La, la, la, la, la, la. La Cresce inspires my baking because baking starts with the vessel that you're using. Baking ends with the vessel that you're serving it in. So I'm actually gonna be making ham and cheese empanadas. We're gonna need ham, cheese, flour, and our La Cresce dutch oven. When I make an empanada that is filled with ham and cheese, it just feels like the holiday season in one bite. And I choose to use La Cresce not because it is trendy, but because I know that this is a product that I can give to my children, my grandchildren, and so on and so on for generations.


Next slide down. We use a catalyst to get the ordered structure of any polymer. And that catalyst, we call it as Ziegler-Natta catalyst. What is this Ziegler-Natta catalyst? First of all, the formula you should remember. It is titanium chloride, the mixture of TiCl4 with trialkyl aluminium, AlR3, trialkyl aluminium. R group is the alkyl group. Generally, we take ethyl, but it can be anything actually. So if I draw a polymeric structure of polypropylene, so propylene, the structure is this CH2 double bond. CHCH3. This is propylene. And the polymerization of this gives this structure CH2, CCH3, HCH2, CCH3, H. And this side we have it. Do we have any carol carbon in this molecule? This is polypropylene. Do we have any carol carbon in this? No. I think we have the first one. How many, at least in this structure where two molecules have joined? How many carol carbon we have? I think except for that middle CH2, the carol. But then aren't the same groups repeated? Sir, after in the left side, CH2 is attached to... After this CH2, again we have CCH3H. See, this carbon... Yeah, then won't it be same on both the sides? Yeah, this side also we have CH2 and then the same thing. This is a repeating unit actually. This. This carbon is not a carol carbon because it has two hydrogen on it. What about this carbon? We have one molecule, this hydrogen. One molecule is this and another molecule is this. Symmetrical arrangement we are not considering. Got it. We are considering what? We are considering if the number of carbon on this side and this side is different. Then this carbon is the carol carbon we have. Okay. Or for this molecule you see when we have dimer this, then this carbon for at least this one is carol carbon because this group is this and this we have this side. Similarly, this carbon is also a carol carbon. Okay. Yes. No. All the alternate carbon which has four different group attached with it are the carol carbon. So now when it is carol carbon, so the CS3 and H which is attached to this carol carbon, their arrangement can be anything. Okay. So that arrangement we are trying to understand here. So what is the arrangement we have here? You see one possible arrangement is this. Okay. One possibility is what all CS3 present on the same side like this. And one arrangement is what one CS3 coming out of the plane. The other one is going into the plane then out of the plane into the alternate. And here we do not have any fixed arrangement. It is randomly arranged like this. Okay. There's no fixed arrangement here. Okay. Because we do not have any control in such reaction like I discussed about this radical mechanism we have. We do not have control on these reactions. So we can get any one of these possibilities. Okay. When possible arrangement is what? All CS3 on the same side then alternate and then random arrangement. Overall point I'm trying to make is what? That the possibility is to get either ordered arrangement or disordered arrangement. Both possibilities are there. Okay. So when all the CS3 group present on the same side. Okay. This arrangement we call it as isotactic arrangement. Isotactic arrangement. When all CS3 on the same side. When it is alternate like this, it is syndiotactic. Syndiotactic. And when there is no arrangement, random arrangement if it is there. It is random arrangement. So this random arrangement, we call it as a tactic. A tactic. So these two are actually a regular arrangement. Right. But that is ISO or syndiotactic. The arrangement there is a pattern. Regular arrangement we have. Okay. So this regular arrangement. Arrangement. They have good physical properties because ordered arrangement we have so their physical property is better. Good. And useful also. Since the physical property is good. High density we have. So if this one is useful also. Both isotactic and syndiotactic. Both are useful. They have good physical properties because they have. Ordered arrangement. Arrangement will have a fixed pattern here. This one also and this one also. But random arrangement. Their physical property is not good. Not. Good physical properties. That's why we'll try to and this is not useful also. Since the physical property is not good. That's why we try to avoid this particular arrangement. A tactic arrangement. Okay. And to avoid this arrangement. We use a catalyst and that catalyst. We call it as Jigler data. Got it. So this point you write down. The structure of the. The structure of polymers. Depends upon the type of. Mechanism. The structure of. The polymer. Depends upon. The type of mechanism. Next line.   There is no control. Over the reaction. And the possibility to get. The random arrangement of. Molecules. Is high. The possibility to get. Random arrangement. Irregular arrangement of molecule is high. This is structure is known as a tactic structure. This is structure is known as. A tactic structure. And their physical property is not good. And hence they are not useful. Okay. This is structure is known as. A tactic structure. Their physical property is not good. Hence they are not useful. Next line to get regular arrangement. To get regular arrangement. We use a catalyst called. Jigler. Nutta. Catalyst. To get regular arrangement. We use a catalyst called. Jigler Nutta. Catalyst. To get regular arrangement. We use a catalyst called. Catalyst. Done. Can you move on. Yeah. The last thing here we have to discuss. In this chapter is. Write down reasons. What are reasons. Anything you know about reasons what are reasons. Some plant product. Plant product you must have seen on the tree. There's some yellowish orange color semi liquid substance. It's not completely solid. It's not completely liquid. Not completely solid. You can, you know. Change the shape also easily by applying some pressure on it. That's not a big deal. Okay. So that yellowish or orange color liquid that you have. Opt in from the tree. Those things. We call it as. Resins. Okay. The example. The example. Those things. We call it as. Resins. Okay. The examples of reasons. Are. The first example is. Beccalite. Okay. Beccalite is an example of reasons. You see this. It is actually. The product of. Or the monomer of Beccalite. Is phenol. And formaldehyde. And hence the. We also call it as phenol formaldehyde polymer. Okay. Or phenol formaldehyde resins. Beccalite is nothing but phenol. Formaldehyde resins. Okay. So this reaction actually reaction between phenol and formaldehyde. It takes place at. In both acidic and basic medium. Mechanism like I said. It is not required. So we just. Discuss little bit here. H plus. Oh minus. And it forms or the para substituted product. Which is OH. And here we have CH2. Or to substitute a product. And para substituted product is this. OH. And CH2. Which. Now the reaction takes place at both. Position ortho and para. These two reacts. OH. CH2 OH. Reacts with. Reacts with CH2 OH. OH. So this actually. And in acidic medium this goes out at H2O. It combines and gives. This product. OH. Ring. Here we have. Here we have CH2. OH. CH2. This also goes this way. Like this we'll get a long chain compounds. This kind of reaction is possible at this position also. So overall you'll get this product. So very complex reaction. I'm not writing down the. Entire reaction here. You get something like this. OH. We'll have here. And you get CH2. This also attached with CH2. OH. And this CH2 attached with this. Is an open bond here. CH2 this site. This is structure the entire complex structure. Is nothing but. Beccalite. Structure is not at all important. This is used for the production of. Pressure cooker handle. And it is. A cross linked. Thermosetting polymer. It is a cross linked. Thermosetting polymers. Thermosetting polymers means what. When we heat this. Cross linking takes place. Which does not break down on cooling. That's why it does not become soft again. The other examples of. Residence are. Phenol formaldehyde. We have seen already. The other one is. Melamine formaldehyde polymer. Just name you write down. Melamine formaldehyde. I'll write down the names. Other examples of. Residence are. Melamine. Plus formaldehyde. And one more we have. Urea plus formaldehyde. All these are examples of. Residence. Melamine structure you must remember. This has been asked in J exam. The structure based question of. Melamine. Here we have an S2. An S2. Here we have an S2. And double bond like this. This is a structure of melamine. Question that they ask how many lone pairs are present in melamine. Can you tell me the number of lone pair in melamine. Number of lone pairs in melamine. Is it six. Yes. Six. Six lone pairs. One lone pair on each nitrogen atom. The exact question they have asked in J exam. But they haven't given the structure of melamine. The name they have written. The question is count the number of lone pair present in. Melamine. Okay. So structure you must know because when the structure is given, there's nothing to do. In this. Okay. Okay. Okay. So this is it for polymers. Okay. Polymers is done. Okay. This is it for polymers. Okay.


لو من شلين من الملدن سموحي الحمد لله سببا عالا وحمد جمال آل ومن تلا وبعدها وفيه يمشعه لله والتدوله فيه نودي يتسجل وليفت فيه أرفوع يامي ومفتري الأول لغا وقامل فيه يوم فيه ومن نعيدهم أتسمد اللعب لها فيه جمال الديد يتوري أكي إن شاء الله تعالى لم يبيد فيه قول عوض بالله من الشيطان الرجيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم يقول راج رحمة الغفور دوما سليمانه والجمزور الحمد لله مصليا عالا محمد وآله ومن تلا وبعد هذا النظم للمريد في النون والتنوين والمدود سميته بتحفة الأطفال عن شيخنا المهي للكمال عن شيخنا المهي للكمال أرجو به أي ينفاق طلابا ولجرا والقبول والثوابا أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوين للنون إن تسكن والتنوين أربا وحكام فأخذ تبييني فلول الإظهار قبل أحرفي للحقيس ترتبت فالتاريفي وستبت there إن شاء الله تعالى that's how much we're gonna take from the book but we first have to finish the what yeah to dweed it's a poem on to dweed it's about the you know what to dweed is right you were here last week okay okay let's let's finish the last five left and then we'll carry on insha'Allah okay okay today we're going to do today we're going to do the last the next five insha'Allah تعالى okay what are we going to do the next five left insha'Allah تعالى the fifth one is so the sixth one is I'll I'll who placed this subject who put this subject down who was the person who established this subject who made this subject the publishing the author the person who started it so we divide it into two and we go together we divide it into two in terms of practicality pay attention and you're not listening you're not listening and I'm putting so much energy into this okay I want you to all focus okay because at the end I'm going to ask everyone questions huh وابع عين عين عين وابع العملية means what it means practical العملية means what the person who practically placed it is who نبيله محمد took it from who Allah Az-Zawajal نبيله محمد took it from who from Allah Az-Zawajal and the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he practically taught the companions how to how to read so practically who is the person who placed it the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم okay لكن in terms of العملية عملية أولسل ساية تأليفية from the angle of in terms of تأليفية who authored it first who wrote in it who published the scholars they have three views of who is the first there are three views who is the first person to write in this science the first was أبعريت أبعريت قاسم ابن سلام the second is أبو عمر الدوري and the third one is ابنه مجاهد those are the three views the scholars they differed the first one is أبعريت قاسم المسلام some said he was the first to put it تأليفية means in terms of authorship we know practically علم تدريد who put it نبي لاي محمد he was the one of two of his companions and they took it from him لكن من ناحية تأليفية from the angle of authorship أو من ناحية النظري theoretically this is this this is known this is known as ساكينة this is إضغام this is إضهار this is إخفاء the scholars they said from the earliest people who spoke about this is who أبعريت قاسم المسلام some scholars they said that أبعريت أبعريت القاسم المسلام they put L before his name even if L is grammatically another discussion إن شاء الله تعالى أبعريت القاسم المسلام the second view is أبو عمر الدوري and the third one is ابنه مجاهد this is a khilaf amongst the علماء who said it first أبعريت كذا but in terms of what الواضع and number seven إسم what's this subject called what is it called it's called أي متجميد right what's this subject called أي متجميد أي متجميد that's what it's called the scholars they gave it that name and we spoke about what that name means number eight yeah who asked the question who said something if somebody say something or you can't see the word from this side okay number eight is إستمد إستمد means what where is this science rooted from where was it taken from okay again where did we say it was taken from now it's taken from the prophet the prophet gave it to his companions the companions they gave it to تابعين and هكذا and the prophet took it from who جيبير took it from who that's how it has come to us so the إستمد is what from الله عز و جل to جيبير جيبير to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم the messenger gave it to his what الصحابة and then the صحابة gave it to the تابعين and then the تابع تابعين and هكذا and it reached us right صحيح so it's the سلسلة and the chain so the إستمد is that it's taken from who the Quran is taken from who it's taken from الله عز و جل جيبير نبي اللهي محمد and then the companions and the scholars of the companions أبو عبيت this one أبو عمر الدوري أين ميم رأوه نمبر ناين نمبر ناين حكمه الشارع ها the campaign is not good huh the ninth one is حكمه حكم الشارع نمبر ناين is what حكم الشارع what does that mean it means what's the do you have to learn to read or do you not have to again before we talk about the حكم we have to mention how many types are the to read to read is two types okay it's how many types are we all together it's how many types عملي and نظري صحيح عملي need what we saw it here practically this one is واجب and it's فردوعين and everyone has to know this this is what everyone has to know this it's called what individual obligation individual what's that called in Arabic no it's called فردوعين فردوعين need what individual everybody has to know I have to know you have to know you can't go to سورة الفاتحة and say زالك الكتابو no you can't سورة بقرة سوري or you can't say الحمد لله you have to read what you have to read it so the عملي is what the practical side is obligatory on everybody the practical side is obligatory on what everybody lacking the نظري is what the what the نظري to know the rulings and study this is إبغام this is إدهار this is إخفاء this is what it means the مد here this is مد which is lazım this is مد this is نظري this is the theoretical side this one is فردوكي فاية what is it it's communal obligation what is it called I think that's how you spell it it's communal obligation meaning إذا قام بيبعه سقط عانيل سقط عانيل باقين if a group of people do it the rest they don't have to do it does that make sense if فراس and his crew are doing it we don't have to do it the rest we can be sleep إن شاء الله تعالى does that make sense so the another side is what the another side is فردوكي فاية are we all together the last one last one today last and what last but not least where did you learn that from you said okay good last but not you learned that from where cartoons what cartoon do you watch okay somebody said something say that again SpongeBob okay yeah I've never seen it yeah I know SpongeBob yeah I mean I haven't watched it just in case you might think I watched it I didn't watch it I mean the SpongeBob started recently right I was an adult my times was Tom and Jerry and yeah that that that's yeah no I don't know it SpongeBob was my times yeah okay okay let's come back okay and Dragon Ball Z do you know Dragon Ball Z you know it okay okay okay let's not go into cartoons okay تدويت تدويت تدويت تدويت تدويت number 10 number 10 is مسائل مسائل means what مسائل are issues okay مسائل are issues meaning when you study to read what are the type of issues that you're going to discuss inside to read what are we going to discuss in to read and what are you going to learn إن شاء الله تعالى I've written here you're going to learn mainly two things mainly what are you going to learn I will write it later sorry I used you to write faster okay okay everybody pay attention what are you going to learn what are the two things the first one is مخارجة مخارج الحروف مخارج الحروف yeah what else I mentioned it last week yeah we're going to do the مخارجة and you're going to do the سفات the سفات are two types right سفات which are لازمة and سفات which are عربة and those are going to be discussed إن شاء الله تعالى in where in the future class إن شاء الله تعالى okay we'll stop there إن شاء الله تعالى any questions so we did إن نبادي أكلة ثاني الأشرة صح any subject that you're studying you need to know these 10 what do you need to know if you're studying thick ask these 10 questions are you with me if you're going to study أكيد that asks any subject you have to have knowledge of these 10 before you go into that subject now do we have a good understanding or a good overview of تجويت yeah okay now I'm going to quickly go over it with you pay attention here who was the first person to place in the تجويت now you're wrong if you say the perfect you're wrong and if you say about غزم سلام you're wrong which one is it you have to break it break it into two this requires تفصيل if somebody says to you who pays him to read first what do you say which ناحية are you talking about what angle are you talking about are you talking about from the angle of عملية practicality and then how that it came from Allah to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم to the companions وهلما جراء are you talking about من ناحية التأليفية from the angle of authorship than the أقوال of the علماء is how many types في قول وضع غزم السلام سمسر سمسر أبو عمر الدوري and I said إبنو مجايد صح are you talking about this stop talking what is the name of this subject it's called what علمه علم التجويت علم التجويت where does it fall under علم القرآن ما يتعلقه ما يتعلقه بالفضية how many types ما يتعلقه بالفضية how many what are they علم التجويت علم القرآن علمه ما يتعلقه بالمعنى وزهامري to علم التفسير علم الوقف و الابتداء ما يتعلقه بشكل وزتو وودي علم رسم المصحف أم المصاحف and the third one is علم عبد الآي صحيح so علم التجويت it falls under ما يتعلقه علم التجويت and it falls under علم القرآن that's the name it's the name where is it taken from where is it reached from where is it taken from الله عز و جلا to the prophet and so on حكم الشارع what's the ruling do you all is everybody the taxi driver the bus driver the pilot does everybody have to learn to read that you're wrong if you say yes you're wrong and if you say no you're wrong why because you need to do تفسيل you need to say which angle are you talking about is it عملي yes then everybody has to know it are you speaking about نظري when you say it's a communal obligation it's فردو فردو كفاية it's فردو عين and this is فردو كفاية to read mainly what does it talk about it talks about say fact and it talks about what مخارج الحروف that's not only what it talks about it talks about other things but mainly these are the two any question any question which one نظري نظري any question okay we'll stop there إن شاء الله و تعالى سبحانك الله ما بحمدك اشجر لا إله إلا الله استغفرك و تولي


I'm going to the gym, but it's so cold. It's waking me up, all right. I got back from the gym. I've been editing. I had lunch and I got ready for radio and I'm going to do a quick little unboxing for you guys. I just got this in the mail today. Oh, I got a little Nike shirt. That's a Staten Island on it. I also got new sneakers. I guess I just love New Balance too much. I got the, what are these called? 993s. I actually received this from my friend in New York. Her and her husband run a business where they take orders from Korea and they ship brands like Nike, Supreme, New Balance, North Face, and they sent me the sneakers and the shirt. And I'm going to speak in Korean for this part because I feel like this is more for Korean viewers who want to purchase directly from the States. Nike T-Shirts. These days, you do a lot of business. But sometimes, when you're doing business, there's something that's not the best. It's hard to find a reliable site, but Legomania has already been verified on Naver, and there's a lot of new balance and Supreme Nike that's hard to find in Korea. This is a connected delivery company, so you can get it very quickly. You can buy it yourself in New York and sell it again, so there's a lot to get rid of. It's a fast purchase site. I'll put a link below, so if you want to purchase it, check it out. Anyway, thank you. I'll wear it well. It's so cute. Another pair of dad shoes. Good morning. It's the weekend, and it's actually my first weekend after quarantine, and I'm actually going out today. I'm going to be watching Spider-Man. I forgot what the title is called, but yes, the latest Spider-Man movie that came out. And tomorrow, I'm going to be meeting up with Sojung and Junie. So exciting plans for my first weekend back from New York. My skin is doing a lot better after the visit to the skincare clinic. A lot of people ask me on Insta Story what I usually do when I'm at the clinic. I always pop my pimples like whiteheads, blackheads. I get a decolletage massage, and then depending on my skin's condition, I'll either get a quick peel or like a calming treatment. Usually, I like to get quick peel because I have a lot of acne scars, and I feel like quick peel really helps with that. But this time, I couldn't get the quick peel because she said my skin was too sensitive and too dry. So I just ended up getting a calming treatment. And people also asked me if I pop my pimples, don't they become scars? I mean, when I pop them by myself, they end up looking very nasty and red. But when they pop before me, they rarely become a scar for like forever. This, all the pimples I had originally popped in New York. So they had to like pop it again this time to make sure that there was nothing in there. I'm actually gonna do my makeup today. I really don't care about how I look these days. So I haven't really been putting a lot of makeup and stuff.  I'm actually gonna make an effort today. Using my IC sticks to kind of deep bloat and help absorb the products in. I asked Troiareuke if they were gonna make these IC sticks available worldwide. But as of now, they're only available domestically in Korea. I wish they had them on their style. I love them so much. I'll try to find something similar online and link it for you guys if I can find one in the description box. Alright, my face feels moisturized. Put some sunscreen. Alright, I'm gonna get changed first before I start doing my makeup because I want the products to sit for a little bit and let it absorb. And also, I think I might wear a turtleneck today so I don't want that to mess up my makeup and hair. Alright, just changed. This is a turtleneck I'm gonna wear. I went to the dentist yesterday and I couldn't get my treatment because they said it would take too long and they were just about to have their lunch break. So I have to go back next week. They just filled it up temporarily for now. The gap and the crack. They said it's going to take a long time because they have to fix both teeth in the back.  I don't know if there are any of you that are dentists. I'm sorry. I just hate the dentist so much.  How do you say shirin in English? I don't know but I should get it treated and over with because the longer I wait the worse it's going to get and the bigger the surgery might be so I'm just gonna be a grown-up about it.  You know at least I can get it treated right? I like mixed these two. First I put on Lorax vixen and then in the inner corners I put three C.E.'s blurring liquid lip in the shade Claret. With my hair I don't really know what I did. Let's go to the theater. I'm about to head out to the dentist now. Today is the big day. It's 10 50 a.m. I had breakfast. I took a Tylenol you know just in case.  No matter how old I get I don't think I'll ever like the dentist. Sorry. Back from the dentist. That wasn't too bad. It wasn't painful just for that but it did take a very long time. They originally said an hour and a half but it ended up taking two whole hours and it's not easy keeping your jaws open for two hours straight and not just regular open it's like you have to open wide so now I'm trying to put my jaws back to where they were with this mask that looks ridiculous and I also got myself a green tea fabricina from Starbucks on the way home because I thought I deserved a little treat after that whole ordeal.  Oh yeah that's delicious. My body was like tense for the entire two hours even though it didn't hurt you know just the sound and just that anxiety of not knowing what they're doing to your teeth or inside your mouth. See I was just like this for the entire two hours so now I'm now that it's done I'm feeling very like loosey-goosey. Honestly I want to take a nap but no I gotta edit my video because I have to upload this tonight. I'm like pretty much done I just have to finish the intro and the outro. Oh and also write the Korean subtitles but it definitely has to go out tonight. Just realized I can't edit with this but I'll go like this. Oh my god guys I just got home from radio and I bought some steamed crabs on the way home. Look at that I've got five steamed crabs in a plastic bag. Look at that. Why did you look at that? So I was on my usual Leica radio and I saw this food truck that I've never seen before and I was like oh my god I really want but I had to go to radio so I was like oh well next time but I didn't think they'd still be around by the time I ended radio and came back home because it's 10 p.m. They were selling five of the crabs for 20,001 which I don't think is that cheap either because they're not that fatty and then these conch shell things I don't know what it's called in English but it was like 10,001 but I asked for a discount so he gave me 1,001 off. I'm like so excited right now. It would be nice if I had someone with me to eat with me but oh well. I feel like I'm filming a mukbang right now. I feel like this calls for a drink so I'm gonna have my Irish gin with some ginger ale. I did have this with some tonic water and cucumber last time and it was delicious but I'm too hungry and lazy to cut up cucumbers right now so I'm just gonna mix gin with ginger ale. If I can open this it's a little strong. Hold up. It did taste so much better with tonic water and cucumber but this will do. I'm so excited. I'm gonna send pictures to my mom and my dad and my friends. Cheers. Gonna get tipsy tonight. Oh my god it's actually really good. I can't believe I got this for 20,001.


Sound has a kind of magic. Some creatures see with sound and so do some blind people. Sound can be shaped and engineered to enhance beautiful music. Sound can even change the taste of food. Sound can burn away tumors and may soon treat Alzheimer's disease. Sound can levitate solid objects. The mysteries of sound.


Coming up on DTNS, will the chip shortage kill Apple's momentum? How Spotify's tech slip up undermined an otherwise stellar quarter and the newest YouTube stars don't have human bodies? This is the Daily Tech News for Wednesday, July 28th, 2021 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood. I'm Sarah Lane. And Salt Lake City. I'm Scott Johnson. And I'm Roger Shane. The show's pretty. We were just troubleshooting Scott's Skype connection, which mysteriously disappeared. And then came back. And now we're doing the show. Get the lighter conversation, troubleshooting and a lot of talk about rats on good day internet. Become a member of patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Snap is adding a new popular feature to its map to suggest popular places that it thinks you might want to visit based on your and also your friend's past behaviors. Snap map users will also see things like bars or restaurants they've tagged in past posts were just favorited to come back to you later. It's been a big 24 hours for quarterly earnings reports. It's that timing of the three months. Let's start with Alphabet, which beat analyst earnings and add revenue estimates in Q2 revenue up 62% on the year to 61.9 billion. YouTube ad revenue increased 84% on the year with 2 billion monthly viewers and YouTube TV saw monthly US viewers up 20% on the year to 120 million. Google Cloud reported $4.6 billion in revenue. It's third straight quarterly increase since Alphabet started breaking out the business. Over in Microsoft's corner, the company beat analysts, estimates on earnings and revenue in its Q4 with revenue up 21% to 46.15 billion dollars. Intelligent Cloud revenue increased 30% to 17.38 billion dollars with Azure revenue in that unit up 51%. Teams now has over 250 million monthly active users and more personal computing revenue increased 9% to 14.09 billion dollars. However, surface sales decreased 20% due to supply challenges. Canada's Shopify nailed its Q2 earnings. The up and coming challenger to Amazon retail saw revenues rise 57% year over year. Merchant services rose 52% and subscription products rose 70%. And it makes money. That's right, a growing tech company that's already profitable. Adjusted net income more than doubled over a year ago at 284.6 million. Analysts expected earnings per share of 97 cents. They got $2.24. But you may say Shopify doesn't have AWS. Amazon has the smarts to turn its technology into profitable businesses of their own. Well, Walmart says hold my hard seltzer. Walmart announced it will integrate its online and in-store fulfillment technology into Adobe commerce platform, as well as Magneto open source for other retailers to use. They'll also integrate Walmart marketplace as well. In case you want to sell your stuff on Walmart.com, retailers who use Adobe commerce will be able to show store pickup options, communicate with customers about pickup orders and handle selection and substitutions by employees. Oh, and friend of the show, Brett Rownsville asked us to mention the key focal in the live, the local shopping startup we talked to him about, that he helped get off the ground has become called nearby and just launched in Austin. You can try it out in Austin now. Best wishes to Brett and company. Very cool. So you might recall that ZTE released the axon 25G last year. It was significant because it was the first under the screen front facing camera phone. The company announced the update, the axon 30, which now doubles the pixel density in the transparent area over the camera with a more seamless integration and also claims improved performance on the generally subpar results from the axon 20. People said, great idea. Didn't work that well. Well, maybe it'll work a little bit better. We got the axon 30 now. The phone comes out on August 3rd in China, starting at 2,198.1 or about 338 US dollars. Now there, I'm estimating about seven of you out there going, you talked about Shopify earnings and not Apple. Your bias is showing, well, we saved all of this for Apple right now. Apple had its usual glowing earnings report, a 36% rise in revenue over all year over year. iPhone sales increased 49.8% from 26 billion to 39.5 billion dollars. It remains the cash cow for Apple and services, which Apple sees as its future cash cow rose 33% from 13.1 billion to 17.5 billion steady march up for services. Other products, which includes wearables like watches, airpods, was up 40% to 8.76 billion. China even looks good again with a 50% increase in revenue on the year, but Apple's earnings call cautioned that supply constraints would affect its iPhone lineup this quarter. So it's not all rosy going forward. The iPhone is still the engine of Apple's revenue and Apple warned that revenue growth would slow next quarter because they won't be able to make enough iPhones, maybe Apple and Cook in particular are excellent at managing supply chains. But some suspect Apple was only able to keep the iPhones coming in the previous quarter by eating into stockpiles meant for future quarters. Apple's extra cautious on these things. Last quarter, Apple warned that supply problems could reduce iPad and Mac revenue by three to four billion dollars. And in this earnings report, Apple said the effect was limited to just iPads, and it was less than three billion dollars. In fact, Mac and iPad sales broke quarterly records with Mac revenue up 16% and iPad revenue up 12% year over year. Now Cook says the constraints are not on the new stuff. It's not on the 5G chips, the modems, stuff like that. It's on the legacy notes, the production parts that have been in production for a while. So that's what you need to pay attention to if you're really trying to follow this story closely. However, the Wall Street Journal said other component suppliers for Apple have reported orders in line with or stronger than previous years. That implies Apple thinks it'll be able to get the chips it needs to assemble all those components into a whole product. So even though they're warning investors that they might not be able to, they're telling them they're ordering the components as if they will. I mean, this is Tim Cook supposed to be his bread and butter, right? This is the guy that if anybody could solve it, anybody can do it. He can because he's the guy that took, you know, logistics at Apple took it to the next level and basically set himself up to be eventual CEO of the company and rightly so probably. But even they have to be cautious about this. They can't control everything. They can't, they can't bust in line either and push everybody out of the way. I mean, they kind of do that a little bit. Well, actually they do do that. Just for being so dominant. But they can't entirely do that. You know what I mean? Like they can't just do that. So I'm not surprised to hear this except what would surprise me. Well, what would surprise me is that it would either be as bad as either they or analysts say because I think they plan for this.  We're not exactly sure of this and that and the other.  It's a little bit like that. Yep. So I have a feeling that promise over deliver. Yeah, they do that. They haven't done a forecast in more than a year because they keep saying pandemic choppiness. We don't know what's going to happen. That that's how cautious they are. Yeah. I mean, listen, the iPhone sales over the last quarter. Wow. I mean, Apple is that is your cash cow. Apple obviously services has seen a rise as well, and it'll continue to shift. What, you know, I think that maybe echoing a lot of other people's sentiments where it's like, OK, so Apple is really great at the supply chain. Tim Cook, now running the company is is this is his his niche, right? This is this is what he's good at. This is why he has taken the company so far while he's been, you know, at the helm, but lots of other companies do the same thing and have really, really smart people running the show. And why, why, why has Apple, you know, somehow eluded this whole supply chain issue up until now? And I think the answer is it won't forever.  But supply chain is the supply chain. Yeah.  That's at a certain point. They're just aren't any components, and it doesn't matter how magical Tim Cook's skills at supply chain management are. If you can't get them, right, can't build the phones. And I think that's what he's implying is these older nodes. We don't know when the supply constriction is going to happen. I'm guessing they're right. The analysts are right, who are guessing they've eaten into their stockpiles. And they're like, well, unless we come up with an idea, we're not going to be able to make enough iPhones. We should warn analysts about that. Hopefully we'll figure it out or supplies will loosen up or something like that. Well, speaking of niches, let's talk about the music niche. Spotify listeners rose 22% to $365 million or million users rather, and quarter two. And that might not sound too bad. Sounds not shabby at all, but it's less than everyone. This is including Spotify's what they expected. So nobody thought that they hit what they were supposed to hit. Spotify noted that with fewer people on the go because of lockdowns, that might have something to do with it. The fewer people may be willing to pay for music and podcasts, and that was an expected effect. There was also this technical reason that they didn't sign up as many people. They didn't see it coming. At one point, Spotify made a change that stopped signups from being properly verified through one of its partners that handled email verifications. At the time, Spotify noticed the problem and fixed it. It had failed to verify between one and two million accounts. That is not nothing. A lot of people. The good news is, though, paying listeners, which Spotify, you know, makes more money off of anyway, rose 20% to $165 million, which is, you know, again, was to be expected. The amount of time people listen is on the rise as well with Spotify saying it nearly it's nearly pre pandemic levels is where they're at. Spotify noted that its podcast listening rose 30% year over year with total hours consumed, reaching an all time high up 95%.  We'll talk about why that number seems slow, small to some and huge to others. But anyway, Spotify's revised its year and forecast down from 402 to 422 million active listeners to a paltry 400 to 407 million active listeners, which implies that 422 was maybe a little inflated and the 400 to 407 is probably more in line. But man, this is a great earnings report if Spotify hadn't had that glitch, right? Yeah, it's still not deadly.   It's overall good news, but oh, they must be looking at that going wide. Why did that happen? You know, why why did we let that happen?  You lose one to 2 million. That impacts your bottom line. I mean, the good news is that sure, if there was something that it went wrong behind the scenes, the company is going to make the same mistake in the next quarter. So it'll it'll rectify itself. I I remain so I was about to say impressed. I don't think impressed is the right word, but so interested in the idea that podcast slash audio consumption companies have taken such a hit from the pandemic. And the idea is that people aren't moving around as much. So people don't like this kind of content because people like this kind of content when they're going from point A to point B. You know, gaming companies, video content companies have not had the same issue. It's the it's the audio companies that have have taken a hit. And the same audio companies were saying, OK, life's coming back to normal where things are OK again, because it is really about someone's routine and where they can fit in something as they're doing something else. Yeah, I agree.  Or I mean, that that kind of makes sense, right? You might see the switch back just last Wednesday. We're talking about how Netflix, their earnings and their expectations were tempered a little bit by people going out again. Yeah, maybe that flips. Spotify is saying, yeah, starting. It's almost starting to loosen up. Yeah, we're starting to get better because of that. So you're right. It's it depends on how you look at it. I think it's also interesting that they're making all this money off podcasting. Spotify has made a big bet on podcasting. A lot of people have been skeptical of whether it would pay off for them. It's still too early to say for sure it paid off. But like you said, 627 percent when you're coming from almost nothing is somewhat meaningless. Scott, you're not wrong there, but but they are bringing it to an all time high. They are continuing to skyrocket. And that's what you need to see at the beginning of the hockey stick, right? You need to see it skyrocketing like that. And I I think it means that, you know, Spotify with all of its acquisitions, it continues to make them, bringing in technology. So far is working. There's no question of whether to keep the momentum up, but so far it's working. I think it should give. I think it should be encouraging to content creators of all types, us included, to see that and see that that went well because that usually is a temperature of what's sort of happening everywhere in theory. And, you know, we'll see we'll see what happens. But, you know, we all have our personal Joe Rogan's to bear. I don't know what that means. Well, that means Spotify is like, oh, we will bear him happily as long as that money keeps pouring in. We're absolutely fine with that. All right. We're also absolutely fine. In fact, more than fine with Dan Campos, the host of N.T.X. And he has a message for you. Did you know that until 2009 in South Africa, career pigeons with USB drives were a faster way to deliver information than using the Internet? The best way that you can get your weekly tech news faster is by listening to Noticias de Tecnología Express. It's a bird. It's a plane. It's Noticias de Tecnología Express. All right. On August 31st, back in 2007, rather, Hitsune Miko debuted. You remember her? She was a Vocaloid or a software-created pop star. Miko used Yamaha's Vocaloid two, three and four singing synthesizing technologies. She's performed live on stage thanks to Rearcast production. Wow, right? Kind of old fashioned now. With free downloadable software at Live2D Cubism. There are others, but this is a popular one. Anybody with a decent avatar illustration know how can become a VTuber for just less than one hundred dollars? That is right, a virtual YouTuber, VTuber. They can go live. They can appear in each other's streams. They can chat with the audience in real time. It's like people, but they're not people. In fact, with YouTube's Super Chat, where people pay to have their comments highlighted and then pinned at the top of live chats during streams, increasing the chance that they'll directly interact with the stream host. A VTuber can make a decent amount of money. Restofworld.org has a really good article about how the pandemic has fueled the rise of the VTuber. Definitely existed before, big in Japanese culture, but starting to catch on elsewhere. Katsuna AI launched in 2016 and is considered the first genuine VTuber, an entirely digital YouTube celebrity. She's rumored to be voiced by Nozomi Kasuga, created by production company Active8. And Katsuna AI is done live concerts on YouTube, TikTok, Bill Bill, Oculus performed on stage in real life with a human band at Zep Haneda Music Hall in Tokyo back in June. So it's not unlike having a favorite animated character that has a storyline and never ages. But Katsuna AI is interactive and live talking to you if you want or two. In August of last year, Play Board reported seven of the top 10 Super Chat earners. Again, that's that's where people are earning money on YouTube were VTubers. Kirya Koko led with $100,000 in a single week. By October, VTubers views grew to more than 1.5 billion per month. And it's estimated that the number of VTuber performers now exceeds 10,000. The corporate world also taking notice, as they do. In April, Netflix debuted a half sheep, half human VT. Female VTuber named Encomay Karano to personally and directly be a part of the anime fan community. In June, also to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sega had a Sonic appear as a VTuber. Also in June, Guar Gura became the most popular VTuber in the world, beating Katsuna AI subscriber count by surpassing the 3 million mark. She often streams while playing games. That is what you might be familiar with, just like a popular streaming human would. So there's a big human component to all of this, and that part is really important. You just aren't supposed to know or care who that human is behind the scenes, even though you're hearing their voice or somebody's voice. Back in July, Sony Japan also opened auditions for what it calls the largest virtual talent development and management project in history with plans to debut 50 VTuber talents. So this, this makes sense in Japan. If you follow the idol culture there, I think it's I'm going to get the name wrong, AKB48. Something like that has been an idol group that's got dozens and dozens of members and they keep rotating through them. And so the members aren't what's important at any given point. It's the membership and you're a fan of that. So it's it's a culture that leans into VTuber where you're like, oh, I want to I want to idolize somebody. But man, isn't it cool if they can talk back to me? It's not just as one way if I can pay for Super Chat and get them to respond directly to my chats and then it's virtual. So that person is shielded because the other side of idol culture is the dark side of stalking and people trying to figure out where they live and whether they're dating someone. Whereas if it's virtual that yeah, there's a real human behind the voice, but that kind of melts away because you're looking at the animated version. And so there's there's less of a temptation to go find them because you're like, well, that that person I'm looking at that that Kiryu Coco is not real. You know, it's interesting. So I fiddled around with this a little bit because I wanted to see what I could do on Twitch. And I don't remember the utility I used. It was a web based thing that basically let me be selection of, I don't know, 10 sort of anime looking characters and and it always very weird and actually kind of impressive because the camera would recognize my movements and facial expressions and would translate those on screen and and really this is all kind of an outpouring of that. And people are really glummed onto it. I've had people say, Scott, the problem with that is that you could have some, you know, 54 year old dude who's pretending to be a young girl and is like attracting a giant audience of fellow young girls or whatever. And it's all a little weird, don't you think?  Like in some ways I understand the the entry of it. It's it's a way for you to truly be an avatar or be I don't know, it's like cosplay or anything else. You get to kind of be somebody else while you're online. And that has all kinds of connotations, positive and negative. But it is fascinating. Like it's a really fascinating new way that people are communicating with their fan base. And it's obviously here to stay. There's enough money involved now and enough popularity involved. This is going to go anywhere. So well, I find it kind of fascinating. Kind of Tom's point. And, you know, again, I agree with you, Scott, we're kind of a little bit of a wait and see issue here. But, you know, for someone to be like, I like idol culture, I want to kind of be obsessive about this. I want to tune into everything. And this is actually maybe less problematic than this happening with a real person.  But there is something I think that feels like it's less of that you're, you know, going too far or being a little too creepy barrier to entry type of thing when you just kind of want to focus on something and and and put a lot of time into it. And if you want that fantasy, it might feel a little less creepy if there's not a human on the other end, even though, again, there's a human voice again, but you can pretend like, well, it's not too weird for me to talk to this animated character, because it's just an animated character, right? That that can you could see that as a negative, but I could see a lot of people seeing that as a positive of like, that's harmless, right? Because it's a fictional person anyway, but it I get to interact. Yeah, I listen, I'm pretty new to this whole V Tuber thing as of today.  And Guarguara, who's now the most popular V Tuber, at least for now, you know, based on people tune into live streams.  Probably not a kid. Yeah. Yeah. You know, but but I get why this is this is pleasant.  I don't know. Yeah. But, you know, that kind of stuff.  And whoever's behind the scenes keep doing what you're doing. And I see why so many people find it. Entertainment, comforting, entertaining. Yeah. Yeah. All of certainly characterization and performance and that sort of thing is already part of streaming in YouTube culture.  And if you met him in real life, you'd hardly recognize him. This is just another step in that in that direction. It is a bit of a virtual costume. And in fact, shout out to Snowshoe in the Diamond Club community who is basically doing this before it was called V tubing. I've been doing it for years. So thank you, Nick, with a C for reminding me of that. Nice. You were a pioneer. Let's move on to Sony. They also had a report of sorts. Sony reported it's surpassed 10 million PS5 units sold on July 18th about a month earlier in its release cycle than the PlayStation for making it. Sony's fastest selling console straight up, which surprised me. I thought PS2 was never going to get de-thrown in that regard. But Sony interactive CEO Jim Ryan said that improving inventory levels for the console remains a top priority. And you're hearing a lot of news about stores getting restocks here soon. Not unrelated. Microsoft's reporting similar kinds of kinds of effects. They have now the fasting selling or fastest selling Xbox in the history of that company. They sold less units overall, almost 7 million, but have had similar stock issues. So Tom, what this turns out to look like is there's two problems happen or two things happening. One is demand is very high. And it's also hard to get new stock into the pipeline because of shortages and whatever. And they're both happening at the same time. In other words, it's not just shortages. Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's a real demand. I know that everybody listening is like, who are these 10 million people? Yeah, who are they getting these PS5s? I cannot possibly get a PS5. That's always the way you feel when you're on the outside of a high demand item. Anytime there's high demand, usually there's a short period of time where you can't get it. And then the supply catches up. And I think you're absolutely right. The supply can't catch up. Sony didn't expect the high demand that they got neither did Microsoft and unlike in the past where they can call up the fab and say like, hey, we want to place 10,000 more orders. The fab is like, we have no more capacity. We can fulfill the orders we promised to you we would fulfill, but we can increase them. And then that means that they stay in short supply on the shelves, and it's harder to get them. Yeah, I guess I'm I guess I'm not surprised by the success of those numbers, but this is going to be an interesting coming year. The thing we haven't even talked about here is how Nintendo was always out of switches during this time as well. So they did extremely well, like the demand is ridiculously high. And then nightmare scenario is you can't build them fast enough to satisfy that demand. That's actually not a chip shortage so much as there is an inability to meet the demand for the number of chips that they can make given capacity right now. And we've talked at length about why that is. But yeah, it's y'all y'all just want too many PS5s and Xboxes. That's the problem. Stop one. I'm just kidding. Well, Scott, you mentioned Xbox. So I thought that the story might be good for your Tommy. Krispy Kreme has debuted the Nexus leveled doughnuts as part of a new Xbox cross promotion in the UK and Ireland. And if you buy Xbox branded doughnuts between August 2nd and 22nd, you have a chance at winning an Xbox Series S and also a month of Xbox Game Pass Ultimate as a new subscriber. So stand back, Destiny Toaster. Step aside, KFC bucket shaped gaming PC, Xbox Mini Fridge. We hardly even knew you. Krispy Kreme is coming for you. But before you get too excited, a video about the feature shows actors as the team behind the doughnut with corporate titles like product innovator and quality assurance guru, ha, ha, ha, touting its revolutionary design in ergonomic form. So this seems like it's a real doughnut that can be had, but you have to be in the UK. So if you are, please get one and let us know what's inside. Joey, send me a doughnut. Get some doughnuts. It'll be a little stale, but I'll take it. Go for it. Why not? Yeah. And these are just powdered doughnuts with green crosses. Yeah. Well, they might have jelly. We don't know what flavor might someone. Yeah. Someone's got to get that doughnut and let us know what's in destiny flavored jelly. It tastes like it tastes like ray tracing. All right, let's check out the mailbag. This one comes in from Nick with a K. Nick said your discussion of cinematic VS or high FPS video. And if the love of a cinematic 24 frames per second is a generational thing, caught me thinking. It's also extended to games while every gamer likes it. High FPS. There's an argument over if you should use motion blur or not. Motion blur can give a bit more cinematic presentation, even at a high frame rate. But there is shall we say spirited debates over if you should or should not have motion blur turned on. So it's not just video connoisseurs that fight over that cinematic look. We now go to Scott Johnson's lawn where he's telling someone who loves motion and smoothing to get off of it. Scott. Well, I'll tell you, I've recently got myself in a position where I can do up to 144 frames per second on a PC and a video card that can do that and do it in HDR and all the bells and whistles. And there's a reason gamers aim for higher FPS almost over any other performance metric. They just want faster frame rates, faster framing rates in gaming means a better experience. I don't think there's anybody who's arguing that games should run at 24 frames per second and blurring does add a cinematic quality to the game, but it doesn't actually affect your frame rate. I usually turn it off because I just kind of find it annoying to have that blur there. And I noticed it a little bit too much. So I turn it off almost immediately. And it actually helps improve performance, typically, if you turn that off. Some games use it to hide problems like artifacting or tearing and that sort of thing. So there's a lot of there's a lot of stuff going on with blurring that isn't just simply, you know, a setting that you would prefer for a more cinematic look. I think as a point, however, and there is debate, spirited debate about whether blurring is a worthy addition to a game or not. But there's also spirited debate about reverse XY axis and your controls and whether when you push up it should go down or not. Like there's there's these eternal arguments. This is one of them. But I can tell you almost universally, gamers want better frame rates. And if you give that to them, they'll take that over anything else. So I prefer my film in the 24 frame cinematic way. My video games are for a maximum frame rate. So I don't think the two things are tied or connected. I think they are two very different experiences and it's possible to love one over here and seem like it's a problem over here, but it's not. It's actually the opposite over here. That makes sense. It does. Does. Yeah. Does it? Good. Yeah. No, I was I was expecting a more ranty Scott. That got reasonable, Scott. That all makes perfect sense. Yeah, there's not.  No. Well, I'd turn that off then if I were you. Like a doctor. Is it hurt when you do that? Stop doing it. Stop doing that. Well, Nick, thanks for writing in and and yeah, helping us have another conversation on the show. If you have thoughts on anything that we talk about on the show, questions, comments, all of it, please do send it our way. Feedback at DailyTechNewShow.com. Thank you in advance. Also, shout out to patrons at our master and grandmaster levels, including Steve Aya Darola, Dan Colbeck and Jeffrey Zilx. Also, an extra special thanks to Paul Davison. Paul is one of our top lifetime supporters for DTNS. Paul has been with us for some time. Thank you for all of the years of support. Paul couldn't have done it without you. Yeah. Well done, Paul. Paul's been Paul's been with us for a while. I like it. Yay, Paul. Also, yay, Scott Johnson and I don't know what what have you been up to, man? Well, there's a lot. So much that it's hard to describe. There's been quite a lot going on in and around the community that I podcast in. If you want to hear and catch up on a lot of that stuff, there's great places to do it. You can find it all. I think some really some of the best stuff I've done recently. I'm actually really proud of it over on the instance and elsewhere. So if you are interested in anything I might have to say, go check it out frogpants.com slash podcast or you can find me on Twitter and poke me there. I'm at Scott Johnson. Excellent. We are live on this year's show Monday through Friday at 4 30 p.m. Eastern. That's 20 30 UTC. Find out more at daily tech news show dot com slash live and we'll be back doing it all again tomorrow with Justin Robert. Yeah, talk to that. This show is part of the frog pants network. Get more at frogpants.com. I'm in the club. I hope you have enjoyed this.


Earlier this week, an excavator was stolen from the Pikeville Industrial Park and Pikeville City Police are investigating. Yeah, we received the complaint from UMG on the 21st of November. I was contacted by Commissioner Phillip Reed. UMG reported that an excavator had been stolen from the industrial park. There have been no arrests made in the case, however, the police do have a suspect who will be facing charges in the theft. Hobson says their investigation took them to Letcher County. The first post we made, very helpful from the public, you know, that really jumped started the investigation. We actually got one video, the video was from Long Fork, and that allowed us to start our investigation. Hobson says that the investigation, though his name may be on the report, is a team effort and he appreciates the support from not only his fellow law enforcement officers but also the community who sent tips for the investigation. For Mountain Top News, I'm Kelcey Fadell.


Hey guys, Shabear1000 here today. Almost forgot my name. I'd still do a little vlogging for you. What I'm gonna do is I'm gonna take this cover off this boat. I think there's a couple rivets. This is an aluminum boat, again. It's put together with rivets. This thing is almost 52 years old. So it's got a couple little leaks. Nothing major. Just when you're out on the boat, save for four hours. There is a little bit of water. Not much. Probably maybe a pint. And I was looking. I think it's coming in from the front. So what I'm gonna do is I'm just gonna use some caulking, seal it up. But I'm gonna flood the boat first, okay? I'm gonna fill it up with water and see where it's coming from. I'm gonna mark the holes. I'm gonna seal it up and I'll use some of that flex seal, too. And put on it. But you gotta let that stuff set 24 to 48 hours. I don't think we're gonna have the boat out for the next couple of days. Because I know she's at work today and she's gotta work tomorrow. So we might not get the boat out tomorrow. That should give me plenty of enough time. Hopefully it don't rain. But at least I'll know where it's leaking at. I think it's probably just a rivet because it's just so minimal. I normally wouldn't worry about it. But we take Bruno out on the boat and I don't want him drinking that old nasty water that may come in there. So I'm just gonna set you down here and I'll talk to you while I'm doing this. But like I said, we're just gonna flood it. That's how we always check these things. Just fill it up with water, man, and look underneath it for any water coming out. You got it running pretty good. It seemed a little sluggish the other night when we had it out. But there's a cam roller. I know you boat guys will know what I'm talking about. Just a little tiny roller that goes on this cam. And when you turn the throttle, it turns the timing plate or the cam plate, whatever. And it rolls on that roller, it rolls that roller, which opens up the throttle. Well, that little roller came off and it wasn't opening wide open. But anyway, the motor is running good. The boat's doing very well and we're very happy with it. So it's a custom cover for this boat. Of course, we didn't have it made, but somebody did. It is not waterproof, but you know, it mainly keeps the leaves out. That's all we care about because it does have a bung plug in the back. So I'm not worried about water getting in it. Nothing can hurt the water inside. We just want to keep all these leaves and stuff out of it. So what I'm going to do, this is just to keep the... These are just to keep the top, you know, that cover to keep it so the water runs off more. Because if you don't, I left it overnight the other day without the cover on. As you can see, all the leaves, that's what I hate. That's the hardest stuff to get out, man. You got to hose it down to the back, then you got to scrape them out. It's a pain, really. What we're going to do is make sure I don't have anything that's going to get wet that I don't want it to. We take our life vest out, bought Monkey this knife several years ago when we had the other boat. She never had to use it, but just in case, she says. So, all right, this is Bruno's little life jacket. Looks like a little shark. It's cute. Okay, so, all this stuff here. We also have an extra one. There's a seat cushion, but it also doubles as a floater. I don't know what this stuff is. Before this, this was for a light. I don't know what this stuff is. But it's time for it to come out. So, I got some blocks on the front of the boat trailer. Because this ain't the right trailer for it. And the pivot point's right here at the wheels.  Well, it's not a big motor, but you know, it's got some weight to it. Hanging off the back there. So, if you don't have some weight there, the boat goes up. So, I'm going to try to get some of these leaves out of here. And I'm going to flood the boat. Bummer. Our road. Reigned on. Okay, so, next week, you're going to take this ring doorbell. It actually picks up that whole truck and almost the golf cart. So, what I'm going to do, I'm going to take one of them cameras up there on the corner. Right there. Boom, right there. I'm going to put it on this corner and face it this way so I can get that. And I might leave the other one there because it really doesn't pick up much because of this now, but the ring doorbell does. So, the other one, I think, I'll point it back that way. Then I've got a couple more. I'm going to put one in the house in the kitchen. I'm going to put one on the back corner of the house back here in the backyard. Because sometimes, we've got motion light. See, this used to be a motion light here, but remember I had to take that out because it quit working. But sometimes, the monkey will come out at night and see the backyard light on. And it kind of makes her a little nervous. So, I go out and check. It's usually just an animal, like probably the armadillos we got back there. So, it's probably that or a lizard or a tree frog will get across the sensor or a big moth and it'll kick it on. Last night, I was fishing. I'll throw a couple of them clips in here because I went out two days and only caught two fish, one each day. I'll throw them in, but there was a lizard. We was coming back and we got a... I was only like five miles up the road here at the river. We was coming back and something came right. And we got a notification or our arms went off.  There was a lizard or not a lizard, a tree frog.  So, anyway, so stay tuned for next week. I'll bring you along when I move the cameras around and stuff. Because like I said, this ring really... I mean, it actually goes over to about right there. Kind of picks up the whole Corvette and it does pick up pretty much probably 80 or 90% of that truck. So I'm good with that. Because if anything comes in here, you know, walking human, it will sound an alarm. So, all right, well, I'm kind of rained on today. I'm going to go and put them straps back on. I did find one... One... See, there's a riveted together and they got rubber seals in there and stuff. But on the front seat, I found one rivet leaking. And that's all I found on the whole boat. So I went ahead and used that... Well, I threw it away. The flex seal, over top of a lot of it, I sealed some of that up. Anything, you know, I sanded it. And anything that looked like it could be a potential leak, I went ahead and shot it with that. I'm going to get some more of that stuff and I'll probably just do the hole underneath all the rivets and stuff. I'm not worried about the sides too much. They look great, but they're going to be painted anyway. We're just going to paint the whole thing. The same color, or real close to that color blue, we kind of like it. It looks cute. So I did get a little overspray on the bunks.  I'm not worried about that because we're not going to have that trailer as long as we have the boat. That's for sure. I do not like that trailer. It doesn't fit it. It's hard to back. So anyway, let's go in the house and we'll go in the garage and find something to chitchat about. You guys keeping these fish? I'll wrap this one up right here. It's got the fan blowing on me. It's still hot. Really hot. What is it anyway? It is. I'm getting my glasses on and I'll tell you. 84 with a real fill, 97 and it's raining. So, but I'm going to call it right there. Hope you enjoyed a couple fishing clips. But my monkey's messaging. My workbench here is a total wreck, man. And also I forgot to tell you, I do have a yard cell find video coming up. I may get to that today since it's raining. So I haven't been doing much on the late night thing because it seems like I get about 18, 20 views and that's it. If you guys want me to keep doing some, I'll do them. But I'm just not going to do it every week.   They make sure they let it known that they're out in the garage really late. But I do have one. I don't know if I'm just going to do it as a how to or trying to fix video or if I'm going to do it as a late night. But it's also in with the yard cell find. Well, it's one of the yard cell finds. I'll do a yard cell find and also I got a free stuff. We're going to check out the free stuff that I got. And so, like I said, fishing's been better. But last night I figured it'd be a lot better than it was, but I did catch that one fish and then the day before I caught that one. But, you know, we need to get out on the boat and how if it's raining like that, you know, don't want to be out on the boat when it's raining.  But stay tuned for more fishing. I'm going to, you know, all I'm doing right now is kind of scoping out different places. I'll get out on the boat and get back into the river and we'll find some cat fishing holes there. I'm not doing the bass fishing thing. Too many people are doing that. You know what I mean? That's, you know, I'm not Bill Dance. You know what I mean? I'm not, I'm not a bass fisherman. Never was keen on it. I have bass fished. I've caught my share of bass, but, you know, I like the big fish that really fight. And so that's why I like cat fishing. And down here we've got the gar. I think it's alligator gar. Anyway, I know we've got gar. We've got mud fish. They're fighting fish. So I'm going to try out some different baits. We've just been using eye crawlers because I usually like to use, when I'm cat fishing, I like to use chicken livers. But there's all different kinds of stuff they use down here for different fish. But, you know, cat fish will pretty much hit on anything that's meat-wise.  That was a fluke because usually they like meat, meaty stuff, live. Well, not even live, but dead because they're bottom feeders. But man, they put up a good fight. So I'm going to get off here. I'm going to edit this video for you. I may do some more filming. I may have another video following this one today or tomorrow. I'm not sure. I may do some fishing tomorrow. I don't know. But it's going to be a couple of days before we get the boat out again. So hopefully it's raining now. But the stuff I put on it was all on the bottom. So hopefully it doesn't run down there too bad. If it does, I'll just have to redo it. But like I said, there was only one rivet that was leaking. When I flooded the boat, I was going to show you, but I got into it and then it started raining. What I did was I tilted it down forward.  And then I did see one drip. And that's about how much was coming in.  You know, it was like drip, drip, drip, drip. And it was one rivet where the seat mounts go down in. One rivet on it. So I think I got it. And then I leveled it out real level, checked for more leaks. And then I stood it straight up, checked for leaks in the back. I see no leaks back there. He said he thought the plug was leaking a little bit. But I think what it was doing was it was just rolling back.  But some people don't think they just think, well, it's wet back there. It's got to be that plug. Wasn't a plug though. What I don't like about it is I may do away with some time as the plug's right in the bottom in the very back. But it's in the bottom. And I don't like that because if you get too long of a plug and you're coming up in the shore. Because those boats are made just to run right up on the beach, just to beach them. And, you know, it'll wiggle that plug and you can see the holes kind of bent. But I didn't see any leaks around it. So I may change that.  We'll just have to see. But that may be a wooden transom. That might be why they didn't do it. I don't know. But anyway, that's future stuff. So this winter, probably January, I'm going to take a weekend. I'm going to go over the lower unit and make sure they did put a new impeller in it. It is pumping good. It's pissing like it's supposed to. So, but, you know, I want to make sure the new seals in it. Because I read on that one work order that he gave me that something about the output shaft in the lower unit was pitted. Now, why they didn't change it after already having them at $600. I don't know why they didn't go ahead and change the output shaft for $30 more when they put new seals on. They said they cleaned it up with Emory cloth. So I don't know. But we're going to take that apart and find out and reverse. You got to hold it in reverse. If you don't hold it, it's all right item. But then if you go to get a little bit of gas to back up, it wants to pop out. So that's going to need adjusted, which that will be adjusted when I take the lower unit off and just go over it. I think the engine is going to be fine. I don't think I have to do anything to it. I may clean the carburetor, you know, just for the hell of it. I don't know, but it seems like the carburetor is running fine. So anyway, that's it in a nutshell. Sorry, wasn't too much interesting stuff. But at least we got the chit chat and you got to see some funny footage. So anyway guys, thanks for watching. Appreciate it. Sheba, the man, let him go for now. Bye-bye guys. We'll see you soon. Don't forget to comment, rate, subscribe, share these videos, and we'll chat soon. Bye-bye.


It's really shiny and with these hats. I gotta I gotta extend them all the way out To protect my bald eagle the hair is gone. Yes. It feels so good to be free In release from the chains of heaven all that here and some of y'all might be like engraving why'd you cut it all off? I always do this. There's no surprise anything Anyway, team keep it clean. Oh Feels just so good man for those of y'all that that have been seeing a YouTube story. Y'all already saw this anyway anyway Flacco is back back Flacco's back I'm happy for him I'm happy that Flacco is back Flacco. They did back at practice They said he was still up the little soul from his hip But that's fine. We ain't asking him to dance. We'll need him to do all that We don't need him to do well We definitely don't need him to do that Kirk Kirk Cousins thing because Flacco doing the the eating the wins. That was awkward enough and Even when he didn't know the mannequin challenge though, that was perfect for him Remember the mannequin challenging that in the Browns game on Thursday night football. I think it was mannequin child that was perfect for Flacco because that's a perfect dance for Flacco. That was perfect But well Kirk Cousins was doing and eating the wins. Nah, we we can't have you doing that. But anyway Flacco returned to practice today along with like 50 other Ravens Alex Collins Gus Edwards Just everybody except Tony Jefferson. Everybody came back Jimmy Smith So, yeah more notable names though Gus Edwards and Alex Collins, and of course Flacco Some of the other guys that had missed practice like yesterday or something. It wasn't nothing serious But him being back is is big Flacco being back is huge Because they Ian rapper port Who he's credible, but he said that Flacco not expected to start this week They still expected to start Lamar And Jeff Zerbiek and Jameson Hensley they put out that Flacco was back at practice too So, you know when it comes straight from them Raven sources. Oh, we good to go then Even though sometimes I don't know how with the With the Lamar Jackson stomach ache remember when that came out, you know the first person to report that was Adam Shepter not even not even Raven's very own but Adam Shepter was the first one to report that I'm like How does Adam Shepter get it before? But anyway Flacco Joe Flacco has returned to the practice field after missing Wow, what past two three weeks of practice. I think Because yeah, the the week before the the bingles game, but they were off actually the bye week Then the week before the bingles game missed that the week before the Raiders game missed that and then Missed a couple of days this week. So he just missed two and a half weeks He got some elite hips, huh? He sure does but Anyway, now, what does this mean for Lamar Jackson? Not really this week since he's expected to start but next week because next week we got what chiefs I Think we got chiefs of charges next. No, we got chiefs. I believe because we got charges toward the end of the month But who Wait, what does it mean next week? When we got to go against the Kansas City chiefs No, what did you just mean next week period? Should Lamar lose his spot Win or lose against the Falcons should Lamar let's talk about both scenarios really let's talk about both of them So if Lamar Jackson wins against the Falcons and Lamar Jackson and the Ravens because it's not a one-man show But a one man has made a huge difference in the show But if if the Ravens win this Sunday against the Falcons Should flackle get a spot back If he's completely healthy next week, what if Lamar Jackson goes out there and has a bad game statistically Or even what if he has a good game statistically? Should flackle get a spot back if the Ravens win Me y'all know what I got to say already. This is definite. No I Feel like and I even tweeted this when the Ravens first tweeted it out that that flackles back at practice I said that's good. I'm really glad that he's healthy because I really am because injuries Though they the worst part of the game Worst part of NFL, but um, I said, I'm glad he's back, but he needs to stay on the bench He needs to stay right there He needs to stay right there And that's win or lose with Lamar Jackson Win or lose Because this this has been the perfect opportunity Opportunity for the Ravens even for John Hall ball, too, but this has been a perfect opportunity for the Ravens To make the shift to make the change to make the adjustment to make the move It's been the perfect time and it couldn't have happened any Better way for flackle and I know some of y'all what how how was that? How could what? It couldn't have been a better way for flat he got injured man. What are you talking about engraving what this injury can help his pride You know quarterbacks they real sensitive man They real sensitive so this injury Helps flackle it helps the team move on from flackle a lot easier than just being like hey We're gonna bench you because you haven't been that good This helps make it so much easier So much easier Because you ain't got to go through all the of oh, yeah, we benched you cuz you weren't playing good or sorry flack But I ain't mean to hurt you but well, yeah, you ain't got to go through all that.  That's it That's why they they should just leave everything like it is right now Flackle is healthy fine. Have him as a backup Have him as a backup Even though that's gonna take away even though they ain't really used it that much that would take away those RG three plays when he's on the field too, but Like I said, I don't even think they use it at all in the Raiders game because I don't remember I know they use it in a bingles game twice, but in the Raiders game I don't remember them using it not once but y'all let me know if I'm wrong about that. I don't know but anyway So yeah, if Lamar Jackson wins and the Ravens win on Sunday against the Falcons Lamar's got to stay. I mean that would give even more reason for Lamar to stay. He has to You can't mess this up This is gonna be next week.  You know Lamar's gonna take it in strata and be humble about it or whatever and say all the right things, but What's that gonna do for your for your future quarterback? Oh? Because you had a bad game you got benched after one bad game You got benched after your first loss in three games When are starting quarterback of 11 years it has had plenty of bad games and had actually one of the worst statistical games of NFL history last year And he didn't get benched Well, he got he got benched at the end of the game the very end of the game after it was already over But they just wanted to save him for health purposes So what kind of message is that gonna send to Lamar Jackson if he gets benched after One game after one loss. I mean excuse me That's why you just can't do it You can't do it This team is clearly energized by this guy. They clearly are they levitate toward this guy They clearly they you can tell they love him and he loves them too This dude has created just a new atmosphere You hear so many and it's obviously not all about the fans But um, it's that they have a big part to do with it that with Lamar Jackson A lot of people have now said that hey, I'm actually excited and look forward to watching Ravens games now Now while that's not the entire part of it It is a business. So you got to keep the business part in perspective, too This guy is good for the fans. Well, not all of them because you know Well, you know cuz you got enough fans that I'm like well Lamar Jackson.  He's a running back. He should be a receiver But he's good for enough fans for a good portion of the fans He's good for your business. He's good for your brand He's good for your offense. It's good for your defense and he's he's injected new life into this team and Again, it's time. It's been time. It's been time for years. It's been time for years We behind how long have we been behind on offense for? Oh Boy Years Ravens been we've been in the back of the line for the longest Now we finally up at the at the front and it's like oh, this is a good feeling This is a real good feeling And it's like it feels kind of like weird so Again glad flak goes back and health or not all the way healthy but He need he needs to stay exactly where he is he has to stay exactly where he is because it's He just can't he should not start over the mark win or lose he He should he should stay on the bench. He's got to stay on a bench and Just I think they should just get this will make it easier for them to move on This will make it easier for them to move on it makes the process so much easier the process so much smoother Because and then there's there's so much risk in bringing back flak 0-2 There's a lot of risk with that Because a lot of people keep saying oh well, we don't know how Lamar Jackson is gonna be in this situation If he's down 14 points, we don't know how he's gonna be and if we get to the playoffs We he doesn't have that experience or a rock flak.  It's just it. I feel like it's too much risk involved in that Now he could come back and do good He could come back and do great But him coming back and being healthy and being active This could also benefit Lamar because Lamar could get that flak 0 effect now Remember when all the reports Were coming out when the Ravens first drafted Lamar Jackson All right, everybody try to create this beef this problem They were always there was a lot of questions from subscribers to his flak. We're actually gonna be motivated now And let's see. Yeah, so yeah, a lot of people expected him to have his best season ever and just Everybody was like, oh, this could create something big So with another quarterback being in position to take your place that can give you a boost of motivation I think I think it definitely had happened with flak 0 definitely did But now the shoes on the other foot With Joe flacko coming back that could give Lamar extra motivation like, okay Flacko's back. He's healthy practicing again Let me show these people That this is my team now and It will be for a long time. So we'll see how this thing goes We'll see how it plays out. It's super exciting. I can't wait. I know y'all can't either so Glad flackos back healthy Well, not all the way because like I said, they said he saw but I'm glad he's back Because this could make Lamar His presence felt even more Make them that much more effective. We out, baby


So if we want the acceleration, it's pretty simple, that's just the acceleration due to gravity, and we know it acts downwards. We also know that there are no horizontal acceleration components. Since there's no acceleration in the horizontal direction, and all the acceleration is in the vertical direction, it helps to split the motion up into vertical and horizontal components. So let's consider our vertical throw. Our acceleration, we know is just the acceleration due to gravity. To find our velocity, we can use the fact that our acceleration is equal to the change in velocity over the change in time. So for time t, we know that our change in velocity is equal to g times t. We also know that our change in velocity is equal to our final velocity minus our initial velocity. We can arbitrarily choose our final time to measure, so we can see that at any moment in time, our change in velocity is equal to the velocity at that specific time minus our initial velocity. Rearranging our equations, we can find that our velocity at time t is equal to gt plus initial velocity. So what is our vertical displacement? To find this, we can relate our velocity with our displacement, so v is equal to the change in displacement over the change in time. However, we know that our velocity is dependent on t. It is not a constant. However, we do know that our velocity has a constant acceleration, and so because our velocity is constantly increasing, we can look at the average between the velocity at two moments in time. If our initial velocity is zero and our final velocity is gt, then we know that our average velocity will be equal to gt on two. So to find our displacement at time t, we multiply this by t, and that gives us our displacement of gt squared on two. This equation is one of the classical equations of motion that you may have met previously with the acceleration fixed as small g.


A bill authored by Republican Representative Dale Luke of Aiken to put new energy and focus on protecting Minnesota's natural wild rice resources received bipartisan approval from the Minnesota House today, passing 78 to 45. The legislation directs both the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Department of Natural Resources to refocus their efforts on protecting, enhancing, and where appropriate restoring natural wild rice beds in Minnesota. It brings the Department of Natural Resources back into this process, directs them to pick up and complete some research work that they began literally 10 years ago. It provides a little bit of funding to make sure they get that process going to come back to us in January of next year to further ascertain exactly what we need to do to ensure we continue to protect wild rice. We want to make it clear to our state agencies and all the citizens of Minnesota, including our tribal members, that the legislature finds wild rice to be a very important ecologically and culturally valuable aquatic plant, and it is in fact to be protected. The bill now heads to the Senate. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Ladies and gentlemen, a very warm welcome on behalf of the University of Bremen and on behalf of the Faculty of Business Studies and Economics. My name is Jochen Simmerman. I'm the Dean of the Faculty of Business Studies and Economics and I have the honour to open this really wonderful symposium that Lars Hornoff has organised with his collaborators. I think the crowdfunding symposium deals with a fascinating and also multifaceted problem. It deals with crowd work, cloud work, gig work, online freelancing and other forms of on-demand labour and when you think of crowd, cloud, gig, all of these things and all of these names are pretty novel to me and I do think they're a real new phenomenon that's worthwhile discussing. I'm glad that you do this at the University of Bremen but it is also a very good place to do it just here. Bremen is a very young university, it was founded in 1971 first just to supply teacher training and its research was mainly in the social sciences when it was founded in the 70s on progressive topics and with new and innovative methods. In the 1980s the university grew with its natural sciences and the engineering faculties. We now have several research areas in which we focus, that's the marine sciences, is informatics, you're in the building of informatics here so when you think about why is this so wonderful, there's a lot of third party funding that our dear friends of the informatics faculty bring in. We have a research area in materials technology, the welfare state, health and logistics. At the University of Bremen we have around 250 professors, we have 20,000 students, we have all traditional fields with the exception of medicine. Medicine is the only thing that the university does not offer in teaching and research. Bremen is also a university that, at least of a kind, is big on on-demand labour. More than one third of our funds are from third party resources, they're project based and the employment that we have at the university is centred around these kind of projects and in that kind of perspective it is precarious and it's a challenge that you will discuss in a slightly different setting but it is something that we also face in our day-to-day work and dealing with these issues. At the Faculty of Business Studies and Economics the situation is slightly different. We have 25 professors, about 140 staff, 3,500 students and the courses that we offer at the programmes at bachelor and master level are on business, economics. We offer programmes jointly with the colleagues from engineering, with the colleagues from informatics and with the colleagues from psychology.  Your speakers come at this conference from business administration, from economics, from information systems, sociology, psychology and the law. And I do think that approach that this symposium takes is just the right thing to do because if you want to discuss real world problems and if you want to approach them from an institutional perspective you need to bring scientists together from different fields and I believe that is the only way where you can really generate knowledge that is policy relevant or relevant for the well-being of the society. I've looked at the programme, I counted, I've been counting 12 speakers, 6 commentators and about 40 conference participants. I admit that I haven't looked at everybody's CV but at least at some and it leaves me with the impression that Lars has gathered here in Bremen one of the most relevant researchers in the field of crowd-working. And I'm glad that you found your way into the German Northwest from far-flung places and from places even as far as Taiwan. As the German economy turns into a recession and as Germany has one of the biggest low-wage sectors in Europe, the labour question, fair wages, fair employment practices will become more virulent and more pressing. And therefore it is very topical that you have found also a keynote speaker that deals with labour market issues and that a lot of the discussions that you have at this conference will deal with labour relations. Jan Marco Leimermeister in his keynote, a renowned scholar of online labour markets will speak about how the nature of work affects satisfaction and identification among ground workers. I wish you a fruitful conference, good talks and discussions. I hope that you will have also some time to explore the very leafy and livable city of Bremen and that you go back to your respective places with a perspective to return to Bremen because either we have great scientists like Lars Hornev or we have a wonderful place where it's great to live or what would be even better, of course, if for both reasons you will return. Have a good conference. Thank you very much.


What was most striking to me is how much political party participation was there in those few last days before the election. There was such excitement at the political rallies that took place before what was deemed this day of silence. And in that day of silence, which is the day before the actual elections, there was an emphasis that Tunisians did not need to be bombarded by political party campaigns, the last minute calls, and all these banners throughout their communities that they actually needed that time to reflect on the candidate that would represent them. What struck me about that period of silence was also not only the reflection about who they picked, but that this process had come upon them. And it was evident when we had inspected the polling places that not only were they in place, the staffing, the military was there, but there was a sense of almost honor that they were actually going to embark upon this idea of an election. While it was very clear the polling stations were divided, that youth were not showing out as large of numbers clearly as those over 40. The over 40 lines were extremely long and the youth lines were extremely short. However, young people were the face of the polling centers and every polling center that I walked in. I think if there was a moment where the Tunisians really wanted to emphasize the transparency, if there was so one singular moment that could capture that, it was in the counting process. And you and I both know that it was long in many ways very tedious, but it was very deliberate in the sense that here they were showing the ballots to every single participant who was locked into that room almost mechanically so and yet shown that this was in fact the ballot. It strikes me that in our own position we often forget that the election is a means to an end and that now the idea of governance remains for the Tunisians. Samuel Huntington once made the argument that you had to have two consecutive election cycles in order to basically be considered an infant democracy. And Tunisia has overcome technically now with its second election that hurdle. But it seems to me that it's almost with bated breath that they now look to the presidential election. What's coming in the next six months is a continued commitment to that inclusive and participatory process. What you saw was people who wanted to be close to the polling stations, people who demonstrated incredible professionalism and even in the car rides with our interpreters there was an enthusiasm not only to the idea that this election meant something but the preparation that it took almost envisages a better sense of governance for the country. So as I look at it in stark contrast to many of the other countries that we've witnessed in the region this really holds a lot of promise.


Good morning friends. I'm poor one today. We will work out the following question. Let a and b be independent events with Probability of a is equal to zero point three and probability of b is equal to zero point four Find first probability of a intersection b second probability of a union b third probability of a given b and fourth probability of b given a Let e and f be two events then the conditional probability of the event e given that f has occurred that is Probability of e given f is given by probability of e given f is equal to probability of e intersection f Upon probability of f and here we have probability of f is not equal to zero So this is the first formula which we will use in this question The second formula which we will use in this question is let e and f be two events now if e and f are independent then we have Probability of e intersection f is equal to probability of e into probability of f So this is the key idea behind our question Let us begin with the solution now now we are given that probability of a is equal to zero point three and Probability of b is equal to zero point four We are also given that a and b are independent events Now in the first part we have to find probability of a intersection b Now by key idea we know that if two events e and f are independent then probability of e intersection f is equal to probability of e into probability of f now here We know that a and b are independent so we get probability of a intersection b is equal to probability of a into probability of b This is since a and b are independent Now this implies probability of A intersection B is equal to probability of A which is equal to 0.3 into probability of B which is equal to 0.4 and this is equal to 0.12 so we have got probability of A intersection B as 0.12. Now in the second part we have to find probability of A union B. Now for two events A and B we know that probability of A union B is equal to probability of A plus probability of B minus probability of A intersection B. That is probability of A union B is equal to probability of A now probability of A is equal to 0.3 so we have 0.3 plus probability of B is equal to 0.4 minus probability of A intersection B is equal to 0.12 by first part we know so we have minus 0.12. So this implies probability of A union B is equal to 0.58. Now in the third part we have to find probability of A given B by key idea we know that for two events E and F the conditional probability of the event E given that F has occurred that is probability of E given F is given by probability of E intersection F upon probability of F. So here we have probability of A given B is equal to probability of A intersection B upon probability of B and here probability of B should not be equal to 0. Now this is equal to probability of A intersection B which is equal to 0.12 we know by first part upon probability of B which is equal to 0.4 this is given to us and this implies probability of A given B is equal to 0.3. Now in the fourth part we have to find probability of B given A. Again by key idea we know that probability of E given F is equal to probability of E intersection F upon probability of F and here probability of F should not be equal to 0. So probability of B given A is equal to probability of B intersection A upon probability of A and here probability of A is not equal to 0. This is equal to probability of A intersection B upon probability of A. Now since A intersection B is equal to B intersection A so we know that probability of A intersection B is equal to probability of B intersection A. Now this is equal to 0.12 because probability of A intersection B is equal to 0.12 we know this from first part upon probability of A is equal to 0.3 this is given to us. So this implies probability of B given A is equal to 0.4. Thus we write our answer as answer for the first part is 0.12 answer for the second part is 0.58 answer for the third part is 0.3 and answer for the fourth part is 0.4. Hope you have understood the solution. Bye and take care.