Alright. Can everyone hear me? Perfect. So those of you in the back, there is a lot of room in the front, you know, if you want to come front, you know, you don't like a particular answer by one of the panelists, you can even accost them. You know, I'm just kidding. But thank you for coming. You know, it's always a pleasure to be in person. I did a lot of KubeCon talks, virtual, right? We got a what? Three o'clock in the morning for one of these. But, but, you know, it's great to be in person. It's four o'clock is reasonable time. People are here. But this is your panel, you know, so be ready with the questions. I'm just going to do a quick round of introductions. And after that, it's all yours. Okay. So feel free to ask some of the tough questions. Make this panel a squirm. They know everything about networking and IPv6. So, you know, so I think it'll be cool. Yeah, I see that. Nobody knows everything about it, right? Before I get started, how many of you are already familiar with dual stack networking? Okay. How many of you are already on the IPv6 bandwagon when it comes to Kubernetes? Whoa. Okay, that's very cool. Last question. On a scale of one to 10, a networking geek, right, is 10, and really know nothing about, you know, kind of the different levels, whatever, right? That's one. And I'm somewhere like a level two, level three, something like that. How many are you above a level six, a level seven? A few. Okay. So you guys can't ask any questions. Okay. They're going to answer the questions. Yes. No, but, but thanks again for coming. This is your panel. So I have a great August panel in May. So it's pretty cool. I'll let them introduce themselves. So be ready to ask some questions.  Please wait. Okay. Don't yell out because, you know, there are virtual audience listening as we speak. So I don't want to ignore any of them. So thanks for coming. What's your audience as well? With that said, let's go from left to right or right to left or whatever they, you know, start with Tim. Hi, everyone. My name is Tim. I work at Google. I've been on Kubernetes for a long time. I'm one of the SIG leads for SIG networking.  Hi, I'm Dinesh from Sevo. I've been implementing some of the v6 dual stack into our cloud platform, which we then offer out to customers as a Kubernetes service. Wonderful. Hello, everybody. How's everybody doing? Good. Thank you. Thank you. I need the energy. I need the energy. My name is Lachlan Evenson. I work at Microsoft. I actually worked in SIG network on the dual stack feature in Kubernetes. So really excited to hear from you all. We want to make it better. So please ask questions either today or you can find me online. I'd really love to just hear about how it's being used. So all these hands, you know, this is a year of IPv6 Linux on the desktop. It's going to be this year. I've been waiting for 25. Liquid. Kubernetes is that Trojan horse that's going to get v6 out there in the world. So I'm very excited to hear how you're all using it and learning and making it better. Thank you. All right. Thank you, Locky. I will say that if Kubernetes having IPv6 is one really good thing that happens this year, I guess it was technically right at the end of last year. But if everybody implements it this year, then you may possibly single-handedly fix 2022. So please go back and do that. And I'm Bridget. I work on Locky's team. And if you would like to register a complaint about or perhaps a pull request to the docs for IPv6 or the code examples that I worked on with Locky or the blog post or, you know, Oh, come and bike shed the production readiness review. I feel like we could have done a little bit more with that. Why not? So, but yeah, happy to chat about it. Perfect. So anybody have any question? But, you know, while you're warming up, I think that was a good segue into the question that I was going to ask, which is, I'm a developer, I'm a developer, right? And, you know, Kubernetes networking was great because it was kind of like an extended VM, right? You know, it got its own IP address and all that I needed to do was kind of wire up the IP address or something like that. But as a developer, do I really care about IPv6? Should I really care about IPv6? And if I do, what are my resources to get started? You know, there are not a whole lot out there. You know, I mean, I tried looking for them. So can you, can you point developers in the right direction? Give some ideas? How many, how many of you think that this is a problem? You know that, yeah, yeah, I see a lot of things going on. So let's look at this from a developer perspective and especially from an app developer perspective. Yeah, that's a great question. And I hope the answer is your cluster administrators can set it up correctly. So it's not a terrible burden. But I'm looking at Tim blinking behind his mask. And I think maybe he thinks, hmm, well, how much of a terrible burden do we expect this to be for people? My feeling here is if you don't know you care, you don't care. This is a space where you shouldn't most people should not have to care 98% of applications and users, this should be transparent to them. And for those people who do care, that's where the API is that we've added are, but they're all optional. And we were like super rigorous about making sure that nobody breaks, nobody changes automatically. And for most users, nothing changes behaviorally. I think I don't agree with that, really. For end users, what we've kind of had with Kubernetes and v4 is that our pods are almost hidden by default, right? They're not addressable on the Internet. And going down the v6 and the dual stack route, all of your pods suddenly become addressable and rootable and reachable from the public Internet, which is a really, really dangerous thing for the uneducated. So there's a huge amount of resources that we need to create as a community to give developers an understanding of what happens when you put, say, your Redis directly rootable on the Internet. Wait, so you're saying that the Red teams should be paying attention right now? They should be, yeah. Yeah, I think, you know, from my perspective, one of the biggest barriers to adoption for IPv6 is the, you know, the overhead to get started with it. And I really think a platform like Kubernetes, which can extract a lot of those challenges in addressing and understanding the addressing away from being the burden on a developer is really, could be really empowering.  But I do, there are some idiosyncrasies to IPv6, which are just a little different. And one of them is that every all IP addresses are routable on the Internet. It doesn't mean that you can connect to them all. But if you don't set things up right, that could be a hassle. And in the IPv4 Internet, the world we live today, we've relied on this system called NAT to keep everybody safe out of the box. Exactly. And that kind of goes away, which NAT actually breaks the Internet most of the time. So I'm hopeful that in the IPv6 Internet, we can actually have better connectivity. But I, you know, back to your original question, it should be as simple as setting a field to say, I want Jillstat networking. So from a developer perspective, what we hear from the community and from customers is I need to present my application on both the IPv4 Internet and the IPv6 Internet. And why they're asking this is typically driven today by regulation. We have some regulation by a country that we operate in to have to present services that are part of a government or any kind of other international organisation. There are regulations that are moving companies to have to present them on both Internets. And that's why we think, you know, having Jillstat gives developers a path to actually start onboarding and getting a feel for IPv6 without, you know, drinking, having to convert everything at the same time. Not sure. Yeah, that's great. And I think it's partly cultural too, right? You know, for example, like you said, you know, the perception that each of these IPs might be routable might itself be a, you know, kind of a red flag, so to say, right? So can you address some of those issues of actually, you know, moving from IPv4 to IPv6, not necessarily from a Kubernetes perspective, but from a general perspective and kind of talk about some of the challenges there and how do you mitigate them? I wonder if we want to back up just a tiny bit too and warn people that if you have been in the Kubernetes space looking at this and thinking, oh yeah, I tried the alpha, just be aware there's some nuance there. Yes. Because we did re-implement the alpha specifically to reduce the complexity on the end user. So if you tried it and you thought, wow, this is way too hard to use, you might want to try it again. If you haven't tried it since 1.20, you may want to try it again because it probably did change. Yeah, I'd agree with that. So I've been working on implementing this stuff over the past few weeks because, you know, nothing like last minute homework. And it is pretty simple to get v6 onto a cluster now in the latest version. So the improvements are really good. It's just that, you know, obviously found that danger out the box, which is really key. The actual other thing is that GitHub isn't on the v6 internet, which is a huge barrier to entry. Because the first thing we did was spin up a v6 only cluster and a v6 only network and couldn't get to GitHub. Yeah, the things you needed weren't on the IPv6 internet. So the good thing is now you can hold all those companies accountable. Some cloud APIs aren't even on the v6 internet. Last I heard, I thought, you know, GitHub was brought out by Microsoft. Yeah, I think I probably have some colleagues that are waiting for this. They said they were waiting for this feature to land. I'm pretty sure I can send them a Twitter DM. That's the correct way to message your colleagues, right? Yeah. I think so to go back to your question, I think so there are customers that want to use IPv6 only, but for everybody else, I think dual stack offers the best of both worlds to get started because it's not just the transport. It's all your application software communicating on that. And a lot of the pathways, even in different application codes, those implementations on different networking stacks are a little less mature. So it's a really good way, hey, I presented on both and I start to get a feel for IPv6 and how it operates. And I start to get comfortable with, you know, operating different service discovery, all these different mechanisms. And you've got v4 there to serve the production workload. So you've got a great way to start getting a feel for how v6 functions. And I really think it's key because we do get a lot of, well, I just want to go to IPv6. And I said, well, go and see what works and see what breaks. And sadly, most customers end up coming back and end up saying, well, I actually need dual stack because I actually need to sometimes get to the IPv4 internet and how do I do that? And dual stack offers that kind of on ramp. And I think that's related to the, when we're talking and all of us, you know, in capacity talk to production user customers, they aren't necessarily in a green field. So they might have some backing data store that uses legacy, whatever, or they might have some hybrid situation where they can't put v6 on everything. So setting up a, hey, we have an ideal v6 scenario. It's great. You can do that in a test lab, but you can't necessarily do that in production. And that's fine. That's where everyone is. It's not just you. Audience, any questions? I have a few. Yeah. Let's get this gentleman Mike. I'm going to see if I can jump. So you're saying that the IPv6 may not be for everyone and people need IPv4 too. I agree on some part, but why is not the net 64 a solution? Because to me seems that getting dual stack kind of brings more problems than it solves. You get the problems from both IPv4 and IPv6. So preference would be IPv6 cluster with the net 64 to get outside. Thanks. Yeah, that's a great point. And it reminds me of the situation where because we have this in-person and virtual, there are two channels and I have to kind of look at those two channels. So it's all a little confusing. So what do you think of just going IPv6 like the gentleman said? Well, I can jump on this one. Having had done this before with net 64, a couple of things. Your back end services aren't actually running IPv6. That's fine. Okay. So your application software makes no changes and therefore even on the back end, you're never actually testing the application software. And having done this for a service provider in the past, actually getting IPv6 end to end is actually a better state overall for many different reasons, transport reasons, overhead reasons, routing reasons. But if you never actually turn it on and plug it right into your application software, you don't actually know the challenges that you're going to face in service discovery and a whole bunch of other things. So I think getting that end to end connectivity, because we come from the IPv4 world and we all grew up under it, we think we can bring all the old problems from IPv4 to v6 and say, well, let's just put nets in front of everything because that's what we did in v4. I think that's been one way to actually do this. But I think what we want to get out of is being hinged to netting forever and keeping IPv4. Now on the back end too, large clusters is becoming a thing. Now we can't go to a customer and say, give us a slash eight because you want to run 70,000 pods. Why not? Why not? You can. You can.  I think, you know, with IPv6, we have a lot more headroom in addressing and actually being able to utilize that addressing on the back end can actually help us meet scaling and cluster needs. So I think while there is the regulation and compliance pieces, there's also the do you really have enough address space to put 10,000 pods in a cluster and make sure they can go up and down like an accordion, have enough headroom in your cluster to do that. So I also see dual stacks serving that function as well as how do we actually get out of this addressing problem on the back end. So you might actually put v4 on the front end and v6 on the back. So you could do a four to six net so that you could actually have just a single stack back end. Anyway, I'm getting into the weeds. I can talk about IPv6 all day. I'm hopeful that dual stack is a transitory thing, right? And as people get more familiar with v6 and the v6 internet becomes a complete thing that people will start to drain off their needs for v4, right? And we'll be able to see those things end of life over time. I mean, that's the goal for the last 20 years, but this time we're for real. And having implemented v6 recently as well, it wasn't just for clusters, v4 net versus v6 rootable everywhere, v6 rootable is absolutely a joy to use. When you get it set up and you understand it and you put a really simple addressing structure into your whole network, everything just falls into place. Kubernetes was designed on an assumption that all pods were reachable and that they were on the larger network, right? And that was great at sort of small scale. It doesn't work everywhere, especially in big places where there isn't a slash 8 or a slash 16 to give you. And so we find a lot of customers, users doing what we call island mode, I've written some talks on this, and they put their clusters in an island and then they only poke holes or build bridges off the island for specific services. And that works, but it's not what Kubernetes was really designed to do and so we're seeing now with dual stack people who do island v4 and flat v6. And we think that's a really nice intermediate step. So I don't want to forget the virtual audience. I'll come to you in a second, but here's a question. I don't want you guys to turn back, but I'll read it out. My organization would like to use IPv6, ULA addresses in both on-prem and public cloud hosted Kubernetes. But this still seems to be on the roadmap, correct? What's the underlying issue for this coming later? I can take a shot. I'm not sure I know what the answer is here. Yeah, so there are many different address types in IPv6. ULA is one, so it's just different levels of addressing. I think what we wanted to do, so to throw the answer back, is we'd love to hear about your use case and actually understand how we want to do addressing and which addressing. So which link local addressing, ULAs, we want to understand how you want this to operate. I've heard this feedback. So if you're the one asking the question, please come talk to SIGNetwork and give us the feedback. Because if you want to do different addressing schemes, we basically came up with one that worked to serve a function to get the feature on the ground and start getting feedback. So I have heard this more than once, and I would love either an issue in SIGNetwork so we can start to discuss. But bring your use case. We really want to understand how you want to cover up the addresses. And when you say an issue in SIGNetwork, you can put the issue in KK in the Kubernetes repo and label it. You can also come to the SIGNetwork meetings. We meet every two weeks, early to midday, midday for Europe on Thursdays, and we're nice. So come to the meeting. Or you can send email to the SIGNetwork mailing list, which is linkable through the Kubernetes community sites. All of these will get to our attention and we'll be able to discuss. Yeah, we need a discussion about this. I can't answer it without knowing it all, but I think starting that discussion is critical. So if that's you asking that question, please come and ask it to SIGNetwork. Gentlemen over there. Yeah. So I have a question around security or default security with not 4v4. So we had that default security. Are you currently working on a solution for v6 that you can have a network policy as a default for the whole cluster so that developers are not accidentally exposing services? And I think there's a ramification in general. Kubernetes, IPv6, the dual stack, pretty much hit every component in Kubernetes, not just security. So maybe security is one manifestation of that, but maybe you can address it generally as well. So we have some work going on that's not specific to IPv6 but happens to answer this question at the same time. There's a proposal for a new API called admin network policy, ANP. And its original name was cluster network policy, but the goal was to actually keep the same API for multi-cluster. So multi-cluster cluster network policy didn't roll off the tongue. So admin network policy is similar to the network policy API, but a little bit more sophisticated aimed at cluster admins or fleet admins. And specifically it's designed to impose the guardrails above what network policy is allowed to express. I can jump in there too unless anybody else wants to jump in. So what we needed to do because we kept rags, can you move to that way so I can at least address the person? Sorry. What we needed to do because we kept getting stuck was none of the upper level abstractions could consume dual stack or even IPv6 because nobody was using it. So we needed to create all the core APIs and componentry so now all the network providers can have dual stack networking if they choose to adopt it. And now I'm hopeful that we'll see all the CRDs and abstractions start to model that because they're all blocked on not having the API in Kubernetes core. So if that's you again, please come and talk to us and talk to your cloud network provider or whoever you're using to get your IP addresses because if it's you, sorry I'm putting that back on you, but we need to start showing examples and getting it throughout the documentation. But we couldn't put the horse before the cart. You know what I mean? We couldn't start writing about upper level things that needed to come into play like all the CNI providers and how that works. We needed to get the core APIs in and that's what we've done. So now that people can play with this, we can actually rationalize well, how do we model default network policies at an IPv6 level because everything was stuck on while I don't have it. And nobody was using IPv6 on its own or very little people. So I'm hoping that this kind of gets the conversation around how do we model those things in addition to what Tim was saying. Thank you. Thank you. All right. I know there's a gentleman on there. While he's walking down there, I'm going to add that a SIG cloud provider also works pretty closely with SIG network. So a lot of overlap in the people who participate in both. So if you're thinking like I have specific problems specific to my cloud provider, either talk to SIG cloud provider or SIG network and we'll connect you up. So for cloud providers, public cloud providers, what are the top couple things that we can do to move this effort forward? I think making it very easy to get a cluster that's configured correctly out of the box. And I think we're seeing that. I'm seeing more and more of the tools. I think there was a talk from the folks that work on COPS that they have IPv6 and how they implemented that. So more tools, implementations so they can see it and then just for managed service providers make it very easy to get a cluster that's either IPv6 only, which I'm seeing a lot of, or dual stack out of the box. So I think making it really simple to deploy so that people can start using it and giving us more feedback on these specific features that would be my goal is making it really simple and across all the tooling. I think the talk was on COPS. If you can do it in COPS, I think that's a great start. Just having a way to get a cluster without understanding all the different flags and what order and what addresses you need and how to actually configure it all. That would be my suggestion. If you're a provider, implement it and do it this year. I'd like to see Detroit, all the major cloud providers have IPv6. We'll raise a toast for them. If you're a customer, ask your cloud provider. Demand, when are you going to give me this? I need this. Go ahead. Oh, I gave somebody a mic, right? Or did I? I lost my mic. Go ahead. Next question. What do you see as the future for network components like load balancers and traffic management in an IPv6 or dual stack world? I realise it's wider than Kubernetes. I mean, they're still going to play a part, right? Because they're not doing just... Do you mind repeating the question if you don't mind? The question was load balancers, whether they still play a part in either a v6 or a dual stack world, and they're going to play a part because they're doing things more things than they do in a v6 or dual stack. Which is what traditionally we kind of use load balancers for.  It's almost built into how we run applications on Kubernetes. Agree. I think there's one little nuance in there that's interesting is what we've actually done under the hood is allow pods to have more than one IP address. Most virtual functions on top, sometimes these services need more than one interface. So again, if that's you, we've created an implementation here that we can start to rationalise and discuss whether pods can have more than one interface in the same address family. We've kind of limited that. Sorry to lead the witness here. Locky is saying the quiet part out loud. We have opened a door to a new adjacent set of possibilities which involve having multiple IP addresses. So that's the next can of worms. Yes. So maybe hosting those applications on those network function virtualisation may be an avenue that we can investigate through working on the dual stack work. There are no more virtual questions. I think we're kind of coming closer to the end. Maybe I'll take one more after this gentleman. One more here. We're going to be here forever. Wait until they kick us out. So we're going to be here. Definitely encourage some participation later. But let's take these two questions and then I'll give you guys some time to kind of summarise and then we can have the free for all for a while. All right. Go for it. Now that IPsec is baking to the protocol itself into IPv6, do you guys see any possibility to have end-to-end encrypted communication between parts in Kubernetes by default? Short answer is yes. The long answer is the great thing is now it can be transparent to the actual user. So the provider can actually do that handoff and you as the user could have end-to-end encryption on your network without having any special software required or third party software to do the negotiation of that IPsec tunnel. So I think it's a very interesting place and that's one of the benefits of IPv6. And I think, again, a lot of the community was stuck on, let's be clear, we took v6-only clusters and brought them along for the ride. They had been stuck in alpha and when we picked up dual stack we said we've got to take everything across the line here. Having all this core componentry in Kubernetes itself, I think now we can experiment with the bits and pieces because the conversation before was, well, Kubernetes doesn't support it so therefore I can't do anything with it. And so I think, yes, you could bake that in. It should be transparent to the Kubernetes user but we could get pretty crafty in IPv6 LAN where the south of the CNI where you set up point-to-point encryption out of the box and not have to deal with that at MTLS layout. That's just something you could do. And when you say you, you're talking about the cluster administrator, you're talking about the managed service provider, like who do you see as the one who's going to implement this? Yeah, so I think, you know, if you have, hopefully the managed service provider can implement all this on your behalf but if you are running your own clusters on premises and have this, the cluster administrator is the you. This is a quick clarification on your quiet part set out loud and I'm going to go talking about multiple IP addresses per pod. Are you currently talking about limiting that to one per address family? That's how it's done today. We've inserted this mostly artificial check that just says if you have two, they must be 1v4 and 1v6 in no particular order but we made the API design on purpose knowing that that rule will eventually probably be lifted. Thank you. Okay. All right. So I think we're nearing the end. Maybe I can take one more question if there's one. Any questions? No? All right. So let's go ahead and start from there. You want to summarize maybe call for action? You know, what do you think, if you have the same panel next year, what do you think we're going to be talking? IPv6 is done, right? If we have an IPv6 panel next year, I really love it to be folks from the community who are implementing it because we have one here and I want to hear a little bit more about what you're implementing now. But keep in mind that these conversations are not a broadcast of us to you. These are the conversations where you're telling your stories amongst each other over time and we're building together what you want it to be. So this is definitely not something where I receive the wisdom of IPv6. Now I know how it is. This is something you can, as you start from these questions, construct the reality you want it to be. Yeah, I think my goal here today was just to educate and get the word out that this exists and that I would really love to see and users up here talking about their experience and SIG network, we're listening as well. We want to hear if this works and meets the needs of the people that are trying to utilize it. So I think it's six months. I think if it's across all providers and there's one click, give me a Kubernetes cluster with dual stack or v6, I think that would be a great outcome. I'd love to see more v6 community clusters really because there's a huge amount of the internet, like GitHub that you just don't know hasn't configured it. So getting more people using it, testing it and feeding back to the entire internet community about what works and doesn't work, keep pushing that v4 to v6 transition down the line. If we do another panel in KubeCon North America, Detroit, I want it to be people who are using dual stack v6, not people who made it happen, but the people who are using it and we can call it 10 things I hate about dual stack in Kubernetes. Yes. That would be easy to do. You just wrote the CFP. The sixth one will surprise you. So again, thank you all for coming. I want to take a selfie. All of you are going to put up a six for the IPv6. Do you mind, everybody? All right, you gentlemen want to come here. Thank you very much for coming. And I really want to thank the panel.


how to quickly create YouTube chapters for your videos or get your fans to do it for you using heartbeat moments. Here's a great video which has no chapters, see? Nothing, bad YouTuber. I'll show you how you can use heartbeat moments to quickly create the chapters by clicking this little heart. Here are the chapters, you simply click here, copy as YouTube chapters, scroll down to the video description or the comments and paste. Voila, there are your YouTube chapters ready to put into your video description so everyone can see them. Just type H.K.I. That will take you to heartbeat moments, then click moments extension. That will take you to the Chrome extension you need to install, this would say add to Chrome. And once you have that, then on any YouTube video, whether it's yours or a creator you're following, if you see an exciting moment while watching that video, simply press H. H is the hot key to create a heartbeat moment. You see, it says heartbeat moment saved. 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It's very pumping music. It gets me excited going to the gym, going jogging. Does it help you? If it does, go follow my heartbeat. Just simply search for George, if I can spell my own name. Search for George. Choose the one with 21 followers, not these two test accounts that I made that don't really exist. These, this is me. And then this will be the follow button. Just click it when you are signed in with your account. And of course, I'd be happy to follow your heartbeat. Just send us links to your heartbeat down there in the comments below. And let's all help each other grow together as a family. The freedom family, the heartbeat family. The whole spirit is we are a family and we help each other. Collaboration. You know that's the fastest way to grow on YouTube, right? Well, it's also the fastest way to grow on heartbeat. And we have other products. We have our photos product. Just click photos right here and you'll see what people have been uploading. Ooh, pretty girl. What people have been uploading to the public heartbeat photos galleries where heartbeat moments is all about videos and clips. Heartbeat photos is all about Captain Obvious photos. So here we have some, oh yeah, this is one of my favorite. This is our cats getting ready to travel. They just decided to sleep in the suitcase. Very cute. The difference between this and every other gallery in the world is it's a click-less gallery. You just hover. One image, second image, third image, no clicking. You wanna go to another gallery? No problem. Let's look at a pretty woman. I have two pretty women in my pretty women gallery. I remember this one I took at the mall. It was a beauty shop and they had this huge poster of this face before they opened and I caught it on camera. And this is a photo I just found on the internet. That was a pretty girl. So I made, put it out of it to my gallery. Here's another one. A beautiful Dubai home. This is in rack ceramics, a showroom that shows one style of a bathroom. This gives us ideas on how we can build our homes because we actually are building homes in Dubai, guys. Here are some other good examples of nice looking homes. This one has a pool next to the side of the house. Now this is not one of our instructions. This is another villa in Dubai. But here are our homes. This is what we are building. Now these are 3D renders but these are very close to what the final product will be. You can see we have pretty cool looking pools with the sunken seating area. One of the features of heartbeat photos is you can just zoom in. Mouse wheel. See that? There is the sunken seating area. Very cool. Now I can just hold the control key, move my mouse to my address bar, copy this, share it with anyone and it shares the zoomed in portion. It'll show not just the image but that exact zoomed in part of the image that you are trying to show somebody. That's a unique feature in heartbeat photos. And yeah, have a look. These are all my galleries and they're all public. When you go to the home and you uncheck my galleries, you will see them. Now these are other people's galleries. I encourage you to explore everybody's public galleries. How do you create your own? Just click that photos link. Start at h.ki. Remember that, hkey, h.ki. Then click photos and then just upload your own photos. You can choose private or public for any of your galleries. See, here I'll show you. I am choosing visibility public but I can choose unlisted or private if I don't want anyone else to see it. All right, Freedom Family. That's Heartbeat Photos. I hope you'll enjoy it and they'll discover some photos you love. One other cool thing I wanted to show you when you're on YouTube, on any YouTube video, let's just go to a random one. Gonna pick the first one in the top left corner. Boom. I have no idea what this is but if I am interested in this video, I just change the .com to h.ki. Same hkey and watch what happens. So the video I happened to pick is one that has disabled embedded views. What luck I have. Let's go back and pick the next one, okay? Okay, next one, Diablo 4. I again, change the .com to h.ki. That's it and boom. Now I have that video on Heartbeat Moments ready to create moments just by pressing h. Let me press h, h. Boom, there's my first moment at eight seconds. Let's say I'm watching the video further along. Oh no, no, no, we gotta fix that moment. Where was that hot girl? So this is what we do. We just skip ahead, skip, skip, skip, skip. There it was, no, missed it. Let's go back, let's go back. Oh, too far, right there. Save, hot girl, hot girl. Enough said. And now, I click this, boom, hot girl. I can enjoy this hot girl at any time. Okay, that was just to get your attention, guys. It's not just about hot girls. It's also about, you know, informative things. Like, let's say I found this to be really cool, h. And let's say I wanna, oops, I think I didn't press the h, there we go, h. And let's say I wanna just tweak that title. I can go back a little bit. Let's see, back, back, back, back. Oh, that was too far. There we go, done. Activision Blizzard is re-releasing old titles in a new way. That would be the title I would put something like that here. Anyway, my point is I didn't have to even install the Chrome extension with the h.ki, which is all you need to remember. Let's keep the hot girl, okay? Yeah. You just need to remember h.ki, that's it. And then, whoops, wrong key. Now let's click. And then on any YouTube video that hasn't disabled embedding, just replace the .com with h.ki and you're in heartbeat. How is that even possible, guys? It was because we own h.ki. If you own a domain, you can add any subdomains like youtube.h.ki and they will work. You control where they go. It's not like we've somehow made a deal with YouTube to redirect to our site. No, we just created a subdomain on h.ki. I mean, maybe you don't know that, but this is one of the features of owning a domain. You can have infinitely many subdomains for free. Once you've bought the one domain, you can add anything you want in front of it at no extra charge. All right, so check out heartbeat moments. Check out heartbeat photos. Install our Chrome extension now with 104 users. We have now crossed the century mark. We have more than 100 users who've installed heartbeat. I love it. Now let's get to a thousand. It's like a subscriber count, guys. We're using this like a little scorecard. So you remember how excited you were when your channel reached like 10 subscribers, then a hundred subscribers, then a thousand subscribers? That's the kind of feeling we now have with our heartbeat moments, Chrome extension. Rising up the charts. All right, Freedom Family. Hope you enjoyed this video. Hope you'll check out my heartbeat. Follow my heartbeat. Link is down there in the description below and you can just search for George. And I wanna follow your heartbeat. Also, we're featuring your videos now, guys. We are helping you get more views by promoting your channels on the Shiny Freedom Dashboard. Seriously, where is it here? Right here. How to get more views is a video I published. Click that I to see it and you will understand how you can get that viewership, that spike in views for your videos. I give you all the simple steps right there in this video on how to enter the Get More Views contest, which will put your videos on the Shiny Freedom Dashboard right there. Where was the animation? Come on, animation. Right there, Freedom Dashboard. I, again, I hope you enter our Get More Views contest by watching that video and yeah, let's grow together as a family. Don't forget, guys, we are also freedom.tm, the M for talent management, Freedom Talent. We help you grow faster. So check out freedom.tm as well as h.ki. Two great tastes that taste great together.  I went on a five kilometer run. Now today I'm gonna go to the gym, you have to alternate cardio and weight training, but I don't do heavy weights, I just do endurance building, toning, which for me, at my age of 48 years old, is a better use of my time than trying to bulk up.  When I was in my 20s, yeah, sure, why not? But I'm in my almost 50s, I think I need to stay more toned than buff.  Tell us down there in the comments below. All right, until the next episode. I am George and you've been watching. Oh, you dreaming but love, yeah. Click that I to partner with Freedom and join the Freedom family so we can all grow together. You get many perks, like position music, you also get epidemic sound, a lot of other access to royalty-free videos, sponsorships and many things to help you grow. 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In sports news now, Liverpool coach Jürgen Klopp has called on his side to stay completely alert after their two-nil Champions League semifinal first leg win over Villarreal on Wednesday insisting that the scoreline could give a false impression. Liverpool dominated from the start at Anfield with two quick-fire second half goals, putting them on the verge of a third Champions League final in five seasons. But however, who has won all four of his home Champions League semifinal matches as a manager with Borussia Dortmund and Liverpool, seeing his team score 15 times while conceding three insisted the job was not done yet. Full work is to do, nothing happened yet, that's how it is, for me it's the best example you play a game and it's two-nil at halftime, you have to be completely on alert, you have to be 100% in the right mood, you have to play the second half like you play the first half, there's nothing to defend, if you do that you get immediately all the advantages you might have had before away. We know we go there and there will be a tricky atmosphere for us, obviously difficult and different to tonight. These players who saw that tonight, this coach, they fight for it with all they have. What I like that everybody could see, we fight with all we have and it's always the same, if they beat us with the result, what brings them to the final then they deserve it and if not then we deserve it, that's how the competition is.


Hello and welcome. You're watching a France-Vain-Caître and today we're bringing you a special debate in cooperation with the World Economic Forum. We're in Istanbul, where the forum is organising a regional conference for Eurasia, the Middle East and North Africa. The topic that we're debating today goes straight to the heart of one of the most important issues in global economics and business today – the Eurozone survival. More specifically, we're asking whether or not austerity is the right way to achieve a healthy economic recovery and to restore growth in the Eurozone. This, of course, at a time when some people are saying that austerity risks killing the patient that it was meant to heal growth and the Eurozone as a whole. With me here on stage, I have a distinguished panel from academia, from politics and from business. Sir Michael Rake, he is the chairman of the British telecoms company BT. Brendan Howlin, he's the minister of public expenditure and reform of Ireland. John Evans, he's the general secretary of the trade union advisory committee to the OECD. Xavier Salah and Martin, he's a professor of economics at Columbia University in the United States. And last, but certainly not least, we have Mehmet Şimşek, he's the finance minister of Turkey. Gentlemen, thanks first of all for joining us here today at the World Economic Forum. Let me start with you, Sir Michael. The UK applied a series of austerity measures back in 2010 when the new coalition government came into power. Two years down the line, where are we now? Has austerity helped or hindered the economic recovery in the UK? I think the answer in the moment is probably neither. The real answer starts with the fact that there was no choice. I think the level of debt that the UK had incurred, its deficit, its fiscal deficit, is one of the highest in the world. And I think the new coalition government quite quickly realized, unless it got on top of this very, very quickly, it was likely to spiral out of control. And I think the government had to demonstrate both political will to deal with it and rely on the fact that we still have our own currency and therefore to dramatically control and reduce the cost of borrowing. So I think that was key. I think that the major concern now in the UK, however, is after this two years of austerity, and by the way, a lot of the cuts haven't even started to come into place yet in the UK and public expenditure, is the other headwinds, the Eurozone crisis going on longer than originally anticipated. Do we have an adequate strategy for growth? You know, can we just rely on cost cutting in the public sector? And that's the big question at the moment in the UK. What do we do to get growth? What do we do to get money to the SMEs, to hire people, to reduce youth unemployment, which is really becoming a significant issue? It is a significant issue in the Eurozone as well as in the UK as you were just mentioning there. John Evans, let me turn to you. You represent around about 61 million workers within the 34 member countries of the OECD. Is government spending making a real difference with the respect to employment? As we're seeing austerity measures, for instance, by 10, are we seeing unemployment coming up as a direct effect of that? Well, I think the coordinated measures which were taken in 2008, 2009, beginning of 2010 actually had the effect of keeping people in jobs. If you look at the ILO figures and estimates in 2009, they're expecting an extra of 52 million people to be unemployed globally. In fact, unemployment jumped by about 28 million, still too much. But the measures that were taken then prevented a complete free fall of the global economy. In our view, the switch rapidly over one or two months to just pulling away that safety net, that oxygen of the global economy was too rapid and it didn't allow the private sector growth to pick up sufficiently to take over the recovery. So now the issue is how do we get growth back into the system? How do we put creating jobs at the centre economic policy? Because unless we can put people back to work, get them paying taxes, get the economy moving again and putting confidence back into consumers as well as investors, then I think the risk of debt traps and spiraling deflation is very real. Professor Salah and Martin, regaining confidence will of course require boosting competitiveness in Europe. When you look at the European scene, it's often seen as if there is a north-western frugal competitive part and then in the south-west you have the more wasteful, if you will, economies, people would probably think of Greece first and foremost. But where is though the Eurozone when it comes to competitiveness as a whole, how competitive is the Eurozone vis-à-vis other regions of the world? I think regaining confidence requires diagnosing the problem correctly. And I think that posing the question on whether there should be more or less austerity, more or less government spending is a big mistake because there are three big problems, three big areas that require three big kinds of solutions. One problem is debt, public debt, private debt, bank debt, that problem should be addressed if we want to save European problems. Second is deficits. Third is economic growth. These are three different problems. Of course they are related. If you decrease the deficit, you affect economic growth. If you try to cut the deficit to reduce that, you might affect. So everything is interrelated. But thinking that you can solve all the problems with just one measure, at least you need three measures, one for each problem. And therefore the debate should not be more austerity, less austerity. The competitiveness question that you ask is going to be relevant for the third question. We need the Southern European countries, the periphery, to become more competitive. And for these, there's a whole array of things they need to do. But don't believe for a minute that if you start growing, you're going to solve the financial problem, you're going to solve the debt problem. Those require separate solutions. I just want to go back to a point that you and Michael brought up before that Britain back in 2010 didn't really have a choice when it comes to austerity measures. I suppose one could argue that the Eurozone is in much the same seat as Britain was two years ago. Minister Howland from Ireland, what do you say about that? I'm just wondering whether my country falls into your north-western frugal countries or your southern... You're the exception of the Prusa rule, perhaps. Well, I hope we've been either. I think we were the poster boy for economic growth through the Celtic Tiger Times. At fora like this, Ireland was the country pointed to. The core of our problem was a banking issue and the nationalizing of a banking debt. And that recapitalizing of the banks in Ireland cost 40% of GDP or 64 billion euros. And that's a mistake that we have to reflect upon now into the future. We have to balance our budget. So the issue of fiscal consolidation is one that has to be faced. But I don't think the issue of fiscal consolidation and growth and job creation and stimulus are mutually exclusive. We have to have twin track strategies. We have in Ireland, I suppose, the perfect example. We have a dynamic industrial base. We have growing exports. But we have a very flat domestic economy because of the quantum of money that we have sucked out in real-time probably more than any other country since 2008. So we need stimulus back to get people confidence again to spend. And Europe needs to have that strategy. From our own perspective, I welcome the new focus on growth. Certainly since the election of François Land. I think it has gained enormous traction in Europe. And we need to have that put into concrete measures now. Specifically issues like having more paid in capital to the European investment bank. Countries such as my own where it is very difficult for the sovereign to borrow because of our impaired status needs to be assured that we can have actually drivers for economic stimulus that will create jobs in the medium term. We need to look at the issue of recapitalizing of the banks. And hopefully the European stability mechanism itself should be doing that. So it's not impairing the sovereign as we repair the banking system. And of course President Barroso has talked about the reassignment for example of structural funds. There is a variety of real measures that are urgently needed now. I think we've talked about it long enough and the response seems to be incremental always in the European Union and indeed in the international community. We need to have a clear strategy now that can overcome the challenges faced by a number of countries whose essential economics like my own are very robust. You speak there about real measures. And I suppose Turkey is a country that has come up with those real measures because last year was so economic growth of some eight and a half percent in Turkey. Finance Minister Shimsek what are you doing right and what can the eurozone learn from you. Well circumstances may certainly be a bit different but we've gone through quite a bit of adjustment in early 2000 from 2000 to 2001 onwards. Our adjustment was actually very large. We had annual primary surpluses in two six and a half percent of GDP for quite a few years. So I think through that fiscal adjustment there was a boost to confidence. Private sector investments private spending has increased. There was a crowding in effect. But that was because we were fully penalized for irresponsible fiscal policies of 1990s. The problem with eurozone is that because some of the relatively I mean those countries that had poor fiscal positions were not penalized. They had access to capital at very low rates. At the peak we had real interest rates in this country prior to fiscal adjustment at almost 20 25 percent real interest rates. So we were fully penalized. So what happened was as soon as we start austerity there was a boost to confidence. So a virtual circle started essentially private you know as a crowding in effect private sector investments private spending increased. So public sector retrenchment did not mean weaker banking sector did not mean high jobless rates. In the case of Europe of course you have a combination of problems. You've got banks that are already troubled because of toxic assets real estate bubbles and of course the value of government papers that they hold has collapsed.  So you really need some outside help. In the case of Turkey if you go back to 2000 2001 we secured help from the IMF but also we did very painful adjustment. So pain at that time was sold to people saying pain today growth tomorrow in a rewards tomorrow. But in the case of Europe it looks like pain today and pain tomorrow literally because there is the leveraging by private sector banking sector is weak because of other reasons that I explained. And of course governments are pushing for austerity. So that means lower economic activity external backdrop is not as strong as is used to be. So you've got a combination of weak domestic demand on the back of the leveraging by private sector fiscal austerity by governments and of course weaker banking sector which means higher jobless rates falling economic activity. And actually you're not gaining anything fiscal austerity is not fixing problem. Europe needs growth. But for growth to start you need a significant boost and external boost. That's why the argument for a bank bailout by a European fund for government. I mean I know there is moral hazard and also kind of issues but essentially there is need there is clear need for support from outside whether that is Germany where there is a combination of other funds clearly something has to be done. I saw several nods there as you were speaking Minister Schimsheck John Evans. I think there's a difference between an individual economy which is faced by a fiscal crisis where you can take measures which regain confidence bring down interest rates and get the economy growing again particularly you've got a flexible currency. I think you can't do that at a continental level which is such a large component of global GDP. So one size doesn't fit all on globally you have to get some growth back in the system and you have to get demand rising again as well. The IMF just came out with some study which suggested that looking at the last 30 years set over 100 examples of fiscal austerity. They do in the short town actually reduce growth. The problem is when that's happening in the continent at the same time nobody is growing and I think that's a dilemma at the moment. I also say I think that it's wrong to see public debt as being the cause of the crisis. With one or two countries that was certainly the case in Europe but generally public debt in Spain was lower than that of Germany. It was sometimes debts in the private sector the Irish banking system the real estate in Spain and what we've seen is the growth in debt has been the result of the crisis not the cause of it. Now it's difficult to untangle it but somehow we have to re-inject growth into the system. I don't want to set up any rivalries here but you saw Michael Rick if you were to choose between investing in the Eurozone and investing in the Turkish economy for instance. Where would you invest that money? In the short term it's clearly Turkey but I did want to reflect on a couple of the comments that were made about the banking sector. I think this is critically important. I mean it's dangerous to oversimplify things on the other hand unless you see these things clearly you can't understand that the reality is the most Western economies had overborrowed during the boom both privately and publicly to varying degrees. The reality is when the music stopped because of the banking crisis and the complete breakdown and confidence in the financial system actually kind of run out of the ability to borrow money to solve the problem to buy our way out of problem. Therefore I think there was absolutely no choice but for this austerity program to come in. I think there's a real issue now around how you operate with the banks you know because there is a huge amount of deleveraging going on and because the regulators kind of failed to make sure the banks have the right level of capital and liquidity prior to the crisis we risk now a huge overreaction and a rapid deleveraging of the banking sector which is compounding the problem of growth so it's not just the banks have had a problem they're being actually forced by the regulators to reduce their size dramatically and the real problem here and we really have to understand this is big companies like BT could go to the commercial paper markets and get very cheap finance directly sort of you know from from the market SMEs where the employment is going to come from can only get it from the banks and certainly the experience in the UK is very clear the SMEs who have the assets actually don't have the confidence partially because of the Eurozone crisis to invest those who have intellectual property but no assets aren't able to borrow and aren't able to expand so are being caught in a real vice-like difficulty and I think there's a huge need here for really strong leadership at the Eurozone level you know it is that Eurozone to cause the problem to unlock some of this to give business the confidence to move forward and invest where they have cash and to sort of create an environment where it's easier for SMEs tomorrow and in the moment the uncertainties around will Greece leave you know what's the position of the banks who have huge exposures to Greece will that roll on to Spain what are the position of unfunded you know banks who look all right today will they be all right if Spain gets into really serious issues is causing an enormous confidence in crisis you know crisis in confidence and I think we really really need to understand that too in order to work through this it's it isn't just about finding specific measures to create employment I mean creating employment through public sector which the UK did to some degree you know you you see the problem you've created false jobs we are we're a question and downsizing enormously the public sector we're going to cut the public sector pay bill by a factor of 20 percent by between 2009 and 2015 the issue in relation to you know bad political decisions and bad banking decisions in terms of people lending money it was also obviously bad decisions on those who lent the money and those who accounted for them of course as well so there's a shared moral hazard if we're looking at the spectrum of moral hazard and we need to address it on that basis but so Michael is absolutely right in relation to the issue of access to money in an economy such as as the one I am living in is extremely important and while lots of SMEs actually do want to invest now and the banking system is telling us that there is money available when you drill down it's very hard the conditionality of accessing that money is such that in reality for many SMEs it's not possible and we need to have a strategy that allows businesses to have access in the medium time to survive or the medium term to thrive professor Salai Martin yes I think we should not forget that every single economic theory in the history of the world says that if you increase taxes in the middle of a recession and I'm talking about Keynesians I'm talking about classics I'm talking about lunatics everybody agrees that if you increase taxes in the middle of a session the recession worsens if you reduce spending in the middle of a session the recession worsens okay so nobody believes that magically you're gonna you're gonna the opposite will happen now whether this might be very necessary to be to start austerity programs in the middle of a session but everybody remember that these will at least in the short run worsen the problem now all these textbooks at the same time also tell you that there are other kinds of policies that you can engage in when the fiscal policy is not available we're talking about monetary policy we're talking with exchange rate policy and we're talking about supply side policies that's why I was saying earlier that we shouldn't just engage in the debate more or less austerity maybe austerity is necessary but this is not excuse for not doing anything else why aren't we playing with monetary policy why aren't we playing with exchange rate policy why are we taking so long to engage in supplied or competitiveness policies and point number two I want to take issue on the problem of the fiscal problem Spain Spain had a fiscal problem even though it was not in the data Spain had a real estate bubble and therefore the tax revenue was transit early high and when the tax revenue was very very high for a short period of time the government increased spending permanently then of course the bubble burst tax revenue goes down you stay with a huge spending and the deficit and the deficit arrives and also Spain had a real big public I mean a private debt bank problem government made a big mistake of you know the same mistake as our island of saying we will save all the banks when you say that immediately all the debt of all the banks becomes public debt and therefore the real government that is really really big because it's coming coming in the next few weeks we will see how big the government that work actually was all right we're going to take a short break now thank you very much gentlemen do stand by for us because we will come back straight to this debate as I say we're going to take a short break now and we'll be back right after news do you stay with us here on France thank you magic of television we shall now resume this debate in a moment I shall just walk up to this mark right here on the floor just waiting for the go ahead in my ear to present it does nothing and except for unless someone speaks into their welcome back you're watching a France van Kiat and we're bringing you a special debate today brought to you in cooperation with the World Economic Forum we are discussing austerity and we're discussing growth in just a moment we'll pick up our discussion with our distinguished panel once again but first though we're going to bring you a special message from a man who's centrally placed in your own politics today unfortunately he could not be here in person but he recorded this message from Rome


To the owners of our next category, which is e-commerce, may I invite on stage Mr. Bharat Kharvanda, ABP Marketing, Fans Business Usha International, let's have the shortlisted nominees for this please. The entire jury including myself was very excited to judge the e-commerce category. E-commerce has suddenly become a very important part of our lives and very happy to note that it was a grossly fought category, best work has happened last year in that category and I wish all the winners all the best. Alright to join Mr. Kharvanda on stage may I invite Mr. Sudhir Mishra, founder and managing partner Trust Legal Advocates and Consultants so that these two fine gentlemen can give away the three trophies that are assigned here. Let's find out who guesses for the bronze trophy, silence of the lambs, no guesses at all. Alright let's find out who the winner is. Going on to our next category may I invite on stage Mr. Siviyal Srinivas who is also one of the jury members and incidentally is also a nominee as far as iPoi is concerned iPoi is slated for December 13th in Mumbai. Thank you Srinivas for doing your due diligence as far as jury members concerned. May I also invite on stage to join Mr. Srinivas Mr. Nithinbill, general manager marketing Philips requested to please come up on stage and let's find out who the shortlisted nominees are. For those of us who are most closely contested categories I think we got a series of really good entries from various industries, various groups, see as a jury together what we were looking for was you know clutter breaking content, innovative views of media and finally an impactful delivery and on basis of this we have picked our winners it was a difficult choice but yes few have done much better work especially in the content creation and delivery mechanism. Alright let's find out who the bronze medal winner is. Congratulations, congratulations to Walter Thompson, here we go.


3. What makes an effective manager? I take you through 10 skills all effective managers have that make them successful. Effective managers are those that get a lot done through their teams, keep their teams motivated through thick and thin, create the right environment for individual and team success, develop the skills of their team members so they can do more, manage all the people relationships and deal calmly with the pressures involved. And unsurprisingly these managers are recognized and promoted consistently. I've worked alongside a wide range of managers, observed and coached many more, and the 10 skills that are straight away on my must have list that each effective manager consistently demonstrates are. I'm going to talk you through each skill, why each skill is important in managing others and give you tips and where to get further information on each skill so keep an eye out for the links appearing on screen. My name is Jess Coles and I've had a 25 year management career in corporates and household names through to SMEs. And if you keep improving these 10 skills all effective managers have you'll keep progressing your management career as you become more and more effective at delivering results. And if you're new to this channel enhance.training shares business and people management expertise to help you improve your performance and that of your team and business. And if you like this video please give a thumbs up and subscribe. The first skill all effective managers have is good self-awareness. Self-awareness is how aware you are of if firstly what you are good at and what you are not so good at. Secondly how your beliefs and reference points built up over your life influence your decisions and actions. Third how where you are of your own reactions to viewpoints, events, situations, challenges etc. and how you manage these reactions. Fourth your self-confidence and your own internal belief in your value and capabilities. Having good overall emotional intelligence which incorporates self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management is incredibly valuable to being a good effective manager. And then lastly be clear what your own values are and how you use these to guide your own decisions and actions consistently with those you manage and interact with in work and also outside of work. I believe that you should get good at managing yourself before you can think about managing others. Being consistent in what you do is important to being fair to each of those you manage. Consistency of action drives trust and trust is very important for managers to build quickly and maintain consistently. Three very accessible tools to help you learn more about yourself include firstly strength finders, secondly Myers-Briggs and thirdly insights. In fact there are so many tools out there to help you find a little bit more about yourself. For instance there's a whole range of personality tests which can each show you a different view of yourself. So take the time to reflect on how your own emotions and thoughts when you notice you're having a strong reaction to a statement, an event, a situation etc. Ask what is driving this reaction and is it appropriate? Experiment with different ways of reacting to different situations to develop your management toolkit. Professional coaching programs are also a great way to discover more about yourself and provide very useful feedback on lots of areas impacting your management skills. Take the time to learn more about yourself it'll pay dividends in becoming a more effective manager. The second skill all effective managers have is being very good at building relationships. As a junior manager part of your day job is managing relationships. As you get into senior management nearly all of your day job is about managing relationships. So to progress your career you must learn how to build relationships on a professional and also a personal level within the workplace and with staff at customers and suppliers. Eight actions to help you build better relationships faster at work include firstly be a likable person, be friendly, positive, welcoming, energetic, always have a smile on your face etc. Secondly meet face to face wherever you can. It certainly beats phone and video calls by a mile. Third do your homework to create talking points on the professional and personal likes and dislikes of those you're meeting. Get them talking about themselves and listen. Fourth find excuses to meet which gives you the best opportunity to build relationships. Fifth build a personal as well as a professional relationship. We are all social creatures and the personal stuff matters at work too. Sixth aim to help first and ask second. This is reciprocity where we feel obliged to think well of and help those who help us first. Seventh deliver what you say you will. Being nice will only get you so far. You have to deliver at work to build a solid professional relationship and be viewed as a reliable and competent co-worker or colleague. Eight ensure consistency of effort and action. Consistency builds trust and trust is a must in all relationships. So do a good job and be friendly every time rather than just some of the time. The third skill all effective managers have is setting clear expectations. If your team members or other stakeholders in the business don't know what is expected of them how can they deliver to these expectations and how will you know what you're going to get back? And the same works in reverse. If you don't agree clear expectations to those you are providing work to how do you know if you are delivering what they need and how can you plan effectively? Good steps to follow when setting expectations are firstly thinking ahead so you know what capacity you and your team have to undertake additional work. Secondly understand the why of what you're being asked so you can proactively solve the problems that will come up. And third plan ahead so you can put yourself in the best place to deliver what you commit to consistently. And when you've done these three steps in your head or on paper etc then fourth you can set expectations clearly with the other person so you all know what is going to be done when and by whom. And then fifth regularly communicate until the work is finished so there are no surprises and you can adapt plans and expectations if needed. There is more that goes into setting clear expectations than most people think which is why many people can improve in this area to the benefit of all. The fourth skill all effective managers have is great communication skills. Communication skills cover a wide range of skills. For example writing skills, second storytelling, third verbal communication in one-to-one settings through to talking to groups, fourth presentational skills, fifth persuasion skills, sixth managing your tone and pace of voice, seventh managing your own body language and eight picking up clues from the other person's tone and pace of voice and their body language. We start learning communication skills when we're still in nappies and hopefully continue to practice and improve until the day we die. Taking the time to put yourself in the other person's shoes and understand or at least appreciate their pressures, fears, reference points, drivers, learning styles etc gives you a huge advantage in communicating effectively so the other party takes in what you're trying to communicate to them in a positive way that they can relate to. Taylor how you communicate to the audience you are communicating with as much as you're able to. I personally find trying to avoid corporate speak using words and sayings found typically management textbooks and trying to use everyday language as much as possible is really helpful. Make your messaging easy to understand by keeping it well structured and concise. Less is often more in terms of the key points in the messaging. Say the key message or the most important points first and then justify them second. Repeat the key points as needed. This way you make sure the other party takes in the message while they are most likely to be listening. This is the same as having a summary at the start of the report. I also find being as honest as possible helps a great deal. Humans are generally good at spotting a fake certainly in face-to-face conversations so avoid giving messages that you don't believe in where at all possible. The fifth skill all effective managers have is to be constantly educating. I have not found a better way than educating others to improve skills while creating goodwill, motivation and loyalty in others. I believe a massive part of being an effective manager is to support and help others to get the best out of themselves. There are so many ways of educating. Seven common ones being your firstly training programs, secondly mentoring, thirdly coaching, fourth buddy or peer learning systems, fifth exposure to different challenges, tasks and problems with the right level of support of course. Sixth reading lists, seventh video lists to watch etc. All of these education methods to work really effectively requires you to understand the other person's strengths and weaker areas, their ambitions and motivations and what you are trying to achieve with education. Remember you usually get more value for improving strengths than improving weaknesses and your team member will certainly enjoy this a lot more. I've also found that spending dedicated time mentoring and coaching those you directly manage each week is very effective and helps build strong relationships with your team. You also learn a lot in these sessions about what they do, their ideas and solutions, their frustrations and what you can do to de-hassle their work days. The sixth skill all effective managers have is effective delegation. Good delegation is another key skill of an effective manager. Delegation is not just telling team member to go and do a task or project and then waiting for what you've asked for to be delivered on time and exactly how you want it. There is a lot more to effective delegation. Good steps to take during the delegation cycle include firstly knowing what to delegate and what not to. Secondly, playing to team members strengths as much as possible by giving them tasks they are suited to do. Third, define the desired outcome, preferably with the person you are delegating to so everyone is clear about the goal to reach. Fourth, explain why you're asking so they have the ability to deal with all the minor problems that will come up without having to ask you each time. Fifth, provide the right level of resources, training and authority to the individual or team so they are equipped to succeed. And sixth, provide support, mentoring and coaching so the individual is more likely to succeed and learn in the process. Seven, allow for learning time and for unseen problems to be resolved. Eight, give plenty of feedback, you know what is going well and what needs to be worked on. This maximizes the learning opportunity for the other person and means you will need to get involved less next time. And nine, finally, give praise to reinforce positive behaviour where it is due. The simpler the task or project, you're delegating the quicker you can go through these steps. For more complex projects or tasks, you might go over several of these steps multiple times. Learn to delegate well and you will be able to scale your time and deliver more, which gives you the platform for promotions and career progression within management. The seventh skill all effective managers have is giving useful feedback. Giving useful feedback is an absolute must to be an effective manager. Feedback is needed to improve what a team member does for them to know what is being done well and what is falling short. Effective managers give feedback positive and negative without offending the person without creating resentment and without damaging the relationship. Remain calm, professional and considerate when giving feedback. A framework for giving specific feedback covers these points. Firstly, describe exactly what happened. Secondly, go through the impact of what happened. Third, explain why the action was good or bad. And fourth, talk through how to improve in future for both positive and negative feedback. Your feedback should be firstly designed to help the individual and aid their learning. Second, timely, give the feedback soon after the event issue or achievement. Third, be honest, tell it how it is.  Fourth, be specific, make the feedback detailed with examples and facts. Fifth, focus it on the actions taken or not taken rather than opinions about the person. Giving feedback that the other person pays attention to and takes in gets easier with practice. Always give feedback with the other person's development as the first priority. The eighth skill all effective managers have is planning ahead. The ability to understand and keep track of all the outcomes that they and their teams have to deliver the queries and the requests the team needs to respond to and the activities and projects that needs to be undertaken to deliver requires as good planning skills. If you are not firstly looking ahead or weighing up the time it will take to complete an activity or project or thinking about who is the best person to do a task or respond to a query or what problems might come up that delay completion or add in complications or what might happen to take away the team's capacity and skills. The new as a manager and your team will fall over quickly or fail to meet expectations of multiple stakeholders. I'm sure you can picture what that disaster would look like for you. Here are six examples of planning from the simple to the complex. Firstly, using to do lists. Secondly, allocating tasks and projects against staff that you have available. Third, creating project plans. Fourth, building forecasts, fifth, budgeting and sixth strategy creation. As your team gets bigger, get your team members to do more of the simpler planning. Keeping out of their way so they can plan is as important as doing planning yourself. The ninth skill all effective managers have is being good at problem solving. We're all employed to solve problems. Typically, as we get more senior in our careers and enter into the management ranks, we have to personally solve or organize others to solve a wider range of problems and or more complex problems and we have to problem solve more often. Understand the problem that needs to be solved is usually the hardest part of problem solving. Getting through the symptom problems to find the root cause problem is where many problem solvers fall down. Solving a problem but missing the key problem is not nearly as effective. So take the time to keep asking questions and looking at the data until you are sure you understand the full extent of the problem. The next four steps to take in standard frameworks to solve problems are secondly, generate options to solve the problem. Third, evaluate the options and choose the best option. Fourth, implement the solution and then fifth, measure the impact on the solution or progress being made and adjust the solution as needed. Implementing the solution is another step that many managers struggle with, particularly when there are lots of moving parts to organize and you have to take people through change. The tenth skill all effective managers have is effective decision making. Managers typically make the decisions firstly that have a bigger impact on the business or situation. Secondly, are about situations out of the normal and third are decisions on problems complex in nature. The consequences of getting these decisions wrong for the company and for us as individuals can make reaching a decision much harder. As we climb our career ladders, we get more and more practice and understanding different types of problems and working out how to make a decision. I think a big mistake people make is thinking that all decisions can be made with the same approach. You come up against many different types of problems or situations. Some fall into situations that you've seen before and thus can apply this approach that you've worked before. Some situations are more complicated and need analysis to find a sensible way forward. Some situations are complex with no right or logical answer or you have to choose between several negative outcomes which makes getting to a decision hard. And sometimes you have to make decisions in a fast changing environment where you don't have time to analyze or get the right answer. You just need to make a choice now. Effective managers and leaders learn how to shift their decision making styles to match changing business environments. Take a look at the sign thin framework which I think gives sensible frameworks to approach decision making in different situations. They have 10 skills all effective managers have based on my experience. As a quick reminder, these are firstly, good self-awareness. Second, very good at building relationships. Third, setting clear expectations. Fourth, great communication skills. Fifth, constantly educating. Sixth, effective delegators. Seven, giving useful feedback. Eight, planning ahead. Nine, problem solving and ten, effective decision making. Keep trying to improve and strengthen your skills in each of these areas whether you are new into management or have made it to the board level. The stronger these skills are, the more effective a manager and leader you will become. If you have any questions, please leave a comment below and I'll get back to you. Thanks very much for watching and I look forward to seeing you again soon.


The study evaluated the short and long-term efficacy and safety of exikizumab in patients with psoriasis according to their severity level, using data from uncover, to and uncover, three clinical trials. Both posi less than 20 and posi greater than or equal to 20 groups had significantly more IXEQ2W than ETN treated patients reach posi 75, 90, 100, an absolute posi less than or equal to 5, less than or equal to 2, and less than or equal to 1 at week 12. The study found that exikizumab demonstrated a high level of efficacy and had a consistent safety profile in patients with different baseline psoriasis severity levels. This article was authored by Legios Chemini, Lavisa Bergren, Martin Dawsonbub, and others.


One of the most iconic fights from all of Dragon Ball Super was Kefla vs Ultra Instinct Goku and it's a fight that I've wanted to see in a video game for a long time now. Luckily, thanks to Dragon Ball Fighters, we were able to see what an official Dragon Ball game's take on it would be, but today I want to see what a fan's game take on it would be in Budokai Tengai G4 as we continue with the fan-made Dragon Ball Super Saga. Will this boss fight be as impossible as the rest? I really hope not. This game has been incredibly hard. Oh, sword minigame. It's been a few days now since I played a Budokai Tengai G3 minigame, or four. Oh, the stage is looking way better than before. Destroyed Tournament of Power stage is clear as easy. Oh my god. Why does Bro have Eren's Titan form, y'all? You need to face the facts, Kefla. You cannot stop me now. Kefla bit off a little more than she could chew. It's time to call it quits. I'll be the judge of facts. All right. We are not perfect at Ultra Instinct yet. Despite what my profile picture would say, that is not accurate. I love the way this stage looks. The fans snapped with this one. The first Tournament of Power stage looks amateurish compared to this. Oh my gosh, she's dodging it. Come on, Kefla. Come on, Kefla. Oh, you don't want me to hit you with a godly display, do you? Pathetic. This might be the best-looking move Uaigoku has. If we're being honest, it might be the best-looking move. Look up. Couple of ki blasts for her. Ow. Okay, she returned fire. Gigantic ray. Damn! All right, so that was like the explosive wave for Kefla. I wonder what Kefla's ultimate looks like. Hopefully I do not see it. Because if I see it, that means I'm losing. Ah! Damn! Oh my god, dodging. And I didn't. How many did? A whole 11k? That's like an ultimate. Kefla, could you stop dodging? She released just as fast as she advertised. Nope, no unlimited power. I keep doing that. It's just not worth it. It takes too much health every time. The aftermath strike was a clutch decision there. Take one of these. All right, now we need to charge up. Where'd she go? Is she hiding? No, she's charging up herself. That's fine, Kefla. She has five bars. She's going unlimited.  She's crazy. Look at all the buffs she got. Hey, Kefla, don't be upset when I hit you with this. Oh, sweep the leg! Uaigoku's got to do the- Gigantic burst. Oh no! Damn, that was her ultimate! No way, you're not doing that again. In fact, I'm going to hit you with my ultimate. Oh no! You thought you were going to win? I told you I was going to hit you with my ultimate. Don't worry, I'll trigger the cutscene soon. Don't worry, I've seen it, comment section. But I just had to do this first. I had to prove something. All right, now get this cutscene in here. Oh. Is that your automatic ultra reflux thing or whatever? Oh, I thought she was going to be much more worried. I won't be outdone by anybody. I'll just capture up my own game too! She's got more power. She went full power like three times. Is she doing it in cutscene now? She doesn't need any more buffs. Oh, she did go up to full power. Did she do that before or after? Okay, I'm not really a big fan of how she got a health reset and I did not. Godly display. It is not looking good for me. Kefla is about to body me. She's about to send me back to the Budokai Tegai G3 main menu in a body bag. Stop. Stop, Kefla. Don't play. You play too much. You play too much. Damn. Kefla. Oh. Hands off the merchandise. Run. I can't think first. I can dodge that. I can dodge that. I can dodge that. Oh. Oh, I'm dead. I'm dead. I'm dead. That was a bad match for me, Kefla. You know that. Thanks, but I don't think that was it. I'm coming back to win. Okay, my rematch with Kefla starts now. I didn't realize that she was going to get a free ride to the next level. I blocked those. That's going to be a lot of chip though. How about a fully charged Kamehameha? I missed. Oh, overhead kick. Oh, slapped into the wall. Run. Yeah, man. Kefla's energy is roughly equivalent to that blast. Kefla's energy was equivalent to the whole Spear Bomb. That's kind of crazy. I've never heard that before. Please stop moving. I need to hit this. And Wild Sends. Wild Sends this. Oh, she didn't want to. Get off me. Stay back. Yes. He's in damage. Trigger the cutscene. Trigger the cutscene. Trigger the cutscene. Stop. Stop. The cutscene started like six years ago. No, no full power for you, Kefla. If you want it, you're going to have to do it the real way. Get back. Yeah, center flying through some rocks, Goku. Oh yeah, you want to talk all that trash, huh, Kefla? How about this? How about I hit you with the special? The instinctive Kamehameha. Yeah. And I wish, I wish so bad that she would fire a beam into the super. That would go crazy. That's me asking a lot though. I don't even think Bandai themselves would do that. So I'm not going to really be expecting some group of fans to do that. Yeah, we get an anime now. Base cannonball. No. Ten. For that. For all of that, I'm forced to deal with all of that. Damage. Oh no, it's almost over again.  Reflect it. Okay, we have to win. We have to clutch up. We only win one way though. We just have to spam. Unreal. That should have been a beam clash. We all know that should have been a beam clash.  Fire it, Goku. Fire the beam, Goku, please. Nice dodge, Goku. Clutch up. We needed that. We needed that. Don't move. She didn't. She just stood there. Next. Roger. You can't. That move is crazy. That move is the hitbox of a god. And also, it is just 10K. That's a full ultimate for me. I found a dragon ball though. That's cool. Damn. Step back, back in. Just, I gotta keep laying in the fisticuffs. Damn. Forget a combo.  Do me that. Wild sense. No, no, no. No powering up for you. She keeps trying to go get away from her, like, key charts like this. I'm not gonna let that happen though. Oh. Oh. Oh. Oh, come on. That should have been a five piece. I still have after mid-strike ready, I think.  Nice. It's the after mid-strike. I told you we set that up years ago. Damn. 3K. Notice how my beam does 3K and she does 11,000,000 damage. Kevlar, don't run. Don't run. It's only gonna get more embarrassing. Oh. It's only gonna get more embarrassing. Especially when I, what? Oops. No way because I accidentally paused it. Cheap. Oh, should have blocked those key blasts. Come here. And she used wild sense. And she has unlimited power. Okay, this is bad. Oh, she thought I wasn't gonna wait. She thought she had me fooled. She tried to fly her on the back, tried to pull a little fast one on me. Oh, no. Oh, no. This is bad. I'm about to get blown away. Ultimate. Oh, no. This is just as bad. You know it's awful when she could have ended me with her super. This is awful, dude. I lose. Oh, we backstep it. Don't run into it. Don't go coo. Oh, go coo. Why? That was awesome. No, it wasn't. All right, attempt number. I have no idea what attempt I'm on right now, to be honest. Oh, fire it. It still wins. That is the most busted move she has. It was a fully charged coming.  I'm restarting. That move has crazy tracking, Kefla. All right, so we've triggered the actual cutscene to the real battle starts now. I made it with four health bars, which is not a lot, but it's the best I could do, honestly.  This could be the run. Okay. Come on, come on. Block this, then. Yeah. Look at this. Speed. Counter. All right, we've got her with the full health bars now. We're only a couple of damage moves away. I can't even speak. I just need to hit her like a... Kick it in gear, go coo. Last second, counter. Okay. We didn't knock her that far away. She's coming right back. No. She tried to get that ultra power. I'm not going to let that happen. Oh, teleport that.  We got another cutscene. What happened? Oh, I'm just too cool for school. I'm just sitting here. Oh, they're going to have to send me to ISS. I'll wear my sunglasses inside. I'm not even going to take my hat off for real. I think this is all the power I need. Ooh, I don't need any more power. Wait, you trying to invite me to a beam clash? I'll do beam clash right now. No, it's not. Oh, she baited me. Oh, ultra instinct. Oh, don't try unlimited power again.  Why did she have full health? Why does she have full power, though? She doesn't need full health. And would you stop whispering my ear, Vegeta, please? Don't even try. Wild tense. What? Keflik's just showing off. Keflik's just showing off. She's trying to make me mad. Damn.  Why are you over there clapping your hands together? You didn't really think that punch would hurt me, did you? That's like 17 punches. Editors show it back. I punch her in the face like four times. Come on, Goku. Don't disappoint me. You can do better, can't you? Yeah, I'm starting to get a handle on it. I can do much better. Ooh. I'm winning this. Oh, you talked all that talk. No, no unlimited power. She keeps trying to do that. I'm not going to ever let that happen. She's fast. Damn, she's insanely fast. Dodge? Nice dodge. No, no. Pull up, Keflik. Oh, big mistake going for a move where you have to stand still while I'm charging that up. Don't do it again. I thought she was going to try it. Oh, grab from that range. She's insane. Help her with that. I'll take that. I'll take a break. We have a pretty big health lead right now. Honestly, after this ultimate, baby, I should try going full power. Grabs.  Anyway, we'll take the instinctive combat. Come here. Come here. Yeah. No, no, no. You were talking all that trash before right here. Die. Decent damage. Not going to be enough, but that's fine. I'm going to go full power. We almost did two life bars with that. They are really buffing me up. That move has been the bane of my existence. It tracks so well. Oh, you just went straight into your ultimate block. Oh, it's a good thing. I spent it all on after a strike. Yeah. Yeah. Looks like I'm not taking any chip damage on. I can't charge though. Oh, it hurts to charge.  It's time. Yes. It's time. Maybe we don't even have to do the ultimate ourselves. Maybe the game's going to make us do it. No, you won't. I'm nowhere close to dying. Say you swear. Oh, we're going to get to do it in a cut scene. I wonder if they make a slide over the beam. There's no way they were able to do that with the game's in-game systems. Surely not. Is this going to be crazy? She's doing the pose. No shot. Are we just going to beam clash, maybe? Nope. She just didn't even get to fire the beam. Bye-bye, Kefla. Kefla has finished a raise. Knock her out of the tournament of power. We win. It's over. We advance.  Let's go. Where's Jiren at? I'm trying to run it back with Jiren. Okay. It looks like before we actually get to the finale, the ultimate survival battle, we have to go through surpassing a god with Vegeta. So I'm going to do that next time on one of these videos playing through this fan-made game. I've been having such a blast with the series. Hopefully you guys are enjoying it as well. If you are, let me know down below in the comments and by hitting the like button. And hey, you can also check out some other videos that should be on your screen right now. Other than that, I've been Dr. Noia, and I will see you in the next video.


TEFL and TESOL courses come with a tutor support option. You will be assigned a personal tutor that you can consult and who will answer all your course-related questions for the duration of your TEFL or TESOL training. This personalized tutor feature greatly enhances your self-study experience and provides a helping hand, just like in-class TEFL and TESOL training, where you can refer back to your teacher trainer. The tutor support option also includes a video library with useful teaching videos that add to the course materials. These videos range from teaching tips and examples to English grammar explanations, and they are a great source of knowledge. You will also be able to download the videos and watch them whenever you want. The best part is if you sign up for an online TEFL or TESOL course with tutor support, you also get an additional TEFL or TESOL course free of charge. If you'd like to benefit from tailored tutoring, a vast selection of video lessons, and a free additional certification course, the tutored version of our TEFL and TESOL courses is the perfect solution. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


Mentorship is important to me because I believe it's a reciprocal relationship where both the mentee and the mentor get to join in forces and learn different skills. You know, I think connecting with other women that have experienced the same challenges as well as opportunities helps you gain perspective and plot your own path. It really helps to know that you aren't alone in whatever you are facing. I really enjoyed meeting new people, hearing their stories and being inspired by all the amazing women all around the world that worked in cybersecurity and participated in the program. I've got to meet other women who are also just getting started in their career in the cyberspace and we've got to exchange a lot of skills. Some of my goals included many more on network forensics, included cryptographic applications, DNS security, critical thinking and your communications which I really needed for crucial incident response, as well as digital inclusion for persons with disabilities. The Women in Cyber Mentorship program is viable. It's a proven concept that has a really high success rate. It simply works. It just opens your eyes to what's available. You can see new opportunities, you make new connections and you make new friendships that are going to last for a long time.