Funding for Painting Journeys is provided by Veritas. Financial knowledge is power. Be empowered. God's beauty is all around us and my goal as an artist is to capture and interpret that beauty on canvas and to take you, the viewer, along with me on this painting journey. Hello and welcome to Painting Journeys. My name is Kitty Linn-Clish and once again we're going to journey across the canvas. I took a very special trip, a three-week road trip with my granddaughters and my son and for the next few episodes we're going to be giving you some highlights of the places that we stopped. But before we go there, I want to just show you how I completed the Covered Bridge. In our last episode I was working on the Covered Bridge in Suamanko, Wisconsin. Now Covered Bridges are soon becoming a thing of the past so this was a real find to come upon one that was so in such good shape and it looked like it had been refurbished and the land around it, everything just seemed to have a beautiful glow and even though it was right across the street from the new zoo in Suamanko I chose to paint the Covered Bridge for you. So there it is, all finished up for you. I hope you like it. And now let me tell you a little bit about the Petrified Forest. We traveled along, we went through Missouri of course and different places, getting to Arizona and we weren't going to really stop here at the Petrified Forest. We weren't going to stop, it was just kind of like a last minute decision to stop but I'm really glad we did because I found out some really interesting information I want to share with you. So here we are and off in the distance now looking at the photograph, now I must tell you that this photograph does not do the area justice because it was so much more colorful and more beautiful but it was the best one I could take. But anyway off in the distance up in here behind this particular area right in through here is the painted desert and you can see that. In 1907, well I guess it was about 1888, settlers came upon this area and petrified trees and the painted desert and then in 1907 President Roosevelt turned it into a national park which without his having done that we wouldn't have lost a lot of the beauty that we have in the United States today. So anyway, this what we're going to be painting today, what I chose as my subject to paint today for you is the petrified or the, it's called the granite bridge and it's a tree that perhaps as far back as 200 million years ago was in a swamp like area wetlands and floods came and it was buried and more things happened and layers upon layers upon layers until finally it actually turned into granite. It's totally petrified. This right under here is a cement girder that they put underneath the tree to try to help keep it from breaking. As the, well as I'm showing you in this picture right now the water running under this has washed away this area down below here and it will eventually wear all of this away, you know, maybe in thousands of years. The water is the one thing that nature cannot control. It keeps changing our landscapes wherever. So anyway, this is the granite bridge and some cliffs and things and so I better get busy and I'll talk to you more about what I saw there as we go along. Okay, don't want that to be quite so dark but I do love the purple in the sky and I'm going to just try to work a little faster here so that I can get to the good part. Yeah, that's where we want to go to the good part. We'll have that little bit of blue swirling through here. I think that's the most yummy color of blue. Yeah, I have just a regular palette today. It's just, you know, my usual palette, I never vary. I think each artist has their own that they really like and work with. They become used to, they know what to expect. You put the colors together and you know what to expect and that's very important to an artist to be able to determine beforehand or have some idea beforehand just what the outcome is going to be. Otherwise it just becomes a series of happy accidents and a few of those are wonderful but you don't want to base your whole painting on them. That's for sure. So anyway, we had a wonderful time. This was such an informative, great trip. It was a chance for my granddaughters, they're 12 and 9 and my son who was soon going to be 45 and it was a chance for all of us to bond and what else do you do when you're in the car for 8, 10, 12 hours a day? But it was wonderful. I had some second thoughts on this whole trip but I wanted the girls to have the opportunity that their dad and their uncle had when we lived in California. Every year we'd drive back to Wisconsin to see relatives and those boys were always being taken every summer on this road trip and the sad part about the road trip is of course we were younger and young family and would have to travel really fast and drive straight through and there was no stopping at a park or anything like that. It just wasn't, there wasn't time and so I wanted my granddaughters and my son to see what they'd been missing by taking the time and doing it right and seeing what they had been missing. Okay, I really like that sky.  So I'm going to lighten that just a little bit more but before the paint sets up I'm going to take my soft brush and I'm just going to gently stroke down because the sky goes down and around so you naturally want the paint brushes, the paint brushing strokes rather to not go across because that catches the eye. So if I want this to go way back and look very far back I'll show you what I do. It's very lightly, very, very lightly run this brush.  There we go and then wipe it and hit it again just a couple in a couple of places and there. Now it really looks like it's going down and around behind the sky, I mean behind the land since the world is round and not flat that sky has to go down and around and behind. Okay, now we're going to get into that desert a little bit but first of all we have this very blue, dark looking Mesa right back in here and to explain this a little bit to you what I have done here is I've done a very rough sketch sort of in the colors that I plan on using.  I just sort of mapped it out on my canvas to make sure that what I was going to get it. I didn't include everything because there may be some things on the canvas that I don't include in the picture that I don't include in the canvas. Okay, can you tell I'm excited today? I am excited, I'm sorry. I'm stumbling over my words a little bit. Okay, here we go. Now we're going with that Mesa and it's way back there and it's nice and light. We don't really see it a lot and then there's a little bit of dark that's coming back here and we get a different brush and I'm just going to come over this and soften that down and there again that gives it the feel that it's way back there. No hard edges in the back. There we go, nice and soft. Alright, now we have the painted desert. I'm painting from the back forward so I want to get some of that desert in there. Now I'm going a little brighter than what you see here in the photograph because I was there and I know that that's the way it looked so that gives me a nice opportunity to... Well, and not only that, but you know, if we were going to make a photograph, copy this photograph, it wouldn't really be very pretty because photographs... If you want a photograph, you use a camera just like I did up above. There we go, now we've got a painted desert started in there. You don't need much. Just a little touch here and there. There we go. Some darks maybe. There should we lighten it a little bit. Yeah, maybe we should lighten it a little bit. There we go, okay. Yeah, that looks nice. Alright, now we have this dark, this dark kind of a green line and it's light coming right here. Let me see here. Let's mix up some nice light and I see I didn't put one color on my palette that I need. So let's see how ingenious I can be and try to make that color with the colors that I do have on my palette. Maybe that's not too bad. Right in here, we have a little bit of light and of course there's a lot of green stuff and dark stuff. This should be a little lighter. A little trees and cactus, not cactus but brush-like. This really isn't considered like the desert where you have the cactuses in Arizona. This is more just like high country, high plains country. So that's coming down there like so and this is coming up here like so and that's coming down. There was a building there that had been partially restored and it was this large lodge. It seems as though people had been inhabiting this area for as far back as they can tell right now for 1300 years and this large lodge at one time had over a hundred rooms in it and 200 plus people lived in it. That was really interesting to see. There were other things too. There were smaller buildings that were there and just sitting there I don't know if these were restored or what but they were interesting little interesting little buildings that were around and just kind of nestled in these little gullies and creek beds and it was really quite the place. I think one of my favorite stops as we drove through this and you know it's right off of I-40 so it's really very easy to get to. The park you only drive 27, 28 miles south to get to it and it makes a nice circle right out. Anyway, one of the places that I thought was really great was this, they call it newspaper rock and it had all these rocks that had crumpled and crumbled and fallen down and everything but the way they had fallen you could still see the petroglyphs the writings that were etched into the rocks by the natives that had lived there at that time. So I'm showing you right now I'm showing you a picture of the sign that shows the different symbols that are carved on the rock that is down below that we're looking at and now I'm showing you a picture of a close-up of the actual rock it's very interesting how to think what tools must they have used to carve into the rocks like this and make these petroglyphs and the stories that they must tell the symbols, what do they stand for? Of course there's a hand and a circle and you can read a lot into it if you have a good imagination. I think that a very, very interesting place a wonderful place. Alright now let me focus back on this a little bit here. We have a dark rock up here in the distance but he has a little bit of red to him. See now and he's coming up above right in there. Needs to be darker so that he shows a little bit better. Whoa, too dark to cut that guy down. By taking a flat brush and laying it down I softened the paint and made it go into the I'm working on canvas board. Now I want to put a little bit of a but anyway I pushed it in and made it look a little better. Now I'll put a little bit of orange on the side of it here to show that he's there. Okay and I want to darken the bottoms of these trees a little bit here and then there's some more right over in here a little bit up in there and then there's quite a grouping right in here. So we'll just kind of scumble it on we're trying to work fast because we want to give you something that well actually I can't wait to get to the to the granite bridge. I just think that's so cool when I saw the sign that said granite bridge I said to my son oh stop here stop here we have to stop here I want to see that. There we go. I think that as I'm coming forward I'm seeing that I want a little more color in that desert back there in the painted desert a little more color in there. There we go. That should come down like that and then I think what I'm going to do is take my knife and scrape up a nice amount of paint here. Can you hear that scratchy sound? I know it sounds awful doesn't it like fingernails on a blackboard. There we go. Okay now I think what I'm going to do here is I want to take this and make that look more like the desert there and have that come up there so that we can see that the other is beyond it. Then I'm going to wipe this out right in here and there's that green brush. Okay now we've got more but we've got some trees that have a little bit of purple in them. That's good. Whoops. Just started a new pile here. They look like they're kind of a purple gray. There we go. Okay. Now that's going to be pretty. They look like actual trees right here and coming right over in here. Those look like actual trees. There we go. And there again because it's in the background I want to soften the edges because that's a long ways away. Maybe I'll put a nice little tree trunk there on it. I know that's detail but I'm kind of doing finishes I go. Yeah there we go. Nice little tree trunk in here. The other one over here there we go. Makes more sense that way. And we'll take that brush again that lavender lighten up just a little bit and ooh that's pretty. That's a pretty color. Let's see what that looks like on there. If that doesn't make it pop a little bit well it sure does. That's pretty. There we go. All right now I'm going to get this green in but first of all I want to take my knife again and I want to make that desert spot. This is where I have to mix up the paint because I didn't bring the right color with me. I don't know why I forgot that. It's a staple on my palette. So let's see here. It's good to stretch yourself. Everyone's to know why. You run across a problem in the painting and you have to stretch yourself and that's a good thing. This is happening to me right now. I think I like this. I think I came up with something that looks pretty darn good. Now you notice I'm working with the knife as well as the brush because I want that rugged feel of all those different textures that those rocks have. Coming right up here is a rock and it's got some dark in front of it and then there's a little bit of light right in here that's coming down and then this is just a little bit more red right over in here and maybe we'll just have some of this coming into this a little bit to kind of make that look a little more like it's movement. Okay, I like that. Let's see. Let me make these guys just a little brighter here. I'm just kind of poking at the canvas right now. I'm not painting things. I'm painting my impression of shapes and values. Okay, and that little tree right there is coming down in front. So we're going to make it come down right in front right in here. There we go. Okay, let's see here. There I did. Now I want to take a darker color that is in my shadow color and I want to put that right in here and that's going to be right in here too. You see this right in here? Yeah, that's what we got right there.  We're already halfway through the show. My wonderful cameraman, Richard, just gave me the note here. We're halfway, but I'm not halfway across the canvas so I better get my rear and gear, huh? Okay. First of all, I want some more of that light to go across the top of this here. A little lighter so that we can see. There we go. And okay, probably thinking a little too much about detail here. This is coming down more like that and then we do have some areas in here that are darker. Okay. That gets darker as it goes down. So I'm really glad that you joined me today. I'm happy to take you on this journey to the Petrified Forest in Arizona. It was a great trip and I hope through my painting and the photographs that I've showed you, I hope that you can get just a small feel of what it was like to be there. There were many, many things that I didn't get a chance to see there. Time would not allow it, but it was quite an experience, believe me. I'm interested in anything that shows how things were years and years and years ago. I think that's fascinating and it's so marvelous that we are doing as much as we are to protect these areas. There was a wonderful group of young students that were there and a female ranger that didn't look a lot older than them. She was busy showing them the ropes and telling them where not to stand and walk and how important it was to leave no footprint. It was very informative and it was just a wonderful talk that she gave to these young people and you could tell that they were listening to her so intently and that it really mattered to them what they were doing. That was really heartening to know that our younger generation is going to carry on and protect these places for us so that we'll have them for years and years to come to visit. That was very exciting moving those trees down there. I think we need some more darks in here. Come up, there's a lot of dark on there. There we go. Right in here is the dark purple again from the shadow, this area right here. I believe that is coming about like this and coming down. That's a little higher right there. I don't want that to be quite so sharp. I'm going to wipe that off a little bit there. I'm going to come out like that a little bit more. There we go. And then this is light up here again and in here and in here. It's kind of light. There's a light spot right here and this is coming down right there. I don't know about this dead tree right here. He's not petrified, that's for sure. But no one hurt to put him in there. I just put a few indications of him having been there. We saw him. It wasn't the best thing we saw that day but he was there. The funniest thing happened, I have to tell you. There were crows in the parking lot and the crow, this one particular crow especially, had a very funny gait. He would take a couple steps and then he would hop and he was favoring one leg and he was mooching for food, begging for food from people in the parking lot and a lot of people were feeding him because he was cute. He was really good at his little act of trying to beg people to feeding him. Anyway, he took a liking to my youngest granddaughter and he started following her everywhere and around the parking lot and it was really cute. I got some adorable pictures of that but I'm not going to bore you with family pictures but anyway it was really cute. He just hopped around begging and he would give him something and then he would hop away and then he would act like he was crippled and do his little dance. It was really kind of funny. I think we are getting kind of a desert-like look there. This over here is quite light. I almost need a bigger knife here. Let's see here. There are some rocks right in there and this is coming like this. You notice how when I put the shadow on I go up and down and then when I am putting the top on then I go back and forth and that helps just describe the movement. It's not ready. Let me see here. I'm not going to put this in. I don't think it enhances anything. I'll just put another green bush there instead. There is some dark rocks right here standing upright. There's a little one right in there and we'll put some dark underneath the tree here. Now I'm going to start on my log, my bridge. Let's see here. I'm quiet because I'm thinking so hard. I want this to turn out really nice for you and I don't usually work with a pallet knife but I'm really enjoying it today. I want this to turn out nice. Now nice light on the top. I'm quiet because I'm thinking this is going to be the top of it. It needs to be lighter. If you can see this right here on the picture you can't see it but there's a barrier right here so that you're not supposed to go down on this path and stand on this and somebody is actually crept over here and tried to dig up, pull the petrified rock and take a piece of it. Some people and their kids, huh? Let's see if we can get this to look a little better here. This is coming over here and into it. Oh my goodness. Now we only have 15 minutes left. Where does the time go? I wish I could just have a couple of hours to spend with you doing this and then I wouldn't rush so much. Now this cement girder that seems to be holding this agate tree up is right under here and it's really quite dark right there. So let's see here. We need a lot more paint here, kitty. Gotta get moving. Just have 15 minutes. That's not too much time. Half of the canvas covered. Okay, now it's a little lighter. A little bluer. Almost has a kind of a reddish glow to it. It's kind of a pretty color. Let's see if we can pump it up a little bit and make it really sing here. White maybe in it. Let's see here. That's one thing when you're working with a palette knife you really use a lot more paint. And I think we've got a little more of a reddish glow in here. We need to pull that out. There we go. And this down here is quite dark. There's a little square right in here that's very dark where that meets and that meets there. And then these rocks right here are coming down in there a little darker. Right in there, that shadow. A little bit of a cast shadow right in there. That breaks coming through there. And I just want to make this look a little rounder here. I think we could probably do it if we go like this a couple places. And then drag it back. There, that looks a little rounder. Okay. Alright, then maybe a little bit more light in here. So this doesn't look quite so... Yeah, that's what I wanted. Some brightness to that. There we go. Alright, now let's see here. Right here we've got sand color. And that's coming down right there. Right over in here and down. Oh, I'm so sorry. I'm not going to be able to finish this for you. I'm going to have to take it home and finish it in my studio at home. I had really hoped to get further along today, but we have ten minutes left here. We'll see what we can get done, but I don't know. We don't want to ruin the painting by rushing and making it look too strange. Alright, let's see. All of this down below is a very dark green. If we can get that on with some light over it, maybe we can still save this puppy, pull him out of the fire. I think my brush would probably be quicker. We'll take this brush and just sock it to it. There we go. That's quicker. Darker over in here because there's a block holding it up right there. Some kind of a girder thing or something. Have you ever noticed how I don't know the names of things? I just, you know, and I don't really even care. I don't care that I don't know the names of things. They're just colors and shapes. To me, I don't really care. Looking like a bridge, I think it is. We could probably take some of this and put a few little highlights across here. I've got to get away from that bridge and keep working on what I'm working on here. Alright, let's see here. So we're putting that dark green in on the bottom because we're trying to show you what that's going to look like when we've got those trees underneath there. There's some trees right in here. We'll have to come back and hit that with a little bit of the lighter green that we're seeing and it's coming right up on top of this. I want something here brighter. Okay, and then this is darker, a little darker green right in here and it's going up underneath this and over here. Alrighty. Are we going to do it? Are we going to get this covered? If we do, it'll be a miracle. It's going like this. This is coming down like that and that's coming down like that. Alright, we're going to get the big knife. Get the big guy. Hurry, hurry, hurry. And here we go. And this is coming up like this and coming down like that. Okay, five minutes to go. We're going to make it. Are you with me? Are you still with me? Yes. Say yes, we're with you. We're in this together. We're going to do it. We're going to do it. We're going to accomplish it. Yes, we are. Care how messy it is because that part we can fix. We just want to get that canvas covered. You know, I am just having a blast. And I'm really glad that you join me today and watch me as I play Crazy Lady with my palette knife and my paints. This is really a lot of fun. I don't know which was more fun, the trip, being there or being here with you and painting my version of the painted desert and the granite bridge. You know, it's pretty colorful. That's a good thing. There we go. Just this little tad right in here. Okay, and there's some greenery here. Okay, and we'll put a couple little lumps in it. Let me see here. We'll put a little lump. We'll put a little light right in here. We'll put a little dark right in here. And then we'll put some light right here coming along and over in here, some color. And we'll put just a little more light right in here because I want this to really pop right in there. Well, you have been watching painting journeys for a long time. My name is Kitty Lynn Klisch. It was a joy to be with you today. I hope that you'll tune in for our next episode when I think we're going to go to the Grand Canyon. How does that sound? Okay, catch you next time. Bye-bye for now.


And this second one was what an older version of OpenSSL produced as a result. So you had a bug where this mathematical function in a very rare corner case produced a wrong result. And I found quite a couple of these kinds of bugs with this strategy. Yeah, this is the patch where this was introduced. At some assembly, I have no idea what it does. And now another tool that is very good to combine with fuzzing is Address Sanitizer. And this is really something I'm currently running around and trying to tell free software developers that they make use of this tool, because it's really, really simple and it can sometimes quite easily find bugs. So Address Sanitizer is a feature in the compiler. It's available both in GCC and C-Lang and it can be enabled with this flag minus F sanitize address. So if you only want to take one thing away from this talk, if you write software in C, then use this flag to test your software. And here's a little code example. So we're allocating a buffer and then just writing zeros into it and then we're freeing the buffer and then we're trying to read from the buffer. So it's a use after free bug, kind of standard use after free bug. You're freeing a buffer and then still trying to read from it. And this is, I mean, this is a very simple example, but this is usually the kind of bug you have in applications like browsers these days when you have security issues. Now, here I have this code and now if I compile it, okay, yeah. So what happens if I run this is essentially unpredictable. So in this case, I have zero and this will also usually happen because we're not doing anything between the freeing and the reading of it. But we cannot rely that the compiler will do anything predictable in this situation. Now, if we add address sanitizer to it and also at G, which just gives us some debugging information, then, and I have to do this. Then, okay, repeat. Then we get a very nice error message. It says, he views after free. It tells us in which line in the code it happened and it tells us, okay, this is in some memory region that was freed in this line and it was allocated in this line. So we get a lot of information that will help us to analyze this bug. And the thing is with use after free, most of the time these bugs don't crash your application. Also if you have out of bounds memory reads, they also usually just your application continues running and something strange may have happened. And so it's hard to find these bugs without such a tool. So address sanitizer is very helpful that it allows you to find these kinds of bugs. Yeah, this is again the error message. And it's maybe you know wall grind which does similar things, but wall grind is quite limited because it works on the already compiled executable and some classes of bugs cannot be found with that strategy. So it's a bit like address sanitizer is a more advanced version of wall grind and it's also much faster because it operates at compile time. So yeah, and what you ideally want to do is you're combining fuzzing with address sanitizer because then you will just find more bugs and find these subtle bugs that are otherwise very hard to find. You probably all remember this one, the Heartbleed Bug which was essentially an out of bounds read bug.  And I did a little experiment with that. I created a small tool that was doing a handshake with OpenSSL with itself and then added the possibility that you could just swap out one of the TLS packages with something you gave it on the command line. And by that, I was able to fast the handshake of OpenSSL and then using that with an older version that was vulnerable to Heartbleed after a couple of hours, it rediscovered the Heartbleed Bug. Now you can say, okay, it's easy to find a bug if you already know where it is. But I would argue that in this experiment I didn't use any information that was very specific to Heartbleed. It was just a handshake. It was just a normal fuzzing how I would have done it otherwise if, yeah. I took it six hours and another tool called Lipfuzzer which I will also talk about later a bit more. The developer of Lipfuzzer wrote me then an email and said he has replicated this experiment with Lipfuzzer and it only took five minutes. So, yeah. Then something else I tried was I asked, okay, if you have address sanitizer and it finds all these marks, can you compile a whole system with address sanitizer enabled? So usually you use it for testing for one application but if you compile a whole system, okay, that may find some more subtle bugs. And I created the Gen2 system where everything except some corp packages was compiled with address sanitizer. So, you have some problems if you want to compile G-Lip C with it because what essentially it is doing is it is intercepting the memory allocation functions of G-Lip C and if you use it with G-Lip C with it then you will get some weird dependency conflicts. And GCC also didn't work because it's compiling these base functions that it adds in executables. So, I had to exclude those and a few more core dependencies but the rest of the system everything was compiled with address sanitizer. It is slow and it takes a lot of memory but it is possible to run. Yeah, and what was to be expected is that just by doing this, I found a lot of bugs in a lot of packages and I have a list here. I made it a bit longer this morning the stuff I found recently. So, you see a lot of stuff that like Bash or Python or Syslog and also things where you say, okay, maybe this is security critical like the Pigeon OTR plugin there was a use after free just by using it. So, no fuzzing involved or anything just starting it and if you opened a certain dialogue it would crash with the use after free bug was fixed in the last version. Yeah. So, yeah, I think this was quite worth it. It led to a lot of bug fixes and yeah. There were some challenges with it. So, the one thing with address sanitizer is you can use an executable with address sanitizer with a normal library that's not using address sanitizer but if you do it the other way around it does not work. So, if you have a library like let's say you compile your system open SSL with address sanitizer then all the binaries that are not compiled with address sanitizer will stop working. So, if you're recompiling your system with address sanitizer you have to check in which order you do it that nothing breaks and you also cannot easily just exclude one package. If you want to exclude something you also have to exclude all the dependencies. Then there was some build system issue. One was with lib tool that when lib tool is compiling a library then it filters out all compiler flags that it doesn't know about and it didn't know about address sanitizer. So, that broke. It's now fixed in the git code of lib tool but they have not made a new release yet. And then, and if you have some custom memory allocation in an application that usually also doesn't work. Yeah. Then, warning in past talks I had about this. I said, okay maybe this is something you may want to use if you want to have a very secure system but this is probably not a good idea because address sanitizer was designed as a testing tool and not as a production tool and this introduces some problems and someone on the OSS security list showed a way where how you could use address sanitizer to become root if you have a suede executable compiled with address sanitizer. So, this introduces security issues. So, at least in the way it's currently working it is not usable practically as a production protection mechanism. So, it's a good testing tool but it's not something you want to run in the real world. Yeah, but yeah, it works. I have a server running with it. I can serve web pages and yeah, found a lot of bugs with it. I still have a large number of log files of bugs from that that I have not reported yet. I haven't gone through yet. I probably somehow have to crowdsource that because there are so many of them. Yeah. But if you are involved in any free software projects please just compile it with address sanitizer once and run the test suite and see if something pops up with that. Okay, some other tools that are worth mentioning. Libfuzzer, I already mentioned earlier is it works similar than American FuzzyLob but it works on the function level. So, it's not calling an application. It's calling a function. So, you're writing a wrapper function that takes a buffer and a length and then you feed that into the whatever function you want to test. The advantage of that is, first of all, it's targeting different things. Like it's a function in other software and it's much faster than AFL because AFL has to like fog a new process for every tested input and this just is running in one process so it's much faster. But it's a bit tricky to use because you have to be very careful that you're not, for example, that you're not leaking any memory inside your test function because then just the memory of the process will grow till it's too much because it's executing this function millions of times. And so, it's not as straightforward to use but it's also a very useful tool especially if you integrate that in the development process of a software. I think then it's a very powerful tool and it's part of LLVM. So, yeah. Then there's KZen which is like address sanitizer in the Linux kernel and this is just an option you can make menu config under debugging you can just enable that. And yeah, when I tried this the first time then I immediately got some warnings that my graphics driver was accessing some invalid memory. So yeah, it's probably not used as often as it should be. And there's now also a tool called syscaller which is adapting a strategy similar what libfuzzer and AFL are using with this coverage-based fuzzing to the kernel with syscall fuzzing. And I'm also aware that there are people trying to fuzz other kernel inputs with similar strategies. Yeah. So then there are other sanitizer features in the compiler. So one is Ubisun which detects undefined behavior. So maybe you know that in C there are some things like if you have signed integer overflow or if you have a shift left by a negative value. These things, the standard says that they are undefined. So you cannot rely that they do anything predictable. And Ubisun finds these things. A bit of a problem with that is that there are so many of these bugs and usually they don't do anything bad because most of the time the compiler will just do what you expect it to do, like an integer overflow. Just okay, if you have max plus one it gives admin that usually happens but you cannot rely on it. So yeah. And there's also a threat sanitizer and memory sanitizer but these are a bit more tricky to use. So the really nice thing with address sanitizer is that it's just you're enabled and it usually just works. And there's some work done to adapt AFL to networking because the standard AFL is just testing file inputs. So you have executable and give it some file and yeah. There's a patch for it to let it fast TCP inputs. And there's also another attempt where you're using a preload library that will take something from standard in and feed it into a TCP port. But these things are quite brittle and it's not a straightforward to use. So you have to play around with it a bit. And there's certainly room for improvement here. So. Yeah. And there's a port of American fuzzy log to Android. I have not tested this myself but yeah, if you know about Android security it's probably a good thing it is needed. They should fast test their stuff. And what's interesting is like I mentioned earlier that some of the stage fright bugs were found with AFL and what happened there is that the guy who found them ported a stage fright library to standard Linux so he could fuzz it. So yeah. Yeah. And at the end I want to ask you like who is involved in some kind of C development or C++ development? Please hands up. That's yeah, maybe a third. And are you already using fuzzing or are you using address sanitizer or and who is not using both fuzzing and address sanitizer from the people? Okay, so now you know what you have to do next. It will improve your software quality, definitely. Yeah. Thanks for listening. Yeah. And I'm, I think we have time for questions. Ah. You give pictures on this? Right, so my first question would be like what is your attitude to static code analysis maybe model checking? Static code analysis. Okay, it's actually I have not used it a whole lot and my impression was that it will usually not find the most interesting bugs but I don't have a lot of experience with it so maybe I'm wrong on that. No more questions? How did you find the Pigeon OTR plugin? Did you do you really click on the UI? Yes, I just I had the gentle system built with address sanitizer and then I started the Pigeon and started the chat session and so the bug happened when you tried to authenticate the other contact. And another interesting thing about that one is it was already reported six months earlier in their bug tracker but it was ignored. This also shows up that your fuzzing project or your initiative mainly targets file input systems or the attack surface is file input but there's a whole lot going on from user input or on embedded systems where you can't do this file stuff thingy. Yeah, so I mean the Pigeon bug was there was no fuzzing involved. It was just I mean I talked about these two tools AFL and address sanitizer and this was just address sanitizer. So this is just use this to compile your software and test it with it. But there was also but the developers from Libre office they did something where they emulated the clicks on their GUI by based on an input and use that for fuzzing which is also quite interesting approach. Yeah, I think the file input should be extended to all user input not only mouse but recognize text fields and fill them in because almost no user interface today uses only file input. Yeah, but it's just files is the easiest thing to do. Yes, it's the low hanging fruit for starters. What kind of information do you need to provide to AFL about the structure of files? Nothing, you give it an example file and the rest it does by itself. Okay. Okay, if there are no more questions then. Yeah, thanks for listening. Thank you.


Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I am pleased to welcome you to this International Conference on Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Reactors. Spent fuel management is an essential component of the nuclear fuel cycle. Supporting the safe management of spent fuel and of radioactive waste is a key IAEA activity. We develop safety standards and guidance, publish technical reports, and organize technical courses, workshops, and technical meetings. Last September, we devoted our annual scientific forum to the subject of radioactive waste management. We are organizing an International Conference on the same subject in 2016. Waste disposal is often cited as one of the major problems facing nuclear power. In fact, the nuclear industry has been managing waste disposal for more than half a century. Dozens of facilities for low-level and intermediate-level nuclear waste are in operation throughout the world. As far as the management of high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel is concerned, good progress has been made in recent years, especially in Finland, Sweden, and France. I have had an opportunity to visit the Oncalo facility in Finland, where a repository for the final disposal of spent fuel is being built deep underground and at the Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. They are impressive sites. I was also impressed by the briefing on the Seagull project, which I received from the head of the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, or UNDRA, during my recent visit to France. I understand that it is now at the license application stage. It will still be some years before the first deep geological repositories for nuclear spent fuel become operational. But the progress made, being made in this area, deserves to be better known. Ladies and gentlemen, since your last meeting five years ago, the most important event in the nuclear sector was on the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan in March 2011. Last week, I presented the IAEA report on the accident to our Board of Governors. Extensive efforts have been made throughout the world in the last four years to improve safety at nuclear power plants and at facilities housing nuclear material. I know that those of you working with the nuclear fuel cycle have extensively reviewed your practices and procedures since the accident and taken additional steps to improve safety. This includes improving transparency and the exchange of information between countries. Conferences such as this have an important role to play. Despite the Fukushima Daiichi accident, many countries continue to see an important role for nuclear power as part of their energy mix. They believe that nuclear power can help to improve energy security, mitigate the effect of climate change, and make economies more competitive. IAEA projections indicate that the use of nuclear power throughout the world will continue to grow in the coming decades. The volume of spent fuel will also continue to grow and it is therefore essential that it is managed safely. Since the last conference, the IAEA has launched a program to demonstrate the long-term performance of dry-stored spent fuel and related storage system components. We are also finalizing the new guidance document on the use of dual-purpose casks for both transport and storage. In 2012, we published a new safety guide on the storage of spent nuclear fuel. It is being revised to take into account the lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident. As you may know, the IAEA provides extensive support to countries which are considering or embarking upon nuclear power program. One of the points which I stress in my meetings with leaders from these newcomer countries is the vital importance of having cradle-to-grave plans in place for both spent fuel and radioactive waste. I strongly encourage countries with existing nuclear power programs and experience of the back end of the fuel cycle to share their experience with newcomer countries to ensure that best practice is implemented everywhere. Ladies and gentlemen, the subtitle of your conference is an integrated approach to the back end of the fuel cycle. The IAEA considers it important for practitioners to take a holistic approach to the fuel cycle and remain aware of issues outside their particular specialty. I wish you every success with the important conference and I look forward to learning about the outcome. Thank you very much.


The last kind of probability we're going to look at is plausibility. Now I'm just going to give you a little bit of warning. Plausibility is a mess. It's a, oh, seems like we can't do without plausibility and, well, when we rely upon it too much or the raw circumstance, it gets us in trouble. Now plausibility, well, it's just that the probability determined by what's plausible. So it's your intuition, it's your gut instinct. Sometimes it's referred to as common sense, right? So it's common sense that randomly hitting people upside the head is at least rude, if not just out and out and immoral, right? You don't do that sort of thing, right? We've got people's, we've got notions of rights, we've got notions of self-autonomy, we've got notions of harm. Okay, you know, all these notions, by the way, are fed by plausibility. It's pretty intuitive what counts as harmful. It's pretty intuitive what counts as a right, or at least we have intuitions about that. So yeah, it's what's intuitive. It's that intellectual instinct you have, right? Well, specific meanings and essences, right? These are really useful, really useful. Plausibility is really useful for coming up with a lot of these abstract notions and pretty much, I mean, you need plausibility in order to give us our abstract notions so that we can do the rest of this work. So for example, we're not going to use logical possibility to determine whether logical possibility is good evidence in a particular circumstance. No, you got to use plausibility, right? Because logical possibility would say, well, what? I don't know if we're going to be silly. Well, either you use logical possibility, frequency possibility, propensity and plausibility and give us circumstance. Our logical possibility is one out of four, so there's a 25% chance that we use logical possibility. No, that doesn't work. That's completely implausible. So we can't just completely do without plausibility. We have to rely upon it. And it is that extent to which we find the conclusion to be plausible, right? Or you know, pretty much yeah. So we have a notion of rights, rights centered around self-autonomy and self-ownership. Okay. That's a pretty plausible definition of rights. Cool, right? All on board. And then from that, we would determine whether any given act that you've performed is within your rights or not. So it's within my rights to, you know, wear a hat. It's not within my rights to take somebody else's hat and steal it from them. No, that violates autonomy and self-ownership. All right. Now, dirty little secret about plausibility, something that people don't, at least they don't widely talk about it. Despite the fact that we call it common sense, it's not common, right? Plausibility is entirely subjective. I hate to say it, but it's true. A lot of people are going to get angry at me for saying it. But the fact of the matter is there is variation amongst people about what's plausible, you know? We can start bringing up a list of topics. I'm not going to do that. And I'm not saying that, you know, therefore plausibility is bad, but plausibility has its uses. And sometimes that's all we have, but there is going to be disagreement. There is going to be difference. Those plausible is subjective. Despite the fact that we talk about it being objective, it's not, right? So, you know, I talk about whether it's, you know, this notion of self-ownership is plausible. It's like, well, yeah. But then there's a, you know, there are going to be groups of people say, well, of course, you, of course, this is wrong. Of course, your notions about self-ownership are wrong because there is no self-ownership, right? And then there's reasons for that. And it has to do with pretty substantive arguments regarding the plausibility of self-ownership. I'm not going to go into that here. So plausibility, yeah, plausibility is subjective. That doesn't mean it doesn't give us any truth. I'm not saying that. We can have arguments about that if you like, but that's outside the purview of this course. And sometimes, like I said, sometimes it's all we have, right? That's all we have. Now we don't, we're not going to, you know, plausibility is not objective. It is subjective. But we will have a lot of intersubjective agreement. So there's a lot of use to be had with plausibility, you know, within people that have the same notions. Okay. Now, having said that, you know, plausibility does have its uses. It really falls to the wayside with other notions of probability and other circumstances, right? You don't get to use plausibility to replace frequency. You don't get to use plausibility to replace propensity. You don't get to use plausibility to replace logical possibility. You know, when those, right? So you don't get to use plausibility when it comes to whether you're going to win the next dice roll, right? I really feel like I'm going to get double sixes this time. No, right. That feeling does not, does not, does not remove the logical, the probability to determine by what's logically possible. It doesn't get to replace or remove what, you know, you're talking about frequency, right? I really feel like, I really feel like I'm going to make that basket this time, despite the fact that I missed the last 20 times. I'm really going to make this. No, you don't get to replace that frequency with plausibility, right? You don't get to replace propensity with plausibility. The others, frankly, they're just not useful to determine our abstract notions. And, you know, I'm not saying that's bad for those and plausibility supreme. But when we're talking about these different kinds of evidence, they are different, right? They have their uses in their own contexts. There isn't one that's just supreme over the rest. And there are going to be situations where one is just not simply as good compared to the others. So we've talked about the, we've got the four kinds of evidence, right? We've got, we have a, you know, where we have all the available evidence versus the absent evidence, whether we're using the complete evidence, both the supporting and the defeating, right? And the, and if you're using the right kind of evidence, that will determine the strength of the evidence and that will determine the strength of the argument, the strength of the conclusion. All right, let's work, let's try some, let's try using this evidence in different sorts of arguments. See what happens.


Parting by Charlotte Bronte, read for LibriVox.org by Amanda McGee. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn encouraged telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening when we're sitting by the fire, perchance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still, never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte, read for LibriVox.org by Bob Sherman. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening, when we're sitting by the fire, perchance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still. Never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. Parting by Charlotte Bronte, read for LibriVox.org by Brian Van Vliet. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us, a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us whom we truly love till death. In the evening, when we're sitting by the fire, perchance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and more none shall dare restrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still, never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte Read for LibriVox.org by Cindy Jones There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping our remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another, as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening when we're sitting by the fire, perchance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting, give response of tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare constrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still. Never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte. Read for LibriVox.org by David Lawrence. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, will we think of one another as even better than we are? Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening, when we're sitting by the fire, perchance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still. Never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte, read for LibriVox.org by Ernst Batinama. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage, telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grievous, we'll just take them as they come. And then every day we'll leave us a merry love for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, will connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening, when we're sitting by the fire, but once alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and when unsheltered restrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still. Never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte, read for LibreVox.org by Ellie. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the sordid ourselves of thirst, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry love for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we are parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, will connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening, when we're sitting by the fire, but once alone, then shall heartless warm-heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bond-switch-chainers, which called human hands a fraud, and when unsheltered are the strainers, we can meet again in sord. So there's no use in weeping, be a cheerful spirit still, never doubt that fate is keeping, future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting. By Charlotte Bronte. Read for LibriVox.org. By Ken Sterry. There's no use in weeping, but we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another, and even better than we are.  In the evening when we're sitting by the fire per chance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still. Never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte, read for LibreVox.org by Catherine. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and to a scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let his foolish grievous, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we are parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us, whom we truly love to death. In the evening when we are sitting by the fire, perchance alone, there's a heart with warm heart meeting, give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bounds which chain us, which could human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still, never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. We are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, will connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening, when we're sitting by the fire per chance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bounds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping. Bear a cheerful spirit still. Never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. This is a poem by Charlotte Bronte. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we've parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, will connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening, when we're sitting by the fire per chance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. Then burst the bombs with chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us they can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, but our cheerful spirits still, never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day we'll leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we've parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us whom we truly love till death. In the evening when we're sitting by the fire per chance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bombs with chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, but our cheerful spirits still, never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte. Read for LibriVox.org by Ruth Golding. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed, and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day will leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us whom we truly love till death. In the evening when we're sitting by the fire perchance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still. Never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte Read the LibriVox.org by Rave Notation There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day will leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we're parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening when we're sitting by the fire per chance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, they're a cheerful spirit still. Never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Parting by Charlotte Bronte, read for LibriVox.org by Secrets. There's no use in weeping, though we are condemned to part. There's such a thing as keeping a remembrance in one's heart. There's such a thing as dwelling on the thought ourselves have nursed and with scorn and courage telling the world to do its worst. We'll not let its follies grieve us, we'll just take them as they come, and then every day will leave us a merry laugh for home. When we've left each friend and brother, when we've parted wide and far, we will think of one another as even better than we are. Every glorious sight above us, every pleasant sight beneath, we'll connect with those that love us, whom we truly love till death. In the evening, when we're sitting, by the fire, per chance alone, then shall heart with warm heart meeting give responsive tone for tone. We can burst the bonds which chain us, which cold human hands have wrought, and where none shall dare restrain us, we can meet again in thought. So there's no use in weeping, bear a cheerful spirit still, never doubt that fate is keeping future good for present ill. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain.


Thank you. I Just took a COVID test Tuesday, I am filming a student short film and unfortunately the only place that had testing near me Was like 10 plus miles away, so it took me like 25 minutes to drive here Now it's like maybe you can just do something while I'm here, but I really don't have anything to do here So I'm just gonna go home. Oh my god. My face looks crazy I used self tanner and I'm not very experienced at it In real life, like it doesn't look so bad. Why does it look terrible on camera? Good morning. I hope I don't step on poop while trying to vlog, but I'm on my way to film I got my results and I tested negative so now I'm going to check in the COVID survey you know all of the standard stuff and I'm about to go on set. I got some decaf It's a wrap.  Everybody was nice We were of course running behind because you always are running behind and things like this But there was another class right after so we really had to like hurry up and get out of there Released from set. It was a very easy like everything went really well. We got good shots and we went on and The team is amazing. I Keep like meeting nicer and nicer production companies and like Even like friendlier and more fun people But this specific group of people like I feel like the leader is just so sweet Just such a good person that Everything just went so smoothly and everybody he has chosen to be a part of this team. It works Very efficiently and very well So there's I'm one of the the talent and there's one more that says all of the lines in English And I mean we were just able to like go through the takes pretty quickly. So we got released. It's 4 30 right now Maybe I'll meet beat traffic a little bit because on the way here There was a little bit of traffic I'm more familiar with tomorrow's lines because I got like half of the script for the audition and I was able to Memorize be close to memorizing that and then the other page because there was two different pages The other page is the one that we did today. So I think tomorrow I'll be a little bit more comfortable But I need to start driving so that I don't catch all the traffic Wow Super early day. It's three oh eight and I got released like 15 minutes ago This was such a great team again and such a great shoot I'm excited to hopefully work with them again. It's really fun and really easy.  Maybe film some auditions if I get them, but I will very likely have to Change my makeup because I have like layers. I don't know. It looks pretty good on camera But I just feel like I have so much makeup on like layers and layers I'm headed to the train station because last night again They cut me apart when they hire actors for the directing classes so that students can learn how to work with professional actors So I was like, okay You know sometimes acting is a trip one day you'll go from making thousands of dollars A day and then the next day literally the next day you'll go to just make like Less than a hundred dollars for the day. Anyway, I need to go catch the train I forgot to mention they did give me a script But it's the pilot for white lotus which is a show that I have heard about I don't know if I've watched And it is the whole pilot so I tried to read all of it and I ran out of time this morning before I had to come So haven't read it, but they're going to assign us a Scene and I believe we're gonna be working on the same scene this week and next week not sure So obviously I don't have it memorized, but I have my laptop with the entire script So I'm gonna head in there now Okay, um, I don't think I filmed anything in there, but um So yes, this is a directing class and we got the script of white lotus the pilot script is so loud out here And then the students got to choose what actors they got wanted to work with and I was paired up with sam An actress that's a student here. I believe Yeah, three different directors selected us. We worked on three different scenes But right now I actually have a meeting with hobby because um, we're doing a short film together soon I'm really excited about it. So we are gonna touch base now via zoom and uh talk about it Good morning. I just got done going to the gym and showering and um, then I did a voiceover because I had a voiceover Do today by 1 p.m. So I just sent it over through my agency And um, I really need to get ready because I have a dress to pick up And I wanted to tell you guys that I was DM'd by a startup A tech company That they want me to do user generated content for them and it sounded like they wanted To be ongoing and I didn't really know what to quote them Like had an idea of what to quote them But I went ahead and just forwarded information to my agency the one in San Francisco So they can help me out with that.  I don't recommend this. I don't think this is healthy This is a personal decision. Okay.    No, you got to find it in yourself. Thank you I was truly expecting to try on this dress a bunch of times Until august until it's finally time to the wedding and like slowly be able to zip more and more of the dress, but Apparently not. I think I think it's because my rib cage is pretty small like my rib cage is 34 inches and like the most of my volume is In my hips like my bottom half. So I think that's why it fits me because this dress like in the bottom half It's more flowy, you know, but here it's structured Anyway, I gotta go


This is the fire, this is the flames, this is that yum yum get you some dino might, yum yum get you some of that


Hello everybody. My name is Ahmed Lindawi. I am the United Nations Secretary-General's envoy in New York, speaking today from Costa Rica. We are meeting here by 2015, Global Youth Summit. We are meeting here with a brilliant team of people coming from all over the world. More than 500 participants, they are here to debate about the role of ICT to be an enabler for achieving the world we want. We are debating post-2015 development agenda. And I would like to take this opportunity, as I asked the organizers, to organize an informal discussion with some of the people and the participants who are members of the drafting committee. It's a brilliant group. We met yesterday, and we decided today to have this informal discussion so we can talk more about what do you think are your priorities for post-2015 development agenda? How have your experience here influenced your thoughts about the role of this development agenda in shaping the world we want? And how we can contribute as individuals, as youth organizations? And also, I'll be looking forward to have your questions and to discuss with you how we can make this event a big success and make sure that we follow up with the conversation we are having here. So how about we start with a round of introductions just to introduce ourselves, and maybe a preview you can start? Sure. So I'm Trevi. I am from the US. So I'm a US youth delegate here. I'm studying at Dartmouth College, so finishing my final year. And I spent this past summer representing the United States on the advisory board for this youth summit. OK, my name is Edam Montes. I'm from Mexico. I study at Tecnológico de Monterrey. And this past year, I was in exchange at the University of Geneva, and I was also an intern at the Mexican Mission in Geneva. Well, I'm Jose Callezo. I'm actually Costa Rican. It's really great to have you all guys here. We're thrilled. I'm an entrepreneur, so I spoke at the last TEDx here in Costa Rica. And I've been involved with ICTs in them, actually. That's what I do for a living. So it's really exciting to be here. I'm Felicity. I just finished my master's at Cardiff University, and now I'm interning at the ITU in Geneva. My name is Fatim Choudhury. I'm coming from Canada. And I'm studying at the University of Waterloo in environmental studies. So I'm thinking about starting this conversation. And thank you all for being here. I was thinking about starting the conversation about the team itself, and how important for young people to come and meet and debate the role of ICT. And first, I see, I mean, at least four tablets on PC and just like a laptop's here. And I see, I mean, we can't talk about young people anymore without talking about the role of ICT. I can't mention ICT without mentioning, I mean, how important the role of young people to drive the innovation in this field. So what's your take from this conference? It's the second day I know I was still debating the outcome document. But what do you think of the conference so far? Well, I think it's the first time that we have such an event here. It's been thrilling for me, particularly to come here and just meet with people from dozens of different countries around the world or countries that you've probably never even heard of or people that you would never thought you would meet. And they're probably not going to see again for a while. But I think that having this conversion of great young minds, I think that everyone here is here for a reason. And I mean, just earned their pass into the summit for a reason. So I think the people is probably what I think is the coolest thing.  And I think that great stuff can come out of it. Excellent. What do you think? I think the summit has highlighted how important technology is to young people. And I think it shows that if we weren't connected, if we went online, we wouldn't know about it. But we don't realize all the people who aren't online who don't know about it. So we should connect all the people who aren't connected so they can have the benefits that we do. Yesterday, I called the ICT as invisible tool for those who have it.  We are talking about two third of the world population still offline. And I think this is a shame, right? I think it's surprising as well. I think a lot of people would be surprised to know that people don't have phones with the internet or they don't have laptops. We'll take it for granted because it's easy for us to understand. What I was thinking about was that I just participated in the hackathon for the last 24 hours. And one of the mentors was talking about the fact that we should really understand the problem that we're trying to solve through technologies. And I think that the role of ICT is about how we can use technology appropriately to solve the problem and have the impact that we wanna have. So that's something I've been thinking about since being here. And it's been very insightful. Any great ideas? Oh, from the hackathon? Actually, the presentations are going on right now. So you'll hear a lot of great ideas. I've been hearing like peaks and. I look forward after 24 hours of translate, man. Continue thinking about the ideas. I look forward to see the results.  Oh, sure. Well, for me, the summit has been incredibly invigorating. I think just meeting so many bright, motivated people from around the world. And again, from places that, for me, personally, I haven't really interacted with before. So that's been, I think, a very inspiring experience. For me, what's most important is engaging young people in the international decision-making process. And I think we have a very sort of, we have many very unique perspectives to bring to the table. And not only that, but skill sets and knowledge bases and means of approaching the world. I think for many of us, the world is no longer sort of delineated in a very sort of, you know, a national, international. Many of us are continually crossing boundaries. And so I think it's very important that this voice is represented in the international policy-making process. I really want to give a shout out to the fact that, I mean, representing the United States on the Buying 2015 Advisory Board, it was really great to see how so much of the grunt work for this summit was carried out by young people. So this is really a summit that has been put together to a large extent by young people for young people. And that's something that, for me personally, is incredibly inspiring. I'm really looking forward to the results because having such a great variety of people, of backgrounds, I think we can expect amazing ideas coming from all over the world. And for example, I participated in the jump session, which was like an event previous to this one in Geneva. And the ideas that came out of this event were amazing, like in five hours. So I'm really interested, you know, when, like, after three days, what great ideas can come out of this whole process? No, I would like to tell you a secret. I'm meeting eight people, I mean, I've been on YouthWorks since I was 15 years old. I went to so many youth conferences and events. And there are some times, I mean, we attend youth conferences and start calling others to act. So we think the most important part of the conference, calling others to act, governments, private sector, we call up on, I mean, the United Nations to do. And that's okay, I mean, that's important for you to voice and to, I mean, say what exactly you think is important to be done. But I think what's extremely important is defining what the participant themselves are going to do. Because, I mean, we are not a passive actor in this process.  I here represent the United Nations, I'm very interested in taking, I mean, these recommendations and to learn more about what we can do together. But I mean, if you give me one recommendation, that will be fine, okay. This is important, it will influence my work. But if you give me idea for us to work together, that would be, I mean, something that we can directly impact the life of so many people around the world. So I'm always, I'm trying to push this, I'm fighting this, I would say, passivity somehow in the way that we call others only to act, and sometimes we forget that we have a share in this. So do you think we can come up with some concrete ideas out of this summit? Not only for others to act, but for the participant, the 500 participants, to do something together. I think that's probably what we should take in, I mean, what everyone should take in from the conference. I mean, just realize that you're, firstly you're not alone in wanting to change the world somehow one way or the other in each's own way. But the fact that there's, I mean, just the fact that there's other 500 people that had, I mean, that came all the way to here for the conference and that you have the support of them and that you can, I mean, not only just be inspired by them, but literally just be in touch with them, have them help you, I mean, have them be at contact in that country that you never knew. I think that's amazing on the power of these 500 people here and how can they inspire others around them. So I think that it's definitely, I mean, the world is gonna be ours in a few years. I mean, we're gonna be the old ones and let's hope that we keep being young and the fact that we inspire ideas and that we came up with amazing stuff to do. I mean, being young is an attitude to life as well. So you need to keep this attitude when you accept change and you are willing to be part of transforming things as well, not to keep things as they are, right? I would like to discuss with you, if you don't mind. I mean, what about your priorities for post-2015 development agenda? An issue that is important to all of us for the UN system for member states and also for municipal society organizations. And as you said, it will be ours, I mean, our work that we need to carry and we need to protect. So what do you think we should be done? I mean, what are the priorities? And let's talk a bit about post-2015 development agenda. What do you think is important for young people in this development agenda, why it's important as well? I have my answer, but I'd like to hear from you as well. I think, as was mentioned yesterday, I think, it's really important that this time no one is left behind. Because even though many of the goals were accomplished in many countries like Brazil, China, other countries, especially Sub-Saharan ones, were a little bit left behind in many of the aspects. So I think it's important this time to not to let them behind in the whole process. Like, somehow make the accomplishment of the goals more even among the countries. What do you think? I think for me, one of the key goals should be empowering youth. And what I mean by that, I mean, more specifically, education. And education can be both more, I guess, classical sense, but also educating young people in the skill sets that will enable them to compete and engage in the modern economy. And I think especially today, we are still recovering from a recent economic crisis. And one thing that governments around the world are starting to recognize is the incredible power both of young people, but also of youth entrepreneurship. Of course, there's also a danger to this, the fact that unemployment, especially among youth, can bring great instability. But at the same time, it's incredible opportunity for us to find new ways of putting young people to work and encouraging young people to develop their own businesses and use their unique perspectives to pursue new avenues that might previously have not been considered. I fully agree. I think it's important. You know, I think one of the issues we have with the many education systems we have around the world that they are so good in graduating job seekers, not job inventors and job creators. And if you're looking out to the projection, we're talking about more than 500 million jobs need to be created in 15 years. And for me, nobody can create alone, I would say, this number of jobs. So we need to change the discourse. We need to move from job seekers to a generation of job innovators and to make sure that there are entrepreneurs and they are supported, but they need to be supported as well to be an entrepreneur, to realize that you have so many challenges around you, but you are not a mean giving up. You continue to fight and to find a way to make it work. That's what makes an entrepreneur. I mean, there's no entrepreneur without being challenged. If everything is available, you can't be an entrepreneur because it's an easy job for you to get it. And you yourself as an entrepreneur, so tell us. Being an entrepreneur is hard. I mean, it's the greatest thing I've ever done. It's been such a learning experience since I moved from an office desk job to sort of entrepreneurship. I think that entrepreneurship is definitely not for everyone. And this is one curious thing, like we as entrepreneurs, we still need people to, I mean, to do the job that we create, right? So not everyone can be an entrepreneur. Here in Costa Rica in particular, I mean, I think Costa Rica is leading Latin America and innovation and we're very proud of that, but still our educational system is very, very much focused on creating job seekers. That is, it amazes me. I think that there should be a shift to that. I had the chance to meet, one other thing that's on the subject of education, had the chance to meet Osman Ríez, which is a Pakistani, literally like a prodigy musician. He's spoken on a TEDx here. He's a Ted Fellow.  Like he'd never had any formal education because he didn't have access to that in Pakistan. And now he's like he literally travels the world playing his music, because he's literally like a music genius. And this is one thing that I think is gonna shift soon. I'm really not sure how it's gonna happen, but like traditional education is gonna change. We have the internet now. And even though right now, like sort of graduating from the internet is not credited as a job or as a title, I think it's gonna be very, very soon. And we're sort of traveling to that. Right now we're, there's people doing jobs that didn't exist 10 years ago or five years ago, you know, the whole social media movement and so on. So these kind of jobs, I mean, the only school you have is the internet. You know, I was reading an article about jobs that would be needed in 10 years. And some of them, they sound very crazy to me, but I think they will be very much needed. So, and some jobs that we think are prestigious now, they will be irrelevant in a few years, maybe a publicity, what do you think? I mean, we have education and also nobody left behind. I think it's also including fighting poverty. But what do you think also is important? I agree with the not leaving people behind. I think it's important to try and connect as many people as we can. But I also think it'll be useful to establish when the post-2015 agenda, how we're going to look at MDGs, are we going to look at them on a global scale, a national level or like local, is everyone going to be working together? You know, so people don't get left behind or are people going to be ahead of others because they're concentrating on different areas? Because not every country is affected by the same MDGs. So how do you work together to solve them? Here was the challenge, but there are so many issues that are global now, including going with climate change, for example. And I think it would be interesting to see, I mean, the universality aspect of post-2015 development agenda, how it would be articulated as well. Yeah, so what do you think? So I'm glad you brought up climate change because that's kind of what really is my interest. And I'm glad that this conference is putting so much emphasis on environmental sustainability, which is one of the MDG goals. And extending from Rio Plus 20 last year, where I was able to kind of see how the policy decisions were being made and how sustainable development and the green economy kind of these terms kind of are now driving the conversations at the high level panel. And so for me, I think that's really a key priority is like for long-term sustainable growth that we ensure that we make sure that there are concrete solutions for climate change and environment because these are systemic problems that's gonna affect people, local farmers, in impoverished countries. And so for me, I think that's something that I'm really interested in seeing how the conversations move forward. Well, the climate change is something very important to be mentioned here. You know, the Secretary of the United Nations made one of his priorities is achieving a globally binding agreement, legally binding agreement by 2015. And he invited world leaders next year to meet in New York at the time of the General Assembly to join forces and make sure we achieve this and our efforts to achieve this legal binding agreement and the climate change. And I like how he defined world leaders.  So everybody's invited to be part of that conversation. I think it's very important to use again ICT and making sure that we need to negotiate with each other to find agreement because at the end of the day, we can negotiate with the planets, right? We need to find a way that we make the planet more sustainable. Maybe before we close, I would like to ask you to challenge me and to ask me as well if there is a way as your envoy to the United Nations, I can be helpful as well. And if there are any idea that I can do it and I can implement to make sure that your voices are brought to the United Nations to the all, I mean, avenues where we are debating some global issues and the government's issues. So the floor is yours. Tell me, I mean, how it can be more helpful to you as well. I have a question for you. Yeah. So how would you say that the concept of development has changed since 2000, since, like, verse MVGs? How is the post-2015 agenda be going to be, is going to be different from the original MVGs? How has it changed? I think I can't speak about the process. But I mean, the end result is not clear yet because they're still debating the end result. So this question can be answered in one year time, maybe over two years, when we have the post-2015 development agenda clear. So we can see what's the difference in trends and issues. But I can speak about the process. The process is different in the sense that we have now a very inclusive process. I'm fully part of the spectrum at all levels. I mean, everybody participated online, offline, region. That was not the case in the MVGs itself. And I think it's very important. If you want people to commit themselves to the implementation, they better own the thing. So I think there is a great sense of ownership now of the post-2015 development agenda. So this is major shift. And I think this, I mean, having the end people and all global cities are influencing, I mean, the debate is very important.  And you have the right, as well, to contribute with your thoughts about what should be done at the global level. Before we finish, just a few words about what they think should be done. Sure, I think, just going back to your original question just now, I think it'd be for us, it'd be fantastic to have you help us advocate for some kind of sustained structural mechanism by which young people can have their voice heard. I mean, this summit has been incredible in that regard. And it's generated an incredible amount of energy and ideas, many, many ideas over the past two months, leading up to this event, end up here at the event itself. And I'd really love to see this kind of energy and this kind of input from youth sustained, exactly. Structural, structural mechanisms.  And if you follow some of the news we have, I think we have some exciting announcements for more structural mechanism to work with the United Nations. One sentence, Eugen. So how it can be helpful? So I think going off what Trevi is mentioning, I think like positive feedback loops where it's a reiterative process where the conversation doesn't end after, like you ask for the voice of youth and you get it and then there's a document that comes out. I think like making it a more reiterative process will allow us to, will allow youth to feel that their voice are being heard and implemented. And so to help the United Nations and governments accountable to their commitments. So not only I mean sharing what you think, but you are mean helping them accountable to the implementation of their commitments as well. Absolutely. I wonder if you will make this Global Youth Summit an annual event so you continue to collect ideas. I promise to take this and discuss it with ITU. This is a promise. I don't know if ITU will thank me for that. No, I promise. Actually, we'll discuss it definitely. I hope by the end of this summit we'll be able to find a way to sustain it as well. I think the internet has given us like great examples on how people have collaborated. You see for example crowdfunding, crowd sourcing. I think that we, I mean we people here and I mean we youth can use this as a tool to communicate. I mean to get messages ahead. I mean it's been done before in the internet but I think through ITU I think it could be like a bigger close up. I mean if you're working directly with the UN on a crowdfunding campaign or a crowd sourced campaign which a million people want this or that, I think that is one particular way in which youth can not only like move their peers to act on something but to I mean to get the message out to you guys. I absolutely agree and I think it's just time to move our momentum from being just a virtual momentum to link it with real action. This is exactly what I like about this conference. I think I mean it's linked between a great momentum here in Costa Rica happening with all the participants but there are great momentum happening online as well with the crowd sourcing and with all the contribution we received in social media. So I think this is very important to continue after this event. Make sure that the outcome document is a roadmap for action, not only calling others but also committing ourselves for actions. I look forward to continue working very closely with you and thank you very much. It's a great pleasure to be here in Costa Rica and to have this refreshing dialogue for this creative concept of having youth engagement with ITU and with the government of Costa Rica and also with so many other partners who are sponsoring this event. I'm the youth envoy of the United Nations, Ahmed Lindawi. It's a great pleasure to be with you. Thank you very much and I look forward to work with you. Thank you. Thank you very much.


Another update on the Hazelwood Open Cut Mine fire. We're in the third week of fire operations and there's been some great successes by our firefighters that have been fighting this day and night. MFB, CFA, South Australian Metropolitan Fire Service, Tasmania, A6E, airport firefighters and Fire and Rescue New South Wales have moved into stations in CFA all to make this effort a big effort for Victoria, but yet we've still got a fair bit ahead of us. The fire itself has been worked on and worked on well. It's now well past the 50% contained area, but there's still a lot in front of us and we are aiming to get the fire in a contained position in the next 10 days is the hope. However, we're going to be challenged with a couple of days. It looked like it's going to be warm, dry and windy weather, but there might even be a shower of rain in there next week, so that may help us. Today, Rosemary Lister as the Chief Health Officer has taken another step about precautionary recommendations to those that live in more south and those that are over the age of 65, under the age of 5, so young children and also those who have got preconditioned heart or lung conditions or are women that are pregnant. And in saying that it's the target group that Rosemary's always talked about throughout the fire that need to be looking for respite in the initial stages and now if they live or work in the more south area are saying it's time to temporarily relocate, that is, leave home and go and live somewhere else for the next week at least. DHS have put in place that people can go and talk to DHS and the City of La Trobe about support, whether they need transport or need assistance with accommodation, whether they need support about their animals, whether it's talking about their medical needs if they're going to relocate and even if they need financial support, the DHS will be able to provide that under what is seen as the relief arrangements and really important. So it's something that's really important for the more well south community to know that they are the ones that are being asked to reconsider where they are over the next couple of days and to build a plan and the reason for that is the fact that it's been a constant exposure to smoke that's got particulates in it, that EPA have been able to advise Rosemary as the Chief Health Officer to say it's probably time that you don't want exposure 24 hours a day and we've moved on from where she originally said it was just an hour or so to move in and out of Morwall. So it's the next step. It's not an evacuation. It's not an evacuation. If it was an evacuation that means people are under imminent danger and police would go in and ask them to leave and they'd lock up the suburb. People can come and go as they need. It's a personal choice but it's a really important message from Rosemary. So I think that's the best way to sum it up for what is now into the third week of this fire and it's certainly had big impacts on the Morwall community and I think we all have got big open hearts to think about those that live in Morwall and hope that we're giving them the right support that they need.