservatives would be arguing for. I think that it is to their great discredit that they are failing to do that, that they are indeed failing Scotland. Last night, the House of Commons voted to oppose a no-deal Brexit, but, as the law stands, we will still be leaving the European Union on 29 March with no deal. The First Minister and I agree that no deal would be a disaster.  Does the First Minister agree with me that, despite last night's vote, no deal remains an immediate and a very real danger? Yes, I do. Richard Leonard is right to point out that notwithstanding the vote in the House of Commons last night, the legal default is no deal on 29 March, which is why I think that the Government should be coming forward now with a proposition to change the law so that the UK does not crash out of the EU on 29 March with no deal. I hope that he would support that proposition. I also think that it is important for those who oppose the Prime Minister's deal, including Richard Leonard, to oppose Brexit, to come together to find a better way forward. I hope that, in a constructive spirit, I ask him if he can use his influence with Jeremy Corbyn to get Jeremy Corbyn firmly behind the option of a second EU referendum. If he would come off the fence, I think that that option would become not just the best one but the most likely next step. Will he, perhaps this afternoon, get on the phone to Jeremy Corbyn and ask him to, at long last, on the issue of Brexit, start showing some leadership? Mr Leonard, can I just ask you not to use the term lie, even particularly about people outside the chamber? Mr Leonard. Can I just remind the chamber that, last week in this Parliament, all parties voted to reject no deal in all circumstances with the sole exception of the Tories? What does it say about the Tories in here that every single one of them, without exception, voted for something that neither the Secretary of State for Scotland nor Jackson Carlaw's own MP could support last night? The reality is that, without a majority in the Commons for an alternative, no deal remains a threat. Does the First Minister agree with me that, tonight, members of Parliament must vote for article 50 to be extended long enough to allow for a majority in Parliament to be formed in favour of a different approach? First Minister. Yes, and SNP MPs have been laying amendments to that effect and will vote for exactly that. In fact, it is time for the House of Commons to take control of this out of the hands of the Prime Minister and the Government and to make sure that a sensible way forward is found. I agree wholeheartedly with Richard Leonard about the Scottish Conservatives. He is right to say that this Parliament voted overwhelmingly to reject no deal last week, and this Parliament again is being ignored, not just by the Government but by Scottish Tory MPs. I think that it is to his credit that Paul Masterton did the right thing last night. The Secretary of State for Scotland though can't even manage to rebel properly. He pathetically opted for an abstention to save his own job rather than properly standing up for this country, and that I think is a disgrace. On the issue of the way forward, I say again to Richard Leonard, because I think that we probably agree more than we disagree on this issue. Jeremy Corbyn surely has to start showing real leadership here. Even at this stage, it is not entirely clear to me what would be different about the situation that the UK is in just now if Jeremy Corbyn was leading the Brexit negotiations rather than Theresa May. The way to break the parliamentary deadlock is to put the issue back to the people. I hope that Richard Leonard will seek to persuade his leader that that is the option that should be backed. We can build a majority around that and find a better the right way forward, not just for Scotland but for the whole of the UK. Jeremy Corbyn has made it clear that the House of Commons has two options. It has the option of securing a better deal or taking it back to the people. That is the Labour Party position. We know that the House of Commons does not want two things. It does not want no deal and it does not want Theresa May's deal, but the Prime Minister still is not listening and she says that she wants to bring back her deal back for a third time, even though the deal is dead. Does the First Minister agree with me that the Prime Minister cannot keep asking the same question until she gets the answer that she wants? I agree with that. One of the favourite catch phrases of the Tories is that we said no and we mean it, perhaps they should start applying it to the Prime Minister and the Government in London. I said to Richard Leonard about the two options that he says the House of Commons has, one of which, according to him, is a better deal. There is no good Brexit deal. A Labour Brexit will not be better or less damaging to Scotland than a Tory Brexit. It is Brexit that will do the damage to Scotland and that is why we should be seeking to honour the vote of the Scottish people and reverse Brexit if we possibly can. I hope that we will be able to put a majority behind a second EU referendum so that people not just in Scotland but across the United Kingdom, knowing everything that is now known about Brexit, can take that opportunity to keep the UK and to keep Scotland where it belongs, which is within the European Union. We have some constituency supplementary. Is the first from Tavish Scott to be followed by Bob Doris?  Thankfully, no one was injured. Despite the valiant efforts of firefighters from across Shetland and the Feral team led by Fiona Mitchell, the home that is David and Susanna Barnaby's was completely destroyed. Will the First Minister accept that Feral is the kind of island that gets on and wants to move forward and their intention is to rebuild the observatory? Will her Government please provide every assistance towards that? Will she also ensure that lessons are learned from the Feral fire for the emergency services in supporting fires in islands where there is no full-time fire cover? Finally, will she recognise that three out of the nine local firefighting teams are French? Those brave women are having to apply to stay in Feral because of the omnisharmils that is Brexit. On that last point before I come on to the substantive issue, I agree wholeheartedly with Tavish Scott. It is outrageous in my view that any EU national who has made Scotland any part of Scotland their home is having to apply for the right to stay here, but the circumstances that he has outlined underlines just how shameful that situation is. I thank Tavish Scott for raising the issue and saying that my thoughts are very much with all those who are connected with the Feral bird observatory trust at this very sad time, particularly the Wardens family, who sadly lost their home in the fire. As Tavish Scott said, we must be thankful that there were no casualties. Incidents like that remind us of the bravery and professionalism of our firefighters. I note Tavish Scott's point and we will reflect on the point about the island with no full-time fire cover, but that was a good example of an effective multi-agency response. The Coast Guard Chetland Isles Council were both assisting firefighters in reaching the scene. Obviously investigations into the cause of the fire are under way and we must await the outcome of those inquiries and, thankfully, the wealth of bird census data collected since 1948 are digitised and backed up safely. Lastly, I want to acknowledge the efforts of the Fair Isle community, which I understand has raised almost £20,000 in crowdfunding support for the Wardens family to help them to get back on their feet. However, let me give an assurance to Tavish Scott and his constituents today that the Scottish Government stands ready to do anything that we reasonably can to help in this very tragic situation. Bob Doris, we follow by Mark Ruskell. My constituents, the Dallas family, have had their appeal for asylum refused. I understand that they fled to the UK in December 2017, after Mrs Dallas escaped a gun attack in Karachi, fuelled by a fatwa against her because she simply could not agree to convert from Christianity to Islam. It would appear that the Home Office may place an undue weight on local police reports in making such determinations. Does the First Minister share the concern of the European Centre for Law and Justice over police torture in Pakistan of Christians? Something that makes victims nervous for reporting incidents such as this case, and would the Scottish Government make representations to the UK Home Office asking for them to take into account such concerns when cases such as the Dallas family are being considered? I thank Bob Doris for raising the issue. First, I share the concern of the European Centre for Law and Justice. I strongly condemn, as I am sure everybody in the chamber does, any persecution of people from minority communities nobody should ever feel at risk because of their faith or beliefs. The Scottish Government will always seek to champion human rights, and we strongly support international processes such as UN scrutiny of individual member states. Sadly, asylum is a matter reserved to the UK Government and handled by the Home Office, but the Scottish Government has consistently urged the Home Office to adopt fair and humane asylum policies and to ensure that full account is taken of all the individual circumstances in every case. We will continue to do that, and if there is any assistance that we can offer to the Dallas family, we would be happy to discuss that with Bob Doris. I have been inundated this week with messages from constituents who are quite frankly disgusted, absolutely disgusted that the images appearing on social media of a fox being ripped apart by the dogs of the Fife fox hunt last weekend. Can I ask the First Minister a very simple question? Should dogs ever be used to hunt a fox? I can absolutely understand the distress that people feel at the images that Mark Ruskell has referred to. I share that feeling. As Mark Ruskell knows, the Government has announced proposals and has brought forward proposals following Lord Bonomy's review for further restrictions around fox hunting. Those proposals now will rightly be debated by Parliament, and I know that Mark Ruskell and others, including many on my own benches, who feel very strongly about the issue, will make sure that they make their views known as those proposals go through Parliament. I think that that is now the right way for Parliament to proceed, and I look forward to the debates that will follow. The First Minister will be aware of the tragic loss of life on Bennevis earlier this week in one of the worst climbing accidents in recent history. Will the First Minister join me in expressing condolences to the family of those who died, and also in paying tribute to the volunteers of Lochaber and Glencoe mountain rescue teams and the Coast Guard, who work so courageously in atrocious conditions to rescue the casualties? Donald Cameron for raising the issue. I join with him in conveying my deepest condolences to the bereaved, to those injured and, of course, to express my deep gratitude echoed, I am sure, across the whole chamber to our emergency services, to those in our mountain rescue teams, to the Coast Guard, to all of those people who put their own lives on the line trying to rescue people who get into trouble on our mountains. It is hard to adequately express the depths of gratitude that I think all of us owe to those people. This tragic event, and it is a deeply tragic event, is a reminder of, no matter the joy and the beauty of our mountains and our landscape, they can also be dangerous places and that has to be taken into account at all times. But for now, my condolences go particularly to the bereaved and, yes, my grateful thanks go to all those who took part in the rescue. The SNP Government passed a law that bans sending biodegradable waste to landfill by 2021. But according to an astonishing report by the Office of Budget Responsibility published yesterday, the Scottish Government has admitted that it can only meet this legal deadline by dumping the waste in England. Is this environmentally responsible? I am not sure. I agree with Willie Rennie's characterisation of this. We had an exchange, not him and me and someone else had an exchange on this last week or the week before. We are committed to the 2021 target. Some councils already have plans in place to meet that. Other councils require greater work, and we are working with councils to responsibly and appropriately deal with waste, which is what everybody would expect us to do. I would be very happy to ask the Environment Secretary to discuss further with Willie Rennie the precise plans that are required to be in place so that all of us can get behind and see this target met. I think that she should check out the OBR report, because it is all very clear within there. This Government is making a bit of a habit of breaking its own laws. The SNP NHS waiting times law has been broken for 190,000 patients. The SNP class sizes law has been broken for 4,500 children. Now, we find that the SNP Government is about to break its own law on waste. The First Minister is right to be appalled by the chaotic Conservative Government over Brexit, but her smugness about the incompetence of the Conservative Government cannot hide her incompetence in her own backyard. Law after law, broken by this failing Government. What sums up her Government best? Thousands of pupils overcrowded, hundreds of thousands of patients waiting, or a million tonnes of rubbish? I urge all colleagues to try to be more respectful and not personal in their questions. First Minister. I think that that ship has sailed with Willie Rennie, Presiding Officer, but keep trying. On the issue of landfill, I would say to Willie Rennie that it is hard to understand how we could stand here, accused of breaking a law, as he puts it, that it is not due to even being forced until 2021. We are working towards delivery of that with our local authority partners. It is a very important objective, it is an important responsibility, it is difficult and complex, as many things are, but we will continue to work with our local authority partners because it is the right thing to do. On waiting times in the NHS, the health secretary has recently published the waiting times reduction plan. We were investing £850 million to make sure that waiting times are reduced in the areas where there is significant pressure. Pressure, of course, comes from an ageing population and greater demand on our national health service. Of course, in education, which he mentioned, we see more teachers in our schools now. There are more teachers in our primary schools now than at any stage since I was at primary school in 1980. There are, I think, 1200 more teachers in our schools since I became First Minister. We, unlike the UK Government that has completely ceased to govern in any meaningful sense, we are getting on with the important issues in our environment, in our health service, in our education system, and that is exactly what we will continue to do. The First Minister will be aware of the devastating floods that have hit many parts of Malawi in recent days, resulting in 45 deaths, 577 injuries and at least two missing people, 150,000 households have been affected or three quarters of a million of the population. Over 15,000 households have been totally destroyed, resulting in 187 camps being established throughout the country, a horrifying situation, I am sure that you will agree. Given Scotland's, this Parliament and the Government's very close links with Malawi, what can the Scottish Government do to help the people of Malawi at this dreadful time? Maureen Watt, I thank Maureen Watt for raising this issue and my condolences go to all those who have been affected by the disaster in Malawi. Our thoughts are with the people of Malawi at what is an incredibly difficult time for them. I am pleased to tell the chamber today that we have just announced the provision of £175,000 to support efforts to ensure safe water supplies in southern Malawi. Funding will be provided through the Climate Justice Fund and delivered by our hydro-nation partners, who are already working on the ground in southern Malawi to secure water resources affected by the floods. Scottish Government officials will also work closely with partners on the ground to support the relief efforts. Scotland, of course, as Maureen Watt has alluded to, has a historic relationship with Malawi going back 150 years. They are our friends. We do a great deal of work in and for Malawi. We benefit a lot ourselves from that work with Malawi. We stand with them at this difficult time, and we will do everything possible to help them. Graham Simpson Following the pay deal with teachers, I and some other MSPs were contacted by a serving police officer from East Kilbride last week. He wrote that, although I appreciate that teachers have worked hard and deserve a pay rise, why is it that NHS staff were given 9 per cent and police officers only 6.5 per cent? Does the Scottish Government place the value of police officers as only half? Those are the words of a serving police officer. Does the Scottish Government place the value of police officers as only half that of school teachers? Is it that the Government knows that because police officers cannot strike or take any real industrial action that they are an easy target, what would the First Minister say to that police officer and thousands of others? The First Minister Parts of those comments were quite disgraceful. I value all public sector workers, and I thank them for the work that they do. On the police pay award, that is the best award for police officers anywhere in the UK. The Scottish Police Federation described it as the best pay award in 20 years. If the member thinks that 6.5 per cent is not good enough, I would love to pay all of our public sector workers even more than we are, but if he thinks that that is not good enough, I wonder what he makes of the 2 per cent that has been awarded to police officers in England by his Tory colleagues in the Westminster Government. Described by the head of the Met is a punch in the nose for police officers. Many NHS workers get higher pay in Scotland than they do in England because of the value that we attach to the work that they do. Teachers have now been offered—they were previously offered—a very good pay deal. They have now been offered an exceptionally good pay deal. I think that is a recognition of the good work that they do. I hope that that is now accepted, but I value all public sector workers. If you look at any group of public sector workers, you will find that the value that is attached to them by the Scottish Government is much greater than the value that is attached to their counterparts in England by the Tory Government at Westminster. To ask the First Minister what the Scottish Government's response is to the spring statement. The spring statement underlines again the chaos at the heart of the UK Government. It showed that the chancellor has billions of pounds available that he could be investing in public services but has instead had to set aside to pay for the self-inflicted mess that is Brexit. The UK Government's chaotic approach to Brexit is already undermining the economy. The OBR forecasts that the UK growth will slow and that, in both 2018 and 2019, business investment will contract. That would represent the weakest period of business investment since the 2008 financial crisis. That, bluntly, is the cost of the UK Government's economic mismanagement. Sadly, there is no sign that they are about to change course or at least no sign that they are voluntarily about to change course. Bruce Crawford Thank you, Presiding Officer. Would the First Minister agree with me, however, that we should welcome the chancellor's recognition of the strategic importance of Adam University and the requirement to invest in the borderlands? However, the First Minister also shared my deep disappointment that the chancellor failed to take the opportunity to guarantee all EU funding to Scotland worth over £5 billion in the current EU budget round, will be replaced in full or, indeed, to announce any amount of funding whatsoever, simply not good enough from this Tory UK chancellor. The First Minister First, I agree with Bruce Crawford's comments about Adam University and the borderlands. The Scottish Government confirmed yesterday that we will invest up to £85 million in the borderlands growth deal over the next 10 years. However, it is deeply disappointing that the UK Government has yet to provide any clarity on future arrangements for EU funding. Proposals in agriculture, fisheries and structural funding are vague and they provide no certainty for the future. The position on the proposed shared prosperity fund is particularly concerning, with no sign of the consultation that was promised in autumn of last year, nor any meaningful engagement with the devolved administrations on this matter. It is crucial that the UK Government urgently commits to replacing all funding streams in full and that we receive our fair share of that to ensure that decisions can be taken in the best interests of Scotland. Funding decisions that are being made by Scottish ministers should continue to be made by Scottish ministers. Rachael Hamilton, to be followed by James Kelly. As the First Minister has just said, yesterday's spring statement set out funding of £260 million from the UK Government and £85 million from the Scottish Government for the borderlands growth deal, delivering a manifesto commitment from the Scottish Conservatives. That deal shows what can be achieved when both of Scotland's Governments work together. First Minister, cross-border links with the south of Scotland and the north of England are integral and must be enhanced to promote inclusive growth. With that in mind, does she agree that an extension of the border's railway from Tweedbank to Carlaw would bring transformational change to that area? First Minister? I want to come on to substantively agree with the sentiments of the question, but I feel obliged to inject a bit of a clarification into the figures that were used at the start of the question. The member said that the UK Government had confirmed that it was investing up to £268 million in the borderlands deal compared to the £85 million from the Scottish Government. That is true, but it is important to point out that of the UK Government's £260 million, only £65 million of that is for the Scottish side and the rest of it is for England. It just puts us slightly. Nevertheless, by the very nature of borderlands, it is important that the investment is on both sides. I am a long-standing supporter of the borderlands work and the borderlands growth deal—what the member says about the border's railway. I also have a lot of sympathy with it, which is why, of course, the Government has been doing feasibility work around that. We will continue to support that initiative, and I am glad to see yesterday that the UK Government is prepared to support it as well. James Kelly The recent SNP Green budget resulted in councils being forced to make cuts and pass them on to local communities. We have job cuts in Dundee, the ending of support to the Citizens Advice Bureau in Clackmannanshire and the action of free school bus travel in Moray. If any Barnett consequentials are available from yesterday's spring statement, will they be allocated to local councils who have had to inflict pain on local communities? First Minister, on the issue of Barnett consequentials, we have no clarity yet on whether any Barnett consequentials or what the amount of any Barnett consequentials would be. When we do know that, of course, we will share that information with Parliament. James Kelly talks about budget decisions. I have to say that I thought that the decision of the Labour group yesterday to vote against an increase in the carers supplement was absolutely and utterly shameful. The only ones, as I understand it, in the Parliament that did that. More broadly, on local government funding, as he well knows, the budget for local government has increased, and that is a positive thing. We do not pretend that life is easy for local councils in the current climate. However, if James Kelly is as concerned as he claims to be about the budgets of local government or any other part of the public sector or about cuts or anything like that, then is it not about time that he started to direct some of that anger at the Tory Government who are the architects of those cuts? Can I remind him that the budget of the Scottish Government between 2010 and the end of this decade will be cut by £1.9 billion in real terms? That is the reality. Frankly, that is the consequence that we are living with as a result of his partnership with the better-together Tory partners in the 2014 referendum. To ask the First Minister what steps the Scottish Government is taking to ensure that people are financially ready for their retirement. Matters relating to pensions, unfortunately, remain reserved to the UK Government. However, we are committed to doing what we can within our current powers to ensure that people are financially ready for retirement. We support the development of a labour market that offers good quality and rewarding jobs for everyone, no matter their age. We are also supporting older people through our financial health check service, which offers free advice to help older people maximise their incomes. We do that in the face of continuing attacks from the Tory Government on people reaching retirement age, such as the scandal that thousands of waspy women are facing with delays in getting their pensions, and the disgraceful cuts to pension credit for mixed-age couples. I do not know what Michelle Ballantyne's follow-up question is going to be, but let me warn her that I will take no lectures from the Tories on pensions. Michelle Ballantyne? Given that I was asking a question and not lecturing, I think that that is quite a sad response. However, I am heartened to hear that you are trying to do things for older people who are nearing retirement, but what I am actually wanting to ask is that I have found in my conversations with younger people that most have only a very basic understanding of how their pension works or how to contribute to it during their lives. Back in 2015, there was some action down south of actually creating teaching materials to explain financial planning to youngsters. Following Minister Steve Webb's research that found that teenagers had an expectation of a state pension that stretched from between £800 per week to £9 per week. Could the First Minister tell me if any other steps are being taken by the Scottish Government to educate school pupils around the importance of their pension and learning within the curriculum? It is a reasonable question to be fair. I covered in some of my original answers at the work that we are doing to make sure that people are financially ready for retirement. It is a reasonable proposition that we should also be looking at how we educate young people. Of course, that is a reserved matter, but we will take our responsibility to ensure that we are contributing to it. I am going to say this seriously to Michelle Ballantyne. I would ask her to reflect on it. If we are going to say that we need to educate young people more to save further retirement, we should wonder what example it sets to young people when over 2 million women paid their national insurance contributions in full, in the expectation that they would receive their state pension at a certain age, only for that pension entitlement to be robbed from them by the UK Government. If we want to encourage young people to save for their retirement and convince them that it is worth doing so, we have to start treating our current pensioners with more dignity and respect than the current Government in charge of pensions is doing. I hope that that is a case that Michelle Ballantyne will make forcibly to her colleagues at Westminster. To ask the First Minister what action the Scottish Government has taken following the recent meeting between the health secretary and mesh survivors. Last week, the health secretary and the chief medical officer met mesh campaigners and Neil Findlay to discuss their concerns over access to specialist services for mesh removal. As the health secretary set out in an answer on Friday, we are listening carefully to those concerns. We have asked a group of senior medical managers to look at a range of options to see how the care and support for these women can be improved drawing on international expertise in transvaginal mesh surgery. The group will draw on academics and other advisers as well as advocates for the women who have been affected. The first meeting of the group will be held as soon as possible and Jane Freeman has committed to writing to the campaigners within one month to set out the probable timescales for this work. At the meeting, the Scottish mesh survivors made a very emotional appeal for the Government to take up the offer to bring a top US surgeon to Scotland to carry out pioneering mesh removal and trained surgeons here. On Friday, the Government issued an ambiguous press release that hinted at progress but lacked any clarity. I seek a clear and straightforward answer on their behalf. When will the Scottish mesh survivors have access to the highest global standard of mesh removal procedures? Will the Scottish Government accept the offer from Dr Veronica to come to Scotland to help mesh injured women here? Neil Findlay raises an important issue. Jane Freeman listened carefully to those that she met on Friday and has done since then everything that she told the campaigners that she would do. As I said in my original answer, she has asked a group of medical directors and senior clinical managers to look at a range of options to improve care and support, and that is the right way forward. In terms of the answer to the question, when will there be more detail? She will write to campaigners within a month, setting out the next steps in this work. That is the proper way to take that forward. In terms of decisions to remove mesh, we would be made by a patient in consultation with a clinical specialist who will share all relevant information and provide support. There is a real commitment to taking forward the proposals that were made on Friday but to doing that in a proper way. I hope that we will have Neil Findlay's support as we do so. Question 7, John Finnie. To ask the First Minister what action the Scottish Government is taking in response to the reported increasing number of drugs deaths. Our national alcohol and drug strategy, which was published last November, set out a range of measures to prevent drug-related harm. The strategy's focus is on improving how we support those who need it and treat the wider issues affecting them. It outlines how we will work with and fund partners to strengthen links between traditional addiction services and initiatives in housing, mental health and the third sector. This is back with an additional £20 million a year for drug and alcohol services. The investment has been allocated to support new approaches that respond to the needs of those who are most at risk in a more joined up and person-centred way. John Finnie. I thank the First Minister for that response. The current approach clearly isn't working, First Minister. There were 934 deaths in 2017 and sadly everything suggests that the figure for 2018 may be significantly higher. First Minister, we are faced with a public health crisis. Scottish ministers have the power to establish a public inquiry into any matter when there is a large loss of life and or serious health and safety issues, and this situation clearly meets both these criteria. Will the First Minister urgently establish a statutory inquiry into Scotland's drug death crisis and commit to acting on its findings in order to end the on-going tragedy? I absolutely agree with the seriousness of the issue. I am not immediately persuaded that that would be the best way forward, but we will consider any proposal that has been made. Any death from drugs is one too many. Many of the people that we sadly see dying from drugs are people who have lived with alcohol and drug use for a long time and become more vulnerable as they grow older. The 2018 drug death report showed fewer deaths in under-25s than in the previous year. Recent reports also highlight falling heroin use, particularly in the under-25 age group. There is absolutely no room for complacency, but it is an important contextual point to make. We want to look at different ways of addressing those issues. That is why, for example, we have supported Glasgow City Council in its request to set up medically-supervised safer drug consumption facilities. We want to treat those issues much more as public health issues, bringing different agencies together. As we do that, we are, of course, prepared to consider any proposal that is made. I will do that with the one that John Finnie has made today. Thank you. That brings us to an end of First Minister's questions. Can you say to colleagues that, despite making good progress in the last couple of weeks, the questions and the answers were too long this afternoon? Can we please revisit them? Otherwise, I will have to cut off members. That concludes First Minister's questions. We are going to move to members' business. In the name of Liam McArthur.


Hey, it's Anfa. In this video, I want to show you Mix, an open source DJing program. I haven't been using Mix for quite a few years now, but I have played a few gigs in my life, so by no means I would call myself a DJ, not in the slightest. So please don't judge me on that front, okay? I want to show you the program because I think it's really interesting and basically it's a fully featured DJing environment that you can use to perform gigs. I assume you have already installed Mix, so I'm going to just run it. And this is like the first run, okay. So the first thing it says, it's wanting to know where is our music library. I have something, oh, that's that. There's some music we can work with. Okay, so that's the basic user interface. It has analyzed the library we have or read the metadata. There is no real metadata, so like, yeah. Okay, so this is the user interface. We have, by default, we have two decks. So we can just drag two tracks and we can play them. Now I need to first connect the outputs of Mix to my recording rig. So let me just do that. Mix outputs. Okay, okay, they go straight to the... All right, that should be good. So now I should be able to just play a track. Here it is. I can see that it automatically analyzed the beats per minute, the tempos of these tracks. And now we can also play the second track and crossfade between them. Now that's by no means a good mix or anything, but that's just a rudimentary tool. Okay, you have this crossfader and you can see we have two waveforms, which are stacked on top of each other and we have the beats displayed. So that should help us visually beat match the two tracks. You can also perform scratching either with this vinyl widget here, using your mouse, or by dragging on this waveform. And actually, I think that's one of the best ways to create believable scratching performances if you don't have an actual vinyl record player and you don't want to actually go down and make it for real, is by using Mix and just performing them with your mouse and recording the audio output. Okay, so we can play tracks. Now, what if we wanted to analyze maybe a bit more of these tracks? Oh, analyze. Oh, okay, let's analyze all. Select all and analyze. Okay, it's analyzing the tracks. So we should be able to find tracks that are in similar tempo. Oh, it even tries to analyze the key of the song. Wow, that's interesting. The user interface has changed a lot since I last used this program and that's for the better. Like, when I used it, it had like a few skins which were somewhere cool, somewhere less, but right now you can click this sprocket icon and you can like reconfigure the skin on the fly. You can have four decks if you want to play four instead of two. You can disable this parallel waveform view and just have them here. So I think that's a neat thing. You can disable the cover art displays. I don't have assigned cover arts for these tracks. They are working in progress, so nothing is displayed here. You can also show, oh, where is that? Oh, here are the stars. Okay, yeah, you can have the star rating and you can rate them. And there's also other things like you can have hot cues, eight hot cues or by default this one. Now, there's a very complicated keyboard mapping setup that you can learn and if you hover your mouse over anything you can see a shortcut. There's hotkeys for the crossfader up and down. I believe there's also, what is that? Oh, okay. So we can use H and G to move the fader manually. Let's see how that actually performs. I'm not sure if it performs some interpolation in the background so that this motion isn't as jagged under the hood as it is on the screen like, you know, and clicking this moving in quite big steps but maybe it's interpolating it a bit. I don't know, but it's possible to drive the entire program with just a regular PC keyboard if you learn the hotkeys. But I think that one of the best things about this program is that you can map the controls to a MIDI keyboard. And I have prepared all the rig to record my MIDI controller and we're gonna map some controls and try to perform something. Okay, let me get this prepared. Okay, so as you can see, I have a MIDI controller here. It's an Akai MPK Mini, Mark I. I don't have the Mark II. I know it's much better, but it wasn't a thing when I bought this. Okay, so first thing, let's map the crossfader. Now, what can you do? You can go to Options, Preferences, and here we have the screen. Maybe let's move this out of the way. And in here, we have a sound hardware, jack audio connection kit. Okay, what we can do is, okay, the outputs master by default system. So this is where your mix is sent. Headphones is your cue playback. This is very important. And when you actually want to play any DJ gig, you need a separate audio output to cue the tracks and listen to what you're gonna play without the audience hearing it. I'm not gonna be doing that. I'm not a real DJ, but when I actually played a DJ set, I did that. I had a separate audio interface just for playback and you can set it up here. Now there's a lot of other things you can do. You can like send every deck to its separate output. So you can either do post-processing with some other application later, like Carla or something, or record them in order or whatever. Now there is also input and you can have like vinyl control devices or you can have actual vinyl records with timecode encoded and you can spin them and scratch them and mix can pick that up and actually drive the virtual turntables with that. You can also have microphone inputs up to four mics. I'm gonna select my system mic and the input is channel one, which is this microphone right here. There's some other things. Oh, it shows our system latency nice. Whoa, I dragged it and it's changed. Okay. Wow, there's a lot of things added to it. There's library settings. This is where our music lives and there's controllers. Now I have two controllers connected to my heart, to my system right now. I'm gonna be using MPK mini. Let's enable it and now I'm gonna go enter the learning wizard. Your setting must be applied before starting the learning wizard applied settings. Yes, apply the settings. And now it shows us the MIDI controller learning wizard. How it works is we click on a control. It's selected crossfader. Now I want the crossfader to be on this little knob here. So I move the knob until the progress bar fills up and now it has learned. You can see that when I move my knob, the crossfader moves with it. There are some options. These are advanced options. So I'm not gonna be dealing with that. We are very simple right here. Let's learn another thing. Okay, so what I wanna do next is map these pads to stop and play individual decks. So maybe we could have like deck one could be these four and deck two could be these four. So maybe play and pause would be this deck. Let's try and do that. So, okay. Now this pad starts and stops playback of deck one. Let's learn the same one for deck two. I think something's not right. Oh no, it's learned fine. Okay, so now we can control two decks, the playback with these two pads, which is fantastic. Now you would want to maybe do some other things like tempo nudge to different pads so you can like speed up and slow down the track a little bit to align them together. Like there's a ton of things you could do. Maybe we could map the pre-game. Yeah, okay, where's the gain? This is gain, pre-fader gain for this track. Okay, so let's do it like that. Okay, so this is track one. Now we can affect the gain. Okay, let's map this one for deck two, sorry, no, track deck. And now we can adjust the gain of these two decks using these knobs, which gives us nice visual feedback so we can just eyeball if the levels are right. Actually, this is weird because I think the left track is much louder. Sorry, you can see how quickly I was able to configure this midi interface which isn't specifically designed for working with DJ performances, but I was able to use these pads and these knobs very quickly to control my DJing setup and mix the DJing software, and that's really nice. Now mix has a lot of features. I'm just gonna be done with this for now. Maybe let's just gloss over the other functions. There's so output mappings and scripts. You can script entire behaviors for the controllers so we could probably have the lights, flash, the, oh, I'm just playing it now. We could maybe have the pads flash because if you send a midi note to the pads, it they light up so we could possibly program a script to make the maximum out of that midi controller for mix to give us visual feedback. There's vinyl control. We don't have that interface as the skin. It's the visual skin. Okay, it's the user interface skin.  I'm not gonna mess with them. If you install mix, feel free to check them out. This is the language full screen mode. Full screen mode is a good thing. Prevents screen saver from running. That's a good idea. You don't want screen saver too to start when you are playing a gig. Waveforms, this is settings for these things here, how they are being rendered, how they are being processed. I think the defaults are excellent because they show you both volume and frequency information. The color is determined by the frequency spectrum of the signal in the current place so that shows you the tone, I guess, and the Waveform, of course, shows you the volume. You can also change the frame rate. I guess 60 frames per second is the smoothest we can go. And also we can use surf to our rendering and hardware rendering, which is good. Dex, okay. Okay, there are so many settings here. You can really tune this to your needs. There's also the settings of the EQ, so you can, oh, there's also a master EQ, okay. So you can correct for the sound system playback just by, and you don't need any plugins. I'll reset equalizers on track load. That's a very useful thing. This is the, okay. I think I would like to mix with that or maybe not, effects. What is that? Oh, we can control LV2 effects. Wow, that's cool. Before, I would use external software like Karla to, this is Karla, to add special effects to my mixing, like control them via me, DCC, but now we could probably use these knobs to control these effects too. Oh, nice. Wow, this has really made a lot of progress. You can also, you can also like set up a live streaming through ice cast or shout cast, and you can also record your mixes right away and add metadata, okay, and TRB detection. I would ramp it up to like 90 to 190, actually 180. Yeah, that would be the range I would want to do. Okay, it even analyzes the keys, that's nice. Oh, and it can normalize to negative 18L UFS. Well, that's a very good level. Wow, multi-plug decoder. Wait, so it can play track, it can play trackers modules, it can play, whoa, very good. Whoa, that is awesome. You can straight away play your mod S3M or XM files with this. Wow, that's so cool. Oh man, okay. All right, so that's all. Thanks for watching. I hope you've learned something. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comment section below. Check out Mix, it's free and open source software. It runs on, I don't know what it runs on. Definitely runs on Linux and Windows. Not sure about Mac though. It's a wonderful piece of DJing software. And yeah, also big thanks to all the people who are supporting me financially. And if you, dear viewer, would like to join them and help keep this show going, please go to patreon.com slash ANFA or liberapay.com slash ANFA. I'll go and mix some music.


Hello, this is Laptop Media, and today, we will show you how to open the HP Pavilion Plus 14 and what's inside of it. Taking this laptop apart is a lot easier than anticipated. You need to undo only 4 Philips head screws. Then, pry the bottom panel, starting from the hinge gaps. Please remember, it would be of great help to us if you just hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. That would motivate us to make even more and better videos for you. Inside, we find a 51Wh battery pack. It got us through 7 hours and 30 minutes of web browsing, or about 6 hours of video playback. To remove it from the chassis, you need to unplug the connector and undo 5 Philips head screws. Here, the memory is soldered to the motherboard. You can get up to 16GB of DDR4 RAM, working at 3200MHz. In terms of storage, there is 1 M.2 PCI-EX4 slot, which can hold Gen4 SSDs. The cooling comprises 2 very long heat pipes shared between the CPU and GPU. They connect to a large heat sink, which dissipates the heat thanks to 2 fans. The VRMs and the graphics memory also get some cooling thanks to a couple of heat spreaders. If you'd like to see more disassembly videos of the latest notebooks we would highly appreciate if you hit the like button and subscribe to the channel.


Recycling waste glass into concrete is an effective way to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production while maintaining its structural integrity. Research shows that using recycled glass waste as an aggregate or as a pozzolanic material can improve the strength and durability of concrete. This article was authored by Shaker Qaidi, Haydi Mohamed Najm, Suhadem Abed and others.