What's going on everybody? Welcome back to some breaking news with Novak Djokovic out of the US Open He has been disqualified defaulted for hitting a lines person in the throat with a ball Not on purpose unintentionally. He didn't do it on purpose. It was reckless, but unintentional USTA have come out with a statement regarding the issue as well We'll go through that now in accordance with the Grand Slam rulebook following his actions Djokovic's actions of intentionally hitting a ball dangerously or recklessly within the court or hitting a ball and neg with negligent Disregard of the consequences the US Open Tournament referee defaulted Novak Djokovic from the US Open of 2020 So that is why that's what the USTA have said why he was defaulted Watching the footage straight away. You think what was that? Just an accident. Nothing happened But then looking at it again, you know throughout the match Djokovic looked frustrated He looked angry. He was hitting the ball. He was he hit a ball earlier in the set into the billboards So it just he just didn't look like himself today He looked a little bit frustrated a little angry and then this has happened Straightaway as soon as he knew it what he what he done. He turned around he apologized He ran over to the lady. He was making sure she was okay But yeah, it's it's such a shame. It's such a shame We're getting a new champion and you know you guys know that I've talked about I want a new champion But not like this. I didn't want a new champion because you know Djokovic or Nadala Federer, you know in other tournaments Had something like this happened to them, you know, this is the worst way to get a new champion I don't feel right about it, you know, again, we feel bad for the lady. I hope she's okay You know, you know, you don't expect to go out on court and and and get hit in the throat like that You know even by a serve at least you can see it coming that one out of nowhere but and we hope she she is okay, but Man what a way to go out and it's it just is it's just a shame because You would have you as a you know as a tennis fan You would rather see, you know someone, you know beating Djokovic or beating Nadala Federer to win their first slam You don't want to see them. Just get it because something out of you know something like this happens So it's a shame Djokovic is out can't do anything about that He'll play the French open in a couple of weeks, but we're gonna get a new champion either way And yeah, it's it's just such a shame that this has happened this way I don't feel right with it, but let me know in the comments down below how you feel about it I know we've got a lot of Djokovic fans a lot of passionate Djokovic fans. Let me know what you think down below, but Yeah, I don't know how to how to feel about this one. It's a weird one, but we get a new champion in 2020


In my last videos, I've told you design is all about projecting into the future. And teaching is the best way to do so. This video is about my students. Hi, my name is Consola Reinelli, I'm a designer and PhD candidate. This channel is all about design, sustainability and other treats. During the last semester at the university where I teach UNIRSIAT FINIS TERRAE, forced by the COVID-19 lockdown, we had to move into an online system. None of us were prepared, probably you wouldn't as well. Besides directing final projects, I also teach this semester Research 3, which is a course whose objective is to bring out a personal opinion from our students. In this sense, I ask them a question. Why design is more important than ever in history before? The seven next videos are a selection of what they turn in as a project. Please enjoy. Design is the ability to look, analyze and investigate, to be creative people. This comes from the hands of a permanent study and research of different external disciplines and the challenge of integrating them into each of our projects. Design, products and consumption generated in the last decades is the big problem that affects reality in the last few years. So, why is design important today? The consciousness that exists today, in the future, is the one that didn't exist many years before and is the one that created the great scarcity of natural resources that we live today, in addition to the excessive levels of waste that we create daily. Responsibility is individual, group and world, to investigate how to reverse these problems and consciously design, taking advantage of the maximum of the materials. This will make us position sustainability on the absorbency of the products and this is the task that we must do today. If the consciousness is not generated today, we will continue in the circle of consumption and programmed absorbency in which we have been for decades and which encourages us to have the environmental and social problems that exist today. In a landscape where the man's neck is made to notice and the culture of the waste is the conception that we have, it is necessary to reflect on the practices that the industrialization leaves, which generate contamination, defects, an unconsciousness of what happens with what it occupies. Time passes and all the material is deteriorated, but part of the design is understood that this waste is intentional, for market reasons. Today the design is important because it is necessary to develop new forms of construction, new forms of packaging, new forms of seeing the damage that humans generate. The depletion of the builders, where sheets of paper and plastics that are going to swim to oceans, potteries and among the same houses, generates serious problems. Perhaps it will not reverse as much in us, but if in the future generations. This is why today we will find projects such as the 2025 of the Corfo, which seeks to finance sustainable projects. As a change of conception, I was born and the new generation shows more awareness about this delicate topic. The design must show the path to how to be in charge of raw materials and generate new alternatives to use. Today's design can only do aesthetically beautiful things, definitions of design, it is a concept that needs humanity over time. For a designer, it is essential to understand the characteristics of society and the features that define their culture. According to Erley and Zala, they mention that design consists of identifying the opportunity and creating for each project the idea that will lead others to believe that even the improbable is possible. In effect, design consists of asking questions and finding new opportunities. We find ourselves in a period of cultural change that requires a new way of thinking. As the rhythm and lifestyle change, people will think and communicate in different ways. We are in a context in which society faces economic, social and environmental challenges, increasingly complex. We are surrounded by so many things today, technology, information, globalization, and that while we have more things, more needs will be presented and more designs will be required. Design is a tool that allows for an evolution and improvement. Why design is today more important than ever before in history? To answer this question, first we must define what design is. According to Charles Inns, design is a plan that has elements of the best possible way to reach a specific goal. I consider that this definition is adequate, since we can interpret it as a discipline that understands the essence of the needs and problems of the users to then solve them in the best possible way, combining certain elements appropriately and taking into account that the details make the difference in a great design. Understanding this, we can take a look at the current context and ask ourselves, what is happening today? According to the ecological organization The Ocean Cleanup, currently there are more than 5 billion pieces of plastic that cover the ocean and the rivers are the main source of pollution, since they are the arteries that transport waste from the earth to the ocean. Likewise, it was found that only 1,000 rivers are responsible for approximately 80% of the pollution. And according to the BBC News, at a global level, more than 2,100 million tons of waste is produced every year and only 16% of that garbage is recycled. Therefore, based on these studies, we can deduce that pollution increases to giant steps and that the industry is the main factor of this ecological disaster. However, the human being as an individual is not able to question this action to achieve a substantial change. We live in a consumer society where we are so accustomed to the disposable that it is difficult for us to think in a lifestyle with a responsible consumption. It is because of this that the industry must start to worry about its production methods to thus transmit this habit to people. Back to the initial question, why today is design more important than ever before in history? Because today design is a discipline that has been developed in various professional areas and is able to incite in numerous contexts of life, both on a human level and on a social level. Since then, the role of the designer is to solve the needs of the users, but today more than ever a great problem must be solved, such as global warming and the great amount of waste we produce. For this reason, sustainable design is a key piece to solve the problems of today and contribute to tomorrow. Being this, who takes into account the environmental aspects in all production levels? In the same way, the goal is to make products that provide the least impact possible in the ecosystem throughout the life cycle. Why is today's design more important than ever before in history? To answer this question, I start from evaluating the design, from a historical point of view, a necessity and a solution like the answer at each time. This question cannot be evaluated as a statement in our creative evolution. The existing has established points for us to continue to advance, because each design at each time has been of importance. If we talk about design, we can say that it is evolution, development or transformation because our environment is dynamic. Design is an activity that focuses on the person and their environment. It allows us to give problematic solutions to which we face daily. It is an interdisciplinary process, since it is located next to us. Design is to analyze, observe, investigate, link. These are ways of understanding and processing information with which we are in contact daily, potentially and virtually. This information gives us the opportunity to develop a better future and be aware that our creations have a repercussion and that we must take care of them. The technological advance, such as software, hardware, robotics, machinery, etc. are interrelated and serve as a basis for knowledge and development. Technology is a tool with which we are in contact daily, which has allowed us to systematize processes. It also allows us to quickly obtain information, possibly giving us a connection as a world society. This allows us and makes it easy to develop solutions in the educational, social, political, environmental, economic, and many others. At the same time, it has transformed us as a society, to be immediate people, where the easier the processes are, the better our quality of life. On the other hand, we have taken this to consumption and production, generating millions of deceptions at the level of industry, being unconscious in our way of consuming. So this problem is for all of us and we are going to make a change of habit. This always sounds like a cliché phrase, but it is a joint responsibility, so the design has had to be redone towards sustainability. Due to this health crisis, we have valued being a collaborative unit as a society and as multidisciplinary teams, which will help us to have a future as individual and as a social. Today, when we face the constant thought of our future and its fragility due to this pandemic, we have to be aware of which products and services are essential for our life. So the design has had to adapt to this new model of consumption, where the essential things are the ones that we are prioritizing. The consumption of certain objects and services has been postponed and perhaps obsolete. And others have increased, for example, masks, where the design professionally has had to develop different solutions of specific products and there have also been creative designs for the same necessity, but not all of them being an efficient proposal to the real necessity. This new reality has shown us that we can live with less, so our priorities are so constant and that's why the design is important at every moment, so the design is today more important than ever because it is our current reality. As designers, we are constantly adapting and today we have a global problem, which we must fight individually and collaboratively. To contextualize, we must know that we are living a moment of global transformation that has led us to question the structures of power that support social justice, current and the destruction of the environment. So, in a context of changes and redefinitions at a planetary level, we have a great opportunity to imagine and think in a more collaborative future, understanding that human beings are part of nature and that we depend on each other. Having said this, it is that it is a new way of relating between species and the world. This is why, in the global context in which we find ourselves, there is a space to perceive design from the basis of which it is a discipline in constant change and evolution, of permanent questions regarding the ways in which we communicate and what tools we use for that purpose. We must understand the designer as a known researcher and a relative of the image and the word to sit down the bases of what we today will know as the future of design. It is the moment to be more creative than ever and to travel aside is not individuality, thinking about design as an object that responds to opportunities and needs in reality in conjunction with the adaptation of social and environmental needs. Adopting the concept of design from an integral vision, in which we take care of the opportunities in order to benefit society and understand the design process from nature, learning from its models and systems. If this video gets monetized, we are going to donate all the money to Greenpeace Chile. Please don't forget to subscribe and like and don't miss my next videos. Ciao!


Rwy'n meddwl. Rwy'n meddwl yma i gael'r hyn sy'n gwybod. Rwy'n meddwl. Rwy'n meddwl i'n mynd i gael gweithio gynhygr y ffordd. Rwy'n meddwl gyffredinol gyda gydag o'r ydydd i'r ystod yn ysgrifnigol, fel phantastig. Men'sfield yn gweithio bydd o'r problemau yn fan gweithio. Rwy'n meddwl i gael gydog, mae'r ffordd wedi bod yn ddod i'r argyffredinol, ond, rydyn ni'n gweithio'r argyffredinol, Mae'r hollwn cyffredin oha chi'n amlwg i ei wneud hyd i'w bwysig o hyffredinol dwy'n hyffredinol dwy'n hyffredinol. Rydym ni'n gweithio, mae'n mynd i'n meddyniadau arall fel hyffredinol. Yr hyn sy'n gweithio, mae'n ddwy'n gweithio, yn y gofyn ehon o'i gael yma y byddai'r rhagleniol. Mae wedi bod ag eifrif a'n tyfnio â'i ddynnu oherwydd fawr am ddyddurio ar mynd callai. ond mae'n gwrs y blodio, ond yn y gweithio ar hoffa a gnak iawn, mae wedi'n gael bysiau i fynd yn deall, mae Mansefield yn fawr i five o'r teimlo, maen nhw nid ymlaen i'r gwaith eich gwaith yn eithaf a staff a bwy o'n cael ei crofiau yn y cwestiynau.します, yn gŵr yma eich ymddangos, Ond mae'n gweithio mae'n gweithio gwaith, beth yma yn ddigon i'r oes yn gweithio ac yn cael eu gwneud o'r pwysig o'r busnau a'r ysgol, ond we knew that and we thought we didn't start bright ourselves so the cause is a lot of problems but we showed that resilience again, we showed that togetherness to stick in there and defend our box when we needed but then we showed that moments and bits of quality but we just need more of it there's lots to work on, we said that to the players at the end again there's loads of things to work on and get better at but by showing these moments and showing this resilience as a collective group we'll always give ourselves a chance of winning football much. How encouraging is it when you know that and you can go back into the dressing room and say look we can be better in in certain areas but we're still coming out with three points, we're still you know picking up results in these difficult games where we know we can be playing better? Yeah you know it's this busy period I think you're going to have to you know win like this all the time because you know teams are going to going to cause you problems for for large periods and we've got to be able to to sort that up and manage that but yeah like you say we we're setting foundations now as a team and how we set up and how we defend collectively as a team so there's always that foundation to work on and it only might take that one or two chances and moments of quality. I know myself and Connor and the team would like more more controlling games but like I say it doesn't always work like that. It's five straight victories now first time not sure if you're aware the first time it's happened at this club since 2004 how much does that say not just about the job yourself and Connor have done but the way the players have applied themselves from the minute you've walked into the building really but particularly over the course of the first five last five matches. It's obviously a good stat and you know I'm sure we'll look to try and improve on that you know that's that's the kind of mindset we've got as staff and that's the kind of mindset the players have got you know we always want to improve we always want to get better you know stats don't really mean anything it's about you know getting results and getting three points at the end of the day so you know if we can carry on you know matching these defensive performances but but improve in position then you know we're going to give ourselves an opportunity to win more football games. Back here on Saturday against another informed side Bolton how much of a test is that going to be to see where I guess both sides are at in the respective kind of rules of form how much of a test are we going to put ourselves up against you know with them again like on a good form as you say. Every every game in this league is tough you know different threats Mansfield a very good team you know and causes problems but yeah like you say Bolton on a good run of form and and up there in the table so you know we'll play ourselves like we do to every game and give ourselves the best opportunity to get three points.


It is almost impossible to keep up with all of the news regarding Marjorie Taylor Greene, congresswoman from Georgia's 14th congressional district. Last week we went over all of the most bizarre conspiracy theories that I thought she believed, but believe it or not, there's even more conspiracy theories that may be more bizarre than the ones we already knew about. For example, she once suggested that a space laser controlled by Jewish elites may have been responsible for the California wildfires. She also suggested that Ruth Bader Ginsburg died and was replaced with a body double. So of course, Trump wouldn't be able to name her replacement. Now I think that that conspiracy theory was disproven last year, but nonetheless the fact that she believes these things leads me to think that there's no conspiracy theory that she wouldn't fall for. And you already see some leftists online trying to catfish her in a way by sending her DMs through Twitter saying, listen, I've got some evidence that's going to lead to the arrest of Hillary Clinton. Like she's very trollable because she will believe anything. She's a rube. Like anything that has a hint of conspiracy to it or anti-Semitism, it seems like she'll gobble it up. It's honestly sad, especially because like we're not talking about some random individual who's lost. This is a policymaker. You can't function as a competent policymaker if you don't have like a bare minimum level of intelligence and you're that far gone. And she hasn't even been in Congress for a month and she already can't even coexist with her colleagues because Cory Bush asked her to wear a mask since they're kind of neighbors, their offices are close to each other. And that led to her berating Cory Bush and Cory Bush then feeling forced to move her office because this person is very clearly a lunatic.  I would want to move my office away from her too. Now in a way, I think that even though like what she represents is utterly terrifying, Democrats can use this to their advantage if they're smart, if they're savvy, if they're disciplined in their messaging and what they need to do is make her the face of the Republican party because like it or not, she kind of is an accurate representation of a significant portion of the GOP's base all of their years of you know, trying to appeal to racists using dog whistles, you know, conspiracy theories, playing loose with the facts has culminated in this a possible takeover of their own party with lunatics. Now thankfully it does seem as if Democrats are planning to make her the face of the Republican party and I think it would behoove them to do this because they want to turn people off. Overall this will make Republicans more popular with a certain sector of society but most normal Americans are going to be turned off by this and thankfully what Marjorie Taylor Green is doing is kind of causing this civil war slash existential crisis to occur within the Republican party at least when it comes to Georgia's Republican party because they're currently panicking trying to find some way to distance themselves from this lunatic who's already been legitimized by Donald Trump. Donald Trump called her a rising star so the question is like what do we do after we spent years appealing and catering to these people like we never thought that they would take over our party but here we are so the question is what do we do and this story is laid out beautifully by Mark Caputo of Politico who writes the Georgia GOP is tearing itself apart in a civil war it lost two Senate seats in an ill-fated January runoff election and the once Republican suburbs in Metro Atlanta the most part of this part of the state have bolted toward the Democratic side now it's contending with another budding public relations catastrophe representative Marjorie Taylor Green the newly elected Congresswoman whose extremist beliefs and promotion of bizarre conspiracy theories have rocketed her to national notoriety. The calls for censure and her removal from Congress don't appear to have damaged her standing in her conservative North Georgia district and may have even strengthened the so-called QAnon Congresswoman there for now. She tweeted Friday that she raised 1.6 million off all the controversy and on Saturday told her 300,000 followers she just had a chat with the support of Donald Trump the former president who has referred to her as a future Republican star this is what a nightmare scenario looks like yeah I bet and to that I say you've made your bed so now lie in it. They stupid games win stupid prizes try to appeal to lunatics don't be surprised when they end up taking over your party because that's exactly what's happening the Republican party is being taken over by complete lunatics it's not just Marjorie Taylor Green Laura Boebert is another member of Congress who supports QAnon or was subscribed to that conspiracy theory and she during the Capitol insurrection literally tweeted out Nancy Pelosi's location presumably because she wanted Nancy Pelosi to be targeted by the insurrectionists like these folks are deranged more so than the already deranged members of the GOP I mean when you think of Ted Cruz and Louis Gohmert Jim Inhofe you think these people like you can't get worse than them but then Laura Boebert and Marjorie Taylor Green show up and it's like okay so I guess that the bar is even lower than I thought so you know I don't know how this is going to play out is there going to be a civil war in the Republican Party I really don't know because when we saw the way that the Republican Party establishment handled the Tea Party they kind of did it in a pretty strategic way like they didn't necessarily reject the Tea Party outright they kind of co-opted that movement and embraced it not that it was like a genuine grassroots movement because this was funded by billionaires like the Koch brothers but they kind of like embrace them and adopted some of the rhetoric and just overall shifted further to the right to accommodate the Tea Party so what's gonna happen like are they going to shift further to the right to accommodate these QAnon conspiracy theorists I mean in theory QAnon should be done because everything that Q said was wrong Trump is out of power he didn't arrest people Biden was sworn in so that should be done but I mean when it comes to these sorts of conspiracy-minded individuals who makes Alex Jones seem reasonable in comparison what are they going to do I mean I would think that they're probably going to do what they did with the Tea Party and just embrace this element of their party shift a little bit further to the right just to accommodate these people because how many Republicans already signed on to Donald Trump's scam to claim that the election was stolen and how many voted to not certify the election results so they're already kind of doing it like they're already kind of shifting to the right and becoming authoritarian to accommodate folks like this so and it's not just to accommodate folks like Marjorie Taylor Green specifically to be clear it's to accommodate the GOP's increasingly extremist base so what is this going to lead to I don't know will she be censured don't know will she be expelled I don't know should she absolutely because if you don't even accept democracy itself if you refuse to certify the results of the election and your anti-democracy you shouldn't serve in a democratic body will she though don't think so I don't think so and if she's not then Democrats would be foolish to not use this as an opportunity to paint her as the face of the Republican Party to try to turn off more people because I mean the Republican Party is already extremist so I don't know what more examples you need but if this doesn't turn people off to the Republican Party then America as we know it is in a lot worse shape than previously thought so I'm sure that there's gonna be more conspiracy theories about Marjorie Taylor Green that come out and I'm not gonna lie I'm really enjoying this story any news surrounding her I'm gobbling that shit up because it's entertaining like it's sad because it hurts democracy but at the same time it is kind of nice to see everything we predicted come to fruition even if we were hoping to be wrong like when we said years ago that the Republicans are playing a dangerous game by pandering to these types of folks and it's gonna come back to bite them it is nice to see us be proven right even if that comes at a cost but you know we'll see how they handle this I just I don't know I'm too cynical I think that they're gonna end up embracing folks like Marjorie Taylor Green they're just they're too far gone the party is it's I don't know how you deal with this party it's fucking insane


The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has been instrumental in reducing the impact of the pandemic on populations worldwide. However, the first generation of vaccines did not provide complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission due to their limited ability to induce mucosal immunity. This led to the continued emergence of variant strains of concern, as well as breakthrough infections. In order to address these issues, researchers are exploring new strategies for developing more effective vaccines. These include the use of novel adjuvants, as well as approaches that can elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity. One such approach involves the use of an adjuvant-free platform that can induce robust mucosal immunity without the need for live attenuated virus. This article was authored by Raju Sunagar, Amit Singh, and Sudeep Kumar.


Alright Eric and I are talking about repurposing content and Eric you have videos from I don't know how many years ago that you just discovered 10 that 10 years ago that where the production quality back then cameras weren't as good, etc. Production quality back then wasn't as good as the video you're making now. So should you repurpose them. I mean should you repost them, or should you do something else with them. Now, so, so if the production quality isn't good. I mean basically I mean we're talking about video there's, there's, there's two things right there's production quality and then there's the message itself. And the question is the production production quality now that that you're doing stuff is so much better. Could you simply rerecord those old messages with the current quality. Okay, that's first question. And the second question is maybe the older ones, even though production quality wasn't as good. Somehow the presence the energy of it. It's hard to duplicate again. Like I have some of those old videos that I that I'm like, yeah I recorded this three years ago and the energy is just such that I can't. I'm just tired now something like that I'm not as I'm not as energetic as I used to be. So, so I just basically upload those. And people don't seem to mind, and they don't seem to even ask. Now if you're if you're like hairstyle or whatever something about you looks different.  You know something like that. I was younger once. Yeah. So that people don't go. How come Eric has these videos. I think because Dave and I did this class and the energy between us is quite good and it's like special right to look younger. Yes, younger to me. Yes. Yeah, I was thinking of making a video like just introducing the sequence going like we found this and it's so good even though are beautiful. That's a great way of doing it like the lower third is a very quick lazy way of doing it. It's very easy to do. But then not sorry lower doesn't have to be a huge lower third just some some some text from this from the archives, you know, but but if you can record a little preamble to say, you know, we were younger once and makes makes makes something fun out of it and yeah. Okay. So, that's helpful. Yeah, and you can even say, hey, this is a kind of like a like a dive into into the archives like a special look. Enjoy this kind of like a, you know, yeah. Yeah, that's cool. Okay, good. Thanks man. I appreciate it. Yeah, and he says young but still wise young but still wise yeah exactly.


My main priority is just to hear about the fall of the U.S., and so this was, is an opportunity for all of us in the community to hear about the work that Amy is doing. Coming to us from Cornell University, which is my own university in Colorado, so I deeply approve. We're going to speak with the principal and the articles with Christine Hastorn to lay out a math group. And, you know, between the Highlands and the Scottish Highlands, the other Highlands, as we usually talk about around the future, in the South America, the 2016 field season of the project, are the gods. And the state of California, oh no, are media. The state of paleo-invertebral studies of Rosemary and H.R. media, I had to do this wrong. Oh. Oh, this is even more. Well, I'm glad I had some surprises for everyone. It's a very small country, and so I know that not everybody necessarily know its locations. It is a landlocked country, and the word highstan, which is Armenian for the country, Armenia actually means highlands, so stan, fi, from the Persian word, stan lands. So it is a mountainous region, but it is very, very, and I would go into a little bit sort of how geographically and geologically and climate-wise you have a lot of different sort of variations in this very, very small region. Armenia has had a very interesting past. It was first noted as a written and the Byzantine inscription by Dara during the coming of the Persian Empire. So it's a very old empire. It's also the first Christian empire, or, I'm sorry, Christian state, so it very much holds to that tradition. So the project I worked with is a project that's been working in Armenia, specifically the Sakohobi Plain, for the last 18 years. It was started by Rubin Balian and Adam T. Smith, who was then at the University of Chicago, but is now at Cornell, and one of Adam's students. And they have continued in this area for a long period of time and have explored multiple sites in the region. I chose some pictures of some of our more famous sites. We have a site of Gehro, which is an early bronze to late bronze site. It's a photo site and also a Sakohobi, which has both late bronze and early iron age deposits. So our project is focused mainly on the bronze age and the iron age in Armenia, but there are other sorts of archaeological periodization as well. We do have geolistic sites and medieval sites, but there are some holes in the chronology as well. We're missing some data, which I will show a little bit later. One of the unique things about our project is that it is truly a collaborative project. We've worked with the Armenian Ethnographic and Institute of Archaeology, and we have a co-director, Rubin Balian, who is from that organization, and then have a partnership with the universities in the United States. Cornell is a part of it, and a lot of Adam's students have gone on to become co-directors themselves. So Ian Lindsey, who's an Adam's student for UCSB, is now a co-director at Purdue, and Lori Jephthoryan is a co-director at Cornell, and a lot of Adam's other students have continued to participate in the project throughout their career, so it's a really great community environment. So where is the project itself located in Armenia? So we sit at the base of Mount Argats. Argats is the tallest peak in Armenia. It's at 4,010 meters, I believe. It's mainly a volcanic peak, so there is a dormant volcano. It hasn't erupted in quite some time, which is good for us to excavate. Our project sort of focuses on both the highland and the lowland valleys, especially on the Sakohobi Plain. So you can't really see this picture so well, but we have Mount Argats here, and we are excavating sites, multiple sites around the area. So another thing about our project is that we're not at one specific site. We are actually excavating multiple sites, and this has given us a really great way to sort of understand the landscape and how these hilltop fortresses and how they interact with each other on a larger scale and to understand the rise and maintenance and falls of each of these early iron age societies and how they've interacted and how they're the same landscape. And in many cases, they are actually having the same settlements. Even with sort of holes in our chronology, we have intrusions from late bronze into iron age settlements, and we have iron age settlements that are built on the same hilltops as the bronze age settlements. So we are seeing this sort of reuse of this similar landscape, even though they were under very different political structures. So here's sort of a chronology of the Sokohobi Plain. And as you can see, I've highlighted in red the periods that are present on the plain. So we have early bronze, late bronze, and late iron, and this is the main periods of our project. It deals with, and as you can see, there are gaps in this. And the iron age and the iron one and two period, we have gaps during the awarding period where people seem to be going down further into the lowlands and are moving away from the mountain areas. And then we have the middle bronze age, which most likely people didn't have at the plain. The middle bronze age was a more ephemeral period and finding settlements is more difficult. So I'm going to talk about our 2016 field season and some of the activities that we've done. It was a very busy season, and so we were working in multiple sort of areas. So we did a pedestrian survey. We also conducted, did some XRF analysis of our obsidian that we found at our site, looking to do some obsidian sourcing. We have a program with drone, some of the grand tree and photography. And of course, we also did some excavation. So I'm going to talk first about our survey. We call it class. I don't know if any of you guys have heard the Russian drink class, but it's sort of a plan that actually stands for Colette Valley Archaeological Survey. But we like the sort of kind of play that we have there. So this is our second year of survey in this area. We've had another survey in the Sokhovy Plain, which was done many years ago, but this is a new program of survey and we have some new goals to be addressed. The main goals were to understand the dynamics of warfare and the impacts of violence and the dynamics of these felt-out fortresses on the social-political structures during the bombs and iron ages. So on our surveys, we're looking for fortress sites and settlements. We're looking for burial clusters, especially high concentrations of burial clusters, and also looking to look for possible sites for future excavation. So some of the challenges that some of you are beginning to know some of these challenges with working in this area are, one, we're in the mountains. So this means that when we are conducting this survey, we're climbing over hills. We're climbing into valleys. And there is sort of a, people might get hurt, which we did have a couple injuries, unfortunately this season, but iron was okay, but the rock won. And we also have very poor visibility. At artifact scatters in the area are, basically, we cannot find artifact scatters unless it's some sort of soil erosion or if there's a trench or sort of anthropogenic hole that's been dug. So we really have to base most of our findings on architecture. Luckily, the area is rich with the salt and tooth, and this is the building materials that have been used since the early Bronze Age and continue to be in use today. So pretty much every period that we do find has used stone as its building material. But it's still in rock-rich landscape. It makes it difficult to necessarily differentiate what is architecture and what is necessarily geological. Another issue that we have is that Armenia was part of the former Soviet Union, which means that it was also part of collectivized farming. And during the Soviet period, the Soviets took large-scale bulldozers and completely moved rocks and dirt from the valleys and put them into these large field clearance walls so that they could plant different crops. So this means that a lot of what we think are settlements, which would have been lower, and the valleys have been erased by a large-scale Soviet farming program. I think that the land modification of the city is interesting in itself and makes it very difficult to actually find earlier sites that are located in these areas. Now, there are some things like the extractor can only go up in certain sort of gradients. So things like kernons are somewhat intact if they're large enough where they just kind of run around them. There are other sites because they are on hillside and are very rocky. And also, burial clusters seem to survive because they are made with a lot of rocks and it just the pain of moving them would have been too much. So there are certain features that are easier to determine, while some are a little more difficult. So this is just sort of our survey area. The blues highlighted are the Sokkovovy Plain survey and the red is our new survey area which follows the Kozak River, which is right here. So some of our site results that we found this year is we found, and this is something we can find in the last year's data as well, we found possibly 11 new fortress sites which we're investigating. One of them is this possible medieval period site that happens two meter long called Sapa Bear. This is a drone photograph from that site and you can see there is this wall here it's most likely this wall here. These sort of very large scale sites are kind of common in the region and I'll show you some pictures of the ones that were excavated so you can understand the real scale of it. Another thing we did was ground truthing. We were looking for pergone burials and this is one of these sort of instances where these pergones were left intact as the barley fields around them so the Soviets were able to clear this field but they left the pergones there so we were able to go to these sites and verify that these do indeed look like pergones but of course we don't know for sure until we actually do some excavation. Another interesting sort of the I find interesting because I'm interested in sort of agricultural practices around these what may be livestock corals they're at least sort of horseshoe-like structures that are made out of stone. We don't know what period these would date to but we do have modern examples from Yazdi farmers who still practice agro-pastoralism up higher in the mountains and so this is a contemporary usage where they put these animals in these corals so we're starting to look at maybe ethnographically how we can link these and maybe date them to earlier periods and see if there is a long-term usage of these types of agriculture structures on the plain. Some of our survey material I think that we don't find a lot we did find some things that I think were kind of cool we found those hammocks I am not somebody who works in the Paleolithic norolithic, maybe one of you guys kind of know what period this comes from but our one expert on the project was pointing towards maybe the Paleolithic and the Middle Paleolithic but I'm not entirely sure we also found this stela which we have named Stela Dian I have given credit to Alan Green for that and he was going into the museum the National Museum they have quite a few of these in the museum so those are just some of our larger crimes that we found we also did quite a bit of excavation this year our main goals with excavation were to continue our programs at Gepa Roads and to do some test excavations on one of our new sites which is Alperoni Baird just to kind of show you how far in range our sites are Gepa Roads is up here and so we had two excavations at Gepa Roads and Alperoni Baird is up here they are about 30 minutes away by car that's where we did also two excavations and we also had a test excavation in the loose side view so I'm going to talk a little bit about Gepa Roads and what our plans were and what our findings were for this season so Gepa Roads is a very large late bronze age and early bronze age fortress on top of this hilltop so this is a kind of a view from Gepa Roads of the Sakagobi plain and most of our excavations our large scale of excavations in the past have been focused on the top of the hilltop so here we have found shrines that are really actually bronze age and we have found some evidence of settlements in the early bronze age and we are trying to understand how this large hilltop relates to the fortress structure within this larger valley even the Russians have put an antenna on top of the hill so that visibility is very good we have done lots of seasons of field work at the top of the mountain so we're now trying to go down a little bit and see if there are stuff lower in elevation and indeed we did find some so this is further down the hill it's still on the hill but we found an early bronze curroxah I won't say settlement it's most likely more of a ritual space we're still trying to determine if there's any material or in safety who's at Cornell with me it was the excavator of this and so she is in the process of interpreting the data and what she found and what we found is these large semi-circle rock structures and a tube that was intact along with a tube that had been looted at some point so there's this mixture between funerary practices and sort of a massive architecture so we're trying to understand how this works into a larger picture my thing, one of the things that I'm doing here is I took soil samples from the surfaces of this this ritual space I'll say from trying to geographically distribute them looking for possible areas or that there were more grays sorry, excuse me so far I'm doing this here in Christine's lab so some of the things I found is that it does seem like we do have some areas of concentrated burning we have a curve which is expected that we're of course going to our materials but I've also found a more charcoal near one of our graves and so I'm trying to determine and I will do this with Gaddafi to see if there may have been some sort of ritual influence ritual burning that happened near the funerary site our taxa or finding is very similar to taxa that we found on different parts of the site before we find a lot of graves and a media taxa which I hope to kind of plug into the greater environmental picture another sort of excavation we did was of our pergones so you can see is sort of jeep for size there's very large pergone burials that we have they're not as large as some that are in Eastern Europe but they still are fairly big in the front of the area and you can see Garen, one of my colleagues this is actually from last year in the central chamber of one of these large pergones usually they do include human remains but the preservations are in this area this particular area a gecko is quite poor and so we don't have a lot of remains that we're able to excavate but we do have a lot of ceramics we do have bronze this year we found a what we think is some sort of ceremonial drinking vessel it's a large vessel that has four tiny individual vessels that are sort of perched on top and I've taken vitality washes on that and I'm hoping to sort of get some insight and I also have the soil to analyze or not the soil but the flotation from the soil to analyze to see if maybe we can get some ideas of what this vessel was used for so another excavation we did which was in this very early stages is off of Ronnie Baird so this is the large a large portrait site that's multi-period and it ranges the material that we found on the we did survey on this site it reaches from the early bronze into the medieval period and you can't really see it very well but these are my test trenches and they're like one by one or two by twos on the hill so that gives you kind of an idea of how massive this structure is so our goals with this is to try to understand where people were settled on this and how this works into the larger narrative built out fortresses it's located by the Kaza River which is the main river running through the area and to this day people very much use it to have their livestock go through so it's a very active area so we think that it can give us some really great insight but we're doing some test excavations to try to figure out exactly what this fortress is where people lived and we're still trying to ask those questions this season maybe it was a little to clear it up as much as we wanted to so our first test trenches last year at the top of the fortress and what we found was one perhaps a room wall that was mostly associated with early bronze age material however there are some late bronze age material this is on the western part of the the top of the hill so we're really looking to see is this a summit that on the top or are they using the terror structures which and our other excavations they were very much using the terracing of the hillside so this year we looked at the western and eastern terraces so I excavated the western terraces walls and Laura Kachinorin and Adam T. Smith excavated the eastern trench walls and what we found is mainly the western trench that I worked working on was filled with early bronze material we tried to excavate the terraces but as you can see with the livestock going through and with the water coming down into the Kazakh these terraces have been sort of eroded over time so a lot of material has been sort of washed down the hillside and actually not in context anymore so we believe that there was definitely an early bronze present on the western side of this fortress but we're not sure where it is or even if we're going to be able to find it due to this erosion over time but we did find one sort of wall and found some reinforcing of the terrace at different levels so on the upper trenches of the eastern walls we found more evidence of walls and these point to early and I'm sorry late iron age and some late bronze age mainly iron age materials so we think that there's sort of an interesting dynamic going on where maybe iron age settlements were on the eastern side and on the top where for some reason the western side were on the late bronze but again we're still trying to understand the dynamics and there's such a large fortress structure we could just be not dating our trenches in the right places so next year we're going to be doing some GPR and hopefully going to be able to try to understand where these settlements actually are we also excavated some burials that are adjacent to the fortresses burials one of them was a salvage operation there's a sand mining going on in the area and there was a burial that was poking out of the side of the sand mine so we excavated that some late bronze age burial and then we found we had two burials one with only a few human remains in it and then one with a articulated skeleton so this was done by a doctor she's an osteologist and she is working on sort of going through the bones and seeing aging, sexing and trying to make sense of these burials but one of the things that's very interesting about these burials is they have a large stone sort of these large chrome legs and large castones which means that it's very difficult to get into them and so we have a lot of our workers here with like 16 year old boys move these very very large stones but everybody was okay we got them out and we were able to sort of look at these burials so future excavations and survey goals are to, we want to conduct GPR at the site to see if we can find where the settlements are out of Barony Bay and we want to determine if we should go forward with large scale excavations or if maybe there's another suitable site and we want to continue excavating the burials at Ganger wrote the settlement that we started we're going to continue excavating the late Bronze Age pergones, we've done six in total, we really wanted to get done every year, we wanted to sort of finish them I think there's only one or two left and then we want to continue with our early Bronze settlement that we found this year to understand the dynamics with survey we're going to continue with our industrial survey and we're going to start excavating at maybe Kuchak or another Barony Bay site and we want to continue our program of aerial imagery so one of the things I also wanted to talk about which is part of my research is our paleo-environmental goals for the project going forward, so 2016 we we wanted NSF grants and this included doing some additional paleo-climacology and environmental reconstruction so going forward I hope to sort of participate more in this process and we can gather some environmental data which has not really been collected for the project, so far beyond paleo-economic data so we have funding for analysis of the core that's already been taken and also taking a new core in the region and we're partnering with CNRS in France to do this work and they have done a large scale environmental work in the region and they're currently working on that so we're hoping to contribute to a larger body of work so I wanted to go into a little bit of the challenges of doing paleo-environmental reconstruction in this area so these are maps of the Caucasus in general so because of its location in between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and the southern Caucasus are south of the greater Caucasus mountains there's a lot of different sort of fluctuation in environments and a lot of different vegetations and geography so we have everything from alpine regions to lowlands we have desert, arid regions and the odds are by the Yellow Line and then we have sort of these forested areas as well so this is sort of orally taken from the Caucasus environmental outlook that just shows the different sort of climate regions in the area and the different categorizations of some of the vegetation so I wanted to show sort of this picture of this variability so this picture is taken from the middle plain which is right here which is a very flat desert area where this is our clean which is more of a grassland environment and then we have from higher mountains of Georgia and you can see of course my picture is from Armenia which is also a very mountainous region so there's a lot of challenges in understanding these microclimates one of the main challenges is that one center for from the region is not going to really tell us the complete environmental picture so there have been some archaeologists that have made some claims about some more generalizations about cultures based on climate information and while their work may actually be right we need to find out some more data in order to do that I just wanted to use an example of these sort of hypotheses so Anthony Segona who's at the university has done a lot of environmental work at the site of Chilretti they've done sediment core analysis pollen analysis, vitality analysis and he has this hypothesis along with one of his students Simon Connors who does the environmental work that the spread of the hydroxyl culture was due to the climate conditions being at an optimum so that there was a warming in this area and this caused them to spread all over the Caucasus well if you look compared to my picture again the spread of this culture you can see that the variation in climate and geology and where the people live was actually quite different and while Tony may absolutely be right we can't really make this assumption for every region for example looking at ethnobotanical data we see that at Gagaro which is a site that I work on that we actually have a more dominance of barley Roman Higassian who is the Paleoethnobotanist that's been working at this site, introduces to it being at higher altitude because barley gets more robust and can handle cooler climates whereas other hydroxy sites do not have the same dominance of barley so even just looking at these assemblages we see that there are definitely changes people are making decisions based on the environment that they're living in which means that more studies have to happen throughout the greater region so the French had this new project where they partnered with all the archaeological institutes in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia which make up the southern Caucasus to do a both in local and regional analysis of the paleo environment so they are doing sediment core analysis in Armenia and Georgia and Spoon hopefully in Azerbaijan they're doing geomorphology and the Mill Plain Azerbaijan looking at the rise and fall of the Caspian Sea which has fluctuated quite a bit throughout the entire Holocene and also how this impacts the Kora and the Oroxies River which are very important archaeologically because a lot of links to these rivers have been discussed when we discussed the Oroxies expansion and they're also doing local studies so they're doing paleoenology at the site, sediment analysis at the site and also paleoethnobody to get an idea of how each of these factors contribute to a larger picture so Project Argox is part of this larger picture and we have done we have worked in cooperation with them to do charcoal analysis at the site of Gecorot and we also are going to be contributing and working with them hopefully I will be working with them to do some paleoenology on the sediment core so that we are extracting so that we can add one more sort of frame into this this larger picture here's just one of the reports I'm not really going to go into it but this is one of the pollen reports that has been produced and has also the pollen records that from all the parts of the region but yeah I won't go too adept into it. One of the other things that I forgot in there that people do make this assumption that the caucuses actually do not have a lot of paleoethnobotanical information, this is actually incorrect we have had people working do paleoethnobotanical work and the Russians did some work as well but there's a lot of work that still needs to be done and it's very much focused in particular time regions and particular areas so Roman Kovacian who is at the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography is the Armenian paleoethnobotanist and he has done quite a bit of work but most of this work is focused on paleolithic, the Neolithic and the early Bronze Age which is due just to the projects that he works on and then there have been some reports on the Iron Age these were mainly done in the 1940s and the 1950s in Armenia done and published in Russian and through taking Russian techniques which at the time were very good but we have improved a little bit since then I hope and then there is a lack of data in the Late Bronze Age so this sort of shows at the early Bronze across the Sunic offices the paleoethnobotanical data that we have recorded as you can see there is a distribution but we're missing a lot of data from Azerbaijan and we have it only in sort of areas of Russia part of Georgia part of this correlates to where the Koroastrian sites are but there's still a lot of work so one thing that we're hoping to sort of contribute to as a project is that we have we're focused on the Late Bronze and the Iron Age we also have some medieval period sites so how can we add to this greater data size and expand not only the early Bronze information but also the Late Bronze and the Iron Age as well so we are going to continue to look at the paleoethnobotanical data we see like I said before sort of the dominance of our early weeks in the area the main focus of the research has been on agriculture processing which we see a lot of sort of mixed grains with both wheat and barley growing and we I think that we have a lot of barley also because since it is a mountainous region we are doing a lot of, there's a lot of pastoral activity so we're most likely using this for fodder so those kind of questions are still needed to be addressed but we also have a lot of wheat taxa that's been identified but it's never been contextualized or interpreted so this is a great opportunity to sort of go back through a lot of the data that we have and understand not only the agriculture practices but also understand some of the environmental data as well so some of the studies that we hope to do next year is to continue our projects with paleoethnobotany add an anthropological lens to what's already been published we have had a limited pollen phytolith analysis on the site so I hope to go forward and do some more of that on a site-specific level we have quite a few instances where we have done pollen washes but they have not actually been processed and we have had actual interpretation but we need a little bit more of it done and then of course the core is from shinkani which is the core that has already been extracted and the new settlement core so hopefully this will give us a lot more insight into the overall climate not only in our house but contribute to this later larger body of research in the region and the caucus this is a great area to do sort of research and look at it from a more global perspective than what contemporary climate studies due to its range and from mountains to deserts it really gives some insight into how humans interacted during these sort of extreme environments so thank you yeah absolutely yeah thank you for your talk I'm just curious what are the two or three paradigms that people are using right now when they talk about agriculture and the lower caucus in the lower caucus when the bronze iron yeah the bronze iron age I'm familiar with the furtive press right so how does it fit in or not fit in so we know that the caucus is normally not the origin of the agriculture and that somehow that there was spread into the caucuses but there's still a little debate on when that happened for the bronze and iron age I'm trying to wrap my head around it myself but there seems to be a lot of wheat and barley being grown and in different mountainous regions of course used for fodder but I can't really articulate what the paradigms are at this point but there really isn't probably a bunch of studies that have been done especially in Armenia are still sort of in implementation of taxa and haven't been really contextualized in an iron cultural setting yet so there's a few sites that are a little bit more interested in agriculture practices but it's still sort of more about this is just what we found this is what people might have been meaning but not really in the classical period I'm not talking about it as a brent in the visiting period it's like a bread basket for other parts of the empires this is all for local consumption well definitely wine production has been in Armenia since one of the earliest documented areas so there was definitely in I think even sort of a talks about I don't know wine production I'm sorry but yeah I don't really know that much about that sorry I had a great question about it yes so I was intrigued because you very carefully the sense I get is that history has been a very descriptive research and we should avoid this but sort of culture historical well and then you have this lovely mention that what needs to happen is a more anthropological approach so one of the more anthropological sort of lenses that you're hoping to bring to this so one of the larger questions as a project is understanding the political complexity in the region and we see different sort of we see in the late Bronze Age that people are under they're facing warfare they're under violence and how are they reacting to this environment where there's a larger political central apparatus whereas in the Iron Age you have sort of a more removed community that as Florian Kasturian said is hiding itself away from the rule of the war to an empire this is during the Kevinin period where they're acting as a same trap but they're actually kind of removed from the centralized authority so they are not under the same sort of stress of everyday violence and warfare that we see in the late Bronze Age so working into the environmental issues and the agriculture issues is how are people under these having the same landscape and having the same settlements how are they sort of dealing with these overall political structures how did this influence their agriculture decision making did the landscape dictate some sort of agriculture decision making or did the social structures how did that influence it and also was any kind of climate change did that have any sort of impact on this whatsoever we know that the Iron Age that people go down into underground and they have their houses being in the underground so this could be attributed to colder climate but we don't know it could also be for multiple other reasons so how did these greater things work into this larger era to the warfare go ahead we were talking about the Eastern and Western occupation that was helpful, I was intrigued and the thing you kind of brought up was Iron Age was some of those ages that shift so were there major transformations in tactics at that point was it a change in mounted warfare that you know the types of mounts that were using or was it a change in weaponry was there a change between those two periods that was significant enough because there was a hiatus within your war team which of course had a great level of sort of violence which we do not have a war team that is out there we're kind of missing that transition but we see in the late Bronze Age there's definitely a lot of spheres there's a lot more hilltop fortresses in the late Bronze Age and just a more clear cut that they were under some sort of stress whereas in the Iron Age they're moving a little bit further down they're reoccupying the same spheres but they actually are much further down they're not going up to the top of the fortress we don't see the same sort of weaponry being used we see replications of ceramics coming from the center of the Persian Empire so we see replications of things from the Persepolis and so we see a dynamic where they're under imperial rule but yet they're also acting more autonomous and seem to be for a high way I actually have this kind of theory that maybe relearning their more traditional pastoral ways were being under a war too they were doing a lot more large scale agricultural wars and in the coming period they're coming back and going back to their land and starting to pass through their animals again and we do seem to have evidence during the the Iron Age so the first occupation, the first component is more of a tactical situation but the second component is the regional strategies how many do have sight aggression but we don't really understand the Iron Age period completely because we only really have one and I was just saying it's the Iron III period not the War II period that's been fairly well researched but we don't understand because we only have really one occupation in this area of the Iron Age and so that we found some Iron Age deposits here we'll hopefully start to answer those bigger questions on what were they really doing were they hiding away why were they reoccupying these fortress sites where we know that they bronzaged most likely these were used for tactical because the thing that they brought up I kept the same is that we see these kinds of redactors in strictly military tactical terms but there's also the question of surveillance that might be in effect as you're saying when they're doing this more pastoral landscape thing and you don't have to be out of reach of a steer to take advantage of the kind of sort of landscape and one of the things that's sort of interesting about South Aronibair is that it is fairly high you can see a lot in the landscape but it also kind of is covered with a bowl that goes into the cousin so we haven't found any sort of evidence but it might be a good place to kind of keep your animals and keep your crops that are out of sight but still be able to Is anyone doing these sort of vision analysis things of them? Sure we haven't done it at our area but there haven't to be released at all we have done it on the war team period on the war team fortresses because the war team also used to build top fortresses and found in definitely maybe possibilities of fire beacons It would be very interesting to see if you do have these two different periods in the same general location the shift when you go downhill what is the landscape Yeah Let's start I was wondering you noticed some of the sites are very shallow stratigraphy it seems like all the modern agriculture is happening elsewhere during the Soviet period they had a lot of investment down below where they did the tractor and the dishing and so maybe these higher sites Right well the sites that I showed of Aronibair actually that's because it was at the very, very top so I think over the the years it's sort of been washed away and so we hit bedrock pretty quickly other sites like Igaro, Sokobi which I didn't really talk about on our hilltop so we've had like much lower stratigraphy but when it comes to the settlement period where the Soviets actually did there's land exploration projects we haven't actually explored anything down there because it's so vast they are doing modern crops, they grow barley to stay there we had when we were doing survey we were mapping sort of the Soviet clearance walls and any sort of features and we're trying to do some satellite we have some satellite imagery that we did prior to some of these land transformations and we don't understand that but we really don't understand the valley at all because we just haven't at this point we know if we dig we'll probably find material but finding the settlement context is just like she mentioned early one of your photos you were walking in the fog field yeah yeah so we are walking in the fields because the Kergons do stick out the landscape because they were never tracked over and also the other burial ground so we do walk the landscape but unfortunately we don't usually find anything in the fields in fact this year so last year we did a lot of survey in the sort of lower valleys and we did not have a lot of results so this year we've gone higher up and we need to be deeper in the valley so not going to use it so much we should actually expect below that's one of the things we hope to do at some point we just need to find a target area so yeah thank you I was wondering what if there were any textual sources that you were engaging with or like what this region is referring to maybe like us pertaining in text are the text phones I know this is even in the Iron Age well I should say the Iron Age three periods basically create a sort of this area the war zone actually did have text and cuneiform but I'm not using any of those textual sources so there's mention of Armenia and the Byzantium description and I am not familiar enough with them as opinioning text to really know that any references to the Highland Journal but yeah we'd love to find a text we're hoping that there's like a Darius description right now there's like a a place name site or something in this other caucuses that is part of I'm not quite sure on the chronology part so basically the war two period is in between the Late Bronze and the Late Iron Age and that's the period we just don't have anything at our site now there's a lot of research that's been done about the war two but I just don't have a story to do it but basically what we're dealing with in the Early Bronze and the Late Bronze is pretty historic it's about empires and their winterlands that they may not be referring to this place but if you don't have a complimentary text on the basis you aren't necessarily going to be able to match those up that's so you know that there's this they have that flow through their relations with and they may be talking about you all the time but calling you something weird right absolutely yeah I mean it isn't really going to tell but if you're going to get a great text that we actually like really get an idea of what our media is but even then we don't know that takes our media to the extent that our media in the classical period and in the war two periods very different one of this today so we are technically at one o'clock I didn't see any other hands but before we walked out of the room was somebody else sitting there wanting to ask a question we have one last question might they be considered sissians what becomes sissians no the sissians are actually like on the other side of the caspian see I I mean yeah I told the same thing so on that note let's thank Amy


This focus on material progress and productivity, what's the cost of that? What is up everybody? This is Chris from The Rewired. So, where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. And Netflix just dropped a brand new trailer for a documentary called Take Your Pills. This is a documentary that comes from South by Southwest and it's all about the Adderall problem in the United States. So, I'm really, really excited about it, especially because I literally just did a video about the Adderall problem and over-prescribing Adderall like two days ago. And if you haven't checked out that video, it'll be linked up in the info card. So, make sure that you go check it out. So, this documentary looks really, really interesting. It looks like it focuses around the Adderall problem on college campuses as well as the Adderall problem with young adults. And they kind of go hand in hand. So, it talks about students who are being prescribed Adderall and trading Adderall or selling Adderall. And one of the reasons that college students abuse Adderall is because it helps them focus, it helps them stay up late night, it helps them study longer and hopefully pass tests and get better grades. But there's also a major issue on college campuses with Adderall because a lot of people use it as a sort of stimulant for when they're drinking. The problem with Adderall is that when you're drinking, it lets you drink longer but your body doesn't necessarily know how drunk you are which is why one of the leading causes of death on Adderall is alcohol poisoning. So, I'm really interested to see if this documentary touches on that or they're going to focus more specifically on the Adderall problem in general. So, something that I've been talking about a lot lately too is our disconnection from meaningful values. And one of the things that this documentary is focusing on is how, you know, people are justifying, they're justifying their Adderall use because it helps them study, because it helps them get better grades, because it makes them a quote unquote better employee. There's even a quote from the trailer that says this. The perfect employee is somebody that doesn't say no. There is a culture of you do stay up 16 hours for seven days straight. Like that's bananas and that's one of the reasons why, one of the many reasons why our country is so messed up right now is because employers are demanding more and our idea of happiness is this crazy version of success. So, we're willing to put our own mental health, our own physical health at risk in order to work these 16, 17 hour days. Like that clip just said, like nobody wants an employee who says no. They want somebody who says yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, but that's not what we as humans were designed to do. This is why you see so much depression and anxiety going around is because people are putting all of themselves into their work. I've mentioned in videos in the past that people are working longer hours than ever before, because of these things right here, these little cell phones. The average time that we check our first work email is about seven o'clock in the morning and then by the time we stop quote unquote working is like nine o'clock at night. So, like we are working insane amounts, so young people are justifying their Adderall use and their Adderall abuse because it helps them work even longer hours and it's nuts because they're chasing after these things. They're chasing after status, they're chasing after money and the problem is it's like what good is all the money in the world if you're gonna die at a young age because of the health problems that happen. That brings us to the next clip where they talk about how like people will legitimately have seizures because of exhaustion. Like I always try to like help relay this information to you. Adderall falls into the prescription drug category of amphetamines. This is a slight variation from meth amphetamines. Like if I told you that that guy over there takes meth all the time so he can work longer hours and study better in college, you would call him insane. But if I told you that he was taking Adderall, you would say oh okay he probably has ADHD and it just helps him focus. Like to me that's bananas. Now don't get me wrong, I mentioned in my last video there are people who have problems with the way their brain works so Adderall does help them. But like I mentioned in my last video, only 5% of people actually have ADHD but we're prescribing these medications to 15% of people. Like one of the issues with the opioid epidemic is that it's kind of couting all of the other issues and Adderall is one of the major ones. So it looks like in this trailer they're going to talk to a bunch of people. They're going to talk to doctors and scientists and psychologists and people who have struggled with Adderall addiction but they're also going to talk to people who say that Adderall has legitimately benefited their lives. So I'm really interested for this documentary. So I will be doing a review of this documentary when it launches on March 16th. So make sure if you haven't yet, make sure you subscribe so you can watch the review of this video and I want to hear from you leaving your comment down below. Are you going to watch the new Netflix documentary Take Your Pills? I want to hear from you. But that's all I got for you today. So if you like this video, please give it a thumbs up and share this video. Share it with other people. So maybe they watch this documentary and learn a little bit more about Adderall, okay? But if you'd like to check out some other videos, click or tap right there. Hit the subscribe button if you haven't yet. Stay kind to your fellow humans today and I'll see you next time.


Migraines are one of the most common clinical issues that I see people come in with to the clinic and it's one of those issues that can be really debilitating and as anyone if you've had a migraine and you're watching this you know how awful they can really be and how much they can really take over your life. Now it's tricky because for conventional care migraines are difficult problems to treat for many people especially to have them kind of go away for good and so a lot of patients tend to seek out alternative care. But what is the actual efficacy in terms of Chinese medicine for migraines? So in this video I thought I would share three pieces of research just for acupuncture and even though I'm primarily an herbal a formula specialist I thought this would be interesting to share a few pieces of research on specifically acupuncture for migraines since it has been studied a lot. Hey I'm Dr. Alex Hine Chinese medicine doctor author of the book on health habits master the day. Now I've included the first link below this video is for a free guide which is four daily rituals that can help you add years to your life with traditional Chinese medicine. Now if you'd like to also become a patient of mine either locally or via telemedicine if you add your name to the email list below as well you'll also be notified of how you can reach me and find my clinic. So I wanted to share this first study that was a German study done that found that acupuncture worked about as well as a beta blocker for a preventative medicine measure. So this German randomized controlled trial with 302 people showed that what they found was that acupuncture was more effective than no ab acupuncture for migraines. Now a second study with a sample size of 794 people showed that 11 acupuncture treatments given within six weeks was at least as effective as a beta blocker taken daily over a six month period and in addition a 2009 Cochrane review found that there was consistent evidence that acupuncture was at least as effective as prophylactic drug treatment so using the drug to prevent migraines or prevent the severity of frequency and that is acupuncture was something that should be considered a serious option for patients willing to undergo it. Now a second study that was an Italian study compared acupuncture with or without a certain migraine drug and acupuncture versus no acupuncture so they had actually four groups in this particular study. Now here's what they found. So the first group was true acupuncture treated with real acupuncture with a migraine drug. The second group was treated with what's called ritualized mock acupuncture so placebo plus the migraine drug. Group three was treated with mock acupuncture or sham acupuncture with the migraine drug and the fourth group was only treated with the migraine drug. Now the results from this experiment found that actually true acupuncture was the only treatment able to provide a steady outcome improvement in comparison to the use of only the migraine drug. Now the third study was a really interesting study done in the Journal of Pain Research. Now they used technology called an MRSI. People may know MRI to look at the brain but MRSI very very generally assesses in this case certain metabolites and certain metabolic byproducts. So it's looking more at the chemistry of what's going on. Here's what they found. They found that acupuncture actually changed the levels of certain metabolites in the brain related to pain and headache intensity. So acupuncture actually produced measurable biochemical changes that were measurable in the brain so physiological changes that were clearly measurable. It's really interesting because sometimes when you measure for example subjective pain that's kind of easy to fudge and it's easy for the measures to be somewhat accurate but in terms of the highest level of scientific scrutiny not so reliable. But when you can actually look at like fMRI studies or like this last study which shows changes in the metabolites it makes it a little bit more concrete and demonstrates that there's really something real going on here. So I don't know maybe you've considered acupuncture or Chinese herbs for migraines. Maybe you haven't. Maybe this can be another tool in your toolbox to help you get relief because I know how debilitating they can be. All right that's all I've got for today. Again if you'd like to stay in touch below this video that first link is for a free download for daily rituals that can help you add years to your life with traditional Chinese medicine as well as if you'd like to become a patient of mine adding your name to the email list below this video will give you the info to contact me or set up a telemedicine appointment. All right before you go I have two related videos that can also help you right here.