Okay, very good morning to everyone. It is Thursday the 7th of November. I hope you are well Big headline just come out this morning as we were arriving at the office China says it agreed with the US to roll back tariffs in phases And so before I go into the details here's how the market has responded across asset class a media injection into the Equity index futures. So you see the DAX NASDAQ and S&P 500 futures here a pop on the upside T-notes lower gold lower the Dixie Down and so consequently both major pairs euro dollar top left moving higher cable Also, just testing up it around its pivot and WTI crude as you would expect any De-escalation in the trade war would equate to a removal of those concerns about the impact on global growth And so oil also moving in tandem with the upside that's been seen In regard to equity markets. So, yeah a a sharp and positive response So far, so let me just talk about this news and what's happened first And then I'll talk about some things to consider and my thoughts going forward So starting off go back to the headline China in the US have agreed to Proportionately roll back tariffs on each other's goods in phases according to the Ministry of Commerce of China The amount of tariff relief would come in the first phase Set to be signed in the coming weeks and would depend on the content of that agreement without giving further details so for me the really important point about this headline that's come out is for one this is China who I would say has been a little bit defensive in this part of the most recent dialogue of trade that's been happening and and This is a positive step. They've kind of offered a bit of an olive branch here if you do this will do that however for me the important Player on the tariff side is the US and the US at this point have not yet confirmed that this is the Indeed what's being talked about or how close we are to in fact this actually being Implemented now as per the reasons which we went through in great detail yesterday. I think from the leverage point of view from the US And then also just kind of appeasing the domestic base in that respect. I just think it's still Definitely not a done deal. I don't think the US are gonna come out and just agree to this I actually think that you need to be very vigilant for any moment now going forward But I guess really in a few hours time when we start going into the early hours of the euro or the US open So from around 11 a.m. I would just be very Alert for what did the US say to this latest piece that has come out on Bloomberg citing Some of the the Ministry of Commerce comments from China overnight because for me I still find it a little difficult to believe that the US are gonna agree to this Because there's aforementioned reasons so if that were to be the case then obviously Pump and dump I guess we go back to this kind of very headline responsive world of Positive counteracted by negative remember There's so much Backstory to the political nature of what these two countries are trying to achieve as well as Mitigate the current economic downturn and with that being said I mean here's a graphic of the slump in commerce US trade with China Obviously, we had the trade banners data earlier in the week. I think it was it Tuesday It tumbled in September And so definitely You know economic stress When it gets to a significant degree certainly sharpens the mind. I kind of think that's a real political Point of interest something like brexit for example as much as Brexit seemingly has become such an emotive subject where the electorate is so Full focused on this one singular issue that even though Boris Johnson's deal is worse economically than Theresa May's It just doesn't matter because people it's just about do it or don't do it kind of situation and all the rest is just Detail that's all well and good until people start losing jobs Companies start going out of business and the cost of living starts going up and people get You know there's a tangible difference to people's lives Then you'll soon see people fall into line. That's what history shows us. So here I mean certainly the intensification of the impact of what it's having on exports to China imports from China certainly would suggest then that You know deal making Could well be in the offing Given the fact that they they need to counteract this this impact that it might be having on that on both both economies. So That being said, I still stand by the point there. I mean Here one of the things I was talking about in a briefing yesterday Is the idea that I just saw the market was too overtly positive about the current state of play ie that we were kind of It was an impending inking of a deal on phase one. I just thought was Does the market getting a little bit ahead of itself? Now one of the things that was coming out late yesterday was this idea about where is the summit going to be now The latest reports have suggested that came out yesterday afternoon that trump and g May not be able to sign a partial trade deal until december Now the timeline obviously being pushed back and this is exactly If you follow me on twitter To give myself a bit of a shameless plug my handle is below, but yesterday morning. I was tweeting saying if I was a Audit negotiating table acting as a strategist for president trump I would be why on earth would I cut a deal now? I would absolutely want to take this all the way up until What is it the 15th of december when those tariffs are going to kick in? I would absolutely want to keep my weapon on the table Just to make sure that the chinese implement what it is that they're saying they're going to do and so It being delayed now these talks could be slipping into december I think is absolutely in fitting with that that kind of view. I think you know, you've got to adapt and use the to kind of art of the deal strategy In terms of game theory thinking about what the us are after and what the chinese are likely to do and so on And everything I think has played out in such a fashion thus far Now yesterday I was talking about iowa as one of the reasons of why I think it would be difficult for trump really certainly out of the What difficult one to manage giving it such an agricultural center for us exports particularly soy beans and those kind of soft commodities So iowa and alaska apparently now have been ruled out and I think that's probably Uh a better tactical move from for the us but also for china Let's not forget that you know chinese people And american people are very different culturally And the chinese do not like Uh to lose face. Let's put it And so being able to sign a deal on a more neutral ground or in fact even some locations in asia are being discussed Shows that they're in control of the situation because just like we talk about trump a lot Xi also needs to appease his political base back home in mainland china So one possible location on the neutral front that's being discussed is london Where the two leaders could meet after a nato summit that trump is due to attend on the third to fourth of december I think timing wise that works quite well because Definitely it doesn't mean that come the fourth the second day of that meeting trump's just going to sign a deal with But it means then well what we could have is the next three weeks of the ground work being set to really develop the Details around a lot of the headlines that we're hearing at the moment About the different phasing of potential cancellation of tariffs and so on that's that needs a lot of work This is just headlines we're seeing this morning And then the two leaders meet they kind of discuss the the top level finite points And then perhaps we get closer again the strategy being Keeping that cliff edge deadline is a is a powerful Weapon that I think the americans will want to have and then if there is a deal to be done It gets done at the 11th hour and if a deal does get done Again as we've seen before like this like brexit does the goalpost just get moved again And trump kind of manages the situation drags it out prolongs it a little more as long as the equity market stays where it is It's it's job achieved at the moment other possible sites that have been discussed here europe and asia But the former is more likely With sweden and switzerland among the possibilities. So again this idea of looking for some sort of political neutral ground I mean you're talking about london sweden or switzerland At this point there's probably the likely location. So Yeah, that's uh, that's the main crux of the matter This was the other headline of course what we've just discussed So my summary point here with this headline that's come out this morning is the markets have obviously rallied Now what you're seeing here is a little bit of consolidation of those initial moves. So gold Uh is still lower t notes still lower But we just I feel and rightly so the market is hesitant to really continue that move And I don't think it can until the us come out and for me on the on the on the balance I think that the us Uh are not going to play ball on this issue Even though that this might be the talk underway Even if it is I think the us won't want to show that they're so receptive so early if that makes sense from a political strategy That's my thoughts on that. So just be careful trade headlines will be key and the us responding I'd keep an eye out from 11 a.m onwards as we get into the early hours North america Other stuff we're looking at today. Let's have a quick transition to This is the the very useful i ng crib sheet for the bank of england. I'll get sam to share this in the chat Now while i'm going over it Sam if you could kindly do so um This is the easiest way I find to really summarize what you're looking out for now Long story short the bank of england is likely to be a bit of a bit of a non-event but What I do like with the matrix that i ng do is it just makes life much easier because rather than going through copious amounts of research They just structure it into a nice format of being Top dovish going down more hawkish as scenarios and then from left to right the key areas of which you need to be aware of when Looking and dealing with this bank of england announcement and remember the bank of england announcement today is one of the Eight meetings. This is one of the four where we get the quarterly inflation report now renamed as the monetary policy report Where they unveil their forecasts and we get a press conference of mark carney and the rest of his mpc crew So here the main subject matter of interest of course first and foremost is brexit How explicit are they how do they see the impact of that having on the economy Or can be quite clear to define how hawkish or dovish they are at the moment Because we get the forecasts We're going to get update with growth and inflation and then what about their forward guidance? What do they think about their rate hike path now i ng are going for the third option? Which is a hold in rates so to be clear the interest rate decision today for the bank of england is Absolutely going to be on a hold decision. There's no way they're going to hike or cut and It's almost definitely going to be nine nil They're just not in a position Particularly now with the general election happening in about six weeks time to make any type of decision Specifically on actual physical maneuver of their policy. So hold nine nil Eliminate that from the information you're going to hear upon the immediate release at 12 What you are listening out for then is a statement that they make and how do they describe some of these other things? And then with the court inflation report expectations are that Here's a look at the gloomy outlook. So bloomberg has surveyed All of the analysts on wall street and asked them What do you think about growth and inflation? Now given the fact that 2019 is near at the end We're focused here on 2020 and 21 growth 2020 21 inflation So these second and third one and then the two at the bottom And you can see the the yellow line sharply outweighs the kind of pink one That's showing then that nearly all analysts are expecting downgrades to growth and inflation Now how severe or not those downgrades are that could be point one of interest to dictate how then things might occur After that of which their description of brexit will be key. The other thing then is What do they say about rates now i and g saying they simply reiterate that gradual limited tightening may be needed um a more the most dovish Way that they could phrase their forward guidance on rates would be this top right hand corner removes tightening bias completely Risk one or two members even vote for a rate cut i.e. We get a a seven two split The most hawkish would be hints that market pricing is too dovish and signaling a rate cut is unlikely So again, it's very good to get the The kind of nuances of the language down And this is what makes obviously trading these monetary policy events can be quite tricky But if you have this crib sheet, it definitely makes life easier I definitely agree with what they were saying about a reiteration of the current stance on the rates um here What do I think about brexit or the base cases warns of a period of entrenched uncertainty But notes good news of deal being agreed because at the moment remember I think there is a degree of some neutrality or positivity because of the fact that a deal has been done in principle at least A little bit of progression from where we were with therese therese amaze Failure in her withdrawal bills and now we've got a general election of which the baseline scenario at least for the moment is that potentially this could sort out the impasse in parliament now one thing I would say with that is obviously The election at the moment the pound's been quite a bit more quiet because it's not really going to ramp up until A few weeks time when we hit the 12th of december on election day um one thing is though is that there was a Down tick of about two points for the conservatives in a poll that came out of sky news yesterday One of the things you probably would have read about was jacob reese mog just basically making some Pretty mismanaged comments about the people who died in the grenfeld tower Which is definitely not what borris is going to be wanting going into an election campaign Everyone knows the score with jacob reese mog, of course it kind of Really the press have latched onto it because it solidifies this idea that the conservatives are so out of touch With the normal man.  Why didn't you just get out and not listen to the fireman? Yeah, I mean I don't need to say how how much was wrong of that Given that you're at the moment campaigning to win a popularity contest Definitely is not going to do you any favors Uh, but these sorts of things the you know, tereza may when we had the snap election in 2017 It was conservative complacency that really killed may as well as corbin galvanizing the youth vote Uh, tereza may did a pretty good job at just basically, um Going against the the older demographic by things like the dementia tax and things like that But also I think a degree of complacency now. I think boris is going to have learned from those lessons But he's got to reign in That type of comment from jacob reese mog if he's going to get this done and secure that majority Um, this sort of thing's not moving the market right now. Tori still have a significant gap in the polls And I don't think polls generally speaking Uh, uh that market moving not unless they really start to converge or diverge to a significant degree But if they remain around this seven eight point gap, I think that's the that's not going to move the market for the time being final few points Pretty seesaw in oil oil prices yesterday Particularly to the downside decent sell-off on the fact that you had what a build of 7.9 million in the infantries That was accompanied by the fact that it looks like opec are going to roll over Their policy that is existing at the moment. I think their meeting is on the fourth fifth of december So just about a month away and there were some growing expectations that they were going to do more in terms of the degree of their output cut But it looks like they're not going to do that um, so Little bit of a reversal on the back of the chinese comment from the commerce ministry this morning But we're trading around pivot in the future sam will talk about it more technically But we are still more Uh than 60 down from the high point from yesterday's session before some of that infantry data came out We saw some of the technical breaches on the downside Great look at earnings. There's been quite a few coming out of europe Some of the main movers unicredit the italian bank up about 4% Seamans are actually up 2% better than expected profit comes though with a gloomy outlook But as I said, uh, they beat their profit estimates led by health and software Um, the other notable names lvmh up about one Rolls Royce and a footsie down about three percent Uh are some of the headlines That's pretty much it in terms of the the news coverage from my side quick. Look at the calendar. What else have we got? Bank of england, of course, we've discussed midday, but then you get the Um monetary policy report press conference now, which will be at 12 30 So do keep in mind that's a two-part event in that respect And not really expecting Anything at all in terms of the rate and the vote split very much expected to be unanimous US data as it's thursday the regular weekly jobless numbers We've also Got consumer credit later on but that's not really a market movers. So actually it's pretty quiet in the us front And speaker wise Other than carney later on you've got feds cat plan who's going to be a voter next year. It's going to be later on this evening And then christine the guard as well is scheduled to speak at some point today But no definitive time as yet and some spanish auctions hitting the market as well this morning So actually I think the balance of power for the overall cross asset class an intraday sentiment resides on what the us have to say with this As latest kind of olive branch if you like from the chinese Where apparently the two have agreed to proportionately roll back tariffs on each other's goods in phases According to the chinese side. What do the us have to say? now again not to Push my view too much. I think better to be responsive to the headlines US confirms this is the case We get an extension of the moves already occurred this morning If the us downplays it we get a reversal of the moves seen this morning That's the most binary way. I'll look at this Timings wise. I'd just be alert from any time from around 11 am onwards london time All right, that's it from me hand you over to sam. Have a good day ahead. Thanks guys Good morning. Let's have a a quick look. I guess equity's best place to start considering the the mooter all-time highs in The s and p again and we're just nicely above The the r1 which is in fairness has been relatively choppy. We have a look at this how it's traded since the original push higher and It's been a hard one to get hold of I guess in the morning and trying to get a continuation through just maybe breaking above here, but A hard one to judge where this could really go until ant was saying the us Come in and comment. We're Obviously got some important levels if we have a look to the left hand side Here and the the higher the fourth and the fifth that's acted as an area of support this morning When we've come down, but then You can see I literally just hit that now So this could be the point where you know just looking from a level perspective the reason why we have found The buyers to come back in again So more just technically moving here if we were to push lower at any point As well. I'll just be keeping an eye on the the previous Highers here From yesterday evening. It's coming in around 30 78 looking on the hour. So a couple of key levels that have obviously held quite well So far this morning in terms of where we could go to the upside It's always a pretty tricky one when you're just making new all-time highs each day and No harm in let me just remove the studies here Just seeing if we can get any sort of trend line on and Here just looking on the 240 Let's have a look we can get anything Not for for quite some time. So for now it does seem that stocks are Target-wise are going to be Limited I guess you probably work actually having something like this on the higher there the first of october we Respected it well a couple of times since so that's coming in not far away from the the round number of 3,100 as well so One to keep an eye on the DAX and other equity markets Completely following suit as well. You can see a really big push for the DAX this morning on on those headlines and Also, you can see this trend line here from the high at the fourth to yesterday's high Came back found support not long ago on that once the trend line For whatever reason there you can see a disappear. Let me just draw that on again here There you go. It looks pretty much bang on So a good area support line in the center to have on I would say with Equities pushing on obviously gold could well come under pressure here And it's probably worth having on a bit of a trend line from those lows to see if we can start getting some Sort of respect from that. You can see here. You got one two three tests. It's not the cleanest It has to be said but the way To look at gold may well be just on a break of one of these opportunities to get short Rather than looking to get in In the middle of this mess now you can see we found a couple resistance points and Just by the pivot as well There could be another area to consider but unless we get out of there I'm not really looking to to be too involved. You can see it's just making its mind up Shall we say oil as and said was near the pivot Still trading there decent move lower. Yes, they post does and Completely made sense the final move has to be said and a couple of times We've tried to get above what was those the previous lows from yesterday morning And then afternoon before the announcement Held relatively well worth keeping an eye Just as a couple areas of support below where we're trading by 10 ticks or so But oil you can see over the last couple of days What should we say this week? Each time we have made a new high So going Monday Tuesday Wednesday You can see we just come back down into the afternoon and the failure to really push above That level could be quite significant by the end of the week. You can see Here now looking on 240 You've got those highs from the 24th as a decent area back in the Beginning of October so to be above there a few times as we can failing to close Would be pretty significant. So an area I'll be keeping an eye on come The end of the week But yeah a couple levels to be aware of literally where we're kind of trading now and and those highs And then down to 56 56 below where we're trading the pound We'll see ahead of the Bank of England Probably not going to be the best opportunity to trade that even At at 12 o'clock when that announcement comes but again similar with a couple of the dollar pairs just Pushing higher this morning of those those comments. You can see where we're trading now looks quite similar to Oil almost with those previous lows It's a pretty key point and the pounders actually behaved relatively well technically when we have broken Previous lows like you saw yesterday evening We just come back for that first real test there So we'd expect it to hold for now in terms of levels to be aware of well Obviously the the higher point of yesterday is the current low from the retracement But back below there. I'll be looking towards 128 64 Definitely feels like there's better markets to trade other than pound at the moment I reckon until the polls start getting serious or have any sort of change It's just going to drift towards the the election The euro decent push lower yesterday Well limited it has to be said but a decent move from the pivot Which I know a few people got in and the the move to what would have been when when looking at yesterday The previous days low from Tuesday did take its time, but eventually got down there At half five just coming back to retrace here on a bit of dollar weakness. So This area similar with the pounds from previous lows Another test of this could well see a move higher and our one looks like a good place where it could then slow down a touch as well So a quick look over see how yes and peers behaving you can see here It's it's while it did find support on that point I think no harm it does stay in On the side does until we get a bit more confirmation from certainly the the u.s On this deal As for now, it's just trying to take in whether it's going to be have a follow through or actually We actually look for that retracement all the way Any questions as usual? Please do let us know Obviously we'll be on the the mic throughout the day and looking forward to the bank of england at 12 But very much looking like it's going to be a non-event that I hope you have a good day And I'll catch you all in the chat


My name is Eugene Sylvester. I'm the head of the Consumer Commercial Division at Roscoe Procom Ltd. Roscoe Procom is a part of the Augustini Group. We have four divisions in Roscoe Procom. I wanted to just give you all a quote from an Irish author. And he once said, his name is George Bernard Shaw. And George Bernard Shaw said, youth is wasted on the young. He says that young people waste their youth by engaging in trivial pursuits that does not carry them anywhere. But in general, from what we see in the media and on social media, we know some of our compatriots are lost. In everything you do, balance, right? In work, in play, in school academics, in linemen, in football, balance. So right now, most of your 18, 19, that kind of age moving into the second decade of your life or the third decade of your life, you've got to be doing something different. You've got to have a plan for that decade. And then when there is 30, an next plan. I can't tell you what that plan is. You have to know what it is you want to achieve. Unless you went away feeling uncomfortable, that is when you're growing the most. Continuous learning, keep learning. When I say learning, I don't mean going back to school, academics, not necessarily, but learn something new all the time, a new skill. I would encourage other corporate sponsors to consider being a part of youth sponsorships, youth in sports. Sport is an activity that encourages good attitudes and behaviors and instills discipline, teamwork, and it provides an outlet for that energy that they have. Our sponsorship of the Prez Lyon football team gives us immense pride as a management body and employees as well as the organization. All right, welcome back to the Sports Mac Zone. We continue with football of the schoolboy variety. Having already secured the title, our lady of Fatima College will seek to close their Trinidad and Tobago Secondary Schools football league campaign in style when they face St. Mary College on Friday. Fatima crowned SSFL champions in dramatic fashion last Saturday after they came from a goal down in the second half injury time to beat Naprima College to one and clinch their first national league title since 1978. Their assistant coach, Hisham Gomes, joins us on Zoom to discuss his team's historic title triumph. Good afternoon, Hisham. How are you? Good afternoon. Thanks for having me. Congratulations. You know, I know Fatima College have worked and waited for this day. How does it feel? It's a tremendous feeling for the college, the community, also for the North because our school is located in the North and I think at the start when they reintroduced the premiership league, I think it was only one in the South. So it's a very, very great time for the community and for the school itself and their supporters alike. Yeah, I have to agree because even in my time growing up in Trinidad and Tobago, the South schools were dominating. It was either Naprima Boys, Prez or St. Benedict's College that walked away with the title time after time. So now you have created history with this team. Talk to me about the calibre of players that was able to achieve this feat. First of all, let's not say me because it's a team and the school is pretty much resourceful. It's a great, great feeling to be able to set some goals with a bunch of young men, along with the other technical staff coaches and be able to come to fruition. It's a really, really great feeling. One of the things... Go ahead. We started our process in late June and we talk about nutrition, we deal with in-house camp, a lot of training and it's a tremendous feeling to see these boys achieve one of the goals that they set out to accomplish this season. And one of the things about Fatima College is it's known for academic excellence.  Now that Fatima College has won this title and it's a prestigious one, especially where schoolboy football is concerned, do you think, you know, of course it's going to be expected now that you uphold that dominance where football is concerned? I would say it is expected because our fans, our supporters, our sponsor, our principal, the head of the Holy Ghost fathers, Father Gregory, they hold us to very, very, very high standards. I would say, I would go as far as to say that we have probably, I don't want to say the brightest, but I would say we have a team that has attained the best academic record in the league because of the standards that they put on the players, on the coaches and on Fatima Old Boys Association, which is also another big sponsor. And then we have the security zone, which is a major sponsor as well, our head sponsor. And they put a lot of pressure on us in academics and also on the field. Yeah, Hisham, I know you had won the inter-call title coming into the season, into the new season, but how much did it take to make the step up to land the premiership, which obviously is the more prestigious of the titles? I would say learning experience, doing your homework properly because we were runners-up last year. So it was about knowing we wanted this trophy because they haven't won it since 1978. And previously, before that, I thought I think it was 1973. So this one here has been eluding the North Zone or the rest of the zones in the nation and also Fatima. So this one we really wanted. I mean, we want all, of course, but this one we knew we set a goal to achieve it by our head coach and our technical director, Mr. Hudson Charles, who is arguably the winningest schoolboy football coach in Trinidad and Tobago, based on his record. Yeah, I'd mentioned last week on the show that Fatima is a school that can boast some world stars in sport, Fran Lara and Atto Bolden, who are former students at Fatima. But talk to us about the difficulty in winning this championship because there were some good competition that you were facing. I saw San Juan North, I think, with Lindell Swim, very, very talented player, one of several talented players in the San Juan North team. You know, teams like that were tough. Were they the toughest on your course to the title and how did you feel about the opposition you faced? Well, according to Hudson Charles, Hudson Barbara Charles, who's a former national player that was on the brink of making it to the World Cup back in 1990. Yeah, the strike squad. The strike squad, you know it. He always maintained our next game is the most important game and every game is like a final. We also have Mr. Russell Sutton, Coach Russell Sutton, who they have been friends since about 13 years old and they played for the regiment and for the national teams. So we have a very, very, very strong unit of technical coaches throughout the entire college from form one all the way up to upper six. I don't know if you call it upper six in Jamaica, but we call it, you know, upper six form. Yes. And we always stress to the boys that the next game was the most important game. Sauer was a tough team. We came back to beat them 5-2 with 10 men. Same thing with Naparima. We came back to beat them with 10 men. So after the game, I was like, maybe we should just form a system with 10 players and see what happens because we just somehow find the grit and the tenacity to respond and get a positive result when we go down. You know, and everybody wants to beat Fatima because rightfully now we have a lot of talent. We are very deep in most positions. So it's very difficult to want to see us do well. We know that for a fact. And maybe we have that chip on our shoulders of consciously and find a way to dig it out. But Naparima was tough. Sauer was tough. St. Benedict is always like a thorn in our spine. I'm sure we're probably going to see them again. But you have to take one game at a time. And our goal was to try to win the league before it was finished, before the last day, because we knew that those difficult teams have to play each other as well and points will be lost somewhere along the line. So once we take your business, we will be fine. Yeah, one more thing, Hashim, because I remember going to Fatima probably 10 or 12 years ago. And I seem to remember the school compound having like an undersized football field. Does that still exist? Because it is not a football field that you could train properly on for a real match, is it? No, no, no, no. Let me talk a little bit, Creole. What had happened was, is that you didn't come on the side of the field where the real ground is. It's on the other side of the road. On the road. You came into the school compound and saw the little quadrangular where we have interhouse and interclass sports. He probably wasn't allowed. You didn't see on the other side of the road. Across the road, yes. Yeah, yeah.  Fatima leads scoring in the Premiership with 49 goals and a couple of youngsters, I think, have done extremely well, over 20 goals between them. Michael Chavez and Aidan DeGones, I just want to get your thoughts on what they brought to the team this season. You're talking about two guys that you can tell are passionate about what they do. Even when things aren't going how they want it to go, they would still put in the effort after practice or they, we might say, take the day off and you catch them on the field. What are you guys doing on the field? And that is not just limited to those two players. They have their personal goals in life as well, but you can tell that they are passionate about their school and the community and they put in the work for it. They definitely deserve to get all the accolades that they get along with the rest of the team. I don't want to limit anybody because it's not golf, we're playing on tennis. And in just about 15 or 20 seconds, you close out the season, final match of the premiership on Friday. How important is it for your team to go out there and finish strongly? Yes, you have the title, but as champions now, I suspect that you want to really press that home and say to the remainder of the teams, we're champions this year and we're going to be difficult to beat next year again and we're going to lay down yet another marker, even from now. Well, I would say that at the start of the season, we said if we wrapped it up, we would shut off engines to get prepared for, I think the equivalent of your... Is it ISSA or ISSA? ISSA. ISSA. The equivalent of your ISSA Championship Cup, which is our Intercont. Yes.  It's a school that I actually attended, St. Mary's College. They're both Holy Ghosts run like the Jesuits of St. George's. So there is no Latin dung, and it is my hope that they get a proper spanking tomorrow.  That is totally fine. Oh, wow. That is totally fine. Spank them. If I worked at my old school, then I wouldn't be saying that, but I am where I am now. I live in the present. Oh, wow. And there is no mercy for anybody. Yeah, but your Hudson Charles went to East Moor Karrupo, didn't he? Yes, and what you need to know is that the relationship with the three of us is... They are separated in Trinidad and Tobago by a wall. There is a wall. They actually, in their school boy days, they had a key for the gate, and they would practice six o'clock in the morning, and Fatima would practice in the evening. It's just a wall. But there is a brotherly love, and then I came from a rival school, so none of us attended Fatima, which is probably, I would say arguably, one of the best schools you can coach for because you get support from every facet of the... All branches of the school and all the moving parts that bring this together. All right, well, Esham, it was a pleasure chatting with you here on the Sports Mac Zone. Best of luck in your final game, and we'll be watching you very closely next season. Well, hopefully we can live up to the intercal cup, and it was a pleasure. Thank you for the interview, and we will see what happens tomorrow. All right, very, very spicy interview there. Esham Gomes, the assistant coach of Fatima College, winning that SSFL title. Let's take a break. We'll be back.


The principle of systemic integration leads to interpret different rules of international law in a harmonious way. Therefore, it promotes the avoidance of conflict between international obligations. However, harmonious interpretation is not always possible, so that situations exist where a state is facing conflicting obligations. It will be impossible for that state to perform one obligation without breaching another one at the same time. In such a situation, which obligation should prevail, which obligation should be preferred? Before answering that question, it is important to set aside what could be called fake situations of conflict between obligations. Situations where two irreconcilable obligations are not owed at the same time by the same subject. Most obviously, and I'm just repeating here things that you know already, most obviously there is no conflicting obligations when a treaty derogates from a general rule of customer international law. The treaty obligations will be owed between the parties to the treaty, while the parties will have to respect the customer rule in their relations with third parties. And most of the time, the principle of systemic integration will also help to accommodate the coexistence between the treaty obligations on the one hand and the customer rule on the other. Furthermore, no situation of conflict between obligations exists in the rather hypothetical case where a treaty is void because it conflicts with the peremptory norm of general international law. Because the treaty will be void, no obligation will be owed under the treaty and no conflict of obligations will exist. In such a situation, there is of course a conflict between two sources of international law, but such conflict does not result in a conflict of obligations between the obligations under the treaty will not be owed since the treaty will lack validity. Another fake conflict situation exists when all the parties to a treaty later conclude another treaty relating to the same subject matter. And that all the provisions of the new treaty are so far incompatible with the earlier treaty that the two treaties as a whole cannot be applied at the same time. In such a situation, and as recalled by article 59 of the Vienna Convention, in such a situation the old treaty is terminated and the parties must only apply the new treaty. Because the parties to the two treaties are identical, this does not raise any problem. If that is the case, there would be no conflicting obligations because the obligations under the old treaty are not owed anymore and have been replaced by the obligations under the new treaty. So it is important to keep in mind that a real situation of conflicting obligations requires that several valid obligations be simultaneously owed by the same subject, but that those obligations cannot be performed at the same time because performing one entails the violation of the other one. Situations of conflict, true situations of conflict between international obligations are not frequent in practice, but they may nevertheless exist most notably between treaty obligations. And those conflicts arise essentially because the production of international law, as you know, is not a centralized process. In case of conflicting obligations, one possible solution is to consider that one obligation prevails over the other one. The obligation being overruled is not void, but it is simply set aside as long as the conflict remains. And this is what Article 103 of the United Nations Charter provides for. Under Article 103, obligations of the UN member states under the Charter prevail over their obligations under any other international agreement. In other words, the Charter and the obligations arising under the Charter, and notably as we shall see at the end of the course, notably the obligations imposed by the Security Council through binding resolutions, those UN obligations endure hierarchical supremacy. Paragraph 1 of Article 30 of the Vienna Convention and Article 30 is the provision of the Convention about conflicting obligations. Paragraph 1 of Article 30 refers to Article 103 of the UN Charter. No other treaty but the Charter and the obligations flowing from it enjoy a similar and automatic supremacy. And of course, if several treaties had a similar legal supremacy, the very notion of supremacy would run into trouble. Another possibility is that to use the word of Article 30 paragraph 2 of the Vienna Convention, I quote, a treaty specifies that it is subject to or that it is not to be considered as incompatible with an earlier or a later treaty. If that is the case, then the provisions of the earlier or later treaty prevail, depending on the choice made. And such a situation is actually not uncommon in practice. For instance, under Article 351 of the treaty on the functioning of the European Union, treaties concluded by EU member states with third states before they acceded to the Union are said to be not affected by the EU treaties. And this means concretely that EU member states can validly disobey its EU obligations. If that is needed in order to perform a treaty, it concluded with a third state before joining the Union. However, the member state is also bound under Article 351 to, I quote, take all appropriate steps to eliminate the incompatibilities between the obligations under the pre-accession treaty concluded with the third state and the obligations under EU law. The duty to eliminate the conflict between those two types of obligations has been interpreted by the European Court of Justice as requiring that the pre-accession treaty be terminated by the member state if such possibility exists under international law. And of course the termination of the pre-accession treaty puts an end to any conflict of obligations. In other treaties, the preference for one treaty is expressed by a provision declaring that the application of the treaty cannot be impeded by other agreements. And for instance, under Article 91 of the Cottonoo Agreement establishing a partnership between the EU and its member states on the one hand and ACP countries, Cottonoo Agreement that you know, the contracting parties declare that, I quote, no treaty convention agreement or arrangement of any kind between one or more member state of the union and one or more ACP states may impede the implementation of this agreement, end of quote. Sometimes a treaty contains a commitment not to conclude agreements that would conflict with the treaty. And for instance, under Article 8 of the Washington Treaty of 1949 which established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO member states undertook under that article, I quote, not to enter into any international engagement in conflict with this treaty, end of quote. And such commitment can be interpreted as a conflict rule from the point of view of the members of NATO. In all those cases, it is not too difficult to decide which obligation must prevail. But what happens when there is no conflict rule inserted in one of the conflicting treaties? Well, that is the question we'll address in the next video.


Good evening everyone and thank you for joining us today. This is the second press conference of EGU 23, which is the annual meeting of the European Geosciences Union. I'm Gillian D'Souza. I'm EGU's media and communications officer and I would like to welcome our wonderful speakers today. I will quickly go into introducing them in a couple of minutes, but I wanted to share that this year we've got about 17,000 abstracts submitted to EGU's meeting and our press conferences are here to highlight some of the best and most unique studies with you. So each press conference will have time for speakers to make their presentations followed by a question and answer period at the end. If you're joining us virtually, then save your questions to the end and we will come to you in the last 10 to 15 minutes of the press conference. So I'm going to now go ahead and introduce speakers to make for faster transitions. This press conference is titled Emirates Mars Mission. First results from Deimos Mars' mysterious moon. Our speakers today are Hessa Al Matrushi from she's the Emirates Mars Mission Science Deputy Project Manager, Mohammad Bin Rashid Space Center Dubai UAE. Then we have Justin Deegan, who's research scientist, laboratory for atmospheric and space physics, University of Colorado Boulder, US. And then we have Christopher, who's associate professor, department of astronomy and planetary science, Northern Arizona University, US. And we are now ready to hear from all three of them. But before that, we have a super cool stunning video for you to kick things off. So when we have the slides loaded, feel free to just jump in and take over. Thank you. Okay. The mic is working. Yes. Okay. So welcome everyone. We're here to present the first results that we got from the Deimos campaign from the Emirates Mars Mission. I would like first to start and introduce the Emirates Mars Mission Science. So we started the science phase in 2021, and the mission was designed to study the Martian atmosphere for a full Martian year. So we're able to get a comprehensive image of the Martian atmosphere and its layer to study it through all the seasons and to understand what's happening from day to night for a full Martian year. For that, we do have three scientific objectives. We're looking into the weather systems in the lower atmosphere. We're looking into the upper atmosphere. It's the escape of hydrogen and oxygen. And we're even studying the link in between them. This is why the mission was designed. And for that, we do have three scientific instruments. The first one is called the Emirates Mars infrared spectrometer. So this is where we're looking at Mars from the Thurman infrared band. And we're taking information about the lower atmosphere. The second one is the Emirates Exploration Imager EXI. This is where we're taking beautiful, visible images of Mars. And we do have bands on the ultraviolet as well. And then the third one is the Emirates Mars ultraviolet spectrometer. This is the instrument that we're using to look at Mars from the extreme ultraviolet and the far ultraviolet, studying the upper atmosphere of Mars. Using these instruments and the science objectives that we had, the mission was designed to give us novel science, a new science that is needed from the community to get the first. And the first thing that we aim to is to get the first global seasonal and urinal coverage of the full Martian year for the Martian atmosphere. So you can see from the plots that we have in here, that we do have a full coverage, seasonal coverage. We do look at Mars globally from the different instrumentations and bands. And while we do have such beautiful coverage and comprehensive one, we're able to get discoveries as well from the viewpoint that we had. So we were able to get our first global views of the aurora, where we discovered the sinuous discreet aurora, as well as the patchy proton aurora. And we were able to look at things that we haven't expected, like we're looking at complex structures in the upper atmosphere, things that we haven't seen before. So what I'm trying to say is the mission is unique in the way that it looks at Mars, and it's revealing events and phenomena that we haven't seen before. Summarizing the science that we have done in numbers. So we have 20, more than 20 scientific papers published in peer review and under review right now. We have more than 115 participations and conferences since Mars orbits insertions. So we're always talking about the results that we're doing from this mission. We have more than two terabyte worth of data publicly available for researchers and scientists to use. And we have seen a lot of engagement as well from the public using the data. And there is more than 4.5 terabyte of data that had been downloaded and we've seen a lot of engagement in social media people using the data, which we're very proud of. With all the science, this was enabled by a very unique orbit in comparison to other Mars missions. The orbit that we have from Hope has a very wide elliptical shape. It's 20,000 kilometers by 43,000 kilometers. And what you can see in there is an opportunity to absorb data very close by an opportunity that wasn't available to spacecraft before because they were very much close to Mars. So we've seen this opportunity and we knew that this is something that we want to do, but we were focusing on the primary science objectives until we came into the end of the primary science mission, which is to think of this year, where we saw a fit time to absorb the Martian moon, Deimos. So let me give you some information about the Deimos campaign. So we started this campaign late January this year. We had our closest approach to Deimos at around 100 kilometers on March 10, 2023. So about a month and a half before. We took observations for Deimos from our three scientific instruments. And for us to get this result, we've made minor maneuvers, three of them, to the orbit. The orbit didn't change in terms of shapes, but these minor maneuvers enabled us to have a closer look at Deimos, and it enabled future opportunities to look at Deimos after this encounter. We're promising more data to come on Deimos as well. And the good thing that we're very excited about that our science has been consistent, although like we're making Deimos observations with made small maneuvers, this is not impacting our science observations. So we will still sample the Martian atmosphere as we used to do in the primary science mission. So why we're observing the Deimos as a moon? What's exciting about it? So Deimos is one of the two Martian moon. It's the smaller one and it's the further away from it. It's because of these two things, it had been less observed so we don't have a lot of information about it. Not a lot of measurements have been done before. And there is the debate and science questions open about the origins of both Deimos and Phobos, like where they captured asteroids, or are they coming from Mars impact debris? So these open questions, there is an opportunity to get them answered using the observations that were given. This is the science motivation behind this campaign. And now I would like to give the floor to Justin, which will give us insight on what we've been able to achieve throughout the Deimos campaign. All right. Thank you, Hessa. So as Hessa said, I will start walking through the observations that we've collected with EMM and then I'll turn it over to Christopher. So, first of all, it's worth walking through how we observe Deimos. So this is a flyby. This is some of the closest flybys since the 70s when the Viking orbiters first observed Deimos. We're able to do many more of these than previous missions for the reasons that Hessa described. And what we have up on the screen here is a short animation of images taken by the EXI instrument. So this is using one of its visible filters. And you can see the geometry of the flyby in the panel on the right. This is to scale. And so hopefully it will. There we go. So you can see the spacecraft comes in. And this is the approach at closest approach. We were just about 100 kilometers away from the object. And you can see Mars there in the background. And then we move away again. And so you can see that in order to observe Deimos continuously, we had to rotate the spacecraft. All three instruments are on an observation deck. And we're able to simultaneously observe throughout this time period. And we'll let that run through one more time. And we'll talk more about these data or Christopher will talk more about this data in several minutes. So as I said, the orbit allows us to obtain systematic information. We're able to do these flybys repeatedly, which is a new opportunity. What we're going to be presenting here was acquired on March 10 during the closest flyby. And we'll be doing a number of these before and after. And as has to mention, we'll be doing more of them in the future later this year. So these data sets are unique, but they are building on previous observations made by other spacecraft and from telescopic observations. We're hoping to learn and what we will talk about in a moment in terms of preliminary results are trying to distinguish between what the possible origin scenarios for these objects are. And so understanding what we know about Phobos and Deimos and comparing and contrasting helps us understand, you know, how to interpret these objects either as captured asteroids as being coalesced material from a Mars impact being debris from a moon that broke up at some point in the past. You know, these are all things that people speculated about. So you can see some highlights here we have images from in the infrared from emers in the visible from EXI and in the far ultraviolet from emus. So I'm going to talk next about some of the emus observations and more detail and then Christopher will walk us through the years and the EXI observations. So emus is the most sensitive ultraviolet spectrometer that has ever orbited Mars. That's important for these observations because Deimos is very dark, just a couple of percent reflectivity. And the sun is not very bright in the far ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet. So that sensitivity means that emus is very well suited for this kind of novel observation. Now, in terms of scientific utility of these observations. There's actually a lot you can learn about a small body like this in the extreme and far ultraviolet, because those wavelengths depend on the composition of the body, whether it has organics, or if it's made of more basaltic rocky material, and also how much space weathering body has experienced over the course of the solar systems history. So in on this image, trying to explain a little bit about how emus makes a picture, unlike the EXI camera, emus is a spectrometer, and it requires the spacecraft to scan it across an object in order to make a 2D image. And so I'm going to run a little animation here that shows you the data on the detector of the instrument on the left. And the field of view is shown on the right as that magenta stripe. So we call this the air glow slit. And so you can see how as the field of view scanned across to Deimos, the signal comes and goes in the image on the left. And what you're seeing here is a spectral spatial image. And so the spectral dimension we gain information about the composition and the reflectivity of the object. And this just shows there's a real wealth of information. There's a full spectrum behind every pixel of the images that we acquire. There's some other things to note. We can see stars in the background. Some of these are very faint stars that you would not be able to see with your naked eye. And then Mars actually goes by in the background as well. So to talk a little bit about the science that we can pull out of these images. This is a two color composite. And what we've done here is that the red channel contains an image when we add up all of the light that was collected by emus within its band pass from 100, 260 nanometers. The blue is a specific wavelength that is scattered sunlight from hydrogen. And this actually fills the solar system. And so what we're seeing in this image is the fact that the hydrogen sort of backlit lights this image of Deimos. And so you can see the dark edge the night side of Deimos in its silhouette against the glowing sky and hydrogen.  Okay, and then finally, this is the measured Deimos spectrum. This is an average reflectance spectrum for the object. You can see that the general structure is consistent with reflected sunlight. The sun has a lot of emission features that are well understood in this range. So this all looks pretty well as expected. When we divide that out we're able to see what the reflectance of the surface is. And that's the image on the bottom panel. You can see that this is a relatively flat spectrum. There aren't a lot of features after we do that division. And so, this is actually pretty important results. Because if Deimos were a D type asteroid, which is one of the hypotheses, we would expect to see some signatures of organics or carbon rich minerals. And those are not apparent in the spectrum. They're, they're, they're very new. And so this is suggestive that Deimos is not in fact a D type asteroid, and may align some support to the Martian material source offices. So with that, I will turn it over to Christopher and tell us more about years and EXI. Thanks, Justin. So some of the things that we did with the other two instruments are very complimentary to the, the music instrument. And so we have two additional instruments. I'm going to talk about the infrared spectrometer first. And then we'll talk about the camera and we'll save the pretty pictures for last. So Emirs is a Fourier transform infrared point spectrometer. And so just kind of like Emuse has to build up an image with time. So does Emirs. And so each little spot that you see there is about a two second integration. And what you'll notice is that, you know, some spots are bigger, some spots are smaller, that corresponds to when the spacecraft was moving by Deimos faster. So when you have kind of these smaller spots, it's closer to the body when you have bigger spots, it's further away. So both for Emirs, we broke up our scans into sort of three separate observation time periods we had the kind of incoming the closest approach and then the outgoing, and that allowed us to really tune the observation strategy to get the best covers that we can could. One of the interesting things that I even think we weren't necessarily expecting to be able to do. But because of that geometry that Justin showed where you are kind of coming in from the pole and then looking you know, you would basically rotate the spacecraft, we're actually able to get almost complete coverage of the body. And that we can, you know, you can see it here basically there's only a thin, thin area where we weren't able to see. And so that's that's pretty unique, actually as well. And these are the highest resolution infrared data that we have of Deimos, a similar data set was taken by the Mars goal surveyor test instrument thermal emission spectrometer instrument, which is the fifth generation, this is the fifth generation version of that their heritage instruments to one another. And that was done for Phobos. So we have a really great data set to already compare Deimos to which has has never been done before. So, what can we learn from emears, there's a couple of interesting things that we can take away. So the first thing that you can do with emears in the infrared is you can measure how much energy is emitted from the surface. So that means you can tell the surface temperature from that surface temperature, we can actually get a sense of the physical properties of the surface we can say oh is it made of course green things like you might see on other asteroids in our solar moon, the new or Ryu goo, which are made of these nice blocking materials, or is it super fine grain material like we maybe see on the moon right the moon's regular is this super fine grained powder. And so, what we see with Deimos is that it falls more on the line of a very fine grain particulate material, you know, in order of sort of micron size regular covering the entire service that's also really consistent with Phobos. So it's kind of more like the moon's surface than some of these other asteroids that we've seen before. The other thing that's kind of interesting is that when you look at the poles of Deimos when you have these kind of areas that are shadowed, they are very low temperature they are about 100 Kelvin. They're very low within the range that you can actually trap the volatiles at least on kind of a short timescale so we don't think there's probably permanently shadowed regions like you see on the moon, or anything like that on Deimos but we do think there are times and there are seasons because of the way that Deimos works that you might be able to kind of temporarily traps and volatiles on this surface. So, in addition to that thermophysical data or that temperature data, we're able to take spectral data so Amir's has about 150 different wavelengths that it can measure. And from those measurements we're able to do a comparison to both previous spacecraft data, but also laboratory data. And then we can say, you know, we have a sample of Tagish Lake, for example, which is what you're seeing here on the left and that's a good example for a D type asteroid. And so we can measure those samples in the lab. This is from a paper that I was a part of in 2018 where we did measure Tagish Lake in the lab and compared it to those test results for Phobos. Now if we take the same, you know, analogy and we compare those data to what we see from Amir's from Deimos, we can see that there's some pretty interesting similarities, but also some important differences. And so the similarities between tests and Phobos indicate that these two things are, you know, probably made of similar materials although they're a little bit different. And then the second thing that we can pretty definitively say is their spectra or their spectral properties don't look like a D type asteroid. And so they're more consistent with basaltic material, which would be a volcanic rock, which is what Mars is made of. And so those two things, when you couple Amir's compositional information with the lack of organics and carbon bearing minerals that you see from Amir's, those again lend to the interpretation that these are in fact not D type asteroids, but in more likely scenario we think derived from Mars, probably from some giant impact. The interesting part about that and it raises questions about and helps us start to understand questions like why does our solar system and some of the rocky bodies in our solar system have, you know, why do they have different moons, why does Earth have a giant moon, maybe Mars has these kind of two tiny moons, Venus has no moon, Mercury has no moon. So it tells us a little bit about sort of the diversity of really planetary processes that may be going on in our solar system. And so there's some definitely interesting things about that going on here. So EXI is our high resolution imager that we have on board the Amir's Mars mission. It's a filter wheel based imager. So unlike your camera, it has to take a picture and then it moves a little filter wheel to a different band pass and then it takes, you know, it's blue picture and it's red picture. And so there's a time delay between these different images that get acquired, no matter what we do, like your camera that, you know, takes red, green and blue all at the same time. So from EXI we're able to capture this fine scale morphology or surface appearance at better than 10 meters per pixel over, you know, basically the entire far side of demos. And so what we see from this is that the surface is pretty smooth. You can see some fresh craters in this image and you can see some really pretty degraded craters in this image, which is maybe a little surprising for such a small body. And what we kind of can interpret with that as well as that kind of very fine grained surface that we are seeing from Amir's data is probably, you know, exactly what we expect to see in these high resolution images. So just to kind of wrap up, here's an image taken that has both demos and Mars in it, pretty spectacular, you know, set of images here. And then so the summary here that we'll end on is that, you know, emm has modified its orbit, very minorly to enable these really close flyblies and we expect to see these happen pretty regularly in the future on the cadence of a couple of couple of times, or once every couple of weeks, there we go. And the question then is like, how often do we observe that? Well, we'll do it when we get below kind of a unique science threshold, right? So we won't necessarily take every time to do this, but we'll be strategic about that so we can make sure we're observing demos in different lighting conditions or geometries that can help further refine some of these questions that we have. So EMIRS has produced these FEVEV spectral images, they're super fantastic as Justin talked about and to help us constrain those organics on the surface. EMIRS has this highest thermal infrared, highest resolution thermal infrared data taken that help us constrain its composition and physical properties of the surface. And then EXI has these really nice high resolution images that provide a kind of synoptic view of the body, so all at once that will continue to leverage as we go forward. And so the kind of preliminary analysis that we have right now suggests that these are, or that both our leading demos and FOBOS are not captured asteroids, but in fact maybe pieces of Mars that have coalesced after a large impact. And then we'll just leave it with this image up here, so here's a color composite taken by the red, green and blue channels of EXI and yeah, that's a pretty fantastic image I think. Thank you all three of you for that very interesting presentation and that's the perfect segue Chris into our next part of the press conference which is the question and answer round. So if anyone has questions, if you're in the room, please raise your hand I'll pass the mic over to you, you can introduce yourself and then let us know who you have your question for. If you're joining us online you have two options you can raise your hand on the zoom function and then we'll come to you for your question you can also type your question in the chat and we will take it that way. So if anyone wants to go, we have one already. Hello. Have you seen anything that can tell a little bit about the age of the most, and also the effects that the space wearing and being so long out there in the space can happen the spectrum. That is composition. Yeah, so there are certain, you know, expected effects of space weathering I think we're just getting to the point where we can, you know, we've said the things that we're confident about today. But there's a lot more analysis to do. And actually, at least for the ultra violet. One of the limiting factors is what we know about how various materials behave under the effects of space weathering. So, one of the things that may happen is that we realize their laboratory experiments that need to be done. In order to better, you know, understand what kinds of materials could explain the spectrum that we've uncovered wouldn't be the first time people looked at an object at Mars and saw things in the ultra violet that weren't expected and we had to go do lab work to figure out what we were looking at. Yeah, so as far as the age goes, I think the kind of smoothness of the surface and the relatively crater free thing, the relatively crater free appearance of the surface kind of give some indication that, you know, I think the surface is, is probably pretty old, because you're seeing kind of this destruction of craters and you can see like there's actually one on the screen right here that's sort of on the left side, I guess, of that crater that on the left side of demos that looks pretty, you know, degraded. And so I think we're seeing, you know, either one, the body is not very competent. So it's not retaining its craters. And they're kind of breaking down quickly or, you know, I think that personally I think that's what's happening at this point but it's hard to say kind of explicitly but the surface is pretty smooth like I think I would expect more craters, you know, if it was a super old body. But that could also be an influence of how close it is to Mars as well right so maybe the impactors are getting pulled to Mars as opposed to hitting this thing. I don't know. It's the short version. Okay, we have another question coming in. Yes, thanks a lot. Rich, please see three lands journalists writing for physics world. Any measurements of demos. Brett with and compared to the sister moon to So, a lot of those actually had kind of come into existence already from from previous measurements for from previous observations and so what we're doing here really is kind of refining those measurements and especially taking into account the far side And so I will get the numbers wrong but it's like the size or a little less it's like 12 kilometers across versus Phobos which is quite a bit bigger.  But yeah, it's about two times smaller and so some of the things that we're, you know, looking forward to and just like with the rest of EMM data is that we publish these data, you know, freely right so anybody can go get these data. And one of the things that we're anticipating the community is going to do is update the shape model for demos, which will be, you know, a very large asset for future missions coming up like MMX by JAXA. So we think there's a lot of synergies between this kind of work that we're doing now that will will help prepare for some of these upcoming missions. We don't have any more questions. There don't seem to be any questions from our virtual journalists so if there are no more questions in the room then we are quite ready to wrap up today's press briefing. So, okay, doesn't look like more questions. Oh, you do. Okay, sure. So what was there anything that's like unexpected or surprising. So first I'll say what I think. So some of the things that I think were sort of surprising to me were were basically that the spectrum of phobos and demos are are not the same. I was expecting them to be more similar, to be honest, measured by similar instruments, you know, all things kind of held constant. So the fact that they're not quite the same is really interesting. And so there's definitely a story in there. Maybe one is, you know, more Mavic than the other, which kind of jives a little bit with the brightness story so phobos is a lot brighter than demos or phobos I think it's two times brighter or something. And so there's that's kind of one surprise to me, I think, as far as the spectral interpretation goes, I think that's also a pretty big surprise, because that's something that, you know, again, we're sort of hoping narrow down these two competing frequencies for this moon or these moons, both of them really, you know, if we saw one that looked one way and one that looked completely different. I think that would be also unexpected but instead what we're seeing is there's some nice consistencies between these two I think, again, it does lend to that story that they're, I think they're probably more likely to be, you know, coalesced pieces of Mars from a giant impact, which again I sort of alluded to this before has implications for how you form the moons in our solar system, right and so there's big questions that I think are now, if you take these as pieces of Mars that formed, you know, maybe not unlike our moon form with a big impact and maybe this impact was a little bit smaller, but then you have to ask questions like well why doesn't Venus have a moon or moons and why did Earth get one big moon and why did Mars get two small moons and why does a Mercury have a moon so there's all kinds of questions that this really stirs I think, because yeah I would say for the ultraviolet, it's kind of hard to be surprised when you don't know what you're going to see, because no one had gotten a spectrum of these wavelengths before. But I will say I was pleasantly surprised by the high quality of the data. We knew that Deimos was going to be very dark. And previous missions had tried to look at Phobos at similar wavelengths and just failed to get any signal at all. And so we were just trying to do our best to get the highest quality data and really pleased with just how well we were able to do it. Yeah, I guess one last thing to add I think is just that this is a pretty complicated series of maneuvers that EMM has been able to undertake, you know, to the tune of three distinct maneuvers to get these flybys and then enable future close flybys as well. And I think one of the things that gives a lot of credit to our engineering team is that the outages or the amount of time that we had to turn the instruments off to stop our kind of nominal science was limited to like a couple of days. And so, you know, to do these sort of unique kind of non primary science goals of the mission and we really only had to miss a couple of days of observing Mars from sort of its classic weather satellite position so I think that was pretty impressive as well. We have one more question. Hi, I have two questions. One question is, when are we expecting to see those data publicly available? And the other question, how often are we for future basically observation of them? How often will we observe them? Okay. So when it comes to the data, the images will be publicly available but the raw data will take some time to be processed and be available in our science data center. We usually release new data every three months so that will take its time. Well, we don't have our normal data pipeline prepared for the most images as we do have for the Mars one. So that's why there would be today, but these images that we process for this press conference would be available. When it comes to the second question is how often would be able to take observations of them as I believe like a super tap into that. So that would be once every couple of weeks that we would have the opportunity but then it's up to the team to decide whether to take this opportunity and take observations or not. So, if it's an opportunity that is worth pursuing in terms of science that's something that will really go for. Thank you. I think we have no more questions coming in. All right. So thank you again for your time speakers and for all of you joining us today. This concludes our press conferences for today, but be sure to join us throughout the week we have another six exciting press cons lined up if you need press packs printed or digital they're both available just join me in the press and then we can chat. If you need to speak to speak to our speakers. No, if you need to interview our speakers through the week then you can check in with me or Terry cook. We are both going to be available here and okay I wish you a very good EG 23 week and the recording of today's press conference will be available later today so feel free to share that or access it as well. And thank you again. Bye.