Hello everyone and welcome back to another video. So you join me with the data set and the file that we previously used in our last video where we use VBA to transpose a simple or ever-growing data table so that we didn't have to do it manually. We could literally just run our VBA script and it would paste into the sheet and just to give you a demonstration If I delete this and we run the code you can see that it's gone into sheet number one It's copied our data that we have in this format here And it's gone through to sheet number two and pasted it for us in a transposed manner The purpose of this video is literally to show you how you can add a few lines of code and have this Reorder your columns as you desire So often I've had this experience where I've had maybe a report that has or has not needed to be transposed And then I've been having to manually go through and cut columns and put them into different orders Not necessarily alphabetical order But just because of preference to however that report is needing to be done to be sent to a particular individual So we're going to show you how you can do that just as a simple extension of the code. We've already done So looking at the code window we've got on the left-hand side here You can see at the moment we've obviously stored our data. We've stored it as an array. We've then transposed our data So you might not need this particular step I've got here and it will work perfectly fine All you need to do is store your data in array and then you can Not include this transpose section But I will be leaving it in there for the purpose of the video And this is the part where I simply now go and paste it all into the range But we don't want that what we want to do is we want to reorder these columns Just on the random format just as whatever is desired by our stakeholder So all I'm going to do is just comment out this one at the moment Just put a net in front of it just so that line might execute add some couple of rows And now we're going to show you how we can reorder Our data basically by simply just selecting them out the columns that we want in a particular order that we want them All we need to do is if you go w or go with Ws2 and We go in with statement down here and the reason I'm doing it within a with statement is as you'll see it Just say it's having to type out ws2 multiple times So what we're going to do as it looks very similar in this first part here. We're simply going to go dot range Open brackets and we're firstly going to populate a column a so we want to go a one To a so we only want this data to go into column a and then we're also going to go into an and and what We'll need to do is go into last column So the reason I'm using last column here So we're basically saying in our range We want our range to be in column a and we want it to go down to row last column And if you remember in the last video, we're using last column because before we transposed our data last column Indicated the last date of data that we had available and because it's been transposed obviously that's now going down into rows So hence that's what we're using last column So not to get confused in there with last column and obviously your normal understanding of need and put a row reference here Once we've done that we can go close brackets dot value equals application Dot index Open my array. Oh So my array comma comma one close brackets Done so what I'll just quickly do is I'm just going to populate the rest of these just so we've got all of our columns here So we're currently got nine and then we can obviously continue on and I'll show you what we're doing Okay, so I've been through and populated all of that for our existing columns So if I'm just to remove this row here And we can come down to here You can now see that for columns a through to I so obviously our columns a through to I we have here that I've now Obviously put a reference to each column in terms of pasting the data So you can see this range here value is going to equal obviously the output and at the moment in my array Obviously, we've got these nine different fields to call them that for just for easiest and to Index or reference each one of those columns of data All we need to do is use this simple application index of my array And we want to look at the reference of one and so on through all these files So if we just delete our data here and let's rerun this You can see at the moment It looks exactly the same as it did previously when we had that simple line of code Well, just now actually delete it out here just for not to get confused So after so that gives us exactly the same look and feel if however We didn't want it to be in this order and like the purpose of this video And let's say we wanted city three then two then one All we simply need to do here is go down into our data into column g and just say actually We don't want the seventh Index or column within our data set we want this to be the ninth and we want the seventh to be shown down the bottom here And let's also say that we don't want Edinburgh to be in the fourth position We want it Edinburgh to replace Birmingham. So all we need to do is go to Edinburgh What's the fourth one here and we know Birmingham is here and simply change that to the four and that to a two So if we now Delete our data here or actually what we could do is we could copy this and just paste it on this row here And I was clear these this data up here just so you can remember where our data was now when I run this code You can see how it's all been changed for us So we've now got obviously Edinburgh in position number one here rather than Birmingham And obviously Birmingham is now showing in here rather than Edinburgh and also city three to one order rather than one Two three So I think that's a bit of a short video really because we've done a lot of the content in the previous video If you haven't seen that previous video go check it out now Hopefully there'll be a link on the screen somewhere But that would be a bit more context on how all this code on the left here What it means and how we used it to transpose our original data And then once you're happy with that you all you need to do is use these additional fuel lines of code Which give you the flexibility to then dynamic or not dynamically but to reorder your data as required It's worth mentioning though. We in our first video. We touched on how this was very dynamic So regardless of if new data was added or like as into rows or columns It would pick up our new data The only thing to remember when it comes to using this next bit of code is obviously it's fixed So if you are wanting to have more More data like add like say I can't have a move on to we've got nine rows of data If you wanted to add like a tenth or further Obviously, you would have a limitation. You'd need to make sure you are then still referencing that in here I think I've got the moment So if you're looking at this and transpose data if your number of cities wasn't going to increase any further that was fixed But you're adding more dates that would work fine It's only because these are referring to obviously as it looks here our initial rows So, yeah If you're going to add additional rows and then transpose the data and then use this technique technique to reorder It will be fine And you can continue adding as much date or new dates and dates information as you require But if you want to add new cities, then obviously you'll need to make sure that you're updating it in this with statement Else they won't be included in your data But I said I hope you enjoyed that video Please do give it a like if it's give you an answer to your question or if just showing you something new I'm sure you will find this definitely useful at some point in your Excel career Lastly, you haven't already please do subscribe to the channel and hit that Bell notification button So you are notified of all of our future videos and lastly Thank you very much again for watching and we'll see you in the next video


Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon to everybody and welcome to the European Central Bank Legal Conference 2023. Also on behalf of the Executive Board of the ECB that is supporting this initiative. For those of you who do not know me, my name is Cara Zillioli. I'm the Director General Legal Services at the ECB and I have now the great privilege to stand here not only as an organizer of this conference but also as a representative of a community bound by the quest for the preservation in a changing world of the fundamental principles of our society on which the society is built by the quest for the proper application of the rule of law nationally and internationally and in the last and the quest for justice. I'm excited to realize over the years that we have built a network that keeps increasing in size and coverage with the shared aspiration to push your excellence in law. Our gathering this year is particularly poignant as it marks the first time that we have been together physically in person since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. As I look around in the room it feels with a profound sense of relief and gratitude to see many of you having come all the way to here. The importance of human contact for the seamless and more intimate and more creative exchange of ideas that can take place in one room can never be overstated. The law is made by humans for humans and physical exchange is a cornerstone in the evolution of the law and in the evolution of all of us as lawyers. True in the years gone by when our dialogue had shifted to screens and pixel is still thrived and this demonstrated our collective resilience and adaptability. That situation though also taught us that while technology can substitute for many things it cannot replace the irreplaceable essence of human connection. The informal interaction from which often new ideas can spring. So I'm particularly happy to meet with all of you today. We have in the room judges practitioners academics and then lawyers from the legal services of the ECB of the European institution of the national central banks and the national financial international financial institutions. All of them in this room to discuss a number of topic and legal issues which are important for the functioning of the Euro system of the single supervisory mechanism of the EU. So to all of you welcome. I also see in the audience some of the winners of our legal research scholarship of the last two years who have published their work in reputable legal journals for the first time this year to promote further contacts between the participants in the legal research project and thereby to promote further research. We have invited them and offered them to spend a day after the conference presenting their works in an internal seminar. So also to you a very warm welcome. At the same time we also have some attendees over streaming. The streaming of course is a technology that makes it possible to reach beyond the four walls of this room. So what will be the issues that we're going to discuss in those two days. You have the program so you know but I will nevertheless mention a couple of things. First of all let me mention that we never choose only one topic. What we strive is to capture the developments in various areas of law whether in monetary policy financial regulation human rights supervisory law or administrative law. We aim to be a cold run where the law mispractice and policy where theory confronts reality and where questions are not just raised but are also rigorously examined and answered. Why is such a multidisciplinary focus essential because the law does not operate in a vacuum. It is influenced by and exerts influence upon a multitude of sectors norms and even societal expectations. In a world that is even ever more complex interacted interconnected and laden with unforeseeable changes is not enough for us to be the masters of our own field or our own specialized domains. We must be cognizant of how different areas of law intersect diverge inform one another. We must also be ready to adapt and evolve as the legal landscape undergoes its inevitable shift. A critical actor in this development is the judiciary. I'm particularly thrilled about the president's the presence of several judges in the room because judges play an indispensable role in providing interpretation that can change the course of law for generations setting precedence and shaping the legal framework. The presence here not only enriches our discussions but serves as a reminder of the vitality and dynamism inherent in the law. It underscores that why legislators may lay down the law. It is the judges who often set course through their wisdom their judgments and their interpretive insights. The panels have been consciously construed to allow for a constructed dialogue between academia the practice and the judiciary. We believe that this symbolic relationship symbiotic excuse me relationship will lead discussions that are both theoretically robust and practically invaluable. So what is expecting us in substance. The title of the conference you have seen is treading softly how central banks are addressing current global challenges. The central banks bankers among you will know that this is a visual description of how central banks move very carefully into uncharted territory but they do move. We will now start the day with a keynote speech by our board member Frank Helderson on a topic that is not just timely but essential clear climate litigation. As we all are aware climate change poses an existential threat but it also poses a myriad of legal questions for the CBS banking supervisor climate change encompasses also financial risk and litigation risk that can have repercussions on financial institution to and therefore need to be addressed. We will move them to the first panel and this is an exciting exploration into the growing significance of the ruling of the on the preliminary references of the court of justice of the European Union. In an age in which the legal landscape is rapidly changing these rules ruling serve as a compass guiding us through the complex maze of interpretation adjudication and development of you long. The significance of such judicial instrument is evident also from its upward trends in terms of number or request for a preliminary ruling that are brought before the court of justice which led to the proposal of reform currently ongoing of transferring the jurisdiction to hear requests for some of these preliminary rulings to the general court. The future outlook of preliminary ruling in light of this reform will also be examined by the panel. Then comes the second panel of today which revolves around the role of the ECB secondary objective a subject that touches the core of the ECB function notwithstanding the primary objective of price stability the euro system is also tasked with the support in the general economic policies of the union with a view to contributing to the achievement of the objectives as delineated under article three of the TFU. The panel will discuss whether such supporting measures adopted by the ECB within the context of the secondary mandate imply different standards of independence accountability and proportionality. Thereafter we have the great honor to have today coming to our conference the president of the German constitutional court professor Stefan Harbert and he will deliver to us a keynote speech on a topic close to the heart of every legal practitioner the cooperation between courts and the role of fundamental rights the protection of fundamental rights in the european multi-level governor system is composed of several layers that complement each other and this variety of actors offers a unique opportunity for mutual enrichment and synergies the interplay between different levels of judiciary and the guardianship of fundamental rights become more vital than ever tomorrow we will start the day with a discussion of central bank communities and international sanctions russia's unjustified and still continuing war against ukraine and its people makes unfortunately the discussion around this matter very topical in a world where international financial sanctions are becoming more common as instruments of foreign policy the sanctity of the immunity granted to central banks to carry out their essential functions is increasingly coming under scrutiny how do central bank communities coexist or collide with the objectives and enforcement of international sanctions and how should this legal complexity be navigated to preserve not only the stability of the monetary system but also the tenets of international law this panel is not just an academic exercise it addresses issues that have real world implication for the functioning of central banks and the execution of international sanctions the next panel will explore the role of central bank and prudential authorities in the legislative process and the often complex relationship between central banks prudential authorities and legislative bodies focusing on how these entities interact to create a regulatory environment that is both stable and agile the panel will serve as an opportunity to discuss the impact of ecb opinions but also of other legal instruments of the ecb which interact with the adoption and application of legislative provisions examining their role as gap fillers in the legislative process and identifying the legal consequences of the inter-institutional power dynamic at play this will be followed by a panel on the incorporation of the environmental considerations in supervision of prudential risk looking into the crossroad of environmental law and financial regulation examining how sustainability factors are becoming an integral part of risk assessment and management of indie in financial sector the panel will delineate how environmental considerations have been recently incorporated in the supervision of prudential risk by looking into the concrete measures the ones that are currently being adopted in this regard explaining how the inclusion of climate relations consideration is in line with the ecb primary mandate and with the objectives of prudential supervision and finally in the last panel we will devote some time to reflect on the concept of monetary sovereignty in an increasing interconnected and globalized world the old age notion of sovereign control over a nation currency is being tested as never before new technologies like cryptocurrencies the rise of regional economic blocks the shifting of geopolitical dynamics are pushing the boundaries of traditional legal frameworks several questions arise what does it mean for a nation or a group of nations to possess monetary sovereignty in the 21st century how do international agreements and institutions influence or constrain the sovereignty and in a multi-layer jurisdictional landscape like the one of the european union where does the sovereignty of individual member states and and the collective sovereignty begin especially in the real monetary policy central bank digital currency which are being studied and tested by several central banks are also relevant both for the concept of monetary sovereignty and for their import impact on the international role of the euro through this panel we seek not only to understand the current paradigms but to anticipate the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead grappling with implications for central banks international organizations and sovereign states let me now extend my deepest appreciation to our esteemed speakers your contribution not only provides the backbone of this conference but also drive forward the field of law to our audience both physical and virtual thank you for being an active part of this journey your queries your insights your proposals and even your skepticism are vital ingredients in the intricate recipe that makes for groundbreaking dialogues of lasting impact this is more than a conference it is a marketplace of legal ideas a forum for spirited debate and a catalyst for future collaborations i encourage each and every one of you in the room to actively participate ask questions offer insights share your experiences it is through this collective exchange that we broaden our horizon and deepen our understanding enhancing not just the discourse but the very fabric of the legal practice let us be both curious and critical open-minded open-minded and discerning may we just not listen but here in depth and we may not just speak but profoundly contribute this conference is not merely a reflection of what the law is today but a no man of what it could become tomorrow it is the epitome of what we can achieve when we contribute and could combine intellect with initiative and theory with practice in closing i'd like to express my heartfelt thanks to everybody who played a role in bringing this event to fruition from the diligent team at the european central bank to the esteemed sponsor in the executive board and all the behind the scenes heroes whose name may not be limelighted but whose efforts shine bright ladies and gentlemen let us now start i look forward to two days of rigorous dialogue meaningful insights and hopefully transformative conclusions thank you very much


attention now to football on the Sportsmax Zone. The awards ceremony for the 2023 Trinidad and Tobago Secondary School Football League SSFL was held early on Thursday at the Cooper Point-Lisos Chamber of Commerce. Trophies and medals were handed out to senior boys, champions of Fatima College and girls' national intercoll champions Pleasantville Secondary. We have bites and sounds from the ceremony. Out of the secondary school football league, in 1964 we have started us around about 10 schools. And in 2024 we have about 100 plus schools involved with over 8,000 rears. Sometimes I wonder if you really understand the magnitude of the work done by the SSFL. Because right now, the truth being told, it's the only competition at this point in time that facilitates for so many students at each school the latent breadth of Trinidad and Tobago. When you merge the two of them together, you get a marriage that is so significant and potent. The magnitude of it stands alone to let you know. As long as you understand the importance of your academics and you look into the talent of the player, the sky will be your limits. Football is number one and the bridge throughout the classroom. Sports and the moral world is central for the academic education. And on this technical level, the secondary school football league is the brilliant ground for great Trinidadians today in football. It has been about 9 years. While the secondary school football league came into being in 1964 in all of its years. In 2017, when sportsmen have seriously gone to the partnership with secondary schools football, we were happy to be a part of the whole list, not to mention one of the best of the college football leagues in the region. And it gave me the opportunity to play all of it in the continued growth and development of the league. Sports and the secondary school football league is second to none. And we put more into our podcast with no compromise. Over the past 7 years, we continue to draw a great community itself. They ensure that we have connectivity at every school ground and stadium we podcast from. And every year we try to build on the previous as it pertains to the matches and the coverage. It is my pleasure to offer congratulations to all of you participating. This first time, the growth and approach of investing in youth in sports has not been any historical synonymous with our proven model of success across various sports. Coca-Cola remains committed to the development of the football international league as our ground continues to support various football programmes to our hands and bodies in all markets that we operate. And yes, we are trying to be equal in some of the different. Coca-Cola, once again, pledges a commitment to remain a protective sponsor for the Coca-Cola boys and girls in a country that is important about the secondary school football league, for the 2024 season and beyond. Congratulations of course to both the schools that walked away as winners. Tim, we heard from Brian Lewis just now and he spoke about the importance of the SSFL when it comes to the development of football in Trinidad and Tobago. And I always say it starts at the grassroots level. It starts at the school level. So I think I really endorse what he said there. We heard from our own Kerry Gibbons from Sportsmax. He also spoke about our involvement in the SSFL and I think that's something I'm very, very happy about. Learning about Sportsmax had a lot to do with my involvement in sports and with the big market that Sportsmax has when it comes to Trinidad and Tobago. I know growing up everywhere it would go and even up till today, Sportsmax would be on the channels all across the country and I know we have a big market when it comes to Trinidad and Tobago. So I'm happy that of course, we could play our part here to develop the football in Trinidad and Tobago for quite some time. We've been talking about everything like on the field issues. We've been talking about normalization committee, this, that but now we're moving forward and I think the SSFL will have a big part to play when it comes to developing future stars of the game. And the thing is the fact that it's being broadcast as extensively as it is is setting a platform for the development of the sport in the sense of I think the benefit of the Sportsmax involvement in the SSFL will begin to bear fruit in many years to come. Yes it is good now that it is happening but I think the benefits and the spin-offs will become more impactful in the years ahead when people recognize how far reaching their talent can be viewed globally. But I just want to add to that because you speak about the long-term benefits but I think just right now because it's so easy for the players to go on our YouTube page, get footage of themselves that's so important because for quite some time without our coverage of certain competitions these video footage were not readily available and I speak to some of the players I can talk about the JPL here in Jamaica because when I interview the players and I say so do you have any footage of yourself? Well you know everything is on Sportsmax so basically I can go find it myself but I think it's just a sigh of relief because for me this is available you no longer have to sit down and hope that you can just record some amateur footage with your phone, Sportsmax has presented that platform for these youngsters so the world is theirs for the taking because now you take this professional footage you know those that follow us on YouTube and I'm talking about the Scouts and the big competitions and everything they can just type the players name Ricardo and they find them and it's top-class footage. Yeah very much the case it's important and I think also not to be forgotten ceremonies like these are so important for the youngsters because as a youngster yes you perform on a stage and you do well but it's extra special when you get the opportunity to go to a ceremony that is dedicated to you and to your performances and hear your name being called or the name of your school and just getting the opportunity to walk up and receive your medals or trophies or whatever the case might be and trust me take that from someone who played high school sport I got one opportunity to do that with Calabar when we won an under-19 cricket title in 2005 and I promise you guys it's a real special feeling. Yeah all right well Mariah says yeah like yeah I have trophies. Hello I have... You mean Kurdish most trophies? No I have actual trophies from like sports day in school. What type of trophies? Modeling? No Ricardo from like sports day in school You mean when you made Charisma run for you? No that was another time but... It was another time. That's a true story. Of course it is she told us herself. It's embarrassing. It's not that's all the time we have for this part of the segment but of course you know coming up next we have Lance Whitaker and he'll be on the track.


Hi guys, my name is Corinne and I took the ITTT online training course. I really enjoyed it and thanks to my certification I am now teaching English in Florence, Italy. So I'm going to give you a quick tour and show you a little bit of my work. This is the political house in Piazza della Signoria. This is where all the action happens. Unfortunately today we have a rainy day but it's such a beautiful city. And here we're coming up to the little leather market where you can find all kinds of goodies, verses, and wallets, jackets, everything you could ever imagine. And this is where I work, Parola Italian Language School. This is Luca and it's only his second English class ever. So we learned a couple of things last week and now I'm going to have him show me. My name is Luca and I'm from Italy. I'm from Italy. We learned the verb to be. So repeat after me.  So like I said before, I really liked my course. I thought the tutor support was helpful. I thought the course materials were clear and easy to follow. So I highly recommend ITTT if you're looking for teaching English. Hope you liked the video.


Alright ladies and gentlemen we back Today well, I guess it's the same day I think I'm uploading twice today because the technical difficulties is over I did one full compilation reaction earlier today But now we've got to get nitty gritty in a specific game that I've been thinking about recently my father hit the mic It was game seven Cavs versus Celtics back in 2008. I just a crazy duel between LeBron and Paul Pierce and I just I just want to speak to LeBron's greatness in this video. They didn't win Spoiler alert LeBron and them didn't win the cat the Celtics went on to the championship But the highlights of this game if I remember correctly are ridiculous one of the best game sevens I've watched with my eyes, but it's also been 12 years since I've seen it because I watched this game live It's been 12 years since I've seen this game So I just remember LeBron and Paul Pierce going at it and this video has like 1.3 million views So obviously a lot of people agree that this is just one of the best games ever Obviously look at this look at the idea I mean they had to be popping the firecrackers and everything But they were guarding each other from for most of this game Paul Pierce and LeBron They were going back and forth back and forth There's no reason for LeBron to have this team in this series Rondo is basically in his prime of this post at this part Paul Pierce obviously he dropped 40 this game. He was he was in his prime basically And look they're bringing his double team for a lot of the game because what the heck has been wildest Gonna do on off as a side of the ball But um this Celtic team was ten times better than the Cavs on paper But the fact that LeBron had them in the game seven in the Easter Conference finals Just tells you how good this young LeBron James was at this point He's your five year six of his NBA career and yeah, you can just look at the at the floor It was just a way different basketball game back there because there's no space if from either team We had Kendrick Perkins and Kendrick Perkins and KG on one side Then we have been Wallace and big ill galskis on the other side and I don't want to pay to fool y'all It was galskis could hit a three, but he wasn't shooting threes We talked about a player that in 2k is three-point ready to be up in the 90s and on my team But in reality, he'd never attempted more than one three a game in his NBA career You know I'm saying so he had the ability to sometimes hit him But there was no spacing and it was just just good bad It's just a different time and I feel like some of you younger viewers may not have seen these type of games So here we are Been Wallace at this point is 33 years old. So you like Kenny been Wallace is good at this point been Wallace was not I'm sorry. He was okay. I'm not gonna say he was bad. He was okay at this point Um, definitely not the defensive player the year player that I would he was in his prime But look at this man LeBlanc man He just didn't have much help so I seen this game seven if I remember correctly The second lead to score in this series for this team was Wally Zerbiek. Oh, I don't remember that play Geez get up LeBron And I'm saying it like it's live like I don't know if he got up or not But the second leader score in this series for the Cavs was Wally Zerbiek And if I remember correctly, I don't think Wally Zerbiek scored at this game seven. Just didn't show up And that's hard. That's that's hard when your second leading scored. Don't show up at all Anyway, so it's literally the blonde James. So I think he scored about 50% of the team points by himself And you can see just how great he was they're trapping him on the double James Posey can't do anything PJ Brown is on the same bra for God the PJ Brown was on the same Paul Pierce though I talked about LeBron, but I got talked about Paul Pierce in this game And I made a tweet yesterday saying that Paul Pierce was more athletic at 32 years old than he was a 19 year old It was a joke obviously, but like Paul Pierce is like fine. Why is it seem like as long as he got like the longer He got in his career He's got better and better until obviously everybody hit that point where they just start to decline But I feel like at 30 plus 30 years old. He was better than he had ever had been in 2008 It's not much you can do about it Talk about a player that can that can dominate the game with very minimum athleticism You know, and that's something to admire. That's something to admire I know Paul Pierce is not one of the more talked about NBA stars. He's gonna be a Hall of Famer obviously But he had this skill set where like look at this man's body He had a dad by the whole basically the whole entirety of his NBA career and he was so methodic in the way He scored the ball It didn't matter that he had a dad by I didn't matter that his vertical wasn't nothing He just scored the ball effectively and efficiently, but here we go with the matchup I think LeBron realized that Paul Pierce is just too too slow to keep up You know I'm saying he just realized he's too slow And I think the largest lead for the Celtics in this game is like 15 But LeBron kept him in this game man Look at Paul I don't know how he gets that open in the game seven. We already has like 20 points, but he did Yeah, but he did LeBron goes baseline on KG. We're talking about one of the greatest defenders of all time couldn't hang That's a KG though. I didn't like this team. I really liked the Rondo Man, I really like Rondo and the more I rewatched a lot of these highlights since we're in quarantine The more I realized how great Rondo was Um He had a game game six of next year 2009 against the Bulls. It was a game six. Maybe it was game four. I'm thinking about Ridiculous the best player on the floor Undoubtedly and we're talking about we have their roles in the court. We have KG We still have Paul Pierce Ray Allen, but the best player on the court that game was Rondo You know what that wasn't game six because game six. I think I Think Ray Allen had 50 something Ray Allen was the best player on the court that game But a lot of those games Rondo was a man if it was for Rondo in that series You know what KG wasn't in that series my fault KG was not necessary either way back to this one What a take from from the truth How do you always end up in a stance? It's like the third time in this video. Oh, you know you saw that I know y'all saw that hold on While he's Irving at zero points for fouls That was basically your second lead to score for this series and he didn't put up a bucket As if he was scored just a little bit, you know and one And one and one You know around this time of this NBA career LeBron wasn't basically powering through people like he does nowadays You know I'm saying he used a lot more finesse good pass.  I was gonna make a joke, but I'm not going to but he wasn't really bullying people back there like he does now I think that's something he learned throughout his career Like literally there's not many players in the NBA that can stop me from getting to the paint if I put my shoulder down And then once he figured that out it was the next level for LeBron, which is crazy to say because it's LeBron James a next level for him Yeah Perfect time and perfect perfectly bad play from Kiji Perkins But it ended up in the three-pointer K K perks to get that assist man because if you don't make that terrible pass attempt They don't get that three LeBron pull-up jumper Quiet than a crowd man and down by four They were basically trailing this entire entire game and shout out to the Celtics for keeping their foot on that on the next of Not letting them really get that lead ever Paul Pierce off the screen the midi LeBron tried to contest it But again, it's a very different basketball now 2020 nowadays They don't want people taking those type of shots was the mid-range put up. He got 31 out of their 60. Come on, man Come on, man. Paul Pierce is the truth for real But the mid-range jumper just wasn't a thing and then at this point LeBron wasn't really a good three-point shooter either Yeah He said that was LeBron's first three-pointer made in Boston. We're in a seven game series This is game four in Boston and LeBron has hit this first three in game seven with five minutes to go So they were just giving LeBron that much space the whole series But we did see a lot of LeBron, you know taking the mid-range More than anything and then now we got coach like coach Mike Brown's like we got to bring the double to Paul Pierce Cuz he's dominating whoever we throw at him But I say what he's just too small to get a hand in the face So LeBron tried to come with a double, but it was a little bit too late The deal abroad just knowing where he's at 103 fast break And one brah Pull up midi in his face and then the three the first three That's a good defense they brought they brought the double PJ Brown. Ew.  You can't complain for results man Capas Joe Smith bro Joe Smith played for like half the NBA teams He was everywhere for him a first overall pick literally was a dirty man played for so many teams I think he may be second in the league and most teams played for something crazy like that LeBron Delante I don't remember Delante hitting as many big shots as he has That's a big shot man. That could have been a foul Paul Pierce didn't get him that room to land But here we are into the third quarter. They're still down LeBron gets to the back the basket and foul by PJ. That's a good foul But now it's a four-point game with him in his left Rondo in the Dunker spot Rondo in the Dunker spot Right place right time six-point game six-point game 35 for Paul Pierce at this point. Wow Now we got the switch to get the Kg on him you like this matchup Oh James Posey certainly came over baby five-point game That's a great defense by LeBron. Paul Pierce is just on fire this game. It didn't matter It did not matter there Let's go seven point game at this point seven minutes left LeBron It's another one It's another one. That's a tough shot, bro. They're quieted the crowd. They had a little momentum for Boston Why am I watching this like I don't know the results like it's again, it's been 12 years as I've seen these live Jesus Christ Paul Paul Some tough shots bro some tough shots Paul Pierce career Andy Fisher 13 from 22 Super efficient LeBron another three Three-point game Yes, bro, yes, I'm telling this one the best game sevens that wasn't in the finals that I can remember Just a good duel from two of the greatest and I'm saying so both of these players would go on to be in the Hall of Fame eventually That's a tough shot, bro Third three in a game after not hitting any for the first three games in Boston These are the situations were like I do not fault him for not making it to the finals this year because his roster This roster is not good. It's the LeBron James show Sprinking a little bit delante Weston game seven, but other than that is the LeBron James show That's a tough shot KG Big ticket big ticket and he talking trash and he's talking trash by releasing it big ticket for real Shout out to Al's highlight world appreciate appreciate the the compilation my G And I'm sure a lot of people do this guy 1.3 million views on YouTube right now So a lot of people went back to watch this game because that's how Important it was. I mean What year is this? Yeah, Boston went on to win the championship Boston went on to win the championship this year Big big steal Great defense man. My Hollins on the bench is stuck it out here One point game One point game baby 18 seconds left But this is the moment they need both of these free throws He missed the first one Down by six 14 seconds left Is that sounds a Pavlovitch just a yeah, it's a shot. You know I'm saying you got the opportunity at the shots Paul Pierce Oh Man, oh, I don't remember that bounce he's smiling at it cuz he know that's it And that's pretty much that's the end of the game and LeBron did all he could He did all he could man And they they so reliant on LeBron James They were so reliant on LeBron James. He got off his board. It didn't look at any other player on the court Well LeBron It is what it is. I can imagine putting my table my back that much and that's it If you enjoyed the video leave it a like let me know of other specific games you want to see me react to I see I see a couple right here that I oh Wow PG versus yes a couple on this list that I would love to watch so just let me know in the comment section. Peace


This visualization explores the Orion Nebula using both visible and infrared light. The sequence begins with a wide field view of the sky, showing the plane of our Milky Way galaxy, then zooms down into the scale of the Orion Nebula. The visible light observations from the Hubble Space Telescope and the infrared light observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope are compared, first in two-dimensional images and then in three-dimensional models. As the camera flies into the star-forming region, the sequence cross-fades back and forth between the visible and infrared views. This color composite mosaic of the central part of the Orion Nebula is based on 81 images from the European Southern Observatory very large telescope in Chile. The famous trapezium star appears near the center, amid the trapezium cluster, the very crowded home of more than a thousand young stars. Researchers will train the James Webb Space Telescope on this region to study phenomena associated with the formation of stars and planets.


فشرف بل اشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دادا دالا وياله من شراف عظيمي الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد للحسن والثناء الجميل واشدوا الله إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهد السبيل واشدوا أن سيدنا والنبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان اليوم الدين أما بعد اليوم سيكون لدينا أول لسن إلى مدخل عقيدة المدخل عقيدة اليوم إن شاء الله وإتعالى سوف نأخذ مجموعة عقيدة عقيدة براظز هذا الذي يؤمن فيه فيهم لذلك كما أن شاء الله وإتعالى سوف نراه اليوم بإذن الله الكريم الأشياء التي يؤمن with عقيدة المدخل العقيدة هي هذا الذي يؤمن في الهاتف وإن شاء الله وإتعالى اليوم كما قلت أول لسن سيكون أن تؤمن ومجموعة من the chapters of عقيدة وإن شاء الله وإتعالى المدخل عقيدة سوف نأخذ مجموعة عقيدة هنا في المدخل العقيدة بإذن الله الكريم وإن شاء الله وإتعالى من اليوم سوف أستخدم المدخل لأكل مدخل من كل مدخل العقيدة وإن شاء الله وإتعالى سأنقوم ونشر every point and every word التي is written on the board إن شاء الله وإتعالى هنا لدي مجموعة أبواب العقيدة لذلك في المدخل العقيدة لدي مجموعة أبواب العقيدة ماذا يعني مجموعة is comprehensive but in this context it means an overview of the chapters of عقيدة if a person today wants to open an عقيدة book and they want to study عقيدة what is it that عقيدة deal with by reading عقيدة book what does it mean that I learn because many people don't understand عقيدة books they deal with these points that إن شاء الله وإتعالى you will learn in this lesson بإذن الله الكريم عقيدة it deals with two things or the chapters of عقيدة are two chapters the first one is أركان الإيمان the pillars of إيمان which إن شاء الله وإتعالى you're going to see which are these six pillars one two three four five and six and the second thing is ما يلحق بأركان الإيمان the things that are attached so ما يلحق يلحق means what attached to the pillars of إيمان the things that are attached to the pillars of الإيمان which are three إن شاء الله وإتعالى and I'm going to quickly go over over them and so in this introduction we're going to be taking these six and we're going to be taking these three and that is the introduction course the 16 hours of the مدخل of عقيدة is going to revolve around around those six plus those three and that should make nine إن شاء الله وإتعالى those nine headings or those nine chapters is what we're going to be taking إن شاء الله وإتعالى for our introduction to المدرسة العمرية let's start with the first of the six pillars أركان الإيمان as you all are aware of is from the famous حديث in صحيح مسلم من حديثه من حديث عمر بن الخطاب the famous حديث known as the حديث of جيبريل that is narrated by the companion عمر رضي الله وإتعالى عنه and it's collected in صحيح صحيح مسلم the حديث is also in بخاري but it's not narrated from عمر it's narrated from who it is narrated from أبو حريرا الله وإتعالى عنه that famous حديث that we know when جيبريل came to the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he said to the prophet أخبرني عن الإيمان tell me about إيمان what is إيمان and the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام he responded and he said to جيبريل الإيمان أن تؤمن بالله وملايكته وكتبه ورسله ورسوله وليوم الآخر وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره and the prophet told him these six that إن شاء الله that we're going to بإذن الله الكريم touch on the first one is of the six pillars of إيمان is to believe in Allah it's to believe in who it is to believe in Allah سبحانه وتعالى believing in Allah means you believe three things or another wording it is when three things are settled with you then we will say إيمان بالله of yours is intact it's according to how it should be it's in accordance with the methodology of أهل السنة والجماعة the first one is ربوبية the ربوبية and إن شاء الله وتعالى we're going to take what ربوبية means in more details this is an overview we don't need to explain it in this lesson we just need to know what's written on the board the second one is أل ألوهية أل ألوهية and the third one is أسماء وصفات so believing in Allah means you singu Allah in his ربوبية his ألوهية and he's that individual who singu Allah in the ربوبية is a believer believer of who? believer of Allah and he has fulfilled that condition of الإيمان بالله the second one is الإيمان بالملاعقة believing in the angels إن شاء الله وتعالى the explanation and the information pertaining to that will also إن شاء الله وتعالى be in our upcoming lessons إن شاء الله وتعالى the third one is الإيمان بالكتب believing in the books that were sent by and sent down by الله سبحانه وتعالى believing in the books that were sent from Allah سبحانه وتعالى the fourth is الإيمان بالرسل believing in the messengers that was sent by الله سبحانه وتعالى you believe in each and every one of them and that you don't reject one and rejecting one means you rejected all of them إن شاء الله وتعالى we will touch on that more further إن شاء الله وتعالى in our upcoming lessons بإذن الله الكريم the fifth one is الإيمان باليوم الآخر it is to believe in the day of judgment what does it mean believe in the day of judgment? how can one believe in the day of judgment? what explanations and what evidences are there for this we will speak about that in more details إن شاء الله in our upcoming classes بإذن الله الكريم the sixth one إن شاء الله وتعالى is going to be الإيمان بالقدر believing in the predestiny that which Allah has destined for you سبحانه وتعالى and that He has written for you what is it? and does one have to believe in it? and what does it mean believing in the قدر? those are the six pillars that I'm hoping إن شاء الله وتعالى that every single one of you has probably studied does know but إن شاء الله وتعالى we will still solidify ourselves with better understanding and more evidences إن شاء الله وتعالى and as you're all aware of my brothers and sisters who are watching that some matters you may think to yourself I've probably studied it before and I know it but the fact that it's repeated again and that it's told to you again it will solidify what you already knew and it's also upon the teachers and those who educate the people to start with them with the basic knowledge as إمام البخاري رحمه الله سبحانه وتعالى العالم الرباني is اللذي رب الناسة بالسغاري العلم قبل كباري is the one who nurtures the people on the small knowledge before he puts them and indulges them into the great knowledge or the big knowledge he starts off with the basic stuff and these are the most simplistic and the most easiest things that a believer studies and it's one of the most vital things that a person needs to know here on this side we have what we named ما يلحق بأركان الإيمان ما يلحق بأركان الإيمان is that which we will also follow up with the إيمان the إيمان and its six pillars or the six pillars of the إيمان these three are followed up with it in other words they are also dealt with in the books of in the books of عقيدة and those three are what مسما الإيمان here I have here مسما الإيمان مسما means what it means the term إيمان the term إيمان so the books of عقيدة you study what does إيمان mean what's the correct definition for it what are the things that nullify your إيمان what are the things that weaken your إيمان what are the groups who've opposed أهل السنة in the matters pertaining to the إيمان so in books of عقيدة and books of عقيدة you will see they talk about this issue of إيمان so you see they talk about the خوارج and then they speak about the مرجئة and then they speak about the معتزيلة and then they mention أهل السنة where they stand regarding this concept of الإيمان because the word إيمان my brothers and sisters the prosperity of this world and hereafter is connected to it what do I mean by that a person whether he can be buried with the Muslims whether جنازة can be prayed on him whether his wife can still be married to him whether his blood is is sacred all of that is connected to his إيمان so his إيمان whether he has it or not is very vital in this world and of course in hereafter because if this person does not have the إيمان that he should have he will definitely enter in the Hellfire forever and he will never come out of it and he will stay there forever he will get Allah's wrath and the list goes on all of that is to say that it is important that the reality of إيمان is understood because if a deficiency occurs in the perception of إيمان the comprehension of إيمان it means that a person who does not deserve this noble title will not get it I mean will not get his title and a person who is not be fitted to be a believer will be given the title the second one إن شاء الله تعالى is the issue pertaining to the companions أصحابة as you see here it says أصحابة أصحابة are the companions again there are groups who deviated from أهل سنة and they went against their path in the issue pertaining to the companions what did they do we find for example the شيع who came the issue pertaining to علي يبن أبي طالب رضي الله تعالى عنه and so they took him out of the Rome of being a human being and they gave him divinity and they said he's divine and they worship him and they made him infallible and then you find the خوارج and they took علي يبن أبي طالب out of Islam and they took him out of the fold of this religion so you have two extremes and you see أهل سنة who have taken the middle path and that is what we're going to be speaking about the issue pertaining to أصحابة last but not least we will be speaking about the issue of الإيمامة the issue of الإيمامة when we say the issue of الإيمامة we're going to speak about many things we will speak about إن شاء الله تعالى the issue of the rights that the Muslim leader has and the responsibilities that are upon those who he governs and can the people rebel against the leader we'll also be speaking about who can hold the خلافة for the Muslims and issues pertaining to that you tend to find all of these nine points in the books of عقائد and these are the مجمل these are the مجمل أبواب العقيدة they are the overview chapters of عقيدة so when you open an عقيدة book whether that book is عقيدة التحاوية whether that book is عقيدة السلف وأصحاب الحديث by الإيمام الصابوني أهل السنة أهل الحديث by أبو بكر الإسماعيلي or whether عقيدة is the book عقيدة الواسطية or whether the عقيدة is عقيدة أبو حاتم الرازي أنا مزورعة الرازي whether it's عقيدة عبدالغاني عبد الواحد المقدسي and the list goes on whenever you open those عقائد those books of عقيدة you will find that they speak about these nine topics many different subheadings come from it and so insha'Allah now that we've taken in this class what are the chapters that are dealt with in عقيدة insha'Allah in our next lesson بإذن الله الكريد we will speak about the first one of them the first one of them which is الإيمان بالله but before I let you all go I have to go over with you something that is as important as the class that we have taken today insha'Allah we will insha'Allah conclude with this بإذن الله الكريم and that is مزدر التلقي عند أهل السنة والجماعة مزدر التلقي عند أهل السنة والجماعة is مزدر means source التلقي is to take from according to أهل السنة and جماعة so in simple terms it means where do أهل السنة والجماعة take their evidences from where do they take their religion from and since we are talking about عقيدة where is it that one should go and take their belief from according to أهل السنة والجماعة they take their عقيدة from three sources one two and three the first one is الكتاب and the Kitab is the speech of Allah سبحانه وتعالى جيبريل came down with onto our messenger محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم this book that we have this 30 chapter on a 30 أجزاء 30 جز and 114 صورة there are 114 in the Quran and there are 30 جز on a 30 أجزاء that book speech of Allah سبحانه وتعالى the last testament that ever came down السنة means what السنة means ما أضيف إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من قول أو فعل أو تقرير أو سفة خلقية أو سفة خلقية أو خلقية anything that is attributed to the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام speech, action consent the way he looked and his character how many things did I say? speech, one actions, two consent meaning anything that was done in his presence and he acknowledged, he agreed four his appearance and how he looked last but not least his etiquette and his manners and the way he carried himself عليه الصلاة والسلام those five are called now as you can see I categorize the sunnah into two because this is a place where the deviated sects try to say that we only take one type of the sunnah and then we don't take the other type and the sunnah they take the متواتر and the Ahad both of them what is متواتر and what is Ahad متواتر means the narrations that come to us from the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم in a multitude narration it is large in quantity it's called متواتر Ahad means few don't say singular but say few because within Ahad there is مشهور العزيز and غريب it is the narration that comes to us لم يبلغ حد التواتر but it has not reached the amount of a متواتر it hasn't reached that number it's a few in number أهل السنة don't care they take Ahad whether that narration reached us in a multitude narration or whether it reached us in few narrations it doesn't matter to أهل السنة they are all acceptable and there are many evidences for that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he sent معاد ابن جبل by himself to Yemen to convey to Heed to convey are you with me he sent another companion the Prophet sent him to the leaders and the list goes on so rejecting a singular narration as ابن حزم sent رحمه الله إنه كتاب الأحكام أما الإحكام في أصول الأحكام الإحكام في أصول الأحكام he mentions رحمه الله ابن حزم he mentions that if a singular narration is rejected and it's not taken and we see that the Prophet sent معاد ودحية رضي الله تعالى عنهما may Allah be pleased with both of them if a singular narration was not accepted and it was rejected and ابن حزم said it would have been a waste of time that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم sent them and their statements weren't going to be taken it's basically insulting the Prophet's intelligence and his thinking to just waste two noble companions time and effort and send them to different lands to convey Islam but in reality their statement are not going to be taken because they are only one individual who are conveying this information does it make sense but in reality those who reject the hard narrations are indirectly trying to reject the سنة and that's what they're really trying to get to so no one should accept that from them أليجماع is also from the is from the things or from the sources where أليجماع they take their religion from إجماع إجماع is إتفاق مجتهدي هذه الأمة it is the agreement of a people who have reached a high caliber of comprehension and understanding in the religion but they have to be from this religion from this أمة they can't be from the Jews or the Christians they have to be Muslims and each they had from those scholars has to occur after the Prophet sorry that consent has to occur after the Prophet died because if it happens at the time of the Prophet it takes consent it's a تقرير إجماع is after the Prophet's death and there are types that it's categorized into but for what we need to understand in this مقدمة in this introduction of عقيدة if one asks you where do you take your religion from you need to say I take it from the Kitab I take it from the Sunnah I take it from the إجماع I take the Sunnah whether it's a multitude narration whether it's a few narration it does not matter to me that's where I take my religion from in other words this is a refutation on those who take their religion and their عقيدة from what intellect and logic does intellect say anywhere here anywhere here the عقيدة is any news it is information and it's news and you can't reach that conclusion with the smartness of your mind the way that your mind works and it doesn't come from that it has to come from these three sources and that is where you need to take your religion from last but not least عقاعدة is منجية من الضلال عقاعدة which saves you قاعدة منجية that saves you من الضلال from his guidance and that is what how do I understand the Kitab how do I understand the Sunnah and how do I understand the إجماع we said that the Kitab we said that the Sunnah and the إجماع those are the three sources we take our religion from the question is how do we understand it when can we say there's a consensus issue who can say that how do we extract a ruling from the Kitab how do we extract a ruling from the Sunnah this قاعدة is what answers that question and this قاعدة is a منجية منجية means what it saves you from his guidance it saves you from his guidance which is فاهم الكتاب و السنة and to understand the Sunnah يجب أن يكون على وفق فهم سلف الصالح the Kitab and the Sunnah both of them have to be understood يجب it is obligatory so فاهموا understanding الكتاب the book the Quran the prophetic tradition يجب it is obligatory أن يقول for it to be على وفق فاهم سلف الصالح the understanding of the pious predecessors so a person cannot just come to the Quran and the Sunnah and understand it the way they will and the way they wish the Quran and the Sunnah have to be understood in how the pious predecessors understood it so once we've affirmed that we take the Kitab and the Sunnah whether it's a multitude narration whether it's a few narrations and the consent once we've agreed that's where we take our religion from we also have to agree that the understanding in which we take to understand the Quran to understand the Sunnah and to even affirm it has to be based upon what upon how the Salaf الصالح the pious predecessors who've preceded us in good and that's where Allah سبحانه وتعالى He said in Surah Al-Toba ayah 100 in Surah Al-Toba الله says والسابقون الأولون the first generations the early comers from them is and they are the ones who migrated from Mecca and they migrated to Medina the second one Ahu the Ansar those who stayed and resided in Medina and they gave victory to the Prophet when he migrated to Medina they gave him victory Allah says those two groups والذين اتكبعوهم and those who follow them بيحسانون in good so those who follow them and that's us and we are not from the Ansar but if we want to be from those who Allah says look after that what did he say والذين اتبعوهم بيحسان رضي الله الله is pleased رضي الله عنهم ورضو عن Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Allah who is Allah pleased with who is pleased with Allah and who is Allah pleased with Allah is pleased with the Muhajiri Allah is pleased with the Ansar and Allah is pleased with those who follow them so in order to gain this reward of Allah سبحانه وتعالى being pleased with us and for us being true believers who are pleased with their Lord الله سبحانه وتعالى we have to come with these characteristics of understanding our religion understanding the sunnah in how the Salaf Al-Saleh the pious predecessors understood it that is our first lesson and insha'Allah we will take our second lesson next week until then السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته سبحانك الله وبحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله أستغفروك وأتوبوا إليه


Welcome to the Endnotes, where I put all the fun facts I can't fit into the main videos. Today, some extra bits of information from my video about the word education. And if you haven't seen that yet, click on the card. In that video, we discussed the word university and its etymology from Universitas Magistrorum et Scolarium, the Union of Masters and Scholars. But we didn't discuss the word college, which can have different meanings in British and American English. From the Latin word caligra to collect, the Latin word collegium, or its English derivative college, could refer to various types of collective groups. In an academic context, the first colleges, such as at Oxford University, were constituent parts of the university, and began as little more than endowed boarding houses for impoverished students, basically dormitories. Though over time, the colleges gained more autonomy within the larger universities, because some smaller institutions weren't divided into constituent colleges, they would sometimes be referred to as colleges themselves. And today, in American English, college and university are often used interchangeably. Now, as we also saw in the main video, as attitudes shifted after the Middle Ages, the emphasis shifted back to an education that emphasized human affairs with the neoclassical era. Furthermore, with the Protestant Reformation and its break from the Catholic Church, Protestant schools no longer taught Latin as a matter of course, as in the 16th century vernacular schools in Germany, and later the new schools popping up in the United States, which conducted a more practical education. While the first university founded in the U.S., Harvard, established in 1636, was a traditional liberal arts university, in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin founded the Academy and College of Philadelphia, which had a practical curriculum. And Thomas Jefferson founded the University of Virginia, which promoted secularism and science. And indeed, with the rise of capitalism, we see more of a focus on general skills and vocational education, with science becoming more and more popular in the 19th century and beyond. The ideal citizens that were being produced by these new educational systems were productive economic units. The Americans followed German educational practices not only in terms of teaching in the vernacular languages, but also in terms of progressive educational reforms. For instance, there was Herbatianism, named after German philosopher, psychologist and pedagogue Johann Friedrich Herbart, which emphasized the importance of individual development to societal contribution, and divided the learning process into the discrete steps of preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application. In fact, it was perhaps the Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who first pointed out the importance of understanding how children learn to the process of pedagogy. Rousseau's writings were influential on the Swiss pedagogue Johann Heinrich Pestalotsi and his student, German Friedrich Föhrbel, who stressed that children have unique needs and capabilities. These developments seem obvious now, but they were highly innovative in their day. Föhrbel's most lasting contribution to education is the invention of kindergarten, meaning literally, child garden from the German. Kindergarten made its way to the U.S. when one of Föhrbel's students, Margareta Schurz, opened a German language kindergarten in Watertown, Wisconsin in 1856, inspiring American educator Elizabeth Peabody to open the first English language one in 1860, and the idea spread. And since we began this video by pointing out the difference between British and American English usage, here too we see a divide, as North American kindergarten is typically called nursery school or crush in the U.K. As always, you can hear even more etymology and history, as well as interviews with a wide range of fascinating people on the Endless Knot podcast, available on all the major podcast platforms, as well as our other YouTube channel. Thanks for watching!


Our altcoin of the week this week is ELECTRONIUM, the first British cryptocurrency. The mobile currency is a fork of Monero, whose app is available on Android and soon to be on Apple. Why have people been talking so much about ELECTRONIUM? This is because ELECTRONIUM wants to take the technical out of technical knowledge and the knowledge out of technical knowledge. Essentially, ELECTRONIUM wants to make cryptocurrency exchanging and mining so simplistic that even your grandma can do it. ELECTRONIUM has one of the largest followings from its start after running one of the most successful token sales to date. From there, they have developed an app that allows you to manage your online funds by sending and receiving payments with the convenience of a simple QR code scanning. ELECTRONIUM also implements an easy-to-use mining aspect to their wallets that allows users to experience mining without any of the burdensome costs of investing in equipment or dealing with large amounts of overhead. On top of this, ELECTRONIUM claims to be faster and more secure than Bitcoin while at the same time offering more anonymity, while still being a usable asset. ELECTRONIUM claims to have an unhackable offline wallet where you can store the bulk of your ELECTRONIUM. Whether this is true or not, I am not sure, but if their tech team is as proficient as their PR team is hyperbolic, I think we are all in safe hands as their website claims the odds of the hack are as follows. If you imagine every grain of sand in the world as a lottery, the odds against someone gaining access to ELECTRONIUM offline wallet is the same as winning every single one of those lotteries at the same time. ELECTRONIUM has had a hard time taking off however. They are only listed on Cryptopia at the moment and on November 6th, they were hit by a DDOS hack that has shut investors out of their accounts for several days. Awkward. But that didn't stop ELECTRONIUM, and it shouldn't. It wasn't a hack on the walled themselves, and also, since they have cracked down and hired new talent, they are not giving up. And well, they shouldn't. Despite ELECTRONIUM hovering around $0.10 for the past month or so, it is a great idea that it is targeting over 2 billion cell phone users with a focus on mobile gaming and online gambling. That sentiment is often felt across their support system, which is full of hodlers who are quite happy to be like this. ELECTRONIUM wants to make their system so secure and efficient that exchanging money with a click is easier than exchanging mononucleosis with a kiss. That's right, it will make money as easy as getting sick. Imagine that. Oh. Oh wait. Money. Money is a sickness. It's a disease. I understand it now. Nah, I'm just kidding. Money is great. I love it. You love it. Of course you do. Otherwise, you wouldn't have spent the past three minutes watching a video wondering whether or not you should invest in ELECTRONIUM.


I want to know what Jason thinks about the humane AI pin, like as long as I just have it here. It's a really early example of like where I think this stuff is headed. And is it the right solution right now? Maybe not. Like some of the, like the projection onto the hand, that thing's a little bit silly, but I kind of understand why it exists. The more that I've seen the mobile developers or not just developers, but the people making the hardware, bringing their chips on device and doing some really cool things with it, the more it really makes sense. It's kind of like the humane AI pin is like another version of what I believe John AI and open AI are probably going to be working on it and that they're all going to be working towards. There's the road that humane AI is going down.  And if those two roads cross, you get what you want, which is ambient computing that is in your, in your head, in your eyes and easy to access. Just hopefully without a big headset, big clunky headset.


The power of water is often underestimated, even more so when it is used in the generation of power and the potential energy that can be devastating if uncontrolled. This would be the story in a town in northern Italy when the effects of a landslide would cause a monumental flooding incident. I think this is the first time that we've covered an incident in Italy, so salve. Today's disaster is tragic as the loss of human life was so sudden and dramatic. The disaster at the Veant Dam could have been avoided, however improper surveys and lack of proactive action led to a disaster over topping. Today I'm going to rate this subject here on my plainly difficult disaster scale. One of the tallest dams in the world sits disused at the foot of Montetoc, 60 miles north of Venice. The structure hoped to offer clean energy for the northern region of Italy, taking over 30 years from conception to construction, a time in which spanned a world war and several political changes in the country. When the construction was completed in 1960, a shocking disaster was not on the minds of the workers when they congratulated themselves on the monumental project just three years later. But how could an engineering marvel turn into a living nightmare? The first seed of a dam in the Veant Gorge was traced back to 1920s, however a couple of little known world events got in the way of the construction plans and work would begin in the 1950s after one of the little known events and a drastic government change of sorts was undertaken. SADE operated with Monopoly in the region. Ground was broken in 1956 in Le Veant Torrent, with works being mostly completed by 1959 with inauguration in 1960. During construction works the project's license was extended to allow the dam to be raised by an additional 61 meters from the original plans, making it the world's tallest dam at the time. In doing so, increasing the retention capacity to 169 million cubic meters instead of the 58 million cubic meters originally envisioned. The design of the dam made use of a double curve arch, made of concrete 261 meters high with a width of 160 meters. Intended to provide as much electricity as possible, the structure impressively loomed over the village of Longaroni. Longaroni was a small town on the banks of the Piave river. Its history goes all the way back to its establishment of a municipality in 1806, however the settlement's history goes all the way back to the Middle Ages. Geological studies had been undertaken in the area as early as 1928, with further studies in 1948 and more worryingly close to construction in 1957. In August of 1957 a vulnerable zone was identified, hinting at the risk of a landslide along the banks of the soon-to-be-filled reservoir. Waringly, nearby Montetocque was given the nickname The Mountain That Walks due to its known instability in the area. A local newspaper highlighted the local fears and legal action was taken against it for spreading false news and disturbing the peace. The basin began to be filled in early 1960 and within a couple of months small earth movements were recorded. A landslide was recorded in November when the reservoir was at a depth of 600 feet or 190 meters at an elevation of 645 meters, releasing around 800,000 cubic meters of material into the lake. The water level was decreased to a depth of about 450 feet or 600 meters of elevation and more investigations into the stability of the banks were launched. Between 1961 and 1962 tests were conducted on a 1200 scale model of the dam, the results led to a maximum filling elevation of 700 meters being set for the dam. Once again the lake was filled in 1962 up to a limit of 700 meters of elevation and once again movement was recorded in the banks and local residents reported cracks appearing on homes. Again the water level was decreased stopping the seismic activity. During 1963 the dam was filled above its limit at 750 meters and again the land around the dam and reservoir became unstable with land shakes and movements of up to 1.2 inches per day were recorded and this number was increasing daily. The dam's ownership changed from a privately owned monopoly to a government owned company named ENEL. The higher water level was exasperated by large levels of precipitation during the summer which also fed into the banks instability. Worried the operator decided to load the reservoir level again but this proved slow work. By September daily ground movements had increased to around 8.5 inches. A road that ran along the lake had deformed beyond use and by October disaster was inevitable with Monty Dock's south side collapsing with movement at around 1 meter per day. On the 9th October around 10.30 pm the landslip began. Over 260 million cubic meters of earth and rocks slid down the mountain at speeds of near 90 kilometers an hour creating a deafening roar as the material hurtled towards the lake. The water level at this point was at 700.4 meters of elevation just above what was thought to be a safe depth to prevent overflowing of the dam. The landslip cut off the electricity supplied to Longaroni plunging the doomed town into darkness. As the massive material from the mountain entered the reservoir it displaced the water within creating deadly tidal waves. It was predicted the volume of the slide was about twice the volume of the water held behind the Vellante Dam. A wave 150 meters high violently topped the dam flowing into the valley heading towards Longaroni. Powerful air streams first hit then the water and massive rock and mud flowed through the town decimating everything in its wake. Between 1900 and 2200 people were swept away by the uncontrollable flow. As seen here in these before and after photos the massive material had flattened Longaroni which was once a vibrant town was now a flat plain of mud. The dam itself was largely intact apart from a few outlying buildings for electrical management and control. The main structure had only minor damage to the top of its masonry. The destruction was inconceivable and the cleanup efforts would run into millions of man hours and even more in lira. Over 10,000 people were mobilized for the recovery and cleanup efforts led by the Italian army and many were volunteers. The works utilized hundreds of vehicles including bulldozers helicopters trucks and other construction equipment to try and recover any survivors and bodies. Around 73 people were saved from the water and rubble. Some 1600 drowned bodies were found with only around half of them eventually being identified. It is thought that around 350 families were entirely lost leading to the many unidentified victims. On Sunday the 13th of October a mass ceremony was held for the endless line of coffins. The site was selected on farmland nearby. In hindsight the dam should never really have been built where it was due to the large instability of the region and unfortunately the alarm bells were duly ignored. Even at a fraction of the reservoir being filled instability was recorded but unfortunately like with many construction disasters once enough money has been spent on a project it has to be completed even against the evidence screaming the opposite. On 11th October 1963 an investigation commission was appointed to determine the cause of the catastrophe and to find out who was responsible. This led to 1968 and on the 20th of February the assigned balloon or magistrate summoned 11 individuals to stand on trial on counts of negligent manslaughter due to the disaster being preventable. Three would die before sentencing with the remaining eight mostly being acquitted due to lack of evidence. However the lead engineer was sentenced in 1977 to five years of jail time although this was later reduced to one year. On 15th February 1997 the balloon old civil and penal court sentenced a private company who originally built the dam to compensate the town of Longaroni for damages totaling 55 billion lira covering property, non-property and moral damages plus another 526 million lira for fees. Longaroni was rebuilt with a population today of around 4,000. A pumping station was installed to keep the reservoir level low and a bypass tunnel was installed for water to flow around the dam. Although still in situ the dam is unused for its original purpose. The disaster highlights that it isn't always the dam itself that can fail but everything else around it and at the yont it seems that it was the right dam but in the wrong place. I have youtube membership as well from 99 pence per month and that gets you early access to videos as well. Check me out on twitter and also if you'd like to wear my merch you can purchase it at my teespring store and all that's left to say is thank you for watching.