Hello and welcome to summary of all you need to know about the poem War Photographer by Caroline Duffy. I'll explain the meaning related to this poem as it appears in part 3 of the Pearson-Edexcel International GCSE anthology. Now do bear in mind that, in contrast to part 1 of the anthology which featured only non-fiction texts, and part 2 which is a mix of fiction short stories and poems, part 3 of this anthology exclusively features poems alone. So in this video, I'll highlight key language and literary devices used in the poem, and you'll learn how to analyse it. So let's get started. Now I'll begin by reading through the first two stanzas of this poem before pausing and pointing out literary techniques, and then I'll read through the remainder of the poem and we'll go through the other literary techniques that you should be aware of. So let's begin. In his dark room he's finally alone with spools of suffering set out in ordered rows. The only light is red and softly glows as though this were a church, and he, a priest, preparing to entone a mass. Belfast, Beirut, Nampen, all flesh is grass. He has a job to do. Solutions slop in trays beneath his hands which did not tremble then, though seem to now. Rural England, home again to ordinary pain which simple weather can dispel, to fields which don't explode beneath the feet of running children in a nightmare heat. Now of course as you probably have guessed this poem is showing and reflecting the experiences of a war photographer, an individual whose job is to go out to war-torn countries and war-torn cities in order to take pictures and very likely come home and publish these pictures in order to raise awareness in newspapers. Now the title is interesting because of course it focuses on the role and the job of this photographer who's a central character in this poem but it also makes us aware of the hostility of war and it foreshadows what the photographer will see. Also bear in mind that this poem is structured into four stanzas which are in cestets. In other words each stanza has six lines within it. Now the opening line in verse one or stanza one we are focused on him being in his dark room. Now this is a reference to a red room where negatives are developed and this comes down to very traditional photography where pictures are taken and then the negatives are taken from the camera and for the negatives to be effectively developed the photographer has to go to a red room where they develop these pictures. This is the optimum place where these negatives can develop. Moreover we learned that he is finally alone with spools of suffering. Now the metaphor and sibilance here highlights all the trauma and suffering he's seen and also if we go back to the idea of the photographer developing the pictures they usually take out the negatives from the camera and then as they're developing the picture they have to take out a tray full of water these spools and then the images which are on the piece of paper start forming. So of course this is also a metaphor for that. Now in line three the only light is red. Now this colour red has a double meaning as it's mentioned in this poem because it is alluding to the blood that's been shed at war but it also alludes the red light in the dark photography room so this is the red light which I've mentioned where a photographer develops their pictures and the negatives. Furthermore in line four the light is red and it softly glows as though this were a church. Now the simile hair likens the process that the photographer is engaging in in developing these pictures to a priest preparing for mass. This is a sacred process for the photographer they're really really careful they're paying so much attention as they're developing these images of these people who are horribly suffering at war. Moreover this is further emphasised with the reference to mass. Now mass is a religious Catholic ceremony and what this shows is that this process is extremely sacred to the photographer. Now there's a list of three different cities Belfast, Beirut and Nongpen and tricolon is used here by Caroline Duffy to refer to war-torn cities. Do you remember that Belfast is in Northern Ireland Beirut is the capital of Lebanon and Nongpen is in Vietnam. All three cities have seen extreme amounts of war so of course this is a few of the cities that the photographer has gone in to take pictures of to raise awareness. Moreover the reference to all flesh is grass. Now this is a biblical reference again it ties into the idea of mass and what this reference is is a reference to death and the afterlife and as the photographer perhaps is developing these images of people who are suffering it all depresses him as he's thinking of death and the afterlife. Now in the following stanza we learn he has a job to do. Now the Caesura hair after due highlights how he knows his should be dispassionate however he's finding it really hard to separate himself from the images that he's seeing. Now solutions slop in trays now the sibilance here again is emphasising the trays which are holding the pictures that are developing in this dark room and he can hear this movement of these pictures this solutions as it's the moving. Moreover on Jean-Pierre Montt is used continuously in this poem as you can see in the second verse and what this does is it speeds up the pace of the poem. Now we are focused on his hands and what this alliteration does is it focuses attention on his movement and it shows his trauma which we learn his hands are trembling meaning he's really traumatic even if he's trying to disassociate himself and be dispassionate he still can't help but tremble at the thought of the trauma that he's seen at war. Now in line nine we know that he's from England because he's back in rural England now this minor sentence shows his privilege the photographer's privilege and his sense of guilt at being able to escape the war-torn cities whilst he's going there taking pictures of these people who are suffering he can't leave he then leaves and comes back to a really peaceful rural England not even the busy capital city London but rural England which is a complete and stark contrast to the places of war that he's been to. Now he then comes back to what he sees as ordinary pain now the pre-modifier ordinary emphasises just the peacefulness of England especially the peacefulness of rural England which cannot even compare to the horror of war. Furthermore he's back to fields which don't explode beneath the feet now what this does and especially the onomatopoeia explode it refers to the landmines in war-torn countries which kill innocent people landmines are just basically hidden bombs that are put underground and when somebody walks on these hidden bombs they detonate and usually they kill or they maim and severely disable people and of course in these war-torn countries there's a lot of innocent civilians innocent young children who run on these grounds not realising that there's a bomb hidden underneath and then they become maimed to get killed and so this is really really tragic and horrific. Furthermore this is further emphasised with the reference to the running children in the nightmare heat now the running children this present continuous verb running this emphasises just the innocence but this innocence is stolen because they're trying to have fun the running around and then they get killed or they become maimed so they become disabled because of running on these landmines. Moreover the reference to the nightmare heat this shows the photographer's experience of how war in a hot country can feel really hellish so let's continue something is happening a stranger's features faintly start to twist before his eyes a half formed ghost he remembers the cries of this man's wife how he sought approval without words to do what someone must and how the blood stained into foreign dust a hundred agonies in black and white from which his editor will pick out five or six for sunday's supplement the reader's eyeballs prick with tears between bath and pre-launch beers from the airplane he stares impassively at where he earns a living and they do not care. Now these final two verses in the poem essentially show that images have become developed he's created and taken pictures of hundreds and hundreds of images however contrary to what he wants to do which is have them published in a newspaper and raise awareness we learn that he becomes very disillusioned because we realise that this is a job for him but equally he feels like he's not really having much of an impact through his work the editor will maybe pick out a few of the pictures the worst maybe and then readers who are desensitised to these horrible images of war around the world they'll maybe read it feel a little bit sad but then move on they go and have a beer in england and so the photographer is perhaps quite disgusted at the passivity of people in england and in the developed world towards people suffering in countries which are war-torn. Now in verse three there's a turning point something is happening now the Volta here is emphasised by the simple sentence and it's quite mysterious and we're on edge we're wondering okay something's happening what is happening and this Volta is further emphasised through this Azura. Now this mystery is revealed as strange as features faintly start to twist before his eyes and the litteration of features and faintly captures a slow formation of the photography the photographic image of this person that the photographer has taken a picture of he really some this particular image really captures his attention as he's developing it now in line 15 there's the reference to this image in particular it looks like a half formed ghost now there's a double meaning here because the negatives of the picture if you hold a negative up to light it seems almost ghostly because it's just a negative of the picture however also the image in the other side of this meaning is that the man is half dead so he's taken a picture of a man that's dying so this is a really really loaded term and a loaded reference then the photographer recalls so now this is the trauma still haunting him he recalls the cries of the man's wife and the onomatopoeia here is really powerful because it shows the man's cries so this man who took a picture of who was dying his wife was next to him crying her piercing cries still haunt this photographer and we learn how he sought approval now the literation emphasizes his guilt he's going to a man who's dying perhaps is he's dying in his wife's arms and as his wife is crying and shrieking from grief he takes a picture so this is showing that he feels so guilty at doing this rather than perhaps even helping them he's just taking a picture and then here there's afterwards is the enjambement how he sought approval and again as i mentioned enjambement speeds up the pace of the poem and he sought approval without words to do what someone must now the eliteration again without words shows his mute all he can do is walk up to this woman who's crying grief from losing her husband and just take picture and perhaps he has a look or feeling sorry in his eyes but really he's he can't do much else and he feels really guilty and not doing more then he mentions do what someone must and there's a rhyming couplet dust the following term in the following line now what this shows again is that this creates a sense of predictability this is a pattern that the photographer does each country he goes to he has to take a picture he has to maybe creep up to people who are crying mourning and take a picture of the dead relative and he's in some ways quite disgusted with his behavior and his actions but he doesn't feel like he has much choice and of course this lack of choice is emphasized through the term in the modal verb must then there's a reference to the blood stained into foreign dust now the reference to foreign dust hints that people's lives outside of the west are just simply less valuable and this is of course further emphasized later on when we learned that these pictures are published in a newspaper people will read them and then just throw away the newspaper and carry on with their lives as regular and so what this is showing is the photographer is slowly coming to the realization that actually people don't really care about these war-torn countries as long as it's not affecting them in the west they don't seem to care too much about changing things in these war-torn countries now in the final stanza he looks at the different images he's developed a hundred agonies and this hyperbole illustrates the vast amount of pictures he's taken but of course the vast amount of suffering that the photographer has seen on his global travels to these war-torn countries now he's looking at these images in black and white and this oxymoron references to the black and white newspaper print of course it's going to be printed in a newspaper now the the reference to his editor shows the reason why he goes on these travels he has to take them for his job as a journalist as a photography journalist now what this is showing is that there's a sense of guilt that the pictures are just almost for a spectacle in a newspaper a spectacle of poverty a spectacle of war before people who look at these horrific images just throw them and the whole newspaper will wait in the bin now the editor will pick out five or six for sunday's supplement and the sibilancist sunday's supplement shows how everything that he sees all the images hundreds and hundreds of pictures he takes with all the individual stories they will all be whittled down to just a few images for a newspaper so maybe the photographer here feels like these people being really too humanized people don't quite care they're only seeing this almost for a spectacle now he imagines how the reader's eyeballs prick with tears so he imagines maybe the person who picks up sunday's supplement might feel just a little bit sad as they look at some of these images the few that are chosen however the photographer feels like these emotions are probably going to be very inauthentic because soon after they're going to go out they're going to have a bath and then go out for some pre-lunch beers so really they're not that massively impacted they read this story of a war-torn country they see some horrible images but then they are still okay to just go out for some beers and forget about everything so what this is showing perhaps is the photographer's disgust at how people in england don't care enough about global suffering they'll maybe read about it feel a little bit guilty their emotions are a little bit inauthentic but then they just carry on with their lives afterwards then the photographer is back going back to another job in another country from the aeroplane he says impassively now the reference to the aeroplane shows he's traveling to yet another war-torn country but he seems to be very disillusioned with this process and he's staring impassively now the adverb impassively shows he feels really disillusioned he feels powerless to influence things and he also feels really defeated especially when it comes to him submitting these pictures it doesn't feel like perhaps he's moving the needle pushing anything in terms of showing the extreme suffering that he's seeing around the world now the reference to the third person pronoun they refers to people in the west they just simply don't seem to care and this is perhaps an epiphany that the photographer has and he's quite disgusted at it so that's all if you found this video useful do note that we have an in-depth extensive course covering all the texts and poems in parts one two and three of the Pearson Edexcel International GCSE anthology so make sure you sign up for this course for explanations on all the texts as well as model answers also check out our website www.firstrecheaters.com where you can find plenty of English revision worksheets model answers and online courses covering all the major English syllabuses including Edexcel, AQA and IGCSE thank you so much for watching


We've talked in previous videos about the workings of the blockchain and the evolution of this technology, but its true potential and significance can only really be understood in the context of broader technological changes brought about in the ongoing evolution of the internet and information technology. People will make big claims about the potential of the blockchain to revolutionise the foundations of social and economic organisation, but the blockchain can only have such potential as part of a broader ecosystem of technologies that are emerging as the next generation of the internet, what may be called Web 3.0 or the decentralised web. Today, powerful technological changes are coalescing to take us into a new technology paradigm. These include the rise of advanced analytics coupled with datification and the internet of things, the blockchain will have to work synergistically with these if its true capacities are to be realised. But to understand this next generation web, we need to understand a bit about the history of the internet. Going back to the early 90s, web 1.0 was the first generation of the worldwide web, it was based primarily on the technology of HTTP, which worked to link documents on different computers and make them accessible over the internet. HTML was then used to display these documents so that any connected computer with a browser could access and read a web page. This first iteration of the web was all about information, as it enabled us to exchange information much more efficiently and had to got the name Information Super Highway. Even though it was a revolution in information exchange, content creators were few with the vast majority of users simply acting as consumers of content, it was really very static and lacked interactivity. Whereas in the web 1.0 era, people were limited to passive viewing of content. With web 2.0, websites allowed users to interact, collaborate and become the creators of content. With web 2.0, people could not only read from the web, but also write to it, and thus it got the nickname the Read Write Web. By the early 2000s, new server-side scripting technologies such as PHP enabled developers to easily build applications where people could write information to a database, with that information then being dynamically updated every time they refreshed a page. Most all of the websites that dominate the web today are based on this server-side scripting technology.  The idea of web 3.0 has been around for a while, but it's only very recently with the development of the blockchain that it has actually started to become something real. Web 2.0 has evolved to become highly centralized around very large platforms running out of ever larger data centers, creating many issues surrounding security, privacy, control and concentration of power in the hands of large enterprises. It's only today that these issues are starting to enter into mainstream discourse. Web 3.0 is set to disrupt this whole technology paradigm, as the critical change that is coming about is that we're decentralizing the web. The blockchain provides the protocols and cryptography for a globally distributed network of computers to collaborate on maintaining a public, secure database, and with a virtual machine like Ethereum we can run code on this, creating a new set of distributed applications. These new technologies of the blockchain, IPFS, and the distributed web enable us to reconfigure the internet into a distributed global computer, so that we're no longer dependent upon the web platforms and data centers of Web 2.0 to run the internet, but now can build and run applications on this shared global computing infrastructure. As Mike Leapolt of the Institute for the Future noted, it starts with the realization that the internet that we know today is only one possible interpretation of the original vision of an open, peer-to-peer network independent of any centralized technology, commercial entity, or sovereign government. Think of it as a first curve internet, one that is increasingly vulnerable to abuse and even collapse. To date, we've largely taken the infrastructure of the internet for granted. All of the innovation and action has been focused on the application layer that sits on top of it, on web applications like social networking or e-commerce. With the development of blockchain, and particularly with this third generation, we're starting to innovate on the low-level protocols, asking not if we can build a better web application, but if we can build a better internet. The implications of the decentralized web are indeed radical, in that it enables us to create automated services, disintermediate existing incumbents, and enable people to set up their own secure networks of exchange in powering them in new ways. The blockchain will be a core part of web 3.0, but the next generation internet would also see the convergence of the internet of things and big data analytics. The ongoing, fundamental process of datafication will be a key aspect to this next generation internet. As we increase in the instrument our world, data will flow from all sources about everything. Datafication is the term given to our newly found ability to capture as data many aspects of the world in our lives that have never been quantified before. This process results in what we call big data. Last amounts of unstructured data that can be mined by advanced analytical methods to gain new insight into the world around us. This is important with respect to the blockchain, because firstly it means we'll have a lot of sensitive data that we'll want to store. Secondly we will be quantifying, accounting for and exchanging all sorts of value that we did not or could not in the past. Thirdly, such a diversity of sources of data, combined with advanced analytics which can find cross correlations and patterns within it, can provide a new source to verify the data that is being inputted to the blockchain without depending on a centralized authority for validation. The next generation internet will be much smarter, whereas web 1 was dumb and web 2 was dynamic, Web 3 will incorporate various aspects of machine learning and cognitive computing as a service as it becomes infused into almost all applications, making the web truly adaptive, responsive and personalized. Whereas web 1 and web 2 were largely about people exchanging information. In web 3, machines will come online and the internet will become something much more physical as billions of devices and actuators connect it to all sorts of things, from tractors to watches to factories and drones, enabling them to interact and coordinate machine to machine. The value of the internet of things, IoT, will not be in making one device or system smart, it will be in enabling seamless processes across systems. This will require open networks that can communicate and coordinate components on demand across domains, organizations and systems. The end vision of IoT is not to have our lives populated with thousands of smart things, but instead to change our world from discrete things to service processes. To do this, these technologies will have to communicate securely, peer to peer, dynamically allocating resources and this will require some kind of distributed secure infrastructure like the blockchain and likewise micro economies. This ties in with the broader process of change which comes about as we move into a services economy called serviceization, which is the shift from products and the ownership of things to the access of services on demand. For example, instead of only a car, you simply have access to a car sharing service. This economy of temporary usage via services requires the formation of frictionless markets and automated exchanges that the blockchain is well suited to support, as we'll discuss in a future video. These components of the next generation internet, the blockchain, the internet of things and advanced analytics are each of them very powerful technologies that will have a profound effect on society. They will take us much further into this new world to the information age as power shifts in a radical way from people in hierarchical institutions to automated networks and the algorithms that coordinate them. In the coming decades, more and more of our systems of organization will move to the internet and it will become vastly more complex than today. In web one and web two, we developed the internet from small to large through a client server architecture that worked to centralize the web around large data centers. But the internet after datification and all these IOT devices have come online will not be large, it will be more like infinite. You can get from small to large by centralizing but you get from large to infinity through distributing and that's what the blockchain can do for this next generation internet.


Ladies and gentlemen, it is a great pleasure to celebrate 20 years of the Autoridade Financially Marketer. I would like to congratulate the IFM for their commitment to promoting fair and transparent financial markets over the last 20 years. In the Netherlands, we have an efficient and competitive market, and the rules of regulation are clear. The key question is, how can we make sure that all this truly works for the benefits of customers, even with the changes that are forthcoming? This indeed is a good time to pause, take stock, and think about the future opportunities and risks. In my capacity as UN Special Advocate for Inclusive Finance for Development, I have witnessed how digital innovation has brought tremendous promise for financial inclusion and financial health. For example, the rapid growth in mobile phone news and new customer data drill are offering exciting new ways to reach new markets and spur innovation. But there are also new risks, even in developed markets. Financial services driven by artificial intelligence can create patterns of bias and exclusion. And algorithms can misinterpret mobile data in ways that make it difficult for small business owners, the elderly, and refugees, for example, to engage. Consider pensioners, who is not very digitally savvy, with a small contact list on his phone and no social media accounts. He may not be offered credit or insurance, as an algorithm could misunderstand this, as him not having a robust social network and no support to rely on if he falls behind on his payments. This is just one example on how algorithms can actually exclude more than include. There is more work to be done to better understand these risks and to make sure that customers are protected and included in the financial system. We need to begin speeding up the collaboration. It will be critical to work together. For example, in developing algorithm-ordered tools, I'm putting in place ombudsmen to assess algorithms on behalf of customers, or in building public good data pools that help reduce historical biases. Another important issue is the empowerment of customers and SMEs. They deserve transparency and involvement in the collection, sharing, and use of their data. This is urgent. As big-time platforms increasingly explore using their customers' data footprints to embed financial services in social media, e-commerce, and entertainment platforms. Individuals and businesses often do not know the value of the data they create. And even if they do, they find it difficult to assert their rights. Most customers grant consent without reading their terms and conditions, which are often long and hard to comprehend. This is, of course, something that we all recognize in our daily lives. And even if a small business were aware of its data value, it would face restricted accessibility. In this way, data becomes astranded assets. For customers, it is nearly impossible to share their data trails to get lower insurance quotes or interest rates or loans. They cannot benefit from their own data. We need to place the customers at the heart of all activities and act upon their needs and keep the capacities. Digital products and services should not only do no harm, they should do good as well. Are they helping customers to be more resilient? Do they support their financial health? For example, credit products can help people meet their long-term goals, but too much debt can damage financial health. Emerging models such as Buy Now, Pay Later could be effective in smoothing consumption, but use of credit for everyday needs could also be a signal of financial stress. Adopting a financial health perspective can provide useful early warning of rising debt burdens. There are many opportunities to promote financial health. Think of saving products with nudges to help people meet their financial goal perhaps for a holiday, therefore save now, pay later. And financial health makes business sense. Financial healthy customers can pay their loans on time, purchase other products and services and cost less time to serve. In addition, there are three times more likely to recommend institutions to other. An essential step to support financial health is measurement, of course. For example, by encouraging financial institutions to track the financial health of their customers. During today's conference, you will be able to discuss all these important issues. How can we mitigate bias from algorithms? How can we empower individuals and SMEs with our own data? How can we encourage the development of financial products that enhance customers' resilience and financial health? We are lucky to have many leading supervisors, regulators, policymakers and financial sector practitioners here today from the Netherlands and other European countries. Your role is crucial. I wish you every success and your efforts to create a digital financial system which really benefits everyone. Thank you very much.


Thank you, Chad, for the wonderful introduction. I'm Varun Singh, CEO of CallStats.io, a startup based out of Helsinki, Finland. CallStats' basic promise is to help detect, diagnose, and deploy fixes for our customers in real time. Although today's talk is a bit more about how you guys can build your own platforms in a more elegant way using the statistics API from WebRTC. I'm going to, first of all, begin with a small refresher about the protocols for multimedia. So when we talk about multimedia systems, especially like WebRTC, there are a bit of things that multimedia system needs to do. So one, it needs to capture audio and video. These come in a couple of codecs. For video, you have H264, you have VP8, VP9, and more codecs in the future for audio. There is G711, G722, and Opus. And typically, an endpoint, which is a multimedia system, captures the audio and the video packets or frames at first, then packetizes them and sends them over to the network. On the receiving side, the endpoint receives these packets, depacketizes them, has a jitter buffer to make sure that plays out correctly, and then basically renders it. And so just a bit about how we do this. Typically, we use a protocol called RTP, which stands for real-time transport protocol. Typically, in the next few charts, I'm only going to talk about senders and receivers to just to make sure that people understand how this works. So in these cases, the media is only flowing in one direction, but with ViberTC, media flows in both directions. So in this case, you have a sender and receiver. The sender is encapsulating the audio and the video packets and sending them across the network. Along with the media packets, it might send protection packets. It might send retransmissions. It might send repair packets, so on and so forth, in case packets get lost. At the receiver, the receiver is receiving these packets and playing them out. It needs some information to play out these packets in synchronized manner, especially when it's getting audio and video. So it has a jitter buffer, and it also monitors some monitoring and reporting so that endpoints can look at the data locally and see if the media is being rendered properly or not. With RTP, there is also a control protocol associated with it. It's called RTCP, which is RTP control protocol. And there is, of course, to create a feedback loop between the sender and the receiver. As I said, the receiver needs to play back audio and video in a synchronized manner. So the sender sends some timing information from the sender to the receiver so that it can play them out in an accurate, smooth manner so that there is no AV desync problems. At the receiver, it needs to send data back to the sender so that the sender can adapt. Typically, this is carried in RTCP's receiver reports, or called RTCPRRs. They have rough statistics and some congestion cues, which helps the sender do short-term adaptation. And when I talk about short-term adaptation, this can be automatic bandwidth control or adapting the media bitrate, or resolution, or frame rate based on the network characteristics observed at the receiver. So this was a quick recap of the protocols associated with multimedia and today with WebRTC. So we do all this mainly because every application service wants to have really high quality video and audio. And typically, that requires, especially in WebRTC case, the latencies for these systems to be low so that you can hear and interact with the people in real times. And the talk before, for example, talked about what happens when these situations are encountered. And one of the proposals was to do a pretest. And the pretest is all good because you make sure that the call starts off very well. But if the calls are long enough, there might be issues that people may encounter during a call. This might be people, someone turns on their microwave or people walk out of the door, lose connectivity, and so on and so forth. So when we talk about WebRTC, we want to always say we want the highest quality of audio and video. But literally, the most important thing is not the highest quality audio video. You want optimal audio quality and optimal video quality. But the most important part is to have interactivity. And that is guaranteed a bit by having lower latency. And when I talk about low latency, I also mean lower one-way delay or lower RTTs. They're all synonyms for the same metric. For example, in this chart, you can see that this is a call which is about 260 seconds. The y-axis is the delay or the one-way delay measured by the endpoints. What you see is also a red line, which is the ITUT standard for audio latency. Typically, when you say the audio latency should be below this for a call to be considered good. And in the chart, you can see that the audio latency from one endpoint to the other is spiky. At the beginning of the call, it's lower. But towards the end of the call, around 200 seconds in, you see a three-second spike. And that's not it. The spikes continue after. So one of the most important things is about being able to measure this and to be able to respond to customer support tickets when they say they had a bad quality of experience. A bit more about quality of experience is the ability to measure the user experience. And when we talk about WebRTC, the most important thing we talk about is the call experience, the duration of the call from the start to the end. And you want to be able to measure the quality of experience by collecting metrics. And you also want to collect user interactions. For example, did they turn off their audio? Did they turn off their video? At some point, did they switch from their camera to screen sharing? Did they switch back and so on and so forth? Because you want to be able to correlate the metrics that you see during the call experience with user actions.  Then you can speculate why they may have done that later on. The other bit, and it was also an important factor in the talk by Google earlier on by Daniel Peterson, was the call setup time and how important it is. So when you build applications, you want to be able to measure when the call started, when was the interaction made, and when did the first media frame arrive so that you can say the call has begun. And that's an important aspect, because if the call takes too much time to set up, people might get a bit annoyed or just leave. And you might have a larger fall off in your usability of the product. At the end of the call, typically you've seen with Skype and various other applications that at the end of the call, they ask the end user how the quality of the call was. It's really important to ask the right question, because if you do not ask the right question, you might get really weird feedback. So being able to say, like, did you experience specific annoying issues with the video or with the audio is a better thing than just saying, please rate the quality of the call. Because you might get answers like, for example, one of the times we've seen, an end user said, I do not see Mary. And it's an interesting question. You'd wonder who Mary is, and if she was expected to be on the call, for example. More about measuring user experience, depending on what type of service you build, for example, Hangouts and other services, when you pass a URL or give a URL to a person, the video immediately starts rendering. In those cases, you want to be able to measure the page load times and so on and so forth to make sure that the call starts immediately in a snappy manner. You want to make sure that all the libraries that the call depends on are loaded ahead of time. And if you have any issues with caching or with some JavaScripts, you want to make sure that you are able to measure those at the beginning of the call. The other thing is that not all calls work that way. There are other calls where, for example, on Slack, you press a button and are initiated into a call. You want to actually see what happens at the point when you press that button. So you want to be able to capture all those aspects of the call initialization process just to make sure that you have all the data available for you to measure user experience. So as I said, so there are a lot of things that you can do in terms of measurement. And typically, you can do that at the network level. So you get bits per second. You get RTT. So those are network statistics. And the second level of information you want is the multimedia statistics. You want to know if a frame was rendered, if there were burst frame losses, was the audio and the video played out synchronize. Asynchronously so that you know that the pipeline is working in a correct manner. Above all, what you want to make sure is when you have these network metrics and the multimedia pipeline metrics, you are able to create models out of them that we call annoyances so that you can say, for example, the resolution changed by too much. So you started at 4K or 1080p, and the video resolution dropped to 640p or 480p very quickly and over a very short period of time and maybe went back up to HD video in a very short period. So those things are annoying for users, for example, because the quality of the video has changed dramatically over very short periods. And by measuring those things, you can come up with your own quality metrics, depending on the kind of service you're building. So there are some services where you want low frame rates or some others you want high frame rates and maybe optimal resolutions. And you can do that today by using the GetStats API. So the GetStats API is at the top where it says that there's an interface on the peer connection, which you can call. The response to the peer connection or to the GetStats API is asynchronous. You call the API and a short time later, asynchronously you get a callback which gives you an answer about the data in it. You can call it at the peer connection level or if you know which stream you're interested in, for example, an audio or a particular video stream, you can call the GetStats on that particular stream. You can call the API as often as you want. Typically, if you call it quicker than 150 milliseconds, you're gonna probably get the same response back as you got a moment ago. And you can call the, by calling the API more often, you can get a series of data which might show you the trend. For example, what is happening? So is the bit rate increasing or is the bit rate decreasing? So that is one of the charts that you saw before was we're calling peer GetStats more often about every one second. Here's an example. For example, in this case, we're interested in the audio latency or in this case, audio track latency. We call the GetStats on the peer connection and this is a promise API. So as soon as the data is available, the then function would be called and if it fails then the catch would be called. So if there was some error in GetStats, when you call GetStats, if it was not implemented or so on and so forth, there would be a log error displayed in the catch statement. And as you can see, in this case, I'm just logging almost all the data out of the outbound statistics for the audio. And the reason I did that was the RTP's RTT or round trip time is measured at the sender. So you send a packet and it sends something back and you measure the time taken for that interaction. So if you want to measure the RTT, you call the outbound RTP. You can see the output on the right side where it says the packet sends, byte send and round trip time. In this case, the round trip time is in milliseconds so it's 31 milliseconds. When we talk about metrics, another way of looking at it is that there is media flowing between Alice and Bob in this case. Again, for simplicity reasons, I'm only showing media in one direction. And you can gather statistics across the pipeline. So at the sender side, there are tracks, there are audio-video tracks, that are put into a sender which is an RTP sender which sends the data over the network through an ICE transport. And at the receiver side, the data is received on the ICE transport and given to the RTP receiver where it depacketizes it and sends it to the right track. So in most cases, you can call getStats on all these objects to get accurate information related to that particular stream, for example. So I'm just gonna walk you through a quick example of the skull between two people. So there is a user zero and there's a user one. And I'm only using the data that is going from user one to, from zero to one shown by the orange line. And we're just showing the frame width in this case. Sorry, it is frame width on the top, I say frame height, apologies for that. And as you can see at the beginning of the call, the frame width is 1080p, it quickly drops to 640, I believe, and then remains constant for most of the period and then around 1600 to 1800, it switches between the current and higher and then comes back down. So at the tracks level, you can see the data related to the tracks. So in this case, we're showing the resolution. At the RTP center level, you can look at the throughput. And for example, in this case, you can see the throughput is not always constant. It is like varying at the beginning of the call, it goes up to 2600, then drops. And there are quite a moments where it drops below one megabit per second. And towards the 1600 and 1800, what you notice is that the bandwidth drops quite a lot very quickly and then goes back up and comes back down. So this is similar to the frames, this might be one of the reasons why the frame width was changing in this period of time. But it's also interesting because we see these drops in the middle between 600 to 1200 that do not really cause any variation in the frame width on the previous slide was basically flat from the beginning till the end. So one of the things that we noticed was we went down to the ice transport and we looked at what are the losses that we're seeing on the same path. And what we noticed is that there are periods of 40% losses which coincide in the beginning like at 400, 800 and 1200. We noticed these kind of peaks in packet loss which perhaps indicate why the throughput or the media throughput dropped in that period. But, and the other thing that we noticed is that around 1200 and 1400 you see spikes again which along with the fact that the bandwidth also fluctuated in this period, kind of is indicative of the fact that the congestion control tried to change the frame width and the resolution to overcome these losses and in the lack of capacity in this period. So these are things that you can do if you have data across the pipeline being able to go and investigate after the fact. So I'm just gonna walk you through another example of a simplified e-model. This is for G711. It's a recommendation from ITUT from maybe 25, 30, maybe even earlier years ago. And what it basically says is the one way delay from the mouth to the ear should be within bounds. So at the highest level, if you want users to be very satisfied the mouth to ear delay should be about 250 milliseconds. And at the worst case, if it's above 500 milliseconds, then it's considered bad or the user is dissatisfied. And this is fairly easy to implement today because we have the GetStats API. And remember at the beginning of the charts before I talked about the GetStats API. So we were just repurposing that data again. So you have a selector which is only using the audio tracks and we're looking at the GetStats API only for the audio track. And in this case, we are pulling it at every one second interval. So that's why there's a timeout that will get the RTT measurements every one second. And we can look at the variation over a longer period of time. The next thing we want to do is we want to be able to look at the outbound RTT. As I said before, the round trip time or the RTT is only measured at the center side. So we want to look at the metrics at the center side which is the outbound RTT and the local statistics for that audio stream. And what we're going to do is every time we get a round trip time measurement, we're going to put it into an array so that we can calculate an average over the lifetime. So you can either take from the beginning of the call or you can take 10 second samples or 20 second samples or longer samples for measurements depending on how robust you want the metric to be. And once you have calculated the round trip time average, you can divide that by two and pass that to the simple e-model which would then go and compare it to the graph that I'd shown at the beginning of the call. And you can log that, for example, locally or you can send that data to your logging service where you would be able to show the variation of the call quality for that particular person over a period of time. So this was just an example and you're wondering what you could do more. It's not just about the GetStats API. You can also attach yourself to the I States. So there's something called on I State Change. You want to attach yourself to that because whenever it goes to disconnected state, for example, or if it fails, you want to be at the application level, be aware of the fact that you lost connectivity or the connectivity is only momentarily lost because you can build things. For example, when a user complains that they did not have any good quality or they could not hear a person. For example, in our case, what we've done is we have this visualization where we have three participants in a call. They're present for about 16 to 18 minutes and we have this metric called disruption which means that either they lost connectivity, so the network address changed or there was low available capacity or very high RTT or very high losses. So in this case, you can see that by the gray periods on the charts, the most important thing to notice is that the third user AE is disrupted for about eight minutes with this user E6 and in this case, it's because that he was experiencing very high latencies during that period. So at the high level, if you go and look at your logs, you can easily look at this disruption, for example, and if a user complains, you're kind of aware that you're also seeing the same behavior that the user is complaining about. And then you can, as a second step, go and try to diagnose what those reasons might be. The common occurrence that we hypothesized earlier was the fact that whenever you have like low bandwidth situations or losses and you can't hear the other person, typically at least I go and try to switch off my video and sometimes turn off my audio and then turn them back on to see if the person will be able to hear me better. So I turn off my video in the process to see if that happens. And in this case, there are three people in the call again and all three are disrupted using the same definition of disrupted as before at the same time. And what we see now is that the users are actually turning off their video and turning them back on. So each liner presents like their interaction. And this is another way of looking at like how people are self-diagnosing their issues by turning off video. And this is how we do analytics. And that's why you don't only need data from the GetStats API, but you want to like leverage as much information and context that you can gather from your application. If you're interested in more about GetStats, I'm one of the co-authors with Harold Alvestran from Google about the GetStats API. It's available at a URL listed there. We recently updated the document maybe six, eight weeks ago. We're going to update it again over the next few weeks before the end of the year. So if you're more interested in using the GetStats API, you can have a look there. The other thing that we learned over the last few years is that, you know, our customers needed to deploy more turn servers. Some of them needed to go down to introducing TCP support. For example, this summer, there was an app or a product which was targeting, let's say, 12 to 18-year-olds, so people or children at school. And they released the app just before summer began or just after the schools closed down. And, you know, the app was available over the summer and about the week when schools reopened, what they saw was, you know, they were seeing more failures on their network or on their calls. And also, there were a lot more turn servers were being used. And one of the things that was causing this was when people went back to school, the schools have very restrictive firewalls that they did not anticipate and during the summer did not notice because they were at home and the home typical normal turn servers were okay. But at the school, they noticed that, you know, because of the restrictive firewalls, there was, they needed to deploy turn TCP that happened on a particular like day of the week, which they did not anticipate for the first few months that they were in production. The other things that we've noticed is that our customers start to detect crashes and disruptions and the talk before and after they're gonna talk about like how you can reset up the call or handle these crashes in a more elegant way. So the crashes might be because of the pipeline crashing or because the screen sharing plugin crashing or even loss in network connectivity. So to summarize my talk covered a bit the basics of RTP and RTCP, the protocols required for carrying audio and video, a brief introduction to GetStats API, the talk before mine already introduced it at a certain level. So I hope you have more use cases or more ideas about using the GetStats API in your own apps. And I showed a simplified e-model that you can use today if you're using G711 audio codec. Thank you.


Number one, here's one you probably never heard of fermented long pepper. What the heck is that? Well studies have shown that long pepper, look it up, a traditional Chinese spice herb has remarkably good effects on blood pressure. In fact, if you ferment long pepper, it is one of the more effective ways of lowering blood pressure. Traditional Chinese medicine has found most peppers contain a compound called piperine and you'll see also lots of supplements for instance turmeric will have bioparin or piperine added to improve the absorption of bioactive compounds like turmeric and so just the piperine or bioparin in long peppers has a benefit. Also there's some interesting studies on fermented long pepper. Anytime you ferment polyphenols, as you've heard me say before, you make them more bioavailable than if you took them in their regular form. Now the good news is your gut bacteria will ferment these compounds but if you ferment them before they get to your gut bacteria, you're one step ahead and will probably even improve the absorption even better. Okay number two, rosemary. I can't say enough about the benefits of rosemary. This was really brought to the forefront a few years ago by the study of the people of Aciaroli, Italy, a small town south of Naples on the coast of Italy that I visited. There are more people over a hundred years of age in this town than anywhere in the world as a percentage of population. One of the unique things about the Aciarolians is that they eat large amounts of rosemary. They chew rosemary. They use it in their cooking. Scientists, cardiologists particularly from the University of California, San Diego have found fascinating compounds in rosemary that may account for some of the benefit. One of course is rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid is one of the most potent antihistamines ever discovered. Rosmarinic acid and curcitin, I give my patients with allergies and we've had remarkable success with both of those compounds. There's also a compound in rosemary called carnicinic acid and this actually dilates blood vessels. Studies and animals show it protects from myocardial ischemia, basically a heart attack. Rosmarinic acid has lowered cholesterol levels and rosemary extract in one study has had a mild diuretic effect. As most people know one of our first treatments of high blood pressure is giving you a diuretic to lower your blood pressure. So those smart Aciarolians are doing a lot of great things for their heart just by adding rosemary to their diet. Now you can go and chew rosemary. It certainly has a pungent flavor. I like it. I cook with rosemary a lot. You can even add dried rosemary when you're cooking just about anything or even think about getting it fresh and sprinkling it on your food. Worst comes to worst, get yourself some rosemary extract capsules and you'll be fine. Basil. Basil is part of the mint family and basil in ancient Rome was called salvia and salvia was so named because it saves your life. Basil also has some very unique properties in lowering cholesterol, in lowering blood pressure. Basil is a great source of vitamin K, both vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. It's also a really good source for potassium. Potassium is one of the two main compounds along with magnesium that helps regulate blood pressure, that helps regulate heart rhythm. Whenever I have people with skipped heartbeats, extrabeats, the first thing I do is put them on a potassium magnesium supplement. Basil is a great way to get potassium into your diet. Now it's also great for your gut health. Basil is loaded with fiber and your gut bacteria as you've heard me say over and over again need to eat prebiotic fiber to produce compounds that affect your heart health.  So get some more basil in your diet. Another easy way of getting basil in your diet is using basil seeds instead of chia seeds. And you may have seen my episode on zen basil, where basil seeds are just a great way of getting prebiotic fiber and the benefits of basil into your diet every day. Number four, garlic. I can't tell you how important garlic is for your health. High blood pressure is one of the key factors in heart health. And as many of you know, high blood pressure is out of control in this country. I can't tell you how many people I see on a daily basis who are our one, two or three high blood pressure medications when I first see them in my office. This is a very real factor. Now, interestingly enough, in 2019, a study published in Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine showed that garlic supplements helped lower blood pressure. Researchers in this study showed that the blood pressure lowering ability of garlic supplements would actually reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by 16 to 40 percent. Not bad. Now, also really exciting is studies of aged garlic extract have shown that the soft plaque inside arteries. And quite frankly, it's the soft plaque that causes heart attacks. But one study in patients, 55 patients aged 40 to 75 were tracked taking an aged garlic supplement for a year. The researchers found that those who took the supplement had an 80 percent reduction in soft plaque. And quite frankly, I take an aged garlic extract every day for exactly this purpose. I recently had a patient who does not exactly have a healthy lifestyle. Let me put it that way. Very overweight, very insulin resistant in his early 70s. Despite my best efforts, continued his unhealthy lifestyle. One day, he developed very severe chest pain, was taken to the hospital, taken directly to the cath lab. And lo and behold, he had absolutely no plaque in his coronary arteries. And the cardiologist was shocked. He came back and brought his film with him to show me.  And what do you think? Maybe I did something. Well, an anecdote is an anecdote. But again, giving people aged garlic extract pills dramatically resulted in reduction of soft plaque. And my one patient, I can assure you, is going to continue to chew his garlic cloves every day. Before you put that big slice of turmeric into your smoothie, listen up. You know, we all know I'm a great fan of spices. They offer many unique health benefits. And they're absolutely delicious. Now, you probably heard of the one I'm going to focus on today, but I guarantee you, you'll be surprised by how much this spice has to offer, but the ways you've got to use this spice to get the benefits from it. Now, after you listen to this, you might want to go grab a big bowl of curry rather than throwing the root into your smoothie. What am I talking about? I'm talking about turmeric.  And if you've read my books, if you've listened to me long enough, you know that polyphenols are those compounds from plants that were designed by plants to protect their mitochondria from damage, from particularly sunlight and the elements. We, in turn, when we eat the polyphenols in plants, we actually don't absorb them very well. And that's the point of all this talk. You could eat the polyphenols in turmeric, particularly curcumin, and you will very likely not get any benefit from it because it is very poorly absorbed. And it's very poorly broken down by our gut bacteria into absorbable compounds. Now, what's interesting about that is it needs a helper to get absorbed. And remember I told you let's have a bowl of curry. Well, curry contains both turmeric, but also black pepper. And as I've written about in my books, there's a fascinating study in Singapore looking at people with improved memory as they get older versus mild cognitive impairment. And people who ate one bowl of curry per week had dramatic, better memories than people who did not eat that bowl of curry per week. And the reason for is the two essential ingredients to make turmeric work is black pepper and curcumin. So when you're putting your turmeric in your smoothie, please, believe it or not, shake in some black pepper. When you're adding turmeric for a seasoning, shake in some black pepper. You'll activate it. And when you're buying curcumin or turmeric as a supplement, either look for the presence of black pepper. The active ingredient is bioparen and look for that word or look for turmeric that has been activated and has been shown in a clinical study, a human clinical study, to be absorbed. And there are several active ways to make curcumin absorbable besides black pepper. But most of the time you're going to see the word bioparen. And if you see that, that's your key that you've got the agent to absorb it. Why get curcumin in your body? Number one, it's one of the few polyphenols that has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier. Most drugs, most compounds cannot get through this barrier called the blood-brain barrier and turmeric is one of those rare ones. And that may explain why it has been associated with improved memory. Now, turmeric curcumin also is a strong mitochondrial uncoupler. That means it actually tells mitochondria to repair themselves and to make more mitochondria called mitogenesis. And it has the additional benefit in having mitochondrial waste fuel. And there are a number of studies suggesting that curcumin actually helps maintain a healthy weight or helps with weight loss through thermogenesis. Speaking of thermogenesis, there are numerous studies that show turmeric changes white fat into beige fat. Now, there are three types of fat. There's brown fat, beige fat, and white fat.  It's fat. Brown fat is named brown fat because it's so loaded with mitochondria that it literally looks brown under the microscope. Brown fat is used to generate heat. In fact, when we're babies, we have a lot of brown fat in our body. And we use that brown fat to generate heat through mitochondrial uncoupling.  So guess what? Turmeric or cumin actually makes that transition happen.   Moreover, there's some good evidence that turmeric improves your mood. And who doesn't need a mood boost in this day and age? There are physical benefits with turmeric. It provides joint support. And there are several studies, human studies, that show that turmeric can actually improve mobility. So it's a win-win-win. Again, don't just throw a piece of turmeric into your smoothing. It's really not going to do much for you. On the other hand, throw in the black pepper, sprinkle it on your salad when you put it in. Use turmeric on just about everything you cook. Personally, I love it on chicken. Many Indian recipes use turmeric as that flavor ingredient for their chicken dishes. Make some curry. We've got lots of recipes for curry in all of our books. The benefit is you get the black pepper and the turmeric simultaneously. Here's a fun thing to do, sprinkle it on your goat or sheep yogurt or Oitu yogurt. Try it on coconut ice cream. It'll give you a fascinating kick. If you're worried about getting enough in your diet, take a turmeric supplement like I do every day and just make sure it's an absorbable form or that you've got bioparen on the label. Thanks so much for watching, but don't go anywhere. This next one is sure to surprise you. The turmeric group had reduced amount of cancer at the time of resection. Turmeric actually inhibits cancer growth in multiple studies. So have your turmeric. Have your curry.


Hi, my name is Lee Novak. I work here at North Central Research Extension Center as a seed production specialist. My job here is to maintain and increase all the new foundation seed lines. Currently we maintain about 24 varieties of seed. We do everything from increasing breeder seed just to maintaining all of our older lines. Starting off with some of the varieties that we take care of, flax-wise we have a couple brown flax varieties that we do increase and maintain, York, which has been our standard for many years. We keep that one maintained. We also have a new release, ND Hammond. It's a new brown flax. It's got a little bit higher yield potential than our typical York yield. It's going to be a very good variety. Guys are really excited about it and we're hoping to have pretty good seed production. After last fall, we've had some issues with producing enough seed of that variety. We also maintain a yellow variety, which is Omega Flax. That one's been a standard in the food market for many years, so we keep that one maintained here. Moving on, barley-wise we do the variety of ND Genesis. ND Genesis, it's a great milling variety known for low protein, high yield. We've had pretty good demand for that variety. Going into the food market, purling market, and malting market. Springweed varieties that we maintain here, Bowls and Barlow, Elgin ND are some of our older varieties that we maintain. Some of our newer ones, ND VipPro, which was released here a few years ago. That one is a high yield, good protein, and excellent milling quality. The latest release that we've had was ND Froberg, good yield, excellent, excellent milling quality, so that one will be coming out soon. The other one we do maintain is a Montana line called Duclair. It's a solid stem variety for the guys that are affected with the Sawfly. We do maintain that one too. We've had a little bit of popularity in some of those hot pocket areas for Sawfly. Moving on to our Derms, we maintain Divide and Joppa, two of our older lines. We also maintain our newer lines of ND Grano and ND Rivland. Both have been excellent yielders. They have a lot of popularity and are starting to take over quite a few acres. Moving on, the other one we have also increased is Field Pea. We have one new variety that's been released. It's called ND Dawn. It's a very high protein, yellow pea, large seed size, and it's resistant to lodging. Finally, we're talking about soybeans. We have two different types of soybeans. We maintain two varieties of conventional soybeans, Ashtabula, ND Henson. Ashtabula has been a real popular variety for us. We have some people that contract for non-glyphosate tolerant variety for the food market. That one we've had quite a bit of demand for. Moving on to our Roundup Reddies, we have two varieties, the ND 17009 and the ND 18008. Our 17009s have been a real popular bean and are taking over a lot of acres in this area. We're pretty happy with that one. Then we also have one more experimental GT line that will possibly be coming out maybe next year. That's most of the varieties that we maintain and increase as far as our new seed conditioning facility that we're currently working on. Finally we have the building up and all the main electrical components are installed, lighting and stuff like that. The concrete is poured. We're currently bidding for millwright work, some of those minor equipment and the electrical integration on that. If all goes well, we're hoping to possibly be cleaning seed by late this fall. If you've got any questions or any concerns or just want to know about some of the varieties a little more in depth, they can sure call me here at the research center. Thank you.


This is his favorite thing to do, making me nervous. What up? Not serious. How much does he weigh? Hello, my fellow Snippers, Flyders, and newbies. Yes, that is him, that is Franco. Okay, don't act so terrified. He's not terrified, he's acting traumatized. Okay, we are on our way back to Kanoka Discount Birds because we have to have Brando's weigh-in. Yeah, so a week after you bring him home, they want you to bring him back and weigh him and make sure that he's eating correctly, which is actually pretty cool. So for those of you who are newbies, let me know in the comments that you are a new subscriber and hit that notification bell. By the way, guys, before we go on, I wanna thank you guys so, so much for all your love and support for trying out our new bird food with tops. It's amazing, I'm getting such great videos from you guys, which I'm sharing.  See how easily that works? And we didn't even have to have the long car ride. How is Brando? Okay, he's been good, he's been eating, but we have a problem with Brando. He is a major drama queen. About what? Everything. He's so dramatic, like he plays with his toys and then like his foot, he goes, and he yells at his toys. Like he yells at his toys. Well, they pick after us, you know. No. He is maybe. He might be a she and he might, she might be picking after mommy. So she's gonna get weighed now, or he? Yeah. Okay. We're gonna see how it goes. You know, you know, it ups a lot of weight, it stays here, if not, you take it. Oh no. All right. Well, there's no weight in last weight. He's eating that. How much did he weigh before? Just so I know. Go have it right here. Give me one second. Okay. Guys, if he doesn't weigh enough, he's gonna have to stay at the store. That means no Brando videos for a week. There he is in there, he's gonna know it. He's got his paper workout. 129? Covered. Come here.  This is his favorite thing to do, making me nervous. I don't know what he's doing. How much does he weigh? Tell me. Give it up a couple of grams. Lie to me again. No. Lie to me again. I'm so mad at you. I will give it up a couple of grams, but it's fine, cause they play a lot when they're home. Just a couple of grams. Why don't you be making me turn off the camera for the prank? Cause I wanted to scare you later. Why couldn't you?  You made me turn off the camera to have a word with me, and it's fine. I can't believe you do that. Okay, fully face. I need you to do the prank. You need to say. How am I going to do the prank without it? It's so funny. How do you want me to do it already? Have Brando with you. I'll be like, okay, I'll be like. Okay, I'm not turning off the camera, so tell me. Oh, you're going to do it right now? Okay, do it again. Okay, I don't want to turn off the camera because I need them with me, so tell me. I gotta tell you, Brando is fine. Wait, do it for a little longer. Play the prank a little longer. Just one. Like, I gotta tell you, we're going to need to talk. You're going to need to turn the camera off and we're going to need to talk. All right, you need to turn the camera off because we need to talk. No. Well, Brando. You're just joking with me, right? No, seriously. Okay, let's do one more. Turn off the camera and I'll tell you. No, just tell me. Seriously, you want me to tell you from the very beginning? Yeah. Brando is good to go home. Oh my god. He's good. He misses you. I mean, we miss him. He misses you. Of course we miss him. Woo. Hi, Brazil. Guys, look at little Vinny's. Guys, did you see the baby had a little teddy bear in there?  Yeah. Who gives them the teddy bears? Mama bear does. Aww. But if you have teddy bears, little teddy bears that you don't use bring them back. Okay. Play that for the kids. Okay. Do I have to use teddy bears? Yeah, always. You can have them. Now everyone's gonna bring you teddy bears.  Look at the babies with the teddy bears. Okay, what I need you to do since you're magical, so I have to go home now. So I need you to send me home with your magical hands. All right, I'm gonna send you home. You ready? Yep. Wow, Felipe, just send me away so quickly. Okay, let's get you upstairs. Stubsters? Yes, you need to go eat now. Rock, let's go, buddy. I love who it is. Rocky's jealous. Tell us some things about Merlin. Merlin now flies over to me. Merlin loves you. Yeah, he's just like literally like out of nowhere when there's like the commotion of all the birds flying. This guy flies as well, but he comes to me. Right? Look, he's actually talking when I was talking. Because he's doing that. That's like, that's a good indication that the bird is like in your, you know, like he's with you. You know, it's like, because he tries to talk while you're talking.  Because you had this thing about socializing him. And that you wanted me to socialize with him and take him out of the cage and feed him and take care of him. Yeah, so I have. But I think he really likes me because I cook for him and you don't. Because you don't ever do that. I guess he's one of those intelligent birds that knows to bond with the chef, huh? Listen, you bonded with the chef. Right, buddy? Who do you think you have the best bond with? Out of all the birds right now? Rocky and Merlin. Jersey too, but Jersey's like, got her moments. Cody too, actually. What am I talking about? Cody loves me. Cody's obsessed with you. Yeah. Both grays. Both grays are obsessed with you. It's because I'm great. Yeah, it's because you only wear gray. I do the 50 shades of gray. No, it's just when you got like red too. Hold on. Somebody's giving a speech. The president's talking. The president is speaking, everybody. The president is talking. You're really gone, Jimmy.  Okay, give your speech. Ready? Done. Blue, what are you doing? Blue's like, don't shoot. Blue's like, don't move, we gotta kiss. All right, hold on. I gotta move. Oh, shoot. She's still looking at me. Wait, he's over there. Look how long Blue's been here. Okay, savant man. We would like you to kiss Rocky a lot now. Thank you very much. Well, I have to put Merlin down. I can't have Merlin on my shoulder here because I wouldn't want anything. Like, trust-wise, I trust him the most. You trust Rocky the most? Him and Jersey. Really? Yeah, I trust him the most. Like, Rocky, I can do things with him and he won't attack my face. Merlin, there's a chance he might get me. Like, he got me in my lip. Remember? I'm not worried with Rocky. Because even if he bites me, it's like, he's just warning me. He's not trying to hurt me. Merlin? Jersey will never bite me. Jersey's a loving bird. Yeah. It's like, I have to talk about Rocky for him to get attention? Yeah. So if I talk about Rocky. The politician. Starts talking. Do you want to get down? You think I'm good? I love it. You not getting in the precedent? Do you want to hang out with Rocky? He's just chilling there all quiet. Do you have anything to say? Are you tired from your big long day of box tapping? Imagine in the beginning, he didn't let anybody get close to him. Yeah, remember no one could even get him off the cage on top of his cage and his territory all over him. Jersey, do you want to sing? Alexa, play Perfect 10. Thank you so much for watching. Don't forget to share this video with fellow bird lovers. Also, screenshot your favorite part of the video. Tag me on Instagram and I will share it in my story. Don't forget to check out my Patreon, become part of my Flighters Club. Do you want your bird to leave your Coca-Cola alone? Panted to muddy. Get yourself Marlene McOwen's special blend of bird food and you will not regret it. And you'll be able to drink your Coca-Cola all on your own. Oh my God, guys. Every time I look at it, I'm just as excited. Can you see how beautiful this is? This is a feathered fun box by Marlene McOwen. I'm really proud of this box. Click the link below and you can subscribe monthly. Make sure to secure your box right now. Vinnie, daddy has to get his bag, is that okay?  He's leaving. Uh-oh, uh-oh. He's kinda after you now. You better get your bag.


what's up everybody it's Monday it's torque drift time we're here to build a new car the RX 7 FD that we got with the mad mic pack we got 18 crates plus a bunch of money and a bunch of gold we're gonna do a build on this car see what we can do with it from the get-go so let's get to it start building this car make sure you guys follow me on Instagram and Twitter all of which found the description box below let's get this rotary game going all right so we do have the FD RX 7 that we got with the torque drift pack we have 18 crates we got about $260,000 and or $216,000 in 380 gold so we can get some quick you know instant buy parts so we're gonna do our crates first and see what we can get on the crate so for the car the build is happening so we got a neon crate which we're gonna open up first see if we can get any neons for this FD and we will be doing blue neons which I don't know if we're gonna actually keep but we'll see so we got 17 crates to open so we're gonna open these 17 crates see what kind of parts we get or money we get for this car and start building this up definitely gonna be a new car that I'm gonna be piloting a lot in this game so FD RX 7 definitely a car we've been all waiting for tires and cash I mean cash is good cash and gold is definitely good and we're getting a lot of cash apparently and a lot of gold so I'm okay with that we'll buy parts looks like we got we're not gonna be putting a you know 4ge or that motor in here we're gonna keep it true we're gonna do the rotary we're gonna keep the rotary motor going more tires more gold so if you guys are enjoying the RX 7 and you guys have it built after marketing look it that's actually a good pull because we will need that because they have it you know let me know what your guys's cars at now because we're gonna be building this car up probably to custom class FD RX 7 one of my favorite cars we get some more tires and some more money money's good gold good parts will be better pro part pro turbo that is a definitely a good pull to throw on this car more tires so we did get an angle kit and a pro turbo the pro turbo is a big big thing those usually cost a lot of money so we definitely are gonna have the advantage aftermarket diffs sticky diff that's good less things we have to buy and we can just buy the upgraded version we got an upgraded motor 13 b that's good some wheels because I'm not sure what stock rotary motors in this so we'll be able to put the 13 b in there which would be nice because we're gonna keep it tried and true with that rotary more tires more cash we got two more to open and then we're gonna continue building this thing after marketing see you link ccu that's good final crate before we start buying things for this car money and tires so let's go take a look at what we actually got for this right now so we do have aftermarket ECU so we're gonna put in we're gonna put that pro turbo on and we're probably gonna blow up our motor because we're gonna put it at 18 what motor do we have in here so we have a stock 13 b so we can go up to the you know aftermarket 13 b which is good and we're going to get rid of that other motor we're probably have to go up higher in the motor spectrum but we're gonna see what we're sitting at right once we do all this angle kit which we got to put in the front we're probably gonna be buying an import angle kit if we have it and can get it we did apparently get some alloys for this what do we get we get some 17s which are the same oh nope a little different so we're gonna put those on we're gonna leave the neons off for right now and we'll put the other ones in the front what am I doing now go back back to FD put the other wheels on here we gotta get suspension on this car for sure so but at least we have some sort of angle kit on here now so it's you what we can buy for this car I know we have a wide-body kit and all that that's gonna be definitely going on this car so what can we do we got a lot of a lot of aftermarket parts import parts we do have an import angle kit so we are gonna buy that right away quick buy that because we're gonna need that we don't need the turbo because we have a pro turbo what engines do we have do we have it is locked so we're going to probably just buy that motor so that we can buy that that's gonna be a big purchase in there but we are going to be doing that for sure body kits we definitely want the wide-body kit and we're definitely gonna want instant by that so now we got a nice wide-body kit we got a nice motor so wheel wise unsure what wheels we're gonna actually rock on this car I would like to maybe I think we're gonna keep those wheels on there for right now that's what we got so let's go back to performance and start buying stuff that we need can we get upgraded brakes so we can get an upgraded diff so we're gonna do that we get that coming we can do the upgraded ECU we get that coming as well and now we need to look at some other stuff so we do need suspension and we do need an intake whether it be 660 or so we're gonna go with the canine intake we're gonna go with the mission moto instant by that instant by that and we do need to upgrade our clutch and then we're gonna go to the import clutch so I think that's all the import stuff we can buy and where we're sitting at right now but we definitely have a good basic on this car having the pro motor and everything in there is definitely a plus so we got the pro motor in there we're not worried about the LS so we're gonna leave all that there we're gonna need to adjust probably check our clutch leave all that there so now that we got some suspension oh I didn't insta buy the suspension alright so the suspension on we're gonna leave it how it sits to see how it is out of the box with that we need to adjust our angle kit in the front go as much as we can give a little bit more camber from that and then I think we need to adjust tire pressures which I'm unsure what tires we're gonna run because I'm not really sure what power we're rocking it right now 900 okay so we're definitely gonna be running some other tires like we're gonna run some Falcons on here and we're gonna drop that probably to 20 psi to start and we're gonna go to the rear gonna throw the Falcons on the rear and we're gonna drop that to probably 14 to start and now we need to ruby out right there it's good now we need to put the suspension on in the rear I think we'll leave it at that just to see we need to adjust the angle kit because I know it's gonna have positive camber go a little over one degree in the rear so I think this is what we're gonna look at right now do we have any type of tuning we have downforce which we're not gonna mess so I think this is what we're gonna sit out right now for the RX 7 I wish I had some wider front that I could adjust can we buy the other body kit which allows track hmm I don't know if I want to do that yet we're gonna wait on that so we're gonna go run this how it is see what we're sitting at with the RX 7 right now the pro motor at the pro turbo definitely good pulls we got bridge we got jump we got freestyle and we got tunnels edge we're gonna go take it to the tunnels edge real quick see what we're sitting at the controls have changed a little bit with these cars but we are going to bring that it is 929 horsepower we're gonna try and see what we can do with the FD it looks like we're going up against somebody rocking the humble like a third gear initiate in so far out of the box it handles pretty well we're gonna go up to fourth don't think I can link that all yet fourth gear seems to be the kick that thing throws angle real quick so for a first quick tune on this it's handling quite well oh into the wall a little bit I gotta finish that off so it handles quite well fourth gear is definitely what we need to be so it definitely impressed with how it drives with just the parts we have on it definitely gonna be changing getting more suspension in there more angle and better diffs and stuff like that one they become available but to start the FD build definitely super excited we're gonna be rocking this car probably more than any other car might be selling some cars off to get some more money to continue building it and he didn't make it because I would like to basically stick to one car so that I can actually you know get better with the car and continue to grow with the car and you know get my scores up higher and higher and this FD looks amazing to do that he left he don't want it so we're gonna go try it again here at Tunnel's Edge see if we can get somebody else so if you guys are building this let me know how the build is on yours what level is it it's at 900 some horsepower already so it's actually a very powerful car we're definitely gonna throw a livery on here and have some fun with looks like we're going up against a vet so let's see what we can do again starting first gear definitely even shifting more and more off the starts instead of just sticking in the gear that I think I'm gonna need the car seem to accelerate better have a little bit more control off the line when you go through the gears rather than just starting in fourth like I used to with my E46 so fourth gear is definitely the gear to be in right now wasn't able to hold it all the way out to there but I think the tunes that we have on here right now is definitely gonna be a stable tune for leading anyways so now we just need to oh my goodness but we didn't lose our points I don't know how we didn't lose our points but we lost both our front and rear bumper doing a little ping pong so hopefully we can actually try and get a chase and see how this thing chases fortunately he didn't get that good of a run and he just said nope and left so nobody wants to tan them with the FD right now I'm gonna try this again because I would love to get into tandem but we're gonna look at upgrading the wheels doing the full upgrade on this car painting it up liverying it up so you guys want to keep seeing the build process looks like we got another FD 957 horsepower so this should be hopefully a good test of the car kind of initiated a little bit weird there game kind of had a little bit of a hiccup on me we're gonna try and say as close to came to the wall this time there we go oh no too much of a tap unfortunately that kind of screws up this entire section of the track and screws getting a super high points run because we lost the clean lead wall dragging the end so definitely needs a little bit of tuning but we should be good and he got a better run than us so hopefully we can maybe make it up in the chase here for this run with the FD so we're gonna be bringing a lot more FD content with this car as well as continuing to build process as we keep going and if I do anything of it offline I will let you guys know in the next video about it what has changed did not get a good start we're definitely far back oh my yep definitely need to tweak it a little bit more there is some fine tuning in the suspension that needs to be done but I feel like we need to get better suspension to really dial this car in but for a first shakedown of the car I definitely like it it's definitely an amazing car and going to be a awesome addition to my fleet of cars so make sure you follow me on Twitter all the time description box below as always thank you guys for watching I'm evil rabbit I'll see you guys on the track


It doesn't get much more 90s than a title like Excalibur 2097, and the cover doesn't lend any insight at all as to what this game is. It could be a shoot-em-up, the sort suggests maybe a fighting game, the city suggests a final fight style beat-em-up, or maybe a shadow run type game, or maybe this is some kind of futuristic sports game, I don't know. It turns out it's a story driven action platformer, a little bit in the same vein as something like Phantom 2040, with lots of cutscenes interspersed throughout the game. The company's title for this game is Sword Maniac, which is a way better title, and a much better cover too. I'll talk about the story first, because I'm guessing the developers were counting on it to make an otherwise average and generic looking game stand out a little bit. But the story here is the same ol' post-apocalyptic stuff that's been done to death. Governments have collapsed, money is worthless, organized crime has risen to seize power, your character named Slash? Yeah right, I wish, that'd be freaking great. Anyway, Slash wields a powerful sword called the X-Caliber, that all the evil mob guys want because it can rip through steel like rancid butter? Ah yes, I can smell it now, thanks for the lurid visual game. The evil mob that runs the city is run by Raptor, who is evidently 300 feet tall, and he's made a deal with these mutant monster things to help him run the city. It's worth mentioning that the Japanese version of the story is completely different, where the Slash character is imprisoned for murder and hired by the government on a mission to take out the mob, not unlike the movie Escape from New York.  Everything certainly looks good, and I commend this game for having a distinct visual style to it. But the dialogue here is all just 80s action movie one-liners, there's nothing of real substance here. As for the gameplay itself, there's your typical action platforming that's done well enough, but it's nothing worth writing home about. It's all very linear, with lots of button mashing and dodging, but to the game's credit, it at least gives you a variety of buttons to mash, with a few different sword attacks to choose from, and a block button that comes in handy, especially in this annoying part with the motorcycles. What stands out here are the boss fights. When you reach the end of a level, the game shifts to a one-on-one fighting mode, just you versus a powerful enemy, and you can also bring in a second player and fight them one-on-one as well, in a separate game mode. This is fine, but it would work a lot better if the controls changed to fit this mode. Instead, it's the same hack and slash button mashing where you just spam your attack, take some damage, block when you can, and hope you have more life than he does by the end of the fight. Now, I hear people have some trouble with the first boss in the game. Game grumps, but I'm honestly not sure why.  X-Caliber 2097 does come across as kind of generic, but I don't want to be too hard on it. It does have some little things going for it, like the design of the slash character gives off kind of a Highlander vibe. Maybe it's the rolled-up coat sleeves. Also, the effect of effortlessly slicing something in half is pretty cool. I mean, you certainly get the impression they put a lot of effort into the visuals of this game, and like I said, the cutscenes are all well done, and the sound design isn't too shabby either. But yeah, the gameplay is just too ordinary to get anything more than a tepid recommendation for X-Caliber 2097. If you're looking for a cheap, under-the-radar platformer, then you're better off going for something like Block or Phantom 2040. X-Caliber 2097 gets past its generic title and generic cover by looking real nice, but the gameplay in blah story put it right back into the mediocre category. It's not a bad game at all, but there's better out there, and it's not worth going way out of your way to play.