recap of the assignment process in the case of nucleic acids and by and large we do this by the nosy experiment which we discussed last time in greater detail and here is just to show that once more this is a two dimensional nosy spectrum of a particular olivore nucleotide whose sequence is given here on the top. So this has three thymines here and are very well characterized by the presence of the methyl groups in the base. So here you have a methyl group in the thymine base and that is very distinctly seen at the top here. So that actually fixes the positions of the thymine residues. So and as you know this one is the area which corresponds to the base protons and the base protons the NOEs are there to the sugar rings these are the H1 prime protons of the sugar ring and then you have these are to the H3 primes and these are to the H4 primes 5 primes and then these are the 2 prime 2 double prime area from the base protons H8 and H6 to the base protons that is indicated here H8, H6, H2 but the NOEs come from the H8 and H6 you do not see so much from the H2 protons all of these are base protons and then you have here very characteristically these are the thymines. So therefore these fix these are the NOEs from the methyl of the thymines to their own H6 protons there are three of them here you can see them very strongly here these three and therefore this fixes the positions of the thymines here. So everything what you do should be consistent with that that actually provides a very good starting point here because you see I will illustrate this to you in this particular sequence here we saw this in the last time I will go over it again you start with the T at the 5 prime end then the T at the 3 prime end. So what we have seen earlier was that you will see from the base proton NOEs to the sugar protons of the same nucleotide and to the sugar protons of the previous nucleotide that is at the 5 prime end. So therefore this T does not have anyone on the top there. Therefore this thymine base will have only one connectivity from its base proton. Secondly we also know where are the thymines the thymine positions are fixed here in this particular sequence there are two thymines and the NOEs from the methyl to the base proton fix the two thymines to be here. So therefore one of the thymine is here other thymine is here. Now if you look at these two thymines one of them shows a sequential connectivity here to the 5 prime end therefore obviously this must correspond to this whereas this one does not show any sequential peak therefore this must correspond to this. Now you can start from either end of these ones and you can walk and ultimately you have to reach this place therefore you can see from T8 self you see to the next one G7 from G7 you go to its own base from the G7 you go to the G6 this is the sequential peak then it will go to its own base then it is G6 here G6 you go to it is the sequential one you go to G5 then from G5 you go to the C4 now that is here there is a sequential this is the self from C4 you go to the G3 and then that is the sequential connection here to this center here now you notice that this peak consists of two peaks here. So there is one sequential which is connecting the self peak is here and its sequential is also in this area and this connects to the G2 here from G2 you have you go to T1 and you reach here therefore you see the sequential walk is easily done in this entire sequence. Once you have this one prime identified you will also identify the one prime two prime the two prime two double prime and the two prime three prime peaks from the NOEs which are occurring in this area. So you have this one one prime are identified here you see NOEs to the two primes in the two double primes of the individual nucleotides and also to the three primes here and then to the four primes in the five primes here therefore once the one primes are identified you connect them to the one two prime and two double prime these are also seen in the COSY spectrum one prime two prime peaks will also be seen in the COSY spectrum therefore once you have the one prime identified you will have the two prime two double primes identified there you will also see the two prime two double prime cross peaks here and this we are clearly distinctly seen at a different place and then you will have from the one prime you will have the three prime four prime peaks which are present here in this area. So the whole spectrum therefore can be analyzed by once you get these one prime assignments here and you also have this base to base assignments here in this area. So having done these assignments now you have the full assignments of the entire nucleotide now you have to go to the structure. The structure as we said consists of the backbone structure and then the sugar ring structure. The sugar ring we have seen earlier is called the sugar puckering it is described by the pseudo rotation angle P and we have all the sugar puckers are classified into two categories north and the south which we described earlier the north corresponds to the C3 prime endo geometry which is the center of the north region and this happens in the A type DNA helix or in the RNAs and in the B type double helix you have the C2 prime endo geometry these are characteristically shown here what how do they look like the sugar pucker is in this in this way and then you have the glycoxidic torsion angle here which determines how the base is oriented with respect to the sugar ring there. So now we have to determine the sugar geometry we have there is only one variable here that is a pseudo rotation angle and how do we determine the sugar geometry what are our observables from the NMR point of view and that is the sugar ring as you know has many protons and all these protons are coupled J coupled. So you have this one prime on every position you have the protons here one prime two prime two double prime then you have the three prime the four prime and the five prime it goes like that. So far the sugar ring is concerned we have these couplings which are present here one bound three bound couplings and those ones are indicated here. So you will have the ribose ring we will have this coupling constants here I will show you the coupling constant a little bit more detail and this is once again the pseudo rotation circle. So you have the in the southern part this is the so called C2 prime endo region and this is the northern part this is the C3 prime endo region all other intermediate puckers which occur in this area. Now how do we characterize these sugar rings what are our observables the observables are the coupling constants the coupling constants are indicated here. Now the coupling constants depend on the sugar geometry what is plotted here how many coupling constants are there we have one prime to two double prime then one prime to two prime two prime to three prime two double prime to three prime and three prime to four prime. So we have five different coupling constants five different coupling constants which can be used to characterize the sugar ring and these ones depend on the confirmation of the sugar ring and that you can see from here these are plotted here the coupling constants vary with P in this manner. This big one here this one this is the one prime two prime coupling this peaks here at this about 10 hertz is the coupling constant here for the C2 prime endo geometry. For the C2 prime endo geometry this one prime two prime coupling is 10 hertz. So and we can write here some of these things so for the C2 prime endo for the C2 prime endo geometry you have the one prime two prime is approximately 10 hertz and you can look at the other ones the one prime two double prime one prime two double prime is approximately you can see which one is that that is the one which is below there so that is approximately 6 hertz that is here. So in this area this is 10 hertz this is 6 hertz and this one is my two prime three prime what is two prime two prime three prime this is the third one and that is approximately seven hertz okay so that is about 7 to 8 hertz 7 to 8 hertz and what about two double prime three prime two double prime three prime is this one okay we are talking here. So this is about 2 hertz or less than 2 hertz 1 to 2 hertz and 3 prime 4 prime 0 okay and these are very characteristic coupling constants and they will show up in the cross peak fine structures in this we are going to discuss. Now what happens in the case of C3 prime endo let me write here the C3 prime C3 prime endo geometry so you can see what are the coupling constants C3 prime endo means we are here we are here so here 1 prime 2 prime is 0 okay and all others are relatively larger all others are greater than others all others greater than 6 hertz in this area you can see this one is very small this is the C3 prime endo area the 6 hertz and this is about 7 hertz then you have 10 hertz among these the strongest ones are the 3 prime 4 prime this is the 3 prime 4 prime this is the highest value for 10 hertz and then the 2 double prime 3 prime is also around 8 to 9 hertz so that is this one here. So therefore these are very distinct coupling constants which will allow you to distinguish between the sugar geometries okay now how do they show up in the sugar geometry so we will have to calculate the sugar geometry fine structure for this therefore we will try and calculate that in the cosy we will have to use the cosy spectrum okay so fine structures in the cross peaks of the sugar ring. First of all let me draw the schematic of the cosy spectrum what all you are going to get so let us say I have this this is the C3 prime endo let us say this is why where are the 1 primes let us say this is the H1 prime then I have 2 prime 2 double prime here then I have the 3 prime here then these are the 4 primes 5 prime 5 prime so we will not go so up to the 4 prime one can go so what do you expect here from the 1 prime this is the diagonal okay so you have the 1 prime to 2 prime to double prime so you will let us say this is my I will draw that here 2 prime 2 double prime there are 2 here then I will have the 3 prime and this is the 4 prime here and then I have the 1 prime here so this is the characteristic now what cross peaks I will have of course the diagonal will be present here 1 prime to 2 prime to double prime because I will have I will have 2 peaks here schematically in the cosy spectrum so 2 prime to double prime of course you will have the cross peak between these 2 prime to double prime there this will be present now 1 prime 2 prime peak will it be present in the C3 prime endo geometry for a general thing all these peaks will be there but will this 1 prime 2 prime will be present will it be present so let us look at that so 1 prime 2 prime coupling is 0 right so for the C3 prime endo geometry this peak will be absent okay 2 prime double prime will be there now all other peaks will be there now 2 prime 2 prime to 3 prime peak will be there though so 2 prime to 3 prime peak will be there okay and 3 prime to 4 prime that is here 3 prime to 4 prime will be there this is also very strong peak okay so on the other side I am not writing this symmetrically they will also be present here so I am not writing on the other side so these peaks will be present you will have 1 prime to 2 double prime and 2 prime to 3 prime this is 2 prime to the 2 double prime to 3 prime will it be present 2 double prime to 3 prime will also be present and that will also be present here 2 double prime to 3 prime. And 3 prime, 4 prime, will it be present? Yes, that will be present and that is this. This is 3 prime to 4 prime. This is the diagonal of the 3 prime. This is the diagonal of the 4 prime. And these are the diagonals of the 2 prime and 2 double, 2 double prime and 2 primes there. So, these many peak, these 4 cross peaks will be present in the case of a C-thru-primando geometry. Now, let us do that for the 2-primando geometry. It is right here. C 2 prime and 2 geometry. Now, let me do the same thing here. You have the 2 prime, 2 double prime, then you have the 4 prime, then 3 prime, then the 1 prime. So, let us draw the same thing here. 2 prime, 2 double prime, 4 prime, 3 prime and 1 prime. Now, what peaks will be present here? For the C-2-primeando geometry, go back and look here. We wrote those ones here. What are the coupling constants? 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is very large. Therefore, I will see the 1 prime, 2 prime cross peak. What I will not see? What I will not see is I am indicating below the 3 prime, 4 prime cross peak will not be seen because that coupling constant is 0. See, this coupling constant is 0. 3 prime and the 2 double prime, 3 prime is also very small, 1 to 2 hertz. Therefore, you may not see this one also. So, what you will see? You will see these 3 couplings. These 3 couplings only will be seen. So, let us draw that here. So, therefore, I will have 1 prime, 2 prime coupling. This peak will be present. 1 prime, 2 double prime also will be present. And what about 2 prime, 3 prime? 2 prime, 3 prime will be present. 2 double prime, 3 prime will not be present. And 3 prime, 4 prime also will not be present. So, therefore, I will have only 3 peaks here. On both sides, of course, correspondingly, there will be symmetrically they will be present here as well. I am not writing on this side. So, basically on one side, these are the distinctively different kinds of patterns you will get in the 2 kinds of sugar geometry. By looking at these kinds of peaks itself, you will be able to figure out whether I have the 3 prime endowed geometry or the 3 prime endowed geometry which is pure. In the case of the pure geometries. But of course, if there are equilibrium mixtures of the 2, then you may find the peaks present for the other ones also. So, this we can figure out by actually measuring the coupling constants. Now, how do we measure the coupling constants? The fine structures contain this information. All of these peaks, they have fine structures and the fine structures will have the information about the coupling constants. So, how do we measure this coupling constants? In order to do that, we must be able to understand what are the fine structures in these peaks. So, let us take a particular peak, let us say cross peak 1 prime, 2 double prime. Let me consider one particular peak 1 prime, 2 double prime for a C2 prime endowed geometry, for C2 prime endowed geometry. So, we have seen this how to calculate these fine structures, but so let us do that once more here. So, let us say you have the H1 prime chemical shift here. This is the H1 prime chemical shift, this is the H1 prime, this is the single line, this is the chemical shift here. What are the coupling constants this will have? This will have H1 prime has 1 prime, 2 prime and 1 prime, 2 double prime. These 2 couplings are there. Now, if you are looking at the 1 prime, 2 double prime cross peak, now I will have an active coupling and a passive coupling, which is the active coupling here, because I am looking at the 1 prime, 2 double prime cross peak. Therefore, this is my active coupling and this is my passive coupling. What is the consequence of this? The active coupling will lead to plus minus splitting. So, I will put this split this here, 1 plus minus, this is the 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling. So, now we notice here in this 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling is of the order of 6 to 7 hertz. Now, 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is much larger, that is about 10 hertz. So, therefore, this will further split into 2 and they will go like this. But this since it is a passive coupling, I will have this plus and plus here and minus and minus there. So, this will produce me a structure plus minus plus minus. Let us look at the 2 primes, the 2 double prime peak. Now, if we draw the 2 double prime peak here, H2 double prime, what are the coupling constants for this? It has a 2 prime, 2 double prime coupling, 2 prime, 1 prime coupling and 2 double prime, 3 prime coupling. Now, this one has 3 couplings. So, this one has 3 couplings, it has 2 double prime, 2 prime, 2 double prime, 1 prime and 2 double prime, 3 prime. But 2 double prime, 3 prime is very, very small. So, 2 double prime, 3 prime is almost close to 0. So, therefore, we will not see that. So, 2 double prime has 2 double prime, 1 prime coupling, 2 double prime, 3 prime coupling which is small for the C2 prime endo geometry and the 2 prime, 2 double prime, this is a large one. This is typically of the order of 14 hertz, 2 double, this is the geminal coupling and this is of the order of 7 hertz. Now, therefore, what is the kind of a splitting here? So, now, let us draw this pattern here. So, what is the active coupling? The active coupling is this one. This is the active coupling. So, therefore, if I want to draw first the splitting due to the active coupling, this will be plus, minus and this will be of the order of 2, this is 2 double prime, 1 prime coupling and this will be further split into 2 because of the 2 prime, 2 double prime coupling. Therefore, this will be plus, plus, minus, minus. This is 2 double prime, 2 prime coupling, 2 double prime, 2 prime coupling. So, this also will be plus, minus, plus, minus. So, what will be the fine structure? So, therefore, I will have here plus, minus, plus, minus and here also I will have plus, minus, plus, minus. So, if I multiply this, how many components I will have? I will have 16 components. This peak will have 16 components. Therefore, I want to write that here inside plus, minus, plus, minus. Then I will have minus, plus, minus, plus. This will be plus, minus, plus, minus, minus, plus, minus, plus. So, 16 components, this is the kind of a structure that will be present in the 1 prime, 2 double prime peak. So, if you look at the 1 prime, 2 prime peak, of course, then you will have to consider differently. In the case of 1 prime, 2 prime peak, what are the, you have like 2 prime, 3 prime coupling also in addition. So, go to the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling, the same geometry, C2 prime endo. Now, I want to see what will be for the 1 prime, 2 prime peak. 1 prime, 2 prime. See the 1 prime, 2 prime. Now, what are the actual coupling here? Let us split that here. 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is very large. 1 prime, 2 prime coupling, this is the active coupling now. 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling will become smaller. That is the passive coupling. So, this will be plus, minus and 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling, which is smaller. So, therefore, this will be like this. Therefore, this will be plus, plus, minus, minus. Now, let us look at this is the H1 prime. Now, let us look at the H2 prime. H2 prime, once again I will write 1 prime, 2 prime is the active coupling. This is, what are the coupling constants here? So, in this case, I will have 2 prime, 2 double prime, 2 prime, 1 prime and 2 prime, 3 prime. There are 3 couplings. And the 2 prime, 3 prime is not 0. So, therefore, let us start with this big 1, 2 prime, 2 double prime that is the big 1 there. Let us say, this is my, this is, this is plus, plus because this is the passive coupling. I am writing with the plus, passive coupling there. And now what is this one? So, this one is my 2 prime, 2 double prime and then I will have 2 prime, 1 prime. Now, this is my active coupling. Therefore, this will be plus, minus, plus, minus. This is the 2 prime, 1 prime, 2 prime, 1 prime. And 2 prime, 3 prime is smaller than 2 prime, 1 prime. So, therefore, this will be again another passive coupling. So, now we see I will write here plus, plus and this is minus, minus. This will be plus, plus and this will be minus, minus. So, what you got here? You got 8 of them, plus, plus, minus, plus, minus, plus, minus, minus. So, 8 components. Therefore, this will have how many total in the structure? There will be 32 components, 4 into 8. So, here I will, suppose I want to write here. So, this is plus, plus, minus, plus, minus, plus, minus, minus. So, and this side I have here, plus, plus, minus, minus. So, you put that here.  So, you will have 32 components and all of these coupling, these will of course, will have the separation there as we indicated here. So, which is the coupling? This is the 1 prime, 2 double prime, 1 prime, 2 double prime. So, by looking at these plus, minus separations, you can figure out what are the coupling constants in each one of those. But often you may not be able to resolve the peaks in this manner. So, what will happen? There will be cancellations in the middle, all pluses, minuses and things like that will cancel in the middle, then you may not be able to find all the peaks. So, in such a situation what do we do? When we do not have this, of course, you will have to calculate all of this. Similarly, you can calculate the fine structures for the 2 prime, 3 prime peaks and then the 3 prime, 4 prime peaks, you can calculate the fine structures for the individual sugar geometries. So, when we do that, this is an experimental spectrum of the C2 prime endo sugar geometry, which is shown here. Now, what you have here? So, you have the 1 prime, which I have already discussed with you. The 1 prime peak is present here. These are the diagonals here and then you have the 2 prime, 2 double prime cross peak present here. So, let me write here, this is the 1 prime and this is the 3 prime, this is the 2 double prime and this is the 2 prime. So, therefore, you see 1 prime to 2 double prime and 2 prime and then you see from, this is the 3 prime. So, 3 prime to 2 prime, notice 2 double prime, 3 prime peak is absent. This is what I showed you earlier, 2 double prime because that coupling constant is very, very small and then you of course, you have the 2 double prime, 2 prime peak. Symmetrically, you will also have these peaks here. Now, these ones as you can see have a fine structure. These ones have a fine structure. This is what I was discussing, explained to you just now and we will see how one can calculate these. Now, you see these are the simulations. So, since there will be cancellations in the peak intensities, you cannot do it by simply, all the components are not visible to you, all the components are not visible to you. You have an experimental spectrum, you put in these numbers, certain numbers for the particular sugar geometry. Here, what is calculated is for all the sugar geometries starting from the pseudo rotation angle, 9 degrees, 36 degrees, 72 degrees, 90 degrees and this is my C2 prime endo geometry. And we instead of see how many cross peaks are seen here, you only see 4 components. All the other components, there are lots of things which have merged, they have cancelled or merged and things like that. So, in this particular case, we see more components. If we see here, there is some cancellations here, some residual things are present here. So, when you come to this area, then you do not see these cross peaks at all, because this is the 1 prime, 2 prime peak. 1 prime, 2 prime peak, peaks around, the coupling constant peaks around 144. This is 0 here and 0 here. Therefore, you will not see the cross peaks for the C2 prime endo geometry for these values of the pseudo rotation angle. Now, therefore, these are the patterns which are calculated and simulated keeping in mind the resolutions that are there and the line weights. So, once you have those, once you get these patterns. So, experimentally what we have to do is, you will have to simulate and compare with the experimental spectra to estimate the correct values of the coupling constants. Now, this is a similar calculation, simulation for the 1 prime, 2 double prime peak. So, this is the 1 prime, 2 double prime peak here. Now, you see there are many more peaks which are visible here, because this one has only 1 prime, 2 prime coupling absent. 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is absent, but all other couplings are there. So, because of the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is absent, you see this peak appears narrow along this axis for the various values, because at this point at 9 degree, the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is 0. Therefore, at this value, 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is 0. Therefore, this side splitting is only 2, 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling. Therefore, this is narrow. As we keep increasing, you start getting contributions from the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling also. This actually becomes wider, you see this width becomes more, this becomes more, further more and it has the largest, you see here is the largest width here, because the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is large and 1 prime, 2 double prime coupling is also available here. Therefore, this has the larger width along this axis. There are four components along this axis that you can see that here clearly. In fact, in this one, you can also see all the 16 components, so to say. Centrally, there are some cancellations at this point, because of the plus minus. And you keep increasing the value of the P, go over to C2 prime in the geometry and then you go over towards the end. Once again, it becomes narrow here. This is similar to this. This is again back into the North regime. North regime has the 1 prime, 2 prime coupling is going to 0. So, therefore, this is becoming a narrower one here. So, therefore, from the looking at the patterns of the cross peaks in the cozy spectra, you can actually calculate, determine whether it is the geometry is in the North domain or the South domain. So, I think we can stop here.


Hi, my name is Nicholas Dunn and I'm the Executive Director of Biodesign Europe. Biodesign Europe represents an exciting collaborative applied research partnership between Dublin City University and Arizona State University. Biodesign Europe will work closely with Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute to translate scientific discoveries that deliver industry-relevant technical solutions to benefit society as a whole. Crucially, this aligns with Dublin City University's strategic vision for research that transforms lives and societies. As a starting point, our focus will be on channeling internationally leading research expertise and capabilities at the intersection of engineering, biology and computing at both universities. Strategic priority areas will be healthcare technology, sustainable manufacturing, biotechnology, bioanalytical systems and sustainability for health. It is also our ambition to not only contribute to the skills base of those in the STEM field, but so too employment in these sectors. Arizona State University has ranked number one in the US for innovation, while Dublin City University is regarded as Ireland's university's transformation and enterprise. We have a long established track record of enterprise engagement and commercial development in partnership with industry. Building on this, Biodesign Europe will benefit from the excellent technology transfer expertise at both universities to leverage the commercial potential of our applied research activities. At Biodesign Europe, our long term vision is to broaden our scope and collaborate with other universities, institutes and industry partners that share our passion for delivering nature inspired solutions. For us, it is about meeting the key challenges facing industry towards the betterment of human health, community safety and global sustainability, having a positive effect on driving a sustainable international economy. We look forward to welcoming you to the Biodesign Europe team.


Here we have the beautiful song of a humpback whale. Some of this geometry that we're seeing is just exquisitely beautiful.


The stroke of the midnight hour when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. The Indian woman, an indomitable spirit. India has witnessed much prosperity and progress, graced by the indomitable human spirit, embodied in the lives and works of pioneers. Women who dared to make a choice and follow through with purposeful action. Since the Vedic age, we find evidence of women contributing to the growth of knowledge and society in India. Women such as Maithri, Gargi and Surya Savitri. Women in modern India stand not alone. They are the bearers of a long heritage of self-liberation and empowerment. We asked a multitude of women about empowerment. I'm working with Manipur Women Gun Survivors Network. We have 120 women artisans in Himachal Pradesh. We work with over 5,000 widows in 300 villages of Manipur and giving new skills to the Himachal women on hand looms. I'm the founder of a company which deals majorly in health and upkeep of women's life. In vocational unit we teach special children to do these kind of work. We have a very different concept of teaching through museums. By profession I'm a fashion designer and also into teaching so that when they are out from this project they are self-independent enough to take this as a livelihood in future. Women and the police are definitely making contribution to making police force in India a very, very credible force. The answers surprised us. They were as varied as the women. As heterogeneous as our country's socio-political milieu. And all the answers had to do with one simple aspect of their lives. The ability to make a conscious choice. Not about power, not about competition. In this feature we tell but a few stories of triumph. Birth and grit and determination and brilliance and dedication. Our champions are women who dared to strive for what they really wanted. And their tales of success, their struggles often from humble beginnings, remind us again and again that there is always a fire. Just needs a spark. Mumbai. Amti Mumbai. A city that never serves. Some say women do not drive railway engines. Surekha refused to believe them. The train was a machine. She learnt its mechanics. Surekha was responsible for thousands of lives each time she reported for duty. Not only does Surekha teach other women to follow in her footsteps she is an inspiration to women world over who decide to overcome the myth of a man's job. Hyderabad. Famous for its history. Palim and... Tessie Thomas. Otherwise proudly known as the Missile Woman of India. Having grown up in a rocket launch station her fascination for the guided systems knew no bounds. She followed her dream. What I feel is climb the mountain with the intention to see the world and learn more. One of the most important traits of success is Tessie's growth mindset. She learned from the short fuses of other projects and made it a point to perfect her craft even more until her creation reached new heights. We now move on to a very different world. A world where hunger is often acute. Dignity often lacking. Our next champions emerge from this world managed to shatter its stereotypes along the way. Bhopal. A capital city bathed in water both from natural and man-made land. Bhooribhai belongs to the Bheel tribe. The fierce people, the Bheel are renowned for their Pithora art and Goomer dance. But women were disallowed from drawing until Bhooribhai. She showed extraordinary courage and conviction in herself to take Pithora art to new heights. It is unthinkable that a woman without education or a prominent family can be worth millions. Kalpana Saroj, the CEO of Kamani tubes in Mumbai is such a woman. Valued at $115 million, she is probably the quintessential slum dog millionaire. She worked tirelessly while exorcising her acute financial skills. Tired of being a chambermaiden, she snatched the opportunities of becoming a queen in Akka Mahadevi's words. Ayya, if husk without grains is watered would it ever grow and bear fruit?  These amazing stories take us back to the beginning from where we started this wonderful journey an indomitable spirit, the Indian woman.


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Asher and I am going to help you with the following question which says, ABC is a triangle right angled at C, aligned through the midpoint, M of the hypotenuse AB and parallel to BC intersects AC at D. Show that first D is the midpoint of AC, second MD is perpendicular on AC, third CM is equal to MA is equal to half of AB. Let us now begin with the solution and we are given triangle ABC in which angle C is equal to 90 degree, M is midpoint of AB and a line through M is drawn parallel to BC such that it intersects AC at D. So this implies MD is parallel to BC and first we have to show that D is the midpoint of AC. Now in triangle ABC, M is midpoint of AB, MD is parallel to BC. So this implies that D is midpoint of AC and this is the theorem 8.10 of your book which says the line drawn through the midpoint of one side of a triangle parallel to another side by six third side. And here the line is drawn from the midpoint of AB that is from the midpoint M parallel to side BC so it will bisect the third side which is side AC and this implies that D is the midpoint of AC. So this completes the first part and next we have to show MD is perpendicular on AC. Now angle C is 90 degree in triangle ABC, MD is parallel to BC and let AC be the transversal and this implies that angle C is equal to angle ADM since when two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal then the corresponding angles are equal. So these two are corresponding angles and angle C is given to us as 90 degree. So this implies angle ADM is equal to 90 degree that is this angle is also 90 degree and since this is a straight line so this is also 90 degree and this further implies that MD is perpendicular on AC. So this completes the second part also and now we have to show that is equal to ME is equal to half of AB. So first let us try CM now in triangle ADM and triangle CDM. In the first part we have proved that D is the midpoint of AC so this implies AD is equal to DC this is from one angle DM is equal to angle CDM is equal to 90 degree each and this is from part two since we have proved that MD is perpendicular on AC so this implies both these angles are of 90 degree each and MD is equal to DM since the side is common to both the triangles therefore by side angle side congruence relation triangle ADM is congruent to triangle CDM. So this implies AM is equal to CM this is by CPCD that is corresponding to two parts of congruent triangles are equal so let this be equation number one and now since M is the midpoint of AB so this implies AM is equal to MD is equal to half of AB let this be equation number two. Now from one and two we have CM is equal to AM or MA and AM is equal to half of AB and this is what we have to prove thus we can say that CM is equal to MA is equal to half of AB so this completes the third part and hence the session hope you enjoyed it take care and have a good day.


How many cornerbacks will the Ravens keep on the roster this year? What has a better chance to happen this year, Lamar Jackson winning the MVP or the Ravens winning the Super Bowl? Are the Baltimore Ravens the most underrated team in the AFC? Please and many, many more questions on this episode of NFL Questions from subscribers. YouTube team keep it clean, what's going on is engraving here with another video and another episode of NFL Questions from subscribers, which is a series where you can ask me any NFL question you want to and we answer it in a video just like this. If you want to be part of NFL Questions from subs you can send me an email to teamkeepitclean at gmail.com and we'll answer your question in a video. Now team keep it clean, thank you, I love you. On this episode, sorry bad news, it's just going to be me solo. I know we're not used to that, but my apologies, but anyway, shout out to everybody that's come on in the past, shout out to everybody that will come on in the future. We do have more guests coming on, so that is something I'm looking forward to. I just got to work out the time frames and all that because y'all know my schedule is woo. But anyway, I love y'all, I appreciate y'all. Team keep it clean, if you want to become a patron, you can go to patreon.com slash engraving vids. I love y'all and you know what, speaking of the patrons, let's start this episode by asking one of the questions directly from the patrons. First question came from my boy Adam L. He said, how many DBs do you think the Ravens will keep this year? Six? Now we know Marcus Peters, Marlon Humphrey, Tayvon Young, Sean Wade, Anthony Abram, Jimmy Smith, or Locke's, but that leaves Devonte Harris, Eman Marshall, Khalil Dorsey on the bubble. Or do you think that the Ravens may consider trading, perhaps, Tay-Tay to make some cap space? What are your thoughts? I don't think Tayvon Young is going to be traded. I do think that, I think even if he was on the block, I think that teams would be very hesitant to trade for Tayvon Young. All the skill in the world, especially as a slot corner, but we know the injury history. So teams will look at that and be like, oh, and he's on the second contract. So they may be like, oh, I don't know. But anyway, I think, yeah, Marlon Humphrey, Marcus Peters, Jimmy Smith, Tayvon Young, Sean Wade, Brandon Stevens, and Anthony Avery, too, that's seven already. That's seven already. And then that's not even including the safeties, too. So that might be it right there. We may be done. This part of the conversation may be over. So yeah, so that's seven. I feel like I missed somebody, though. Oh, he talked about Khalil Dorsey, who stepped in last year. Even Marshall, we haven't gotten to see him yet. There was Terrell Bonds, who also stepped in last year. We had a lot of guys. Harris is a safety, so he's in another count with the safety guys. But as far as the corners, yeah. I think the practice squad, they could keep a couple on the practice squad. They could try to keep Terrell Bonds and Khalil Dorsey on the practice squad because they have that NFL experience. And that will be able to keep them around as Justin Case guys, because you know, we don't got to go down memory lane when it comes to the cornerback position. We've been through it, and we don't want to go through it again. So hopefully, we won't have to. Next question now featuring the microphone this time. Can you see we've been doing this for years, but still make silly mistakes? Anyway, next question came from my boy, KT. He said in Raven, if you could add two former Ravens in their prime, one on offense, one on defense, who would those Ravens be? Me personally, I would do Ed Reid and Jonathan Ogden. And we could put Ronnie Stanley at right tackle. Tell me what you think. God bless and go Ravens. Oh, I like this one. Y'all already know. If you know me, you already know who would be for defense.  All day, every day. Ed Reid, to me, he was the best Ravens player ever, ever, ever. Ed Reid was amazing. And I always say that the reason that I feel like Ed Reid was the best Ravens player ever was one, obviously, because of his impact on the team, but his impact once he left the team too. The Ravens have still been looking for that guy at the safety position, at free safety. They've been looking, searching for a long time, and they still have not been able to do it yet. They ain't been able to find it yet. And they continue that search. So I would say Ed Reid. And that's obviously not a shot at Ray Lewis. Ray Lewis was, that dude was a monster, too. He was a monster, too. But it's like Ed Reid is one, and Ray Lewis is 9.9. Well, 0.9, because anyway, Ray Lewis, he's right there. They both neck and neck. And depending on what you like, some people will put Ray Lewis. You can understand why, obviously. But my guy, I would pick Ed Reid, because right now, there's still question marks at the safety position, but he would give us that guy as safety, somebody that could be a game changer. Y'all remember the games where us as Ravens fans was heading into a game? We would look forward to our defense being out there more than an offense. That's why 2014 was so weird. It was very weird. And then, even once Lamar took over, it got even more strange. He was like, whoa, offense? We looking forward to more offense now? And then, I mean, throughout Joe Flacco, it was like we were just looking forward to that defense.  Joe Flacco to Toy Smith, that connection that was just so pretty, man. But a lot of times with Flacco, a lot of times with Kyle Bowler, even sometimes with Steve McNair, man. But Steve McNair, he did pretty good for us that year. But it's just been rough. It's been some ups and downs. It's been some heartaches and pains when it came to the offense throughout the years. But yeah, Erie would be my guy for defense. Now, for offense, ooh, this is a good one. I feel like Marciana is just such an easy answer. I feel like Anquan Bowden would be such an easy answer. I would say Derek Mason. Derek Mason. And I feel like, well, he had his prime as a Raven. I don't even think he was really in his prime when he was with the Ravens, but Derek Mason, because he would fit in exactly to what the Ravens are trying to do right now. And that's implement some route runners at wide receiver. Derek Mason had great hands. He had great heart. He put it out there, man. I loved his play. Remember the Cowboys game? I think of the Cowboys game, their last game in that stadium. Well, that game, oh, I went crazy that game, man. But Derek Mason was playing with a dislocated shoulder, something like that, and still out there balling, man. But the route running was great. That's what we always say. For wide receivers, you could be as fast as you want to. You could be as tall as you want to. You could be able to jump through the roof. But if you ain't got the route runner, none of that's gonna matter. So it would be, that would be my guy for offense. Next question came from my boy, Javo. He said, my brother, Mr. Engraven. My question for you is real simple. Okay, let's see how simple it is. Are you ready for some Ravens football? Yes, I certainly am. I feel like this is going to be a special season, especially with some key players playing on their last contracts. Oh yeah, you know people show out when it's time to get that money, they show out extra. Anyway, he said I'm excited to see our rookies as well this season. Oh yeah, we all are, for sure. How excited are you really about this season? Oh, I'm very excited about it. I'm very excited about it. I'm excited to see what the Ravens do. I'm excited to see them all just put it on the field and just see how the team after a regular off season. We saw what they did the last time, my guy Jamil brought out this point. He said we saw what they did the last time they had a full off season. They went 14 and two. And then when they didn't have an off season, they still went 11 and five. So imagine what this team can do with it for. Anyway, he said, what are your expectations for the team? My expectations for the team would be AFC Championship. Now hopefully they exceed my expectations and blow my expectations out the water, but I expect AFC Championship. So that's what, hopefully I'm wrong. And they be like, you know AFC Championship? No, we going past that. Hopefully they do. They can, but it just depends on so many different things. And they got some big humps. If they gonna even get to the AFC Championship game, they have some huge hurdles to get over this year. Multiple. Obviously they would have to win multiple playoff games. Not just one, but execution gotta be better. Coaching gotta be better. Chiefs, against the chiefs, you got to be better. Against the playoff teams, against the, and with the playoff games, you cannot come out slow. You can't come out slow. And they also have to have a plan B and even a plan C if plan A isn't working. And even if plan A isn't, y'all get my point. But anyway, those are my expectations. And he said, which rookie can't you wait to see outside of Rashad Bateman and why? Outside of, I would say Adafi away. I would say Adafi away just to see his impact as a run stopper, but that speed as a pass rusher. I'm excited to see him on those third and longs when you know it's going to be a passing play. I'm excited to see him out there on that and see, okay, what's he getting ready to do? What's getting ready to happen now? What's Adafi getting ready to do? How's he gonna look? Cause again, he is that first round draft pick. He's raw, but hey, he's with the right coaching staff to make him blossom. And he said, who's your sleeper team this year? Sleeper team, I would say, they like kind of like borderline sleeper cause they were in the playoffs last year but then they got out of the playoffs last year and they were right there. They were so close. I would say the Miami Dolphins. Next question came from a boy, Howard S. He said, what's up in Graven? I was just thinking that training camp is going to be here in no time. And this year we'll get pre-season games. I think this might be the most exciting pre-season NFL history due to the circumstances of last season with the pandemic and all. Very true. I agree. He said, I saw your questions from subscribers video and I agree. I'm looking forward to seeing the depth players play too. That's how under the radar players shine. What are your thoughts on the importance of this year's pre-season? You nailed it already. You nailed it already. This year's pre-season is huge because not having a pre-season took away so many opportunities from so many guys last season but now they're going to get to actually show like, hey, I can play. And they're going to get to show that before the season starts. Because a lot of guys, that's where a lot of guys make the team. Undrafted rookies. Six, seventh round picks, sometimes even fifth round picks. They could be borderline. But then a coach may see them in pre-season to be like, oh, okay. Oh, he got something. I like him. So this pre-season is huge, man. It's huge and we all excited for it. Next question came from a boy, Nick T. He said, I ain't gravy and it's Nick T here with a quick question. My wife surprised me with Bears Ravens Tickets for our first anniversary of Soldier Field. Ooh, that's what's up, man. My wife, she actually been talking about, she wanted to go to that game because her family is from Chicago and Chicago is really nice too. It's a really, really nice city with very, very, very good food. I just hate, hate, hate. It's just so, it's literally windy and the wind makes it like it's so cold. They're like, the last time I went there, it was September and it felt like it was like November, December. For me, again, coming from Florida, for me it was super cold because it was windy. It was like, ooh, but anyway, let's get back to the question. He said, we are from the south side of Chicago. Ooh, okay, hey.  Well, you're from the south side of Chicago. All right, but anyway, he said, I'm a Die Hard Ravens fan and she's a Bears fan. See, my wife, she used to be a Bears fan because of her family in Chicago. So she used to be a Bears fan before she really understood football. But then we started dating in about 2011. And so she was, I was teaching her about football as the season went along. So she was learning more, understanding more and she went through all the heartaches with us, with us in that 2011-2012 season where the Ravens, they did so, and they had been doing really great for prior season. But that season, they went back to the ASC Championship game and was so close. You just knew they were gonna win it over time against the Patriots. But of course, it wasn't a drop by Lee Evans. It was not a drop. I don't know if everybody say it was a drop. It wasn't a drop. Sterling Moore stripped the ball out. A drop is the ball hitting the player in his hands and it dropping. A drop is not the ball hitting the player in his hands and the defender stripping it out. That's not a drop. But anyway, she was there for that. We were watching it at a sports ball live and y'all done heard the story plenty of times before. And I just knew Billy Cundiff was gonna make it. I just knew it. And when he missed like, that is the worst as a football fan because you're one of the final four. Your team is one of the final four. And you're so close. And then it's like, okay, you about to kick this field goal about to go in the overtime. Even though Joe Flacco threw a touchdown, but Sterling Moore made a great play. It's like, okay, let's just go to overtime. I know the Ravens about to win it over time. Cool, let's just kick the field goal. Let's go. Ravens had that momentum. Things were going their way. It's like, all right, let's get it. Then Billy Cundiff missed it. Oh boy, that was pain. But again, my wife was there through that. So we, the following year, we got married on November 3rd. The next day we went to a sports ball to watch the Browns game. The Ravens played the Browns and they won. And then the following week, we were just driving around and we ended up just flying up the Maryland. Just decided to take a random trip and end up going to the Raiders and Ravens game where the Ravens just put all the points on the board against the Raiders. It's like 55 to like, who's school, like 55 to 12 or 13, something like that. 55 to something. And it was nice. But anyway, let's get back to the question. He said, she went all out and got us visitor side tickets near the 50 yard line. Row one, oh, you married the right one. Row, oh, row one, I just, oh my goodness.  You sure got one. Congrats on that, man. Man, I'm high for you now, man. My question for you is, what jersey would you rock with the potential chance of getting autographed? Hope to see you there. I remember you saying your wife is from, oh, see, I should have read this before I started talking. He said, hope to see you there. I remember you saying your wife is from Chicago. This may be one of the last years the Bears are in Chicago. Oh yeah, cause they may be going to the horse racetrack thing and I think was Arlington, I think, something like that. I hope you and the family are doing good and just like the Bears are trying to leave Chicago, I'm out. I appreciate that, Nick. I would say whoever your favorite player is, man. I mean, you could just wear whatever jersey. You could even, what you could do if you just want to be safe and you don't want to potentially offend any players or anything, but I ain't gonna get offended. They all on the same team. You could get a custom jersey. You could wear a custom jersey and whatever players you could get to sign it after the Ravens take care of business against Justin Fields and them, you could just hold the jersey up or you could have on one jersey and have your custom jersey in your hand and be like, oh, can you sign this? And they sign it real quick and then boom. So it's whatever number you put on there. If I got a jersey, if I need to get a custom jersey myself, but if I did get one, I would, I don't know if you can put two different numbers like put one number on the front and put one number on the back cause I'll put 11 on the front and then three on the back. Cause that's me and my wife's wedding anniversary November 3rd. But if you could put, yeah, you could put whatever number and put you and your wife's last name and yeah, man, then get whoever to sign it, get everybody to sign, get as many people to sign it. And then you have all these different autographs all along the numbers and whatnot. So that's what I would do. Or, but me, for whatever game we do go to this year, I'm gonna probably have either Lamar eight jersey or Hollywood five jersey, one of those two. I mean, we got a lot of people from Broward and from Dayton, from Tampa and from Jacksonville from just from all over Florida, but definitely South Florida. There's a lot of them from South Florida. So it'll definitely be one of those for me. But for you, like I say, either custom jersey or just whatever, man, just as long as you're getting a sign cause that's the biggest thing for you. It sounds like it's getting a jersey sign. So I don't even think it even matters which one you with. Another question also came from a guy, Nick T. He said, what do you think has a better chance of happening this year? Lamar winning the MVP again or the Ravens winning the Super Bowl? What are your thoughts? I would say the Ravens winning the Super Bowl. Reason I say that is because there's a lot of recency bias. This could be good and it could be bad. Lamar Jackson, he just won the MVP two years ago. So I do not see them giving him an MVP again, especially since these narratives about this and that, they continue to fly. I just, I don't see them wanting Lamar Jackson to be the NFL's MVP yet another season. So I would say the Ravens have a better chance of winning the Super Bowl, which I wouldn't be mad at. Hey, give the MVP to whoever. I don't care if Ravens win the Super Bowl. I don't care who has MVP. I don't care who got offensive defensive play. I don't care who got players of the year. I don't care who got rookies. I don't care. I would not care. Ravens won the Super Bowl. I'm straight, man. Next question came from my boy, Brian. He said, what's good in gravy and long time? Watch your first time sending the question. I got something to get off my chest.  He said, it feels like the Ravens are the most underrated team in the AFC. Whoa, by who? Well, let me see what you're saying. Cause I don't feel like they are the most underrated. They can be a little, but I don't feel like they're the most underrated at all. But anyway, let's see what you're saying. He said, I know the Browns have a good squad, finally with a competent quarterback. Well, again, Browns, they've been had good squads like every year. Their rosters are fire every year, man. But anyway, let's keep going. They have a lot of good to great pieces. But correct me if I'm wrong. Did the Ravens not sweep them last season and have the exact same record as they did? They certainly did, my friend. They pulled out that broom that they picked up at Costco and they swept those Brownies away. But anyway, he said, I know I'm not crazy, LOL. Matter of fact, I checked pro football stats and Lamar Jackson is four and one against Baker Mayfield going back to our week 17 game against the Browns of 2018. Oh, that was a game right there. How was anyone claiming the Browns are the runaway favorites in the AFC North? This seems like a forced narrative. Now I haven't seen that. I haven't seen people saying that the Browns are the runaway favorites to win the AFC North. Now I could see how they would say that. Based off of the way that last season ended. Of course, when the Steelers played the Browns, Steelers, they whooped up on the Browns. They initially, I think the first game, they whooped up on them. They were just destroying Baker Mayfield and they were just dogging them boys. The second game, it was like right before the end of the season. It was right before playoffs and I believe the Browns beat the Steelers but the Steelers didn't have a lot of their starters in. But then in the playoffs, of course, the Browns, they were like, oh, y'all ain't wanna play y'all starters? Okay, y'all playing y'all starters now and what? So the Browns whooped up on them in the playoffs. So with the Steelers having won the AFC North, I think that's why if you're hearing that, then some people may be like, oh, the Browns, they went AFC North. But yeah, they haven't been able to rock with LeMau and them yet. They haven't been able to rock with the Ravens yet. They did get them in that 2019 year. They got them then. In the M&T Bank Stadium, but Ravens came right back toward the end of the year. They said, oh, wait a minute. We weren't these Ravens yet. And they went and took care of business. And they scored, I remember that game, they scored like two touchdowns in like two minutes with LeMau to Mark Andrews. But anyway, Mark Andrews, that's Mark Andrews in a lot of big games, Mark Andrews. But against the Browns, Mark Andrews go, whoo. We wish we could play the Browns every week. Mark Andrews would be the best tight end in football. But anyway, he said, when combined with the low key diss in the Ravens, we've gotten from PFF, about the running backs in QB position mostly. The Bucky Brooks clickbait and goof truth. He said, goof truth reporting. It's hard as a Ravens fan not to feel like there's more to this than just football. I was even watching NFL Network recently and they had a panel on to discuss the most complete rosters in the NFL and the Browns were number one. They did say the Ravens were likely number two, contenders in the North, but come on, if another traditional quarterback had LeMau's win-loss record and touchdown interception ratio, he would have been heralded, ooh. So my question is, are the Ravens the most underrated team in the AFC, heading into the 2021 season? Thanks and keep it clean. That is a great question with so many different points. And yeah, initially I was like, whoa, most underrated? Nah, I don't know, but then after reading it, I still don't feel like they would be the most underrated team. But I feel like the word is not even underrated. It's just being a tad bit slept on, a tad bit. Well, so I guess you could say a little bit underrated, but I cannot say most underrated. I can't say that at all. With the Ravens, the thing about them is that victims are their own success. They're victims of their own success. The fact that they have been doing so good, doing so great in the regular season, people are like, okay, we expect them to get 12, 13 wins. Now, this year's a 17 game season, so maybe they may have them at still about, yeah, 12, 13 wins, maybe even 14, we'll see. But the thing about it now is the playoffs. Now Browns, Browns roster is stacked and they are an established type of stacked. So I can see when people rate the Browns roster, not the team, but the actual roster, better than the Ravens, I'm like, oh, okay. I wouldn't see why anybody would get upset about that because while LeMoy has been better than Baker Mayfield, the only thing that Baker Mayfield has on him is passing yards, everything else besides that, LeMoy got it. But anyway, so quarterback position is LeMoy, but running back position, you have two established number one running backs, Nick Chubb and Kareem Hunt with J.K. Dobbins. He's nice, Gus Edwards is nice, but J.K. Dobbins, he's on the come up. He was a rookie last year. So we expect him to be like phenomenal, but he's still got a lot to prove and he's got to establish that consistency. Again, we expect it, but he's still got to show it. It's still got to deliver. Offensive line, Ravens sign, Alejandro Villanueva. They also brought in Kevin Zitler. Ronnie Stanley should be coming back from injury. And then the left guard position, that's a question mark cause I believe Zitler is expected to play right guard. The center position, Bradley Bozeman's going back to center, first time playing center in the NFL. So while we expect the Ravens offensive line to be better, it's still question marks there. So, but Browns, you look at Browns offensive line, they had one of the best offensive lines in the league last year, and they're bringing everybody back. So that's why you could put the offensive line roster above the Ravens cause Ravens offensive line is not proven yet. They have some proven guys on there, but also some unproven guys. So it's a question mark. Then wide receivers. Yeah, they signed Sammy Watkins, he's off injured. Hopefully he stays healthy this year. We know what he's capable of. With Hollywood, we know what he can do. They drafted Rashal Bateman unproven. He's a rookie. But then you look at Browns, they got Odell Beckham Jr. coming back. We know what he can do already. He's established. Jarvis Landry coming back. We know what he can do already. He's established. He gave him a point. So, and then we don't have to go through every single player in every single position on the roster, but when you look at the Browns roster, they are stacked, stacked. So, but as far as the team, they've had stacked rosters, like we said, but the Ravens are still been taking care of business. And hopefully they continue to do that. But even if the Ravens may be a little bit underrated, even if they are being slept on a bit, that's what we like. That's what we like. We don't want the Ravens to be like, everybody, oh, we expect the Ravens in the Super Bowl, da, da, da, da. No, don't push them too high. Now there's some stuff where they be disrespecting them now. You know, we'll call that out. But it's all good. It's all part of the game, man. So Ravens, they got to show up in the playoffs, especially. Man, they of course got to take care of business regular season, but playoffs is where the biggest question marks lie. So, let's see how they do this here and hopefully they can get it done.


All right, so hey, I'm Collie from Talk of the Town and today we have Jungle Top from Who's Outside and we're gonna just talk hip hop. So tell the people a little bit about Who's Outside and what you guys do and things like that. Okay, so Who's Outside is a interview podcast and a promotion platform for artists. I'm somebody who's been in the game doing, helping artists promote and work and gain notoriety, going to whatever next level that they wanna go to for like last 10 years, started with a company called Jungle State where I did national collegiate music competitions, had artists battling, had Joe Budden host the first like big national collegiate music competition with C. Hall vs. Rutgers. And then I just been working around so then probably about 2019, 2020, we started to write like a show up. The original show was called The School Card but it was too like, I'm a nerd, it was too numbery, we tossed that out. And we wrote up Who's Outside because the premise of Who's Outside was me noticing all the artists that I've ever worked with, all the people that I've ever successful people I've met. When you hear the key to their stories, nine times the 10 is that they just woke up the next day and kept going. They just kept working, kept being outside, just kept putting that foot forward. Some people wouldn't even, don't even know exactly what they're gonna do or what they're doing, but they put, they wake up and they saying, I'm gonna put my best foot forward. So those are usually the people who change this world and whatever way you wanna say positive or negative. So Who's Outside to me is, I wanted to set up a podcast and an interview platform to talk to all the people, big or small, who shape and change this earth, whether it be in music, health, whatever. And it has got to take a while. So you're not like strictly music, you tap into everyone that's like this. Right, right, so like I've done, yeah, so we did like a LMAO pod tape and our first podcast is the coin phrase I think pod tape where I just dropped a collection like my own little mixtape or interviews we did.  And where I talked to them and they talked about their position to how they got to where they're at and how they feel about the comic gaming and how it's changed from social media and how the new stars are versus the old gen. A lot of my show too is a lot, it may seem like old gen versus new gen conversations. Thank you. But the reason why I like to talk and aim it, even direct it like that is to so they can see people who are working in grinding need to see what the people who got their thought process were. Cause everything is gonna change. That makes sense. But the thought process to success stays the same.  Yeah, cause if you watch a lot of interviews they highlight a lot of things that artists say from years ago that's still relevant now. Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. And when it comes to also the who's outside section of the interviews, the reason why I like to talk to a lot of the up and coming rappers is when you never know, that's the one thing about hip hop. We never know who's gonna be who.  And I like to talk to, all of these guys said they're all important because I think talking to them at their amateur stage before they become this mega giant and their mind changes and shapes to being a millionaire and being a new platinum artist, et cetera. Hearing how they think at a raw function and getting that interview footage and seeing how their brain transitions after is a big thing to be able to see so we can all glimpse to see. See the growth in the artist. Yeah, and these are like little paths to being able to get on. It's really, I think that there's no pamphlet to getting on and getting high or doing anything successful, but there's tips and hints. Yeah, there's no plan. Yeah, and I think that's what we could do here, like that's my goal. So, how do you feel about the music scene overall right now? Music scene overall in general. In New York City, let's say, in the Tri-State. New York City music scene overall. I am, anybody who knows me, I live in North Carolina. I travel up and down the coast all the time.  I think there was a long time when the South had their run and I was in the South and everybody was talking trash and the Migos and everybody, these guys just had a wave of energy and they were like, yeah, Atlanta, this is how you take over the game. And then the change functions after Chicago has their run. And I just feel like New York, our time is now. The ball has come back and I love, shh, man, the whole drill scene. My favorite artist is like Fabio. Favorite artist? Some of my favorite in the New York City drill scene. We don't get into that. We don't get into who's the favorite and all that stuff. So do you feel like when they say, oh, New Yorkers stole it from Chicago? Like, what do you think about that? Okay, so I think waves, I think music and everything is, if you understand it just like fashion, everybody kind of came up with a style from somebody else. And I think that people have argued that the right and the wrong is, but my belief is that Chicago and their rap style came from actually the same, if you, Tom, when Philly was rapping in the YouTube era and Philly Reed Dollars and all these guys were rapping in the camera and they had this kind of aggressive style in the camera. Go fast forward, go to the Chicago drill scene with Joe Jones and they put it on wax. I think it's the same kind of Philly roll style and Philly guys got that from the smack, which ever joined us from New York. So if you asked me, the Chicago drill scene kind of originates from a New York mini school of drill. So I think it's all just full circle. So no, I don't think, I think it's a different form and I don't think it's copy and I think it's a different form of drill and same reality that we all been talking. Yeah. Yeah. I get what you're saying. You think, I mean, yeah, I don't think, I don't think. I mean, I don't feel like it's copy and I feel like we definitely added our own source to it. Yeah. I don't know like where the influence started. I wasn't sitting here and say like, yo, I didn't see the Philly people doing it. I definitely started seeing when Chicago was doing it. Yeah. Man, I think it's important to say Chicago, not Chicago created a very, very important music scene to themselves and that helped a lot of their artists get to where they are today. And I don't take anything from that because I think it was a sub genre that hadn't been created. I take nothing from Chicago. I think they're the originators of a drill sound that's heard today. They're the originators? I think you can say that they are the originators of the coin sound of drill. Yeah, on wax drill, whatever we term of drill. Yeah, you can say that they're the original on wax drillers high intensity beat, rapping about a certain beef caliber in a dish form. Yeah, definitely. I don't think it was purposely. I think there was literally just wrapping like their circumstances and stuff like that. I don't think it was like intentional. If that makes sense. Well, what about, I agree. No, I agree. I'm not, I don't think that, I know, I don't think they were young kids. I don't think that they woke up. It's intentional. Artists wake up like, yo, I'm gonna be a drill artist. I felt out there. It was more so a lifestyle. Cause it hadn't been created yet. But I feel like that was already living it and they're just wrapping their truth. Whereas to here, it's more so of a trend. I mean, I'm not gonna say it's trending for everyone, but I think that a lot of people that are. Okay, so here's my thing. Here's our drill artist because it's trending. Cause I have a lot of artists. They drill hard, but here's my thing though. Well, they start drill. They start drill. Well, here's my thing though. When you say that though, when a drill artist and drill scene, right? Drill scene has to make up a body of people, right? It's not gonna be just one in two people that make up a scene. But once one scene, once one or two people go, everyone else follows suit. That's how the scene comes out. First it was one person, then it became a group. And also too, can we talk about it too, is style of music. If an artist decides to say they're gonna make a, decide like a style of drill rap, they've already, I think that right there is conscious enough to be able to say that that's its own music. Cause if they want to be, make Bible music, religious music. What would be Bible music? Religious music. They're all weak. Religious music. If they wanted to make, if they wanted to make music about anything else. They would have to find some religious artist, right? And try to see how it even started before they jump into that lane, right? But you gotta do research first, right? That's all I'm saying. Yeah. Yeah. I agree. Are you saying that there's influence? The reason these artists, cause you're trying to, are you saying that these artists are waking up saying that I'm gonna make a drill sound and rap? Even though, cause they're influenced by the music only and not the lifestyle? Yeah. For New Yorkers, for a show up. Well you, huh? I feel like it's happening, huh? You like it? Yeah, I'm about to say like, when you interviewing, I don't know what you're talking about. But nah, but what I'm saying is, you interview people just like me, right? When you hear people's songs, and then you meet them, ain't it a whole different vibe? Yeah.  They be like, I don't wanna do this, it's just hot right now, but I'm not just stepping to this, right? Yeah. Oh, yeah, that's all okay. Drill is a style of music that can be done, like correct me if I'm wrong, right? Don't some artists come out, rapping aggressively, and then they turn into like autotune music, right? When they try to go like pop mainstream, they start to do different versions from broader audience, right? Yeah. Like artists change to get broader audience for broader markets. Everybody knows that drill market isn't that big. It's obvious. You can't, you're not gonna, it's gonna be hard to really... Can't be a mega drill star. You're not gonna be, or... So, anybody thinking that? You can't. A mega drill star? Whoa, I mean. You can't hold, name them.  Drake. Who could be a Drake doing drill? Nobody. It's so early though, because who knows what pop smoke career could have been? Who knows who it's so early. So, it's who it is though? It's so early. Pop smoke right there. Pop smoke, rest in peace. What's gonna make that market feel like? He was, he was... Who is breaking the doors now? Again, we agree that you, I know we... He was breaking the doors now, I agree. And there's not too many of them who, we would say who have that same market ability, but pop smoke, if there is one to have it, what pop smoke was able to show is that you, that it could get to a big audience. So being that he's no longer with us, what do you think the fate of the drill scene will be? Oh, I think it'll have his run two, three, four years. I think it'll do another two, three, four years. Yeah, good. Time, time, time, no. It has to, it still has to burn out. It has to get the people, it hasn't, some people still haven't heard it yet. You have to give them a chance to hear it. It's drooling every language now. This UK drill, it's Australian drill, it's Italian drill, it's like a Spanish drill. Like, I feel like everybody heard it. Two years minimum, four years, if we get some, I think that's a reach. Here's what I'm saying, would you have said that if pop smoke was alive right now, thriving? I had to see what he was gonna do. Like, because he didn't serve, and that's what I'm saying. Well, as far as it's hard for a drill artist to be a megathon, because drill is a lot of conflict, right? Pop smoke got held back because of conflict, nothing else, you know what I'm saying? So even trying to break those barriers, still avoiding street, legal issues, well actually it's kind of hard to even excel that far.  One, two, start problems, problems. Okay, cannot, all right. So I really, I gotta go there. I gotta go there, even though people gonna hate that, I gotta go there to bring it up, but let's go to it.  But let's just go there. Your boy Snitchnon gets on, does his thing, he starts to blow up, pre-rat days. He goes, does his thing, he starts to catch on, right? He's blowing, making, making charts, right? And drill-like videos, especially CUDA, these are drill-like, if not intensity, so drill-like videos, okay? Snitchnon had shitloads of legal issues, some of the worst, right? Even earlier on. And he got locked up. Hold on. Ebro goes on air one day and reads the letter that he got from the law enforcement about 69, and he reads the letter, and the law enforcement states that they were gonna let Danny go because he had reached such a pinnacle in his career, and they thought he was gonna move away. But things have gotten too much, and it's outside his hands. And Ebro reads this on air. And my whole point premises is that, even though you're saying that they come with a lot of drama, and they come with a lot of things, maybe, but for the ones that are stars, and the ones that can prove to be worth it, all of, none of that will be relevant, and none of that will matter because the stardom will break through, period. And I think Pops, I hate, and that's why I hate to bring up the guy, but Pop Smoke and him were only close to real mainstream success that we can really touch and see, and be able to end the culture. Facts. That. I don't think, I think even if the legal stuff didn't happen, I don't think 6ix9ine would have, I don't know, to me, he was doing, we was over him though.  If his marketing was drama, you know what I'm saying? But remember, we said, the Pop Smoke market was creativity, sample. Like Pops don't give us so many varieties of marketing rather than where 6ix9ine was, I'm a troll, I'm a drop, I'm a troll, I'm a drop. And I feel like that's where we lack right now in the drill scene. It's the trolling and dropping. It's like, besides that though, what else? You know what I'm saying? I agree, I agree, I agree. I think does the drill scene lack creativity? Yes. Agree, 100%. All right, I'm glad we agreed on that. Okay, so, what should I call that? All right, so another topic. Jersey artists slept on by New York City. What do you think about that? Ooh, let me ask you, Mr. Chicken, you like Mr. Chicken? Yeah. Like, I'll be out? I'm not a super fan. I like Beto, I like, I don't know that much Jersey artists. I ain't got one. And this is my question. I'm getting it soon. They're the six borough, damn it. Jersey City is closer to Manhattan than the Bronx. And I think that there's artists in Jersey City have been cosigned, have, man, have large amounts of content, shows, Drophin and content, artists from Desana Boys, all the way, the list can go. Coil Ray from Jersey, I'm just not sure. Coil Ray is from Jersey, Coil Ray is from Jersey. No, but this is what we're saying. We talked about that, right? In the town, he was out there, right? When we was, Feddy, Feddy, oh, Su-Surf, you know, they have artists, they have. Jersey has artists. Again, you have, you know. I just feel like lack of support. But I ain't gonna lie, when I speak to Jersey artists, they make it seem like it's the trenches out there. I feel like we in the trenches in Brooklyn, so they make it sound worse.  It's a little, it's, I don't wanna, I hate to say which one is more trenchy because everybody has their time. Yeah, I don't wanna get into a lot, but. But, Nourke is definitely trenchy. It's definitely has its sides, but they definitely, Jersey has a scene and they have a lot of creativity. And that's why I think that when you see a chicken, how we a-surf, a-feddy, it's like, how could we ignore, and they right there, and there's so much talent. No, I don't feel like ignoring them. I feel like they're tired of reaching their hand. And that's what I'm saying. I feel like I gotta reach my hand in my city constantly, constantly, constantly. Now I gotta reach to a whole other city, constantly, constantly, constantly. It's like, at this point, I'm just gonna keep grinding until it comes. And I feel like that's what, I feel like that's just a tri-state area thing, though. Like, we don't, like, accidentally. Do you bring, do you bring Jersey on, do you have a lot of Jersey artists on your platform? Have you had a few? I'm posting a lot more now. Like, since I did chicken interview, I'm not gonna lie, like, a lot of Jersey has been reaching out, so I've been finding out more, connecting with more. I've been going to shows out there now, trying to see, like, crew style and stuff. So I'm trying to get into that scene. I just found out that they got a blog page just, like, talking to town with them, sounds like so. I think that's lit. I followed them or whatever. But it's no, like, real way to fly on Jersey artists. You have to just go out there and see what's the way. But I feel like Jersey artists scare us away when they be like, yo, it's really bad out there. I was like, damn, I don't even wanna go there. So, I don't know. So then also, let's really talk about it, too. If Jersey, if, especially when you talk about the drill scene, right, in New York drill, if you talk about some of Jersey- How did the peak of the drill? Yo, come on. And then Jersey has so many different creatives. And I think about New York. Here's how I feel for artists, creatives, everybody. The reason why I think about more about Jersey is that when we think about going places, I know you're probably like, well, I'm gonna have an interview. Where's a new place setting I could get? Everybody, we need to expand to Jersey because of it's another option and just being another form of creativity. And I think about, just like watching, I see NY drill, when all these artists post, NY drill posts is every song that comes out every day. NY drill posts is a song, and I know this.  Somebody from Jersey, somebody from South Carolina, somebody from North Carolina. They have been, they haven't been a lot, but I see artists are trying to, the most, the most person I see do, the most New York features is Daydo though. Like Daydo doesn't tap in with almost every New York person. Daydo's the only artist who stood me up, by the way.  I just, no, go ahead, no, go ahead. No, cause I'm just thinking of artists that are like connecting over the bridge. Yeah, I know. Only him. Oh, I see, and chicken, and chicken. Like that has like real new, oh, turf, the Neek Bucks, but that's years later, Neek Bucks been rapping for a long time. So it's like. Do you feel like, all right, so do you feel like New York has the hottest artists in the country right now? Is that what we're saying? No. You don't think these are, you don't think these are some of the hottest artists in the country right now? Cool. Favio Tutu G's, Chef G, Ron Suno. Hotest artists in the country? Dusty Locain? Country? Nah. Damn, why you doing this to me? No shade, but like country, that's big, like. Yo, but like, all right, here's what people, here's what people- For me, it's like- But like, let's break it down, go to the states, how many states are, go, let's go to the states and go down. How many, what state has this many names that we can name that are rocking with decent to good, how have you rated music that is- I feel like we just feel like that because we live here though. I feel like we feel like that because we live here though. I feel like in North Carolina it's, before the baby, now it's Susie, now it's kind of Vegas. Three. I don't live there, so I don't know. But here's what I'm saying though, when you checking these other markets though, most markets- When I'm checking these other markets, I'm looking for artists that's under Tussie. Yeah. Like when people come here, automatically hit Chef Fabio. It's so many other artists under these people, right? Agreed. That have to get there first. Agreed. Where do I find those people? You know what I'm saying? Like, we don't know. Agreed. So for us to say, yo, New York got the hottest out of all, it's like, we know that because we live here. It's artists under those artists. But here's what I'm saying though, you see how you said Chef and Fabio because they're already at the level they got to? Yeah. Why when you go to these places, you cannot name as many names as you name as a Chef or Fabio. I feel like it's good though. You think that as many players, and they have the same number? And again- Like Atlanta, and Atlanta too. Texas, like it's not other places. Texas is hot. Texas has an extreme artist. How could you say that though? It's like, damn. But again though, just again, I love again. So let's get, let's get, first off, North Carolina's got besides the baby and the stunner for Vegas, Tusi two times and everybody in the BDB camp. That's North Carolina. North Carolina has a Maury and all these, a whole different sound to meet music. I don't know, I forget it right, but yeah. But let's now, let's really go to it. When you start talking about Florida, right? Florida is the calling- Young and ace in those guys, right? Yes. Young and ace. I love young and ace. Young and ace, Fujian, no hot boy. Spottum, Gotham, Fredo Bain. I don't think Fredo is from Chicago. But yeah, like- You think that those artists are hotter than the five we named? You think those cities, those artists are hotter than those guys, right there? Honestly? I feel like this is never gonna end, bro. Okay, go. Go to the next question. I just, I think, here's what I think. Here's just what I think. When you talk about music- You know how many people read this beatbox? Like, I'm just trying to say, I'm not pushing it right now. That's one record. It's one record. It's one record. Everybody was fuckin' wet. It's one record. It's one record. Big drip. Like, his beatbox is his big drip. Bobby threw a hat in the air and was on Movies with Kevin Hart afterward. Okay, but I'm just sayin' like, we not gonna sit here and say like, I don't feel like we got the hottest artists in the country. I feel like we have the strongest hustlers. That's even a term. The strongest hustlers? I feel like once we hustle in New York, we excel anywhere else. Yes, agree. And that could be also the perspective, I think. I think what it takes and what it has to do to get hot in New York. Because the Spottom got him, nigga.  But he just dropped a song after that. He was pushing that song for damn near what? Nine months. Yes, yes. So like, it's like easier to get that branch off. Whereas to here, we got to keep hustling. Yes. So that's why I feel like we're stronger. That's why we have to hustle. And that's what makes us stronger when we excel everywhere else. But hottest in the country. And also too, do you not feel like, and this in my opinion. And after this, it's gonna go on.  No more. My question is, do you not think that the brands that these are, some of these are artists in general, Chef G. Ronsuno, the ones that are. The brands that they're building. Do you not think that the brands that they're building are some of the more already tailored for bigger mass media markets? Like remember when the baby popped and he was like, okay, his brand's already ready for big mass media. Do you not feel like these guys are more angled and ready for big mass media versus like Holyoke, Spottom got him, dudes in Florida. That's what I mean. That's what I mean. They hustled to get that, right? But I feel like out here, once we're stamped, we're comfortable. As far as like, we're not reaching out no more. Once our foundation is set and we're generating money and we all situated. We're not reaching out no more. We're just gonna keep working on what we already got going on. Once we got a system, we definitely stay on our system. But I feel like out there, they be yearning for more. Like I feel like out there is just like, I'm gonna keep going, I'm gonna keep going, I'm gonna keep going even though. Yo, and I really just got to state it. I have to, I just got to lead us one more time too. It's that being around in these different areas, Adam, you know we've been on the road. We go into North Carolina, South Carolina. We go down to VA, Atlanta. Yo, besides Atlanta, not Atlanta, but Georgia. Besides Atlanta, Atlanta's of course a different market, but Georgia, when you get around these areas, a lot of these artists don't know half the thing. A lot of these. That's what I said, we're the strongest hustlers. I feel like. Man, man, like, yo, there's some, dude, there's dudes brands who are not ready. No, I get it. Cause I go to Atlanta and I see it too. Like, it's so much opportunity just sitting next to them. And then just like skipping past it.  We're asked to here, we're like, yo, it's over there, yo, it's over there, yo, it's over there. That's how, that's how I feel like we're the strongest hustlers. And again, Brooklyn, just like Brooklyn has a lot of artists. I think you take some of them Brooklyn artists that you like, like some people don't never talk about. I think that healthy chill, even going to select some artists like in the Bronx.  These dudes, if they were in Midwest or they did these things and they would Fergie, if Fergie baby would have had the cookout he had in Harlem in the Midwest or in downtown somewhere, he'd be a mega star cause he'd be a hometown hero. So I think that that's why when I say the importance is cause when you look at like a brand like a Fergie baby or even a healthy chill, these dudes are ready now. They might not have all the streams and all the public on them. And that's cause it's a music game. They got, you got to get the records. That's just the game. But some of these dudes' brands are so ready that it's crazy to me that they're on the sideline versus when you go to other states and other places. For me, it's just a consistency. Like your team could be A1, but if y'all not consistent.  You know who outside. So who do you think is top five in the city right now on the ground? All right, so I'm gonna definitely split it between girls and guys. Top five females. I don't care who y'all. If you pay attention to the underground scene, you cannot not see native dancer, young Devin, dream doll off the rip. I don't know what's up with. Billie, Billie B. I love Kate Goddess, yo. I think Kate Goddess is a brand too. I know he's gonna say her. I love Kate Goddess, bro. I think she's a brand. But like, I was just watching on Kate Goddess Day. She's been the most consistent female artist. And it's like, when we talk about music business, music is nice and everything, but she understands we here to work and sell and make, get consumers and to sell products. And she understands this as a whole. I like Kate Goddess. The records, that's not my opinion, but I'm gonna definitely say I love Kate Goddess as a brand as well. I love her brand itself.  Top five dudes. Let's go with, controversial city. Let's go with number one. I'm gonna have to go with, yo, number one, if we being real, I just love all the drillies and all these dudes. I love all the drills. I love Kate Flock. I love D-Thing. I love, man. I think Young Zay is good. I think Young Zay can rap. Young Zay is like a borderline to me. Borderline. I think he puts on for the Bronx well. I feel like he's so polished. He could be a nation artist like tomorrow. You wanna know what it is though?  So, but I mean, again, I think Zay is good. I think Zay good. I got Kate Flock, a D-Thing. Let me go too. Keep it uptown. Of course, that's what I said. I definitely know, I know, I gotta go, I gotta go. I'm listening, I'm listening. Yo, bro, if you really, if you're listening, like, yo, two, six AR, man.  Two, six AR's like just jumped into one of my favorites because it's consistency. Fuck, so many motherfuckers about to DM me. So many motherfuckers about to DM me. I know I miss so many. Who you been hearing all summer, like, all getting into summer? Who you keep hearing? Yo, bro, I like Moolak Jeeze too. I like Moolak Jeeze. You just kept it all uptown. I like Moolak Jeeze. Yeah, I'm a Bronx dude, bro. I'm a Bronx dude. I'm a Bronx dude. I'm uptown, I love it. I love, yo, but you, because listen, because you said also underground, because I just wanna say this, the top dudes, of course, I can't name five of yo's chef and these dudes. No, but it's mad underground.  I'm not sleeping on K-Flock. K-Flock, deep thing, K-Flock and deep thing, I'm like OP, I like mad other people. OP, so wait, hold on. OP is top five as far as image and brand. OP needs two, three more records for real. Move Dolly and... But you just said, God, it's for her brand too. So, come on, let's talk about impact influence. He got Lil Scott with Bobby Schmurder, like. But that's what I'm saying, OP is somebody who can be He doesn't have to... Right. A K-Flock, a link to Lil Scott. Like, come on. Again, OP is such a, the way I just watched OP's brand, I think OP is gonna be way more successful in the industry, just being his brand. I don't know about the music. I'm not sure about the hits. Well, that's his golden lift, though. I think he's just really good as a music brand. I don't know if OP needs, I see, you see what he did with Lil Scott? Like, I like the way he moves people. I like the way he helps brands. I like the way he cross-counters. I don't know if the music and being a, it's not, everybody's not meant to be the next Drake. But I think OP could be very successful in his game, in general, as a brand. I don't think he plans on rapping for it. I wouldn't please set that in an interview. OP, right, yeah. I don't, I think he understands the game. I don't, if you understand the game, I don't see why would you not wanna be behind the scenes. That's just my personal opinion. That's why I was behind the scenes. Yeah, I mean, that's why I'm just behind the scenes, dude. Yeah, but yeah, so that's who's hot to top five, slash 10. Okay, it was like, mm-hmm, mm-hmm, mm-hmm. Yeah. But you might see us back together again one day, right? Yes, yes, yes. So we were to find you, we were to find your page, platform followers. Yes, yeah, so artists tap in with me. Jungletar, who's outside? Who's outside is the platform on IG, on YouTube? Who's outside? Podcasts, interviews out now. Knuckles Brim, got Blackboard by CJ for a million dollars. Question mark, match me interview out now.