Hi guys! It's Kristen from Six Sisters Stuff. I am sister number two and I am sporting my is butter or carb shirt because today I am making three slow cooker Thanksgiving recipes to clear some space for you in the oven on Thanksgiving Day. Now before I get started on these recipes don't forget subscribe to our channel. We are posting recipes every Monday Wednesday and Friday and this November we are going to be posting all kinds of Thanksgiving recipes for you guys. Alright I think that's it. Let's go make the slow cooker Thanksgiving recipes. The first recipe I'm making is an easy green bean casserole. So you take about two pounds of beans and chop off the edges. I chop mine in half too because I like them a little bit smaller and not so big. Next I'm adding two cans of cream of chicken soup and then about three-fourths cup of milk. Then I'm just gonna throw about a fourth a cup of Parmesan on top. Sprinkle with salt and pepper however much you like and then we're gonna add some french fried onions about three-fourths of the six ounce container. And just take a wooden spoon and mix it the best you can. As soon as you're done mixing just flatten it out the best that you can. It doesn't have to be perfect. Then I just like to add a little bit more cheese on top. Next get the rest of those french fried onions. I crumbled them in my hand before I put them on so there wasn't huge chunks but if you like the chunks that's great. And then just put the rest of them on. Now it's time to cook. Put the lid on on high for three to four hours or on low six to eight. When it's done it will be all nice and golden. Ready to eat. The next recipe I'm going to make is called creamy mashed potatoes. Now I'm using an instant pot for this one but you can use a slow cooker too. So I am putting in five pounds of potatoes then on top is one cup of water then I have my milk about a cup and a half of milk. Now the secret to making your recipes delicious on Thanksgiving is using good butter. I highly suggest Landal Lakes butter. It just makes the world of a difference. So I have about one cup of butter. It seems like a lot but that's a lot of potatoes in there. Next I'm just adding two teaspoons of salt, a half a teaspoon of pepper and about a half a teaspoon of garlic salt. If you are using an instant pot set it to manual for ten minutes. If you're using a slow cooker you can cook it for eight to ten hours on low or four to five hours on high. Then when it's done you just take the lid off and I smashed it just right there. Then I added one cup of sour cream and mixed it with my beaters until my potatoes were super soft and smooth. Now you can serve them with your favorite gravy or they have so much flavor you can really eat them all by themselves. The last recipe is slow cooker candied yams. This recipe calls for four large yams or seven small ones. So I just peeled them and chopped them up. Then I just threw them into my slow cooker. First I added about a tablespoon of cinnamon, sprinkled it right on top, a teaspoon of nutmeg. Don't forget this it makes it taste so good. Three-fourths cup of sugar, one-third cup of brown sugar. I love brown sugar. And then two cups of water just pour it right on top of the sweet potatoes and all of the sugar. Then I just added a teaspoon of vanilla and just put it right on top of where my water was. And then like I said before, the butter makes a big difference with Thanksgiving recipes. So I have about four tablespoons of butter. Then you just put the lid on, cook it on high for about four hours and it turns out amazing. Alright that's all the recipes that I have for you. I hope your Thanksgiving is easy and not stressful. Don't forget subscribe to our channel and check out more of our other Thanksgiving recipes. Okay guys, see you later!


Welcome to All Hands. This is your weekly update on Navy history. November 11, 1918, fighting ceased when an armistice is signed between Germany and the Allied nations, regarding this day as the end of World War I. In November 1919, President Wilson proclaimed November 11 as the first commemoration of Armistice Day. After America's effort in World War II and the Korean War, President Eisenhower signed legislation to replace Armistice Day with Veterans Day, honoring American veterans from all wars. On November 12, 1942, the naval battle with Guadalcanal began with Japanese air attacks on U.S. ships, bringing reinforcements to the embattled island. Over the next four days, the U.S. destroyed many of Japan's shipping vessels and warships, weakening their ability to strengthen their garrison on Guadalcanal. During the battle, two U.S. light cruisers, Atlanta and Juno, were sunk. All five Sullivan brothers were lost when the Juno went down. If you'd like to learn more about these facts and the Navy's history, visit the Naval History and Heritage Command website.


Jack DROP dominating ḍᷝᵃᵋ ᶂᵘᵍᶓᵇᶢᵎᶂ�OW 4.54 lakh electric vehicles are registered in India. India's EV market is expected to grow to 1 crore annual sale by 2030 and create a crore jobs, 5 crore jobs. 5.25 lakh electric vehicles are registered in India. India's EV market is expected to grow to 1 crore annual sale by 2030 and create a crore jobs, 5.25 lakh electric vehicles are registered in India.


Mark began his biological career in 1992, studying marine birds, primarily the federally threatened Marble Merlett at sea along the Oregon and Northern California coastlines until 1996. It then worked on federally threatened Aleutian Canadian goose and the western snowy plow over recovery teams in the same locations. Mark has been with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service since 1994 and moved to Devil's Lake in 2002. Since that time, restoration of upland and wetland habitats has been his primary duty. Mark's talk today is an evaluation of prairie reconstruction results with emphasis on native plant species performance and invasive grass recolonization using multiple prescribed management techniques on Fish and Wildlife Service lands. That's a lot. That's a lot? Yeah. Thank you. Thanks, Kevin. Yeah. I mean, how lucky are you? You get to listen to a marine biologist talk about prairie restoration. Sean wanted me to tell you there are no refunds. Yeah. I moved to Devil's Lake in 19 or 2002 and have just really immersed myself into trying to restore habitat and doing things in a very highly fragmented landscape. As a lot of you've talked about, you've talked about native prairie and trying to restore remnant prairies. We ain't got none. It's pretty, pretty weak in northeast North Dakota. And so we've decided that at some point we had to basically punt. And what we're doing is we're trying to just farm sites back and then replanting a lot of native grasses and forbs and trying to get some kind of reconstruction. We don't call it prairie restoration. We call it prairie reconstruction because we're trying to increase that diversity on the landscape and trying to create some kind of resilient community of plants better than smooth brome grass and Kentucky bluegrass. Okay. So our restoration goals were basically just to try to build and maintain some ecological sustainability. What does that mean? That means that we can have these habitats and with some minimal management moving forward, we can try to maintain that native integrity that we visualized when we actually put the seeds in the ground. We always are looking at improving our techniques, you know, doing different things at different times and just trying to keep moving forward with good restoration on the ground. And we lastly, one of our goals is just to understand the performance of the species. The things that we're planning with management, that's key with management. What we do, we hay, we graze, we mow, we burn. And let me say this, we fall dormant burn and we spring burn. There's got to be a distinction between that I hear prescribed fire. That's fine. But we have to have some timing of those fire mechanisms. And then in addition to that, we also want to look at what idling will do this habitat. And we're also always interested in noxious weeds and invasive grasses. So some of the objectives, monitoring the plant performance. And that's pretty simple. I mean, we're looking at density and frequency, looking at the invasive species that are moving in and the recolonization rates, we are going to get them. And I, you know, just like anything, and a lot of the speakers have talked about some things are disappointing. Seeing, especially Kentucky bluegrass, good news, bromegrass kicking its butt. Moving to monitoring, we try to do as close to pre and post management as possible, collecting data before and collecting data after a management treatment. I like to use the Bron Blanc Relevé method. I always get excited when I hear about Josiah Bron Blancay, the Swiss phytos sociologist. And we are plots are 10 meters by 10 meters in size. As Tyler said, we do a lot of the cover and midpoint use. And I carry a little cheat sheet with me when I'm in the field where we're assessing the plant cover values. And then we just we transcribe the data on a daily basis never sits around too long. It comes into the in from the field and it goes right into the computer. And then it usually fall comes around, we're spending more time inside, and we'll transcribe that data to a CSV value and put it in R. I like to use program vegan for any of you anybody here ever use vegan in our half you have you have. Also, we assign some environmental explanatory variables. And those are time and the Chiseido is a growing season at time of operation management, the saline and the soil and all those others that are mixed in through there. And then the response for those variables, which are the plants that we're actually looking at. So first and foremost for some of you like who wears this guy located well here I am I'm up in Northeast North Dakota in the drift planes. In a very grass poor landscape, like I said, we don't have a lot of prairie remnants in that part of the world, mostly up in Cavalier County. And, in fact, Cavalier County soap or I think 5% of the counties in in remnant grass 95% is cropland. It's good black dirt soils good for growing crops and that's a lot of the lands that we're doing this work on as fragmented so it'll be a quarter section or a half section of land. And we're trying just to increase and keep something better than brom and bluegrass which a lot of our waterfall production areas have turned into. So that's where we are in North Dakota. And then of course, we might be grass poor, but we're wetland rich. This is a photograph I took from one of our easement flights back in 2010 during a very wet period. But as you can look across that landscape and see all those potholes of many shapes and sizes. We have a lot of water. And if I remember one farmer telling me one time wetlands are God's little imperfections. And that's a true story. And for a lot of us in the environmental conservation community, I love wetlands crazy about them. So we didn't have an agreement or a meeting of the mind on that day. So getting right into it results. So one of the first things I did was I had to take the data and I had to take all the explanatory variables. They're not all important. They all don't have some kind of a wow factor. To be honest with you, I was hoping management was going to show up as being something important. And it was I ran an ANOVA with all the explanatory variables coupled with the response variables. And the four top winners in the ANOVA exercise were time, management, water storage potential, and soil type. Now I ask you this question of those four. What can I manipulate? What is there that I can actually do to perhaps, I've said it once, drive the bus? I want to be able to direct the stand that I have on the ground. The answer is management, of course. So with the management, I'm breaking the management down as I said earlier into fall burning and spring burning, grain, grazing, hang, mowing, and nothing idle treatment. So with this redundancy analysis exercise, I like it because I can put the by-plot function to it. And you'll note that in the fall burning, I hope you can see that in the back. In the fall burn ellipses, it separates itself out and I am going to get excited about fall burning and talking about it. Just let you know that now. The other treatments have some uniqueness, but generally they're lumped around the center. Fall burning is unique. In addition, what I find fascinating about this ordination plot is all of those species that are associated with fall burns are natives. They're all native species. And even green needle grass is on what closely associated with it and stiff goldenrod up on the top. In the idle ellipses, you'll notice those species up there, there's a bit of difference. And they're mostly natives, but Kentucky bluegrass tends to fall into the idle area. And then if you look at spring burning, you'll see switchgrass likes it apparently. And Canada thistle also does too. And so does Bergamot. But anyway, just the ordination itself was a pretty cool exercise and looking at the hang and grazing. And you can see broom and which is not surprising. Broamgrass is actually increased in those plots, but also Western wheatgrass and slender wheatgrass too. So in the reconstruction, it's pretty interesting in how things are ordinating. And just when you think you got it figured out, multiple factors and complex interactions come into play. And there you are back at step one. Right now this is what we have and this is what we're kind of working on. One of the other objectives I didn't mention is I want to provide my managers that I work with and anybody who will listen. Some level of a reduction of uncertainty regarding management and reconstruction. If you have these habitats, I want you to have an idea of what you're going to get when you perform some type of management. Okay, that's what I work with my managers on and just trying to explain it to them. That's the wrong way. Okay, so this is a chart that's like, whoa, there's a lot of data and a lot of numbers. What I want you to look at is just a focus on big blue stem. Anybody here have been to the horse races? Few people have. When I was a kid, I learned how to pick the ponies from my grandfather.  Races are the management and the explanatory variables. So the races are the response variables. So looking at big blue stem, you'll note that spring burning is its favorite where number one gets at a highest cover value, mean cover value. And you'll see grazing is its lowest. But also notice over at the other side, the probability value. Now I've put them on there anyways, 0.17 and maybe not significant. But I can tell you about big blue stem. It doesn't matter what you do. It's just going to grow and it's going to do well. I used a multi-way ANOVA to get this information out there. Then I want to focus down to green needlegrass, green needlegrass. And you'll notice the p-values 0.001. So it's pretty significant. The cover values will change. But what I find fascinating is number six and I'm telling you spring burning is killing it.   And then you wonder, what happened to the green needlegrass? Okay. It is something that has shown up time and time again in our plots. And so I'll be honest. I love nacella veridula. It is one of my favorites. And when I see it just disappear, I ask myself, what the hell am I doing? What are we doing as managers? Are we thinking about things like that? So anyways, down at the bottom, I like to finish it out. Total finishes in the money. Most of you know at horse races, when plays show, first, second, third. There's where you get your money back if you bet a show ticket. So anyway, fall burning ends up with 16 results in the money. And idling is actually second with 15 results in the money. So just looking at those, you can see how many races one run, how many first place. You know, I do this for managers. They kind of like to look at data like this. Sometimes there's some heavy duty science charts that are out there, and some of them may not understand it. And then sometimes I don't understand it. But not saying it's hard to interpret. Just something like this is fairly easy. Now, could I do this for invasives? You bet. And we did it. So looking at Kentucky bluegrass spring burning number six, that means it's the lowest value, the lowest, lowest smallest values are in spring burn plots. We've got a management conundrum. I want to control spring burning in a reconstruction. Did I say spring burning? I want to control Kentucky bluegrass in a reconstruction. I'll spring burn it. What happens when I spring burn? I lose my green needlegrass, right? And the results are significant. So that's the management conundrum. What do I do? Is there another alternative treatment? Idling it is showing the highest. Just leaving it and doing nothing. Kentucky bluegrass left to its own device is increasing. So it's just as a manager, you have these questions that come at you and you've got to make a decision. And there's a lot of different things that could happen. Looking down at smooth bone grass fall, burning seems to do a pretty good job of keeping it quite low. As does smooth bone grass. Sorry, as does spring burning. So it's just an interesting way I think to look at the data. So frequency of occurrence is important. I want to point out something like purple cone flower. I don't have the chart up there. It's unfair to look at purple cone flower from a cover value perspective. It's never going to make much cover, right? You might actually end up having a stem or two in a plot. Looking at it from a frequency, like if I know I have 210 Releves and it's showing up in 150 or 160 Releves, I can put a good frequency number to it. And by doing that, I think visually I can see it across the entire landscape. It might be scattered just at a smaller, you know, it will never have a cover value like a big blue stem. But anyway, this chart, these charts show like, for example, big blue stem, our most common cover value that we get is 37%. And with Kentucky bluegrass, 15% is the most frequently encountered midpoint cover value. This is good news, and I mentioned it earlier. Smooth bone grass over 140 of our Releves have zero. Our reconstructions, and I think it's something to do with competitive exclusion. I also think that somehow Kentucky bluegrass is sneaking its way through the soil and the seed that was in the soil originally, because remember, this is reconstruction. Most of these sites are significantly degraded. They're nothing close to native prairie. But I think that there's something to it. Some of you might know that, might know the viability of seed in the soil for a year, 10 years, many decades, it just seems to pop up. Smooth bone grass somehow farming for two to three years prior to restoration seems to be enough to get rid of it. I was using that kind of term, that's like saying never. I don't want everyone to say never. But it seems like our smooth bone grass isn't really an issue for us in our reconstructions. Kentucky bluegrass may be starting to mount an attack and a takeover. So something we're watching with our monitoring. Just to give you an idea of Kentucky bluegrass with prescribed management, you'll see here the spring burning is here on this side and it's pretty low. And you'll see the other two grazing and fall burning, it's still maintaining low. And our hang idling and mowing is where we're seeing our highest values. With smooth bone grass, you can see fall burn, it's just nearly not even there. And I got a couple of photos I'll show you about fall burning that might describe why. But also idling, mowing and spring burning are also decent treatments where its values are very low. And grazing and hang, that's where smooth bone grass is the highest in our releveys. So overall, and you know, how many of you have Jack Norland as one of your professors? Anybody in here? Okay. There's a few. Jack Norland changed my outlook on reconstructions many years ago. He came up to Devil's Lake and we walked out and I was pointing out the Canada thistle and a musk thistle and a patch of brome and Jack said, why do you do that to yourself? Look at the overall. Look at the overall. Look at what we're standing in. We're standing in all this purple and yellow and all this green needlegrass and all this big blue stem and all this native that you've actually been able to successful and actually restoring to the landscape, focusing on the negative and look at the overall and see the good and that was just really some wonderful advice that I got. And it's kind of made my life a little easier. As you'll notice here on this chart, big blue stem definitely rules the day. But what I'm most excited in and up to the first 15 species up to purple prairie clover, we've only got three invasive species. Keep in mind that many of these releveys that I'm talking about are in their eighth to 11th growing season. So we're starting to get a little bit of time behind us. That's exciting to me. I'm not talking two, three, four years out. I'm talking these stands are starting to have a little bit of time. I will be honest on the grazing data that I do have and I'm going to show you my grazing data is weak and I've got some. That's what this summer is going to be all about. We're going to do a lot of relevation grazing habitat. So anyway, this is just the overall structure of what our reconstructions all rolled up. Everyone just doesn't matter what kind of management. This is where we're looking at our reconstruction habitat today. So where we came from.  The county weed boards were like, are you guys going to do something? And we did. We sure did. We'd go out. We'd clip it. We'd spray it with some dye flu fends appear in a couple of years and go by and then somebody asked about the residual chemical. It would wear off. It would come back and we go out and we clip it and we'd spray it. And after a while, you kind of started seeing that dog of yours that chases his tail in a circle. That's what we were doing. We're spending money. We're wasting money. And Cammie and I got some ideas about what are we doing? Can we do something better? Is there something better? We thought, yeah, a prayer reconstruction. Let's give it a go. So this is the same site today. And that was 2005. This is actually this summer, 2022. And it was spring burn. Now I want you just to, when you look at the, I got a dominant and co-dominant grass and the dominant forb. Also, when you read the WPA, that's the year it was planted 15. That's eight growing seasons. And it was treated with spring burn plus one year. So all my charts kind of have that same thing. So this is a real heavy, big blue stem in a spring burn plot in Cavalier County. It's pretty interesting. A little bit monotypical most, but I'll talk about that in a sec. So one of the things, same thing at Thorson, I got this concept that I call the enemy at the gate. I know at the gate in the road ditch is bromegrass and bluegrass. It's loaded up. It's there. As I said, the Kentucky bluegrass seems to be growing from within. The smooth bromegrass is perched at the gate and just can't make it inside. It's not in nine years of growing. And I think, you know, considering the musk thistle and the alfalfa and everything, that's the difference. That's what we're doing today. And we're arriving at ecological sustainability, I think, because with some management, periodic, once every five to six years, that's about it. That's what our management is. At the same time, we're able to produce some wildlife, grow some ducks, songbirds, pollinators. We had a weed tour that I gave back in 2006. And Brad Bramman, who's with the India's extension server, was there. We were talking about weed control and this new wet blade mower we had. This was our answer, was go around spread chemical along with the blade. Well, we decided, you know what, enough of that. The habitat shot is what I want you to see. It's more bromegrass on a WPN Walsh County. So this site was planted in 2019. I think this is pretty phenomenal. I don't know about you. Does anybody not like this photo? Okay, good. We're on the same page. I just, I got so enthused. I told, I wrote the manager. I said, this is the hand of Christ. That's what I told him. And he was like, I like to come up and see it. I was pretty excited about it. And then this is the same site last year. We went back a couple years after that. And it was a little later. It's kind of, you know, the flowers express themselves at certain times. So for a little later in August, we're going to miss the purples. But, you know, throughout the stand itself, it's just got good structure. And there is quite a bit of diversity still going on. And that's exciting. Grazing, like I said, my grazing information is just really not that solid. I can't really speak a lot about what the varieties were. But still, you'll notice some green needle grass growing in there and quite a few forbs. It's actually, in my opinion, quite lovely. And we will mull occasionally. And in this case, if you see behind Brian in the photo, you might be able to pick up some absinthe wormwood. We're getting a little bit of wormwood in some of these plots, but nothing to be too concerned about. And so some of the mowing was a little bit of a fundamental science and really didn't have a lot of botany experience. But after you did a bunch of relevance, he came to me one day and he said, I think big blue stem is an invasive species. And I'm like, are you kidding? And I said, whoa, that's an interesting concept. And from that, we discovered that where we have our lighter big blue stem, our smaller big blue stem density, we have a lot of that. And so in the moment, out of the mouth of babes came this really great comment, I thought. So just a couple of, pardon me, couple of mowing slides just showing some progression of some mowing. We're running out of time according to Sean. This one I want to show you, this is old Adeline. This is an idle plot, seven years idle. And this is nine years idle. Do you like that? Does that look pretty cool? Not hearing anything? I think it is. I think it's pretty interesting. I'm not advocating idling these habitats, not doing it. Not saying that. Lastly, fall burning. I think we got this burned in 2020 and it went through one year of drought. I think if you look down at the bottom of the photo, you can see how it's scalded the ground. It's pretty amazing. And you can actually see the western wheatgrass. And what's really cool about this one is that it's got blue grama, lead plant, some of the different species that we had that were dominant in there and that this was the following year. Notice all the green eel grass is still persisting in this plot. This was fall burned. And this is fall burned plus two years. So it's pretty exciting. So can we do better? Of course we can. This project site here I want to show you. On the top of the hills, I think in that work. What we did was we did a little native harvest. We brought it down. We broadcast seeded it here. And what's unique about that is in my part of the world, we don't do that. I don't even think the NRCS accepts broadcast seeding as a restoration technique. We tried it. People in Minnesota and South Dakota and Nebraska, they've been doing it for years. We gave it a go.  What I think is coolest is the number of species that I found. Management wasn't something wasn't an objective for this plot, this site. But what was the coolest was the number of species. When I would go out and do the releves, I was constantly getting higher numbers of plant species from the native harvest. And because of that, I just wanted to put out a species accumulation curve for you. And you can see that in the native harvest, we're upwards of 70 species and growing. We've got a lot of restrictions where we're buying cultivars and seeding them into the ground. You'll know that we're somewhere up around 42 species. And it's pretty much capped out. And that's pretty much about the best it can get. And just when you think you figure it out, multiple factors and complex interactions, an ecology shows up and you're just like, oh, I thought I had it figured out. And now I'm back to square one. That's what I got.


So people, we are back with another live pay-per-pay-game play and today we use nothing Other than the Crimson a weapon I haven't shot in PVP since I think this weapon was released Oh, I could have done a video on it months months months before I took a six month break I cannot remember ever using this in PVP I've seen a couple people use it and I seem to do okay with it So today we try and match the ability, but me being the biggest noob in PVP probably ain't gonna go well But if you enjoy the video want to see more do smash that like button.  He's not reload it as well You're in the lead This thing's range is unbelievable. I know it's got like match range one or new enough that but you wouldn't expect to do it Still this is death to the people when the stats even math now hold Don't be lost people don't watch the radar on this game. How do you not know what's coming? That was crazy Balance so far. This actually seems pretty good, but I haven't come up against a new and hung out Now you're fighting with heart You're advantage cross Don't know what I thought reload that's a bad huge. I'm thinking of I tell you what I actually like it Why are you shooting at I understand now why people use it? I?  I join it's not same people No, I'm saying people that's usually just sounds terrifying Captured you have sold advance Comminating the field. You know forget it gives you health. I forget it gives you health So there's me shade stepping when I get my help Actually, this could work. It's quite good Move me shade step. Oh lucky boy. My accuracy then was shocking. I'm still almost killed yet on you fight I get two kills with this Nothing who plays a part for the rest of us goes actually a base Now I've never had a good guy promise about the best one. I got pretty bad I'm yet to make a video on it because I haven't got a decent version of it See, that's what I cut that's a kind of crap. I get stability master work. Okay. I take Sure shot not really. That's probably true. So it's probably the best one Overflow and what was on that exotic ability recovery intellect? It's not what I need on my chest piece because that's my best chest piece at the minute We've a recovery mod in it.  What was he thinking?  Take him out. Take him out Before I think it's been like that since the start. Come on. Destiny pick yourself I'm trying you've been trying it all game. Give up try to a mouse. Yeah, it's headshots. Come on game Mrs. Probably one of the most one-sided matches. I've been in for a while.  We like that you have advanced strength in numbers guardian Excellent You have you should have died. I shouldn't be that you and see boys wonderful. You need not get in then Someone tell me please someone tell me please Excellent guns are based these trims isn't based You captured zone B. You have zone apart.  That's a power play you took them now hold them don't be locked Well, he's in the corner He came around the corner pop-up. I honestly forget about skirts. That's super.  We're one day again people hit that or hit one of them Don't see lost. You're pulling ahead. Keep it that way Can't see it. Keep the pressure off. It's not just one super's what I don't know what that's all about together That's weird five minutes to remain Bones are based if it would have killed them all. I got a set of column three minutes Hold it. I must be now spawned, but I've got two points. You have two points How did I not kill him? I'm a scrub. I'm a scrub.  They're big chassis zone advantage is yours and people met. He's it I'm we get a last hope for what's in that?  I understand now why people use it, I've seen it actually be in trials, obviously not the pro-prosies because they don't come away from their dire promise, or their drag, or their arbalest. I've seen a few people use it and do quite good with it, but yeah, it's actually a very decent weapon, I recommend it, people, even though people don't take my recommendations but even so. But guys, on that note, we have come to the end of the video. If you guys enjoyed it, leaving a like really helps out. If you're new around here and want to see more live Destiny 2 PvP from the best player in the world, let me know down below and subscribe. See you guys later!


Welcome everybody. This is our presentation on containers within the CNTT reference model and let us introduce ourselves Hi and welcome everybody. My name is Gio Kunz. I am an open-source developer with Ericsson very active in various communities and specifically in that context I'm a contributor to CNTT and OpenMP My name is Gege Chatari and I'm working for Nokia as a senior open-source specialist and in this context I'm a CNTT area to co-lead and similarly to Georg, my work is also to be active in several communities mostly in the domain of cloud infrastructures Okay, let's discuss about CNTT and containers in the scope of the reference architectures and reference models and all of these reference things which are in CNTT. CNTT is Cloud Infrastructure Tech with Task Force which is an open-source project made with the mission to standardize and verify cloud infrastructure implementations to decrease the integration cost of cloud infrastructures and applications running on top of that This would happen in a way that different doctors in the community are collaborating in an open-source project and building up specifications, implementations and verification suites Based on the last 90 days the most active participants of this activity are listed in this slide so you can see that there are participants from the operator side of the tech industry from the vendor side of the tech industry and other companies as well Our aim is to rebuild CNTT to be a leveled playing field for all actors so everybody have an equal opportunity to influence CNTT and everything is contribution-driven However, the project is open-source It has two sponsors, GSMA and Alliance Foundation These sponsors are basically helping the operation of the community GSMA provides a support in terms of how to create good specifications and also GSMA releases the specification of what we call reference model and I will discuss a bit later what reference model is GSMA releases this specification inside the GSMA scope Alliance Foundation on the other hand helps the community to build the specifications and reference implementations and reference conformance tests in a real open-source manner So let's discuss a bit what are the main artifacts of CNTT and what is the logic of the different CNTT work streams So CNTT works in a way that there is a reference model which is basically a specification with the properties of a cloud infrastructure and with standardized values set to these different properties and based on these values the reference model defines two profiles which basically define how a cloud infrastructure should look like Based on this reference model, which is technology agnostic there are different reference architectures created which are cloud infrastructure technology-specific definitions how to build infrastructures which are compliant with the reference model In practical terms this means that we have an open-source base reference architecture and the Kubernetes base reference architecture and both of them are taking input from the reference model and describe how to build a cloud infrastructure which is compliant with the requirements of the reference model Based on these reference architectures and the reference model there are reference implementations for both the Kubernetes-based infrastructure and the OpenStack-based infrastructure and these reference implementations basically acting as a proof that the reference architectures can be implemented So these are really integrated software stacks based on the requirements of the reference architectures and the reference model plus of course adding lots of components of their own they are implementing the stack but anybody can download and install and test And also based on the reference model and the reference architectures we have conformance tests which are basically verifying that a cloud infrastructure and the workloads on top of that are compatible with each other So these reference conformance testing have different domains So there is a reference conformance test to test OpenStack and there is or there will be reference conformance test to test Kubernetes and there are conformance tests to test workloads running on top of these So this is to ensure that these layers are really compatible with each other and they do not expect something from the other which is not there So this is done in a way that we are specifying the specifications in GitHub and publish them to read the docs Also the reference model is published by GSMA So here in this slide we provided pointers to the different documents respectively like RTD means the read the docs document GH means the GitHub version of document They are in sync so it basically anybody's preference which way you would like to read them Also in the reference implementation and reference conformance side we have projects in OpenFV to cover these activities because CNTT works in a way that all specification work is done or let's say all documentation work is done in the CNTT space in GitHub but implementation of the reference implementations and the conformance tests are done in OpenFV as OpenFV projects So as we are talking about containers let me focus on the reference architecture for Kubernetes or RA2 for short and here I go back and discuss a bit more these different streams So usually if the work stream has a one in its name that's about OpenStack so RA1, RI1 and RC1 are about OpenStack and 2 is for Kubernetes so RA2, RI2 and RC2 are for Kubernetes So reference architecture for Kubernetes is RA2 and the scope of this work stream is marked with this dashed box in the figure because usually in case of Kubernetes it's very difficult to find the exact scope of a Kubernetes cluster So in RA2 we do not define anything which provides the resources for the cluster so it can be either a virtual machine or set of virtual machines or physical hosts and we do not define anything which are the lifecycle management of the Kubernetes cluster itself So RA2 is strictly focusing on the Kubernetes cluster and its let's say extensions and configurations So and we have different sources of requirements and the first set is defined in the reference models So the first set of requirements are basically like generic requirements regardless of the technology of the cloud infrastructure So these are the same for an OpenStack-based reference architecture and same for the Kubernetes-based reference architecture So these requirements are, for example, CPU pinning support, normal and wear resource allocation, SROV support support for network QS, huge pages support, support for multiple port interfaces So these requirements are coming from the reference model I just highlighted some of the requirements, the full list of requirements is defined under the link that I provided in this slide And there are also requirements which are defined by the reference architecture itself because the reference architecture defines technology-specific requirements like scalable and immutable infrastructure, CNCF API conformant infrastructure decorative configuration of the infrastructure, network resiliency So all of these requirements are defined by the RA2 work stream And based on these requirements, we are defining detailed requirements of the components Like, for example, we are defining Kubernetes requirements, saying that, for example, Kubernetes must use one of the three latest minor versions For example, that we have to have topology manager and CPU manager feature gates enabled For example, that we have to have the device plugin feature enabled, we have to have IPv6 dual stack feature enabled So all of these requirements are defined in RA2 And also we are defining here different components of the infrastructure, because both Kubernetes and Opestack are relying on other components And in case of Kubernetes, this goes into the detail of, for example, the network implementation And here we have, for example, inside CNTT a very interesting debate on the CNI multiplexer So it's a currently ongoing discussion in CNTT if we should define strictly one CNI multiplexer or we should define several options of these Because currently there is no API compatibility between these CNI multiplexer solutions, which are, for example, multi-sort them And this is a very live and ongoing discussion and this is one example of what kind of decisions CNTT makes and what kind of issues CNTT have And with this I hand over to Gabor Thanks, Gage, for the introduction to the reference model and the reference architecture So now I'd like to take a closer look at the reference implementation and the reference conformance test suite And before we dive into the details here, again, I'd like to take half a step back and put those a little bit in context Gage has mentioned that already, but there are quite a few different terms and projects and communities involved So it can be very helpful to look at that again So we basically have three major pillars here CNTT with the reference model and the architecture as already described Then also a document describing specifications on the reference implementation and the reference conformance So that, as Gage said, is happening on GitHub and it's basically a set of documents Then on the OpenEV side of things, that's basically where the practical implementation part lives So based on the Spanx, we have reference implementation We also have the tests on the test framework And then the pillar on the right-hand side shows the receiving, let's say, organization As Gage said initially, the overall goal of this is to basically ensure that platforms and workloads work well together And in order to prove that in a concise framework, the OVP, the so-called OpenEV verified program, is a compliance program That defines how compliance tests suite or the results thereof get reviewed What the review process looks like, the scope, and also provides resources such as a web portal where test results coming out of the reference conformance tests suite will be uploaded and reviewed by the community And a result out of OVP is basically a batch We currently have two flavors, an infrastructure-focused batch That's what you would try to achieve as a vendor of an infrastructure So a Kubernetes distribution, for instance And then, as also already mentioned by Gage, there is a corresponding compliance work plan and ongoing to look at the workloads themselves And then you basically match up a platform and a workload with having their respective batches and hopefully things work well And as you can see, based on the errors here, there is an obvious relationship So as I said, the reference implementation specs are input in terms of requirements to the OpenEV community building and integrating the reference implementation The same is true for the reference conformance, which is input to the test frameworks And the test framework itself has the output of the testing toolchain, so to say Needs to be consumable by the OVP toolchain to facilitate the reviewing process So this is how those three things work together In the middle, you can also still see that the OpenEV has community labs where most of the integration will be done But that's also to be extended in the future with maybe cloud-interest providers providing resources to that effort Good, so as I said, I'm going to talk about the reference implementation So on the next slide, I'd like to zoom a bit into that We do have a dedicated project in OpenEV working on building the reference implementation The project is called Kupref, and it is depicted here in the middle of that slide by this light green box And as you can also see, there are more boxes inside because the purpose of Kupref is not just really to build a platform And not even to build a Kubernetes platform from scratch, but rather we apply the best practices that OpenEV has been applying for the last couple of years It is mainly about integration, it is about continuous deployment and it's about testing So instead of building an installer for Kubernetes ourselves, we basically consume various, let's say, candidates from upstream communities Right now we are focusing, because we need to start somewhere on Intel's BMRA, bare metal reference architecture So that is a Kube-Spray-based Kubernetes deployer that integrates already quite a few telco-specific extensions, as mentioned by GearGame But other potential deployers are the CNF Testbed, for instance, or Aship So we basically consume those, we integrate those, provide a configuration that corresponds to the requirements of the reference architecture And then obviously we deploy that continuously now starting in an OpenEV lab environment But as I said, could also be bare metal cloud hardware provider or other cloud infrastructure providers where we deploy this on That is still work to come And once the platform has been deployed, obviously we need to run the testing against it And on the lower part of the slide you can see that we are making use of funk test and cross-testing An OpenEV toolchain developed over the previous years It is basically a generic framework that allows to integrate and to integrate arbitrary existing test tools and test frameworks Coming from various upstream communities and projects already, and provides basically a unified way of running those And it also provides a somewhat unified way of obtaining test results Because as I said on the previous slide, we need to review the test results as part of the OVP process So the testing results then obviously are feedback both to the reference architecture because we can say This reference implementation is able to implement the requirements coming from the reference architecture And also there is feedback to the reference conformance work by CNTT because we can say Yeah, okay, the test scope basically that we have today covers these and those requirements of the reference architecture And there's still those gaps that need to be closed And obviously we can also provide direct feedback to the test tools both in OpenEV and upstream as well as the installers In OpenEV as well as the upstream component So that is basically the purpose of QBref, a little bit like the spider in the web here Good, then on the next slide we zoom in a little bit more still The one important thing to mention here is the reference implementation needs to be somewhat flexible to cover various use cases Grega mentioned already the reference implementation is approved that the requirements coming out of the RA are actually implementable But additional purposes that it serves is it needs to be or it can be used to validate the test cases of RC2 obviously But it is also a platform for validating the workloads on So this reference implementation potentially needs to be installable for instance in vendor labs And then vendors can test their workloads on top of that reference implementation So there is some flexibility needed how to deploy this So because of that we have basically we're following an approach that splits the deployment and provisioning phase or process into two phases Who's provisioning in case we need to bring up the reference implementation on a bare metal environment We have some tooling in place for that based on the CloudInfo automation framework It's also based on previous efforts in OpenEV Under the hood it uses Bifrost basically to do the host to ask provisioning And it also consumes an OpenEV descriptor set of OpenEV descriptor files to describe the heart and the software And then the second step is the actual Kubernetes provisioning Obviously as I said the first one is optional For instance if you'd like to install the implementation on an infrastructure as a service infrastructure Then you often already get pre-provisioned host operating systems or VMs with OSs inside obviously So you can skip that The Kubernetes provisioning as I said currently is done using Intel's bare metal reference architecture And it uses CubeSpray as I mentioned under the hood to configure everything and to install various add-ons And that is currently done in OpenEV Labs Good So that's an overview of the infrastructure The reference implementation looking at the reference conformance on the next slide We have basically a very first release available already The approach here is as I already mentioned to leverage all the various test cases, test speeds available in various upstream communities And we basically select those tests that cover RA requirements And those test cases then get integrated into the OpenEV Functis and cross-testing toolchain I have to give credits here to Cedric, who is the Functis PDL, basically doing all of that work And you can see in the table on the lower right corner what the first release of an RC2 Suite basically contains It starts with the Kubernetes conformance test suites that basically check that a Kubernetes installation provides the standardized API There's more tooling included to exercise the API in kind of a benchmarking way X-Rally is a tool to deploy certain scenarios, going through a deployment and teardown of certain workloads Not just once, but also multiple times We have security tests in place using KubeHunter and KubeBench And last category, so to say, is the VIMS, this is a virtual IMS Which is a sample workload that gets deployed and then some application level tests also run Just basically to validate that the targeted system on the test is capable of really hosting a sample workload As said, that is the initial scope, there's more that needs to be done And because of that, this is also kind of a call for contributions to extend the tests Because only with the corresponding automated test cases in place, we can basically deliver the promise of CNTT And open a V like end to end to have the compliance test suite in place Good, going one slide further, there's one more thing that we'd like to mention Because we have been talking about this is being done in CNTT and that is being implemented in open a V And then you have requirements going back and forth and obviously that is not the best way to do that So both the technical communities of CNTT and open a V basically came together And we realized that we are basically in the same boat and we should work together even more closely as we're doing today So both communities, both projects are going to merge to basically become the single organization Where the telcos, the vendors can come together and then first define what infrastructures should look like And then implement those and provide the right testing for that That process is happening right now, starting mid of 2020 and it is supposed to finish end of 2020 So the targeted launch date for the new project and there's also going to be a new name for that is January 2021 And you're very welcome to join this effort of defining what the joint project will look like So that we can make sure that everybody's needs and requirements get well represented in this community effort To make sure that both operators and vendors basically get the most out of this effort because that's the purpose of it Good. And then the last slide is just a set of links If you'd like to engage with the community, you can look at GitHub, you can join on Slack, you can join the CNTT meetings You can take a look at Kupref and in October this year there's going to be a virtual developer event So if you see this presentation still in time and the recording, feel free to join that Okay, and that basically concludes my part. Thank you. Thank you


Introduction to myself from IBM, China R&D Center, mainly working experience, open source community, the beginning of the office then to open the stock in 2016, and afterwards focus on R&D of serverless platform in the beginning, in the open Apache community. Starting from this year, I began to notice on another project. So I'm going to focus on the building of a Kubernetes platform. These are the topics I will cover today. First of all, introduction to serverless and Apache OpenWISC, next to share with you about IoT applications and the representative architecture and features also within this architecture and features, what applications can be delivered for serverless. The fourth part is to connect the events into IoT on the Apache serverless. So first of all, what is serverless? Two different explanations. One is functions as a service. Another is backend as a service. Service refers to this small segment of a code and execution based on these. And the scalability based on these, no need for the administration for any relating infrastructure parts. And also the event driven calculation. So now most manufacturers refer to functions as a service for serverless. But meanwhile, it also covers the wider range for concepts which is backend as a service or BIOS, which means the third part of this API service and it will help to achieve the fundamental function modules in the development and no need for administration and it will automatically scale up like API services. So be it for functions as a service or backend as a service refers to administration free and scalability based on these. So if for functions as a service, this would be the gateway driven and event driven. And scalability and payment will be based on these. In the beginning of the cloud computing, we always say that this is like consumer water or electricity. And actually now this cannot be achieved. Within one week, if we call three times for the service, then this service will be continuously operated. But if we have a serverless, only within these three times of calling, the service will be installed onto your computing platform. So this achieves consumption of the computing resources just like consuming water and electricity. And we can achieve fast iteration, fast development because what you face is the holistic cloud platform. And if you need it, it can execute. This is also friendly for developers and bring new development experiences for them. The developers can start from their own role to transfer their role to the 10-year-old primary school student or even to the 20-year-old artist because what they need to do is very simple. And they can finish the code and then to run it on the server. Also, they will expose the HTTP address to the others for use and also payment charge is very low. So what is the Apache OpenWiz? This is the event-driven and code-executed PAS platform. Now the Apache community has this incubation project. Also, this has been verified on the public platform of IBM. We also use the same core lines of code as OpenWiz. Within OpenWiz, they have the concept or philosophy of coding. The event works as a trigger, so you need to put your main businesses into this event. This is the segment of a code, be it a Python or Node.js. This is a function. You can define an event source after it happened. This will be triggered. So this is a philosophy programming. Some concepts including trigger rules because you need to contact trigger an event. So this is rule. And action is your code and also package the same. It can pack the different things within a package. So the main application scenarios, every scenario naturally belong to a kind of micro-service because it runs at the server end. It also has a dress for you to call after calling. It will execute for one to two minutes as a service. So we can regard this as a naturally micro-service platform and also for IoT platform. More details for you to have a deep dive. Also, this is used on DevOps. So after the trigger, it will generate the image and then to trigger it further. So this is the process for DevOps. And these are the very representative scenarios. Next, let's have a look at IoT, which is Internet of Things. Now this is a trend, which means the different physical devices can be connected through network and can be programmed. So you can imagine this. For environment sensors, these are deployed in every corner of the world to measure the air and environment. And then to upload this information to the cloud for integration and also your wearable band device can also measure your biometric information. And also we have the industrial computer to integrate the information from different metrics in the factories for error detection or forecast detection. So we have the V2X. This is also a part of the IoT. Big snow cars can be connected. In addition, I believe if you use Xiaomi devices, maybe you have Xiaomi smart home devices. So these devices can be connected and onto the cloud, just the air conditioners or your fridges or the other home appliances can be controlled online by the manufacturers. And now we have the basic control for the temperature control and having rich smart level. In the future, we will have more popularization of the smart devices. And we will reach the IoT atmosphere for real. So what are the characteristics for IoT applications? First of all, this is a big data attribute and also the heterogeneous because we have millions of IoT devices and generating millions of data normally connected by gateway. Also on the gateway, it will have a preliminary processing, maybe cleaning or transfer of format. The data processed by gateway then migrated onto the cloud for storage and analyze. These four refer to the data flow in the internet or the process, the flow. So the heterogeneous big data would be connected by gateway and then uploaded to the cloud and then for storage and the analysis. We cannot make forecasts. For example, when to receive the data and when will we have the anomalies and when to transmit the data. If we have IoT processing services 24-7, will we wait here for the data to execute or we can use a serverless capability. When we have the data, it will trigger. By doing so, the resources of computing costs could be reduced. So this is the serverless and it's typical applications in the IoT scenario. This is a very typical IoT application architecture on the basis of IBM cloud. The most left side, the most right side, is through MQTT devices uploaded to IoT platform. And down below is the message hub. Message hub will have two directions or one direction to store it on the object storage. Another, we have a streaming analysis of analysis and streaming analysis would have real-time processing. Also, we will have visualization machine learning capabilities or we can mine something in the historic record belong to data science. This is only a very simple example case to share with you. So we end this example. What are the potential areas for serverless to play or to exert its advantages? We think that serverless can play a very important role in these four different areas. A part A, the object will go through message hub and transmit it to object storage. And before this, we can insert a segment of code and this code because the message has been transmitted so it can be triggered by this event. Afterwards, we can get the message hub transmitted original data and then this could be filed, this could be archived. Also, we can have formatting or the other processing and this would make it easier for storage and analysis. Another scenario in part B, after storage of data, OpenWIS can use ETL as a method for processing. To process the data or to search for the other information to augment, enhance the data. For example, the data relates to third-party data only have a key value. So here, according to the key value, for the third-party data and to enrich it, after this part, this will be used for driving the machine learning and AI. So this is what we do after storage relating to before entering the phase of ML, machine learning, we can insert a segment of serverless code for the server processing. And this could reach the trigger on time. Let's have a look at the real-time data processing, which is flow data detection. We also can use OpenWISC for execution for serverless actions, serverless functions to execute the specific tasks for triggering the feedback. For example, in this flow, we can intercept the specific events for processing. For example, on the street, on the road, the vehicles have V2X if we discover congestions on the road. And when the congestion reach a certain threshold value, it can trigger the scheduling of the traffic light to avoid the congestion on the road. So in flow processing, it could be used to process the specific events. The last scenario, the edge computing serverless capability. So on the edge, the serverless can also play its role. Maybe you have heard of edge computing widely. So hereby, we can also leverage the serverless capability by doing so the edge and the cloud can enjoy the same capability, but now still in R&D. So this is a trend for the future. This is a real example case. From IBM, a real client scenario, what they need to do is like this. Inside their company, they have developed some specific devices for the capture of audio messages and audio data. We want to detect the abnormal scenarios and trigger alarming. This could be used in the baby city. For example, if your baby cries on the second floor and you're on the first floor, then you will receive information on your smartphone saying that your baby is crying. Or in your home, especially smart home. When you hear some noise, when you're sitting in the very quiet environment, maybe it will send you a alerting information. So on the right, the data would be captured by this device, made by this manufacturer on the upper right. And the audio data will firstly go through two different flows. One is enter IBM, Watson, IoT platform, another object storage platform. The object storage platform has a function. These three parts, one is orange, one is blue, another is brown. And in the brown one, it is the function run on the serverless platform. And then it is to analyze the process itself to see if the sound is normal. If there is any anomaly, it will process a warning and then it will trigger machine learning scenario. This machine learning scenario means if you analyze a certain scenario very often and you detect the sound of the rain in it and you can remove the raining sound. This could actually be done by machine learning randomly. And then the brown part is for sound progressing to augment the sound or to remove the raining sound, which is learned through machine learning gradually and after removing the raining sound. And if any sound is detected, it will trigger the warning. So in this scenario, actually it is adopting scenario 2 and 3. It is to monitor any anomaly and to give a warning. And in scenario 2, after the data storage, it will also have a data augmentation. Then Shane is talking about data than the cat event because our IoT platform data is important as well as events. On Apache OpenWISC, the event processing capability is built and we can see the package on the OpenWISC. How many packages there are means it's capability to deal with these events. It could monitor the Kafka and also through the pushing notifications to trigger. And it could be integrated together with Jira and it could trigger event in DevOps. And it also has RSS subscription and when the subscription is updated, it could also trigger the event and it could also be integrated with the Kush DB and when the DB is updated, it will also trigger the event. So for IBM Cloud with some development and integration on the IBM Cloud platform, the events could be processed including the DB and the event stream which refers to the Kafka message and the customer trigger means, for example, I have a message sent to a specific rest for and it could also trigger the event or with some mobile push to trigger and on GitHub if anything is updated, it could be triggering the event as well and there will also be the periodic triggering. These are the event processing capabilities on the IBM Cloud platform now and if you want to access the event on the serverless platform, you want to figure out how and now for most serverless platform, they would support Kafka so at least you can send a message on to Kafka and any message on Kafka would trigger a function and for OpenWISC platform, we have a customized event access model. For example, you have an event monitor and whatever you monitor an event or a function, if it is for a long time running, the monitor would definitely detect trigger and then you would program a function on the serverless platform which is called an OpenWISC action and then it would be transmitted to OpenWISC platform and then it could be mobilized in two ways through API or through URL and for most serverless platforms, they could be capable of this if you translate a function on to it and it would feedback you with a domain name and through the domain name, you could try to mobilize action the first part of your job is to develop an event monitor and the second is to develop an event processing logic and the monitor would be running for a long time and it could detect any event and then to mobilize the event function and with the serverless capability when it is not mobilizing, it is in the sleep mode and not any of the occupy computing results this is a very simple processing mode but of course there would be more complicated ones now this is the end of my presentation any question? any requirement for this deployment? my question is, our premise deployment of this platform any requirement for private cloud? well, I think for private cloud deployment, it's no problem because for open-wisc, it could be deployed on Kubernetes it could be deployed on any platform that supports Docker image you can deploy just the Kubernetes and open-wisc it is done but with a larger scale of computation, it might be bigger, what would be bigger? I mean, more demands for computing I mean, more requests come will it also be scaling up horizontally? yes for the serverless platform generally, the serverless means the developer would not pay attention to the server end but as the operator antenna would still need to pay attention to that if the hardware is not sufficient, we need to add more hardware my question is for private cloud we have the container deployed which could be scaling up and down as well then, what would be more special about the serverless platform in this case? well, the scaling is like scaling from 1 to n it is like this but for serverless, it could be scaled up from here to n actually, now, Kubernetes is able to achieve this it means my service does not require running here 7-20 hours, 7-20 hours but when it waits for others to implement it I still recommend the service but the first trigger for serverless would take some time because it is based on code starting if it evolves container then for the first time trigger it may need at least one second and you need to judge whether or not you could accept this one second first of all, you save the resources and when there is no trigger, it would not execute and for the first time, it might take some longer time but within 5 seconds if 50 requests come it could scale horizontally very quickly this could be achievable please hand over the microphone to him actually, for serverless platform now most not support long but for serverless, this concept has been evolving we used to talk about the serverless but now we are talking about the serverless with the status so we often hear the clients saying that they want a longer time running of it but if they require longer time for the running they could just have a portal deployment on the Kubernetes they do not need serverless platform my question is that for serverless is it similar to Google's Firebase? is it also a function as a service platform? yes seems you don't know that right, I don't know much about it okay then for serverless as you mentioned it could also run the Java script script, yes so it means you can do with any server with it you can write in any language, yes you can write in any language and you upload it onto the platform and when you need it, it could help you mobilize that language and function my question is it could be compared with AWS Lambda it is like an open source so it also makes use of the Docker yes, for Lambda it's not Docker so if you have a new request from them there is one you could have Docker and also call starting yes but we have some optimization we could prepare some container pool in advance if you need a Docker image and run a Node.js application on the Docker image you could in advance start the Node.js environment for you and this environment is already except for putting into your program but it would occupy some resource and you can just put it there, make it ready to reduce the cool starting part but actually it is not cool starting it is to optimize it, yes well, there were some people asking about whether or not you support all image, yes then how about the premise loading if you upload the image you could not realize on premise loading they are actually two modes for image we call it black box for container it is just to lift it but we don't know what's in the container now Kubernetes also making the service platform yes, so how do you compare well, for IBM we invest we input into both communities and I think they would both exist in the future my question is not very relevant to it but I want to ask for different language, round time the starting time would be very largely and how would you optimize this well, this is a very good question I would like to share with you some of my view points and I know that for cold starting time it's mainly spent on lifting the container but for Node.js and Java Java would be slower than Node.js but I think the time is still very minimum compared with the container starting time so it could be neglected I remember you started this project back in 2016 it's three years past and how do you see the future direction for a serverless platform any trend, I think at the beginning we talked about to save the resources with a serverless platform because it could adopt the pay as you need, pay as you use mode but when we talk about a serverless platform future, in the future I think it is too often new experience to the developers that the developer could enjoy some cloud development capability more so serverless, I think it was initiated in 2012 and by 2016 the evolution of it is not finished and it will keep on and personally speaking the future cloud platform will become a cloud OS programming on cloud will mobilize a lot of APIs and it will be supported by the cloud capability to realize your logic but now if locally you write a Node.js script and some image processing capability might be from the local but if it is on cloud it will be based on the cloud capability so I believe in the future with the development of the serverless platform it will be more of a cloud OS another important trend for serverless would be eventing the event and the cloud event in addition to the OS capability it will also have various events to trigger I believe that is important direction for serverless development you mentioned eventing which is an important direction for serverless future now for CNCM they have a cloud event and do you think that is related to eventing here for serverless I know about cloud event which is for cloud native and for OpenWisk we now do not have the plan you also mentioned the cloud native and IBM participation into it IBM in the cloud native community has put a lot we are involved in all blogs here time is up any more questions? ok now we close the session thank you for listening


Big Roast and Sandwich Uh, Boat Readiness System Broken Retired Service Member Basic Research Sonar I would think, I don't know, Baggage Removal System? Baggage Removal System BRS Boat Rockin' Sir Boat Rockin' Sir Bacon Ramps Up Bridge Resource Systems Black Rifle Special Boys' Romper Store To me, it means, Baby's Brack Swag Banana Reason Smoothie Boat's Rutter Screws Green Rodriguez Some Protein Boston Red Sox Berry Red Smoothies Jamba Juice My new Mustang BRS Being in the Army, we don't use too many acronyms, so my best guess would probably be boring Russian study groups Oh, is that a new rate? Most of us make rescue swimmer? No, no, no, no. Blemish Removal Service Actually, BRS stands for the Blended Retirement System Blended Retirement System Blended Retirement System Effective 1 January 2018 1 January 2018 1 January 2018 And many service members will have the choice to opt in The choice The choice to opt in Or to stick with the Legacy High 3 System


He deserves a praise and all the honor and the splendor and majesty. Powerful, powerful sermon for the glory of God, Pastor Christopher. Next, we have our next sola, sola fide. Pastor Mark Rashir is a pastor of Cornerstone Baptist Church in Chuliota, right here, Chuliota. A northeast suburb of Orlando, Florida. Usually when we explain that, we have to say it's outside of Vito or outside Orlando. He has been married to his wife Karen since 1994 and has two daughters, Abby and Lauren. Cornerstone holds the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith and the mission of making disciples for the glory of God. Has as its mission, making disciples for the glory of God. That mission is sustained and supported by the spirit of God through the faithful exposition of God's word and the faithful obedience of God's people. We are committed to edifying the body through the teaching of God's word, equipping the body through the application of God's word, and employing the body by sending them out with God's word in evangelism. Open air preaching, missions, and more for the purpose of engaging the body and extolling our God, our great God, and Savior Jesus Christ, making disciples for the glory of God. So it is my pleasure to welcome Pastor Mark Richier. Good morning. How are we doing this morning? Welcome. We are delighted to be able to host you all and glad that you're here. And let's open with a word of prayer. Father in heaven, God we praise your name. God thank you for the worship. Thank you for Christ. Thank you for grace. Thank you for faith. Thank you for your word. Some brother was preaching just a parenthetical moments, God, where we're wrapped up in your glory. And we worship you now in this. Be with us as we study your word together, Lord, for your great namesake and for your everlasting praise and worship. In Jesus' name, amen. If you will, please turn with me in your Bible to Revelation chapter 4. Revelation chapter 4. Our topic of discussion this morning is solo fide, justification by faith alone. I want to begin with entering into a glimpse of this doctrine from Revelation chapter 4. Revelation chapter 4. Let's begin reading together in verse 1. Revelation chapter 4 verse 1. Here the Bible says, After these things I looked and behold, and you can just imagine John's astonishment with what he's seen, a door standing open in heaven, and the first voice which I heard was like a trumpet speaking with me saying, Come up here and I'll show you the things which must take place after this. And we know from chapter 1 that trumpeting voice was the voice of Jesus Christ himself, the risen and ascended Lord. And he's saying with authority here, that sound of a trumpet, with authority commanding, come up here and I'll show you the things which must take place after this. And immediately John said, I was in the spirit and behold, a throne set in heaven. And this issue of the throne becomes a theme of John here in chapter 4 and in chapter 5, mentioned 11 times in this chapter alone. This is not a throne of rest at this point in time, this is now a throne of reigning, ruling, and soon to be a point of judgment, a throne pointing to the judgment that is coming. And one sat on the throne, and he who sat there was like a jasper, and a sardius stone in appearance, and there was a rainbow around the throne. We get a picture of this throne in Daniel chapter 7, verse 9 and 10. The Bible says, I watched till thrones were put in place, and the ancient of days was seated, his garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head was like pure wool. His throne was a fiery flame, its wheels a burning fire, and fiery stream issued, and came forth from before him. A thousand thousands ministered to him. Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The court was seated, and the books were opened. Isaiah caught a glimpse of this throne, in this throne room in Isaiah chapter 6, verse 1. I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, high and lifted up, and the train of his robe filled the temple, and with this throne we see here the glory of God, and the glory of God. He who sat there was like a jasper, and a sardius stone, a sardius, that blood-red ruby. In appearance, and there was a rainbow around the throne, an appearance like an emerald, meaning that the chief color was green, but like a rainbow around the throne. Zekeul, the prophet of Zekeul saw this in chapter 1, verse 27. When he says, I saw as it were the appearance of fire with brightness all around, like the appearance of a rainbow in a cloud on a rainy day, and so was the appearance of the brightness all around it. This was the appearance of the lightness of the glory of the Lord. And so when I saw it, and this is the appropriate response, to the glory of God, I fell on my face, and I heard a voice of one speaking, hear a rainbow around the throne, and the appearance like an emerald. Verse 4, Revelation chapter 4, around the throne were 24 thrones, and on the thrones I saw 24 elders sitting clothed in white robes, just symbolizing the perfect righteousness of Christ, credited to the account of those who would repent and believe the gospel. And they had crowns of gold on their heads, so the throne preceded lightnings and thunderings and voices. It reminds us of Exodus 19, doesn't it? The people of Israel came before Mount Sinai, and they heard the thundering voice of God, and they heard the peelings of thunder, lightning and voices. Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne, which are the seven spirits of God. And before the throne, there was a sea of glass like crystal.  And the first living creature was like a lion. The second living creature like a calf. The third living creature had a face like a man, and the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle. The four living creatures, each having six wings, were full of eyes around and within, and they do not rest day or night saying, Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty who was in His to come, His permanent, consistent, constant worship in heaven of God, Lord Almighty, Isaiah 6-3. The prophet Isaiah said, Holy, Holy, Holy, is the Lord of hosts. The whole earth is full of His glory. And this holiness and this trifle proclamation of God's holiness is God's complete and total separation from sin. God alone is majestic in holiness. Holy and awesome is His name. In Habakkuk 1 verse 13 the prophet says, you are of pure eyes than to behold evil and cannot look on wickedness. We're reminded in the words of Christ in Matthew 5 you are to be perfect just as our Father in heaven is perfect. And we hear the words of God Himself saying you shall be holy for I am holy. We see the lightning and we hear the thunder. We feel the heat and we know that our God is a consuming fire. Here in heaven sinless angels charged with the constant and eternal worship and praise of God. They do not rest day or night for worshiping the living God. In chapter 4 verse 11 you are worthy, oh Lord to receive glory and honor and power for you created all things and by your will they exist and were created and the 24 elders cast their crowns before him and are bowed down and worshiping God. He is worthy of our worship, amen. In chapter 5 verse 11 angels numbering 10,000 times 10,000 and thousands of thousands praise and worship Christ with a loud voice saying worthy is the Lamb who was slain to receive power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and blessing. Do you see how glorious this glimpse, this view of heaven, how perfect, how fervent and pure the worship and praise of God and how worthy is God to receive it. Do you see in this this is what you're created for you're created for the everlasting praise and worship of Almighty God. Do you feel in this the weight of your sin how imperfect, how impure and in our own righteousness we are hopelessly consigned to stand far off from this glimpse of the glories of heaven and cry out with Isaiah, I am undone. I'm a man of unclean lips and I dwell on the midst of a people of unclean lips understand that the context of this praise of God's holiness here is the judgment of the unrighteous.  And in perfect justice and in perfect righteousness he rightly pours out his perfect wrath upon it.  What is there that you can do that is not corrupted by the flesh? What is there that isn't polluted by pride or stained by selfish motive? John Bunyan said that even his best prayer contained enough sin to damn the world.  The prophet, Nam in chapter 1 verse 6 says who can stand before his indignation and who can endure the fierceness of his anger? His fury is poured out like fire and the rocks are thrown down by him. Psalm 130 verse 3 if you Lord should mark iniquities, oh Lord who could stand? And the right answer to that rhetorical question no one who isn't perfect righteous and holy Martin Luther just prior to his conversion and just prior to the spark that ignited the Protestant Reformation he was about to address God in his first mass and he froze with this glimpse of heaven. At these words he said I was utterly stupefied and terror-stricken I thought to myself with what tongue will I dress such majesty seeing that all men ought to tremble in the presence of an earthly prince who am I that I should lift up my eyes or raise my hands to the divine majesty? The angels surround him at his nod the earth trembles and shall I a miserable little pygmy say I want this I ask for that for I am dust ashes and full of sin and I am speaking to the living eternal and true God and all of created humanity there is no one who can stand before this throne in the light of this holiness under the holy, just and good law of God and be declared righteous and worthy of anything other than God's eternal judgment will you stand before God who defines holiness and profess to be holy profess to be good it then begs the question how can a sinful man be right with God how can I be justified or made right before him how can I be righteous what must I do to be saved the Philippian jailer to Paul and Silas said sirs what must I do to be saved the crowd at Pentecost men and brethren what shall we do Paul on the road to Damascus crushed under the weight of his sin what shall I do lord and this question the most important of questions is answered by the glorious doctrine of the justification by faith alone justification by faith alone as one theologian put it that bears the weight of the entire world on its shoulders the entire weight of Christianity Martin Luther has said that the church stands or falls on this one doctrine it is the essence of historic Christianity and the essence of the gospel and that which makes Christianity distinct from every other religion Christianity is the religion of divine accomplishment it is finished it is done based in Christ's finished work alone and in nothing else all of the religions are ultimately based on human effort the sinner's own efforts to be holy this is the doctrine of the justification of faith by faith alone I want to give you three exhortations with respect to this doctrine justification by faith alone solo fide one you need to prove it yourself you need to protect it and we need to preach it we need to prove it protected and preach it first if we want to be able to prove it let's look at Paul's argument for this turn with me to Romans chapter 3 Romans chapter 3 there's a great argument in Romans chapter 3 for the justification for justification by faith alone that begins in verse 19 we'll walk quickly there are glorious truths in this chapter and we could spend months in these verses alone but in chapter 3 we see Paul's argument for justification by faith alone and we want to be able to prove this doctrine from this passage so let's walk through it together we begin in verse 19 this is Romans chapter 3 verse 19 and here the Bible says that whatever the law says it says to those who are under the law that every mouth may be stopped and all the world may become guilty before God by the deeds of the law no flesh will be justified in his sight for by the law is the knowledge of sin here in verses 19 and 20 the verdict is in he begins with we know that's the word Oida it's a perfect complete understanding it is unquestioned it is uncontested it's not developing it is known it is known here complete unquestioned the word outside of grace is under the law of God and accountable to God in chapter 2 Paul explains that the Jews were under the written law of God and Gentiles there show the work of the law written on their hearts as Paul says again in Romans 14 so then each of us shall give an account of himself to God in the imagery here of the courtroom we are all declared guilty guilty there is no parole there is no defense there is no excuse the only response here is silence that every mouth may be stopped there is no possibility of parole there is no possibility or hope of purgatory here the only thing that settles is the certain fearful expectation of judgment what can be said in your defense imagine that throne room in heaven what would you do you would corrupt it there is nothing that can be said in self defense silence your self justification so that you can hear the truth of the gospel silence is the only appropriate response you can't say anything and if you can't say anything what is there that you could possibly do what could you add what would gain merit with God what would gain his favor what can you do you are unrighteous that verdict is in there is nothing there are no works that will justify you in his sight there is no sentence to expect here but the death penalty and rightly so the death sentence is deserved and when we look at works and those things that we think make us a good person or the things that we do that we think are good or righteous in God's eyes we have to be reminded that the law of God was never intended to be a means of salvation we cannot be saved by the law Old Testament or New Testament the law was intended to show the impossibility for someone to be righteous in their own effort to meet to or attain to or rise to a benchmark that God himself in his holiness is set you can't do that through the works of the law the works of the law the law is intended to show us our sin in other words nothing a person does nothing a person does no matter who they are doing it for no matter how appropriately placed or not their motivations are nothing they can do can gain favor with God if you're trying to be a good person if you're working to be a good Catholic you're trying to straighten up your life so that you can become a Christian Christian if you're looking at your Christian performance as the ground of whether or not you're on good terms with God you cannot Paul would say of you in Romans chapter 10 verse 3 that you are ignorant of the righteousness of God and seeking to establish your own righteousness you're not submitting to God's righteousness God's righteousness is the only righteousness that will stand it's God's righteousness alone that is perfect the righteousness alone that satisfies the just demands of God's law in chapter 3 here in Romans in verse 21 the Bible says but now the righteousness of God apart from the law is revealed being witnessed by the law and by the prophets and now Paul having used the law justly to bring about guilt that reveals hope the only kind of righteousness that man can produce is unrighteousness the righteousness of God here is that righteousness which is authored by God it meets every demand of God's justice this righteousness is characterized in its essence by all that God is and all that God does and this righteousness Paul is proclaiming perfect harmony with and attested to by the Old Testament scriptures being witnessed it says here by the law and the prophets look what it says in verse 22 now even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all and on all who believe this righteousness authored by God himself comes to every believer, Jew or Gentile through the vehicle or the means of faith in Jesus Christ this is this righteousness is sinless perfection which only Jesus Christ and Jesus Christ alone has fulfilled he endured our every temptation and yet was without sin this comes to every believer it's not righteousness through the law for the Jew and through faith for the Gentile but both through the means of faith alone Sola fide verse 22 for there is no difference for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God hear all men whether Jew or Gentile or under the very same verdict all must have the very same remedy for their sin problem and that remedy is in God's glorious wisdom don't you praise the Lord that this doesn't come from within us but it comes by God's grace as our brother preached from without us and God grants and gives it this righteousness is the righteousness of God that comes by faith in Jesus Christ now think about it here for there is no difference all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God with the lost there is no distinction between those who are lost all have sinned and all must have the righteousness of Christ in order to be saved in that essence in that sense the chief of sinners today the chief of sinners was justified he wasn't too depraved to be justified by God whatever sin that you're in the Lord God in his grace and in his mercy can save you from that be sure that he won't save you in it turn from your sin whatever it is God will save if you will put your faith in Christ stop relying on your own effort rely on your own goodness silence your self justification and hear the gospel of God and be saved verse 24 what a glorious explanation here of the gospel being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus we could easily spend weeks on this one verse being justified justification here is the opposite of condemnation condemnation doesn't make a man guilty condemnation declares him guilty in the same way justification is a declaration it's a completely forensic or legal transaction that changes the judicial standing of the sinner before God it is a statement it's a declaration that all the demands of God's righteous law are fulfilled on behalf of the sinner in justification God imputes or credits to the perfect righteousness of Christ to the believer's account and then declares that person right before him this is not the infusing of a righteousness to us but the imputing of a righteousness not the infusing of a righteousness into us but an imputing or a crediting of a righteousness to us and because Christ is the federal head and representative of his people God can impute his perfect righteousness to us because Christ himself has secured that righteousness by his perfect life or his perfect obedience to the law and because he bore the penalty of the broken law on our behalf we will repent and believe in the gospel all of this as our brother preached as by his grace notice that this is a free gift of his grace therefore it's not a result of anything else throughout this passage of scripture it screams grace alone it screams faith alone there's simply nothing else that you can add to the perfect wisdom of God in redeeming a sinful humanity a gift by definition is something given freely, it's unmerited and here it's another way of expressing that this is not anything to do with works it's apart from any work anything that you can add all this only through the price paid by Jesus Christ the ransom price paid for our rescue is seen as well the act of justification is now seen as a matter of grace on God's side and a matter of faith on ours grace and faith fit perfectly together and we'll see that the ground of all of this is the perfect life of Christ and his perfect substitutionary death you must have a substitute will you stand in that throne room with your sin will you stand before God the holy of holies before thousands and thousands and ten thousands times ten thousand and have your sin laid bare before him you need the righteousness of another the price paid for our redemption was the atoning sacrifice the substitution of Jesus Christ at the cross he paid for it with his blood he shed his blood he was not simply a witness it wasn't simply an example it was a sacrifice it's an actual substitution verse 25 goes on whom God set forth as a propitiation by his blood through faith to demonstrate his righteousness because in his forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed to demonstrate at the present time his righteousness just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus in verse 25 the satisfaction here of God's wrath inherent in justification is also through the vehicle of faith it's also through faith alone then says that God in his forbearance passed over the sins that were previously committed what that doesn't mean is that God swept sin under the rug doesn't mean that he excused it or winked at it this in reference if you think about it to Old Testament saints for example take Abraham God exercised patience exercised forbearance in passing over those sins in light of the certainty of Christ's coming sacrifice God never tolerates or excuses sin sin in any form then in verse 26 it says here that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus Christ God is serious deathly serious about sin you don't want to receive justice from God you want to receive mercy from God justice gives you what you deserve mercy is a grace the perfect justice of God is proven upheld it is displayed in the death of his own son in the death of Christ the horrors and the glories of the cross the sacrifice of his own son is how is how God maintains his perfectly righteous character at the same time that he justifies ungodly people Proverbs chapter 17 verse 15 says this in that sense he that justifies the wicked is unjust that God is perfect justice God certainly is an unjust here God maintains his justice because Christ himself bears his justice on behalf of the ungodly begs the question then to prove the point here of justification by faith alone in verse 27 where is boasting then it is excluded by what law of works no but by the law of faith therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith apart from the deeds of the law and that there apart from the deeds of the law with everything that's been said to this point is faith alone faith alone because of the power of the cross of Christ because of the sacrifice that was made because of the infinite value of that sacrifice because of the completeness of that work which Christ said on the cross it is finished and because of the perfect righteousness of Christ there is nothing further for a wicked sinner to add here to do so would render the cross of Christ and that sacrifice of no effect what could it be but faith alone what could it be but grace alone what could it be but Christ alone to the glory of God alone according to the scriptures alone it can't be anything else what would you add you're standing in the throne room in Revelation 4 what would you add to the glories of heaven what can you add besides the righteousness that is not your own therefore a man is justified by faith and that justification by faith alone many false religions will say that they uphold grace many false religions will say that they uphold faith but it is as our brother said this word alone that differentiates wicked works systems from the only true salvation as wonderful as other Christian graces are it must be only by faith the bible doesn't say that you're justified by repentance but be sure that if you do not repent you will perish right it's not justification by humility although humility is a great Christian grace it's not justification by meekness it's not justification by hope it's not justification by love which the scripture says is greater than faith he that does not love does not know God but it's not justification by love it's not justification by prayer you can't say a prayer you can't make a decision it's not justification by sacraments if righteousness came by any of these sources it would be the antithesis of grace it would be the antithesis of faith it is by grace alone and because it is only by grace it must be by faith and by faith alone whatever you add to chapter 1 only ends up subtracting you add anything to grace you negate it you add anything to faith you negate it you negate both now to him who works the wages are not counted as grace but as debt but to him who does not work but believes on him who justifies the ungodly his faith is accounted for righteousness in the Ephesians chapter 2 verse 8 and 9 for by grace you have been saved through faith and that not of yourselves that not of yourselves anything that you could add anything that you could imagine it's not of yourselves it is the gift of God not of works which is another way of saying not of yourselves lest anyone should boast oh God in Christ having not our own righteousness which is from the law but that which is through faith in Christ the righteousness which is from God by faith why here why isn't it repentance why isn't it humility why isn't it love why isn't it hope why isn't it prayer why isn't it those sacraments rest upon Christ and upon his righteousness the very substance of faith is that it rests that it trusts that it relies upon the righteousness of another faith is the receptive empty hand of the depraved destitute beggar in that sense it is completely compatible with grace rather than anything that we would do anything that we would do is incompatible with grace there aren't any works that we could add nothing in my hands I bring simply to thy cross I cling fowl fowl I to the fountain fly wash me savior or I die the faith is a a trusting of everything we are


We're here in Peru having a good time. It's a very rewarding experience helping out all these people that are coming in. It's a great feeling coming here and like changing people's lives. It's been honestly a blessing and I think it's amazing to actually be here to help and be a part of the mission. I feel accomplished, an opportunity to go out there and give what I have to other people. I'm happy to be here. I'm happy to help. Glad to see what we can do and how we can help.