Live from San Francisco, it's theCUBE. Covering Oracle OpenWorld 2016, brought to you by Oracle. Now, here's your host, John Furrier and Peter Burris. Okay, welcome back, everyone. We are live here in San Francisco for Oracle OpenWorld 2016. I'm John Furrier, co-CEO of SiliconANGLE Media. With Peter Burris, my co-host for the past three days who's the head of research for SiliconANGLE Media is also the general manager of Wikibon Research. Peter, we're wrapping up the show. We just did 35 interviews over the past three days. theCUBE has come for the seventh consecutive year of Oracle OpenWorld, landed and has multiplied its content. We got a lot of confetti out there, a lot of videos. But more importantly, we sat down with some of the top executives and leaders of Oracle. We sat down with some real thought leaders in the industry, venture capitalists. To really extract out kind of what the story is here. And I think, let's discuss that, let's summarize and extract the signal from the show, which is, Oracle's march to the cloud. How real is Oracle? How real is their cloud story? How real is the impact of their customers? And let's compare that to the competition. What's your thoughts? Well, I think after years of speculating what Oracle was going to do in the cloud, we now have an answer. It's going to be really Oracle in the cloud. Now for folks who want more Oracle, they now have a real cloud option. There's a lot of companies out there that are going to want more of that, who have built their enterprise around Oracle's core applications. Are interested in bringing in some of these new applications around CX, around marketing cloud, or some of these other approaches to doing new types of business. This is a great, it's going to be a great and very compelling option to them. And they now have a path forward. But there are going to be a lot of companies that still step back and maybe never made that huge investment in Oracle, except at the database level, the way that some of their brethren have. And Oracle is going to have a challenge, along with everybody else, at demonstrating that you should jump into Oracle's cloud versus anybody else's.  I mean, I think there's so many dots to connect. You said yesterday that, you know, Oracle is in as great position in a lot of these accounts. And this morning, we were with Dave Donatelli, who is really leading the charge for Oracle as a company, in terms of transforming their business model. If you look at what Donatelli's done and the enterprise converge infrastructure, bringing in the power with John Fowler and the Sun folks, quietly taking the engineered systems and bolting it in. Now they've got the infrastructure service hardened for Oracle. So you have their install base is not going anywhere. And this option for future pricing, future scenarios, really comes down to this omni product, omni path, selection or journey. It's not a linear path anymore. And if they can lock in their Oracle install base and layer innovation on top of it, they could become a mainframe. Oh, well.  Well, look, in many respects they are. And I don't necessarily mean that. I don't think we mean that in a pejorative way. But the whole concept that Oracle's bringing to the marketplace is this notion of engineered solutions, engineered systems, engineered cloud, engineered services, engineered everything. Oracle is saying, we will make many of the engineering decisions that you, this is our way of doing things because we think that you won't want to have to do this stuff. And for, again, for a big piece of the world that has bought in Oracle applications, that's the right story. For developers that don't want to muck around in the bowels of a lot of things, that's going to be the right story. Oracle's going to express their applications as services. That's going to be very, very attractive to a large class of developers. Oracle's being very aggressive about being their partners and ISVs forward with them. And historically just look at things from a database perspective. And Oracle's giving them their options. So for a company that wants to default to the Oracle engineered way, great story. Now what Oracle needs to do is prove to the marketplace that they should adopt the Oracle engineered way. And that's where a lot of the tension and a lot of the competition's going to be over the next few years. But Donna Telly was implying that if you have Dell Technologies, anything or HP, or any other non-Oracle, you're playing with a bad hand. No, you're playing catch up. And then if you go to the cloud, you're going to have investment that's not going to be worth anything. Basically what he was saying. Well, what he said is if you're an Oracle customer at the database and at the application level, and you want to run a non-Oracle stuff in the cloud, you're going to be at a disadvantage. And again, because he's bringing the whole silicon to application approach. It makes a lot of sense. So back to the database, right? So the question is, will there be more Oracle displacement of new vendors, new solutions to Oracle stuff? If that's the case, then everyone can, multi-vendor continues. If people keep their Oracle database and they continue to inch along and take territory down with their suites, then they become more locked in with Oracle. So then that proposition certainly plays in the chess game for Oracle. I don't think that people are going to be getting rid of Oracle database. I think that the notion of systems of record, engagement data, cognitive machine learning, and then some sort of new front end beyond that is the way it goes. And that's just layers of how innovation works in industry cycle. So a database is a system of record, some sort. So I think the database will still be the crown jewel. And to me, I think the competitive advantage for Oracle is the database. So how Amazon would respond to that would be interesting. Do they package stuff differently to try to compete with the packaging of Oracle? Or not? Or do they keep it the way they got it? Well, and I think that it's going to be interesting to see over the next few years as, let's sit back, John. Let's say that Oracle is successful at convincing the marketplace that this notion of an engineered approach to the cloud where you have different options for hardware. You can, as Donna Telly talked about, he talked about the cloud on the customer. Not private cloud, but cloud business model at the customer's location with Oracle having a seamless experience across public in that customer's setting. If Oracle's successful at convincing the marketplace that the engineered approach, this notion of integrated innovation in the cloud is the right way to go, that means that there's going to be a whole bunch of acquisitions going on. There's going to be all kinds of new partnerships. Oracle's thrown down the gauntlet and we're going to see whether our customers and the rest of the cloud providers, Google, Microsoft, and Amazon being the most obvious, how they respond to it. If you bring the developer equation in, which we heard from today from Oracle, it's interesting because as we were saying, we didn't say it's on camera because we were in between segments, but we were talking about, oh, it should be invisible. And you pointed out, no, it should be visible and invisible, so I think. But visible when the developer needs it to be visible. This is, to me, the table stakes for DevOps. I need to see what's available and when to push the button, so to speak, virtually cataloging, if you will. Speed, baby, speed. It's a services mindset, SOA kind of thing. I need to have visibility into what's there and working. But invisible to the developer in terms of the hassle factor configuration, so the automation where the things like Kubernetes becomes automated away. So that is wide open for Oracle. They are so not there right now. They're just now putting containers out there. They're just now talking about it.   So my point is, okay, Kubernetes and orchestration, they're going to let that play out until it's stable and then lock it in. Right, and so, look, Reinvent just became a really interesting show to attend and I know we're going to be there. Excited because Amazon has been kind of in a position of driving the market's definition of cloud. They've done it very successfully and they offer very, very good product for the class of customer that they're serving. Oracle has now shown another way. There's another lighthouse out there. And it's going to be interesting to see how, it's in the developer world and in the business communities how Amazon responds to that other lighthouse. This conversation is so great but the thing I want to end the segment on is lock-in. Lock-in actually is a good thing and bad thing, depends on how you look at it. In business school, they teach you competitive strategies about having some lock-in. And lock-in has always been a proprietary thing. Like, hey, we have proprietary code, we protect it, we fortify it, we pretend and hopefully that wins the day. But you can't really have proprietary lock-in in an open source world. Oracle has the lock-in speck of all time. It's called the database, right?  It's called the database and they know that. But they can't really lock that in because now we're in an open source world where data has to be freely available. So if I'm Oracle, I got to start thinking differently around the lock-in speck of the database by letting the open source database world develop. We heard Juan Loezo say they're going to take JSON and put that right into the database. So I see the engineers, you know, tinkering away. I see some, some smoke, haven't seen the clear signs yet. But it's almost like they're beavering away and behind closed doors to try to solve this problem. Your thoughts and observations. I think it's a great observation, John. So Oracle's got a lot of smart people and they've got a lot of cash and they've got a lot of customers and they've got a lot of intellectual property. That sounds like a formula for success. But they have just signed up for a lot of work over the next few years because this notion of an engineered approach to the cloud is making a major commitment and if it falters, people are going to pounce on it. Now, when you come to this notion of lock-in, Oracle does not want to be a source. They don't want to be take data out of our system and move it somewhere else. They also want to be a sync. We talk about new development happening on other platforms. Oracle also wants to make sure that it captures a lot of that new data capabilities. But I think you're absolutely right. The real chance or the real characteristics of lock-in, it's going to be a multi-cloud world. Oracle's cloud, Amazon's cloud, Microsoft's cloud, Google's cloud, they're all going to be in place. It's not the fate at heart because it's huge money, huge talent requirement and a lot of invention, a lot of computer science on the horizon. So we love to use war analogies. It's a full-out war, in my opinion, with the four biggies. Amazon, Microsoft, Google and Oracle. In terms of pure, we're going all in with cloud. So in order to have that, you've got the best talent. So let's talk about the talent. I mean, what do we see? And when we, Oracle has a nice facade of messaging to Wall Street, Mark Hurd, Safford Cats. I mean, they've got this thing orchestrated beautifully. They don't go off the script, cloud, cloud, cloud. But on theCUBE here, we get Juan Loez, Amit Zavri, Dianna Donatelli, sharing. They got some strong people. Come on, no question. And those strong people are what attracts other strong people. So we saw some newbies to Oracle, that people who've just joined up in the last few months in supply chain, in the basic cloud platform. So Oracle's got, Oracle is going to continue to attract that talent. And that's exciting. And they're going to present that talent out to the marketplace more than they have in the past, precisely because they do want to bring in more of that talent. But to come back to your point, the first battle, the first battle is for the definition of the ground rules. And right now what Oracle's trying to do is they're trying to seize the definition of cloud away from Amazon. That's fundamentally what they're trying to do. Now, again, as of right now, there are no losers. All four of these companies are going to succeed because we're talking about a situation where we heard data where 5%- Well, I mean, what is Oracle doing, really? Come on. I mean, not Oracle, I mean Google. What is Google doing in terms of winning? Well, I mean- Well, okay. And we'll hear where Dianne Greene's got some things to say about that. But look, here's the reality. We've heard data this week. 5% of the workload is in the cloud. 95% is on the table. And we're not even talking about the new growth that's on the horizon. Because this is only going to get more important. We are presuming that the current position, which is a minuscule element, minuscule in the grand scheme of where this is going to end up, that this position dictates what's going to happen in the future. We're going to have four clouds, at least. We're going to have customers, companies who are not regarded as cloud companies or technologies today. They're going to introduce their own customer clouds. That's going to have an enormous impact in what happens. We're going to see a redefinition of whole industries as a consequence of this. So, super early. Super early. So, is Oracle late to the game, yes or no? No. Absolutely not. We're talking about- This is going to be a 10-year journey. Oracle's put a stake in the ground and says the engineered cloud is- Yeah, I would agree.  And we know who those people are out there in the press that say that. But they're looking at the wrong cloud game, to your point. If they define Amazon as cloud. I mean, Google really doesn't have a cloud in the enterprise area except for themselves. They obviously run Gmail, so they had expertise. Oh, they got some companies that are adopting it, but you're absolutely right. Google has to decide, are they going to be an enterprise player? Because that's more than just making Gmail, Docs, and other things available. And very importantly, John, we talked about this in the first session, is the battle really between Amazon and Oracle and Google and Microsoft? Or is the battle between Oracle and Microsoft, Oracle and Amazon, that whole, that basic definition of what constitutes an enterprise cloud player is being redefined as we speak. And that's what's going to be the dominant, that's going to be the dominant story for the next year. And to put an exclamation point on that, that highlights what you just said highlights the biggest story from the show. And that is Oracle is surrounded by multiple competitive fronts. Traditionally, they were fighting battles against SAP and IBM and HP. And when Larry Ellison and they aren't really competitors, they actually still are, but in a smaller scale relative to the high ground. The high ground in this business, in the computer industry for the next 20 to 30 years is the cloud. And they have identified Amazon web services and Microsoft as the competitors in that high ground. And Google's got to apply for it. But right now, Amazon web services owns the high ground. Do you agree? Owns the definition of the high ground, but... As the ground's getting higher. But what, but again, at the end of the day, at the end of the day, there is this enormous mass of applications that are waiting to move. And that is not available to Amazon. So as the plates shift and the tectonic plates push up this new mount, the high ground is a current position, but at risk. So then with that context, AWS identified it by Oracle as the leader and pioneer, Larry Ellison's direct words in cloud. Oracle playing catch up, so to speak, in the top of the second inning or spring training, whatever. So it's different early. And Microsoft already quietly moving their customers over. So I would give those guys the top three. Oracle, I mean, I don't see much from, I mean, from Google, I don't see much from Google. Hi, Google's not to get serious. Google's gonna have to get serious. Okay, final thoughts, overall, bye for the show. Any other commentary you'd like to share? More coherent than I thought it was gonna be. Less direct appeal to developers than I thought we were gonna see. Almost a subdued atmosphere, though, on the floor. As people grok what this really means. My big takeaway is that Oracle still is the old Oracle. I haven't seen the shift from the Ivory Tower. It's still control the messaging. And at some point, as Vishal Sikha pointed out in the keynote before Ellison yesterday, the whole world's going to be different. So I'm looking for proof points for Oracle. And I haven't seen it as much this year as I had hoped for themselves being transformed as a company. Well, you know, John, we made a comment yesterday that in many respects, Larry's going back to the old playbook. What was the old Oracle playbook? The sweet. Openness. Database. Sweet. Exactly. So. Performance, look at our charts, look at their charts, look at our numbers, look at their numbers. That's the old Oracle playbook. We don't want it to fall off the wagon. He rolled it back out. Yeah, he fell off the wagon, the cloud wagon. So on that piece. But that's what I'm looking for. And when they start recognizing the new way, the company itself has to change. Look at, the cube is here, right? They have all the press. The messaging just sounds so hollow at the top. Like it's like the scene, we're the cloud, we're up by 77%. 77% of the numbers are not that big. So using percentages, not real numbers. That's a head fake. So I think the world's kind of like getting it like, hey, stop head faking us. So to me, I think the company's going to change a little bit in that area. Certainly the Wall Street might not be as sophisticated. They'll maybe fall for the numbers. But people who squint through those numbers will see, 77%, it's a good number, but in context to the growth, base. Well, look, 70, look, they're smaller in Amazon. 70% is good. It's better than five. It's better than five. Which is their on-premise business. The other number we heard was somewhere in the vicinity of four billion is associated with crowd. We'll see. But look, your basic point is, New World, are you going to have a new compact with your customers and a new engagement? We're seeing evidence that, yes, Oracle's moving in that direction, but this is going to be a lot of work. I mean, we're nitpicking now, but ultimately the big question is, is it a viable investment? So if you're an investor or you're on a bank or on Wall Street, you look at it and say, does this company have what it takes? And I would say, this company is galvanized around a mission. They are delivering the products and services down the road. They have what it takes with the people, you mentioned it. They have cash, they have talent, they have customers. I think it's a viable investment. I don't see Oracle losing much in the future battles. I see them winning a big, big piece of the pie on cloud. I think Oracle has defined the Oracle way for the cloud, and I think they're going to have to do a phenomenal job of marketing and making that real, but there is a sizable piece of the market that needs them to succeed, and that's namely all those customers, all those companies out there that their business is fundamentally based on the Oracle applications. And my final takeaway is Oracle isn't as far along as I had hoped, given the hype of the narrative from the corporate ivory tower, but that's not a bad thing. I think they're doing all the legwork, they're building the data centers. And Larry Ellison's point on stage yesterday was a good one. The stuff that they do is really hard, right? So you got to give them that. He's absolutely right for the folks who oversimplify the cloud.  So I'm giving them a huge break on that. It's the top of the second inning. They're right where they need to be. I think they're in pole position to onboard their install base, so don't judge them by too hard. I mean, they're good. They're in a good spot. I think they're in a good spot. And I agree with you. I mean, the biggest decisions about what to do in the cloud, we're talking about 5% penetration. The big decisions about what to do with the cloud if you're a CIO, haven't happened yet. Peter's been great job this week. Thanks to the crew and everyone else watching at home and doing the live blogging, tweeting away, Jeff Frick and the team. You watching the team? We're going to be at re-invent. So we're going to be having the Amazon store. We're going to hear with Andy Jassy and his team say at Amazon re-invent. Obviously, I'm getting texts since yesterday on the headline on SiliconANGLE, the lock-in baby. I recall on Amazon a lock-in. This is setting up for quite the fun show for re-invent, totally agree with you. Go to SiliconANGLE.tv to find out where we're going to be next. SiliconANGLE.com for all the coverage. Check out Wikibon.com for all the latest research and sign up for the premium subscription. If you're interested, it's theCUBE signing out from Oracle Open World 2016 live in San Francisco. This is theCUBE. I'm John Furrier with Peter Burris. Thanks for watching.


A lot of you really enjoyed my last video explaining why the Danny Gonzalez TikTok song didn't go viral, so I thought I'd make a new video about his power balance experiment. I know a lot of you are nerds just like me, who love science and love to learn. So let's discuss what's going on with Danny's power balance band. Recently, Danny came across a YouTube ad for a wristband that apparently helps people with their balance and makes them quote unquote feel better. This is nothing new and snake oil salesmen have been around for ages. As consumers, it's important that we know how to spot pseudoscientific claims so we don't waste our money on sham products like these balance bands. As Danny mentioned in his video, he remembered the original power balance bands from high school because all of the athletes were wearing them. Although I'm a little older than Danny Gonzalez, I remember people wearing these bands to improve their game as well. What Danny didn't mention was that professional athletes were even wearing these things. Shaquille O'Neal, yes, Shaq wore one and he said that it quote unquote really works and then went on to say, there were about three of my teammates with the product on and we won that game by 57 points. During the height of the power balance craze, celebrities were wearing these bands too. Celebrities like Gerard Butler, Robert De Niro and Demi Moore were wearing them. Since then, the realm of social media has exploded and celebrities are promoting even more pseudoscientific products to us. In the best case scenario, it's Gwyneth Paltrow promoting her Goop wellness products, but worst case, it's Instagram influencers promoting flat tummy teas. Although we're going to have some fun debunking the bad science around power balance bands, it's crucial that we understand science so we don't waste hard earned money on these fraudulent products. In his video, Danny Gonzalez reads the FAQ from the power balance site. One question asks, what does it do, will the wristbands work for everyone? What does it do, will the wristband work for everyone? Well, we have received testimonials and responses from around the world about how power balance has helped people. There is no assurance it can work for everyone. We make no claims and let the consumer decide based on their experience. That's smart. That's a crazy marketing strategy. We don't make any claims about what our product does. We let the consumer decide what the product does. I think that's the slogan of the new iPhone. After reading this, Danny laughs in jokes about how this is a genius marketing technique. Although it's definitely funny how they've worded this and this is a huge red flag to anyone even considering buying one of these things, there's actually a good reason why they have this disclaimer. Dr. Steven Novella is one of the hosts of the Skeptics Guide to the Universe podcast and he has some great courses on medical myths and alternative medicines. In his audio course, The Skeptics Guide to Alternative Medicine, Dr. Novella discusses the fraudulent claims made by power balance and the power tricks they use to sell the bands to people. Eventually, the FTC cracked down on power balance and the company was forced to release the following statement. Quote, we admit that there is no credible scientific evidence that supports our claims, end quote. And they also agreed to give refunds to customers who believe they were cheated. Well, despite the skepticism of the power balance band, Danny Gonzalez bought 30 of them and decided to do a little bit of an experiment. Today, we're going to discuss his experiment and what it tells us about the power balance bands and what a better version of the experiment would look like. But before we get started, if you're new to the rewired soul, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. Here, we practice critical thinking and your skepticism to better understand what's going on in the world while also improving our own well-being. And if you're interested in any of Dr. Steven Novella's books or audio courses about medical myths and alternative medicines, my affiliate links with them are down in the description below. One of the reasons I love Danny Gonzalez and his friends Curtis Conner and Drew Gooden is because they have scientific minds. You can tell they're inquisitive and like many of us, they just want to understand how the world works a little bit better. The world is a crazy place and even with all of the advances we've made in medicine, psychology, and technology, there's still a lot we don't know. So let's nerd out for a minute and pretend that Danny Gonzalez really wanted to see if these power balance bands worked. The first thing we need to do is develop some type of measurement for what it means for these things to quote unquote work. Power balance makes a lot of bold claims, but for the sake of this experiment and Danny's video, we're going to focus on one measurement, balance. Danny did a great job in his original video defining a metric for measurement. He wanted to see if the power balance band actually improved his balance. In the video, Danny used the time measurement of Mississippi's to count, but in a real experiment, we prefer something a little bit more accurate like a stopwatch. In this experiment, the independent variable is the power balance band. So Danny was on the right track by doing two different tests.  After doing the experiment a few times, Danny was a little shocked that it seemed like the power balance band actually increased the amount of time he could balance. Not only that, but when he put on all 30 bands, he reached his longest balancing time yet. I do feel kind of icy, though. Look at this drip. Here it goes. If I die, don't watch this. All right, well, here we go. One Mississippi, two Mississippi, three Mississippi, four Mississippi, six Mississippi, seven Mississippi, eight Mississippi, nine Mississippi, about 13 Mississippi, 17 Mississippi, 27 Mississippi, 28 Mississippi, 29 Mississippi. Man, what the? So, did the power balance band improve Danny's balance? Well, we're not sure. After Danny did his experiments, he said that he's not sure if it actually worked. He questioned whether or not he just naturally improved his balance by practicing balancing. If you're trying to be a scientific thinker, this is an excellent question to ask yourself. Some scientists have had to retract their work because they didn't ask themselves these questions. Sometimes, like the rest of us, scientists fall victims to their own biases. When trying to confirm their belief, they'll test something until it works. When it doesn't work, they come up with reasons why it didn't work, and then when it does work, they just stop. This is bad science. Right now, in the scientific community, there's a replication crisis, and a lot of it is because of this exact issue. In our hypothetical situation, Danny has come to us, told us about his results, and wants to know if he's proven that the power of balance band actually works. The first step we're gonna take as good scientists is to try to come up with alternative explanations for how we may have had his results. The first explanation is what Danny mentioned in this video, which is that it's possible that by practicing balancing, he would have improved anyways. This is actually an issue that pharmaceutical companies run into with antidepressants as well. Did the medication actually work, or would the person just start feeling better due to hedonic adaptation? The next explanation is the placebo effect. As we discussed earlier, professional athletes like Shaquille O'Neal swore by the power of balance band. It's 2020, and we see celebrities talking about the benefits of pseudoscientific remedies like energy healing and essential oils as well. It's definitely possible that someone might start performing better with the power of balance band on, or feel better with energy healing, but this can be the placebo effect at work. In his book, Suggestable You, author Eric Vance takes a deep dive explaining all of the powerful ways the placebo effect works. Using antidepressants as an example once again, many people feel better when taking the medication just because of the placebo effect. In many studies, when the person is given a sugar pill rather than the actual medication, they'll claim that it's helped their depression. Personally, my belief is that if you're willing to risk the possible side effects, but the placebo effect works on you, do your thing. And in the case of the power balance band, if it's making athletes play better like they're lucky underwear, that's great. But Danny Gonzalez hired us to do a job, so we need to figure out if this band actually works or if it's the placebo effect. So what do we do? We start by making two bands that appear to be the same, but one of them was actually fake. Then we could run two tests with Danny. One with a real band and one with a fake band. If you balance this longer with a real band, it works, right? Not quite yet. As scientists, it's possible that we're biased. Maybe we really want the power balance band to fail. So we unconsciously stop the stopwatch later with the placebo band to prove that the real power balance is fake. Or what often happens is a company like Power Balance has their own testers. And maybe they stop the stopwatch later with the real band to improve the appearance of the band. Since Danny might succumb to the placebo effect and we might have an unconscious bias, we need to turn to the gold standard for experiments like this, which is the double blind study. The double blind study means that not only does Danny not know which band he's getting, neither do we, the experimenters. Although many pharmaceutical companies don't comply with double blind study standards, it was created due to the fact that these companies often pay their own researchers to run tests. When you spend billions of dollars creating a medication, or in this case, a product, and you're funding the research, you're more likely to skew towards positive results. Now that Danny doesn't know which band he has and neither do we, we can rerun the experiment. The next issue we face is that there are all sorts of variables we need to take into consideration. What if Danny didn't get that good of sleep last night so it affects his balance?  Or what if he's better than the average person at balancing? And how will we know if it works for other people if we only base it on testing Danny? The key to a great study is having the biggest sample size possible. We don't have time to get into the nitty gritty of statistics and data analysis, but we want to try this with as many people as possible. Ideally we'd get hundreds or even thousands of people to participate in this experiment so we can start getting some average balancing times. We'd also want to create a third group of people who don't wear a band at all so we have a control to compare the metrics to. With a double blind study and a proper sample size, we'd be able to be much more confident in our conclusion about the power balance band. But in my opinion, we could save a lot of time and resources by bypassing all of this nonsense. Why? Because the premise of the power balance band is complete pseudoscience. To date, we have no scientific evidence of frequencies or energy having any physical effects on the body aside from the placebo effect. And that's why it's important to understand science. We can save a lot of time and a lot of money by not even messing with some of these products because we know the science doesn't back it. While the placebo effect is a powerful thing, there are a lot of free placebos out there. All right, everybody. I hope you enjoyed that little video essay about the Danny Gonzalez power balance band experiment.  I have so much fun making these new type of videos and talking about this and just nerding out. Like I said in the intro, like I'm glad that I'm, you know, we're all creating a community of people who just like wanna understand the world a little bit better. And like I said, like this is a silly power balance band, but there's so many products marketed to us. And we can, when we understand the scientific process and what science actually says about different, you know, effects and results and things like that, we could save a lot of money. But the placebo effect could be a powerful thing and you could do you boo, right? Like if a little band makes you feel like you're Superman, do your thing. All right, but anyways, I love nerding out about this stuff just understanding the world and human behavior and all that. And I'm glad that you guys do too. And again, like I've been plowing through books. I'm at like 230 books for the year so far. And that's why I love recommending them to you guys. They're always linked down in the description. They're affiliate links, so a little bit comes back to the support of the channel. Check them out. And I know the holidays are coming up and it's a rough time for some people. If you're interested, I personally use BetterHelp online therapy. And there's always an affiliate link down in the description below. So again, you get affordable online therapy during this crazy pandemic. It's nice. I can do it from the comfort of my own home. We talk like once a week. You could do video call. You can just do a regular phone call. You could text message, whatever. But yeah, if you wanna check out BetterHelp, that's down in the description below. I have some more videos planned for the holidays. There's any topics that you want me to cover if you're curious about human behavior around the holidays or why we get depressed or anxious or sad or whatever like that. You know, I'll see what I can find in the field of science and we'll start discussing it. All right, but anyways, I'm gonna go now. I'm sorry for keeping you so long. That's all I got for this video. If you liked the video, please give it a thumbs up if you're new. Make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. And a huge thank you to everybody who supports the channel over on Patreon or using my affiliate links down below. I really, really, really appreciate it. And I will see you next time.


So, okay, so I'm gonna talk a little bit about this. Okay, so I've given this talk before about a month ago, and I'll just quickly go through the slides because this is a different audience. This is, you guys are much more hardware focused, so I'll try to emphasize that part. And the hot topic that I wanted to, that sort of drove a lot of the issues in this is Intel versus ARM, right? I think it's hot topic in more ways than one. Something that came out quite recently is the performance per watt of these enterprise server-grade ARM processors. The numbers there are something like two to one, like an Intel CPU system takes like 300 watts versus some ARM processor taking about half that. And similar demos, the numbers always vary, but it's always like vastly in favor of the ARM-based server systems. And in fact, this person here is a CEO of Humbicle Cloudflare, which is another CDN that's proposed to speak about 10% of the internet, as they're playing. Anyway, they were like really looking into this to replace their, you know, whatever thousands of servers that they have with something more efficient. And so I was thinking, that sort of sounds really familiar. In fact, about 20 years ago, this thing came out, right? And some of you in your high school probably weren't even out, but this thing came out. And so one of the key things about Google when it launched was actually, not just the PageRank algorithm and all this, you know, index the whole web and all that, because there were self-turnouts out there. But one of the crazy things that I thought was revolutionary and stuck around, cause like PageRank's gone, but like what stuck around was the idea that you can post web stuff, web giant services on commodity hardware. At the time, it was these machines. In fact, most of these were donated to them.  This is in fact donated to them because they were like poor starting students at this university.  And sort of the big idea is you focus on not just like the most powerful servers, the most powerful processors, but you go for something that's the best performance per cost. So if I, so I was thinking about this and in today's context, I sort of feel that the, you know, this whole Intel versus ARM and sort of replacing that, what was then Intel versus, sort of Intel was the underdog versus like the enterprise systems of that day. And I feel like today, you know, maybe Intel has sort of become that now enterprise-class hardware so they're like, you know, the best CPUs out there, you can get these Intel Xeons, thousands of dollars, really powerful. ARM is sort of the new commodity because if everyone has it in their phone, or your Raspberry Pi's or all these things come out of that ARM commoditized market. In fact, I feel the best performance per dollar today is coming from phones, except for the latest generation phones. So if you look at the phones that came out like one or two or three years ago, they're the CPUs are basically trash. Like nobody's gonna put them in a phone or a tablet or anything today. So you can pick them up for scraps. And because there were so many of them made, if we all have phones, like there's billions and billions of phones, even if there's a few percent leftover capacity, there's just gonna be, you know, shops on, you can go to AliExpress or alibaba.com and buy them by the thousands. And they're super cheap. So they don't really expire as far as I know. You guys maybe felt no better, but silicon chips don't really degrade if you keep them in a sealed container on a shelf in China. It's kind of fine. So, there's only one here at the FOS Ader Conference, by the way. If you, you know, I had a really great time there and one of the most impactful talks to me was Bunny Huam's talk, where he sort of gave an overview of the Shenzhen landscape. Like all the hardware manufacturing happens there and it was really insightful views. One of the key things that, to me, it really struck me that it was the concept that some of these individual stalls in these electronic smalls in Shenzhen could have more inventory, more chips in their shop than like you find in all of North America on these online sites.  So I thought that was really cool. Like they have this surplus stuff that's sort of left over in China. Nobody does anything with it. So it's just collecting dust sort of, I guess, yeah. And some other stuff is like, if you look at the number of CPUs being sold today, if you look at like servers, desktops and mobile, you see some interesting things, especially when you look at the absolute numbers. Like, you know, we all know like mobile phones is like growing up like crazy, but it's sort of flattening off because there's only so many people in the world and they all have phones now. Desktops, obviously, you know, we expect that it's kind of dropping servers kind of slowly still going up a little bit, not overwhelming. In absolute numbers, though, it's a different, like it's a different story. Like it's just, this is millions of units, by the way. It's only 11 million CPUs every year. Like Intel, Xeon, desktops, 100, laptops, 160, tablets, something like that. But phone is just kind of ridiculous. In fact, if you look at the number of phones that all have these ARM CPUs, it's 100 plus times the number of servers. So what is this ARM thing that's looked a little bit about? Stands originally for ACORN, RISC, machines, RISC meaning something else, but then they eventually changed that, now it's just ARM, okay? So this is like almost all mobile processors ever. Like not just in phones, you know, like there's a hundred billion of these things sold. And if you look at those other numbers, that's a lot. Right? And that's all ARM CPUs, they're everywhere. Like we all have multiple of them, you know, even in our laptops, there'll be some ARM processors doing some random thing, like controlling your touch pad or whatever, right? So the ARM ecosystem exists, this is not just one company, like Intel, would just be Intel selling them, or AMD, but actually a lot of companies license their chips from ARM. And they license two things, primarily, which is the instruction set, like for instance, ARM 8, or ARM 7, or ARM 6 before that. And, but also entire designs of the CPU cores.  And you can figure out with them, and they help you build all that stuff. So there's a lot of companies doing that. One of the cool things to me, as a web developer, is that the newer ARM CPUs aren't really that risk anymore, where it stood for reduced or something like that, where it was very simple CPUs and therefore cheap. Nowadays, actually, people are paying good money for phones and stuff like that, so the cost of them actually has gone up as well. And definitely the performance of them has gone up. So now they've got harder accelerated cryptography, which means that when you're doing something like what I'm doing with the web, it's all HTTP2, it's by default all gonna be encrypted. And so when they can do that in Silicon, it's gonna be much more efficient. There exists also some of these server CPUs, actually. So I made these slides up maybe a month ago. One of these companies has now sort of pulled the plug on their project. I don't know if you're familiar with the whole Qualcomm story that happened a little while ago, where there was a big takeover attempt by some other company. And I think one of the things is that they kind of put back on their research spending for a little while. I don't know, I'm just hypothesizing, but they're still the other one. And I'm sure lots of companies have shown interest in this idea that you can run ARM servers. So I'm sure that will continue to evolve that landscape. Anyway, back to what I'm doing with them is sort of looking at like Netflix and... I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Okay, anyway, that's it. That was not part of my slides, just to make it easier. Anyway, so I'm a web developer and I host websites, I make single page apps and things like that. And I want them to be fast for everyone in the world. So when I look at traditional CDNs, like a company like Netflix, which we're all familiar with and I'm not trying to say anything about Netflix per se, it's just a good reference that everyone can relate to as a CDN. They serve huge amounts of traffic, like a third of all traffic in the United States at peak times is what they've been claiming for years. So it's mind blowing. So I've created something now that I like to call comments host. This is a project that I've been working on for about a couple of years, like started off as a little side project, experiments and stuff like that and I sort of consumed my life now. It's world's smallest CDN right now, sadly. I guess I'm using really, really small little servers, VPSs, it's all built on Node.js, which is another thing that kind of makes people scratch their head because why would you ever do something that's supposed to be about performance with Node.js, which is not like, I think it's pretty good, but like some people are like, oh, you have to write assembly code or like etch your instructions in silicon or something, I don't know. I also designed everything to be HTTP2 by default, but that was actually what got me into it first place. A couple of years ago, I was like really into like SPD and the SPDY protocol thing and I became HTTP2. So I've been really, really passionate about that and it's all open source, every single line of code that I write is open source except for my sort of security tokens and environment card, things like that, obviously. And what I'm trying to actually do is build a ridiculously huge number of POPs, like a point of presence for a CDN is critical to have low latency to everyone in the world. You want to get as close to as many people in the world as possible. And I think all the aforementioned stuff is critical to achieving that. So, okay, this is the hardware component of the talk. I did not build this, but kind of it. Okay, so, thank you, thank you. Yeah. Show it closer to your camera. Oh, here you go, here you go. I mean, it's the slides right there. You can just make the slide to the screen the same. So anyway, this is actually a little ARM-based server, which a lot of you probably know. It's made by a company called HeartColonel in Korea. It's called Odroid. In fact, this is an Odroid HC1. That's why I say I don't make these things. It's just open hardware that I'm using for my open source CDN. The only thing, but pretty much that I did do it was to spray paint the cover, white, because I think it looks pretty. And I put a little sticker on there. That's really pretty much it. It's inside, it's just an extruded aluminium case with a little board. This is the entire board. There's nothing behind, this is the SSD hard drive. And this little board, at the bottom, has a little like Exynos, Samsung Exynos chip from a phone from like the Samsung Galaxy S4-5 or whatever it was. It's got eight CPU cores, a couple of gigabytes of RAM, and a gigabit ethernet port. And like I said, I just paired it with an SSD. You could take any 2.5-inch SSD. There's a 2.5-inch model as well. There's a little bit thicker. Costs about a dollar or more or something. I mean, I pick them up for like 49 USD or something. It's really, really affordable. And what I do is I load Node.js on there. Because my code is written in JavaScript, it actually runs just fine because Node.js is supported by ARM. So I'm just running Ubuntu on there and I have my Node.js code on there and it just runs quite well. And in fact, in the last couple of years, a lot of optimization has gone into making stuff work better on ARM, like server stuff, to the tradition. So what the bigger players are doing in terms of optimizing for their server-grade ARM is sort of really benefiting everyone else who's running on Raspberry Pi's and equivalent systems. So that's the little hardware thing. In terms of specs, like a traditional CDN server or a traditional big server in a data center would just be like an 8-core Xeon processor or above. This is like an 8-core ARM processor, which is like the big little thing. So it's like four really low power cores for when you're running on 10% of your battery remaining and it's trying to save your battery life. So it has four little cores in there, four bigger cores, but when you say big core, they're really low performance still. But I managed to benchmark it and actually saturate like a one gigabit connection. So that achieves my goal. Anything more than that is wasted. So I was happy with that. It uses very little power compared to a traditional server as well. This comes with a five volts, four amp power supply. So it's like, and then when you're even under full load, I'm not even attaching like any external devices to it. It's just taking maybe like five watts, 10 watts max. You know, you could run a Bitcoin mine run it and not hit like 10 watts probably. So it's actually like 20 watts is very generous. To the storage, yeah, like you can, if you put like a 3.5 inch model drive in there, you can get like 10 terabytes plus. So it's pretty decent capacity performance wise. Any hard drive today, especially SSD will saturate a gigabit connection. So like I see no real issues with that. Oh, yeah, you can stack them. I had like five of them at home. I should have included that photo. It's quite cool to see and then you have like all these different ethernet cables in there because you're limited to one gigabit each, right? Good sort of commodity networking hardware. Anyway, okay, so you could stack a whole bunch of them. People have done this to do, I don't know what. But I don't think the point of like building CDN servers is to have like really gigantic servers. I think it's better to just go for a lot of servers when you have like different hardware cost structure instead of deploying one big server in a big data center with a hundred gigabit or whatever connection to it. I want to deploy like a hundred of these with one gigabit each across the world or across a city or a country. So the cost of these is like orders of magnitude less so I can have orders of magnitude more of them so I can actually hopefully deploy them closer to more people in the world. That's sort of really my goal. I look at the number of pops of existing CDNs. It goes from a couple of dozen to the biggest one is less than 2,000, which sounds like a lot, but that's because they're big servers and more or less in data centers. Some of these might be like in a closet in a university campus where they have like a big user base, but like a lot of them are just gonna be in data centers like professional stuff and I'm like totally not designing for that because I feel like that's already a solved problem. Like these guys have done a fantastic job. Again, I don't mean to like hate on anyone. It's just that that's not where I can contribute my value. I'd like to deploy these and so far I have done that now in the last month or so I've deployed them in places like in Malaysia. You deploy something there without knocking on the door of a data center and paying thousands of dollars a month. I just go to my friend's house and say, you have Fiverr, okay, can you plug one of these things in and you're done, we have a pop for the CDN and we remotely administrate and deploy and manage it and secure it and it works. So yeah, that's actually essentially there's a lot of places in the world where they could use something like this, I feel and you can't just put like a billion dollars into building a million or a thousand big servers and for the money of like one or two of those servers you could have a thousand of these pops and that's sort of my goal. Okay, so in fact, I started off with this sort of realization that if, what if data centers were kind of like HDBs? Or the idea of like we live in Asia, we live in like most of the world today is like new housing is coming up as big apartments and they all have Fiverr and it turns out that's not just true in Singapore, it's actually true across Asia. Like that was something that I just kind of was really fascinated by the last six months that I found out Fiverr is so cheap to install that all the new business parks and condos and new developments across Asia and we're talking China, India, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Far East, Central Asia. And in fact, now places in Africa too that I've been talking to friends there, like they all just have Fiverr ISPs. Like you look at kind of like Myanmar which is like kind of economically only opened up very recently, but there's like half a dozen ISPs that offer Fiverr more than Singapore. Not saying that they have full coverage but they're available and they're growing so fast. And same thing in the Philippines which is originally known for having like some of the slowest internet in the world. So ran the picture, right, same thing. Okay, so blah, blah, blah, talked about that. We're out of time and kind of really skipping through, sorry. Okay, so if you wanna, if this has at all been interesting to you check out the website, comments, I'll post. Check out my Twitter, you know, get in touch with me but try to just deploy your website to it. I really need people to give me feedback on the usability. I really wanna make it super easy for developers like myself who are front-end developers to just deploy static websites. It's kind of, if you're using, you know, something like GitHub Pages or Netlify or one of these sites or S3 Bucket and you know, this is supposed to be the same functionality but slightly easier, slightly more open-sourced and actually with Pops in the places that we probably have our users like Southeast Asia. Like in the coming days I'll be deploying Pops friends in Vietnam, looking at Indonesia deploying some servers there. So if you have users in those countries this should be like lightning fast compared to going back to the S3 server in Singapore. You just have it with someone on your same ISP locally or within the country at least. If you're like the idea of how this could be kind of cool let me know if you could host one of these not if you're in Singapore because I already have several of them here but if you have friends in like other countries that could benefit from something like this because they don't have like a local copy of AWS Data Center then get in touch or if you wanna sponsor one of these things they're very cheap, couple hundred bucks for like the entire setup with the hard drive and everything. Let me know. And otherwise just like tell your friends about this project if you like it. Thank you.


So, that's the background, published in the paper in 1985, come the early 90s, I get the phone call from the lawyers for Judas Priest in Reno, Nevada, where the trial is going to take place. This is a civil suit. The plaintiffs have filed for millions of dollars, by the way, in damages. So she calls me up and says, you're the only authorities on this, nobody else has published a paper on background messages, and they were claiming there were a number of backwards abdominals in this particular album, the stained-class album by Judas Priest. And I said, oh, okay, that's fine, I'm more than happy to serve as an expert for you. I'll provide you all the research I can get for you, and other kinds of things. And she says, well, yeah, thank you very much, it's very nice, but no, we want you to come and testify for us. And I said, well, there's a problem, and she goes, what problem? And I said, you probably want my co-author to do this job. He's actually had experience in court as an expert witness, not in this domain, but in eyewitness testimony. And she said, no, no, you're the first author we have to have you.  And she said, yeah, fine, no big deal. And so a year, or almost a year. She calls me once, twice a week, we talk about things, I don't think it's going, and she says, OK, so are you ready to think about your testimony and this kind of stuff? And well, as I said, I think you really want my colleague. So here's what happens. The day of, we're flying down there for the first weekend meeting, an actual face-to-face meeting. Now, the reason I was reticent, and I'd actually told her, is that I actually look like one of the band members. And the judge is known for having somewhat less than positive attitude toward people who look like me. And she's all, pfft, not a problem, don't worry about it. So the day we were flying down to meet the team and Judas Priest, Don Reed was leaving from Vancouver, and he got there earlier to Reno than I did from Lesbridge. So I'm the last to arrive.   And then it says, now Don, when you're in the stand. So I actually didn't testify, it's a Judas Priest trial. My name is John. I think about knowing.


Now the last two things we have to discuss here, is the azeotropic mixture and then the Henry's law, okay? So write down next heading, azeotrope, azeotrope write down, it is the, first of all you understand one thing in this particular topic you are not going to get any numerical question, even this is not that much important also, only few things you have to memorize, okay that I will tell you what you need to keep in mind, okay? So write down it is a mixture of, mixture of two or more, two or more liquid in such a ratio in such a ratio, so that its composition, so that its composition cannot be changed, cannot be changed by simple distillation, right? Means you will get a particular composition of the components of the mixture, beyond that the separation is not possible, means you won't get the pure form of any of the component of the mixture, okay? Next let me write down, since, since the composition of the mixture, composition of the mixture is unchanged, mixture is unchanged by distillation, by distillation, hence, hence, hence they are also called as, called as constant boiling mixture, azeotropes are nothing but constant boiling mixture, constant boiling mixture. In this case write down, if the mixture forms, if the mixture forms azeotropic mixture, yeah that you can do Prithee, you can assume that, 2.5 and 100 you can assume, accordingly you find out the number of moles, that you can do, okay? So write down, for azeotropic mixture, for azeotropic mixture, the liquid and vapor composition does not change, the liquid and vapor composition does not change, hence, the separation of component, hence the separation of any of the component in its pure form is not possible, separation of any of the component in its pure form is not possible, okay? This is one thing, so 2, 3 points you need to keep in mind, azeotropic mixtures cannot be separated into its pure form, okay? And they boil at constant temperature, because it is constant boiling mixture, these 2 things you need to memorize, 2 types of azeotropes we have, okay? There are 2 types of azeotropic mixtures and the 2 types we have here is, the first one is positive azeotrope, positive azeotrope, positive azeotrope is possible for those solutions which shows positive deviation from Rawls law, positive deviation from Rawls law, okay? All those solutions which shows positive deviation from Rawls law may behaves as positive azeotrope. For this kind of, we also know that the boiling point of the mixture, write down one more important point, the boiling point of the mixture is less than, is less than any of its, any of its individual component, you need to memorize this, this kind of mixture, azeotropic mixture will have maximum vapor pressure at one composition, what we can say, at one composition, that is azeotropic composition, and this is the azeotropic composition, at one composition, it may have maximum vapor pressure and hence the minimum boiling point, maximum vapor pressure and minimum boiling point and that is why we also call it as minimum boiling azeotrope, since the minimum boiling point we have, so minimum boiling azeotrope. Examples are important, sometimes they also ask examples, suppose water plus ethanol, water plus ethanol, ethanol composition in this mixture is 95.97%, rest is water, so this composition, this plus rest of water gives you positive azeotrope, similarly you see benzene and ethanol, benzene plus ethanol and if ethanol is 32.4%, this and rest of the thing is benzene here, this composition also forms azeotropic, positive azeotropic mixture, acetic acid, acetic acid and toluene, toluene is 72%, so this composition also gives the azeotropic mixture, positive azeotrope, got it, so this examples also you must memorize, the most important thing is this one, maximum vapor pressure and minimum boiling point and minimum boiling azeotrope, done all of you have written this, let me know if you are done, can we move ahead, okay, second type of azeotropic mixture is just opposite of it, that is negative azeotrope, okay, so second type you write down, everything will be exactly opposite here, negative azeotrope, this kind of azeotropic mixture has boiling point more than, more than any of its individual component, just opposite, more than any of its individual component, okay, so at azeotropic mixture and this is shown by all solutions, all solutions which shows negative deviation, negative deviation from Rawls law, negative deviation from Rawls law, okay, this solution at azeotropic mixture, at azeotropic composition it has, it has minimum vapor pressure, minimum vapor pressure and hence maximum boiling point and that is why we also call it as maximum boiling, maximum boiling azeotrope, the other name is this also, maximum boiling azeotrope, example, chloroform and acetone, acetone is 20% and 80% of chloroform forms azeotropic mixture, nitric acid with water 32% azeotropic mixture, okay, these are the examples, so this only theory you need to keep in mind for azeotropic mixture, there are many things in this particular topic which is to understand but in our syllabus we have these much only, you don't require any other things, okay, so this, this is done, the azeotropic mixture is done, now the last thing we are left with is Henry's law, okay, so Henry's law will start after the break, yes


Hello everybody, HoodedCobraCommander788 here, and it's been a while since I've been able to do a mid-week video because I've been so busy. But I thought I'd try one, kind of an unplanned video here in the middle of the week. This video was requested by a longtime friend of the channel, Byron Kellogg. Byron sent me this GI Joe figure from 2000. This is later than the era of GI Joe that I normally collect, but this is an interesting figure. This is chameleon, and as you can see, it is essentially a reissue of the 1984 Baroness figure with some new paint applications. I'm not going to do a complete comparison between these two figures, although you can see them here. You can see how they compare. But Byron was asking if I could do a comparison of the accessories. They came with some very similar accessories, and so it might be helpful to take a look at them and see if we can tell them apart. But that's not all I want to do. I've been sent a couple other figures by viewers, and I wanted to get them in front of the camera as well. So we will look at those two. Let's take a look at chameleon's accessories. She came with a black version of Firefly's walkie-talkie, not bad.  Now let's look at the Baroness's accessories. She did not come with the walkie-talkie, but she did come with the same black laser rifle and the same black backpack. Let's take a look at these laser rifles side by side, and it is kind of hard to tell them apart, but looking at them in person, there is a difference. I'm not sure if it's coming through on the camera though. This is the Baroness's rifle, and this is the chameleon rifle. The Baroness's rifle is more of a true jet black. The rifle that came with chameleon is more of a charcoal. If these were separate, it could be easy to get them mixed up, but side by side, in person, you can tell a difference. Now let's look at the backpacks, and these backpacks look like they are the same, both in molding and in color. I don't see a color difference in person on these backpacks. They do actually look identical. The only difference I could find between the two was in the shape of the backpack. The backpack for the chameleon backpack appears to be more rounded at the end than the Baroness backpack. Before we move on, here is the Baroness and chameleon side by side. Just for a quick look, you can see the chameleon uses the same mold as the Baroness. Just some additional paint applications, but not just the red. There also appears to be a black paint application over the armor chest plate, and that gives it more of a glossy finish. It is subtle and not easy to see, but I guess that's a nice touch. I still prefer the Baroness action figure from 1984 because I like the subtlety of the all black uniform, and I like the chest symbol better as well. Now I'd like to look at a couple of carded figures, starting with this one. This is the fun school release of grunt version 3. So this is a GI Joe figure from India, and it's in a case here, and I'll leave it in the case. We can see it well enough from there. This figure was sent to me by a viewer named Christopher Beadingcoff, and I am very grateful thank you for sending this to me, Chris. I just love this thing. It is so wacky. First take a look at this artwork. That artwork is very different from what we got in the United States, and the artwork doesn't look anything like the figure. That figure used the exact same mold from grunt version 3, but look at the colors. They found a way to make the colors even crazier than the US version, and I thought the US versions colors were pretty nutty. He still has that crazy flat top, and he has an orange jacket, the brown jacket on the American version I have to say is better. Then he has these aqua blue colored trousers, and wow, I don't know which color is better, the aqua blue or the banana yellow. My favorite part about this card is this kid. This is an advertisement for free GI Joe tattoo maker, and that's it right there. It's basically just a rubber ink stamp, and this kid is extremely happy, way too happy to have GI Joe stamps all over his face. So, looking at it around to the back, it's not too crazy back here. We have a file card, and it's more or less the same as our US file card. It even keeps his birthplace as Columbus, Ohio. We have the cross sell here, and there you have it, made in India by Fun School India Limited. The packaging is entirely in English, there is no Hindi on it. Now for the grand finale, the epic unboxing. This is one that I will open. This figure was sent to me by Chris Pierce from the web series Comic Tropes. He found this in a shop for a dollar, and got it on a lark and sent it to me. And I have to say, this is great. I both love and hate everything about this. As you can see, this is a knock off figure of the Baroness, and with the paint applications, it actually looks more like chameleon, but there are some major differences and we will look at those, but first let's look at the packaging. It is called Extreme Troop, Counter-Terrorist Units, and there is no card art other than this, I guess this is supposed to be a camouflage background that is very busy and distracting. It has a description here, it says, the Extreme Troop are chosen from among the world's ultra experts in the military arts and specialist to maintain peace against rogue nations. I don't think Winston Churchill could have said it better. The forces against terrorism, and it looks like you get some kind of trading card here. We will take a look at that, but first let's flip this card around to the back and see what's back here. Here in the back we have a cross cell, and these are all just ripped off GI Joe figures. These are all just knock offs of GI Joe figures. So let's zoom in so we can see all the figures they are ripping off. And these guys don't even have code names, they just have countries. This is Snake Eyes, obviously, and he just has country Spain, headquarters Madrid, weapons microbe bomb, specializes guerrilla. And let's see, oh here's our Baroness knockoff right here, it says country France, headquarters Paris, weapons double barreled pistol, specializes command's troop. She commands a single troop apparently. My favorite is this one, which has his weapons as nuclear weapon. This was made in 2002 by Aglo Corp. So Hasbro if you're looking for who to sue about this, there they are. I am going to rip this open, I've been looking forward to opening this figure ever since I got it, but I wanted to wait so that I could open it on camera so you guys could see it.  And frankly, if you are out there trying to collect all the extreme troop figures, there is something wrong with you. Make better decisions with your life. So let's do it, let's open extreme troop Baroness and see what we get. It actually is sealed pretty well on here. Let's try to, I'm not trying to preserve the card at all. I'm not trying to preserve any part of this, let's just tear it open. On the card we have a plain yellow background. We got some orange, I guess that's supposed to be flames or explosions, it's not very well done. The whole card design is pretty poor. So here is the figure in the plastic. Let's pull the plastic off of the back. It looks like the figure is going to come with it. There we go. Now here's the figure in the tray. It looks like the accessories are taped in so I'll have to pull the tape off of there. The card thing is also taped in and there's nothing on the back. It's not like a trading card at all. I guess this is just part of the packaging. But I mean it doesn't, it's not like a file card or anything. It doesn't give you any information. It's just a really bad picture of the figure with the extreme troop logo. So that is useless. Here it is, a real vintage knock off Baroness figure and I'm going to take a closer look at this but I'd actually like to get the accessories out of the tray first. Okay, I got the accessories out and she comes with another black firefly walkie talkie very similar to the chameleon walkie talkie. She comes with a backpack and this is very similar to the original Baroness backpack but it's easy to tell it apart from the original. What it is missing is the texture pattern.  All the sculpting is not nearly as good either. So easy to tell this apart from a vintage Baroness backpack. She doesn't stand very well. Here, stay right there. Finally she comes with a silver Uzi and this is a copy of the Uzi that came with the 1989 Snake Eyes. But you can tell the difference very easily. The one that came with the knock off Baroness is silver and the Uzi for Snake Eyes was great. Alright, let's look at the figure and here we have the head and there may be some quality control issues here compared with the original Baroness head. We have all the same elements. We have a somewhat human looking face. We have black hair and we have glasses and lipstick but man the quality is so poor on this. I mean the hair is not placed properly on the head. The lipstick paint application is off and the skin color is pale to the point of being translucent. The paint applications are obviously meant to copy the chameleon action figure except really poorly done. Both front and back are just a really half-assed job. The molding is really soft and loses a lot of the detail. This is a very poor representation of the Baroness and you might notice here in the back there are two screws instead of one. You might think that's odd for an O-ring figure but this is not an O-ring figure. There is actually no articulation at all at the torso. That is glued together. I wanted to show you the articulation on this figure and that's when I ran into something really funny. These arms have no elbow joints, no swivel at the biceps. They are permanently molded into this pose. You can swing them at the shoulder but that's all the movement you can get out of these arms. Also along those lines, no knee articulation. Those are straight legs. You can get some movement at the hip but it's not easy. It feels like the figure will break. Also no holes for foot pegs. Alright, let's put accessories on this figure. The backpack, you have a choice. You can put the backpack in the top screw hole like that or you can put it in the bottom screw hole and of course that looks ridiculous but the rest of the figure looks ridiculous too, so why not? I'm just going to leave it there. I like it there. Alright, let's see if she can hold her submachine gun and yeah, actually she can. Of course because she has no elbow articulation she has to hold it at kind of a weird angle but it does stay in the hand. Now the walkie-talkie, will the walkie-talkie fit in the other hand, let's see. It would be tragic if I were to break the thumb off of this figure just after I pull it out of the package. It does fit. It fits. The plastic is a little bit soft. It allows the thumb to flex a little bit and it will hold the walkie-talkie. This figure will not stand up on its own and you can't put it on a figure stand because it has no holes in the feet so I'm just going to lean her up against a fun school grunt here so I can say thanks everyone for watching this video. I want to let everybody know there will be a new review this coming weekend but there will not be a new review the following weekend because I will be at JoCon in Florida. So if you can make it out to JoCon, I'd love to see everybody there. There is some great things planned for this channel. You do not want to miss it. Thank you all for sticking with me and I'll see you next time for another vintage GI Joe toy review.


same and then it's nice and neat up here so it's really helpful plus and then dot dot dot and then we're going to go plus x sub n boom and so there we have it and that whole thing over an n and so there we have it so now you've got x1 x2 x3 to xn over n is x bar so then we just insert and it does it for you and then of course you can you can copy and paste this we can do our adding making it larger and oftentimes it's useful to put a color around it so you can just put a color in it just like anything else this one's one note has a little bit different kind of kind of color scheme than some usually you could just color the box but you know I can make it red you could and you could copy it to you can copy it and paste it as a picture which sometimes is useful because that kind of makes it hard-coded you know let's do the other one just to do this one to practice this one if I and then I'll show you how to make these letters so if I go to the insert again and I'm saying let's do another equation and then I'll do I'll do an ink equation of that one ink it out and so we're gonna say this is gonna be x didn't do an x I'll make it really large because this is gonna I don't want it to think that this is on the top of the bottom of the other equation so I'm gonna make that big because then I've got this whole thing on this side equals and then this sign so I'll put that right here boom and then I'm gonna put the end on top it'll kind of mush it to the side over here good but I'm gonna start on top I'm gonna say the end is on top now sometimes it doesn't pick that up until I do the rest of it and then the I equals one on the bottom and then I'm gonna put then x sub I over here and so now I picked up that in on top put the x sub I so it looks good now I'm gonna put the whole thing over n and so there we have it and so I think that's what we wanted it to do so I think that looks good I'm gonna say insert and boom there it is again it put it inside of this one which is not what I wanted it to do but we'll keep it there for now that's the idea I shouldn't have put it inside here I'm frustrated with myself what was I thinking what was I thinking it still works okay so then when you add these things this one's a little bit tricky because you have to put like an x and then and then add the bar so it's like a combo thing so you've got to go to the insert item up top and then we go to let's see insert we're going to go to then the symbols and here's like the most common symbols but I'm going to go into the symbols here and say I want more symbols and then I usually have no normal text so it doesn't do any wacky thing nothing weird on the text and then I'm going to go over here and say we want to be combining uh the the data marks uh dactric diacritical marks I don't know I can't say that but anyways we want this thing over the top here so that's the one so it's the combining overline and I'm going to say okay boom and so there we have it so now you got the x bar all right so then so that ones could be useful a lot of these are going to be greek letters so so sigma uh I think one way you can do the sigma is you can actually type an s because it's a greek s apparently I'm not a greek specialist here but and then you can put in a symbol up top uh or you can type in up top here symbol to change the font and it makes it a it makes it a sigma so that's one way you can do it so that's probably the easiest way but the thing that probably comes to mind first is to enter the symbol insert symbol more symbols and now you want the the greek stuff over here greek and coptic so we're going to say that this is going to be I already have it down here but let's see if I can find it for us up top doneday uh it's all right I finally found it it's like finding what it's like finding Waldo over here or whatever the guy with the hat and the funny striped so here it is boom so there we have that one and so you can do that a couple different ways and let's make that a little larger and then sometimes you might want to have the squared so I can do the same thing so I'm going to say insert symbol and now it's in my favorites so I can do a sigma insert that and then to make it squared one way you can do that is you can put a two next to it see now it changed hold on a sec uh so then I said what I did right there is I said undo so it tried to predict what I wanted it to do and I didn't want it to do that so I hit undo and so now it's just a sigma and a two I'm going to select that two now right click on it and so it's not in the right click you go up once you can go up to the top uh in the home tab and then I want to make it a superscript so here's the one uh the superscript boom so that puts it up top there now if you're in excel you can right click and format the not the cell but just like that one thing and if you right click on it and format it then you'll find that superscript as like a check box so that's how you can get that one we'll see that symbol in future presentations and then a mu is actually an a greek m apparently so I could choose a greek m and I could choose make this the font a symbol and not that's not right symbol and then it's not doing it symbol there it is and it changes it to a mu so I could do that or of course I can find it in my greek letters up top so I can go up into the insert symbol and more symbols and now I'm in uh the normal text Greek and Coptic and now I'm looking so I already have the mu down here but again let's see if we can find it up top for us another world's Waldo search because I can't I don't know my greek alphabet I apologize but I there it is of course it's right there next to the to the thingy right there all right so let's insert that one I knew that I know what I'm talking about with the greek alphabet let's make it large and so so there we have that now so those are just you know some of the symbols that we'll be using when we'll when we take a look at some of our equations and it's quite nice to be able to type out say an equation in this type of format in excel or something like that and then take that equation and break it out possibly in excel like like either with a function to do it quite easily in excel or you can put it in like a table type of format which is quite nice or again you might you might it might be still valuable to break it out you know algebraically which possibly you could do in excel but that would be easier possibly to do still on a by hand type of process


I just need you to start working, start getting video. Yeah, there's no waiting room. Yeah! Make sure you get from the right. Just get any of us, get any of our attention, only do this, but yeah, push in all the way. You have to have you guys all the way to the end. So, one no more people, right? Take a car. Yeah.


All right let's talk sea breeze and land breeze. Where do they come from? Why do they occur? So let's say we've got a body of water right here and here is our land mass. Let's just say the beach for all intents and purposes. What is a sea breeze? A sea breeze is when the air that's above the water is flowing in across the land. So this is a sea breeze. Air originates from the sea and goes to the land. A land breeze is going to be the exact opposite where the air is flowing from the land and going to the sea. Question is why? Ask yourself when do you recall being in a really big sea breeze? Was the sun shining? Was it maybe a nice hot summer day? If your answer is yes to those questions then you're right. That's typically when a sea breeze occurs. So what's happening? Well what we're going to get is differential heating of the water versus the land. So during the day the sun is shining, it's baking down. If you walk on the sand, if you go to the beach on a day like this, that sand is pretty hot and if you're barefoot you notice right?  So during the course of the day the sand is going to heat up as the sun is baking down. So we're going to say that the ground is heated up. Now if you compare the temperature of the sand to the temperature of the water the water of course is going to be quite cool and chilly. So we're going to say cool even cold certainly depends upon where you live but if you're in southern California you go out on the beach then you go in the water you're getting that nice Alaska cold water coming down with the California current. It can be pretty chilly. So we've got a differential heating pattern. The sand is going to get really hot the water is not and it's going to maintain a relatively similar temperature almost throughout the year. It's going to be relatively cool to cold. Why? That's a big question. Why isn't that we get this differential heating? Well there's something called specific heat. Specific heat is the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree centigrade. So if I want to the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree centigrade I need for that substance to absorb heat energy in order to raise the temperature and the same is true in reverse. If I want to lower the temperature of a substance then I need to remove heat from that substance. So again specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise or lower the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree centigrade. Well as it turns out water H2O has one of the higher specific heats of known substances where land in this case we're talking about sand, granitic materials, sediments that has a relatively low heat. So if I have a high specific heat that means I need lots of heat to change the temperature of the substance. If I have low specific heat that means I need little heat to change the temperature of a substance. So now we go outside it's a nice bright sunny day the sun is beating down on the landscape. If you have beach or land land has that low specific heat which means it takes only a little bit of heat to raise the temperature of that substance. So if I have a lot of heat coming down and I have a low specific heat threshold that means that the temperature of that substance is going to change rather dramatically. So land has a low specific heat which means it's going to get really really hot during the course of the day and also keep in mind that the mixing depth of heat energy is land is relatively shallow. That means in the top handful of inches that's where you're going to maintain most of that heat. Now if you look at water on the other hand water has a high specific heat which means it's going to take a whole lot more heat in order to change the temperature of that substance. So even during the course of a nice bright hot sunny day and the water is absorbing a lot of heat it's still not enough to dramatically change the temperature of that substance. In addition to that when you take a look at water water has a very deep mixing depth. So when the heat is absorbed in the water it's going to mix in a very long water column and therefore the heat is going to be distributed in a greater depth than it would on land. Okay so what does all of this mean? Well that means during the course of a nice bright sunny day the land is going to get heated and if the land gets heated then what's going to happen is you're going to generate a low pressure system because the air above the land which is in contact with the land is also going to get heated and when that heated air expands because that's what heated air does it expands it becomes less dense than the surrounding air and this air is going to lift up or rise into the sky. So again we are fabricating a low pressure system. On the other hand water is going to maintain a relatively cool temperature and air that's in contact with the cool water is going to maintain a cool temperature. So here we're going to generate a higher pressure system and again in this high pressure system is generated because the air is colder and cold air is denser air and denser air is heavier air so it is going to tend to sink. So we have a nice high pressure system generated. This high pressure system by the way is emphasized even further because when this low pressure air lifts up into the sky that's above the land that air has got to be replaced right. You don't just have air that goes up and then you've got this empty void. So what happens is air from the sea flows in to replenish the low pressure air that is lifted up. So we've got two things going on. We've got the replenishment of air but then we also have the high pressure system generated because of the temperature differential. So you'll notice now we've got air flowing from high pressure to low pressure. It's originating over the sea. It's going to land. We've got our sea breeze and by the way the air up here from the land goes back toward the ocean to replenish this air and so we now have this great convection of air that's occurring and once again this is our sea breeze. So now the flip side of the sea breeze is the land breeze. So when we take a look at the land breeze instead of having the sun up that's put the moon so now you're back at the beach. You're going to have your bonfire. How about that? That's always fun to have a bonfire at the beach. Now we take a look at specific heat again. We don't have any heat coming from the sun right? So now what's going to happen is both the land and the sea are going to lose heat. The heat's not being replenished by the absorption of solar energy so now we are losing heat. Land remember has a low specific heat. It loses some air and the temperature drops a lot. Water on the other hand loses some heat and it drops temperature a little so the high specific heat of water moderates its temperature. Again if you have a high specific heat it takes a lot of heat lost to lower the temperature just like it takes a lot of heat gain to increase the temperature and land with its low specific heat means if you lose just a little bit of heat you're going to lower the temperature quite dramatically. If you absorb a little bit of heat you're going to increase the temperature potentially dramatically that's low specific heat versus high specific heat. So now what's going to happen is the land during the night is going to get pretty cold and air that's in contact with the land is also going to get rather cold. So here the air is going to once again become dense it's going to become heavy and sink. We've just created a high pressure system. Water on the other hand is going to be relatively warm compared to the cold land because remember the the temperature of the water has not changed dramatically from day to night. It stayed relatively the same whereas the land is the one that went from hot to really cold. So now if water is relatively warm then the air above the water is going to be relatively warm it will expand it will lift up into the sky and it will create a low pressure system. So now take a look air is going to flow from high to low there it is and here is our land breeze. So if you go outside at night and you're at the beach and you're at a bonfire don't sit here because you're going to get smoked. The best place is on this side of the fire and is better anyway because you can look at the ocean waves at night it's really cool. Now in this little discussion I talked about density of air is being density of air being different. So let's say we've got our parcel of air and we have our molecules in our parcel of air. If I cool this air then the air is going to contract it's going to become more dense. So now this would be the air notice I've got one two three four five six seven eight nine molecules of air in my picture one two three four five six seven eight nine. You'll notice that in this cold air it's a lot denser than this original air. What if I heated the air if I heated the air then the air is going to expand and now you'll notice that my molecules are further apart this warm air is less dense than the surrounding air. So again less dense air will lift higher density air will sink and that's why we see this high low pressure differential when we differentially heat the land versus the water. All right so that's our land breeze and that's our sea breeze. You find land breeze and sea breezes over different coastal regions around the world. Next time you're out at the ocean check out the direction with which the air flows see if it matches up to what the physics and the chemistry suggests it should be. All right thank you and I'll see you in the next video.