Thank you, overlords. Thank you for saving my life. I am not capable to eat a steak. Alright guys, welcome back to the channel. If you're new, my name is Bobby guys. Today we're gonna check out Emily Lee vegan what I eat in a day for weight gain. That is interesting. Usually vegans always want to lose weight. Let's have a look. Good morning. I am doing a vegan what I eat in a day video today and specifically this is going to be for weight gain. So I'm gonna be eating a lot of calories or at least trying to and I'll explain that a little bit further into the video. But yeah, I start every single morning with a huge glass of water and recent mornings I've been starting off with a banana. I use this time to like read a book, say my positive affirmations for the day, just do my journaling and clean like this. So cringy. Why do vegans always start dancing when they eat something or when they put on their blenders? Anyways, that being said, starting your day with a banana is obviously not very calorie rich. If you want to gain weight, why don't you look into bodybuilding? So in bodybuilding, you would have a complete breakfast or first thing in the morning, you would have a protein shake. My point is you have no protein in this meal, just carbohydrates. You will run through the energy of that banana. It is not ideal for weight gain. Let's proceed. It's kind of just like my little pick me up in the morning and I really enjoy having this experience. You enjoy having the experience of eating a banana. This is also the time where I feed no key. If you haven't please don't feed the cat vegan. He's our new kitty. So I started doing this randomly like a couple weeks ago whenever we have bananas, which is usually very often, I just wake up and eat a banana and drink some water. Like this isn't my breakfast. This is my pre breakfast treat. And the only reason that I do this is to like get in a little bit more calories and usually when I wake up I'm really hungry.  When I wake up I'm not hungry at all. Most people that eat a highly nutritious animal based diet don't feel hunger in the morning. Many of those people even go so far to eat only one meal per day because animal foods are so nutritious. If you're a vegan you cannot do it. Take longer to prepare.  So you guys want to cook breakfast? Cool. So for today's breakfast I wanted to be super realistic. Sometimes I eat oatmeal. Sometimes I make an acai bowl. But today I just wanted a simple peanut butter jelly sandwich. Like it's a lazy day for me. I'm home today. I just wanted something easy. Super realistic. Super easy. At least you're honest. Most vegans eat like this. The vegans always praise the whole food plant based diet but nobody eats it. Nobody truly eats beans the daily doesn't on a daily basis because it leads to digestive upset.  You know this is my favorite jelly. I don't really have a particular reason as to why it's my favorite but it's the one I always buy. It comes in a glass container so that makes me feel good that I'm cutting down on at least one plastic thing and it's just really good. It has chunks of strawberries in it which I love. It's super natural and it's yummy. Then this is the peanut butter I'm using. Honestly like not my choice brand. It was the one that... Alright so obviously you do not need me to tell you that this is not healthy. However let me explain why that is because most vegans especially the vegans watching have no idea of nutrition. So the bread contains gluten. This stuff here contains only sugar. Nothing more and nothing less. And when you look at the peanut butter all you will find is efflotoxins and lectins. This is it. What will you get? No you're not getting equal amounts of protein vegans. Don't believe Instagram. With this amount of peanut butter you might get five grams of protein. This is it and on top of that all the undesirable anti-nutrients. Nathan bought my boyfriend so I'm just using it but it is vegan. I would prefer crunchy peanut butter but he likes smooth so that's the one that I have right now. I sometimes use bananas also in my sandwich but since I already ate one I wasn't feeling it and I'm just topping it off with hemp seeds for some even more added protein because peanut butter... Even more added protein. Guys don't lie to yourself. If you would put on a little bit of breakfast meat you will get at least 10 grams of protein. This here the whole thing has five grams of protein at best and on top of that it is not truly digestible. It is not bioavailable. You're not getting anything out of this meal. There has a lot of good protein in it. No it does not. Of course I have to cut it into triangles like like I still do that. You just have to do it's essential.  This video is actually sponsored by Rich World. Thank you guys so much for sponsoring. You know like we really all want to do the right thing to keep our bodies healthy but it's really hard to understand. But do you really though? Do you really if you would like to keep your body healthy why would you eat a nutritionally deficient diet? Come on please use your brain. It is so simple.  Why do you have to pop pills? Stand what you need and what essential nutrients we need on a daily basis and honest. Hey I have no idea which essential nutrients I need. I'm just going to let the supplement company decide for me. The ritual helps with all of that. There's no shady additives or ingredients that can do more harm to your body than good and you just take too easy. How do you know? There are no long term studies on supplements. All we know is that the supplement form of the vitamin can be found in the blood after ingesting. Yeah of course it will end up in the blood but the real question is how much do you absorb? What gets in your tissues? Answer is probably none of it. Get to take capsules every morning. So I have been taking ritual for like almost a month.  And again this is not a personal attack. It is just an observation. Your skin looks terrible. You can see that through all of this sugar your skin is suffering. Simple. Taking any before and like as a vegan that's not a good thing to do. So ritual kind of like gives me the confidence that I am getting the nutrients that I need including D3 vitamins and omega 3s. So they are vegan, allergen free, sugar free, gluten free and non-GMO which I feel like hits every mark for all the different dietary restrictions. So that's dietary restrictions. Guys I do understand allergies but what physical restrictions do you have for meat? The answer is none. There are no physical restrictions for meat. It is all psychological. You don't want to eat it. Nobody has a meat allergy. I know as a vegan there's a lot of things that I can't eat. So it is nice to know that my vitamins are vegan. It makes me feel really good and it just makes me feel really good that I'm getting the nutrients and vitamins that I need because that was kind of but how do you know just because they told you just because the label says it? How are you convinced that you will absorb it? I assume you're still pretty young right now. You can get away with it pretty soon.  It is just natural. Everybody will. Nobody can maintain this death diet. Best point for me in the past. So yeah, thank you so much to ritual for sponsoring this video and actually helping my life a lot by filling in any gaps in my diet. And yeah, I'm going to leave everything linked down below. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, overlords. Thank you for saving my life. I am not capable to eat a steak. Thank you. Damn much now. I've been reading this book and in it it was saying how you should treat your body like I don't know kind of like a temple like the goddess like something special in the book it said when you take your first bite you should really close your eyes and you should savor it and I have been trying to do that and honestly like it gives me like some how about you do a little prayer before your meal just as we do in Christianity. It is a great way to be humble and to thank the Lord for meat not for peanut butter sandwich kind of new appreciation for taking care of myself and understanding that there's so many like little deeper parts in me like my cells and my organs and like just so many things in there that depend on me to take care of it. What do those books really teach you if they will teach you anything they will teach you about the importance of animal foods and knowing that just gives me like as I said like a new appreciation like a new love for it I don't know like it makes me feel really excited to take care of myself now. I can't believe this man she's sitting there with a peanut butter jelly sandwich and says that she is taking care of herself I can't make this up. It was an interesting concept. So with the whole taking care of yourself thing I actually made a video about it already but talking about like my weight gain then weight loss and then trying to gain again in my shuttle with mental health regarding losing weight and basically I just What came first the mental illness or veganism? Uh Uber Cranech. I'm still waiting for any couple of creatures. People normally don't buy them and then they go in the trash but yeah normal human beings base their meals around meat. Still no nutrition here nothing let's see how this goes. Then I'm using this yellow squash I'm actually just using half of it because I just didn't want that much of it and I'm just cutting this into slices and then cutting them into smaller pieces. Snow peas I'm pretty sure or are these sugar snap peas I always mix it up a couple cloves of garlic which I'm just gonna where is the food prepare and dice up and actually my camera stopped recording for a lot of this so I basically put it all in a pan with some sesame oil some soy sauce some ginger and some turmeric ginger and turmeric are amazing healing spices and I really love cooking with them healing from water and then just some salt and pepper you know the basics then I'm gonna boil some udon noodles I'm actually making two servings because I am cooking for Mia Nathan because he came home early from work so made lunch for him too and I'm just listen don't get me wrong udon noodles are delicious I love the Japanese cuisine however in this combination you're not getting any nutrition this is just gluten this is just starchy carbohydrates and this here as well those are just fibrous starchy carbohydrates there is no nutrition in this meal do you understand this not only on a macro level you have no protein whatsoever but on a micro level you have no vitamin a you have no vitamin d you have no vitamin k2 you have nothing here no heme iron nothing no saturated fats plating it up you know putting some noodles in the bowl and then putting the vegetables on top not much I can say I love having a lot of vegetables and then like a carby element I'm sure you do it just gives you some more calories and just eating vegetables because sometimes I totally forgot you're eating this to gain weight again none of your meals up until now had protein this is my advice to you honestly you have no protein so therefore how do you want to build any new tissue your body is made out of proteins this is why only proteins and fats are essential but your meals they're pretty low fat your meals they do not have any saturated animal fat your meals don't have any building blocks your meals are simply carbohydrates this is not enough to gain healthy weight I just eat vegetables but it's nice to have a noodle this just looks so good and then I just mix it up to get like the vegetable sauce all over the noodles to make it be a blended party I'm really dying to try this oh my god no you're dying of nutritional deficiencies oh my god yeah sure it's so good oh my god start crying nobody believes you here thank you it's really good do it man eat up I hope you're not vegan bro it's good it's really good right yeah it's pretty good so I sat down to do some work and decided to eat some annie's fruit snacks just because I wanted a sweet treat and always dancing I really like them because I'm dancing and a little bit later I actually got some soy milk to drink just because I wanted to okay and now I'm sure you wanted to surely your body was craving soy milk young girl please listen to uncle Bobby this year is not a personal attack I want you to gain weight I want you to gain healthy weight I want you to be healthy overall all of that food has nothing in it the only reason why you crave anything milky is because your body craves k2 craves cholesterol craves animal hormones it wants the protein as a building block please stop lying to yourself time for dinner I'm gonna be making a rice bowl with a bunch of roasted vegetables on it I'm just putting some oil on a baking tray and putting okay let me give you one more tip for free I've been bodybuilding for 16 years basically I know a thing or two about weight gain if you want to gain healthy weight you obviously need a lot of calories a lot of calories means a lot of food but now you you're making it hard on yourself because you're eating calorically empty foods all of those foods have huge quantities because of the cellulose because of the fiber but they do not have a caloric density if you would really like to gain weight in a normal context replace the lean chicken with fatty meat why do we do this easy because we don't want to be stuffed in order to gain weight we have to eat more calories than we burn therefore we look for nutritionally and calorically dense foods something pretty small but with a lot of calories so we don't run around bloated and we can actually eat more but you go against it and you're eating those super low calorie foods like pumpkins onions and whatnot this is not the way to gain weight on some butternut squash a lot of onion we have some Idaho potatoes and some sweet potatoes you want to like get in there with your hands mix around the oil i'm adding some nutritional yeast some salt for cheese flavor as always some pepper and this italian seasoning mix and then once again you want to get in there and you want to make sure everything is coated you want to make sure there's seasoning on all sides there's oil on all sides i actually didn't put enough here so i would say if you're making this you should hit more than what i put leads to heart disease simple then i'm just putting it in the oven for maybe an hour or so like i just like for them to get a little bit crispy yep that will make it cancerous now i'm making my quinoa i've had this little microwave bowl rice cooker for like many many years so i'm using it because i still like it you just put the quinoa in there with some water and then i'm putting some oil some pepper some salt and a little bit of onion powder and then you just mix it up and put it in the microwave for about eight minutes and then you have quinoa dusty nookie was very friendly but was very scared of the oven okay now i'm plating up look at a smart i'm putting the quinoa first and nathan decided to come help and then putting some of the roasted vegetables on top some lettuce i really wish i had more of a leafy green like spinach or kale or something why do you wish it then you only wish that because you've been conditioned to believe that it is healthy spinach is super high in oxalas there's nothing healthy about it none of this stuff here is digestible by humans the reason why we eat it is to flush certain things through this is what you do with this but not for nutrition even carnivores like tigers or lions will occasionally eat some grass plants are medicine animal foods are food quintessential you just have to mix it up because it tastes better quintessential bloating okay time to try this is honestly one of my staple meals like i love a rice bowl close your eyes and visualize the goddess i really wish i had spinach yeah you want to try we ran out of barbecue sauce and i took all of it so you you don't really have any bro no way you want to eat that yeah i do okay nathan what are you eating in a day whatever i cook pretty much or some shitty ass fast food oh my god not to be fair i haven't been eating fast food as much wow i'm like really proud of you i did have mcdonald's fries today it's actually really sad if you look at what our society came to we have an abundance of food and those poor young people eat fast food stuff themselves with unhealthy stuff for what so maybe i'm lying i really wish we had more barbecue sauce like the candida tongue as well bro more barbecue sauce though i like the corn yeah more barbecue sauce the corn was a good touch right do you want to be in my outro no okay so yeah i'm gonna enjoy my dinner and i don't think so honestly i felt like i could have ate a little more today but my stomach kind of started hurting and i don't like to force myself to eat so i just tried to eat at my own pace you know this was the most calorie rich day or nutrient rich day listen the only reason why your stomach hurt is because you're eating so much fiber as i said if you want to gain weight you need calorically rich food it is very simple there is nothing much more to it but you are eating counterintuitive you're eating cabbage you're eating squash all of that food will bloat you then your belly will hurt and you're not able to eat more if you would sit down to some burger patties you would sit down to some whole milk some real cream something fatty you would be so much better off it would be so easy for you to gain weight please reclaim your health but i tried and that's what matters no that's not what matters really you like it this kind of tastes like a Taco Bell um crunch wrap but it's better Taco Bell crunch wraps are really good and you can make them vegan maybe i'll show that in another what i eat in the day that was a great compliment by the way you're lovely also another thing i drink like six glass of water every day so i didn't show it but i had a lot of water always drink water okay guys yeah so yeah i'm pretty sure that this is all i'm gonna eat today because i have been pretty full all right enough this is it for today super long video gonna cut it off here don't need to repeat myself you already know the drill absolutely no nutrition has been seen that given day this is not the way to gain healthy weight all right but this is for today if you like the video leave it a thumbs up if you haven't subscribed already guys please do so and if you want to support the channel all the links are in the description box below if you want raw grass fat liver but you cannot stand the taste grassland nutrition has the solution grassland nutrition takes grass fat organic beef liver raw and freeze dries it for you it is a convenient fantastic way to get the nutrition of liver without the taste we have amazon links for you you can head over there buy whatever you might want to buy and it doesn't cost you anything extra we get a small share that is a fantastic way to support bobby's perspective if you want grass fat beef deliver to your doorstep butcher boxes for you and we have cbd links as well on top of that guys consider supporting bobby's perspective through subscribe star or patreon we have a vip community there where we have skype group calls every single week where we can discuss any topic no matter if it is health lifestyle or nutrition related on top of that by joining you straight away receive your comprehensive nutrition guide it is an ebook that teaches you the basics of nutrition but goes beyond as well and is catering to your personal goals no matter if you're keto primal paleo or even raw all right but this is it for today thank you very much for your support guys and as always much love and peace


Do I even need to explain what an evil empire is? It's some sort of big, powerful country that probably likes to take over new territory and probably likes to violently oppress its subjects, of which the hero is one. They exist in just about every fantasy story out there, and a pretty substantial portion of science fiction ones too. And I have absolutely no problem with that. It's a fun trope with a lot of room for variation. It gives a sense of scale to the conflict, and allows the heroes to fight a variety of different foes who are all part of the same organization. There can even be some moral ambiguity if you're into that sort of thing. So it might surprise you to learn that the term empire is actually really loose. We use it pretty colloquially in common speech to describe polities that didn't refer to themselves as empires at all.  The official definition for empire is, an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, but that doesn't actually tell us much, so here are a couple of common characteristics of empires. One, they're ruled from a single authority, usually a monarch. Two, they contain a variety of different racial, ethnic, religious, and or linguistic groups. Three, one of those groups is in charge and usually has favored social and or legal status. That still leaves a lot of wiggle room to develop things though, and if you look at real empires from the Aztecs to the Romans to the Assyrians to the British, there's a lot of variation in the way empires were founded, governed, and in how they fell. So let's go over some of those aspects and see how we can work them into our fantastical settings. Part one, forms of control. The place where just about every writer screws up when making fictional evil empires is its political structure. For most, it's as simple as, do what the emperor says or you die. And while that was often true to an extent, it leaves out exactly how the emperor, and his empire for that matter, held onto their power. Do they control a particular resource or region that serves as a power base? Is the army loyal to them for religious reasons, or maybe just for money? Do the elites of the empire rely on the emperor's favor to keep their power?  And in that world, there really isn't a counter for dragons.  And if he isn't an absolute ruler, if he's somehow restricted by nobles or the citizens, then you should figure out exactly how that system works, and how it helps, and or hinders the empire as a whole. If the empire has a political system that remains stable, and all its neighbors are wracked by constant civil wars between rival claimants to the throne, then it would be able to conquer or exert influence over them without much trouble, just as an example. But then consider the issues of communication and transportation. A single despot might be able to rule a small nation with an iron fist, since news of any rebellion would reach him right away and he could mobilize his army and crush it fast. But in a much bigger nation, where a rebellion on the fringes could operate for months unmolested, that would be a harder system to maintain. A common solution to this was to split the empire into different provinces and let the local rulers have some level of autonomy. Maybe let the old nobility of your newly conquered territories keep control of their lands, but as vassals of the emperor. Or maybe give their lands over to some of your loyal followers. The Achaemenid Persian Empire is a great example of this. Achaemenid? Achaemenid? Acha... the Persians. There was a king that ruled the country and every province was governed by someone called a satrap. The satraps could keep things under control and handle smaller local problems, which allowed the king to turn his attention to bigger issues. And in this case the satraps were all appointed by the king and could be removed at his pleasure, meaning that he still retained control over them and they would do their best to stay on his good side. This system lasted over 200 years, only collapsing when it was conquered by Alexander the Great. All empires exist on a spectrum between totally centralized and totally decentralized. The Aztec Empire is one of the most decentralized ever. The core of the empire was made up of an alliance of three city states that, by working together, were able to dominate all of their neighbor cities one by one. But they didn't claim superiority over them really, they just forced them to pay tribute. Tribute is a payment made on a regular schedule in order to avoid being attacked. In this case it was mostly food, humans for sacrifice, and soldiers for their other wars of conquest, but it can take pretty much any form you want. Beyond paying tribute, the other cities could govern themselves pretty much however they wanted. What I'm saying is that there are a lot of different ways around this problem and a lot of different methods of control. Feel free to use your imagination. Now of course, the better the communication and transportation networks, the more centralized things can be. In the Stormlight Archive, Alathcar is a huge country, but they have devices called span reads which allow them to instantly send messages from place to place, meaning that the king can be aware of any problems and respond to them quickly. Whatever the technology level of your setting is, find out roughly how big the empire is, it doesn't have to be exact, just a rough estimate, then determine approximately how long it would take for three things to get from one end to the other, messages, trade, and armies. Messages should usually take the least amount of time and armies the longest, but that can vary depending on what sort of magic or technology you decide to put in. An absolute ruler sounds great on paper and can make for an intimidating villain, but if you want it to make sense then you have to build a foundation that supports that. Part 2, Conquest and Expansion If you know anything about Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire, then you probably know that they conquered one of the largest empires in history and that it collapsed almost immediately afterwards. Let's take a second to examine exactly why the Mongols did so well. Before the time of Genghis, they were just a collection of stateless nomadic tribes that wandered the steppes of Central Asia raiding and hunting. Many settled peoples at the time would have called them uncivilized barbarians, but the thing is that by constantly riding horses and shooting bows, they got really good at both. Once they were united, they were basically just a giant army of cavalry that could move faster and fight better than just about everyone else. They conquered everything from China to Iraq to Ukraine, and within a few generations it had fallen to pieces. So yes, being good at fighting is the best way for an empire to take over new territory, but it has its limits and it's not going to help keep that empire together. Pretty much any evil empire will have to take over new areas since expanding and taking new resources is one of the best ways to grow your wealth in an ancient or medieval world. Please note that this is not the case in a modern world with a modern economy and modern militaries because all of those are so much more expensive and warfare tends to destroy all of them. Let's say that there's an empire called Merica. The common people love the emperor of Merica because he makes sure that they're treated fairly under the law and not subjected to the whims of nobles, and they make up the bulk of the army so he doesn't have to worry about any uprisings. He's still has to juggle the demands of a dozen factions, but things are stable for the moment. Now let's say that the emperor decides to conquer the neighboring kingdom of Dijorno to take control of its iron mines. So the army marches, crushes Dijorno in short order, and Merica annexes it. But the work is far from over. See, the people of Dijorno resent being taken over and are ready to rebel at the first opportunity. The Mericans can't just have their army occupy the new territory forever. If you watched my video on how to world build fantasy armies, then you know that there are different categories that armies fall into, and prolonged occupation requires a professional standing army, which is expensive. If the occupational force was big, then pretty soon they would be spending more money on the occupation than they could extract from the territory. And even if the people weren't interested in rebelling, then Merica would have to guard its new borders against invaders. If they let others launch raids on their new province and kill their people, then it will prevent them from mining the iron properly, and they'll start to lose money. And if their new overlords can't protect them, then the people of Dijorno would be resentful and move closer to rebelling. And that's not even counting more mundane issues, like language barriers and tax collection. Setting up a bureaucracy takes time and effort, especially if you do it properly so as to prevent corruption or incompetence. If Merica doesn't collect enough taxes, then it can't maintain things like roads and armies, which leaves it weakened and vulnerable to outside attacks. All of this together means that conquering new areas is difficult, expensive, and time consuming, which is why in many cases empires would only not take over places because it wasn't worth the cost, not because they felt they couldn't do it. And sometimes it's simple geography that keeps them from taking an area. The Mongols tried invading Vietnam, but their horses weren't very good at galloping through thick jungles. But even if they'd been able to beat the inhabitants militarily, the landscape would slow travel and trade and tax collection. If you want to make an empire that's stable or on the rise, then make sure its governing bodies can properly run all of its territory and extract the necessary resources to make keeping them worth it. If you want to show an empire on the decline, then make it have an inept or corrupt system that prevents the government from getting what it needs to function, e.g. the tax collectors steal the money that they collect, and so the emperor can't pay for a proper army. Of course, also note that empires do have more than two settings, you know, people tend to think of them as just rising and then falling, but there's plenty of times where they can be in this stable middle ground where they're not really doing either one. And also keep in mind that plenty of empires throughout their history went through multiple stages where they rose and then fell and then rose and then fell some more. If nothing else, just remember, if the government has no money and no way to get money, then it falls apart. Part 3. Evilness. Too many fictional empires are just straight up evil. And I don't mean that in the sense that most pre-modern countries were oppressive and authoritarian by modern standards, I mean that the writers go out of their way to make them as brutal and war-crimey as possible. Take a look at the empire from Star Wars. They built a moonsize space station, probably coming close to bankrupting themselves in the process, then used it exclusively on their own citizens. They destroyed Jetta City, Scarif, and Alderaan, which killed billions of their own tax-paying citizens. And why did they do it? To kill rebels, and, in the case of Alderaan, to show off that they don't keep their promises. Imagine if there was a terrorist cell in Houston, Texas, and the American military destroyed all of the south with a barrage of nuclear missiles. That's the closest scenario I can think of that captures the ridiculousness of what the empire did. And it's not like this was the only war crime they ever committed. They were well known to execute anyone who breathed dissent or was just not very good at their job. Destroying Alderaan was the final straw for many people to join the rebellion.  Zeon, the Marshall Empire, the Red Line, the Final Empire, Caesar's Legion, and a whole bunch of others. Now think about how many atrocities they commit against their own people and others. No one would want to be a part of them and no one would want to be an ally. They might be able to inspire fear, but if you saw a couple of dudes execute soldiers who surrendered, would you be encouraged to surrender? And for that matter, would you want to be their friend? But let's also remember that propaganda is a thing.  Maybe they spread rumors that their enemies are even worse, or they tell their soldiers and citizens that their crimes were exaggerated, or that they were necessary, or something. Maybe DeGiorno has weapons of mass destruction. Who knows? If you burn down a peasant village in your quest for the chosen one, then you're going to push people to be more sympathetic towards him. And there has to be a counter to that if you want to keep your population under control. The manner in which this takes depends totally on the available technology, so it's difficult to give a generic template.   You can't keep many people under control through violence alone, nor can you just conquer every country that doesn't like you.  Notice a common theme yet? Part 4. The Fall. This last part should be over quickly. How do empires collapse? In short, a shitload of reasons have contributed to real-life empires falling. Natural disasters, civil wars, taking over too much territory and being unable to run it properly, rival empires taking them over, and incompetent leadership causing them to lose influence. Nowhere on that list did I say a teenager kills the emperor in one-on-one combat and the whole thing collapses overnight. The death of an empire's ruler can and has resulted in instability or even war, but it's never caused the empire to collapse unless there were some serious underlying problems to begin with. And then consider something else. Does the empire fall apart into different component nations, or is it just changed into a new country? Maybe the American emperor is overthrown and replaced by an elected legislature turning the empire into a republic? Or maybe all the people they conquered rise up and the empire splits into a dozen tiny kingdoms? Or maybe the whole thing is overrun by necromancers from DeGiorno and everyone dies? Either way, no more empire. Just don't have everything collapse with the death of one person for the love of every god. Conclusion. Empires are all over the place both in fiction and in history, but they're often put in without much thought. Fictional ones, I mean the real ones have thought behind them, I assume. And while the term empire can be slippery, any sort can be a great addition to a setting or story, but just like everything else it has to be done correctly or it'll fail to be intimidating, or fail to inspire wonder, or just seem weird. Uh, I wish I had a better conclusion. I just want to give a huge huge shout out to all of my patrons, without them this wouldn't be possible. Uh, and of course this month's patron shout out is Desbrennan! Woo, yeah. So if you want to be featured in this list here, or have me shout out your name, or any of the bunch of other goodies that I have, then check out my page and consider becoming a patron. And if you don't want to do that, then you could always just subscribe and like this video and, you know, all that other stuff.


Hey everybody, I am Nathaniel Rappeljantz from Nintendo Prime and today I want to talk to you about the Zelda series specifically What defines exactly what a Zelda game even is and this is a tricky question because I Stand on a pedestal That views Breath of the Wild and the adventure of Link as the two Greatest Zelda games to ever exist and yes I don't have to look far to find people who agree with me on Breath of the Wild But I do have to look extremely far to find people who agree with me on the adventure of Link Which was my favorite Zelda game of all time until the release of Breath of the Wild and the reason I feel I Need to preference what I'm about to say with those notions is that I feel When you are looking to define a series no matter what that series is whether it's the Mario series Whether it is the Zelda series whether it's the Call of Duty series or Madden or Racing games whatever it might be there has to be some core elements that make that game what it is make that series What it is make that franchise what it is where when you play this game You know that it is X game in X franchise as an example when I play the adventure of Link I know that that is a Zelda game not just because of the name of the game not just because it stars Link But it feels like a Zelda game to me just as much as the Legend of Zelda for NES does or a link to the past or Ocarina of Time or Majora's Mask Twilight Princess Skyward Sword or the link between worlds even Triforce Heroes feels like a Zelda game to me Even though it's in a different way in terms of its approach to the game And so when I kind of view the general gist of what makes a Zelda game be a Zelda game It has to be a definition that includes the entire game the entirety of the series as it exists today So that means it has to include a game of Breath of the Wild has to include the adventure of Link as to include Triforce Heroes and Four Swords and Four Swords Adventures. It does not have to include games like, you know, Link's crossbow training Tetra's trackers The tingle games because those are kind of side games, you know Hyrule Warriors doesn't have to have anything to do with the main lines all the games I'm talking about the main core games in a given franchise So as an example a Mario Party does nothing to do with the main line franchise for Mario Just like Mario Kart doesn't really have to have anything to do in terms of what makes a Mario game a Mario game and As I sit back and I think about this question deeply and I wrote an editorial on this very topic Over on Nintendo Prime, which I will link down in the description below. Yes, we have a website I Kind of came to a conclusion that Zelda games are essentially built off of two elements and these elements are going to feel extremely broad And that's because when you're trying to encompass the whole of the Zelda series It's really hard to boil things down to what makes it specific to Zelda Because it's an action-adventurous series at times it ventures into the RPG type of genre It did that a little bit with Skyward Sword. It definitely does that with Breath of the Wild and Zelda 2 was quite literally an RPG. So The series is dabbled into different gaming genres, but they've all been action based, right? You know, they're not turn-based combat. We're talking about action games that have adventure aspects that sometimes dabble in RPG elements now When I say this I Feel like the Zelda series is perfectly encapsulated in terms of its definition in Breath of the Wild And I'm not just saying that because Breath of the Wild is my favorite Zelda game and that's the direction I prefer Zelda games to go in the future I mean, I could argue that maybe Zelda games should have been open world a lot sooner Just like the very first game in the series was but that's that's all a personal aside The things that these games all have in common beyond Link right because Link is literally in every single game So you could always say that you need Link as the main character for it to be a Zelda game But I feel like that's a really simplistic explanation that doesn't really dive into what makes Zelda feel like a Zelda game and to me the two elements are exploration and Adventure Now as I said those are two very broad elements because a lot of games gonna have exploration and adventure Skyrim has exploration and adventure The Witcher series has exploration and adventure Uncharted has exploration and adventure. So They're very broad terms but reality is that every single Zelda game falls under these terms and How it gets to that exploration and how it gets to that adventure is what uniquely makes it Zelda So some games work on an item progression system, right? So you have to Go like let's do is Ocarina of Time as an example because that's just fresh on my mind I just played it a few weeks ago. I did kind of see how it lived up after playing Breath of the Wild and You start off that game with nothing you go You find the Kokiri sword and you buy a shield you progress to the first dungeon You get a slingshot that helps you progress to the next dungeon you get another item You progress to the next dungeon till you get another item progress the next dungeon and that games progression is basically built around the dungeon system and That's the way a lot of Zelda games are built Twilight Princess as an example might as well not even have an overworld and yes You're hearing me say that right now. Twilight Princess's overworld is practically pointless because the entire game takes place inside dungeons that's just be real and There's nothing wrong with this right that there is a certain type of Exploration a certain type of progression a certain type of adventure you can get inside of a dungeon So that's why when a lot of people say that it's all the games are dungeon crawlers I get it because that's basically what they have been since Ocarina of Time Everything that happens between the dungeons is kind of fluff. It's kind of irrelevant Everyone's just playing to get to the next dungeon and that's probably why we saw things like the Amount of dungeons totally balloon in a game such as Twilight Princess and even in Skyward Sword which I adore and I know some people would chastise it because of how linear it is It kind of took dungeons outside of the dungeons So you basically had to complete a dungeon in the overworld to get to the dungeon then you'd revisit that dungeon later and Do more dungeon stuff again a lot of things very very You know reliant on that dungeon aspect So I understand people that wanted to find the series as a dungeon crawler However, defining the series as a dungeon crawler Kind of excludes a lot of aspects right like would you describe the adventure of Link as a dungeon crawler that works on an item progression system? No, no you won't what do you describe the very first sell the game as a dungeon crawler that works on an item progression system? Well maybe um the thing is Items are still used to progress in the Legend of Zelda for NES but you don't have to visit the dungeons to necessarily get some of these items some of the items are found outside of dungeons and You don't like the whole game doesn't feel Secluded right dungeons have always been like their own things separate from the world But instead of the dungeons in the Legend of Zelda NES felt like the world itself, right? They didn't feel like there was a lot of difference between a dungeon and the overworld in terms of how you explore it and how you Approach it and how you solve puzzles and how you fight enemies and you know eventually bosses so There's that element That some games about themselves up on and then other games about themselves up on more of a progression system based on Discovery and what I mean to say is let's just look at Breath of the Wild since that recently came out And that's the game. I feel like best defines the series That game Breath of the Wild Approaches the players progression in a way that deals with discovery As an example, there are multiple ways you can view progression in this game One you can view progression is whenever you beat the emboss which you can do right after you get off the great plateau It's difficult. It is possible. Good luck if you try to do it Another way is that it does have dungeons. There are 120 shrines You can view the shrines as how many of those you complete helps progress you forward Although that's it that helps make the character stronger, but I don't know if that's necessarily the way people view progression But progression in this game is really through discovery So when you discover the four divine beasts and you beat them that makes you more powerful it gives you new abilities and You fight bosses and it feels the most like a traditional Zelda game in the sense there However, the thrill of discovery in this game isn't just about the divine beast It's not even just about Link finding all of the memories from his past it's encompassing the grander world into that sense of exploration and discovery and It takes it to a level that Zelda has really never been at Zelda one was the closest we got to it and Breath of the Wild kind of brings it full circle Bringing elements from what Zelda has done since all the one plus bringing back what's all the one was which was a truly open world built on exploration and discovery And obviously adventure I said it was exploration and adventure that obviously builds up the Zelda series So every games an adventure every games about exploring in some fashion Skyward Sword was about exploring the history of the Zelda series it was about exploring the relationship between Link and Zelda in between Hathia and Zelda and between the Master Sword and Phi and all these elements coming together the way that it dealt with dealt with it was more of a Exploring what's next in the Zelda lore versus exploring the world itself There wasn't a lot of exploration of the overworld as an example But there was a sense of adventure and in my opinion going through Skyward Sword So when I think about the defining aspects of the series a lot of people gonna think green tunic which again that would mean breath of the Wild doesn't count It would mean Link which again every single Zelda game is headlink It would mean Princess Zelda which every single Zelda game doesn't actually have Princess Zelda in it Some people even think it just takes the Triforce right not every single game even talks about the Triforce so It's really hard to me to sit there and define the series as just two things exploration and adventure But I feel like that's really all it takes. I think after that everything that happens in between is really just Filling in the gaps of what type of exploration and what type of adventure the developers want you to have and That's really where things get separated because this isn't the Witcher. This isn't Skyrim. This isn't Uncharted. This is Nintendo's Action-adventure game that is based around exploration and adventure Nintendo doesn't really have another game quite like this the closest would be maybe Metroid, but Metroid is more It's a space game for starters Whereas Zelda is based in the medieval ages, but it's just a very different type of game. It's based more on isolation whereas Link is kind of doing his own thing in Hyrule he's he's learning his place in Hyrule and Well, I could talk at length about what makes Breath of the Wild special a lot of what makes it special is Almost exclusive to Breath of the Wild and that's fine But what makes it a Zelda game is its approach to exploration and its approach to adventure and how Nintendo feels in the gaps and I feel like those two elements is what makes the whole series come together because the series hasn't always been an action-adventure game It hasn't always been an RPG. It hasn't always been a game built on item progression It hasn't always been a game built on dungeons and boss fights It hasn't always even been a game based on single-player play if we want to you know Try Force Heroes, Force Swords, Force Swords Adventures There's been avenues where the game has canon-wise gone into multiplayer. The game hasn't always been focused on Zelda or Ganondorf but the game has always been focused on the adventure and The exploration that gives us that adventure and the various ways that it explores exploration inside of that Zelda series and That's really it. I feel like this game the series could basically do anything it wants as long as it bases itself around Exploration and adventure and as it may be on the side of that discovery Because discovery is kind of an element of exploration and adventuring because if you don't discover anything right if you just explore freely or Even lent you know even down a set path if you're just exploring down a path the game guides you if There's nothing to discover at the end of that path. It's kind of pointless So I guess maybe there's that third element of discovery in there But that's really it and what I want to throw out to you guys is what defines the Zelda series to you As I said some people in the comment system over on Nintendo Prime.net have told me you know that they view the item progression system as a defining feature of Zelda and That's I mean, that's that's a kind of a cool way to look at things I disagree because that kind of discludes part of the games And that's where I want to bring this conversation full circle because I want you guys to tell me What element you think brings all of Zelda together and you know elements that do not Disclude any specific game so not elements that only apply to some games But say don't apply to the multiplayer games or elements that apply to the multiplayer games I don't apply to the single-player games or elements that apply to the entire series But don't include the adventure of link or elements that imply to the entire series We don't include Breath of the Wild or elements that only apply to the 3d Zelda games and ignore the top-down 2d games I want to know from your guys's perspective from you guys our viewers our listeners What elements of the Legend of Zelda series? Defines what Zelda is and it could be blanketed You know as a giant blanket applied to every single Zelda game that's ever released in the canon timeline Whoo, it's a lot and then once you guys let us know We'll come firing right back at you talking more in-depth about this with multiple viewpoints and Discussing your guys's viewpoints in a new episode of Zelda inquiries that I am planning to get out later this month I know folks. It's been a while since Zelda inquiries has happened There's been a lot of time spent with playing Breath of the Wild and getting more in-depth with that And we're gonna be taking some fan topics for that in the future But for now, I just want to know from your guys's perspective How do you define the Legend of Zelda series in a way that encompasses all of the mainline games? Again, I'm Nintendo Rebel Jants from Nintendo Prime signing out


Hello, my name is Dr Peter Harrop, I'm Chairman of ID TechX and we're going to do something slightly bizarre. We're going to have me, someone from London, interviewing someone else from London, here in California. And that's because we chase the technology, not the origin of the person. I have the honour of talking today to Marcus Taylor and he is from a company Silent Sensors and there are a number of technologies we wish to explore in this. The move to structural electronics is a strong trend at our show here at the ID TechX show and this is a part of that. There is an element of Internet of Things of course and there is also an element of energy harvesting which is coming back in very different forms, it's being reinvented. So I'm going to touch on all those because this particular company is involved in all of those. So first of all why the name Silent Sensors? It was an idea that came up about three years ago and it stuck. The idea was basically that there's a lot of chatter going on but we don't hear it. But you've got Wi-Fi, you've got Bluetooth, you've got GSM. It's going on all around us right now, but it's silent. Yeah that's very true. So you're involved in structural electronics in the sense of making amazingly a UHF tag that's suitable for going in a tyre. Can you show us this? Tell us about this. Yes, so the tyre and the elastomer market in general is we started looking at it from the point of flexibility so this is a material that's flexible but it's not stretchable. You can't do that to it whereas this material we can stretch it and that deformation is something that we can accommodate with the inks that we have developed that we can print onto here and then surface mount the RFID tag on there. So it's very much a material science problem and mechanical engineering problem where we've had to work with the tyre engineers who have now learned together with us what the requirements of electronics are and then there's also the antenna design because rubber has a dielectric constant that we have to then so we have to design the antenna to be detuned so that it tunes itself when we apply it to the antenna and then this then these are actually although they look the same they're actually two different types of rubber and so each of these require slightly different treatments and so on. So the form factors we can either do an inlay and that's where the focus is making it compatible with a vulcanization process so the components also need to survive 165 Celsius for 20-30 minutes max sometimes less depending on if it's a truck tyre or an aircraft tyre but not a wheelbarrow tyre because the mass is a lot lower so the and the whole why have we got traceability in tyres well at the the end of the day it's the trend we see in all industries which is moving towards tyre or as a service business models so if you've got unit level identification and traceability then you have the enabler for that kind of business model which you wouldn't have otherwise because today the tyre is typically marked with a batch code and a serial number but it's very labor intensive and difficult so if we look at it from a total cost of ownership model the tyre the RFID tag if we don't if we don't just look at the bill of materials but also look at the whole lifespan of the tyre then this facilitates that track and trace that is important safety remolds all the rest yes I heard years ago that there was a stage where a tyre through its life can have seven or more barcodes put on it and they get damaged they get disoriented and it's not really a clever way to go so that would be great progress are you involved in adding power to that yeah so the sort of the evolution of this and this is an early prototype I haven't got the latest versions because they are a little bit proprietary but this shows how you can use off-the-shelf components to develop a system to prototype and this is a self-powered tyre pressure monitoring system so you've got a TPMS standard off-the-shelf TPMS trip there you've got a super oh sorry a capacitor there for storing the energy and that's just a capacitor yeah and then then you've got a rectification circuit and this is the the bus bars to connect the piezoelectric material so and that then is capable of producing enough power to run the sensor long enough for it to then effectively replace the TPMS sensor that today sits in the rim or on the valve stem of a wheel assembly I mean the problem of TPMS has got easier in the sense that as electronics develops it always needs less electricity that's good but traditionally with piezoelectric energy harvesting various people went into it and then came out of it like micro strain and others and there were problems not just with reliability but with more seriously with trying to get wide bandgap because vibrations have an irritating habit of not being the frequency you want or the jump about and you're one minute it's working next minute isn't working and traditionally with piezoelectric would say ceramics you have the issue of when you try to get wide acoustic bandwidth then it comes on reliable because you go into tension or something are you doing anything there to get wide bandwidth yeah so we're we're using our know-how in printed electronics with this silver but we can also put PZT materials into here and find an optimum between get the right densification and also the amount of material that we need to deposit so it's really a trilemma that was solving between the energy harvesting the storage and the power management in fact our neighbor here is helped as enormously with low power power management I see that combined with the super the pseudo capacitor that we're developing here which is solid state so that it's all about getting those three components working well together and the the other thing is to also add storage here so that we we need a rechargeable battery and a super capacitor to cover the the whole range of use cases so that comes along to the ride with any super bastard but to maximize it you usually need an aqueous electrolyte and something like graphene carbon nanotubes or something is that what you're doing no so this is this is solid state and if you like the formula is a little bit proprietary but it is a lithium-based cathode and then we have a solid state electrolyte and and it's proved to be very efficient and we've got some data that we can I can share with you but it is sufficient to address the requirement that we need and we have a whole roadmap to increase the reduce the size and increase the density about yeah combination of battery and super correct yeah do you know the energy density or anything of that I haven't got the figure in my head right now but it is it is sufficient to be a replacement yeah that's great but you're not going broadband acoustically you're intending that you choose a particular frequency and classically you get almost nothing off of that away from that frequency it's very sharp peak with yeah so is that right but you believe that particular frequency will be available or sign perfectly and we can run it at different speeds and so on as well you're on PZT yeah and you might move to PVDF or something or not so PVDF unfortunately has a characteristic that doesn't like high temperatures so it is something that we're exploring with other materials and we've also had some discussions about the opportunity to use lithium niobate as well as an alternative but that correct yeah and and there are other solutions that we're looking at but we've got enough of a of a starting point now to go to the if you like the next stage of development and how many of you are there how big is the business in total including our JV there's 14 of us and we're distributed between Sedgefield in the north that CPI and down south that in Swindon and we're now looking to consolidate that so we're we're in a fundraising mode so if there's anyone out there they would like 14 14 one good excellent and when you talk about silent energy on one visiting card what's that mean so that's our joint venture focusing on the development of the supercapacitor so we wanted to split the two so that we we had a team that focused on the development of this well I think the fact that we focused on tyres is a actually very narrow segment of a very big industry which I guess you'd call rubber elastomers and and that is is a as a market that I think in general you could say is under service by the IO industrial IoT market because of the challenging manufacturing processes that you have to address but if you look at if you look at any system whether it be a tire or a gasket or a seal none of the systems that we need in modern civilization would exist without these these very valuable materials so and it also is an area which one question so we've found for example that a bit a little bit like the clock radio by combining a clock and a radio you create a new product set and by looking at seals and gaskets as an opportunity for combining a temperature sensor with a seal so you have those dual functions you you have a whole new whole new opportunity to optimize in many respects because you then can have more temperature sensors around the system whereas at the moment you're sort of looking at the average in the sample and the other thing that's interesting of course if we look at the vehicle industry electric vehicles as opposed to internal combustion engine vehicles have the same problem or have the same problem they need coolant in fact bulk batteries they don't like huge changes in temperature so the cooling system becomes even more critical even compared to a internal combustion engine I'm sure we've all at some point cooked an engine but it still keeps running whereas you're not going to do that with an electric vehicle once you've cooked the battery that's pretty much it yeah so interestingly electric vehicles need more rubber hoses in a sense than an electric and then an internal combustion engine as an as an aside how fascinating that's very interesting and what you're doing here is an electric so you happen to have made a sensor you have as well if it can function in both ways but we're only looking at it as an energy harvesting device how much power comes out of it? well we depending on how much area we're using we can go from hundreds of microwatts to milliwatts so milliwatts would be critical size or something? quite big you you can also stack them and what we we haven't really explored that in much detail yet because of course as you laminate them they become more rigid and finding the optimum mechanical area there is difficult so the next stage for us is really to start modeling everything that we've learned empirically and and creating more of a kind of data model that that we can use to do the design work together with the mechanical engineers and so on before we go to a lot of expensive making things thank you very much fascinating story wonderful company obviously going to go well definitely should be invested in thank you and we wish you well and we're going to come back and follow your story in the years to come thank you for your time there was one aside I was going to say Peter that it was thanks to ID TechX that we met we met them in Berlin 18 months ago and thanks to them we managed to create a J-vine and I was actually in Moscow only two weeks ago at the British Embassy where we signed the agreement with the Prince Michael of Kent so in this business it's global isn't it and you have to get going and visit and learn things I last week visited someone in Ohio who'd heard me talking North Finland the week before so it goes on but anyway you can run but you can't hide but no that's lovely so wonderful to meet you and really fascinating technology we love the technology it's good thank you very much indeed thank you very much


On behalf of your honorable prime minister, the cabinet of ministers and in my capacity as minister with responsibility for cooperatives, allow me to extend a very happy International Corporate's Day to all members of the cooperatives here in St. Lucia and to recognize the significant contributions cooperatives have made and continue to make every day in the lives of the members, the communities, here in St. Lucia and worldwide. International Corporate's Day is an annual celebration of the cooperative movement observed on the first Saturday in July since 1923 by the International Cooperative Alliance. In resolution 47.9 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly proclaims, and I quote, the first Saturday of July 1995 to be International Day of Cooperatives, making the centenary of the establishment of the International Cooperative Alliance and decides to consider the possibility of observing an International Day of Cooperatives in future years. End of quote. The International Day of Cooperatives 2022 is being celebrated under the theme, cooperatives build a better world. The United Nations invite cooperatives around the world to celebrate how the human-centered business model, inspired by the cooperative values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity, and solidarity. And the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility, and caring for others is building a better world. The theme recognizes that the current predominant economic model on its own will not achieve the sustainable development goals. My government recognizes and affirms the role and achievements of cooperatives in the economic, social, and cultural development of our nation. We are however cognizant of the myriad of challenges faced by the various cooperatives, particularly the smaller size and those located in the rural areas. For this reason, my government has pledged to further strengthen and reposition the cooperative sector to enhance its efficiency and maximize the benefits to members. The Cooperative Societies Act and Cooperative Societies regulations have been under review as far back as 2008. My government commits to the finalization of the species of legislation within this financial year. The demands of modern business practices dictate that cooperatives must be prepared to face the global challenges. As such, the finalization of the legislation is a priority for my government. The improvement in governance, accountability, and effective management will be addressed. The revised legislation will require volunteer officials to be fit and proper, having the requisite knowledge and skills to give proper direction to cooperatives to survive the global crisis and shocks. The cooperative movement is about changing and improving lives and livelihoods and protecting the interests of members. Therefore, the new regulations will reflect and address these issues, protecting the investment of all members. This will demand greater financial literacy for informed decisions, attention to concerns for community and better and greater cooperation among cooperatives in addressing issues like climate change, poverty, employment, and business development for the future development of the cooperative movement here in St. Lucia. Final consultations on the Cooperative Society Bill and regulations with the various sectors of the cooperative movement are taking place in preparation for presentation to parliament in the next few months. This I can assure you. My ministry in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture has engaged the Fisher's Cooperative with a view to obtaining first hand appreciation of the diverse issues inhibiting their progress. A technical committee has been established to strategize to address the issues and modernize their operations. A similar approach is planned for the farmers' cooperatives. We will leave no stone unturned in boosting the capacity and efficiency of our Fisher and farmer cooperatives as they play a vital role in our nation's food security. As we celebrate International Cooperatives Day 2022, we can proudly say that our cooperatives have provided the much needed landscape to change our lives. The difference through the cooperative principles, the democratic structure, the service to members, the cooperation among cooperatives, the concern for community, and the social goals that cooperatives embody are worth mentioning and recognizing today. In closing, as we join fellow cooperatives in over 180 countries and celebrate the 100th anniversary of International Cooperatives Day, I wish to thank every member, employee, volunteer for your invaluable contribution to this important movement. As cooperatives build a better world and a better centrusia, may God guide us as we work together in this important movement. I thank you.


We're here at the fourth Interpol IP Crime Conference in Dubai. This is particularly important for us to be able to reach out into this region to raise awareness to this particular crime type. We're very fortunate to have also the support of, for the first time, the Ambassador George Kaldahi, and he will be used by us to help promote and raise awareness. As we all work together to turn back crime.


We're here at the Linaro Connect, and who are you? So my name's Stuart Montice. I work for Linaro, working on OpenJDK. So what is OpenJDK? OpenJDK is the open source project that works on Java virtual machine and runtime. So Java virtual machine. So that's a big deal, no? It's used very heavily in terms of commercial workloads. It's a middleware. Your bank will do it run on it. Lots of websites use it. There's a good deal of technology that depends upon it. So how long have you been working with this? What have you done with it? Well, with OpenJDK in particular, I've been working on the past couple of years on that, prior to 64, doing some performance work, some feature work, some building work, and a little bit some pieces here and there. So is it great support right now on the ARM64? It's only getting better. The very core of all of this effort is Red Hat. So Andrew Haley's team have been there from the beginning and wrote it initially. Various different members are starting to engage more with it. And so how long have you been involved with it in the narrow? My involvement goes back probably to around about 2013, 2014. We're initially worked on Android work, the Android runtime and 64-bit Java. And you just made it work? You just worked? Nothing's just, of course. So myself and my colleagues in ARM had been working on that for a good year or so before it became public. And so it's been continuing ever since then. It's become mainstream. And so what is the target of this project right now? OpenJDK needs better optimization on the ARM? So what various people and partners are interested in are the performance. That's always going to continue. Understanding the performance characteristics of OpenJDK is one thing you do when you're working on server chips. Another is making sure we have all the features you would come to expect on a virtual machine. Because as far as I understand, some of the ARM server chips are very cool, very awesome, very powerful. But if some software is not optimized, that could be an issue. So Java is a big deal. Everybody wants it. Yes, and Java has been around for a long time. Pre-AR64, people have been optimizing Java on their chips for the past 20 years. So there is going to be lots of work to do. And how does it work? How do you do that? It's one of these things where we have two strands. There's working on features. So things that are not there, you initially write, get working. Performance is a lot of in-depth, detailed work that doesn't necessarily produce lots of results. So you have to spend a lot of time understanding how things work, understanding what it does on your machine, looking for areas and even proving it, whether it be in your architecture or whether it be in the language implementation itself. A lot of what we will look at are the tooling that's available. So OpenJDK doesn't run in isolation. It is compiled by GCC. GCC has to work well. We use debugging tools. GDB has to work well. It's obviously running on the C libraries. We have to work well. It runs on the Linux kernel. That needs to be understood and improved to where necessary. And tools such as Perf and all the tool chain on top of that also need to work well. So Java is very good at bringing all of these things together. It uses lots of memory. It does lots of things concurrently, it stresses locks. So there's lots of analysis that needs to be done and has been done. Do you have a nice team around you also working together with you? The OpenJDK team is massive as a whole. There are various people with various interests. In ART64 in particular, we have Red Hat very much at the core and driving this. We have quite a number of folks in ARM who are working on this. There's myself and Leonardo. And we have a speaker coming tomorrow from Bellsoft who will be talking about their optimizations. And so you just work in the open source, collaborate, figure out some things, make it better and better. Every week, does it get better? When have you reached perfect optimization and then you can go do something else? Never. Never? If you look at folks such as IBM, they've been optimizing Java since 1995 and they haven't stopped since. So I don't expect this ever to go away. How many other things are required to optimize? So Java is just one thing, right? How many other things are there in the neural, in the Linux world that's out of many different kind of languages around it that are also each of them optimized? Well, I mean, if you talk about the Linux world in particular, my colleagues in ARM do deal with many runtimes. I'm sure you can find folks to talk about Lua. There's people working on Go. Rust, not so much, I can think of. Obviously, GCC for C and C++. Anywhere where there is a particular need for optimization, it's important to get engineering resources on that. So what happens in the neural connect?  Yes, you'll notice from the schedule there are four talks this year on OpenJDK, which I'm quite pleased. So there's Sean Kelly from Ampere. He was speaking yesterday about what he's doing for performance. There was Ninshain, who was talking about the scalable vector extensions in Java, and we were going with that. That was my talk. And then tomorrow there's Dimitri's talk on optimizing, analyzing, and performance on OpenJDK. So it's been very good. Is it ready for prime time? Can people just take the servers and be super happy? I believe so. There are people who do believe we have a solid runtime. In terms of performance, work loads are as variable as individuals. We will continue to optimize it, and if there are issues, I'm certainly getting contact with the community. Is there a lot of hardware acceleration going on and these ARM chips that helps? For Java in particular, hardware acceleration is an interesting area. Where we are mostly interested are, and the soundings in this work has been done is for, say, crypto, where there are Java APIs that do cryptography. And so we make sure that the instructions supported in ARM for crypto are actually used, especially defaults. So that is mostly cryptography. You can't just have a hardware accelerated Java stuff for all the rest of the Java. You have to think about what that would mean. Is there offload off to GPUs? Not so much just now. Java is very much used for, obviously, databases. There's transaction handling. So your traditional middleware, you're doing enterprise and all of that business. You're really looking at moving memory around and doing network operations. So the acceleration may be a little bit beyond Java itself. And to do software optimizations, does that mean you're very good at mathematics? Or what is involved? You're looking at the whole code and you kind of see what can be optimized. How does it work? It's a difficult area. In terms of mathematics, there are certainly areas where it's advisable to have a good basis in numerical analysis. So if you're optimizing mathematical functions, you need to be very solid in that. That's not something I have a background in. Not something I've touched. For, there's lots of aspects to this. So there's understanding what the CPUs are doing, what's bad, what's good there. So understanding how caches work, understanding pipelines, and what's significant there is quite important. Having the ability to analyze and actually drill down to something you can actually work with is where the skill comes. And I believe what we've got just now is pretty good that any further gains are going to be small incremental gains. That may be very difficult to measure, fractions of a percent. So it's a case of iterating over this, seeing what workloads there are, because your optimizations are very workload dependent very often. You optimize for what is common. All right, so hopefully the ARM servers are going to take over the whole market, right? And your software optimizations are going to be in there. Yeah, we'll make sure that that's not where the blockers are.


Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the STM32 Serial Peripheral Interface. The internal serial peripheral interface, or SPI, provides a simple communication interface allowing the microcontroller to communicate with external devices. This interface is highly configurable to support many standard protocols. Applications benefit from the simple and direct connection to components which requires a few pins. Thanks to the highly configurable capabilities of the SPI, many devices can be simply accommodated in the existing project. The STM32 SPI offers various operating modes that are explained in more detail in this presentation. The communication speed can't exceed half of the internal bus frequency, and a minimum of two wires is required to provide the serial data flow synchronized by clock serial in a single direction. An optional hardware slave select control signal can be added. The data size and transmit shift order are configurable as well as the clock signal, polarity and phase. At the protocol level, the user can use specific data buffers with an automatic cyclic redundancy check or CRC calculation and transfers through the DMA controller. There are a wide range of SPI events that can generate interrupt requests. The simplified SPI block diagram shows the basic control mechanisms and functions. There are four I.O. signals associated with the SPI peripheral. All of the data passes through receive and transmit buffers via their specific interfaces. The control block features are enabled or disabled depending on the configuration. The SPI master always controls the bus traffic and provides the clock signal to the dedicated slave through the SCK line. The master can select the slave it wants to communicate with through the optional slave select or NSS signal. Data stored in the dedicated shift registers can be exchanged synchronously between the master and slave, through the MOSI, master output, slave input and the MISO, master input, slave output, data lines. In full duplex mode, both data lines are used and synchronous data flows in both directions at the same time. In simplex mode, one node transmits data while the other receives the data. Data only flows in one direction. Depending on the communication direction, only one data line is used. Unused SPI pins can be used for other purposes. Half duplex mode integrates the previous two modes with sharing a single line for data exchanges and data flows in a single direction at a time. There is a cross connection between the master MOSI and the slave MISO pins in this mode. The master and slave have to alternate their transmitter and receiver roles synchronously when having a common data line. It is common to add a serial resistor on the half duplex data line to prevent possible temporary short circuit connection, since master and slave nodes are not usually synchronized. When the SPI network includes more than one slave, a star topology is commonly used. The master communicates with one slave at a time, since you can only have one slave transmit data back to the master through the common MISO pin. In this topology, a separated slave select signal from the master has to be provided to each slave node, so the master can select which slave to communicate with. Thanks to separate slave select signals, or NSSs, SPI data and clock format can be adapted for each slave if the multiple slave nodes do not have a common configuration. Another multi-slave configuration is the circular topology, where the inputs and outputs of all the nodes are connected together in a closed serial chain. A common slave select signal is used for all the nodes as communication occurs at the same time. All nodes must have the same data and clock format configuration. Microcontroller SPI nodes typically use separate internal transmit and receive shift registers, so the data transferred between them has to be handled by software in a circular mode. NSS networks can operate in a multi-master environment. This mode is used to connect two master nodes exclusively. When either node is not active, they are by default in a slave mode. When one node wants to take control of the bus, it switches itself into master mode and asserts the slave select signal on the other node through a GPIO pin. Both slave select NSS pins work as a hardware input to detect potential bus collisions between nodes, as only one can master the SPI bus at a single time. After the session is done, the active node master releases the slave select signal and returns back to passive slave mode, waiting for the next session start. There are a few controls that are used to set up the data format. Users can define the data frame size and the transmit order of the shift register. The clock can be set to one of four basic configurations defined in the Motorola SPI specifications. The combination of two bits controls the polarity and phase of the clock signal. When the phase control bit is cleared, data bits are sampled on the odd clock edges and the even clock edges synchronize the shifting of the next bit onto the data line. This is the opposite when the phase control bit is set. The clock polarity bit defines the idle state of the clock signal and which clock edge is used for data sampling or shifting. When the communication speed is fast and data frame short, it could be a demanding task to ensure a correct data flow when the clock signal becomes continuous and the full duplex mode is used. Slave nodes have to properly service all the transactions sent by the master system properly to prevent any data overrun or underrun conditions. When the data frame size fits into a byte, packing mode can be used. Then multiple data patterns can be written or read in a single access to the FIFO registers. Together with the proper setting of the FIFO threshold event, the number of events to surface will decrease to better control the data flow. When the DMA controller is also used, overall loading on the system is significantly reduced. This figure shows how two short four bit data frames can be written and read by a single 16 bit access in the dedicated FIFO registers. The read or write data access requires just a single service event. The SPI peripheral features two 32 bit FIFOs to handle the data flow. The FIFOs can be accessed by using either 8 bit or 16 bit data instructions. During reception the event generated from the FIFO depends on the threshold setting Rx and E. The table gives an overview of how the event flag behavior changes depending on the configuration. It is important to keep the FIFO access balanced with the threshold setting so the data consistency is not lost. During transmission the transmit FIFO occupancy or TXLVL depends on data access. There is a specific event behavior when the transmit FIFO occupancy is higher than half. During transmission the transmit FIFO occupancy or FTLVL and its availability to accept next data or TXE depends on data access. When an 8 bit access is used to store the next data to the upper half of the FIFO, while its bottom half is already occupied, the FIFO status becomes full or FTLVL equals 11. And the system prevents any new access to the FIFO, TXE equals 0, though there is still room available for a new single 8 bit access. The reason is to prevent any new accidental 16 bit access and so any loss of data at this situation. That is why the FIFO capability can never be fully used when an 8 bit data access is applied for data transmission. During protocol level communication the DMA controller can be used to handle the data flow events, the CRC calculations, and the updating of the FIFO threshold automatically. In case of threshold control the last odd data frame is correctly applied in packed mode when the number of frames is not aligned with the packet size. If the CRC is enabled, separated CRC calculators are used for the transmitter and receiver. The CRC calculation result is applied at the end of each transfer automatically by the DMA controller or by software control. Results from the transmitter's CRC calculator register are loaded directly into the shift register and the received CRC value is stored in the FIFO and compared with the receiver's CRC result. The CRC polynomial used for the calculation is programmable and the length of the CRC pattern can be set to either 8 or 16 bit frames. The slave select signal is commonly used by the master node to select the slave node for communication. The slave select signal is always mandatory in multi-master topology and mostly in multi-slave topologies too, except for some very rare and specific cases. For example, when all the slaves receive the same data while no more than one slave is transmitter or when slaves are connected in a daisy chain structure. Though the slave select signal implementation is not always necessary it could be helpful for data flow synchronization in any case. The slave select signal can operate as an input or as an output. The NSS input can be managed by hardware or software depending on the SSM bit in either master or slave modes. As a slave input it is used to identify itself as the active slave for communication. As a master input it signals a potential conflict between masters in a multi-master system. The NSS working as an output is only used in master mode and is managed by hardware in a standard or specific control mode. Additional slave select outputs can be provided by the GPIOs under software control. This may be needed when more separated slave select signals are applied. There are a few enhanced modes when the slave select signal is under specific hardware control. The slave select signal can operate in a pulse mode where the master generates pulses on NSS output signals between data frames for a duration of one SPI clock period when there is a continuous transfer of data. The data is then interleaved by two SPI clock periods. The clock phase is fixed in this mode. Another enhanced mode is the TI mode where the data flow is synchronized by the NSS pulses provided by the master on the last bit of data. The clock polarity and phase configuration is fixed and the slave data output is automatically switched into high impedance when the bus traffic stops and on a specific configurable timeout. Here is an overview of the SPI interrupt events. There are FIFO and error detection events to handle data flows. DMA requests are triggered internally by FIFO threshold events. Here is an overview of the SPI status in specific low power modes. The device is not able to perform many communications in stop, standby, or shutdown mode. It is important to ensure that all SPI traffic is completed before the peripheral enters stop or power down mode. The SPI performance depends mainly on the applied clock. At a minimum, the clock frequency should be twice the required communication frequency. The actual rate of communication can be decreased by application factors. The user has to consider SPI bus loads such as the number of nodes, the connection distance, the input capacitance, as well as the GPIO settings. Fast GPI mode should be applied on the data and clock signals. Lower power supply voltage and extreme ambient temperatures slow down edges. Sometimes slower data hold or setup time requirements have to be respected between nodes. Applications can't always manage the fast data flow due to frequent servicing of exceptions or execution of non-interruptible instructions, for example, like LDMIA. The SPI can be used in a wide range of applications where a simple data transfer is required without the need for a complex communication protocol. Secured transfers are also supported when used with smart cards. This is a comprehensive summary of basic common tips. More details the user can find in the product reference manual. Users should follow specific procedures, checking if any traffic is still running on the bus before low power mode is applied or the peripheral clock is removed to prevent any premature termination of such a transaction flow. It can be ongoing for a time after the DMA channel signalizes transaction complete status or the transmit FIFO becomes empty. The DMA controller should be used to terminate a transaction when a specific control has to be applied which handles CRC or receive FIFO threshold or in receive only mode. Such a control window has to be applied within a short time window available within the last but one data frame transaction exclusively. This ensures the transaction is for the correct amount of data. When DMA and or data packet frames are applied the number of services required to handle the data flow decreases significantly so the system's overall performance increases. This is an effective approach in particular cases where data frames are short the bus communication speed is fast and the data flow is continuous. Hardware management of the NSS pin is not quite necessary when a master communicates with a single slave but it can help to synchronize the data flow between them. There are some additional specific aspects which should be taken into account when designing an SPI network. The receiver always loads CRC information into the receive FIFO. The user has to take into account the additional space needed in the FIFO and to be careful of the CRC information flushing from it. The busy flag should not be used for any data handling but to check the bus traffic stop when terminating a transaction. The BSY bit is not cleared between data frames during the master continuous data transactions. It always goes low for at least one SPI clock cycle between data frames in slave mode no matter whether or not the communication is continuous. When the node transmits data only the receive chain always stays active. Users should ignore all the associated receive and overrun events in this case. When including the CRC the amount of data to be processed by the DMA controller depends on the transfer mode. The number has to be set differently for transmitter and receiver in a full duplex mode. A specific setting has to be applied for receive only mode. There are two SPI instances within the STM32WB and each support all the features we have discussed. I2S feature is not supported. There are some dedicated SPI application notes. To learn more about general SPI connections and interface issues there are many web pages as well as SPI bus monitoring tools available. Many digital oscilloscopes support direct reading and analysis of data and clock signals on the SPI bus. Refer to these other trainings which are linked directly to the SPI. Users should be familiar with all the peripherals that can affect the behavior of the SPI.


Recently my comment section has been filled with people asking what is wrong with your leg and they're not talking about this one. They're talking about this one, so I thought I would take a quick moment to explain why my leg is constantly covered in bruises and looks awful. Two reasons. Number one, I participate in jujitsu which is a high contact, high combat sport.  You know, daily life cuts in bruises happen. But reason number two is that my body doesn't- It's not like a big fan of healing well in my experience. So when I get a cut of bruise, an injury, something like that, like this is from five months ago? It's just never healed. It just doesn't get better. It just looks awful. It doesn't hurt or anything like I'm totally fine. Then we also got this guy which is basically where my body has built up a almost scaly bruised skin patch because I've been using the eye walk so much because I can't use my prosthetic leg. And the good news about that is that doesn't really hurt anymore because our bodies adapt to what we ask them to do and though it might not look pretty, it is effective. So to anyone asking, yes, I am all good. I just participate in a sport that kind of leaves me looking beat up and have a body that doesn't like healing.


Recent studies have shown that the tumor extracellular matrix, ECM, associates with immunosuppression, and that targeting the ECM can improve immune infiltration and responsiveness to immunotherapy. Studies have also identified a tumor-associated macrophage, TAM, population associated with poor prognosis, interruption of the cancer immunity cycle, and tumor ECM composition. This TAM phenotype is generated by the ECM, which has been shown to induce altered T cell marker expression and proliferation. Furthermore, these macrophages share transcriptional profiles with those found in human tissue. Thus, the ECM directly educates this macrophage population found in cancer tissues. Current and emerging cancer therapies that target the tumor ECM may be tailored to improve macrophage phenotype and their downstream regulation of immunity. This article was authored by E.H. Puttick, E.J. Tyler, M. Mani, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Hello, my name is Amy and I'm from South Africa and I've just recently finished studying with international TEFL and TESOL training. I completed two of their online courses, the 120 hour course and the teaching English to young learners which was a specialised course. Both courses were great, the material was clear, understandable and well put together. It gave me a really good idea of what the role of a teacher should be and provided great resources and links for materials that can be used in the classroom. I had a tutor with the 120 hour course and she was really awesome. She was always willing to help me with any questions that I had and she always got back to me in a timely manner. The one thing I didn't like about the course was the videos that were accompanying the units. They were quite boring to watch and in some of them the logo blocked out part of the screen and so it was difficult to see what was being shown. However, if you didn't understand anything in the units they were still really helpful to have. After completing these two courses I applied and have been accepted to teach English in Korea. The work in the units really helped and prepared me for my interview and I feel well prepared for what awaits me in my teaching career. I would highly recommend anyone who wants to start their TEFL journey to take any of the courses with international TEFL and TESOL training. I think it's great value for money and you'll have a really fun experience.


Good afternoon everyone and welcome to the stockswush.com show play of the day, which is what guess what fire Actually, somebody said in the room today that fire should be like a YouTube Hall of Fame I've done so many videos on file love fire and actually I love this today And it really wasn't doing much of anything in the morning actually had absolutely no volume until very very late Actually, what time did the line come in hold on? 915 But it had gap last night It did not gap that much last night as you can see here But I liked it and I had a lot of conviction. It would work This is another great example just like the Korea yesterday where I had a hundred percent conviction This was gonna work today And in fact, I gave the levels in the room of the resistance But I said, you know what I would short this no matter what it did and that's pretty much how I felt about it I that's how I felt about it. I felt like no matter where I shorted I thought it was a short and I and I'm so happy that this work today I love trading file always made money in it and it's just a fantastic gap once again today There is potential for this today to go and break and actually get down to $8 or possibly 775 ish I mean, that's a dream target on this today. This is actually almost a dollar from here. So let's go over it The full-on volume, oops, let me get rid of this here Go back full-on volume and this came in right into the open beautiful beautiful nice movement here stock rally back shorted it came all the way down in and Went actually passed where the first target was I'm almost out of this whole thing I still don't have a piece of it and there was a second set up You actually could have retaken this again here in the five minute added back or take a new train And the same thing here in the 15 minutes set up instead. I have about a quarter of a position left in this I have not added back to this yet I'm actually thinking I might do that But the problem is that my price in this is above nine now serve me to take an ad here It's really gonna hurt my price to take more So I'm just not sure I'm not sure but the longer this kind of beast is here. It's giving me conviction. It's gonna break lower again I don't think this goes right to the next number here between now and 12 o'clock I think this is an all-day play once again kind of like the Kree yesterday for this to get to the bigger number and It has a huge number in sight actually if it ends up breaking at the exact correct time and doing it the exact correct way This is completely on its own a beautiful gap in file And I really made a great call on this today because it really didn't do a lot in the morning to show you that it was gonna work Correctly it really didn't it didn't at all. I just had a feeling it was instinct. I looked at the chart I read the price I liked the gap last night and it worked perfectly today and It's gonna continue This is a chance to get down to break eight dollars today Which is a very nice target and you can add the stop load in this from the morning trade where you're just not gonna Losing it stop right now and what we have left here This is 885 and again, you could have added more to get a new trade there at around 68 ish So nice trade in Fio once again Fio gets the prize and award I think more volume we're selling will come into this today And I think it will continue down if it doesn't I'll be out of it over 885 with profit with what I have of The rest and we'll see exactly when this starts to break But I do think this has been a lot of potential to make a new low in here today Beautiful trade on file the stocks will show play of the day great great solid day today and great solid day yesterday I've just been a really really nice beautiful week. It is early in season It should be like this anyways where you can find beautiful fabulous scabs to do everything right and Fio was one of these today If you're interested in signing up for the Golden Gap class. It's this weekend April 26 and 27 Email me at Melissa at the stocks wish calm. Thanks everybody and have a fantastic day