Every time I pull a foil, we open a Legacy Pack. What's up guys, we're back with another epic video. Today we're gonna be opening up some Dark Neo Storm, but that's not the end of the story. We open these up. Anytime we get a high rarity pull above a Super Rare, we're gonna be opening up a Legacy Pack. So if we pull an Ultra Rare or a Secret Rare, we're gonna open up a Legacy Pack. So if we pull something good, that means Legacy Pack opening. But before that, we have a giveaway. I'll be giving away these three cards. We have a monster reborn from LLB, very cool.  Let me know what you think about the new video idea and how we can improve it. Let's get into the opening. I'm pretty excited to open these because, and we will also count Fusion Destiny as a Legacy Pack, because it's a Super, but it's the best card in the set. We want to open these for Fusion Destiny. We were gonna do it on the live. You guys know it did not work out, unfortunately. So we're gonna do a little bit of a fun way. So if we pull something big, we get to open another cool pack. So let's start here. We got the Crealtar, we got the Deus Xcrawler, Solomon Great Phenic, it's like a Boba Fett. All right, Chain Hole, we've got a Super Rare. So that will not qualify. So we don't get to open anything. So actually I think how we're gonna do it as soon as we pull the big card, we go right into a Legacy Pack. That way we can keep it interesting. Let's go to the next one. We've got a Puzzle Amino, Magical Musket. Yeah, there's some pretty decent value cards in here. So, go sister in spooky dogwood. I actually, we did that live stream, it cut off because of the internet. I opened one more pack after that off camera and I pulled this. So I was like, maybe I should not do these off camera. So there's another one, a Sega Rare. And you guys know what that means. That's a high rarity pull. So we're gonna be opening a Legacy Pack. So let's open up this blister and get one of the two packs out. Let's, we can also see what the promo is. Maybe something good. So far I've not got any promos out of here that were actually good. We have, oh, Protector of Eyes of Blue is not that bad. So I think we're gonna choose Invasion of Chaos. So the next one we get will be the Spell Roller. Let's go with Invasion of Chaos this time. And let's see if we can pull something insane. We have Oak Jamma Yellow, Burning Algae, Inferno. The Thing and the Crater and a Get Sufuma. Okay, we didn't get anything crazy that time. But we did get to open one. Next, we're going for that Spell Roller pack. Let's see if we can get Fusion Destiny. It's around a $25 super, I believe, even unlimited. Go key the blade over. You guys will see if we pull one. Signet Mining Another Secret Rare. Oh wow, and this is one of the better ones. Okay, we're opening a lot of Legacy Packs at this rate. We've got two Secret Rears already. That's insane, not even Ultra's. But that's pretty good. World Legacy Collapse and Incantation. Yeah, we're not gonna go into that. Next, Legacy Pack, Spell Roller. So far two out of three. We've had to open a Legacy Pack. We have the Fairy's Hand. Actually, let's do the, as some commoners like call it the Pokemon card trick. It's not Pokemon card trick. It's just a good way to not have to go. Like two cards in, you've already seen the rare. Ceremonial Bell, Fairy's Hand Mirror, Umi Ruka, Flash of Salem, Labyrinth Wall, and the UFO Turtle. So we are over on the Legacy Packs. That's okay, we've got, I think 20 total Dark Neostorm. So 20 chances, we're two out of three. I wonder how many we will have to open after this. It's gonna be interesting to see Neoflameville, Cressadia, Haunted Rock, Memories of Hope, another Super Artigie, Hobart Cannon Assault Mode, very cool. Also, we are coming up on Grand Creators, guys. The new set is coming out. If you haven't seen the spoilers or the leaks or the people opening them early, there's some really cool collector wears like Solemn Strike, there's Torrential Tribute. I think there was, what was it? Is Iteli one? I haven't seen yet. But I think that's a theory. So there's a Mayakashi Winter. There we go, Madolche Teacher, very cool. Mayakashi, there we go, I'm struggling. That's a cool, I like Mayakashi's. Very, very cool. So Ultra Guys, Haunted Rock, Flame Veil Lady, Mord Shlag, Cressadia Testament, and Destiny Hero, Dominance. Or, oh, Dominance, sorry. Dominance would have been cool. I thought it was a play on Dominance, but I guess it's just Dominance. Dominance would have been much more fun. Let me know. I think that would be a cooler name. We've got the Assault Mode Zero. So we're looking for any secret or Ultra to allow. Yeah, another secret, a no material. I love this, oh, this card is so cool. No material, very amazing. Okay, it sounds like no material, but it's no material. Three secrets already, that is pretty crazy. No Ultras, three secrets and no Ultras, pretty weird. We've got another Blister Pack. Let's see if this can provide us with something incredible. We love to see it. Let's see what the promo is. Oh, another Protector with Eyes Blue. Okay, it's not the worst thing ever. Let's switch it up and go Spell Ruler first this time so maybe we can pull something good. All right, we've got a Curse of Fiend. Crab Turtle, Rising Air Current. Oh wait, we gotta do this. We don't wanna ruin it too early. Let's keep the Rare at the end as well. We've got the Hamburger recipe. We've got the Boar Soldier. H1 of the Deforced. The Penguin Knight, Rising Air Current. And the Flash of Salem over over three, come on. We've gotten three secrets out of Dark Neostrom. That's pretty good. But we still haven't pulled the Super Rare that we actually want, which is the, whatever he's called, the Puzzle Amino. The Deus K. Crawler, Slill Dolphin, Loge's Flame. All right. I really did open some of these for a video and I was trying to pull Fusion Destiny 2 more. And I think it took like two minutes so I just didn't even put it in a video. So sorry about that, guys. All right, we got the Ultra Guys, which rarely happens. I rarely open without posting a video. Morchelike and Crackdown. Not a bad card. Crackdown's pretty decent. We'll put that aside, but it is not Ultra or Secret. So far no Ultra's in this opening. Is that not weird? I know there are Ultra's in this set, but where are they? We've got the Puzzle Amino, the Drop and Deleter. He's dropping and he's deleting. All right, Deus, we've got the Slill Dolphin. I like the name. Mech Knight, Crusadia, Avramax. That is a really good secret rare. Oh, that's a good one. I mean, I think it's only like five to 10 bucks, but even unlimited. I mean, he's just a great, great card. So very cool. Two Monster Special Summon from the Extra Dex. How you get to that one? So sort of difficult to get to him, but in these days, you know, that's not that difficult. Oh, we almost forgot our Legacy Pack. We will not forget. That's four secrets. What is going on? Is there no Ultra's in this set? I know there are Ultra's, but it doesn't seem like we're going to pull them. We've got, oh wait, let's do this. Let's get some fire going here. We've got the Terror King Salmon. What does it say? A feared Salmon Master of the Sea of Darkness. It's Roe is the best delicacy in the world of darkness. It's Roe. I don't know what that means. What does Roe mean? And in that context, somebody help me out. Chaos Necromancer, Coach Goblin. Whoa, we've got to calm down here. Which Doctor of Chaos that was throwing me off? Hero Emerges, Cannonball Spear, Shellfish, Soul Tiger, and the Berserk Gorilla. Ooh, ah, ah, I am Berserk Gorilla. Where? Where? We cannot pull a foil. Can we get the legendary, what's it called? Destiny Hero, Fusion Destiny. There we go. Memories, oh, come on. Where's the Fusion Destiny Valkyrie chariot? Still many packs to go. Will they bless us with something that we can use? We have the Crusadia Testament, Alter Guys Haunted Rock, the Crialtor, Cloudy and Aerosol, and Salomon Great Recurrence. We finally have an Ultra Rare. It took a lot of packs. We pulled four secrets before we pulled an Ultra of that. It's just odd. I don't understand that. These were out of special edition. So it makes sense that they, it's like all over the place. This time we got a little bit of a different one. It's got metal raiders in here instead. So we're definitely opening that one for the Picanio Moth. You guys know how it goes. We have the promo of a regular Rare, the Hierotic Beast. Now let's open our metal raiders pack, Picanio Moth. Shall become powerful. Here we, oh, wait, wait, wait. Will this break our streak? A streak of bad. We've got the Mystic Lamp. Gazelle, the King of Mythical Beasts. Roaring Ocean Snake. Ring of Magnetism. Guilty on the D-Nite. Musician King. Crash Clown. Killer Needle and Magician of Faith. Musician of Faith is good, but where are our pulls? All right, Dark Neo Storm. It has been rough so far. It's been rough. I mean, I guess, well, Dark Neo Storm has not been rough. It's been pretty good, but the Legacy Packs have not paid off. Morshlag, Firewall, Guardian, Saruja. All takes is one big pull. We got a number five Doom Chimerra Dragon. Madolche Teacher has popped up several times. So far we've got one Ultra, four secrets. So five total Legacy Packs have been open. Not terrible. Let's see if we can get a few more Goki the Blade over Salt Mode. Mystic Mine is in here. I forgot, super quantum. White Layer. Yeah, there's some pretty expensive cards. The Mystic Mine's in here, and then Fusion. These Super Rares are just very valuable. Yeah, I know you guys love that card, the Mystic Mine. Onto the Dark Neo Storm. Unfortunately, it's kind of expensive, but it's not an Ultra Rare. So we will, the only one that qualifies for that is Fusion Destiny. So we have the Marge of Garzette, Firewall Exceed Dragon. I think Firewall Exceed Dragon is like really cheap, but it's way less than the Mystic Mine and it qualifies though. So it's perfect. Now we open Invasion of Chaos. Let's go. Oh, here we go. One, two, three, four. Ultra Insect Whistles back there. We've got the Sager of Crane. Molten Zombie. DNA Transplant. Fin Rear. Jade Insect Whistle. Tibious Burgoth. Multiplication of Ants. Pretty good. And here we're emerges. Okay, Mataus of the Zapper. Down to the last five packs. Can we pull? We haven't pulled Fusion Destiny yet. That's what I'm hoping for. We already have, I do already have three, but it's always nice to have extras. Dynar Wrestler. We've got the Goke of the Blade Ogre. My Akashi winner. I cannot say that. T.G. Halberd. And Yuki. Jaden Yuki. Is that him? All right, can we pull Deos? We've got the Phenic. Deligious Dragon. Mermail Abyss Lacea. Not Lancia. Okay, the Abyss Lacea. Cool. Ultra Rear. Next pack. We're going into Metal Raiders again. We're not switching it up this time because we want that Metal Raiders pack. Here we go. We have a Grave Keeper's Watcher from Ferani Guardian. That's really old then, cool. Let's go with the MRD pack. Give us the Pakenio Moth. Let's do this. We have, come on Pakenio Moth. That could be in any slot. That's how powerful it is. Illusion is faceless mage. He became a, we've got the Flame Cerberus. Swamp Battle Guard. Dragon, pepa. Soul release. Castle of Dark Illusion. Oh, and it finally got a foil. Suijin has made himself known. The Suijin, what a beautiful looking card. Finally, we got something out of those legacy packs. Okay. Let's go. Let's pull something else. We've got to draw a hand. Phenolag, Slid Dolphin. We've got the Neo Super Quantum Met King Blaster Magna. That's a long one extra here across Crusader. Lots of words on these cards. We've got a couple more packs. We only did 20. I feel like we should do 24. Maybe we'll add four more to make it a little bit more, you know, box-like. We got Phenic, Delidious Dragon. Ultra guys, Phenolag, and Dirge of the Lost Dragon. So we got, I got extremely lucky when I got those first Fusion Destinys. It did not take me many packs. We got really lucky because it's taken a lot longer here. All right, Puzzle Amino, the Drop and Deleter, Deos, X-Crawler. We've got the Sliddle Little Dolphin, the Orcus Crushendo, and I'm not even, my dragon's actually a good card. Dino Wrestler, very good. Let's do four more packs. This will make it like a booster box. I like this. I like this a little better. Let's do the four more. Let's see if we can get at least one more high rarity card. We've got the Cloudian Aerosol, the Crialtar, Morchlag, Firewall Guardian, and the Neo Super Quantum Met King Blaster Magna. Very nice. Danger of Feets of Strength. Okay. All right. We're looking, we're still looking. That's okay. We have the Morchlag, Crusadia Testament, Magical Musket. Ooh, and another No Material, another Secret Rare. Of the same one, that's five Secret Rears now. The No Material has made himself known. Ha, ha, ha. That was, yeah, that was bad. So now we get to open the IOC pack. You guys know I just wanted to open the IOC pack.  Also, the No Material, very cool. Let's see if we can actually pull something good. So far, we've just got a super out of the legacy pack. So we've got Chaos Greed, Torpedo Fish, Crimson Ninja, Tower of Babel, Deskengaru, Pinchopper, Blazing Impach, Ogani, and the Berserk Gorilla is added again. He's, ooh, ooh, he's, ah, ah. Let's go to Dark Neo Storm. Two more packs. We've got Surugus, Shackles, Fennec. Come on. Deliderous Dragon, Alter Guy's Phafina Lag. This is some crazy name. Cragna, like just the most wild names in this set. And Handy Gallop. Final pack of the opening. Unless we pull something high rarity, then we have another legacy pack to open. Let's see, can we end on something big? We have Dino Wrestler, and Cola Select. We've got the Goki the Blade Ogre, Deliderous Dragon. Oh, and a nightmare incarnation Idlee. Secret Rare, very, very cool. So we are opening another pack, guys. This is why it's cool. It's like that was the last pack, but now it's not because we're gonna open up another legacy pack. All right, one more of these. And this is what we're gonna do. If we pull a foil out of one of these legacy packs, we will open another legacy pack. And if we pull a foil out of there, we have another Protector with Eyes of Blue. That's really weird. If we pull another one, we just keep going. So we're gonna start with, let's do Invasion of Chaos, because if we don't get anything, you know, that we wanted to end on Invasion of Chaos. If we get a foil, we go to the Spell Ruler pack. Let's go. We have, wait, four Suspense. We have the Sill Feed, Crimson Ninja. Chaos End. We're poised. Guys, like this, like this video for luck. Come on. Multiplication of Ants. Cool. Gale Lazard. Oh, and a DD designator. It doesn't end because one DD designator loves me for some reason. If you guys didn't see yesterday's video, go check it out. DD designator popped up twice. And now we open another pack. All right, last pack. Unless we pull a foil, then we're opening up. Because on this one, all it takes is a Super Rare because they're not guaranteed. So let's go. I think you guys hit that like button for long. It seemed to work. Try it again if you guys did not. We got the Grig, we got the Luminous Spark. Chorus of Sanctuary. Electric Snock. We got the Rising Air Current. Commencement Dance. Red Archery Girl. And the Reliable Guardian and Cyber Jar. That's a pretty cool card. Okay, so pretty strong ending. We had a couple foils to keep us going. If you guys enjoyed this video, make sure to subscribe for more epic content out on the channel because it will be here. Shout out to T.C. Trust to Cards, Stonefo Show, Tomato Juice, Noa J, Stanley Might, Nance, Mimic Gekka, Duelist Game Cards, Banking McFarlane, G-Raider, and Daxter. Thank you guys for supporting the channel. I'll see you guys next time. Peace.


Today I will show you how to leverage AI and its ability to use machine learning algorithms to recognize speech to add live captions and subtitles to your PowerPoint presentations. This feature provides more accessibility to anyone you're reaching with your presentation. Offering this accommodation helps you communicate your mission with dignity and care to the communities your nonprofit serves. Step one, choose your preferred PowerPoint presentation then navigate to the main menu on the top and click Slideshow. Step two, once there click on Always Use Subtitles. You can always turn off this feature by following the same steps later on. Step three, now let's configure the language for subtitles. Click on Subtitle Settings and you will be able to choose the different languages depending on the language you're going to speak and the one you want to use for translation. For me, I will be speaking in English and I want PowerPoint to translate it to Spanish so I will select those languages. Step four, once you launch your presentation mode your translation or live captions will activate and it will be simultaneously as you speak. Look at my example. TechSoup is a nonprofit. You can choose from 10 class spoken languages and more than 60 subtitle languages. So you can present comfortably in your preferred language and your words will be automatically displayed in the language your audience is more familiar with.


So for those of you that didn't see last episode, which probably did, but if you didn't see last episode Let me let me show you an accurate representation of how that went First I walked in in a great mood in a great Second need a fanny pack. This will go well walk in in a great mood and I say hi EA Despite hating your guts I'm gonna play your game today and not only that but I'm gonna have some fun and EA said oh well Sure, why don't you first bend on over and we will proceed to That is what happened last game I got paired up with the biggest Cheeser the most obese biggest Sweater I played that guy on Madden so it wasn't fun to say the least and not only that but when I hit the loser's Wheel I lost my brand new 93 overall down in McNabb, and now we have a silver 68 overall power up Cam Newton and Saul I don't even know it we get totally screwed over and can't get a quarterback with our spins We can at least try to power up Cam Newton after the game if we can win So let's just hop into this puppy. I just want to have a quarterback back. This is giving me anxiety I hate the fact that there is a 68 overall sitting in there Yes, I can power it all the way up to a 90 overall But a has to replace whatever is already on my team So if I get a half back and it's a 90 overall half back it has to replace leaving on belt Even if I don't want to okay, so I'm doing a team wheel for this. I get a 90 overall I just need the team to have a good power up QB Texans to Sean Watson Texans to Sean Watson We got ourselves a new QB. They don't have a power up to Sean Watson There's no power up the Sean Watson there's no to Sean Watson which I am sad about but you know what there is is Judevian clowny And I wanted I've wanted this card for so long so I can power up clowny all the way to a 90 overall Oh, it's too bad that doesn't say 91 overall because clownies card is a 91 But I can't buy this get them really close to that 91 now that leaves us with one more wheel spin and like please I don't know what type of wheel spin this is gonna be but for love of God allow me to get a quarterback I cannot play with 68 Kim. I just can't do it. I get to choose a power up legend. However, I Don't get to power it up Which means we're kind of back to square one because I'm gonna have to have a shitty QB in for this episode No lie all these legends are so cheeks like I don't care about any of these Lawrence Taylor Okay, I'm doing Lawrence Taylor. That is such a good card.  So for now, I'm gonna play Lawrence Taylor out of position but We'll see how that goes down the line. All right, and that leaves us with the challenge wheel Which we're already basically doing a challenge with my 68 overall QB, but okay, this one's fun It's a hat trick. This one's called hat trick rush touchdown passing touchdown and a field goals We got a score in every way possible. I think we can do this I gotta have a better outlook last game was an anomaly. We it was bad, but whatever it happens real quick though Today's video is sponsored by seat geek seat geek is hands down the best way to get tickets for anything NFL MLB concert tickets you name it. They have it right on the app They actually compare prices of all the seats around you so you know exactly when you're getting a good deal I could personally attest.  Oh my god I think I'm gonna puke.    Oh wow. What are the odds? He runs it with Lamar Jackson. You can take your field goal. Take your field goal So only points you're getting this whole game is the only time you're getting on that half is because of that kicker turn So take your points. Oh, oh my god.   You can't You can't pull a me on me. We need a rushing touchdown a passing touchdown in a field goal And our week suit is Cam Newton right now and I guess our run game is our also our week suit We have two week suits. All right. We got a little late blitz there Calvin Johnson over the middle. Oh my god I forgot who my quarterback was 68 overall cam Newton. Of course. He can't make that throw. What am I doing? What is wrong with me guys? What is wrong with me? Okay? He's in the same defense So I'm just gonna throw this to Calvin Johnson again, but I just had to be more ready for it. Yes Passing touchdown. There it is. I'm gonna I'm gonna show both See you Thank you, Cam Newton. Maybe we get weird with it. Oh, of course. I'm doing the fake. Oh this guy read the scouting report I'm proud of you No Okay, good boy. All right, so we have our passing touchdown. We need a rushing touchdown in a field goal So, let's see if we can get some ground game going here.  We're gonna go with the exact same place if we can get some better blocks this time What is going on? Why am I getting stuck on my line? Hit the hole for that for that rushing touchdown. Oh, oh Big cam Newton Okay, I'll get my field goal here then Let's take my field goal fourth and eight We now have our field goal and now we just need a rushing touchdown We're in business Wheel of mud is a Wheel of mud is a bizarre game guys.  So as of right now I am spinning for the rage quit spin and Give me a quarterback out of this. Oh 2000 coins per kill on domination. Oh, that's actually like not fair Because this game has EKIA which counts assists. Okay, so I'm gonna tweak this a little bit since we can't really do kills So we're sure pretend it said EKIA. Yeah, I'm using the SG 12. I'm such a I love it. I love this guy How are we getting spawn trapped already? There's three there's four.  There's six. I'm about to get killed I'm 100% dead. Yeah, I knew it Shit. All right, we're actually kind of ripping right now So what if I get 50 EKIA, I would have a hundred thousand coins to spend on one player. That's how that would work So we're in business You're dead thought Get out of them. Come on Where are the rest of you? They're about to be at B. They're coming across here right now. Yep There it is We'll get them buddy. It worked. It was a distraction This started out so strong and now it's not ending so strong. Okay 33 kills 33 well not really 33 EKIA So 66,000 coins one player and that's all just for our rage quit.  So if you're familiar wheel of mud if we get a rage quit really really early I'm not gonna leave you guys off with just that amount of gameplay So we're gonna play another one, but it's not gonna count as a full one. So instead of doing two spins I'm just gonna do one spin my wheels spit I want a quarterback, but I also just wasted my 66,000 coins. So it's my if I don't get a quarterback It's totally my fault mud draft Random round. Okay, so I could get a quarterback if if there's a quarterback on the round Then I get a quarterback, but otherwise I'm stuck with cam Newton still which is actually really comical Maybe this is the universe telling me that I need to have Cam Newton because I got I'm doing this randomly, right? So I'm just gonna have alexa do this Okay, so whatever alexa picks I could take one player from that round alexa pick a number one through 20 Here's a number between one and 20 It's four that actually could have the quarterbacks on it Damn, what are the odds that alexa got the round with the quarterbacks? Okay So alexa picked round four I get one player round four. Please don't be the quarterback round So it's not the quarterbacks yet as long as it's not the quarterbacks yet not the quarterbacks yet Not the quarterback. Oh my god.   So so it's either eric baron levante david We need a linebacker. So we're going with levante david Right. We need a linebacker. Don't we? No, I have lords tailor. I'm gonna take levante david quick sell him And then I'll use that to upgrade lords Especially the same thing three top three. Let's see what he's got scurilla Let's give me a long one boys. Oh right there.  All right pa crossers again. Oh my god. That's there touch That's literally a touchdown Oh my god, that's so frustrating to look at my matt stafford. I should have never gotten rid of my matt stafford I'm such a goof I'm throwing it one more time one final time cam. He makes the throw good. Shit my boy 68 overall cam 68 overall cam Goes for eight yards. That's actually respectable. All right. We're gonna do the exact same thing and that's how I'm gonna get this touchdown I'm gonna send one right across his face so he goes for it Yup, yup, we're in cam newton dives in for the touchdown Let's go In my last like three times. I've tried this it has not worked. So let's see if we can switch that up Stafford throws to jake elliot who throws to greg olson Who finally completes it? You know what that deserves No, come back I don't even know where it is now. Uh, you want to throw here? Oh, it's a slip screen. I didn't even notice that But hey Third and two. Oh wait. No, he's running this ball.  Oh, we got it. We got it.  I love you. I love jimmy clown. He's so much. I'm so happy. Yes All right, he took his points eight to three Oh, he dropped back a little bit. I see you getting cheeky with it, but I'll throw to greg olson I Shouldn't have bought a full back. Definitely a pass play. He's definitely gonna use this whole clock Hit this guy Oh slip screen again Dude, he's getting cheeky with that. Oh my god. All right. He got a touchdown.  Let this clock run Oh, damn. I didn't get that. Did I nope? I'll just take my field goal actually Yeah, let him to ten. All right, we're just gonna throw we're gonna actually play defense now Cover the routes we're supposed to cover and we're not gonna we're just not gonna I guess I am not sending the blitz I'm looking like I'm sending it and not sending it.  There's the slip screen. He's right up before I find myself just staring at the screen saying what the Once about every play Oh, I was just covering that Uh, this is so frustrating.  Or calvin johnson on touchdown here Calvin johnson touchdown. Oh my god cam newton.  No, what are you doing? Cam newton, I have never Ever hate it. So where's that ball to throw it over their heads to the guy going up the field?  This is so pointless. Okay.  Um That was the second half So I don't I have to downgrade the Lawrence Taylor that I upgraded But there's no losers wheel because it's not technically like an episode That's not technically a spin And we definitely lost our challenge wheel. We need a quarterback next episode. I'm getting into quarterback 100% I'll probably eventually want to get a new hat back too, but For now, I'm just so I just should have shut my xbox off.


Maybe we should just give each of the centres a minute or two just to respond to John's hands and then we'll take questions from the floor. May I have one, please? It's on, yeah. Thank you, John, and I think you had a very challenging task of trying to connect three, as you said, very different presentations. And I think you did extremely well trying to pull out some of the points that I should have emphasised more perhaps as well. So just to... I agree that the characteristics of the firm owners or the characteristics of the firms in general is something that I didn't bring out due to time constraints. And I think indeed there's something there in terms of how labour relations play out or in this case unionisation. And as you hinted at, it is indeed the case that female-owned firms are more likely to have workers that are unionised. As we also know from the literature that female-owned firms tend to be more generous in terms of provisions of social security and so on. So there is a... And it's in the paper actually, but I didn't sort of highlight that bit. So also in terms of the kinds of companies, we see that limited liability companies also this... In the survey we have a bundle of collectives, sort of enterprises, and they are also positively correlated with union membership. Of course they don't have enterprises. I didn't talk so much about them because they're not actually part of the sample, but their union membership is very high, but that is changing a lot with what's going on in Vietnam. So indeed I think it's important for the analysis to actually go more into depth to see what are the correlations within the firm because they vary a lot and how they are set up. So that was my short answer to that. I wanted to pick up on one point that you were talking about is the link to Nina's paper and this on labour markets and regulations. I think there are many aspects to this. One of the things that South Africa is a high wage economy and in a way it will be for a while because of very structural features, very high dependency ratio given the very high unemployment means that the reservation wages of workers are relatively high as well. Secondly, their location is generally given South Africa's history of development and where people were located. Transport costs and access to the workplaces tend to be very high as well. These impose quite high impediments to lowering wages. But your point about the extent to which then labour legislation compounds some of those factors I think is a very interesting one and an important one and the number of dimensions. So South Africa as we know it has a collective bargaining system but it also has wage extensions so very different from Vietnam whereas the wage agreed by the unions in the collective bargaining process is extended to non-participants that are not participating in the bargaining. And the one argument is if we look at these bargaining councils who do they comprise of? They comprise of relatively large capital-intensive efficient firms. And if you look at one of the arguments that these firms make about not extending the wage agreements, one of the key arguments they make is that those firms if they don't apply the wages, they're out-competed. So to some extent it seems that those bargaining councils become a form of to exclude more efficient or rather exclude smaller lower-wage industries or firms from entering into the particular market. So there's an interest and that's an argument that has been made Nicolae and Atrus and so on for example argued. And that in a way I think talks to a big issue about why we don't see firms and manufacturing firms entering into manufacturing because to some extent the institutional, the system is biased against them. They can't enter on the basis of low wages and small size. So they don't enter. I think compounding that, linking that is also it's not only the labour market and maybe just the, we also just look at the market structure and maybe this is an outcome related to this story as well is what we, from the firm data itself it seems that South African industries are very concentrated in manufacturing as well as we have high levels of concentration. So suggests that there are also barriers from the market structure from the output side there are some barriers to entry of smaller firms as well. So on top of that I'm going to add in the third capacity constraint is we have a big government. So we have a big unions, we've got big firms. Then we've got big government and big government controls, fixed line telecommunication, rail transportation, ports and airline. So they control some of the key non-traded input costs that are critical to make South African exporters competitive. And so when we look at some of the data what we see is the structure of pricing for example on transports are that the price for bulk goods tends to be low the price for manufactured goods is high or containers. Same with ports, the price of containers is three times the world average the price of port charges for bulk goods tends to be on average competitive with the international market. So to some extent actually big government itself is adding to some of these non-traded input costs in addition just to the non-traded labor costs as well. Thanks. Thank you. Jerusalem didn't have a comment to John but I have a question for Jerusalem before I open the floor because I did some work myself on the barriers to access to credit divided by gender. And basically we found a very very surprising result that existing firms in Africa we cannot find discrimination against women in terms of access to credit. We cannot find discrimination against women in terms of access to management consulting and we also found other issues where we cannot find significant differences between male and female owned firms. So my question is those women that are able to break the glass ceiling to actually become enterprise owners are maybe not the problem. So a lot of the slides you showed were existing firms I'm more concerned about women being able to become entrepreneurs to actually being able to open the business because the women that are able to open the business today they are actually very very strong maybe even more productive than some of the males and more skilled because otherwise they wouldn't be able to break the glass ceiling. So my question is the figures you had are they relevant for the discussion about gender biases? I actually had one slide on access to credit which is showing that women seem to have higher access to credit while at the same time they report that they have a binding constraint on getting credit. But you would have to give me on some context of which African country that you have studied in terms of breaking into the glass ceiling. Basically my thinking on this support for women entrepreneurs is to look at the exit of women be it from entrepreneurship or productive labour market and think that what can we invest on to avoid women's exit from the formal setting labour market or business entry. So those who have made it in terms of breaking the glass ceiling maybe they do have some characteristic to excel in this environment regardless of not discrimination but some differential difficulty of getting access to credit or access to management consulting that you mentioned but I would have to try really harder that your result on no differential access to many of the key business inputs in Africa. It seems that many people are flagging against that. But I really want to engage also the audience in terms of how we can avoid women's exit from this labour market or entrepreneurship what are the institutions or what should be in place on the ground to avoid exit or also to encourage entry of a lot more women entrepreneurs. Thank you very much to all the presenters. My name is Paddy Carter. I'm from the British Development Finance Institutions CDC and we are hugely interested in anything which is both good for welfare and good for the financial performance firms because we want to send our ENS teams into our investees and persuade them to adopt these practices. So anything that this is a bit of a sales pitch anybody that's got any research or ideas about evidence around decent work making your firm more of a friendly environment for women and how that affects financial performance we're trivially interested in that. So in exchange for that sales pitch I'm going to trade one simple question which is to Nina which is do you have data on firm profits in your data set and could you see whether those higher wages are translated to lower profits? George. George, University of Ghana. On Jerusalem's question about entry or why there are barriers to women entry. I mean I did some work for Danida in northern Ghana where there are the witches camp and women that excel and become rich tend to be considered as witches or if someone died mysteriously then you were considered a witch so you were moved. So societal norms and family structure or family based issues and that's one of the things I was going to ask maybe John Page and I have the time now from the earlier part of session 1.1 and the other one the key thing is what is the role of the family because qualitative data that some of my colleagues in the business who have done show that women start the enterprises whereas their husbands are informal employment and as the business grows and becomes profitable the women become more of operations managers and then the men take over so you are finding some switching in there. So how are the family dynamics and that may be a question broadly to all of us in here because why aren't African enterprises going for instance? You have families where they start businesses and when the first generation is exiting there is a fight. So the business never transitions to that next stage so maybe that family conditions or societal norms may be also playing out so maybe I don't know if you have some comments but that will be my answer to you also. Thank you. Knuton from the Novation Aid Agency in Ural. I used to work for the trade union so this was really nice to listen to about the big differences when it comes to union activity but where I come from the wages are mainly set through collective negotiations in the export sector and the unions and the government enforce the same wages across the economy and then you have a very high level of coordination and that is probably necessary when you have strong unions without they will be too strong to promote the interests at their local and sectoral interests. But I have a question regarding South Africa. It has been a decline in savings in South Africa both in the private sector and in the government and also there are problems in the electricity sector with the big deficits and load shedding. What kind of consequences do these things have on the industry in the country? And we will take actually two more and then we will finish. Okay, so thank you to the three presenters and the discussant, interesting conversations. So I have two sort of short questions. So the first is Lawrence. So you mentioned that when you look at the variety of imports you find that imports from more advanced economies tend to have a greater or larger productivity impacts. I'm sort of just trying to understand whether how do you sort of make the comparisons? Are these the same firms importing from different types of sets of countries or are these different firms imported from different countries? I just wanted to get a sense. And the second one is which also sort of struck me is you mentioned that firms that export, so probably I'm not quoting you verbatim, but firms that export to sort of more demanding markets are not the same ones exporting, are not actually exporting to the region and those who are exporting to within the region they actually not, their productivity is rather low. So I'm just curious, I don't know if you have sort of thought about this in terms of, those firms obviously if they were to export maybe they are producing different commodities but if they were to export in the region I would think that they would actually do much better because obviously I think it's probably the margins exporting to the region probably the margins are actually higher than exporting in very competitive markets. So I'm curious as to why they are not actually exporting in the region, yeah. My name is Shumail Stenao. I also come from Ethiopia and really thank you very much for your presentation. Now following the presentation of professor or doctor, Jerusalem, let me give a very good example about women's entrepreneurship in Tanzania. I have conducted several research studies in Tanzania and one of it was about women cooperative dairy. Now these women actually started that as informal groups, first of all. Then by using the cooperative principles strictly then they formalized them service as co-operators and they formed a cooperative dairy which is administered and managed by themselves. And when I made that study in that area it reminded of my own area in the northwestern part of Ethiopia. In Ethiopia we have quite many informal types of cooperation in several sectors. So women, according to my observation in Kalali region in Kilimanjaro area are able actually to start their own entrepreneurship first as informal groups and then formalize them, I mean formalize entrepreneurship through formal cooperatives. I think this is one important thing that can be learned from that kind of activity. Perhaps that can be also transferred in a country like Ethiopia. Thank you very much. Thank you for the comments. I'll start responding to your comment which I think was the only one actually directly related to my paper. So do the higher wages that we see lead to lower profits, right? That was the point. Yes, there is data on profits in this survey and John has worked on that so maybe he can also add something. But in this case I didn't look specifically at what this means for profits partly because when sort of narrowing down to the number of firms it's 300 only. In this case because the focus is the worker so obviously there wouldn't be so much you could say the profit if divided or calculated per worker there would be maybe not enough variation to say anything about it. But I've done some other work also in the case of Vietnam on larger data sets of firms where we find that firms that contribute to social security which in the case of Vietnam is linked directly to the wages. So there's some link there. It doesn't necessarily decrease the fact that they start to increase their contributions to social security, health insurance, pensions, contributions and so on. There we don't find lower productivity per worker or profit per worker. So yeah, I mean my response would be I can't say anything about a sort of definite causal effect but we don't see an association to lower profits and the kind of reasoning or intuition behind it is that these firms are able to attract more qualified workers more motivated and so on because of their sort of willingness to pay social contributions indirectly meaning higher wages. And that kind of then links back to this data set where we see that actually the firms that tend to have higher share of union members are also the firms with a higher professional share of the workforce. So again, it seems to be that these are firms that are by nature more productive and profitable and therefore not necessarily losing out by paying the higher wages. So let me deal with the electricity. So in effect the blackouts or the allocation of electricity have been resolved not through production but basically as the economy has declined and demand for electricity has fallen below capacity but there are new electricity plants coming online. I think the key issue really is about the price and so what we've seen in the last couple of years is phenomenal increases in prices. So South Africa has moved from an economy which had exceptionally low electricity prices to one in which we have recently, I think, very high but they sort of average to upper electricity prices. And I think that fundamentally does alter our major source of comparative advantage. So a big story about South Africa's industrial development is the so-called mineral energy complex relationship where exceptionally low energy prices facilitated the emergence of processing of metals. So our largest manufactured export is essentially processed basic metals, iron and steel and some of the other nonferrous metal products as well and that arose off the back of very low electricity prices. So what we're seeing now is with these rising electricity prices that these industries are taking particular knocks which has then been compounded by declining global demand for these particular products. So I think there's enormous challenges there. So I think we're going to see big changes in the composition of our exports but we're also seeing remarkable changes in the efficiency of use of electricity production because the prices have raised. So I think there are... Just on terms of the savings, we have seen declining savings and declining government and governments playing a role in the savings. There's actually an interesting story about that is that the extent to which this dissaving drives up the value of the real exchange rate. So we're having very low private savings, we're having very low savings of a government and there's no savings. And to what extent does this drive up the meaning of the prices particularly some of the prices of non-traded inputs itself which then affects the real exchange rate because what we've also struggled with is reasonably strong real exchange rate over the period. Some of that's commodity boom and so on but that's not really my area of expertise. But on the productivity essentially we try a different measure as we categorise firms whether they're predominantly a high importer from high-income countries or predominantly importer from low-income countries because we see as firms tend to import from both. Some only import some but in most cases they import from both regions. We then also tried the results presented here we were just looking at the variation, the varieties from high-income and then the varieties from low-income or other countries as I indicated. And effectively we're looking within firm changes of the time. So we're firm fixed effects so we ultimately try to capture the variation and the changes in that relationship over time within a firm and how that correlates with changes in productivity or export. We don't actually find there's a significant difference between in terms of productivity in that relationship. There's some evidence that it may influence there's some evidence that importing varieties from high-income rising import varieties from high-income is associated with stronger export performance particularly in terms of destinations and products. But I'm cautious about saying that it's too strong an indicator of technology transfer through that A because the measure is a proxy for technology transfer and B in some cases the coefficients are not actually significantly different. So I'd say it's more suggestive of technology transfer and it's linked to exporting but not productivity. We don't find any significant difference. Thank you for your suggestion first. So two points were raised. One on societal norms in family dynamics how does that play on enterprise performance and the other was on cooperatives. So my thinking is in terms of addressing the specific needs of women entrepreneurs is to think about the question on whether they have a different binding constraint than men. I can point on two at least. One I have already discussed on skills maybe they have different set of skills and the other one is on time constraint. We don't often consider time as input directly but maybe women have a different set of... that's maybe one of the binding constraint when it comes to the nature of the owner of the enterprise and then that's where I would put the family dynamics on depending on whether the owner is differently constrained on time. I do have one study on Ethiopia showing that the share of time entrepreneurs spend on their enterprise matters for their performance so maybe the differential impact on business performance comes out of the time constraint they have as a person overall. That also reflects on the division of labor at home and whether they have access to formal or informal set of childcare. Thank you for bringing the cooperatives idea in one. So maybe I would speak to you later on but I am not aware of how the cooperatives what kind of binding constraint they address by women becoming part of these cooperatives but I can take this one on one later. And I will close it now even though George had a question. I think you can take that afterwards. Because we are over time one minute so sorry about that and hopefully I will see a lot of you for the day. Thank you.


What was the key? Trust in the process, buying into what Mike Rable wants us to be and the style of football he wants to have on the team. What did you get out of today? Good competition, going against guys that we don't see that much. Being able to go against good offense and we had good competes today. I mean, is that really important to go play other players just to see different things and have to react? Yeah, definitely. Different looks, different competition, different personnel as well. So that's something that we want to work on. It was a little bit windy, but you can probably look at this a cool day compared to the day we see you. Now, this is a nice day. It's beautiful. It's like golfing weather right now, for sure. How's your defense evolving right now? You like what you're seeing. What do you got for him? I love what we're seeing. We got guys up front that are getting after it. We got a good linebacker crew that communicate in the back end. You know, we're all on the same page. Guys are just competing and we're just playing ball right now. Good to see you. Thank you so much. My family was here to watch me play. My nephew and nieces were here. So it's awesome. I can't beat it. You know, something like this. I know it's a business trip, but does it give perspective on how far you've come and you can be at the professional ranks and your hometown? Yeah, definitely. I mean, for me, it's coming back here. I'm on a different team, but this is the dream that I've always wanted since I was little and being able to come back and when I was younger, I used to go to Vikings camps every once in a while. So being able to have my family come watch me practice is pretty sweet. Down in Mankato. Yeah, down in Mankato, actually. What do you remember about those days? I just remember seeing it was, I forgot. I think it was Darren Sharpe was on the team at the time. But yeah, he was a safety. But I just remember just being there in a similar field, but guys looked much bigger back then than they do now.  So we just got to be ready to start out faster and not wait a period or two to really get going, you know? I know Aziz had one early and then you had your pick and Roger, I mean, how good to get the three turnovers and how much fun is that when you're making plays out here? I mean, turnovers is what wins the ball games in the league and especially we can get them in two minutes. That's what seals the game and allows you to get the win. So anytime we can get the, whether it's a hammer, getting the ball out or an interception, you see the sideline go crazy and that's our goal on defense. You know, the only thing better than a three and out or a four down stop is a pick to get the ball, pick or turn over to the offense and go score points for us or in the game. How good of a test are they for you guys to work with a couple of days? One more time? How good of a test are they for you guys to work against?  Anytime you get to go against somebody fresh for camp, it's always fun and gives you another boost of energy and it allows you to really see where you're at halfway through camp so you can know what your weaknesses are and what your strengths are heading into the last two weeks of camp to clean them up before we get into the real thing. What's it like throwing in the wind? That's cool, it's strong, you know. Not difficult, more difficult at all? I mean, when you're in the wind, you gotta throw it a little bit harder. When you're not with the wind, you can take a little bit off of it just understanding that it's the same. Thank you, man. You're welcome. How was it going against those? Opposite defense, it's hot and real today. Oh, it was fun. Yeah. Is that it? Yeah. Just how have you kind of taken the stage step this off season? From afar it seemed like, you know, you had a really different quarterback from I imagine day to day. I mean, I know the plays now. That's the biggest difference, literally.  Like, no, I just needed to learn the offense and now we got new offense. I'm speaking the same language and it's just gonna be reps at this point. I think it was cool. Yeah, it was cool.


So with the season coming to a close, and some players really needing some massive points to end the season and maybe qualify for the ADB finals, we've got two big events next week, one in Vienna, which is an ADB 500 event.  So only a couple of players are pulled out of this one, Baratini, he's pulled out, Grinja Buster, and Chorich have all pulled out with injuries. So not too many contenders there, of course Baratini at his best could be a contender, but these guys have been injured for a while, and we might not see them for the rest of the year. So let's start at the top of the draw, we've got eight seeds in this one, and nobody gets a buy in the first round. Mevedev, the number one seed, he takes on Feast in the first round, winner of that will take on either Demetrov or Museti in the second round. So already a crazy start to this tournament. Then you've got Wolf versus Lehechko, winner of that takes on either Sefulan, or the number eight seed Hashinov in the second round. So an interesting little section here, and the amount of unseeded players that are so scary, I mean Demetrov, he's been in some good form lately, just beat Elkraz in Shanghai, Sefulan also been in some form. Same with Lehechko, so it's been a really fun time for those guys, but also Feast in the first round for Medi, that's crazy because Feast is playing well this week. Next part of the draw, you've got one of the craziest first rounds. Number four seed, Sizi Bas, taking on Dominic Teem in the first round. I mean that's just, that's just cruel, I mean that's not fair. It's great for us though, if you're a tennis fan, but not great for those guys. Winner of that will take on either Vukic or a qualifier in the second round. Then you've got Carrots have taken on Goyo, winner of that will take on either another qualifier, or the number six seed Paul in the second round. And Carrots have just played well last week in Tokyo, so he's gonna have a quick turnaround coming over to Europe after playing well there. But of course, Sizi Bas team, that is the first round match of this section. Maybe keep an eye out for Tommy Paul in this section, especially if team does get the upset against Steff. Next section of the draw now, you've got Zverev, the number five seed taken on Ovner. Winner of that will take on either Nori or a qualifier in the second round. Then you've got another qualifier taken on Alnoudi. Winner of that will take on either Poprin, or the number three seed Rublev in the second round. Poprin's been in form, Rublev trying to qualify for the ADB finals. Zverev is also in that same boat with Rublev, and Ovner's been in form. So, this section could be really wild, especially because recently Zverev has not been good. There's guys like Nori and Alnoudi as well, very dangerous unseeded players. Then the bottom section of the draw, which might be the craziest section. Starting with the number seven seed Tiafo, taken on Evans. Winner of that will take on either Mom Feast, or Altmayer in the second round. Then you've got McDonald taken on Serundalo. Winner of that will take on either Ben Shelton, or the number two seed Sinner. They just played in Shanghai, it was an epic. I mean, that match is almost as exciting as Team versus Sidney Pass in the first round. They've got Serundalo, Mom Feast both unseeded, very dangerous. McDonald can beat anybody, so can Evans. So, this section is really wild, and could really produce some crazy results. Of course, Sinner has qualified for the ADB finals, but Tiafo, still in the hunt, even Shelton after a good week in Tokyo.  So, there it is, a crazy tournament in Vienna. Of course, Basel is also happening at the same time with the rest of the top 10, except for Djokovic and Elkres playing in that one. So, a lot of players playing, and of course, there's only four spots up for grabs for the ADB finals. A lot of these guys playing this week are playing for those final spots. But who's going to win the event? You tell me, because Mevidence played well here in the past. Sinner, here's a tough first round. Possibly the toughest road out of the top four seeds. Maybe Rublev can go one better than he did at Shanghai. Of course, he nearly did win Shanghai a couple of weeks ago, but it's going to be a crazy tournament. A lot of players trying to play for those final spots at the ADB finals.


We're joined now by the UFC's Light Heavyweight and Heavyweight Champion, Daniel Corvier. Welcome, man. Thank you guys so much, man. I'm excited. The people love a champ, man. They love the champ when you walk around those two belts on your shoulders. And this Saturday, just down the street from here, you're going to fight at Madison Square Garden against Derek Lewis. Titles on the line. First time at the Garden. Yes. So what can we look out for? Man, look out for a big explosive fight. This is a guy with massive knockout power. But I am the pound for pound number one fighter in the world for a reason. And I intend to keep my title on Saturday night. We believe it. I do. Yes. Just wear him down. He's a big man. I'm a big man. I'm a big man. Let's, Brad Brash, I'll wear this down every day. Call me Terry. Terry wears this. Well, hopefully there are two things you get to do on Sunday. One is celebrate defending your title. Yes. And two, you're saying against the Rams, hopefully celebrating those guys beating the Rams. Do you think that they're the team that could finally knock the Rams off the scene? I mean, the Rams look like a creative team from these video games at this point. But the New Orleans Saints with Drew Brees, the greatest quarterback of all time. No, no, no, no, no, no, no. Drew Brees, the greatest quarterback of all time to beat from Louisiana. The greatest to be and live in Louisiana of all time. Drew Brees will lead the Saints past the Rams and become the power house. He's the greatest six footer of all time. I'll take this. I'll take this side with the short guy. All I got to say, if he decides to jump on you, I'm not getting in the middle of it. You don't have me out. How are we not going to watch? I have not stretched. But what do you think about the Rams, though, Harry? The Rams now with Dante Falve, they've got seven first round picks on defense. Four first round picks on the defensive front. To me, that's the matchup of the day. They can match up with them offensively easy. Peyton is a master of that. Both Peyton's actually in both sides of the football. It's going to be a great offensive game. Let's go Saints. Hey, Daniel, thank you for being here, man. Good luck on Saturday, USC 230. Good luck. The Pre-Five Show starts on FS1 at 7 p.m.


Okay, well first of all very quick introduction as you already know my name is Chris King. I am one of the PhD students at the University of Birmingham, John Carmon is my supervisor and one of my colleagues in the form of Phil Today within my within this presentation I hope to show you a little bit of the study I've been doing into battlefield landscapes and the relative significance of battlefield landscape features to give an armies, but also hopefully trying to broach the Excuse me the broach the theory so the theoretical idea that we should be looking at the distinct approaches to the utilization or not Utilization of given landscape features within battlefields So first of all How do I decide how does one decide to look at which at what features the latin conflict landscape? And we know from this point has been extensive That's as an answer to features across different battlefields different time periods This is from a military history point of view a complex archaeology point of view military theory point of view all of these different points of Views effect to become forward to gather themes about how one either should or how what how we think people used a landscape when it came to battlefields and these These what we've got these all together and actually these can then be analyzed compared to the The information in the archaeological record and compare to other sources as well This Currently for what I've been not only from this conference bill from my other contacts as well as there is an increasing Interest in analysis across sites are applying theoretical models just not not so single sites Not to single battlefields, but to battlefields within whole given time periods using armies of armies of a similar type and effective this this I feel would be is a vital step within conflict archaeology to be expected to expand our horizons effectively As I said this presentation does illustrate finding from my own research. I should be handing in pretty soon. That's the aim and As I've been always well this does it my reasons focus on how military forces in the past interact with the landscape around them with specific focus on Anything interesting unusual not logical or strange in terms of why or how they use the landscape So how do you set the features so a landscape feature as far as my concern within my own study? I've split into two different types of feature you have physical or natural features in the form of rivers hills forests And then you have anthropogenic ones once I've been made by humans settlements roads religious buildings Actually the built landscape any one of these I found within my own existing research Any of these can have an effect on where the battlefield happens within the landscape However, as far as I'm concerned the from what my own research has suggested these are not necessarily universally applied and these are not necessarily universally Utilized either just because there happens to be a river and a hill and a forest does not mean that you're going to use all of them equally and all any of them in fact and Very very very brief outline of the tool sets. I'm using geographic and mesh systems GIS I'm sure a lot of people in this room are relatively familiar but to keep everyone on the same page I'm using it as a tool for highlighting the spatial relationship between the battlefield and the landscape features So effectively highlighting features within the landscape and therefore you can do Spatial analysis on these features once they've been identified. How far are you from a given feature? Can you see a given feature? Can you see a feature from another feature? Any anything like that can be done within the joy of space? It's done by layering Data on top of the other want all the data on top of each other effectively contextualizing data with additional data to make to answer to answer questions And again, what just said right What I did what I did within my study effective is I highlight the situations where a landscape feature is a prominent part of the Battlefield and the reason I did this of course is to try and isolate the situations where it's more likely a landscape feature is going to be utilised so therefore means that we can analyze use me You can better analyze How a force or how a how a group of forces react to a landscape feature if you know that there's a prominent landscape feature on that That looks like so in this case with extreme spatial relationship Either you're particularly close or you're particularly far from a given landscape feature and this also means that once this once this Has been to what all these landscapes have been selected I can then compare this relationship across different time periods using different battles as I was using different Yeah, different battles different groups of people as well and these individual examples come together to form case studies I will make at this point that the case studies You're about to see are also based on low resolution results from across all of the area of modern England and Wales as well so I haven't just been doing this during my PhD and It's a she's analyzed special issues are highlighted by the previous themes in in archaeology in military history in military theory and so on and In addition, I do actually visit these battlefields as well So there's a lot of confused looks in the audience. So don't worry. I do actually go to these places but the the reason why I do this it's to Inform the data-led analysis with my own observations on the landscape And I think that's quite an important part to actually understand If you're trying to see from the point of view of those people who are fighting in the landscape Utilizing the landscape try and see it from their own point of view. So the for your For the purposes of this the lack the selected landscape feature of chosen is from my research is a river I'm choosing the ones that are incredibly close to rivers And the two case studies I'm choosing is one which is the battle of Blaw Heath Which is from the walls of the roses when England is about the 15th century and the other one is from the Civil war or to call it's probably in the four of the three kingdoms In the 17th century So very so to go through these ones as an example Hopefully give an idea of how I look at these battlefields and How the differences of how people approach landscape features is quite an important factor to be looking at within battlefield analysis. So I Said well poses the Lancasterians ie the red ones No guys there they arrived first they set up first They waited for a good couple of hours. Well, these while these guys arrived. These are the Yorkists another faction within the war The river is this feature here down the center. It's quite steep sided It's very prominent part of the battlefield. The Lancashions were forced across the river as part of the battle and the Lancaster is lost That's the important part to point out at this point So from my own research from the spatial analysis, what does it what does it suggest? First of all the both armies have been visible to each other incidentally I do have all the slides showing all these bits of data. I don't want to bore you silly So if you really want to see it later, I can show you all these bits are all these bits of data I have with me now So both armies definitely be visible to each other The river area is incredibly steep. This is taken not only from the giant experience But also from my own experience of actually visiting the battlefield. It wouldn't be easy to cross by any stretch to the imagination The modern road makes it considerably easier to cross this across this river feature, but there wasn't necessarily that time While the entire area does slope towards the river It is noticeably flatter both from being there and within the GIS analysis Well that it's flattened the surround of the area that surrounds the battlefield as well also the missile weapons as we can tell from usable both sides if we Based them on the on the positions as shown in the map previously the range of the missile weapons barely reaches the river and Also, they didn't think about shooting it over the river either And also that the armies did not nearly take up a large amount of space based on the currently estimated numbers and using my own analysis of estimating size within the battlefield area as well Definitely affected the movement through the battles for the battlefield, right? So in terms of utilization of the landscape feature and the interaction directly with it The initial force Lancashion seemed to move to the river as defensive boundary initially However, they were aiming to pursue the Yorkists So they effectively hobbled themselves by turning up and standing on one side of the river They sat there and let Yorkists set up the Yorkists We're setting up for at least an hour for us I would tell from the eye witness reports and from there and from other secondary source material as well So they didn't cross the river that you left them to fortify their position They left them to set everything up and effectively what the Lancashions did by if they selected that landscape feature They gave the benefit to their enemy Also, the Yorkists didn't bother using any missile weapons that because we know they had access to primitive artillery and Arrows lots of them. They didn't use them at all until the Lancashions were already crossing the river So we can definitely say that there was extreme relationship There's a lot of this feature had extreme relationship with a battlefield was utilized by one or more of the forces Definitely, however, the means at which it was utilized. I Cannot I would definitely say at this point. It's not necessarily a logical way. There's no That is there's nothing but there's nothing in all the research I've seen there's nothing to suggest that one would turn up to a battlefield put yourself on the other side of the river And then so oh Oh, we have to jump over the river to chase our enemy. So there's no there's no logic there That's all this of course may partially worse by the insistence of the Lancashions use cavalry to attack across the river first Yes, I've been there cavalry would not like that river Also demonstrate as far as I can send the importance of analyzing the battle from the perspective of those who fought There must have been a reason why this was why this seemed like the right idea at the time or Maybe no one thought about it at all. Maybe this was just there on the other side. They're just over there Well, ignore the river is no it was no obstacle to us either way This is a vital part that you have to consider when looking at battlefields going to my other Is our battle of Langport this is from the Civil War the war of the three kingdoms royalists this force here Arrived first and fortified the river the parliamentarians the significantly larger blob arrived second And the river the river as you see runs through the center of the center of the battlefield Parliamentary has tapped across the river and the parliamentarians won What can my research say about this? Again, both eyes were visible the river area is accessible across most of its length. It's not very steep So anyone could have jumped across the river and also the range weapons could easily a fire across the river However, the majority of weapons could only hit from the starting positions The space the answer is very large only just fitting inside the registered battlefield area suggested by the battlefield trust that historic england There we go Oh apparently that's all my research says which is wrong Well, what the rest what the rest of the slide would say is that the is effectively that even though Yes, well I can go with this one even though they seem to do the was a defensive boundary initially Despite having large amounts artillery on both sides and we know the parliamentarians definitely had an advantage of artillery because they were able to fire on the parliamentarian positions they still insisted on going across the river and Force and forcing their way across the other side of the river with cavalry again So obviously there's very much a so very much a drive to use cavalry even though cavalry is not necessarily needed Thus we can say this feature had an extreme relationship with the back of field It's like one more forces The force did utilize this landscape feature in a very logical way. However, well, that's a very logical way in a logical way However, still with this in mind Cavalry still played a major role in taking the river crossing even though it wasn't needed And it highlights that even when forces apply wildly accepted logic to utilization landscape features There are still elements distinct of the time period. Why would what's the point of all this? What advances does this give? It highlights the Need to understand the given period's distinct approach to warfare distinct approach to seeing the landscape and utilizing troops within that landscape Not just because of technology not just because of access to different troop types But also because mentality and approach to warfare can be different and understanding that that is a that is the case Um, there is front end within conflict Within the studies of conflict is to focus on individual individual studies in individual battlefields It's by no means a universal trend, but it is quite a lot a large trend And it's effectively tries to pull that apart slightly and spread that to different conflict sites It's different conflict sites and across Um across a whole time period if possible Also understanding Then are also noting that the approach to the use of the landscape feature and these in least within these two case studies Does appear to be different Which suggests therefore that the approaches to the utilization or not utilization of landscape features between different time periods and between different Between different groups of people does change whether that's whether that's because of you know, the weather the sun the fact that one of them Prayed that morning and one and isn't we don't we don't know but it's important to remember Put to take that into account when looking at a battlefield and it's important to then Incorporate that into the understanding of the narrative Also, for example, as shown by my colleague, um Ellie's presentation It's also useful when applied to battles. We know a little about them because we don't know necessarily the um We don't know anything about what what they're what the opportunities they had to take a certain past the battlefield whether they saw some path path would be more defensive or not, but utilizing this um data-led approach Combined with other approach would combine with other disciplines and with other approaches as well It's very important to try and understand the full narrative Even simply knowing just how much room soldiers take up on the battlefield Which I've done through my own research versus my masters and my phd in terms of looking at that It's even just that little thing. It's quite important understanding just how they saw the landscape so Don't I'm wrapping it up. Don't worry um What can we say what can we say about this and what's thinking adds to it? so this study Find the essential stuff adds to the field of conflict studies by providing empirical data on elements within conflict landscape I choose to interpret the this data Based on my own knowledge on my own research the data that can be provided by this approach and by the approaches like it Um is entirely is entirely empirical So we can interpret from it what we can but it's important to take this nonetheless take it into account This can later better interpretate on the actions within a given battle and also forces how forces interacted with the wider conflict landscape This is not only features potentially also roads other forces Other features in the landscape that we may not have been considered part of the battle such as religious buildings Or the assessment being within three miles of you something we were not noticing So to be out of the battlefield space, but nonetheless will be taken into account by those taking part And studying error such as this highlights the links between conflict and the inherit social societal groups involved because fundamentally We are dealing with people We are not dealing with people We're not dealing with just agents within a simulation who who fundamentally are controlled and programmed by us These are people with their own thoughts feelings phobia of hills you never know so Thank you. Thank you very much and special thanks of course to John as my supervisor and Phil for having run this week. Thank you very much


How do you know if your tongues are real? Simple. If you speak in tongues and no one including yourself doesn't understand they're wrong.  If you're edifying only yourself then that's incorrect. All spiritual gifts are given for the edification, the building up of others not yourself. If also your tongues aren't an actual language. Tongues are a language. That's what the word means.  So when you speak in tongues and you cover the basis then you're fine otherwise you don't speak in tongues.


it's kind of around Christmas. We decided to do a little Christmas theme. So it's kind of the time of the year when we fulfill our social obligations to show love for each other or feelings for each other through the giving of gifts, right? But the problem with this is that most of the time we give giving, it's kind of dishonest. It's kind of vague intentions. And you have a failure to express your true feelings for other people, right? So what do we do about this? So introducing the gift advisor, the most brutally honest gift-giving assistant that you can have.  Okay, so last year, last Christmas, you gave your heart away to some young you. And but you find out three months later that he's been cheating on you.  So don't worry, hold on to your avocados, because it got you out covered, bro. So to demonstrate this, we'll jump straight into the demo. Okay, so gift advisor, the most accurate gift recommendation you ever use. So let's start off with basics. What is it for this time?  When you need this gift, well, anytime, anytime is really good. How generous are you feeling?  Vengeance knows no bounds. So therefore, your generosity also knows no bounds. Receiving profiling. What do you think the gender is?    And here's the important part. Okay, this is where we get really honest. Okay, how are you related to them? They don't know that you exist yet.  But they don't know about you. Now, this is an important part. We have to give a disclaimer.  We have to give you a warning that stalking is a criminal offense. If you understand, you know, you can accept the risk and move on. But, okay, but in this case, we don't, so we don't want to hook up with them. That's fine. And how much do you really like them? So it doesn't just apply to your ex, whether you know, you have friend, friend enemies, kind of your buddies, girlfriend that you kind of just hang out with. So, yeah, but in this case, they're hell's phone. You know, you don't, yeah, you don't like them. And did they buy you something nice last year? No, not applicable, not this time anyway. So then that's it, right? At the end of it, we will generate a message customized just for you based on all your answers above. Okay, so Jamie, give this person a name, okay, that's fine. And your name? Cat, okay, excellent. Okay, so cat, cat versus evil woman. And with God, you're also generated message. Anyong Hasingyo, evil one, happy married, whatever. Surprise, I have been stalking you.  Now, this might seem like a very strange message. Okay, so, so I explained this in a little bit. So if you go down, these are our topics, okay, these are curated, okay, by our staff, okay, very carefully selected presence based on your answers. And below, below that, what we've gotten from the web. So this is just based on Amazon search, based on keywords, based on all your answers. And these are things we get. Now, of course, you want to know how we get here. What's the tech behind this, right? Show them the secret sauce. So this is the formula behind how your message is generated. So depending on the name you give, and the occasions and whatever your answers are. So like in this case, if you like this person, based on your rating of one to five of like how much you like them, that's how many times you actually repeat really. So say if you put five, it'll say, I really, really, really, really, like you. And if you want to hook up with them, you're just straight up asked if you want to bang. So that's it. That's how this works. And whoops. And every question that you ask simply adds additional tag to your product search. So in that case, like when we're searching for that, we literally put, okay, it's not this, but we were like 50 bucks, Christmas prank, something like that. And your budget also gets adjusted based on your answers as well. So if you really like them, would extend the budget. If they didn't get you anything nice, you're kind of cut it down as well. So summarize everything.  So if you need to get a present, yeah. Come to us. Thank you. Is there any questions, comments? You know, my mom tells me she loves me no matter what I do. So you're going to buy, you're going to use this for your mom? Oh yeah, of course. Okay, that's not my car. But the idea is that this thing is not only for like, vengeance gifts, because you can use it as a legit like, gift advisor, just that we chose to showcase the most extreme case. Yeah, we actually had three scenarios at first, but you know, we had three minutes, so we're like, okay, let's just show the funniest one. Okay. Cool. Any other questions, comments? If not, thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you.


Thanks for checking out this movie review video. So this is for the 2019 film La Yorona, which I'm sure English-speaking people would say La Llorona But the if there's one thing I learned in Spanish classes when I was in high school It's that the double L has a Y sound so La Yorona This is not to be confused with the curse of La Yorona, which had come out I think last year the year before that these are two separate films definitely separate films So this film is from Guatemala. It is a Spanish language film, and it's done by J.R.O. or Jairo Bustamante who's done Excanol and Tremors. No, not the Tremors that is most well known. It's a different Tremors It was also written by Bustamante and La Sandro Sanchez Now this is a shutter exclusive film when I'm putting this review out It's not out yet It comes out the Thursday of when I'm putting this up and actually I should put down what the date is It's coming out on the 6th Thursday, August 6th So know that you can see it then now I'm I'm giving a synopsis, but I don't want to say too much synopsis wise for this But basically it's a it's about a family kind of hold up in their house trying to deal with a Situation that's going on because of the elder Male in the family that's as much as I'll kind of say and it's not so much about Physically dealing with things that's more about mentally and emotionally dealing with things coming to terms with stuff now No spoilers on this sorry Sorry for clearing my throat no spoilers on this because it's a film that's just coming to shutter So just know that but we can do spoilers in the comments if people want to do that. So I With this film it is more You can't just watch it and think this is gonna be a straight-up horror film And you're gonna have all these scares and stuff. There are moments that are creepy. There are moments that are a bit intense but Overall, it's not one of those straightforward horror films This is a more commentary on society in Guatemala on Guatemala's past on Societal issues and how to come to terms with those things or sorry a need to come to terms with those types of things It makes a lot of points and I'll kind of talk about some of the underlying themes with it without really spoiling anything But if you're looking for just one of those straight-up horror films where it's, you know You turn your brain off and just go this is not that film This film's kind of more in the vein of something like tigers are not afraid Which is a film that kind of deals with the issues of kids getting caught up In the drug cartel violence now This is a little bit different because it's not about drug cartels But it's in that same vein of like societal points and not and it's more thematic stuff And it's less like straight-up scares because if you saw my review for tigers are not afraid And I don't know if it's on shutter still or not It's one of those films that there's not a whole lot of like horror to it And this film's kind of that way the horror is light to it. It's more of kind of like a true life horror and Yeah, so just kind of throwing that out there It does help to read up on the massacre of dose eras in 1982 in Guatemala for this Just so you have an idea of the backdrop of something that's going on early on in the film It kind of departs from that and can be applied to Many other situations after that, but it is rooted in a specific thing The massacre of dose eras at least early on so it kind of helps to just read up on that Just check out the Wikipedia. So you kind of have a base of knowledge. So you'll kind of context for what's actually going on It is heavily referenced in the very beginning of it But just you know as a quick little bit about what it was it was basically a government-led genocide against indigenous peoples in Guatemala and Terrible terrible The beginning is a bit unsettling. It's got a little bit of an unsettling Aspect to it the very beginning before the actual title flashes on screen They focus on one particular actress and kind of like the camera moves back kind of slowly And I have to really give credit to that actress because she needed a lot of focus for that scene and You can't slip up Her her delivery and you'll see what I mean when you watch it her delivery of how she's delivering lines and For how long she's delivering lines takes a lot of focus and skill and I was pretty impressed by that So that's cool But this is something that they do a few times in the film is they kind of like the kind of Slowly panning back shots which look good Especially because it's nice because it kind of expands the world of what you're seeing it expands the scene And I really like shots like that that you know don't do it too fast They do it slowly so you're gradually seeing more and more and more of what's going on Which kind of helps you with the breadth of what they're trying to get through of look at look at the extent of what's happening here That type of thing there are some really cool shots in this this kind of the word alter kind of jumped into my head for boost of Monte because These are the types of directorial things and this is a type of cinematography that authors do a lot of really cool looking shots a lot of interesting angles a lot of Shooting through things in a way, you know shooting through something so it kind of like creates a natural border around the the shot that you're seeing it's Really well done cinematography directing really good. The acting is quite good as well Don't have any issues with that so from a technical standpoint. It's nice Also, the score the score is really well done and it's it's simplistic They don't go over the top with it Which is really good because for films like this you shouldn't go over the top because you're gonna put too much focus on the actual score itself And this is about the dialogue about the story So you don't want to overshadow that and they don't because the music is pretty minimal But it works it also works you got to walk that fine line of you know Doing enough music but not doing too much music and they I think they do a good job of that And there are moments, you know, I'm big on this where they use silence quite well To kind of ratchet up tension a little bit. So good on that. I like that Don't get me wrong. This film is slow. It is a very slow burn It takes its time getting to the end state for that reason it feels like a slow movie It feels like a little bit of a slog at times. So if you're not okay with that, this might not be the film for you I'm okay with that It's people who watch a lot of international film You kind of understand that in the United States film making for the most part is a little bit different It's kind of more about keeping the action going going at a faster pace things like that in other Countries a lot of the times film is a little bit more about go ahead Take your time develop the story slowly kind of create a whole atmosphere a whole environment that people can breathe in and Then you know you will get there and you do get there there's payoff at the end of the film now Like I said, this isn't gonna be for everyone because it does feel kind of slow It's a little bit over an hour and a half and it kind of feels longer than that which usually sucks but I Mean there are some things that they could have edited down in this to make that better, but I'm not mad at it It's fine There's also to go back to the music portion There's some interesting musical cues put in here that are kind of supposed to give the idea that there's something kind of sinister A foot and it's it's nice because it's not done in the sense of there's a musical cue and something happens immediately It's more of like Implanning a little idea in your brain with that little bit of music saying something's off Something's a little weird and it pays off later It's not like a immediate thing and I kind of like those things those are fun It's driven home and there's a society of not valuing women in this film and kind of expecting their place to be just supporting men Kind of doing whatever the man needs whether it's physically taking care of them or emotionally being there for them or keeping secrets Or just shutting up and knowing your role in a sense. It focuses a lot on the females in this film It's very female driven and it's kind of about how they're controlled It's not that's not solely about that But that's one of the aspects of this film about the inequality going on in society there and kind of being controlled and this is a lot of it spawning from a societal norm that started a long time ago that is overdue to basically be flipped on its head and Yeah, that this persists mainly because of tradition So it's very interesting that this is very female driven and you kind of see the struggle of trying to deal with Living up to what you're societally supposed to be as a woman versus the struggle of trying to Be more independent trying to be more Engaged seeking knowledge of knowing what's really going on and feeling like you want to do the right thing You want to get the information that you feel you need To be the right type of person to you know Make the right type type of decisions and it's this give-and-take that you end up seeing through it of the struggle of Do I just Not say something do I not ask a question? Do I just do what I'm told or do I go with my more my more strong instincts? And I do what's more right and I seek to be a more of an equal as opposed to a subordinate So it's interesting from that aspect There's a good portion of this. That's actually shot Nighttime and I appreciate the fact that it's lit enough that it's kind of like a moonlight Lighting and you can see enough of what's going on You know, there are a lot of films and I have problems with this all the time where it's too dark You cannot see anything when it's dark Prime example, I always say this the alien versus predator requiem film that film is unwatchable Because it's so dark. You can't see what's going on So this film did a great job of doing stuff in the dark But you have enough lighting that you know what's going on You can clearly see see what's happening some things are obscured But that's okay because you still know what's going on. You can still see it. So good on that It focuses on one particular family and there's something going on around them throughout the film that serves as Kind of a truth that's trying to kind of make its way inside of the family as they're physically shut in their house Basically metaphorically trying to keep the truth trying to keep that information Outside of the family unit unit because it could destroy the family unit it plays into the issues of you know, denial and you know, how hard it is to kind of take those truths in actually absorb them and you know Make harsh decisions and judgments about your own family Everyone wants to believe that your family is really good that everyone in your family is a great person Who's only done good things in their life, but that's not the reality of the situation and it takes a lot of strength to Realize that and to recognize those moments where you need to address those types of things which actually goes to another thing about this It touches on the specters a few more things it touches on the specters of war that end up lingering You know this kind of going back to that dose areas massacre That stuff doesn't just go away and that's one of the kind of points made in this film Is that those types of things don't go away for a country for a society for? Individual people who are involved in it There is a tendency for certain people especially people who have done wrong in the past to want to just move past things And then that's seen in this film But the point is kind of made that you know the specters of what happened will stay They will linger and those things instead of just being moved past need to be addressed need to be acknowledged and Dealt with properly in order to get actual healing in order to learn From the situation and make a better future make a better present even at that point so Yeah, you got to make amends in a sense. So that's kind of all I have to say about this film It's very dense from that kind of societal commentary portion So if you don't like that in film, this isn't gonna be for you if you do like that in film You may very well like this film. So with a possibility of five stars in play half With the possibility of five stars half stars in play. I'm gonna give this a solid three star rating There are some things about it that personally it wasn't my favorite. It did feel very long. It went kind of slow I'm okay with that but the payoff in the end wasn't as large as I wanted it to be I was expecting a horror film and it wasn't as much horror as in my mind What I thought it was gonna be but this is a good film still and it's kind of like when I did my review for tigers I'm not afraid where it's I was expecting horror. It's not so much horror, but just know it's an interesting film It's a well-done film. It's an important film. So Worth checking out but anyway based off all this information make your own decision if you want to watch this film or not But you know me I think that any film is worth seeing at least once that way You know, you can make up your own mind on if you like it or not But thanks for checking this out. Do me a quick favor though hit that subscribe button Helps my channel out a lot means a lot to me personally and it takes you only like a second And if you're gonna do that or you've already hit that subscribe button Make sure you also have the notification bell checked because that'll let you know whenever I put up new videos Or whenever I'm live streaming. So yeah, but regardless Thanks for checking this out and until next time keep it brutal