Hello, students. This is Mr. Nagesh Arthambake, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Valchan Institute of Technology, Sholapur. Today, we will discuss on classification of CNC machine tools. Learning outcome. At the end of this session, students will be able to explain classification of CNC machine tools. In this particular session, we are going to discuss introduction, classification of CNC machine tools based on the motion type, based on the control loops, based on the number of axis, based on the power supply. First of all, I will ask the question to you, what is a CNC machining? Please think on it and try to get the answer. CNC machining is a process used in the manufacturing sector that involves the use of computers to control machine tools like lathes, mills and grinders. Classification based on the motion type, first one is point to point system. It is used in some CNC machines such as drilling, boring and tapping machines, where the spindle is always vertical or sometimes horizontal to the component or sometimes angle is also given. The control equipment for use with them are known as point to point control equipment. Field rates need not to be programmed. In these machine tools, each axis is driven separately because once the drill boot is inserted into the object, then it is lifted up and again separately it is going to another position. Likewise, different holes can be prepared with the help of this point to point system. Next one is contouring system that is also called as continuous path system. As shown in the figure, it is used in CNC machine tools such as milling machines. These machines require simultaneous control of axis. Contouring machines can also be used as point to point machines, but it will be uneconomical to use them unless the workpiece also requires having a contouring operation to be performed on it. Now next one is classification based on the control loops, open loop system. Programmed instructions are fed into the controller through the input device. These instructions are then converted to the electrical pulses, signals by the controller and sent to the servo amplifier to energize the servo motor. The primary drawback of the open loop system is that there is no feedback system to check whether the program position and velocity has been achieved. The open loop system is generally used in point to point systems where accuracy requirements are not critical. Very few continuous path systems utilize open loops control classification based on the control loop in that closed loop system. The closed loop system has a feedback subsystem to monitor the actual output and correct any discrepancy from the program input. These systems use position and velocity feedback. This feedback system could be either along or digital. The analog systems measure the variation of physical variables such as position and velocity in terms of voltage levels. Digital systems monitor output variations by means of electrical pulses. Closed loop systems are very powerful and accurate because they are capable of monitoring operating conditions through feedback subsystems and automatically compensating for any variations in real time. Next one that is classification based on the number of access. Two and three access CNC machines. CNC lets will be coming under two access machines. There will be two access along which motion takes place either X or Y. The saddle will be moving longitudinally on the bed Z axis and the cross slide moves transversely on the saddle along X axis. In three access machines there will be one more access perpendicular to the above two access. By the simultaneous control of all three access complex surfaces can be machined. Here in this figure the right hand thumb rule is shown. Here the middle finger shows the Z axis. The first finger shows the Y axis and the thumb shows the X axis. And also the thumb is showing the direction of axis and all the fingers are showing the direction of rotation of the tool. Now importance, now classification based on number of access again in that importance of higher access machining that we will discuss over here. Reduce the cycle time by machining complex components using a single setup. In addition to time saving, improved accuracy can also be achieved as positioning errors between setups and setups are eliminated. Improved surfaces finish and tool life by tilting the tool to maintain optimum tool to part, contract, contact all the times. Here you can see whatever the spindle is there, we can move in any angle so that we will get the holes to be drilled, the contours to be made in any angle. Improved access to undercuts and deep pockets by tilting the tool. The tool can be made normal to the work surface and the errors may be reduced as the major components of cutting force will be along the tool axis. Higher access machining has been widely used for machining, sculptures, surfaces in aerospace and automobile industry. So likewise if we use number of access to then the spindle is moving in two axis and if we are using three axis then definitely job and spindle together they are synchronizing and we are getting the machining at all surfaces. Now classification based on the power supply. Mechanical power unit refers to a device which transmits some form of energy to mechanical power which may be used for driving slides, saddles or gantries forming a part of machine tool. The input power may be electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic. Sometimes electrical power is directly used in the CNC machine and sometimes if we require more torque, if we require more force that time hydraulic and pneumatic systems may be used. Therefore in this figure you can see the servo motor for CNC machine tool. These servo motors are used to drive a tools at the required positions in the CNC machines. Therefore these are the references you can refer the Hazra Choudhury book that is elements of workshop technology volume to media promoters and second book that I will recommend that is Ian Rao manufacturing technology metal cutting and machine tools that is published by Tata McGraw-Hill and another third book I will recommend that book is nothing but the Raghu Omsi that is also the manufacturing technology. That is a simple one and some of the contents are given in that book therefore you can refer that book for more information. Thank you. Thank you.


Welcome back to Stadium Authentics. Right now we have the honor of sitting down with one of the greatest, if not the greatest college basketball coaches of all time, Mr. Jim Bayheim. How are you, Jim? I'm great, just obviously a tough time, but we're a practice. We're trying to get everybody ready to go and hope that like all these other sports that we're somehow gonna be able to play in November. Now coach, obviously we all know that you went to Syracuse, but Brandon actually went to Syracuse as well. So both of you, I just kinda wanna hear your personal thoughts and your admiration for what Syracuse means to you and what does the community mean for you as well? Well, it's a great community. They love basketball. And from the moment I got here, you know, almost 60 years ago, 1962, and played and was an assistant coach and head coach, I've never left. So it's been a long run. So that's been great. It's a good city, a nice city. And the university, it's just a great place. I've been lucky to be able to be here for so long. And we recognize Brandon sometimes as a graduate. We try not to talk about it too much, but he is a great graduate. He's been a guy that gives back to his university and that's so important. I've got four years of eligibility left, coach. We'll leave that for another time in case you need a good three-point shooter. I wanna kind of dive into something that is near and dear to your heart in your personal life. Now that is the Jim and Julie Bayheim Foundation. Can you talk to us a little bit more about that? Well, you know, we raised money for a long time for coaches versus cancer, probably five, $6 million. And then we started our own foundation and we're able to still raise money for cancer research, but bulk of the money we raise go to kids. Any organization that works with kids in central New York, you know, we're able to give grants from as little as $2,000 up to $100,000. So every penny that we raise stays right here in New York. It doesn't go to a big organization, although that organization may be a good one. We're able to raise, you know, and our grants are in the neighborhood of about $600,000 a year in this area and Boys and Girls Clubs, anybody that works with kids. And to be able to do that and give back to our own community, it's just, it's special. And our fans of supporters, they've donated big over the years and to be able to give back to your community, there's nothing better than that. Absolutely. Did you ever think we'd be signing the dome, selling pieces of the dome? And I mean, it just shows how important that dome in Syracuse sports is to the community. But thank you for doing it, Spani. It's a great thing to see the pieces and some of the stuff you put together, it's great. And I think our fans like that kind of thing and they support that and it's been great. You've been coaching over 40 years when you were there at Syracuse as a coach, but I want to know there had to have been an aha moment for you where you were looking at a player realizing their truest potential. Can you share a story with us on that? Yeah, my assistant in 2002 said, let's go down and see this kid in Baltimore. And Troy Weaver, he's now a general manager in the NBA, Detroit, very smart basketball guy. And he said, you know, this guy could help us win the national championship. But you know, you hear that, he just, yeah, sure. I mean, you hear that a lot of this guy's that good. But I went down to see Carmelo and the first three plays he made a three, a pull-up jumper and a dunk. And I turned to Troy Weaver and I says, you know, you might be right, this guy could help us win. And we had a good group come in in 2003. We had some veteran players and he led us to the national championship. But I remember sitting there in that gym in Baltimore looking at this young kid play and thinking, you know, this is the guy. I mean, this guy can do it. And I mean, it's unlikely that that's ever gonna happen, particularly with freshmen. We are two best players. We're freshmen, Carmelo and Jerry McNamara. But you know, we had some good supporting players and things went right. And we got on a roll and went all the way. It's a great moment. And I remember, I always remember sitting in that gym watching this young kid play and thinking, this could be the guy. And it turned out to be the guy. Well, thank you so much, Jim. We appreciate it. As always, we cannot wait to check in with you again real soon. Thank you. Wow, what an episode this has been. We had so much fun. No question. And I think it's a time when you got to start enjoying your collecting. It's that time of the year. Winning, sports. Everything. Holidays. Thank you, Allie. You've been great today. I hope the fans and everybody out there has enjoyed this. We love to hear from you. So please reach out, tell us what you're looking for, tell us what you like, and join in on the fun. Yes, we can't wait to hear from you. That's Collectible Exchange on Facebook. For this show, this is Brandon Steiner. I'm Allie Melendez and we'll see you next time.


Thanks for coming to my talk and showing some interest. I'll be showing this slide again during the questions portion so you can write that down or follow whatever. So my name is Steven. My friends call me Steve-O. This is my 11th DEF CON and my first time as a speaker. Yeah, this is kind of cool. This is my third year participating in the wireless capture of the flag. My team has won three years in a row and two of the years we won a black badge. My day job is I'm a system engineer or ops guy, as a lot of people like to call it. And at night I like to play with security stuff. So, now Rick gave a breakdown of what Fox hunting was. I'm not sure how many of you guys were there when you saw him go over that. But basically they release people out there with Wi-Fi foxes in their pocket that have a VSS ID and associated with it. And we're supposed to go out there and try to track it down and follow where it is and ask the person if they're the fox. One of the new challenges, which is kind of cool, I wrote this into my program as crack the WPA. So anyhow, the foxes actively avoid you.  And sometimes they can go into non-public areas and go hide and stuff, so you have to like wait it out or what have you. So you have to kind of be stealth about it. And that's kind of what this tool is based on is the ability to just have like your pie hiding in your backpack or you know, wherever you want to put it. And search for the fox from audio cues. So I just kind of went over this. Why built this? And inspiration was kind of like a Wi-Fi Geiger counter. Wouldn't it be cool if you could like walk around and you know, the frequency of the clicks would increase as you got closer to the fox. So last year my team captured the fox with version one of this software and it's on GitHub. You can download it now and you can like throw it on your pie if you can get it to work. That version has click only so it's just sound. The configuration wasn't dynamic so it didn't have a web UI or anything like that. And there wasn't any external interaction like pulling from an API or something like that. So version two is what I'm hopefully going to demo today if things go well. And I'll go ahead and release that version to my GitHub repo after DEF CON. This has a web UI. It's team aware so I have a Slack integration. So you can put a Slack command in say like add fox with the BSS ID and it'll talk to the database and my device will go and grab that dynamically. It also has a auto cracking feature with Wi-Fi 2. Really cool tool. It's point and shoot. It's really simple. If you haven't used it I'd recommend giving it a shot. It's pretty neat. I have other ideas and actually Zero was just talking to me about maybe doing a little collaboration with this. Yeah, might be cool. I had a lot of fun making this too by the way. So a minimal setup which is kind of what you see on the table here is going to cost you about $90. So this particular version is running Cali on the Raspberry Pi so it's a Cali image. I'm using an alpha adapter that can go into monitor mode and do package injection. It has a USB sound card because I couldn't get the onboard version to work and it's a little particular about the USB sound card so some of them crash so you have to find the right one. I'll probably work on that later. I didn't have time to go around. Obviously you have a battery pack and headphones. So this is, you can come up and look at it or this is what it looks like picture wise and I'll post a link to the slides after so you can download them. So from a program flow perspective, so me as a user, I have my phone with me and I'm connecting to a shared AP between me and the Pi and I interface with a web UI where I can issue commands. I can select what BSS idea I want to scan for and there's also a flag to auto-crack. So it's not turned on by default. In the background, it's got the cracking adapter basically that does the scanning, the signal scanning and does the cracking. The program is controlled and it has a shared state among all the threads. This is the first time I've actually written a multi-threaded application too which was interesting. So it's got a UI module which you'll see where you control it. A sound module which is what controls what is played sound wise. A signal scanner which is telling, it's constantly pulling when this is turned on telling you what the signal strength is and depending on what the situation is it will play different sounds and there's a module that pulls the API to see if there's new foxes and it will play sounds depending on if it successfully pulled it or it had an error. And I don't know, you might hear both sounds, you might just hear one. And yeah, so I kind of went over the slack part so the team could be sitting at the work station and they could type a command into Slack that will add the MAC address or the BSS ID. That will in turn go to a Flask app in AWS and the PyClicker will download the latest data. Yeah, so it's just kind of an interactive component. I do some of this for work so the slack stuff and the API was kind of fun to do. So, yeah, I think I kind of went over some of the design principles. Now I'm going to try to do a live demo. I have screenshots just in case it doesn't work. I practiced this a couple of times so we'll see how this turns out. All right, stand by. All right, so sorry about that. Didn't realize I didn't have the microphone. So, I am going to, I clicked on the wrong one. I have two active APs by the way, so. All right, so that's the sound where it's not picking up signal and this should pick up in just a second. Anytime. So who wants to go like run away? All right, here you go. Yeah, you need to come back. Yeah, I'd like my AP back, thanks. Yeah, so you don't need to go very far like, you know, I don't know, go down that way a little bit. And he's holding it up to his badge. Now it doesn't do anything with the badge. Go that way a little bit. I want it to disconnect and play the sonar sound. Can you guys hear this okay? All right, cool. What's going on the program here is like this is the debug stuff. It's not going to be nearly as verbose. You know, when it's actually enabled. All right, so we lost signal. All right, you can come back now.  If you put it in tinfoil it will stop responding too. What's that? I think there's a lot going on in this room too, so it kind of makes sense. Or did it switch off? No? It's possible someone's messing with it too. Like that's, that is a very, yeah. Anyway, so it, especially when there's not a whole lot of interference it actually works pretty well. So in order for it to start cracking it needs a number of successful pulls. How many is it at right there? Okay, 18. So that should be enough. And we're going to, let me see here. You guys haven't seen the web UI yet, have you? Sorry about that. I forgot that I had it up here. All right, so does it say enabled or cracking enabled? Sorry, it's a little awkward.  And I may have lost connection to the pile. Let me make sure. Yeah. Second. All right, so that's Wi-Fi doing its thing. Now I need to connect to it so it can properly deal off. Did it cap it yet? I can't tell. All right. All right, so now it's doing its cracking. And it's a pie because this isn't very fast. I thought about offloading that to the AWS instance as well, but didn't have time any day now. That's the tone to like, okay, you can go on to the next one. You can go grab the fox and say, this is the past phrase. So don't need any of those slides now. This was just in case the demo got wonky. All right, so does anybody have any questions? It was like super secret secure past phrase or something like that. What's that? Yeah. Yeah. Anybody have any other questions or that word list? I was like 200K or something like that. The word list this year is like 6, 335K, I think. Or actually, I'm sorry, lines. So words, yeah. Yes. Features, I want to add Bluetooth scanning. I also, during the signal scanning portion, it's actually going through all the different BSSIDs and names. I also want to generate a list of BSSIDs that are dynamic in that web interface that I showed you so that, I don't know, you can select one of those without having to actually do any configuration. Like I said, I didn't have time to do that, but yes. No pictures, I guess. Yes, actually, I have one. So my thought is when you're doing the fox hunting is you can use Omni to get a general vicinity and then when you have a lock on the fox and you can use the directional one. Yeah. So that's the plan anyway. Yes, sir. I have thought about that. Math is hard and I didn't have enough time. But yeah, that's an awesome suggestion. I have thought about it, but yeah, I didn't. Yeah, maybe version three. And like I said, the source code is going to be online. So like, if you guys want to contribute, feel free. It's totally welcome if you can bear my crappy code. So all right guys, well, thank you very much. And thanks.


What's up guys welcome back to the rugged Rockhound Sorry, I'm not Trent here Gosh Tim Still in my camera All right Okay, so hello guys welcome once again to the rugged Rockhound if you're new Welcome, I hope you subscribe and can help support the channel So today we are back at a place that I haven't been to since last year and it is the Location where you find bird's eye. So the claim the bird's eye claim is Way over on the other side of that mountain there This is part of the layer where you get what's called the bird's eye marble Which is a layer of limestone that has these algae layers. So these layers of algae grow on Stuff whatever and we've got Seashells and All kinds of things that the algae grows on but what we're really looking for are the gastropod shells Which are your typical coiled seashells that are you know only about that big? But what happens is you go find these and you cut them open and you've got that beautiful shell in the middle And then you've got a bunch of Limestone around the outside that's these rings of algae and it's just beautiful stuff and we just had to get back here It's a new year so we've gone through a cycle with the snow and just this last weekend we've had a Some of the heaviest rain we've had in Utah for a while So we're hoping to expose a whole bunch of new stuff and just like usual. I'm gonna put the GPS coordinates right up here for you guys So if you guys want to get out here, you can just keep in mind this is state public land so to collect on state public land you do need to go to the state of Utah up in the Salt Lake and Actually pay for a permit to be able to collect and it's pretty inexpensive. It's just $25 for a year So anyway, we're gonna be right here at the base of that That's where we found all the good stuff. It's just right here on this hill at the base of where they put the power line So yeah, let's get at it. Let's go see if we can find some more of these gastropod shells. Let's do it. Yeah So just to give you guys a quick rundown so you get these spherical shapes that will be Kind of a sphere of algae You get the bigger rocks here Where you'll get tons of little algae things inside of them I don't know how well you can see that But pretty much every rock here Pretty much every rock is part of the algae.  They tend to be a seashell inside So we look for these ones that are kind of long Thicker at one end thinner at the other end You find those and that's where you're gonna find your seashells That's what we're looking for Hey, you can already see the center of that one Might be a little shell broken piece of a shell So what you want to find are the ones that are the most intact That have that best shape and of course the biggest so there you go see that shape So that's even bigger Now see how it's not bigger at one end. So this may or may not be a seashell. You won't know until you cut it So maybe so that's why you get a bunch of these you cut them open and You look for the seashells because those look the best and we'll definitely show you what those seashells looks like seashells look like afterward when we get them cut It's pretty awesome There's one That one probably has a seashell in it. Oh, yeah, that definitely has a seashell in it now. You see see how the top It kind of has this little hook Because that's the end of the seashell It's following that pattern. So that's definitely gonna be a seashell inside of that one walking over here and look at that It's perfectly broken. So it shows you exactly what's in it. See it's a gastropod or seashell That's encased in And it's been replaced by calcite. Yep. That's a nice one. So very nice. So this is what we're hoping for when we cut them open We're hoping to get these Very very nice There's an elongated one Here we go. This is a great spot. This is a really nice looking one right here Look at that. That's a good size. That's what you're looking for So traditionally this has been our best spot right here right below the power lines So it's probably because they originally had to dig this out and then exposed all the stuff And then it's since weathered and broken apart and that's probably why this is where we find our biggest and best is right through here So this is where we wanted to hit Again and hopefully find some nice big ones like the one I just picked up Got a little one right here nice It looks like the edge of one It's broken. I won't get that one See any others? Yeah, I'll pass on those They're very small might be the end of one right there That could be a broken one. Oh That looks like the edge of one right there. Ah, there we go. It's a much better one. Is that one right there? Yes, it is and Right there So, yeah, they're fairly abundant Just found a big one. There we go. Yeah, it was right there Actually, no, it was right there the little ones right there Nice that's a nice big one. That's an exciting one to cut Nope another little one next to them Good Good good good This is the view from here It's nice Tim's looking around so I found this one. It's a nice little shell You can really see the The shape of the shell so you know that it's a seashell I won't cut that though because it's too small So I had to catch everybody up on where we're at so I just pulled that thing up And Tim's got a couple that big too. So here's where Tim's at Here's where I'm at So on the way down So I had to go get my pick because I pick out my hand pick because I left it Look at that thing Look at that monster Yeah, so I think it's the biggest one. I I don't know if we've ever pulled one out this big before Some host rock and a rounded piece there probably not a shell though So apparently this little spot right here we might have missed last time because it's been fantastic I've been finding stuff all over the surface or it's just because the Sun came out I don't know and Tim's hard at work at there pulling more and more stuff out. So We're doing very well and here we go another monster one That could easily have a nice big shell in it exciting So this is the area that we kind of missed and didn't really search and right here. I found one of these rocks Where you know some of them are still nice and solid But some of them have just kind of fallen apart and this one has pretty much fallen apart So I just started going through it and I've been pulling out a bunch of little shells There's a little one right there. It's a tiny one. I'd like them bigger, but yeah, so I'm gonna just dig into this a little bit See if we can find some more shells down in here So we've both got about as much as we we need for the day.  Mine's just like a gallon bucket We're back from the hunt. I just got everything cut open over here We're gonna go ahead and take a look at it put the macro lens on this and see what we found We got some good stuff today Right got the macro lens on let's go ahead and take a look at some of these So the first one we got here This is a nice example of what it looks like when you cut into an oyster fossil So if you put an outside of it's kind of got this little depression and because of that You're like, oh, that's probably the top or bottom of an oyster shell and sure enough cut it open You get this nice ring and so the ring is the edges of the oyster shell because oysters right are curved like this kind of like a cup shape So yeah oyster shell This one was very interesting looks like it's Some kind of like twig or something Which you do get a lot of those to you get a lot of twigs That the algae grows on as well This one was pretty neat. Yeah, big thing It's pretty darn pretty darn big piece And my guess is it's probably a stick It's probably algae that grew off of a stick that has then since been replaced with calcite Here's our first shell So yeah, we got a whole bunch of shell fossils to show That sounds pretty neat nice contrast This one's pretty cool because it's got a nice fracture going through the middle of it that replaced with calcite It was kind of a neat little contrast there Another nice shell fossil Very nice More shell fossils As you can see I've only got one side quite often when you cut these only one side ends up being good because they are small The shell fossils and so when you cut through them sometimes only one side is good or the other side shatters Very nice though another one see this one was pretty hollow so If you were to polish that the center would not polish it very well But other than that looks nice Another nice looking one look at kind of that reddish color right in there It's pretty darn cool Another nice shell fossil This one is very interesting. Look at the stuff going on in there the patterns and look at the color right there It's drying out Don't dry out Yeah, look at the color right there and look at all that stuff in there That's a really cool one Another nice shell fossil almost looks like it has a shadow Another great shell fossil This is a great pair that turned out really nice This is a single one that turned out Really nice. Look at that. That is fantastic Here's a pair that turned out really good Here's the final one. This was my favorite from it. Look at the chambers inside of it both sides turned out well Just overall really nice piece and there you have it Those are the highlights from our hunt. I love that place the gastropod fossils that you can find out there are so amazing So when you go out there guys, you're looking for shapes like this. All right You get that shape and you know, you're gonna have a nice seashell fossil inside of it Okay, so I've shown you the place to go So get on out there and search for the stuff yourself because remember there's treasure everywhere


Hi everyone, Joe for JasperJasperysCaseRakes.com doing a quick little filler pack here to give away six Faircatch Mixer Spots. We went a big mixer spot for a fraction of the price. Now we're gonna do the break itself first and then we'll re-randomize everybody's names at the end and see who's gonna win those spots. Thanks everyone here for making this happen. There are the teams right here. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it one and a five, six times for names and teams. One, two, three, four, five, and sixth and final time. We'll do a different dice roll for the giveaway part, of course, as always. Six times for the teams. One, two, three, four, five, and sixth and final time. All right, so here's the first half of the list right here. And there's the second half of the list right there. Sort by column B and let's print and rip. Chris, you can just hit that support button on JaspysCaseRakes.com and reach out to them. Yeah, it's probably a good idea. All right, so there's the final printout right there. These are all commons right here until the middle. There we go. Jamal Adams, a little fuller. Bo Scarborough. All right, so nothing too crazy here, but the whole point of this is hey, who's gonna win those spots? Now from Michael down to Michael, two different Michaels. There's some new dice, new list. Let's roll it, randomize it. Snake Eyes, two times. It's gonna be top six. After two, good luck. One and two. Now from seven on down, sad times, but I appreciate it trying. There will be a couple more opportunities to get into this if you want to. JaspysCaseRakes.com. Happy time to the top six, and that's gonna be Aaron. PJ, PJ, Ryan, Sean, and Aaron. Congrats to the top six. Thank you. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


What he knows. I'm lactose intolerant. He's taunting You know to be honest after watching this movie I kind of do want to start playing tag with my friends But was this movie actually good? Well, let's see. My name is Brandon Keith. They bring and this is just my pen Hey, what's going on guys? Thank you so much for tuning in to my opinion slash review for a tag I really do appreciate it and guys if you did not know already The tag is based on a true story or based on true events of a group of friends and Spokane Washington to why they was much younger junior high school. They have become constantly playing the game of tag up to about 30 years and In the month of May no matter where they are in the country, you know from you know May 1st and May 31st You know the game is on and the last person is tagged in the month or whatever they are the loser for an entire year When I first saw the trailer for this movie when I first heard about the premise I was like, are you serious? Are they really making a movie about this? Does this really happen? I thought it was amazing I mean we had Jeremy Renner and Ed Helms in this thing Hannibal Burris Jake Johnson and John Hamm all in this in the trailer. It's like wow. This seems like a ton of fun I cannot wait to see what this movie is all about It's being directed by Jeff Tom sick. I've never heard of this gentleman before when I looked at his Formography, he's done a number of TV movies TV shows in short films and I believe this is his first full-length future So congratulations, sir to get into that point And there's another interesting fact that I found very interesting this kind of old news for everyone I mean people knew this when it was announced But if you don't know it's funny that we have Hawkeye in this movie Jeremy Renner that is running around with the Avengers Fighting aliens all trying and things like that and he's fine But in the movie within tag he ends up breaking both his arms or to be exact He he fractured his right elbow and left wrist while filming this so I mean that's not funny at all I'm not making any jokes, but at the same time. I'm like man.  You didn't hurt yourself, but you know, I hope he did get a full recovery But About the movie tag that I actually like the movie. Well, I like parts When the guys are actually playing tag and running around tagging each other and trying to escape and you know Ducking and dives and the things like that. I love that. That was freaking incredible There was nothing about that that I did not like it was a lot of fun And at points I was just like man I really wish I could jump in the screen and play tag too like it's just been so long So I played tag in real life that I really forgot how funny was so the film really did do a great job there of Engaging you and wanting you to join in on the fun And it had another interesting way of doing that is some characters that and they are in this movie They wanted to play but they necessarily couldn't because they wasn't there from the very beginning And that's just another way that made it very interesting to me What I was not feeling at all in this film was the relationship between the characters in the first half of the film When it started off and they're going around trying to you know, gather the group together gather the friends the game together The whole thing just kind of just felt like watered down Rush and just not authentic. It just didn't seem real It felt like actors on screen there just really one friends that were just kind of you know Going over a script that they memorized. I just did not care about the relationships. It just felt fake It really just felt like that was forcing these real-life events trying to make it seem genuine And it just didn't it just didn't work for me. It just didn't work for me at all But going back to where the parts that I did like especially with German Brennan because he's a champion Since he's in this is in the trailers. I'm not spoiling anything.  Movies and they have been doing that forever But sometimes it flows smoothly and is seamless this part right here just kind of seem on the nose and It really I don't even want to say much more about the film other than you know I liked them extra playing tag But I did not care about the relationships and them getting together a lot of it Just kind of felt over exaggerated Especially one scene where they're at a golf course.  It wasn't just some slapstick comedy where ah, let's go play tag It wasn't like that. I you know, I felt really motion and it got serious to and brought the film up a few notches Because I was gonna give it like a four or five, you know Originally, you know up until like the half point of the film and the last game of tags They played in the movie. That was like the best part of the movie for me. It felt real You know, it did feel genuine and you know pulled on my heartstrings a little bit to where you know If I had to rate tag out of a one out of ten, I will give it a seven out of ten Yes, a seven out of ten like I said, I was gonna give it like a four point five five earlier But the the latter latter half or a latter half of the film really did impress me and Brought it up a few notches and also show some real life footage of the real people They actually were playing this game for 30 years and you know, I got a lot of respect for that You know, I really do but guys that is just my opinion of the latest movie tag What did you think that you like it? Did you hate it? Did I turn you on that?  Do you agree with me or do you disagree with me? Let me know down in the comment section below Let's get this conversation going and keep it flowing if you liked this video Go ahead and give me the thumbs up if you don't this fine, but you can still subscribe to my channel You can also look me up on social media Facebook Instagram and Twitter all the good stuff It's right there at the bottom of your screen And I made it very easy by providing links to all that down in the description box below But guys, I just want to thank you again for tuning into my opinion slash review for tag And before you go don't forget that my name is brandy Keith Avery and that's just my opinion peace


Good evening everyone, thanks Yeti and thanks Ellen for the introductions and First of all, I'd like to even though the lights are very bright here I'd like to thank all of you for coming here at the very end of the day and also I'm afraid to dispel any thoughts that you're going to see a rerun of that fantastic mobile graphics that Hans Rosling gave you this morning But anyway, we'll try and make it stimulating and interesting So my topic is in fact, I also changed the title a little bit Water and Agriculture Threats and Opportunities and I want to sort of draw some of the sort of interconnectivities between Agricultural water use and the urban areas. I mean we know that of course Food is very important for rural and urban residents. We know that the water supply comes from from catchments We know that what some of the waste from urban areas goes into Downstream areas used for for irrigation, etc But I think there are some some broader areas and reasons why the two sectors should cooperate a little bit more And I'd like to go into that a little bit today First I want to start on an optimistic note I think agriculture can be seen to have been a success from the green revolution You see the dramatic increase in productivity over the years in both developed and developing economies and at the same time a reduction in in under under nourishment and this has been quite striking I mean particularly in China and Vietnam with the Advent of economic growth reduction in in malnutrition and under nourishment quite so Also, that's been driven by high crop yields coming out of these Advances from the research laboratories and the closing of the gap between what's possible in the laboratory and what we're seeing in the field and The same time we recognize that it's not all high tech intensive agriculture about two billion small holders around the world are Responsible for about 70% of the food and only about a quarter of the food is actually traded on global markets I'm gonna come back to that because it does have some important Consequences also for food security in relation to and also to stability in in urban areas now a natural understanding of irrigation which is the the backbone of agricultural water management where 40% of food is produced from about 20% of the area due to irrigation is of the large systems the reservoirs the canal systems of the colonial times the sort of Things to sort of see in the Punjab Set up by the British about a hundred or more years ago But in fact in recent times the growth in irrigation has come from more small scale Groundwater driven irrigation and now you can see from this graphic But in fact groundwater is almost double the amount of formal canal irrigation and the question is you know Do the institutions actually reflect reflect that change? but this success has also come at the consequence of a series of impacts and work done by Rockstrom and others in 2009 and then updated a couple of years ago on these ten planetary boundaries show that there are some tipping points Which if exceeded could threaten the sustainability of this agricultural system and even beyond beyond that and agriculture is a cause Or one of the causes of some of these tipping points being exceeded in terms of the nitrogen cycle Coming up next maybe the phosphorus cycle also biodiversity loss and we also see that played out in many areas in terms of water and land degradation in terms of salinity the soil loss degraded areas the amount of Polluted water 12,000 cubic kilometers of polluted water deforestation and The contribution of agriculture, which is very significant to climate change co2 emissions We also see it in terms of the way that this groundwater has been used here a slide on India almost a clear Difference north-south between the areas in the west of the country, which had over abstracted as a result of perversing incentives electricity subsidies allowing people to pump at will and overdraft the groundwater and Then the areas on the eastern area the Eastern Gangetic Plain for example where there is still plenty of replenishable groundwater left So we are getting ourselves into quite a serious situation here at the same time by biodiversity Is is diminishing this work from? WWF and UNEP WCMC shows the reduction in species over the last 30 or 40 years And you can see particularly in terms of freshwater species this dramatic drop You know almost half the species lost in the last 30 or so years And we see a number of trends happening in agriculture to so this shows the Changes in food price index until if you saw the the first part of this graph, which isn't there You'll see gradually diminishing food prices Happening and then in around the turn the millennium. We started to see a trend of food prices rising and Then it's not just rising Uniformly, but then you have these spikes caused by a number of issues in terms of some speculation around agricultural commodities and trade the shift in some areas to subsidies on biofuels also the spikes in energy causing which is also a major Constituent of the prices of agriculture commodities transport production, etc And this also has social instability factors as we'll see in a moment so biofuel production I mentioned I mean this cartoon came from the walkie-journal Sentinel sentinel and Shows, you know, somebody a young child desperate to put food on the plate and just been offered the residue biofuel From from the corn crop, so I think you know We also need to see how this sort of linked up thinking what are the consequences of policy change in one area having in another area But let's look at food I mean who is consuming food and how much of your budget is actually spent on food if you look at in the US For example, only about 7% of the average annual average family budget is spent on food in Sweden apparently It's about 10% Come Central Asia 50 50, but in many parts of the developing world You see actually that figure is about 70% of the budget going on food with the balance being available then for for medicines For for rent for accommodation For education, etc. So what happens if you have one of those spikes? What happens then to those people in this set? We're paying already 70% It means that the amount of money left over if they're not going to starve Is diminished for what they can spend on the other things and so something falls off or they get into debt and I think coming back to Hans's presentation this morning Depending on where you sit in these graphs. You have a different perspective of how serious a price rise price a hike in prices is like the ones we saw in 2008 and 2011 and those foods food price hikes also caused Shortages in some areas a picture here from Mozambique and in some cases They actually led to social unrest and in some cases some researchers are now even linking this sort of the food price hike and insecurity as one possible cause of the Arab Spring at the same time as we develop Our diets are changing and we see that there's a shift towards to towards livestock meat and dairy products, so that the total population rise of The world's farm animals has trebled in the same time that the population has doubled and we can see that what's happening in India and China with an increase in meat production particularly in China, which is getting towards the sorts of levels you see in the States and Also then not meet in India But in terms of dairy products a similar sort of rather Astronomic rise and the key point here is that to grow one kilogram of meat protein Takes about a hundred times more water than one kilogram of grain protein And water is also being traded as we know across the globe and this is leading to Foreign direct investment in some areas in land, but not only in land But also in in water and it's so here an example from Africa where about 3.4 million hectares of land is under foreign direct investment from countries outside of Africa at the moment Predominantly in these six countries listed here, which accounts for about 50% And although water is sometimes mentioned in those agreements The amount of water that may be abstracted and the consequences for the people in that area as you move to more small commercial areas That commercial agriculture. Sorry is is not so so clear The trends also continue in terms of as we develop the changes in in water use So again low and middle income countries about 82% of the water is used in agriculture Whereas as we move towards a high income countries that Proportion shifts and more goes into industry and urban areas and in many OECD countries That shift has taken place. Maybe over a period of over a hundred or more years since the industrial revolution What we're seeing now in many countries is that period that taking place in a period of one generation And I think then that raises the institutional and the management questions about how do we deal with that shift and that transition? So here I'm starting to get into the question of why the urban sector should be really interested in what the agricultural sector is doing And again, I think it's graphically shown here in country in cities which are expanding incredibly quickly You'll see 2003 on the left situation in Hyderabad and how it's mushroomed in size in just 11 11 years and the consequence of that is that Hyderabad is now pulling in Much more water from further afield from groundwater and from inter basin diversions Having consequences not only on what that water was used for before for agriculture But also in terms of the volumes of wastewater and the quality of that wastewater as it goes back into the river into the river system and the question for many of the cities facing this type of Rapid expansion is are the systems in place to really to to manage that are the institutional boundaries Changing the responsibility of the municipalities changing at the same speed as the actual urban Periphery is changing We're also seeing massive Demographic changes of another sort we're seeing feminization of of our agriculture case here of Nepal where they huge migration of males young males from Nepal to the Middle East for work has led to a situation where there are many Females now are heading the households in and the farming in itself not necessarily a bad thing But if the institutions don't change to recognize the role of women and allow them to have access to Services and to credit and role in management bodies, then you have a problem Labor is also an issue The population is also aging the average age of farmers is now reaching about 60 and Many young far young farming families don't want to stay in farming. They want to move to the urban areas again So what is the role then? What does that mean? And actually you're seeing the consequence that in some countries Vietnam China Malaysia for example Whereas maybe 20 years ago. We were worried that there was going to be an increasing fragmentation of land and how was that going to be viable We're now seeing a consolidation of land and with that Opportunities for more commercial more efficient more agriculture and water use so that's Agriculture is a success story, but with problems It's also some of the trends are affecting agriculture and now I just wanted to go on to quickly talk about You know what we need to do to manage it better and four areas I want to talk about very very quickly because I know we're running out of time But I want to be reasonably positive Maybe as Hans was called a possible list in terms of I think there is scope for increasing production and work We did several years ago showed that particularly in those low yield areas. There's tremendous scope for increasing yield We see that massive groundwater still exists in in Africa But let's not make the same mistakes that were made in that western part of India in terms of how we abstract that because it's very Fragile and we know that if it's mismanaged and the wrong subsidies and incentives are put in place Then we will end up with a lots of red dots in that area We know there are Incremental steps to getting people away from just irrigating with buckets to irrigating with pumps including the small-scale Entrepreneur who's going around and selling pump his pump to for a couple of hours to two Farmers in Tanzania in West Bengal in this area where there is groundwater We see that by removing some of the red tape and the connect to connection charges and the problems of getting a license You can actually affect about four and a half million people and get them on the step ladder of irrigation and supplementary irrigation We also see that cross-sectoral cooperation is possible We've seen in China. This is more than ten years ago now where transfers from urban areas from from agriculture to urban areas resulted in In an increase in water productivity and agriculture of three times not 30% but three times as a result of financing that came from the this transfer to finance those productivity increases we see in Latin America the opportunities for benefit sharing and Payments from utility consumers downstream to finance catchment management systems upstream We see more advanced systems happening in Australia with buy back from irrigators transfer to environment looking more Buying between irrigators and things may be too advanced still for some other countries, but it just shows that there are this range of possibilities We also see the options for increasing efficiency and resilience for example Solar pumps are going to come and reduce the burden on fossil fuel electricity generation in India for example We see drip irrigation which we've talked about for 20 or 30 years when I was at university 30 years ago Which has only just started to take off because the incentive framework now is being put in place to do this So large-scale farms are now taking up drip irrigation We see some of this land land degradation being addressed Saline soils as example from the bright spot spots initiative was where licorice You know what we think of in candy sometimes is actually a very good crop for reclaiming Saline soils and at the same time providing fodder and an input into the pharmaceutical industry From my sister Institute the International Rights Institute research Institute. We see new varieties coming up which are Going to be resistant to floods so this rice what they call the scuba rice Can actually be completely inundated for 17 days and still give about 70% of the yield Providing farmers with that sort of insurance that they will still get a livelihood after a catastrophic flood event We see possibilities for managed aquifer recharge Where you take at the peak of the flood and try and store it underground to protect not only the urban areas The sorts of things we saw and the damage we saw in Bangkok in 2011 But also then providing water for summer irrigation But how do we make this operational and finally the last point something which being talked about in the halls of this room and This conference much during today and in the subsequent days the reuse of waste But here I'm particularly looking at the situation in in some countries where treatment is not going to be a reality For the next generation So what do you do then we know people are using water, but this is a sort of thing We end up with this or pollution of land bodies of water bodies because we've provided the toilets We've provided the septic tanks, but we haven't then provided the treatment works to deal with that afterwards So what are the options there? This is one option for the what using wastewater so for the farmer clearly which one would you choose? You know your productivity for the consumer But you know are there pathogens on the one on the left? I don't know so this is sort of thing so can you work with other agencies to make this safer and To sort of make it it's going to happen anyway So how do we make it happen in a safer environment? We've been working with WHO and FAO and US EPA to try and Bring in some of the simple things you can do to actually make that a safer practice As I say treatment is not always the answer. This is about six seventy Treatment wastewater treatment and fecal sludge treatment plants from a West African country where Okay, how many of them work? This is how many actually work now for various reasons Because of lack of electricity lack of capacity lack of maintenance costs and things like this So we have to provide some alternative again an incremental approach and the co-composting of fertilizer and turning of Fecal sludge and turning that into a fertilizer which is safe to handle and safe to yield use and provides the same level as yields as Chemical fertilizer is some of the work that I think is looking particularly promising so that I'd like to to finish and just to say that I think that there is a tremendous scope for Agriculture and the urban sector to work together because together I think we can find some of those solutions which agriculture on its own will not be able to find Thank you very much