And we then broke down the responses we looked at into the metabolic responses, the molecular responses, and the actual cardiovascular responses as a whole. When we think of the cardiovascular system, the measurements of cardiovascular fitness that we get are a product of all these different things. But the cardiovascular system is inherently the heart and the vascular system itself. So we broke down what was happening at the muscular level, i.e. the metabolic and the molecular components, and the cardiovascular components, which were the vascular and the myocardial, or the heart responses. So the first thing we started to look at was what is the oxygen cost of resistance training to momentary muscular failure? So traditional recommendations are if an exercise is going to improve your cardiovascular fitness, you need to achieve a certain percentage of your VO2 max during it. So if we got you doing on a treadmill, running at 80% of your VO2 max and measured the oxygen that you were using, it should be roughly about 80% of what your measured VO2 max is. And recommendations are usually anywhere from sort of 70 to 80% in most physiology textbooks and review papers that you'll look at. On the contrary though, a more recent review has shown that actually the actual relative percentage of VO2 max is not important. And one of the problems with that is if you look at the paper, is that most people measure whole body VO2 max instead of looking at the oxygen costs of the actual muscles that are working. So what we did was we tried to take the studies that have looked at resistance training to failure and those that have not controlled for it properly. And one of the problems with the oxygen cost responses are is that most of the studies are all over the place. So what we found was that most studies didn't or included rest periods and all these other things and gave false impressions of a really low oxygen cost percentage during resistance training, even when it was taken to fatigue because they hadn't controlled their methods properly. So just eyeballing the research in that area, you would get the impression that, oh well, if you take the assumption that you need a high percentage of your VO2 max to improve your cardiovascular fitness, then resistance training provides a really poor stimulus to that. But again, that's a huge assumption. So what we started to look at instead was to try and break it down into all what's actually happening metabolically when we train the muscle really intensely. And the reason I got Doug involved on the paper is because although I had kind of had these ideas brewing in my mind for a number of years and I kind of had a basis for conceptualizing them, Doug's book, Body by Science, really kind of pinpointed it and gave me a kind of framework to think about it in, especially with regards to the actual metabolic responses that go on. So most of the time when we think of metabolism during exercise, you can roughly break it down into, you've got your anaerobic metabolism, which is energy production in the absence of oxygen and you've got your aerobic metabolism, which is any energy production in the presence of oxygen. Now, most exercise recommendations will, again, draw this kind of false dichotomy between the two. They'll say there's a kind of spectrum that if you're working at a very low intensity, you're working aerobically. If you're working at a high intensity, you're working anaerobically. So if you're working anaerobically, you can't improve your aerobic or your cardiovascular fitness. And if you're working somewhere in between, then you might be able to get the best of both worlds. But what that does is it avoids the fact that anaerobic metabolism actually feeds into, just broke my pointer, feeds into the anaerobic processes. So I would recommend actually purchasing a copy of Body by Science and going through the diagrams in there because it presents it very well and the paper, it goes into a lot more detail in terms of the biochemistry or having a look at Doug's presentation next year. But basically the end products of anaerobic metabolism have to enter the mitochondria, which is the part of the cell that does aerobic metabolism. And that's how aerobic metabolism works. Anaerobic metabolism feeds into it. So even at this other end, when you're working predominantly aerobically, as they say, you've still got anaerobic processes going on. At the other end of the spectrum, when you're working maximally anaerobically, your aerobic system will be running maximally as well. The only difference is the proportion of energy that each is providing. So at the end of the spectrum, both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism will be working maximally, but anaerobic metabolism can ramp up and increase the amount of energy it provides exponentially compared to aerobic metabolism. Aerobic metabolism has a limiter on it, basically. There's an enzyme that limits the amount of this end product from aerobic, anaerobic metabolism, the rate at which it can enter the mitochondria and therefore the rate at which you can, you know, aerobically metabolize and produce energy. So what you have is working at maximal intensity. You have a maximal stimulus to your anaerobic metabolism and a maximal stimulus to your aerobic metabolism. And that seems to be limited by this enzyme. So as long as you're working the local muscles maximally, so let's take, for example, you're performing a leg extension exercise. Exercise physiologists love leg extension exercises in research just because it's really easy to control and most labs have a leg extension machine. So let's say you perform repetitions to failure. If we were to measure your VO2 max, or the amount of oxygen you're taking in and using for aerobic metabolism, it would appear to be relatively low if we compared it to your whole body VO2 max. So let's say, for example, we did a VO2 max test on the treadmill. So you've got you to run until you pretty much collapsed and measured the maximal amount of oxygen you could take in. Problem is you're comparing apples and oranges because in the leg extension exercise, you're measuring the maximal aerobic metabolism of the maximal oxygen consumption being used by the muscles in that exercise. And you're then comparing it to the maximal amount of oxygen that you can take in and utilize when you're using loads of other muscles as well. So what's actually happening is, although relatively if you compare it to your VO2 max on, say, a treadmill or a bike, it would appear you're using a very low percentage of oxygen, you're actually working those muscles maximally in terms of their oxygen consumption. So that provides a really strong stimulus to the aerobic components of the muscle there. What you've also got then is, as you start to work maximally, the products of anaerobic metabolism can't enter the mitochondria as quickly as they would like to. They start to stack up in the cell and something's got to be done with them. So they get converted to lactate essentially for a series of biochemical reactions and that lactate can start to interfere with muscular performance and contraction. So the body's got to try and deal with that, otherwise it will start to inhibit the amount of work you can do. And another thing that can start to improve your endurance performance and your cardiovascular performance is an increase in your body's ability to deal with that. Now, this is one of the areas that has not actually been a great deal of research being done on. So some of the stuff we suggest in the paper is speculative and it does suggest that more research needs to be done on it. But it does appear that you can start to improve your lactate threshold, as we call it, the body's ability to take those byproducts and deal with them more efficiently through performing resistance training to momentary muscular failure again. So all of these different things that we look at on the metabolic side of things are all being maximally stimulated when we work a muscle to fatigue. It doesn't matter what the mode of exercise is. It doesn't matter whether you're doing, you're on a bike and you're doing sprints until you can't move the pedals anymore, or if you're on a leg press and you're doing repetitions until you can't move the weight anymore. It's all the same at the metabolic level, at that physiological level.


Hey guys it's Tilly and it happened. It finally happened. I broke my book buying ban and I was doing so well. That's how frustrated I am and I just have such a weak mind when it comes to buying books. I was trying so hard but there were 15% of the Barnes and Nobles other ban classics at Dimx and how could I say no? And since I was going to break the book buying ban I thought I might as well throw in like two or three other books as well because if you're going to do it you might as well do it gloriously am I right? So this video is going to kind of be a mix up of a few different things I have got an unboxing to do which is the Way I Chronicles Echo Wild Box which is A Court of Wings and Rule which is a third book in Sarah J Masters A Court of Throne and Roses series and then I also have some of the books that I bought from a Dimx event that I attended and I also have one book on here which I got from one of the publishers so I'll go through this list and show you guys the books I bought and you guys can totally comment below on what bets you guys won because I only made it five months. Six if you want to kind of like drag it out a little bit more. So firstly we'll start with the Dimx event it was at Dimx Juntalup and this is the first time I've ever done a YA book club and it was so so good plus the added fact that I got to win a copy of A Court of Wings and Rule by Sarah J Masters. This book has just was just released on the day that we had the book club as well so it was like super exciting. The book of the month was Stranger Dreamwell by Lani Taylor. I have been in a reading someplace so I haven't actually managed to read it yet but it was still a really fun night and I'll leave a link to their Instagram and their Facebook page below if you guys want to check them out and support them as well and if you guys are in Perth you guys should totally attend it too. Now for books that I actually bought at the event the first one is the Letters to the Lost by Bridget Kemmer over cool. It's about a young girl called Juliet who writes letters to her dead mother and leaves them by the gravestone and one day Declan Murphy who is pretty much just like bad boy tough guy I'm guessing starts to read these letters and begins to respond them to them and they have his correspondence but little do they know they actually know each other in real life so it sounds like it's going to be a real like good girl goes to bad guy kind of typical story that I'm a total sucker for. Next up we have the book that I broke my book buying band for. I have actually been eyeing this off for a while but they're pretty expensive books and at the dimmings event they had 15% off all of the classics and I swear like one of the girls just narrowed her eyes down to me and just knew that it was going to be my weak point. Cool and it was it was and the one that I picked up was Les Mis by Victor Hugo and it's just like the most stunning copy I have seen of this book yet and like the culture and pages and just the cover and just everything about this is so so stunning and I don't want to open it or touch it or read it because it's so pretty and I just want to put it on my shelf and stare at it for like 60 years. Now for the fun part so dimmings has also just started doing blind dates with a book so I picked up two of them and I'm actually going to open them on here for you guys now so what I'm going to do is I'll read out what the little hints are first that you guys can try to guess it by the time I've opened it. So the first one says a badass heroine complex sibling relationship retelling of history slash royalty set in an unconventional eastern Europe and it is YA thick and I actually guessed this one like I think I guessed it soon as like I got home so it's kind of like if it's what I think it is I already own it but like the second book comes out soon so I can just like re-gift it to somebody or burn it. I'm kidding I like the book I'm not going to burn it. It's like Christmas all over again I just love getting packages. Oh cool you guys wrapped it twice thank you. Haha it's Anno Darken by Kirsten White I do actually own this book but I know one of my friends wanted to read it so I will give it to them but I thought this is what it was going to be and that's the second one I literally have no idea what it is so it says sweet and scorching romance Greek mythology politics and adventure kingdoms rise and fall for you. That's kind of messed up.  A promise of fire the king maker chronicles by Amanda Bouchette. I haven't actually heard of this one before. This actually sounds really really interesting it sounds like it's gonna be a really good fantasy so basically it's set in a world where there is this all-power queen who is just ruling everything but really mean queen so like it's people want to rebel and people do choose to rebel and there's a young girl called Kat who has these hidden powers and she's hiding and she ends up being discovered by the rebellion and they want to use her to help fight the rebellion. If you guys have heard of this book before let me know what it was like and if you guys enjoyed it I think I'm gonna like it but it's kind of like I don't know it's just really weird that I actually have never heard of this book before so let me know what your thoughts are guys. As for the next book I would like to thank text publishing for sending this one out if you guys didn't know I absolutely love text publishing they're just like such a wonderful company and everyone that I deal with is so nice and they have so many great books and I'm just so thankful that they sent me out Still Life with Tornado by AS King. I have heard about this book and I've heard many great things about this book and I'm very excited to read it and although like I've read the blurb countless times I still don't think I can put it into my own words so I'm gonna read that out for you guys and try to be quick. 16 year old Sarah can no longer draw not a pair not her own hand it's a problem because as long as she can remember she has made the art. She might be having an existential crisis why can't I say that word why else is she suddenly running into past and future versions of herself as she skipped schools who wanted the urban ruins of Philadelphia or maybe she's finally waking up to the tornado that is her family the tornado that six years ago sent her once beloved older brother flying across the country for a reason she can't quite recall. After decades of staying together for the kids and building a family on a foundation of lies and domestic violence Sarah's parents have reached the end as Sarah herself often observes nothing about her pain is remotely original and yet it still hurts. I will leave a link to that one down in its Goodreads description. I will leave a link to that one below the Goodreads link shall be there why can't I speak I will leave the Goodreads link down in the description below for that book. The thing that I got to show you guys is the Accordemings Everyone book box. I have already opened this because um I really I couldn't wait as soon as it came in I was at work and I was like yeah I'm gonna just I can't I can't I can't but there are so many good things in here you guys should be very very excited. So first up we have a candle from Cool & Co it's High Lady of the Night Court it smells freaking fantastic. I actually counted out how many bookmarks I owned yesterday and there was 167 bookmarks and now I have four more to add to my collection just from this box really beautiful artwork which has the quote I am yours and you are mine with a silhouette of Pharah and Reese and one of my all-time favorite things is ribbon bookmarks and this one has wings on it and it's just really really nice and in green oh next up we have a sticker of Reese and his kitty kitty cat look at how adorable that is I wish that I had a sticker wall maybe I need to do a sticker wall next up we have a big badge with the quote on it one life may change the world my laugh will change the world and to carry all the great things that were inside of this box you got a tote bag and on it it says to the stars who listen and the dreams that answered yeah I should know that quote yeah I should know it you guys would have heard of charlie bowwater who does some of the most fantastic artworks out there and this is a small poster of her favorite and rice sand drawing and it's like literally one of my all-time favorite pictures from any fandom it's so stunning and it just has the characters down to a T and it's just really really great and now for the actual books I have a another paperback version of a court of wings and drawn by Sarah J Maas this is going to be the one that goes in the shelf that doesn't get destroyed because I have like really dirty hands half the time and I like to fold my pages and lastly we have the absolutely stunning and beautiful edition of a court of wings and a ruin in the hardcover and it's just so pretty the colors the detail everything it's going to look so so stunning on my shelf with all of its other family members thank you to the way a chronic closer point to get another fantastic box you guys have truly surprised me and I have so many goodies right now I'm so excited so I might have broken my book buying ban bulb so you guys have it I guess I might be doing regular book holes again I don't know I'm still gonna try not to buy as many books as I usually do because money is apparently a thing it's like wow being an adult and having to buy things with responsibilities it's ridiculous so there you guys have my second book hole slash unboxing slash publishers being nice to me thank you guys for watching hopefully I'll see you guys again soon until then have a lovely bookish day bye


Short statement on open science based on some buck of napkin calculations There are roughly seven billion people in the world out of which roughly one billion speaks English as a first or foreign language Depending how we count estimates vary There are seven to seventy million scientists in the world and their dominant language of communication is also English Comparable Arias look like this These scientists produce lots of research outputs which they can keep for themselves as they do so far or they can share These outputs with the rest of the world Non-scientists can read these outputs to simply make better informed decisions But also they can read and reuse for example in teaching or in business Or they can read and contribute back for example in citizen science projects There's no point to keep our work available to a small fraction of world's population if potential is much bigger Please support open science


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Up next, we have Tom Hardwick on how journals should handle scientific criticism. Okay, hi everybody. So, we now know from a pretty substantial body of matter research that poor quality studies frequently survive the peer review process and make it into the published literature. And this highlights an important role for scientific criticism after research has been published, which I'll call post-publication critique. So, post-publication critique is useful because it can highlight errors, limitations, or alternative interpretations that might impact the claims that have been made in a published paper. And this makes it an important mechanism of scientific self-correction or what Robert Merton called organized skepticism. So currently, post-publication critique is fragmented across the scientific ecosystem. We have it in informal conversations between colleagues, the Q&A of academic presentations like this one, various social media outlets like Twitter and personal blog posts, dedicated commenting platforms like PubPia, and of course in letters to the editor and commentaries that are published in academic journals. And these different modes of discourse all have relative advantages and disadvantages in terms of their formality, their speed, persistence, and discoverability, the amount of oversight, and the career incentives that they offer. Today I'm just going to focus on the role of journals in handling post-publication critique. That's because I think journals are particularly interesting. They're a key leverage point in the scientific ecosystem that we can intervene on if we want to initiate positive changes. So there's also plenty of anecdotal evidence which suggests that journals often seem to stifle critique rather than encourage it. I often see tweets like this one. This example is from Marcus Creed. And he says, I submitted a commentary on a PNAS article published eight months ago, but the journal has refused to consider the commentary because more than six months have passed since the paper was published. Apparently major errors discovered after that time period do not need to be corrected. So prompted by anecdotal evidence like this, me and my colleagues decided to conduct a systematic investigation of post-publication critique. So the goal of the study was to describe how top-ranked journals across scientific disciplines handle post-publication critique. And we firstly examined journal policies. So what kind of formats of post-publication do they accept, if any? And what limitations do they impose on those formats in terms of length or time to submit? We then looked at how often journals that accept post-publication critique in principle actually publish them in practice. So in the interests of tractability, we used a particular operational definition of post-publication critique, which was any journal-based avenue for sharing peer-initiated critical discourse related to specific research articles previously published in the same journal. So a prototypical example of this would be a letter to the editor, but we also found other relevant formats that met this definition like longer commentary articles and also online web comments. So we aimed for a sample of journals that spanned the full breadth of scientific inquiry. So we relied on a Web of Science schema that divides science into 22 high-level disciplines and we looked at the top 15 journals ranked by impact factor in each of these disciplines. That's a total of 330 journals. And to summarise the methods in brief to assess journal policy, we extracted information from journal websites to assess the prevalence of post-publication critique. We checked a random sample of 10 research articles that had been published in each of the journals that accepted post-publication critique in principles. That was 2,066 articles in total. And the extraction and classification was all performed in duplicate with disagreements resolved through discussion and a third team member arbitrating if necessary. So as to the question of how many journals actually have a format for submitting post-publication critique, 123 journals, that's 37% of those that we examined, didn't have any option for post-publication critique. And of the 207 journals that did have such a format, most of those were letters, then commentaries and then web comments. You can see that there was considerable variation across disciplines. So most notably, journals that offered post-publication critique were most common in the health-related and biomedical domains, especially clinical medicine where all of the 15 journals that we examined offered some form of post-publication critique. So when journals did have a post-publication critique format, they often imposed limits on the length of those submissions. So this graph is showing that 82 of the critique formats didn't say if there were length limits or not. Five of them stated length limits in a qualitative manner, for example, saying that they needed to be short. And then 162 of those critique formats had a specific quantitative length limit. And this larger graph is a histogram and a box plot showing those quantitative length limits. So the median limit was a thousand words. The strictest limits that we encountered were 175 words for letters at the New England Journal of Medicine, 200 words for letters at the Journal of Neurology, and 250 words for letters at the Lancet. Some journals also imposed limits on the time allowed to submit since publication of the target article. So this graph is showing that 162 critique formats didn't say if there were time limits or not. 31 stated time limits in a qualitative manner, for example, saying that they had to be about recently published articles. And 49 critiques had a quantitative time limit. So again, the larger graph here is a histogram and a box plot showing those quantitative time limits. The median limit was just under three months. The strictest limits that we encountered were two weeks at the Lancet and three weeks at the New England Journal of Medicine. So that's the question of how prevalent is post-publication critique. Of the random sample of 2,066 research articles, we found 39 that were linked to at least one post-publication critique. So that's a prevalent estimate of 1.9% overall. Again, there was variation across disciplines, as you can see from the graph there, which is showing the prevalence for each individual discipline. Clinical medicine published the most by far. 13% of the research articles we examined in that domain were linked to a post-publication critique. In 15 of the disciplines that we looked at, none of the research articles we examined were linked to a post-publication critique. So in summary, a considerable number of journals did not have any format for submitting a post-publication critique. Those that did often imposed length and time limits, some of which were very strict. Publication of post-publication critique was rare in most disciplines, and there was considerable variation across disciplines. Notably, medical journals had the most active culture of post-publication critique. However, they also imposed the strictest limits. Our data don't speak to why journals are imposing such restrictions on post-publication critique, but it's likely that there are competing interests between what seems to be best for journals and what seems to be best for science. It's unclear if there are principled justifications for not providing any avenue for post-publication critique or for imposing strict limits on length and time to submit. In our view, length restrictions arbitrarily limit the scope and the substance of post-publication critique. There's very little that you can say in a few hundred words. And then time to submit limits seemed especially problematic, because of course an important criticism could arise at any time. Douglas Altman back in 2002, commenting on a similar finding in the field of medicine, said in effect there is a statute of limitations by which authors of articles in these journals are immune to disclosure of methodological weaknesses once some arbitrary short period has elapsed, which cannot be right. In conclusion, top-ranked journals often pose serious barriers to the cultivation, documentation, and dissemination of post-publication critique. I'd like to end just with a few tentative recommendations for journals, and they're tentative because although they're inspired by our data or our data don't speak to whether they would actually be easy to implement or effective in practice. So these are some ideas to pursue. The first recommendation is that journals should offer at least one option for submitting post-publication critique. They might consider using flexible length targets that can be adjusted on a case-by-case basis, rather than using strict universal limits. We don't think journals should impose any time limit on post-publication critique. Journals could also consider hiring independent post-publication editors to try and mitigate the conflict of interest they have when handling post-publication critique, and those editors could also help with the next two recommendations, which is to handle post-publication critique as quickly as possible, and also to publish yearly transparency reports, which could contain information about, for example, the number of critiques that have been submitted to the journal, the number that have been rejected, and the reasons for those rejections. So that's all from me. Thank you very much for your time. If you'd like to read more about the study, you can find the paper with the QR code or the DOI link there. Thanks to all the colleagues that are involved with this research. If you have any feedback or criticism, of course you can email. Thanks very much. Hello, Joel Chan from University of Maryland. I'm very curious if you saw any justification from the journals for the super-short time limits. I imagine they're not arbitrary, but I wouldn't be surprised if they were. I'm just curious what you saw. No. So I can speculate that I think journal editors maybe want to promote, I think they would say timely discourse of articles, but I don't see how imposing a limit on criticism really achieves that goal. So I think it would be good to hear from journal editors that have these policies, what they think, because I really don't know what the justification is for that. Hi, Dom Rush. I was wondering if you had looked into journals' links to PubPier, the PubPier platform, which has emerged as a really useful kind of medium for post-publication critique. And I've noticed that, at least in biology, there are some journals that will post how many comments have been put on PubPier. And would it be the case that some of the journals that really restrict the content that you can put in one of these publications allow you to at least include a link, for example, to something posted elsewhere, or would they even go the full length of advertising like PubPier comments on the article's webpage? So we didn't encounter any journals that were actively linking to PubPier. That could, of course, be one way of handling these critiques. I think to go back to very early in my talk where I was saying there are these different types and there's different advantages and disadvantages, there's an interesting question there of what's the ideal approach in terms of incentivizing critique? For example, we do see that PubPier tends to be, it seems, underused. I often see great critical comments on Twitter that no one ever goes to the lengths of putting on PubPier. Perhaps they could get a publication in the journal with the criticism. That would be more of an incentive, so there's some interesting questions to ask there. But we didn't directly look at PubPier in this study, but that would be definitely interesting to follow up on. Thanks. One more, very quickly. I'm curious as to whether you have sent the journals that were in your sample report cards showing their results and detailing your recommendations so that you could do a follow-up study in about five years? We have not, but that sounds like a really good idea. Would you like to send those emails, Tracy? Maybe with a public dashboard, just saying. Yeah, I think that's a really interesting approach and actually thanks to your work, Tracy, and those of others. I think just in general about my work, I've been thinking more about how do we move beyond just publishing a paper showing that there are potential problems in a particular area and how do we make that bridge to actually changing policy? So yeah, I appreciate that, so that's a good idea. Thanks. Great.


Actually, I think it's better Being older and having a kid. I appreciate it more. Mm-hmm. Yeah, kid babies are awesome. They are pretty awesome. They're awesome. Yeah, I mean also, I've spent a lot of time on AI and neural nets and so you can sort of see Then kind of the brain develop which is you know an AI neural neural net is trying to simulate what a brain does basically and you can sort of see the It learning very quickly.  What are you gonna do? Attack vector meaning like people target it. Yeah, interesting. Yeah like I have a bunch of houses, but I don't spend a lot of time in most of them and That doesn't seem like a good use of assets like somebody could probably be enjoying those houses and get better use of them than me You know this I started having like some privacy issues where like people would like let's people just like come to my house and You know Start climbing over the walls and stuff like man For sure in recent like your years billionaire has become a per jar. You like it's in it per jar. It's like it's like That's a bad thing Which I think don't doesn't make a lot a lot of sense in most cases if you if you've done if you basically Organized a company like so like how does this wealth arise? It's if you organize People in a in a better way to produce products and services that are better than what existed before and you have Some ownership in that company then that that essentially gives you the right to allocate more capital So it is it's there's a conflation of consumption and capital allocation I do think they're in the in the United States, especially there's an overallocation of talent in finance and law Basically too many smart people go into finance and law So You know, this is both a compliment and a criticism We should have of I think fewer people During law and fewer people doing finance and more people making stuff and and you know manufacturing used to be highly valued in The United States and these days. It's not it's it's often looked down upon which I think is wrong It doesn't really make sense for me to spend time Designing and building a house and I'd be real you know Get out like OCD on the little details and the design and Or should I be allocating that time to getting us to Mars? I should probably do the ladder so You know like what's more important Mars or a house? I like Mars. Okay, but that it could in principle fix almost anything that is wrong with the brain and it could restore limb functionality so if you've got Interface into the motor cortex and then an implant that's say That's like a microcontroller And near muscle groups you could then create a neural shunt that restores Somebody who is a quadriplegic to full functionality Like they can walk around be normal Whoa We're already Part your partly a cyborg Or an AI symbiote essentially it's just that the data rate to the electronics is slow It's especially output like you're just going with your thumbs What what's your data rate made? Optimistically a hundred bits per second.  I'm not sure what would happen to language You could probably with a situation like this that you would be able to just if we are kind of like the matrix You want to speak in a foreign language no problem, right? That's why it was to download the program But yeah, I mean you you could save state And restore that state into a biological being if you if you wanted to in the future in principle There's like nothing like from a physics standpoint that prevents us Recall everything they're just like it's a movie because it's including all the entire sensory experience emotions everything everything everything and Play it back Right now here's the thing you are a brain in a van then that vat is your skull Yes, and everything you see feel here Everything all your senses are electrical signals everything everything so you can think of the This is being like that the computer the AI is it is like a a third layer a tertiary layer So that is like that could be symbiotic with the cortex it would be much smarter than the cortex But you essentially have three layers And you actually have that right now your phone is capable of things and your computer is capable of things that your brain is definitely not you know storing your terabytes of information perfectly doing Incredible calculations that you know we couldn't even come close to doing you have that with your computer It's just like I said the data rate is slow. Yeah, the connection is weak And yet here's another sort of interesting idea which is because you say like where did consciousness arise? Well, assuming you believe the belief in physics, which appears to be true then you know we the universe started off as basically quarks and leptons and you quickly became hydrogen and Helium lithium like basically elements the periodic table a bit of like mostly hydrogen basically and Then over a long period of time 13.8 billion years later that hydrogen became sentient Well, I hope consciousness propagates into the future and gets more sophisticated and complex and and that it understands the Questions to ask about the universe At these sort of like the the means fear There's not enough isolation between countries or regions. It's like if you get up if there's a mind virus That that mind virus cannot infect too much of the world You know, I'm like I actually Sort of sympathize with the anti-globalization people because it's like man We don't ever want to ever where it'll be the same for sure And then we we need some kind of like mind viral immunity What are we gonna be like when 20 25 years from now? What are we gonna be? Well, assuming civilization is still around It's looking fragile right now. I Might I think the the the the mortality rate is is much less than what is Then what say the World Health Organization said it was it's very much much less It's like probably least order of magnitude less you can look at the mortality statistics You know by age and whether they have comorbidities like do they have like basically existing conditions, you know If you're below 60 and and have no serious health issues the probability of death is extremely low It's not zero, but it's extremely low Most of the hospitals in the United States right now are half empty In some cases, they're at 30% capacity. I mean objectively the mortality is is much lower like At least a factor of 10 maybe a factor of 50 lower than initially thought Let's let's clear up the data clear up the data There will be some amounts of lining here no matter what Hopefully more because of lining been less. Yeah It's like kind of like a practice run for something to have that that had a potential that might in the future have a serious like a really high mortality rate and we Kind of got to go through this with without without it being something that kills, you know vast numbers of Young healthy people. Yeah In general, I think that's like we should be concerned about Anything that's a massive infringement on a civil civil liberties. Yes, you know So it's like that you got to put a lot of weight on that a lot of people died to You know when in abundance with the country and fight for the democracy that we have and We should treasure that and not and not give up our liberties too easily. I think we've been I think we probably did that actually Fundamentally a violation of the Constitution. Yes freedom of assembly and yeah, these these are these were definitely not stand up you know with the Supreme Court here, I mean it's obviously complete violation, right? Yeah. Yeah, you know wait a civil civil liberties fit in this picture, you know Yeah, and what what what can the government make you do what can they make you not do and what you know, what's what's okay, right? Yeah, you can't take it personally.   They don't even know you right. Yeah, yeah So just think of it like that like that firing bullets, whatever But then I don't know you so don't take personally If like what do you think's the the best source of just like information out there? That's a good question you know like let's say you're just like average citizen trying to just get the facts, you know figure out what's going on like, you know how to live your life and You know just looking for what what's going on in the world that it's hard to find something that that isn't Yeah, that's that that's good. Yeah, you know That you know not not not trying to push some partisan angle not trying to not not sort of drink sloppy reporting And and just aim it for the most number of clicks and trying to maximize add dollars and that kind of thing Yeah, you're just trying to figure out what's going on. It's like I'm hard-pressed as Where do you go? Yeah, I think like maybe just trying to find individual reporters that you think are good and yeah kind of following them as opposed to the publication


Okay, hi. Welcome to my presentation on IndyCert. I had a bit of a cold in the last couple of days, so maybe I'll sniff a bit once in a while. I'm sorry for that. So, a little bit about me. I worked professionally on SAML Identity Federation, so I do know something about federated identity protocols and how to authenticate in decentralized ways. I wrote an OAuth 2 server and client and I started working on IndyCert after finding out about IndyAuth. Does anyone here know anything about SAML or OAuth or is it all new to all of you? Anyone ever heard of OAuth 2.0? Okay, three people, four. Okay, interesting. I'll try to explain more details and if you cannot follow, just ask a question or interrupt me and then I can maybe explain this particular ID better or differently. So, IndyCert is based on the idea of IndyAuth and IndyAuth is a decentralized authentication mechanism where you do not need a central service like Facebook. Many sites use Facebook Connect to authenticate users, but in this case it will be much better or at least I think it's much better to use a decentralized mechanism where the user is in control of their authentication. And what is new about IndyCert compared to IndyAuth is the use of client certificates, which has been available for many, many years basically since the introduction of the browser, but almost no one uses it. And that's a shame because it's really interesting technology and also quite secure once if you implement it correctly that is. So, a little bit about IndyWeb and why I'm building this actually. The idea of the IndyWeb is that every user has their own homepage with an SSL certificate preferably, so you run your own domain and you have your own hosting arranged. So you're in control, you're not depending on other people or big corporations to give you a webpage or a blog. So that's basically the principles of the IndyWeb. There's a wiki dedicated to this kind of technology and it's an IndyWebCamp website, the link is there. And then the one particular interesting thing about this IndyWeb is that there's a decentralized way to authenticate. Basically, you use your domain name as an identifier to log into various services around the internet. So that gives you the option to use the same identifier everywhere in all the services. And it also gives you the option to have one method of logging in. So as a website that wants to support IndyWeb, you would implement a protocol and then it will be up to the user to decide who they will trust for their authentication. So for logging into this particular website. So in addition to Facebook you can have GitHub or Twitter while the site that wants to authenticate the user doesn't have to implement all those protocols directly themselves. So how does it look like for the user? It's basically this, you just type in your domain name at relying party or client that wants to authenticate you. And then the IndyAuth client and service will take care of the rest. So you can use your domain name basically as an identity across the web. I'll go into a little bit more detail now as to how this works. On your homepage you will just put a number of different authentication sources that you trust to authenticate your domain basically. So initially IndyAuth supported a number of different mechanisms for example GitHub or Twitter. If you put this tag on your own homepage, IndyAuth will know that it can ask GitHub to authenticate and then verify that that account belongs to you. And in that way you will claim your own domain name then basically. So the relying party will know that you authenticated with this account so it must be your domain. So you can use it as an identity in the service. So that's what you do. You just mentioned the identities on your own homepage. Okay, so once you indicate the sources of your providers that can authenticate you, you can also indicate which service you trust to validate this identity information. So as a domain owner you can choose this. So here's two examples. One is using the IndyAuth service and the other one is the IndyAuth service where I will talk about in a second. One of the problems with IndyAuth is that you still depend on GitHub or Twitter or Facebook to log in although the mechanisms are interchangeable. So if Facebook decides to close your account you can still use Twitter or GitHub to claim the same domain name basically. And so the idea was to remove this liability of the dependency on third parties by using client certificates. And using client certificates would also get rid of using passwords at all for logging in which is also a nice benefit. But yeah, if you use a client certificate and this is a Firefox example you get really confusing screen and like what am I supposed to do and what is all this information here. So that's a bit of a usability problem right now. Luckily in Chrome or Chromium it's a little bit better but still it might be confusing to the user. Like should I press OK or not. So that's a usability issue with client certificates that has to be solved at some point. So if we would just ignore this and see look at the benefits of using this. The credentials are actually stored in the browser or in your operating system depending on your browser or operating system. You don't need to use passwords anywhere. The certificate is just available to your browser and can be used to authenticate everywhere. There's also no need in this kind of setup. There's no need to have a signed certificate or at least it can be self-signed. So you don't need to pay someone to verify your identity. It can just be any self-signed certificate. The only thing that's important is that you can prove that you own the key that belongs to the certificate or the private key that belongs to the certificate. Which is taken care of by TLS for free so you don't have to. What happened? That's weird. Anyone knows what's going on? It's back. OK so TLS takes care of the proof of private key. But if you install it in Firefox or in Chrome then you don't have it on your mobile device. So you would have to copy the certificate to your other devices or create new credentials. But because in the authors supports multiple authentication sources you can just put all fingerprints from the certificates from all the devices on your homepage for example. So every browser or every device gets its own certificate and thus it's own public key and you can all list those on your own homepage. So then InDesert can verify that you own this private key based on you putting it on your homepage. So you know they know it's you because you proved ownership of the private key. There will be a demo in a while so then it becomes a bit more clear hopefully. So on your homepage instead of mentioning GitHub you would mention something like this and the value here is the base 64 encoded fingerprint of the certificates. Now a little bit about the protocol. How does it work? See if the mouse works. Very unreliable. OK that's not really useful. Well the protocol starts at the relying party or the client that wants to authenticate the user. It will first fetch the homepage that the user provides in the box in a few slides back where you provide your domain. It will fetch the homepage and see what kind of authentication server you configure there. Then it will start the authentication by redirecting you to the service. Then that will check the certificate or ask for a certificate from your browser then verify that you have the private key. Then fetch your homepage again and see if the fingerprint is actually mentioned there. If that's done then authorization code is sent back to the relying party that then can be used to verify this code and confirm that you're actually locked in. So it would be really good to have the tools available to make this very simple so to create certificates and use them for this kind of purpose. But it's a bit too soon mostly due to the bad user interface and user experience. But at least it works. So for a couple of nerds it will be fine. Maybe if it's actually being used then it creates some incentives to improve the browser UI. Oops it goes away again. Okay maybe it's my laptop. So the benefits are that you don't need a password anymore. You do need your own website with an SSL certificate configured correctly which is surprisingly hard. And well if you have your own website then you're already any web member by default so there's no application process. Okay now it's time for a demo. Maybe some of you would like to follow along so you can go to this website on your mobile device or laptop or anything. I'll try to do the same here to show how it works. Can you read it or doesn't really work great. So you would type in your domain name here and then it will redirect you to a page that says that you do not have a certificate installed. You don't have a client certificate available. And it shows you a link for the enroll process where you can generate a certificate and have it installed in your browser. You only need to press generate. And then Chromium in this case will say okay install the certificate. You can click here to try to authenticate using this certificate which will then show the pop-up screen that you can accept. Almost there. Now I need to put this certificate fingerprint on my own homepage so that because I typed in tux.net. These are fetched this homepage but I didn't find a certificate on there so it doesn't know yet if I actually own this domain. So if I put this on the homepage I don't show it now. Okay this is the HTML of my homepage. I can just add it like this. Save it. And now in the background I will push this to the web server. If the Wi-Fi wants to cooperate. Okay. I did that now. Okay. So I put this fragment on my homepage and if I press reload it should find it. Okay. So now it's asking if I want to give permission to the indyser.net webpage to verify my identity. Which is here. So I approve that. And then I'm logged in and this identity is now verified. Again log out. Then I'm back here. Because the process I'm now already enrolled. If I do this now it will immediately ask for the identity and then I can press approve and it is done. So that's only a one-time step. So for all services that support this now you will be immediately logged in basically after you approve it. Did anyone manage to follow along or does it work? Cool. Nice. Okay so there are a number of alternatives. Although maybe I can first ask if anyone has questions about the demo or wants to know a bit more about what they saw. And a usual problem there is that a browser somehow gets confused and you just get an HTTPS error message. And then you have to go into your Firefox setting and delete some security device to fix it. So it seems that this client certificate mechanism has some principal problems that a normal user won't be able to fix. Well that's one of the problems with the client certificate. The user interface and experience is pretty bad. Also if you don't approve the log in with the client certificate but you want to do it later you cannot. You have to restart your browser first. Which is not really great. I'll talk a little bit more about the problems with client certificates later. Any other questions on this particular part? Okay. Then I'll talk a little bit about alternatives that already existed before this. One of the most promising ones was IS WebID plus TLS. It's using a similar system. I'll talk a bit more about it in a second. Mozilla persona browser ID which works based on your email address instead of your domain name. And OpenID Connect which is very similar to indie auth. But it's a bit more of an enterprise-y standard nowadays. So it includes everything and the kitchen sink. But the kitchen sink. So WebID and TLS. So these are very similar and it would be a better final solution to this client authentication problem. But it's more work for people trying to implement it right now. So it would be the ideal end situation but right now it seems like any sort is in the middle way. So it's like halfway between username password and halfway towards WebID TLS. So it seems like it would be a good start to make a small step first and then maybe later go to WebID and TLS. Which seems most interesting long term. WebID TLS is not really compatible with anything currently deployed. So every relying party would have to implement everything. And most of them already implement some kind of OAuth interface to Facebook or Twitter. Which is almost identical to the one required for indie auth and indie cert. So in that sense it will be a lot easier to start using indie cert than WebID. Persona browser ID uses an email address or actually it's in verified email protocol. So the only thing the server knows is that you own this email address. It turns out that although a number of sites use it, it's quite difficult to make it decentralized. The protocol is quite difficult. Many of the implementations only support the Mozilla as the identity provider. So if you would actually implement it all yourself then it wouldn't really work anyway on a lot of relying parties. They would just go to Mozilla and ask Mozilla to verify your identity. Which is not really decentralized in any way. It also requires you to host some software on your domain. So it cannot be delegated to another party. Well it can be delegated to another party but then it involves lots of things that were never implemented or tested. It's probably not supported anyway. OpenID Connect is another solution that's quite similar. It started out as a good idea but it really quickly turned into a really complicated spec with many documents. It got a bit of a semel feel that's like many documents. All documenting how to do this and that but not really making anything must. So it still will open to interpretation by different vendors. So it will not really be interoperable anyway. And it will make it very complicated to implement it yourself. Oops, screen. Yeah, so OpenID seems super complex. OpenID Connect is super complex compared to indie auth and indie cert. So for just authentication it might be smart to not go this way. So in the auth and indie cert it's like very similar to OpenID Connect. But it just stripped out a lot of different optional parts basically. It's quite easy to run your own. It's also quite easy to delegate your authentication to a public server for example. You can switch your identity provider at any time. If you just change the link on your homepage you will use a different one. And yeah, the only disadvantage is that you will really need a TLS certificate on your own domain on homepage. Otherwise it's not going to be secure. So because it's based on OO2 which is a little bit broken. Although it's quite easy for server implementers to fix some of the flaws as shown by this blog post for example. Although even though it's already like five years old. Yeah, five, no not five, three. It's still not addressed or even acknowledged that there are some problems with the spec by the working group. So that's a bit of a problem. As for the user experience with client certificates there are a number of proposals. One decent one I found is browser auth. It's a website created by Google engineer. It states very clearly that it's not official Google initiative so no guarantees there. Yeah, so the number of items that were listed there is the better user experience which is quite obvious if you ever used client certificates privacy. If you use the same certificate on all relying parties then it will be quite easy to link the users together. Although that's not that different from using the same email address when you register at every site so in that sense it's not much worse. One of the problems was portability. So if you have a certificate on one device. You cannot really easily copy it to another device or maybe it's not even possible to extract it, the certificate. So you would need to have multiple ones. And another enterprise problem is that if you have a big data center you have some kind of TLS terminators. So then that would have some influence on the trust you would need to have on this TLS terminators. So a couple of initiatives by browser auth is to use origin bound certificates. So for every domain you want to log into you have your own, has a known certificate. So there's no need for user interface anymore to ask which certificate to use because there is only one per domain. And if it doesn't exist it would just be created on the fly. Another enhancement would be to bind it to session cookies. So you would use the, it doesn't work with any other certificates so if someone steals your cookie then they cannot use it because they don't have your certificate. There's another problem in, they try to solve this if you have a federation protocol so that you have some kind of identity provider with various relying parties. That you have to somehow convey the information that you actually own this key to a relying party. But because you're using all kinds of different keys for all different services it becomes a bit complicated. So they came up with a JavaScript API to solve this problem which seems a bit weird to me but okay. All right, that was it. Anyone have any more questions or remarks or ideas? Why this is a bad idea at all or maybe it's quite good or I should just stop it immediately or it can be very critical so. Don't be scared. So how does it work with smart cards if I want to keep my certificate on something at the Nitro key that was presented also here earlier. So does it work smooth or not? Well I haven't tested it yet but in theory it should if it can store client certificates. It will probably use some kind of PKC as 11 driver to interface with the USB card or stick then it might work. So there's no reason why it shouldn't actually but we interesting to try out at least. More questions? It maybe depends a bit on what you want. Do you just want just some sort of identity? This is the same guy as last time or do you really want proof that his name is first name, last name and so on. It maybe depends a bit on what you want whether it works or not. Yeah. Right. Yeah, yeah. In theory it would be possible to only use a certificate and not use a domain name. So you would have a surname only that could also work. Any more questions? Then there is going to be for people who are interested in this kind of stuff. There's any webcam in Dusseldorf on May 9th this year where people will be talking about in the Oath and hopefully in the cert if I'm there. So if you're interested in working on that or finding out more you can come there and register online. So that was it. Thank you.


Well, a couple hours later and a few hundred shots later as well. We're finally heading down some shots up here That's irresponsible Altitude that could really mess you up bus driver. Well, here we are. Wow It's so pretty Yeah, I don't care what Temperature the water is. I'm definitely definitely jumping in since people over there jumping in that leads me to believe that This is like somewhat not freezing. Oh Oh Not bad at all man. Not bad. Oh, here's the trick. What's the trick? We're gonna try to see if people let us on their boat and bring us to the island. Oh, dude That would be an awesome idea.  I don't know if they're rolling deep with like a dozen extra life vests. Yeah, I guess What do you think yes or no, what is the question? No, you can't have any the back story yes or no Yes, feeling optimistic. I like it. So we're talking about commandeering a big boat to get over to Yeah, basically so piney. Yeah, perhaps your senses are enhanced Yeah, definitely feel that way. Yes. It's the altitude because we're so high make sure nostrils Second time was maybe a little bit more shocking than the first but they're still fun. I'm gonna do it again. It's just Just wakes you up when you get in there. So if you do get a bus, you're gonna wrap it I'm gonna wrap it. I'm trying to find a sponsor for that. Nice, but I know I'll find one. Uh-huh sure. What color?  I don't know what I want to do and if I do yellow I'm gonna have so much stuff on it. It kind of covers the yellow. Yeah Yeah, it's such a You'd be like two-tone. Yeah, yeah, like at like the bottom color different. Yeah. Yeah Anyways, we're over here chit chatting about buses and whatnot. We're trying to get a group photo Sounds like somebody is flying That's not us That's not us. It seems like every single place we stop is an opportunity for a photo up Everybody's got all their favorite toys out talking to themselves talking to their best friends aka the right hand Yeah, you know what I'm talking about We gathered the gang we're trying to do a group photo if you guys didn't know if you guys see the photo Just know that probably took about a half an hour to line this thing up These tan lines are something else here. I mean it looks like It looks like somebody hit you with red But I mean you have a pretty good one too That's you got a pretty good one too Yeah, you get like yeah, you have like the hyper colors So as you can tell we're back at the house it is hot time car number two went to go to Everybody food Thank You car number two and yeah, we're just kind of hanging out just Enjoying everybody's company. It was scar because it won't it's all the healing that's been happening today. Oh Right Wait, I'm scared for this one, but I'm gonna sit down all right, well I'm gonna join the gang in the hot tub it is that special time of day Like losing things. Anyways, it's that special time of day Where? Jump in the hot Oh Ladies what's going on in the kitchen here? What we got got yams Nice So we decided to do dinner in we did dinner out All the way here, so I figured we would just hang out enjoy each other's company do a little Good old-fashioned barbecue here Got some chicken legs chicken thighs So they got some barbecue sauce too, huh? Yeah Well, what in America? Yeah, there we go Chicken more skewers more salad Sawyer with his red wine It looks like dinner is served Quite a bit of food. This is definitely a balanced meal. Oh another another thing it means right there There we go. I was a little worried that we wouldn't have enough food But here we have I think we've got we have plenty including Laura scooping up these beautiful yams right here Good job


Over the last week, somebody sent me over a photo of the very first foster freeze that I worked at. I worked at a foster freeze when I was, I guess I was 13. I don't think you can work in California until you were 13. You had to get a work permit, weird. I wasn't really looking for a job at 13, but we grew up pretty broke, my mom and I. And I went to Guitar Center and they had the Gene Simmons Axe Bass and they had the guitar.  But Kramer made him and had the metal Kramer headstock, remember that? That was kind of slit in the middle. Anyway, I saw the Axe bass and guitar and I wanted the guitar, which is ridiculous.


Hi, good morning and welcome to today's products and focus. Most global markets have rebounded strongly there on Friday late on in the session on On Friday most equities had a big surge right there US airstrikes taking hold Lots of markets really affected by the kind of change in sentiment The separatists in Russia feels like that conflict is maybe kind of coming to an end the Russians have pulled out from across the border The drills are over The kind of battle with the the Kurds and Isis and everything else I was just still raging but with the US and possibly the UK and France now getting involved as well That conflict could be getting contained oil being Protected supply lines not hit it's causing a lot of weakness and crude oil as well the US 30 approaching potential resistance at 65 98 that's the strategic level to look at today Most markets have edged higher But the US has been kind of flat since the start of this morning, so Be kind of interesting to see the next move there is obviously still pressure there But certainly the news isn't as negative as it had been So Nothing is more pronounced than the UK 100 really strong hammer formation This should be from a technical perspective of a very very bill of signal But we're already kind of drifting a little bit lower this morning based on this candle The potential support remains at 65 81 But obviously Europe Russian sanctions and everything else is a little bit harder hit than the US market Which isn't so it's tenuous So looking at Japan 225 has been like a yo-yo as well Looking at Friday's session as she was down 3% at one point on Friday that big reversal We saw in dollar yen Really and obviously just a general equity rally that we saw there on Friday pushed it right above 4977 This is very unusual pattern to see on here and again today We've been we had a complete reversal right back down to that broken Resistance now acting as support and right back up again So looks to be at 14977 is in fact a particularly important strategic level for Japan 225 and Today's candle should be quite interesting. So moving on to dollar yen as ever You can see the kind of the the moves not so The prevalent on dollar yen as it has been on Japan 225, but similar similar Chart pattern strong hammer formation right there quite close to one-on-one spot 35. We're out We are in the middle of two ranges right now. So it's kind of twisting in the wind a little bit a lot of the effects that the US dollar has been kind of wrestling control a little bit double yen cable via prime example of that But we are in the middle of two ranges right now So it's not a huge amount of economic data due out for the next couple sessions You can see that today is the 11th. There's not really much happening today We go far on to the on to the 12th Which is a Tuesday and even then we've got the ZDW business report and euros on that set and then Wednesday You've got you know some UK data some retail sales and then the current on tary So it's not a huge amount of economic data due out. It's going to be kind of pushing these markets forward So look at the wider geopolitical fundamentals and technicals as well. So looking at Kurdal West Texas Pressure remains 9764 is a potential support breaking close below that opens up $95 and then you've got a gold Complete reverse course there on Friday as well. She has shame because look at it was looking so So positive But you know we had this complete reversal right now. We're still above the 21 period of SMA Next potential support remains at 1295 that level is really important if gold is going to continue any upward trajectory We're a little bit away from there just now so there's quite a lot of wiggle room Which also coincides with the 55 period SMA longer-term potential resistance remains at 1332 But we're a bit away from there right now Moving on to your dollar your dollar had a bit of a spike there on Friday pressure again today Potential resistance story means one spot 34 55 we're a little bit away from there right now Technicals are oversold There are buying signals potential buying signals on here, but we might have already nailed that on Friday Still seems to be a lot of downwards pressure on your dollar considering all the fundamentals We talk we talk a lot about during these sessions the fundamentals are probably more Dollar positive than Euro positive, but the ZDW business report tomorrow will be a big driver We finish up with cable. I buried negative session there on Friday a very limit of bounce this morning Looks to be one spot six to seven forty four could be the potential Support and that level Must be from quite a while away I felt let me go into my weekly interval to see that you can see it was the high from April 2011 That's why I've still got it in there just now So that will be a strategic level to watch out on GBP USD But we are in the middle of a range right now keep you on the chart forum I can actually see there's a client here who's posting a lot of analysis on there Which is great and make sure until it says part of your layout join me again tomorrow to find out what happened next


So with season one here season of the malignant everybody has started fresh this means guys that we are going into this season as basically brand new players brand new characters and many many things have changed in regards to xp how it's earned how much you earn this and the other today guys i bring you five incredible spots for earning xp early game which will work for every kind of player how's it going guys my name is dpj and if you do enjoy the video leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more be sure to subscribe so some of these xp spots will be known to some not known to others i've tried and tested each and every one and i'm pretty certain early on guys for a one to a level 50 these are by far the best xp farms this game has to offer now we also understand we're basically on brand new characters here with rubbish gear trying to level up trying to earn the xp things like dungeons and harder dungeons are going to be pretty hard for you to run especially as a solo player today guys like i said i bring you some great great spots dungeons included but much much easier dungeons than you probably expect uh like again i've tried and tested these on a brand new character my rogue never used rogue before my characters all over the place but even still i can run these things super super fast super super efficient but we'll leave the dungeons until last because i know you guys may have tried some early on already and you may be struggling a little but hey that doesn't matter okay so the first one i'm going to showcase to you guys is this one right here so if you come down to this area here guys this pvp area and i wouldn't worry about i've been down here for about an hour my mates have two uh haven't come across one person uh trying to take out other players it's literally everybody doing the same thing and that is slaying the massive amounts of enemies that are down here these will give you great loot they'll give you great xp gold you name it guys you get it from down here this isn't the fastest by far this is not the fastest as an early level player but it is super super efficient if you're in a team it's even quicker uh but it can i was doing it solo for the most part and it was so so easy i got i think like two or three levels in a little under seven minutes and i mean that's quite good going if you ask me now do i release down here too again uh some harder hitting enemies some bosses they may need help with in regards to other players in the area but it seems as though within these early days of season one a lot of people down here are doing the same thing they're farming these enemies for their easy xp and ranking through those levels so yes guys come down to this denser waypoint make your way down here just run around this area guys farming that xp it really is that simple again you'll get loot as well which is all important in regards to you surviving and doing those dungeons and other things that you will experience as you level up so yeah do what you gotta do guys and come down here now another spot which is absolutely amazing and it's a place i've covered quite a few times and it's this event here there's an event that's on a loop here that's here for me eight or nine times out of ten it's always here now i've tried and tested this again season one it works just as good so you want to come to the zood away point you can see this in dry steps right here guys so you want to come here and make your way down here again i've covered this before you probably know about this already but if you don't i'll explain it when you come to this area guys there is like i said eight or nine times out of ten there's an event going on here the event is so easy to do normally it's probably just rescuing prisoners taking out certain objectives but it's so so quick you do that you're killing the lead you kill a boss you get a church you get those obuls you get that gold you get that loot and you earn xp again you'll earn xp for doing the enemies killing the enemies in the area too and then when you once you're done with the event you simply just press down on your d-pad if you're on console and you'll fast travel back to your nearest town then guys once you're at your nearest town step back through that teleporter and when you get here again eight times out of ten there will be an event ongoing here or just about to start so you can just repeat this over and over with this is where you get those obuls those obuls can be spent at the uh the gamblers and earn that specific loot if you're after that or if you just want to spam out buying any loot and earn that gold you can do that too but this is a great great spot for loot moss you get xp for this don't get it twisted it isn't as good as the pve area down here but it's definitely definitely great you still earn great xp for this so yes take advantage of this guys and do what you gotta do now there are three dungeons i have tried and tested they're absolutely incredible for xp but are also easy to run as a solo player now again all of these are great as solo player for solo players but are better if you're in a team there's no to which way it's about that if you're in a team it's just going to be more efficient you'll earn it more xp because you're in a team but hey so the three dungeons the first we're going to start with the also classic blind barrels now this is probably the easiest one of the three because the enemies in here just don't really hit that hard it's full of spiders it can run this pretty quick too so it's super super efficient you get a ton of loot from this one i wouldn't say it's the best xp farm i'll showcase to you today but it is pretty good so just come here guys run this i mean if you want to go run up to the bus or take out the bus the bus is the hardest part of this the bus is literally the hardest part of this again we are early new players to season one your gear yet you ain't got an end game build at the minute so it's going to take you a lot longer than it would normally which is just fair enough you got to keep that in mind too and taking on a bus the bus and here's annoying as heck it's dropping up poison all over the floor you're running around in circles most of the time but hey run it up until the bus take out the bus if you're in a team take out the bus earn more xp just rinse and repeat this one it really is great the blind barrels is still one of the best dungeons in the game to farm for xp it's not changed with season one another one which is absolutely great in my opinion i've covered this over the past couple weeks so if you come to your overshad right here and you want to make your way up to this dungeon up here mercies reach now mercies reach is actually a quite a short dungeon i mean i never really ran it up to the very the end bus but if you do it's still short but there's plenty of elites in here so once you come to this place you're coming you'll you'll see multiple groups of enemies take them all out and you'll see quite a few elites too take them out the next objective is to basically grab two items for the pedestals there's going to be two rooms that are going to be full of enemies you run to these rooms guys take out all of these adds there's so much xp to be earned from this one and because you can do pretty quickly it's super super efficient in that way again do what you gotta do clear out these two rooms grab those items for the pedestal and make your way further down and just go on to the boss and take the boss in this one it's pretty easy too i mean he's got like a a fat health bar his health it's quite tanky let's not lie there but his attacks he's got nothing that really does any damage to you he's nowhere near as bad as the blind burrows boss so yeah it's just an easy easy dungeon to run and farm so do what you gotta do there guys now the best dungeon for me and the quickest and the most xp and the most loot you'll get is definitely guys orders cave now orders cave is a well-known popular dungeon but it's so so easy to run the hardest part about this is those beasts i mean but even they drop pretty easily i mean just like i said we are low levels um i think i actually expected to struggle going into this one because the amount of ads out in this but it's so easy it's so easy on my rogue he's got a poor build i don't know what i'm doing my loose all over the place my gears all over the place and it's still super super easy now orders cave as you can see right here on the map guys the closest waypoints i have there's one here that happened was actually two here haven't unlocked yet but um this main one you should have unlocked already so come from here and just come up to it once you're in here guys you can just go ahead and farm this thing and the first section of this you need to destroy three barriers i do believe and the second part there is just a kill all there's no boss in here which is even well efficiency wise it's much much better so you just come to the kill all area after you've destroyed the three uh barrier your barrier is barricade same thing yeah after you've done that you come to a kill all area there's plenty of elites loads of grouped up enemies the area is quite small it's like two circles pin next to each other just run around in those circles take out those enemies and do what you gotta do guys it is a great great great dungeon for xp it's probably the best in the game i ain't on pc i can't calculate it but odds are in my opinion it's probably gotta be top two or three in the game for xp if you do anything i co-op it's gonna be even quicker now if you don't know how to farm dungeons in this game it's simple you run the dungeon you then leave the dungeon create out your game load back up vince repeat that's if you're a solo player if you're playing in a party if you're playing in a team all you do is run the dungeon guys the host of that party simply leaves the dungeon via the social menu he will then teleport to be an outsider that dungeon door he then guys invites you back into his team then you simply re-enter the dungeon and all enemies will have reset they can do do that all that and all that and all that again and it's as simple as that guys but yes they are great great methods in earning xp as a new player to well i say a new player to the game as a freshly created character to the game a lot of people already know about these methods no too which way to battle it someone forgot about these but again if you're playing you're playing season one if create a new character a character you've never played on before you probably feel like you're just a soul squishy you don't know what you're doing but each and every one of these methods of showcase to you today guys will earn new xp solo team do what you gotta do people guys if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out if any more xp farms are found or i'm told about i'll be sure to let you guys know but as of right now these are probably some of the best you're gonna get especially getting to that level 50 from a level one guys again if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out do you feel like what you see i want to see more diablo 4 be sure to subscribe and hopefully guys i will see you on that next one


I'm with the one and only Stanley on Monday. Hi, Stan. Hi, how are you? I'm good. You look amazing. You too. You also look nice. So you guys, I know you know Stanley. Stanley is a Nikuita content creator. Entertainer.  And specifically, you're doing video editing, right? Yes, cinematography specifically. So today we are celebrating multi-choice. There are launching two programs. And most 90% of the content we are multi-choicing are local content. What's your view on that? It's good to support local content, number one, because charity begins at home. So from within Dutineza, we go international. To support our own content and local content, international ideas to figure out compared to traffic. How come? And for you, Stan, can you say that you've really grown as a video editor or a stack of content entertainer? You know exactly what you do, especially up on production. How has it been lately? Bado, bado, bado. I'm on the rising curve. You've not yet seen the potential to what I can do. Bado, I'm just on. But I'm glad I'm an appender. And with the time, maybe like two, three months, I'll unleash it fully in Taion. I think no one has ever done what I'm planning to do. So squeeze one of our content to one man? Yeah, yeah, yeah. One man, one man Belia Scream. Belia Scream. And production? Production, bado, ni mimi, but there are some people you have to consult to go and build it up. Alright, so getting right into it, let's move on to the spot, Stanley Omondi. We knew you from way, way, way back when you were working as a team. And for you, when that decision was reached to a point to bear that you're going your separate ways, like, do you find that kuna, some part of you meza kwa unleash uki wa peke ako? No man is an island, but for an island to be an island, lazimai kwee meza rawendi wa na maajisinda. Yes, meza kwa, nimanlish some things nikiwa alone, but umoja ni ngovu, tengana ni wudhaifu. So you still have to have somebody, someone, munya na kuchalengi apa na pale, munya na nashiyana ideas one and two. Yeah, you have to. As much as niko solo ni me move yes, na move some things, moving mountains, but still lazimai kwa nge na, either one or two people ni wuna consult. For you, juna jo content ni meza kwa ngori kwa ngu, but maybe kwa kwa kwa ingi, na ibambi to that extent. So lazimai kwa pigi eka idea, flan ni niwa na if you're relating to it and then I'll be like nice, yosa psychofiti. Ama there's something called brainstorming. Ya. Niki brainstorm solo, maybe I get kwa ngu. Nawe idea kwa ni wu neza ni wu ngeza apa na ni wu neza kwa bia. Ya. So ya, nikiwa solo ni manlish witu mingi, but still ni kwa na watu na waku na behind the scenes. And many would want to know, what's your relationship with Kena right now? Kena and idiote and the whole group. Another thing that I believe is true friends, in fact best friends will grow separately without growing apart. Aha. Ume tu pigachenga wewe? Achi umesema, true friends? True friends, specifically best friends will grow separately without growing apart. It might not be like we are talking every time. We might even not talk today, tomorrow, next week, a month, but anytime tungia, it will be like we just talked yesterday or maybe an hour ago. Alright guys, we're speaking to Stanley Omondi, so I'm going to release him I'm going to go when you're sure. Thank you so much Stan for talking to us.