We're going to kick it off. We've had some amazing speakers today. We've got a visitor from the north. So I'm excited to welcome the Honorable Brad Dugud, the Ontario Minister of Economic Development, Employment, and Infrastructure. As minister, his focus is on creating jobs, promoting Ontario as a smart place to invest, building a culture of entrepreneurship, and growing a strong, innovative economy that's inclusive to people of all abilities. Prior to this post, he served in a number of cabinet roles, including Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities, Minister of Economic Development and Innovation, Minister of Energy and Infrastructure, Minister of Aboriginal Affairs, and Minister of Labor. He's pretty much done all of those. He also served municipally as a city councillor in Scarborough and Toronto for nine years. Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming the Honorable Brad Dugud. Thank you, Lindsay. You're welcome. Thank you. That introduction may be longer than my comments, but Lindsay, thank you so much, and Lindsay's left the stage here, but I've had an opportunity to meet her in the past. I would have dynamo in this sector. Give her a big round of applause. She's really done a fantastic job, one of those great people to get to know. And for me, it's always a pleasure to go anywhere as a politician where I don't have to wear my ties. So I'm actually enjoying the fact that there's no tie-on today. Unfortunately, I'm having a bad day. My Toronto Blue Jays apparently lost to the Texas Rangers this afternoon, so that might be a good thing for anybody here from Texas, but if you're from Canada, it's not the best news. We'll win tomorrow, though. Delighted to be here today. This is an area of absolute priority for us in Ontario. I'm the Minister of Economic Development, Employment and Infrastructure. I look at this as an opportunity to really maximize growth in our economy. I think it's great that a lot of the social enterprise that we have going on in Ontario now is contributing to building stronger communities, but as Economic Development Minister, I'm looking at the number of jobs that are being created in this sector, and it's huge. We've got 10,000 social entrepreneurs now operating in Ontario. That's about 160,000 jobs that have been created just through this sector alone. It's fantastic for our economy. It's a great place for us to be, and when I come to the Silicon Valley, Ontario is second in North America for information communication technology firms, but when we come to the Silicon Valley, I mean, the Silicon Valley, as we all know, is first in almost all of those categories. But it's nice to come somewhere where I can actually say that Ontario has a bit of a role of leadership in this space, so it's something we're very, very proud of.


Hi, everyone, and thank you for joining the first of two connected sessions, which ask what more can business do to tackle inequality? My name is Jill Heind, and I'm the EY Global Corporate Responsibility Leader. Among other things, that means I have the privilege of leading EY Ripples, a global program through which EY aims to positively impact 1 billion lives by 2030. A cornerstone of that ambition is working with impact entrepreneurs and the wider impact entrepreneurship ecosystem to help scale some of the best ideas and boldest actions for tackling inequality. Much has been said and written about why we need to bring about a more inclusive and sustainable economic system, one that's intrinsically fairer, more trustworthy, and more capable of addressing humanity's most profound challenges. By contrast, there's very little out there about how we can make that happen. And as critical actors in forging that system, what businesses should be doing differently. Building on the work with the World Economic Forum International Business Council and support for the Council for Inclusive Capitalism with the Vatican, that's why EY teamed up with Acumen last year to create an inclusive business playbook. We want to equip businesses of all sizes, not just with a practical framework for action, but also the inspiration to act, courtesy of the stories of leading impact entrepreneurs who are already lighting the road ahead. Key insights from at work are what I'd like to introduce to you today. At EY, we're all about asking better questions because the better the question, the better the answer, and the better the world works. And the point of the framework in the playbook is to help answer this one question. How might businesses embed serving the needs of low income and marginalised communities more deeply across all aspects of purpose, strategy, and operations? If tackling deepening inequality is central to inclusive capitalism, then it surely follows that an authentic commitment to inclusive business demands a more systemic focus on meeting the needs of low income and marginalised communities. As the framework in the playbook illustrates, this is not only because of innovating to make access to life-enhancing products and services more equitable and more affordable. It also extends across multiple dimensions of purpose, strategy, and operations from providing opportunities for decent employment to distributing value more equitably throughout the supply chains to broadening participation in governance and ownership. So looking across this canvas, the playbook offers actionable ideas and prompts for guiding businesses' thinking and decision-making, no matter their starting point. So for businesses just beginning to think about a more systemic approach to inclusion, there are ideas of where to start. For those that have already made significant progress, there are prompts for how to further accelerate this transition. So for example, in relation to supply chains, how might companies use procurement to promote dignity and fairness through commitments to uphold human rights and promote supply diversity? And how might they go even further to incentivise shared prosperity? For example, by doing business with companies that pay a living wage, further inspiration to take those steps is provided in a form of eight case studies, so drawn from past EY, entrepreneur of the year winners and acumen investees. These not only serve to illustrate the principles of the framework in action, but also provide deeply personal accounts where leaders have been challenged to face and innovate new business models and how they've overcome them. One of those case studies featured is the story of Tony Chocolonely and his chief chocolate officer, Henk Jan Beltman. And I'm thrilled that he's agreed to share some of that story with us firsthand. So over to you, Henk Jan. Hello, my name is Henk Jan Beltman. I'm the chief chocolate officer of Tony's Chocolonely and realise if you're the boss of a chocolate company, then everybody in the bar and in the kindergarten want to talk to you, right? That's me, the boss of a chocolate company. But we're just not a normal chocolate company. We're an impact company that makes chocolate for a reason and I'll tell you why. If you realise that most cocoa come from Western Africa and that millions of farmers produce cocoa beans, they're being sold to around 10 companies around the world. And those 10 companies produce billions and billions of bars. Hopefully, you buy one of those bars each and every day. So it's actually in our glass, right? The beginning of the value chain, millions of farmers and then 10 cocoa producing companies and then billions of consumers who consume those bars each and every day. If you realise that today there's poverty at the beginning of the value chain of cocoa that has to change, then the best way to change it is with those 10 big chocolate companies. Companies like Bikalabout, Cargill, Mai, but also like Mondalees, Hershey, Nestlé and of course Tony's Chocolon. Because if you realise that consumers pay around 3 euros for a bar in a supermarket, while for the cocoa content of that bar, farmers only get 16 euro cents. That is poverty. And is that mean? Is that unequally divided? Yes, it's definitely unequally divided, but it's not mean. Because the value chain that we organise today think in percentages. So first there's the farmer, they sell it to a licensed buying company, they sell it to an exporting company, they sell it to a producing company and they sell it to a modelling company and they sell it to a retailer and the retailer sells it to a consumer. And each and every step in the value chain takes a certain percentage on top of the initial beans. And if you realise that that percentage, if it stays the same, becomes more and more and more each step forward on the value chain. So if we pay the farmer, let's say, one cents more for the cocoa beans, then the bar ends up in store for maybe 20 or 25 cents more. So what happens is in this commercial value chain, everybody starts negotiating. Negotiating buying prices down and selling prices up. And the only one who cannot negotiate on buying prices is the farmer. Because the conversation between a farmer and three is a short conversation. So poverty starts at the beginning of most value chains and real wealth is being made at the end of a value chain. Therefore, we have to take the responsibility as the end of the value chain over the whole value chain and not only the last bit. To eradicate all illegal labour from the value chain, it is our responsibility, right? We have to make sure that the source that produces great bars, the cocoa beans and the cocoa farmer, don't work with illegal labour that are no kids working in the field to produce cocoa beans. And illegal labour is all worst forms of child labour, including child work. And that is something that needs to be eradicated. And everybody understands that. But if you want to change that value chain, you don't have to talk to the brain, you have to talk to the heart. Therefore, we got a little clip. I'm Cam Samin Felis. I'm 16 years old. I worked in a cocoa plantation in 1989 in 2003. My name is Cam Cui Herman. I'm 18 years old. I worked in the cocoa plantation in 2009 in 2003. My name is Cam Thurie. I'm 18 years old. I worked in the cocoa plantation in 1999. I wasn't paid. I was forced to work. I was forced to work. I didn't have the freedom to leave the country. I didn't pay. I was forced to work.   You have to kill yourself very well and then you have to change. It's unbelievable, right?  Those kids didn't have the same chance like you and me. And if you realise that those kids are not educated and they don't want to work in the field that they have to work in, and that you can buy a child from anywhere between 200 and 300 U.S. dollars, you can buy a child in West Africa to work in the field as a slave. That doesn't make any sense and has nothing to do with eating a bar of chocolate. So back in the days, in the year 2001, Senator Harkin and Senator Engel came together in the U.S. State Senate and they actually said it's the responsibility of all big chocolate companies to eradicate illegal labour from the failure chain of cocoa. They signed everybody, all the big companies, all the CEO of the big companies on personal notice and what happened is that the Harkin Engel Protocol should take care of that issue. In the year 2004, a journalist from Holland came and said, how far are we? Three years down the line on the Harkin Engel Protocol, all illegal labour should be eradicated within ten years. How far are we? And he found out that none of the big chocolate companies wanted to talk to him. So then he thought, well, if I am a journalist and I want to eradicate illegal labour from the failure chain of cocoa, then I have to set an example. And an example is if you want to buy a bike out of the hands of a junkie in Amsterdam, it's probably stolen, right? And we call it fencing. It's a criminal activity and fencing a bike is an illegal act. If you start buying a chocolate bar, go to a supermarket and buy a conventional chocolate bar, you are aware of the fact that there is illegal labour inside, three percent of the beans actually come from illegal labour. So you are fencing a chocolate bar. Turn, rang 9-1-1, pick me up. I committed a criminal act, somebody has to take care of that. And he said, we as chocolatiers and we as journalists, we have to change and make the world a nicer place. That's how Tony Chocolonely got started. Ah, the other way around. That's how Tony Chocolonely got started. Turn is to Dutch a name that became Tony's. The lonely battle of turn to change chocolate from the inside out, Chocolonely. And then, all of a sudden, you're this tiny mosquito wanting to change the world. And if you think you're too small to have an impact, try going to bed with a mosquito in the room. That's what Anita Roddick told us. And that's what we do. We want to change the big chocolatiers. We're crazy about chocolate and serious when it comes down to people. Five kind of people. Firstly, our own team, the farmers, consumers, customers and suppliers. And together with governments, we can change chocolate forever. It's naive and arrogance, but I fundamentally believe that we can change chocolate. And we should. Most bars are equally divided. Doesn't make any sense. And if the marketer is really creative, he puts his own name on every piece of the chocolate bar. Our bar is unequally divided. And in the bar, there's West Africa. Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo Benin, Nigeria and Cameroon. Five pieces. But Togo Benin are two countries. Yeah, otherwise you didn't fit a hazelnut, so we merged your two countries together. We do have a roadmap towards 100% slave-free chocolate. And that roadmap is real easy. At first, we have to create awareness for the issue because if people don't know, they don't want to change and they cannot change. Secondly, we want to set in a scalable example, and that's what Tony's does. It has to be successful. It has to work at scale. So that other chocolatiers can take their responsibility seriously, so together we can eradicate all illegal labor from the value chain of cocoa. And that is naive, it's arrogant, but I fundamentally believe we will make it happen within 10 years from today. And every company should have a purpose, right? You should have a purpose to make the world a nicer place. And don't call us a social enterprise. We're an enterprise. And companies that don't make the world a nicer place are just anti-social enterprises. Don't push us in the niche. They are in the niche. Let's make the world a nicer place together. So that the 2 million farmers that work in cocoa today and the 19 million children that are 19,000 children that are doing illegal work will be eradicated from the value chain of cocoa and find prosperity in the future. Thank you very much. Huge thanks to Henk Janne for sharing some of Tony's chocolate-chocolonely stories. What's most inspiring, I think, is the way that Tony's purpose of making slave-free chocolate the norm not only encompasses in his own practices, but those of an entire industry. It's working to transform the system from within, not shying away from challenges in West Africa, but tackling them head-on to show that change is possible even in the hardest places. To find out more about Tony's story and those of seven other inspiring enterprises, I'd strongly encourage you to download the playbook and read it in full. The world urgently needs business model innovation that prioritizes social justice, economic inclusion, and environmental regeneration. This is where impact enterprises already live, and it's why a key focus of EY Ripples is extending the value of EY knowledge and networks to help them achieve true scale and significance. For a good example of how, do join us for the Impact Hive live session a little later today, where we'll be crowdsourcing ideas to help a surcap scholar overcome critical barriers to scale. And do please stick around for the kitchen table conversation that follows this, along with friends from Acumen, SAP, Council for Inclusive Capitalism with the Vatican, and Ansar Management Company, another impact enterprise also featured in the playbook. So together we'll be continuing the conversation about what more business can do to tackle inequality, to embrace ESG as innovation, as an innovation opportunity of our lifetime and to transform organizations of all sizes into sustainable resilient businesses that really create long-term value for all stakeholders. So thanks so much for listening, and I really do hope that our paths cross again.


Putolifu is Iran is developing, but they have a strong secular and anti-elite bureaucracy current in the population, so the Iranian regime is stronger but less stable, maybe two, no. Iranian regime is more stable now than it was in the past, okay? Because even the secular, the ones that oppose Iran, they don't have a foot to stand on if Iran is attacked, okay? If Iran is attacked, Iranians will come together and defend Iran. There are very few countries in the world that are as patriotic as Iranians are to Iran, and they will not defend it because the Mullahs, right? There are many people that oppose the Mullahs, rightfully so, but they were defended because Iran's being attacked and they saw what happened to Iraq.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming out to a 2021 Panini flawless baseball one box briefcase Random team at number three Half case from a fresh case basically big. Thanks to this group for making it happen Thanks to the people bought spot straight up. Thanks to the people took a risk on the fillers. That's what they got in and Thanks to the teams. Let's roll it and randomize names and teams four and a two six times one two three four Five and six. Ah, so Gonzaga's in Spokane four or five hours away Dusty Dennis D. Birch four and a two six times for the teams and Sixth and final time There you go four or two six times six times right there We got Toronto down to Nash we trading or no Well, let me finish the randomizer first Steve. Then we'll like then we'll open it up They're almost there. Let me All right Dusty with the Toronto Blue Jays Nicholas with the Cubs Kyle with the Rays Steve Birch with the Diamondbacks Diego you got the Red Sox Kyle with the Pirates Steve H With the O's Steve B with the Padres Yankees White Sox Marlins Rangers and Angels Kevin with the Phillies Kyle with the Mariners Michael with the Tigers Danny with the Rocky Stephen with the Royals Danny with the Braves Diego with the Met Steve with the Steve H With the Brew Crew Dusty with the Twin Steve B with the Guardian Steve F with the Astro Steve B Giants and Cardinals Dusty with my Dodgers Steve B Reds Bennett with the A's Steve Birch with the Nationals last spot mojo And now feel free to trade trade window open And I'll flip back to the screen in just a second, but let's select the box really quick too So it's a fresh case of flawless baseball We got the other one box break in the store right now if you want to run this back We've got time to run it back tonight too if you want so we'll select a die We're gonna select That Dodger blue die right there one two three for the top box four five six for the bottom box Three top box So that's the box we're going to do right there and then this bottom box We will do for random team number four. All right, so there's our T4 So mark that so we know it's from the same case I'm gonna flip back to the screen right here. We've got Brewers for Tigers up Colorado's up for trade So we're gonna pause the video let let these people negotiate and when we come back We'll see if there's any trades and then the one box breaker flawless ticker. I will be right back All right, welcome back ladies and gentlemen a little bit of trade chatter, but in the end no deals were done Here in random team three, right if we have a third hit that means there's a no I'm gonna say if we had a third hit that means we we got like a cleat or a bat not or something like that We've got a gem on the right side Try not to peek at who it is, but we got an autograph on the left side The gem naturally my not lab grown. That's what the small Print says there in case you're wondering and we'll get to those in case cards in a little bit. Let's deal with this first Good luck, everybody uses blank card right here to slow play some of the hits All right. Good luck and thank you for the fill. Thanks. Thanks. Thanks We got three out of three Raphael Paul Merrow. Is he still playing baseball somewhere that triple relic going to Steve H Try to trade couldn't trade a mojo Stee he in the chat and three out of three see if all aboard the big hit express Another triple relic two out of 20 Eddie Murray For Cleveland that goes to Steve Birch with the Cleveland Guardians Cleveland, this is for you.  He's in Minnesota now, but this will go to Steve Birch Oh and out of five another train whistle all aboard Next up is Evan white 17 out of 25 Nice patch nice autograph for Kyle a barber and the M's Next is drew waters 15 out of 22 color patch an autograph Danny with the ATL three more to go and then the case cards We have Carlton Fisk 10 out of 15 Honored ink autograph 10 out of 15. This is Red Sox edition and this is going to Diego with Boston next up is 11 out of 25 quad relic an autograph Leo de Tavares Nice quad relic rangers Steve Birch and the last one here is a Good-looking card. That's some nice photography right here flawless performances. Rhino Ryan Samberg nine out of ten Nick L Chicago Cubs in case cards. Good luck everybody Let's see what we got. This is the gem It's a black and white photo old-school guy. Maybe wow Lou Gehrig. I've heard of him 16 out of 20 Legends diamond Yankees that's gonna be Steve Birch. There you go the Iron Horse So these who's called Lou Gehrig and the auto anyone tell by that first letter there. Oh I think I know who that is actually. Yeah, it's Fernando Tatis jr. 4 out of 25 the motorcyclist Going to Steve Birch and the San Diego Padres Santiago Ron Burgundy will read anything on that teleprompter and there you go ladies and gentlemen the case is closed on Random team 3 nice start. I wonder what's in the second half. That's in the store right now Jasper's case breaks calm. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next break


Today, welcome to the second lesson of NSSCO physical science in a series of two lessons. The topic of this lesson is identification of cations. The objectives of this lesson are to use qualitative analysis in the identification of cations. Describe the use of the following tests to identify aqueous cations like ammonium, zinc, copper 2, iron 2 and iron 3 using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia as appropriate. Let's switch over to hear what Mary and her mom discussed about this topic. How have you been? We don't have the whole day. Sorry mom. Okay, now the last time we tested for negative ions. Today we are going to test for positive ions. Do they have a special name? Yes, they are called cations. Today we will test for the following cations. Iron 2 ions, iron 3 ions, zinc ions, copper 2 ions and ammonium ions. Now, before we start, please have your record book and pen ready. To test for cations, we use aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia. To test for iron 2 plus ions, we add a couple of drops of sodium hydroxide and shake it. What do you see? A green precipitate. Yes, this is a green precipitate. Don't forget to record that in your notebook. Next, I will add excess sodium hydroxide and see if the precipitate dissolves. No, it doesn't. Okay. The precipitate is insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide. Okay. Now, to test for iron 3 ions, I will add a few drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide and then I will shake it. What do you see? A red-brown precipitate. Yes. Now, I will add excess aqueous sodium hydroxide and see if the precipitate will dissolve. Now, let's see if it dissolves. No, it doesn't dissolve. Okay. Next, we will test for zinc ions. I will add a couple of drops from the aqueous sodium hydroxide and then I will shake it. What do you see? A white precipitate. Okay. Now, I will add excess sodium hydroxide to see whether the precipitate will dissolve. Now, let's see if the precipitate will dissolve. Yes, it does, but it's getting a little bit lighter. Okay. Now, to the test tube with copper 2 ion solution, I will add a few drops of aqueous sodium chloride hydroxide. And then shake it. What do you see? A light blue precipitate. Now, I will add excess sodium hydroxide to see whether the precipitate will dissolve. No, it doesn't. Okay. Now, I will test the other portion of aqueous ion to ions with aqueous ammonium. I will add a few drops of aqueous ammonium and shake it. What do you see? A green precipitate. Good. Now, I will add excess ammonia to see whether the precipitate will dissolve. What do you see? No, it doesn't. Good. Now, I will add a couple of drops to the ion 3 ions with aqueous ammonia. Shake it. What do you see? A red brown precipitate. Okay. Now, what happens? Open. What happens when I add excess ammonia? The precipitate doesn't dissolve. Good. Now, I will add a couple of drops of aqueous ammonia to the zinc ion solution. Shake it. What do you see? A white precipitate is formed again. Now, what happens when I add excess ammonia? The white precipitate dissolves to form a colorless solution. Good. Now, to the copper to ions, I will also add a few drops of aqueous ammonia. Shake it. What do you see? A light blue precipitate. Now, what will happen if I add excess ammonia? The light blue precipitate changes color to deep blue precipitate. You see, what happens is that the light blue precipitate dissolves to form a deep blue solution. Oh, I see. Okay. Now, we will test for ammonium ions. What I'm going to do is that I'm going to heat the test tube of ammonia salt, and it will produce ammonia gas. How can I know that the gas produces ammonia? By holding the litmus paper over the opening of the test tube. Wow, the litmus paper is turning blue. That confirms the presence of ammonium ions. And that is also the end of our test for the identification of ions. Thanks, mom. It was great to observe all the color changes. I will definitely remember them since I saw them better myself. It's a pleasure, my dear. Let's now recap what we've learned today. Cat ions are positively charged ions. Here is a complete summary of all the tests for the different cat ions. Let's go through them again. To test for ion-2 ions, aqueous sodium hydroxide will produce a green precipitate. Excess aqueous sodium hydroxide will produce an insoluble green precipitate. To test for ion-2 ions with aqueous ammonia, a green precipitate will also appear. Excess aqueous ammonia will produce an insoluble green precipitate. To test for ion-3 ions with aqueous sodium hydroxide, a red-brown precipitate will appear. Excess aqueous sodium hydroxide will produce an insoluble red-brown precipitate. To test for ion-3 ions with aqueous ammonia, a red-brown precipitate will appear. Excess aqueous ammonia will produce an insoluble red-brown precipitate. To test for zinc ions with aqueous sodium hydroxide, a white precipitate appears. With excess aqueous sodium hydroxide, it will produce a soluble white precipitate giving a colorless solution. To test for zinc ions with aqueous ammonia, a white precipitate appears. With excess aqueous ammonia, a soluble white precipitate forms giving a colorless solution. To test for copper-2 ions with aqueous sodium hydroxide, a light blue precipitate appears. With excess aqueous sodium hydroxide, an insoluble light blue precipitate appears. To test for copper-2 ions with aqueous ammonia, a light blue precipitate appears. With excess aqueous ammonia, a light blue precipitate appears giving a dark blue solution. To test for ammonium ions, heat the solution, red litmus paper will turn blue to confirm the production of ammonia gas. This brings us to the end of today's lesson. Goodbye.


Welcome to our video on vocabulary in your EMI course focusing on the types of words that your students will encounter in your class. There are three main types. First, technical to the course content, second, academic, and third, general. So first, technical to the course content. This means words that have specific meanings in your course area. Examples include automatize for linguistics, gross domestic product for economics, or casting for mechanical engineering. These are the most commonly explained or defined words during a lecture. Second, academic words are ones that are common for higher education but not specific to your content area. Examples include estimate, interpret, or principle. And general vocabulary words are ones that are common across all types of communication. Examples include buy, cause, or whether. These categories are not strict, meaning a word might seem like it could be in two categories. This is not a problem though, since it isn't important which word is exactly in what category. Rather, it is useful to realize that students might struggle with any one of these areas with English words and you as an EMI instructor should be prepared to support students as they learn content in English and encounter words that might be very technical to your field, more generally academic in nature, or general words known by English speakers in general. Another useful consideration is that some words are more concrete while other words are more abstract. Nouns can be concrete even for technical terms, such as the names of bones in the body or chemical compounds, or nouns can be abstract, such as those that come from theoretical ideas or from concepts. Consider the word stress, for example, or pessimism. These words are more abstract. When you're teaching in an EMI course, remember that students will often have a harder time with abstract words in English, meaning you'll need to stop and explain those more, or avoid them if possible, and use more concrete terms or explanations. And finally about word meanings, keep in mind that many words have a general English meaning and a specific meaning in your field. For example, the word significant to most people means something that is important, but in statistics, significant has a specific meaning related to the probability of a result. In your field, maybe you can think of words that students might know for their general meaning, but you need to help them with for the specific meaning. So we'll conclude this video with a quote. It's from a participant in a research study about teaching EMI courses. She's from Japan and says, in order to have students understand the course content, I think it or vocabulary is very important. Yes, vocabulary is important. If your students don't understand the words in your class, they will not be able to learn your content. Thanks for watching.


Hi everyone! I'm Annie and I'm here with Michael. We work on the team here at Google that develops the Web Vitals metrics. Today, we want to share our latest thinking on the future of Web Vitals, specifically the Core Web Vitals. As a reminder, the Core Web Vitals are the subset of Web Vitals metrics that apply to all web pages and that we believe are the most important metrics for sites to measure. In addition, Core Web Vitals are unique in that they were all designed with a couple of key principles in mind, principles we plan to stick to, even as we evolve the metrics in the future. First and foremost, each Core Web Vital measures a real aspect of user experience, so things that users can see, like how fast a page loads and how quickly it responds to user input. We don't plan to include metrics that are not a direct measure of user experience, like how many bytes of JavaScript were loaded or the timing of the network requests. Second, Core Web Vitals have measurement support across both the field for real users and the lab to get deeper insights. For any updates we make, we'll work hard to make sure that our tools and APIs give developers the insights they need to be able to understand and improve the metrics on their pages. Third, we aim for each Vital to be concise and clear. We want each metric to cover a distinct aspect of the user experience. We don't plan to cover the same experience with multiple metrics. When we announced the Core Web Vitals, we said we would evolve the metrics over time, but we also promised to do so on a predictable annual cycle. As we gathered feedback about the initial Core Web Vitals, one thing became abundantly clear. People really like having a small set of metrics that are clear across all our tooling. We really want to keep the Core Web Vitals concise moving forward. And so with every update, we're also carefully weighing the costs of changing things. So for the first annual update, we're mostly thinking in terms of smaller adjustments to improve the quality of the existing metrics and respond to feedback we've received from the community. It's still several months out, but we wanted to give you an idea of what we're thinking about so we can hear feedback. We've set up an email list, webvitalsfeedback at googlegroups.com. And we'd love if you can send us your thoughts there. Michael has put a lot of thought into where we could improve, and I'm really excited for him to give you an update on where we're at. Take it away, Michael. Thanks, Annie. First, progressive loading. As we mentioned, we've tried hard to keep the Core Web Vitals concise. But we've also gotten a lot of feedback that for years, we've been talking about how there are multiple key moments for the user as a web page loads. Largest contentful paint measures when the main content is finally visible. But getting content on screen quickly is critical too. First contentful paint measures that part of the experience. Here's an example of a page that's been highly optimized to have a quick, progressive load. I know it's subtle, but the way the text and layout come in quickly, even while the main image is still loading, really makes it feel fast for the user and really makes the content usable quickly. We'd like the Core Web Vitals to be more inclusive of this initial part of the experience, as well as when the main content loads. So we're considering adding first contentful paint as a Core Web Vital. Second, interactivity during load. To recap, first input delay measures the time from when a user clicks, taps, or presses a key until the browser starts to process that input. It's designed to capture delays that result from the main thread being busy, especially during page load. Here's a quick animation that demonstrates how an input can be delayed due to the main thread being busy during load. In this example, the visual update came quickly as soon as the main thread was unblocked. But since first input delay doesn't include the time to handle the event and update the screen, and since delay is sensitive to the timing of user input, we found that some pages can have input which feels sluggish even when they meet the threshold for a good user experience on this metric. Currently, first input delay has a threshold of 100 milliseconds at the 75th percentile. But our initial research shows that tightening this threshold to 75 or even 50 milliseconds could measure the user experience more accurately. Third, visual stability. We measure unexpected movement of page content and sum up all movements into a single score, cumulative layout shift. An individual layout shift occurs any time an element which was already visible changes its position on the page and is scored based on the size of the content and distance it moved. 2020 saw several improvements to individual shift reporting such as fixes for hidden content shifting and video controls. You can always follow along with updates to CLS and all other metrics in Chrome over at bit.ly slash chrome speed metrics changelog. We think it's important that cumulative layout shift captures layout shifts even after load. Some of the worst experiences are due to shifts later in the page lifetime such as this example here. However, we also acknowledge that CLS is not always perfect for especially long-lived pages or single page applications. Moving forward, we're looking at options that are better suited to normalizing the individual shift data for such cases. Okay, but what about bigger changes? Beyond the next update, we're thinking a lot about the user experience after the page is loaded. First, we're looking into ways to have better support for single page applications. Take a look at this example. As the user clicks through the site, it feels as if they're loading new pages, but the site is a single page app and each transition isn't counted with its own largest contentful paint or first input delay. This is a tough problem because each page can have its own method for these transitions and sometimes it's not even clear whether a transition is occurring. We're looking at how we can create metrics that work better for single page apps. Second, we also want to better capture how well a page responds to user input. Our current interactivity metric is first input delay, but it only counts the first click, tap, or key press and it only measures the time until the browser starts processing. We really want to include all the inputs on the page, not just the first, and we'd also like to include the full time until the screen updates in response to an input, not just the delay until it's begun processing. Third, we're digging deep into scrolling and animations. The best experiences on the web have very smooth scrolling and animations, but a lot of other pages feel janky. Here's an example with the same text scrolling smoothly on the left and on the right was some hiccups. When you're trying to scroll through an article to read or keep your place on a product page, these janks are really frustrating and they can add up to a poor user experience. We'd like the Core Web Vitals to reflect this. Finally, we'd love to expand the Core Web Vitals more into other areas of user experience like security and privacy or accessibility. We would love to hear your thoughts on the most important aspects of user experience that you'd like to see covered. We're giving this talk early, long before the first annual update, let alone the next, because we really want to hear your feedback. So please let us know what you think. Please email webvitalsfeedback at googlegroups.com to let us know your thoughts. Thanks so much for listening. I'm looking forward to hearing from you.


Welcome back. It's still the breakfast and plus TV Africa and we're set for a first major Conversation the independent National Electric Commission Niger's electoral empire has expressed a divergent view with Nigeria's president Muhammadu Buhari on the impact of attacks on the electoral body's offices and facilities in different parts of the country and Its effect on the Commission as far as the elections coming up in the country Concerned now while the president said the electoral body had no excuse not to conduct a credible free-and-fair Election despite the attacks as the funds it requested had been made available to it Inaq noted that its funds were overstretched by the attacks as it would have to rebuild and Replace the destroyed facilities. Now Buhari on Friday assured the United States of America Has been there for the U.S. Africa summit that the attacks on the offices would not stop the conduct of next year's general Elections the president spoke in Washington DC during a conversation Co-hosted by the United States Institute for Peace at the International Republican Institute the National Endowment for Democracy and The International Foundation for electoral systems. However, Inaq on its part has called on the federal government to intensify efforts at Protecting its facilities and property nationwide to ensure hitch-free polls commission had also lamented That from 2019 till date It had recorded a total of 50 attacks in 15 states of the Federation Describing the attacks as worrisome and unfortunately the Commission said it will go the whole hog However to deliver credible polls next year now the president on one hand is saying Inaq is ready for the elections Governors done everything it needs to do but Inaq is saying see we still have some challenges now Well, the attacks on our facilities, you know I'm part of forthcoming elections of the government need to do more commit more funds to the Commission ahead of the elections and not joining us this morning to do justice to this topic We have a guest already standing by Larry Barry or Larry Barry Sampson Hindu is director security at Inaq headquarters in Abu Jha he will look at the security aspect of this and others as we go on miss Hindu. Thank you very much for your time Thank you for having me Right. We met also our professor. He's a saga a faggot and once he joins us it will put him on on line But a miss Hindu, let's start with this and what are your thoughts as Inaq now on these increasing attacks Who are these attackers and what are their aim? The last we had was an email state where the state Offices of Inaq were set was set on fire. So who are these attackers and what are they after? Thank you very much and good morning These attackers are not from Cameroon Neither are they from Guinea-Bissau They are Nigerians They live with us They live in our community Nigerians know them and until Nigerians take security as everybody's business Today is Inaq who knows whose agency it will be tomorrow. And so Nigerians should give credible information to the security agencies So that at least things can be nipped in the boat and like Inaq said We have gotten 50 attacks since then 1920 date the last one in Imaq Thank God some people were caught and we believe that the security agencies are going to use Every power and their disposal and every information they have to try these people down There are people that are sponsoring them These things are not just because of election. I think there is more to it Nigerians should rise up. They should rise up and not just condemning it But ensuring that it is stopped. The reason is that Forms which will have been used for other critical social infrastructures Will not be channelled back because take it or leave it election must go Inaq is prepared and has done everything it can to ensure That deliverables are delivered sensitive or not sensitive materials are delivered Inaq is ready. They are prepared and they are waiting for the whistle to be blown to take off the test and the Time table at the house and as I speak Inaq is in the process of implementing all the decisions and all the processes that they have taken And so we need Nigerians to support us Okay, but let's also look at the back-and-forth with Inaq and also the presidency or the president Well, the president is saying that yes, despite the attacks on you know, Inaq offices across the country That should not deter the Commission the Empire from conducting a free credible elections in 2023 But on the other hand, Inaq is saying that the funds have been overstretched because of this attacks And so there's need for them to rebuild and replace all of this Facilities or I mean all that has been destroyed What do you make of the back-and-forth? Can you hear us, please? All right. I think the best thing to do in this circumstance is to look at what the Inaq chairman said difficult It will be difficult for the Commission To replace all the things that have been destroyed. That's what the chairman said We are ready. We are prepared. If the attacks are stopped today Inaq is good to go But what the chairman said is the attacks Should be stopped because these things most of the things we need in the sensitive materials are destroyed It's going to give us stress to get it back. And not things you can just go to open market and procure There is a procurement process and if these things are destroyed if it is it will disrupt the timeline That we have given ourselves to conduct elections Inaq is not saying the funds are not released. But what the chairman is saying is if the attacks continue The funds will not be released We will be overstretched Because we have to get new buildings. We have to build it and in case where we cannot do it because the exigence The time to hire new buildings and this takes For all. All right We seem to be having a network challenge with you Mr. Endu if you can hear me, please But why are we why are we trying to get him back? We would at this point say welcome and good morning to Professor Sunny Fagi, Professor Camilo Sunny Fagi is a renowned political scientist and Professor with Bayero University canon Professor good morning to you. Thank you very much for your time. Yeah, Professor Fagi. Please. Can you hear me? Loud and clear. Thank you very much for your time Professor Fagi We have a situation where the independent national electric commission is hinting That they may be cash strapped if the Incessant attacks on these facilities around the country continue President says that the government has done the needful to ensure that they are ready And he believes the president believes that Inaq is ready for the election in his presentation to the international community Should we be reading much into this as a clash of views between Inaq and the president because I mean the president has Been away while some of these attacks have been going on or should we you know calm down a bit on the narrative of a clash of views between the president and and Inaq. I Think it's both. On one hand, we should read meaning in each and on the other hand We should calm down So I would rather we pass up or calm down and be optimistic that the elections will hold Be it as it may Because if we are to start Giving in now, I think that will be a burden for one thing It will encourage the perpetrators of this act to continue secondly It will dampen the spirits of many Nigerians and that There is insecurity there for most of them will not be willing to Participate so I think that is the reason why we should calm down. On the other hand, we have to read meanings to eat Not that to me there are two contradictory statements but there are issues that The both sides have in terms of the finances it is actually true that What the president said that Inaq Receive all that it asked for I think that is Something positive, but on the other hand these challenges are unforeseen They are something that have not been planned for even if in the any budgets there are contingencies I think the contingencies might not be able to take care of This mountain challenges that is gradually creeping home so I think the next thing is we take what Inaq said seriously and Then enhance the security of Inaq offices and facilities and the security of the country as a whole so I think we can marry the And still go ahead and get Elections done so but in a case where I Mean the funds are not enough. I mean, we know that there's been a budget It's been released. Inaq is saying hey, we have the funds and what have you bought, you know with the Recent incident that we're having the attacks on the facilities and the officers across It would definitely mean that there's need for us to have, you know replacement and The next question would be in case, you know, we're not able to meet all of that need. What's the implication? What does that mean and do we also have enough time does Inaq have enough time? You know to replace all that has been taken. What's the implication for the elections in 2023? What it is like the implications that one It is going to disenfranchise a fighter number of people in the affected areas Secondly, I think it will have psychological effects on Voters and Inaq and the country at large So I don't think these things pull my the whole election unless it goes out of fun the areas that affected Legally, I think even though they are disenfranchised and so on I don't think the number will be Enough in such a way that it will fall for the postponement of the elections Because that will be the most dangerous thing for us to do if we say we are going to postpone the Elections even if the challenges are that because you know by our constitution By 29th of May there has to be a new government and The Electoral Act actually states how long it will take about 150 days before the new government you must have election. So I think Probably we are not talking if this thing continue maybe the election will have to Must continue and then the affected areas Then they find within the laws what Is to be done if for example the affected areas vote is such that it will Make a difference in terms of the winner and loser many it is a significant percentage Then perhaps they will organize Something in the area within the unbeat of the law, but what I'm saying basically These are serious implications and the only way out of it is to base it squarely like if it were offices, I should You know expedite action get You know temporary places like rent Places for each to have its own offices and then other materials. I think where you have Like the machineries and things that are affected If they can be replaced quickly before the time or if they cannot then in nearby areas where you have Let's say extra you can mobilize The gadgets they are even though it will raise some questions But I think that I get a feeling that I think might have a certain contingency plan to proceed that Similar situation so they are in a better position to see how they will Modulize the sources and personnel in such a way that the elections have not been crippled in the Areas All right, I'll come back to you. I'm a celebrity and do As prophesied and it may have you know contingency plans is also talked about the effect and impact on of these attacks On on the forthcoming elections and even on any cash crunch on the forthcoming elections. I'm Mr. Do you can hear me? Can you hear me? Mr. Endu? Yeah, yeah in terms of equipment and facilities What exactly is the effect of the impact are we seeing these attacks, you know, you know damage, you know Uncollected permanent voter cards to any doesn't have in machines like be vast machines And others that have been destroyed. Maybe You have bottled papers and all that what exactly has been affected by the over 50 attacks like Anika said in recent time Thank you very much as I speak with you this morning If the lecture is to go on To a person my annex ready with the sensitive materials None of the sensitive materials have been destroyed What has been touched? especially in a group and part of the state At the permanent voters card and like the chairman said Once we get these vain numbers of this permanent voters card. They will be printed in 340s nobody which is franchise by the fact that these voters cast Have been destroyed or stolen What the chairman and the commission is saying is If the attacks are not stopped and they continue it will hamper all the plans policies processes Commissioners put in place However, like a process I make has his own Contingency plans and that's why I am confident and I can speak That the election will go on as a German has said earlier on we are ready We are prepared but what the Germans say is that these Attacks needs to be stopped by the security agencies in collaboration with Nigeria's Because if it doesn't stop It might affect The smooth conduct of the elections don't forget That most of the materials that are destroyed we need to be replaced Most of the buildings we need to be replaced or in the alternative We will hire other buildings that may be suitable for the conduct of the elections All right before we go over to Prof. Um, Mr. Labor new For those, you know cars that have been damaged in the aforementioned states Will I like consider an extension of the collection period that's number one number two I'm some are trying to find out because speculation out there that I guess said, you know Even without your card you can vote for whatever you have. I don't know what you can you have but even without your card How true is that? It's not true That's the money they emanate from I like I like will not say that it is those who do not want a credible Election and say that I make as many very clear That's no more incident forms. You either come and if your biometrics do not show up At least your facial will show up the only reason why you cannot vote is if you forgot your face at home Why come into the pulling unit and we know there's no way you can forget your face and come to the pulling unit I make a lot of money very clear that We are not using any other thing other than give us all the information you need is there You will be accredited and you vote and what's important is over Results will be uploaded to the I make I read where you can just click in and see what is being done and see the results It is Oppression You cannot change results on the road the world Polition center that era is gone and There is no question of voting without your permanent voters card. It is a random you have the permanent voters card All you do not vote Nobody can use another person's permanent voters card to vote and I can set it and that it is a criminal offense To be in possession of the card that is not your home. So I make is ready Okay, what about the quickly please extension of time for collection of of permanent voter cards in affected states? Of course Once those cards Printed every Nigeria will be given the right to collect and ensure that they are not disenfranchised That's part of my next week for those areas where these cans and Distributed and reprinted of course, they will be given every opportunity like those whose cards are not destroyed That's a position Well, let's get back to Professor Sunny just as we close this conversation down Professor Sunny are you with us? Yes, all right away from I mean apart from the fact that we have the divergent view between the President or the government on the other hand with INEC in terms of you know funding the elections as As a result of you know the impact of security are there all the issues that you know We should look out for there are all the factors that might Likely, you know hamper or affect the free conduct of the elections in 2020 Yeah, I think the major one is the one we are discussing now That is the wave of You know attack on as any facilities Which I will be a source of concern Because so far I Think from any position, you know within the state of how many years they have been attacked their offices in various places About eight times So I think this should be the major source of concern in terms of improving the security Of the nation in general so that at least There wouldn't be coffee cuts of what is happening now and because I'm sure Many people who Will want to there are many people outside there who will want to copy what is going on So I think that will be a major source of concern and the other thing is As we give attention to all we pay attention to this issue of attack We should also pay attention to the way the politicians are conducting the campaigns because they too Made those threats because the way we see it. So so much, you know, the Violence around in terms of, you know, how the Compensers goes on because so many people in so many places It may not be a national news, but we have people being attacked in the place meaning using thoughts You know and all sort of speeches and that is That that is one of the another thing that we shall be concerned with All right. Thank you very much gentlemen for your time and it's been a thrill having you on the program tonight this morning rather Very interesting analysis from you.  Thank you very much for your time prof Thank you. And Lerabari Samsung do is a director security at the ionic headquarters in Abuja. Mr. Samsung do. Thank you very much for your time Right and we'll take a break When we come we come back we have more discussions ahead on the breakfast, please stay with us


All right, IonMPI, brought to you by Adafruit and Digi-Key every single week, the newest best things on digikey.com. That aren't stock. Yeah, that aren't stock that you can actually get this week. It's Twin Industries, Lady. What is Twin Industries and what is your IonMPI this week? Well, they have a cool name. As I like to say at the beginning of the IonMPI, sometimes we have repeat vendors, but I always like to highlight new ones, ones that we haven't been able to get to and so I checked out digikey.com slash new, which is where I get all my NPI ideas from. And also, of course, all the newest stuff is there. And I saw this new featured product series from Twin Industries. So they make a lot of cool prototyping tools and breadboards and perfboards. And I kind of like this prototyping kit that they came up with. This is kind of a combination prototyping board setup. So there's three boards. First off, they have the coolest name. This is the OB-1. So like, OK, maybe the OB-1, maybe it's here to help you. Good naming. Good naming. And then there's the OB-2 and the OB-3. That's what's going to be, my guess. Good. Yeah, so actually, let's go back to the first one so I can get this one. The OB-1. The OB-1. You're my only hope, OB-1. So this board is kind of cool because Twin Industries makes solderless breadboards and they make perfboards and they make all sorts of like prototyping tools. What I thought was really neat is they're actually like combine them all in one, which I thought was a neat idea because it's true. Sometimes you want prototyping area that's got like the five-hole solderless breadboard style and you want a perfboard area that's kind of freeform. And then you also want a solderless breadboard like chunk that you can plug in and reconfigure. So there's three sizes. And I have a couple here I can show off. Now let's go here because I want to show. So this is what was normally called perfboard or prototyping board. So I know that's like there's solderless breadboard and there's breadboard. So this is like kind of technically what some people call perfboard or breadboard. And it has individual holes and they're not connected through.  And the idea is you use solder and use blobs of solder to connect sections together. And then you have solderless breadboards, which, you know, the thing is, is that they're easy to plug in parts into, of course, but they're not as mechanically stable as soldered breadboards. Like parts can pop off or come off. Also there's a little bit more capacitance between all those little plates that are inside. And also they can get kind of loose. Like they're 99.9% reliable, but once in a while, especially if you used one for a while and they get a little rusty inside, you know, the connections can be a little tough. And then there's kind of what we call perma-proto, which is, you know, perfboard is kind of a mix between the two. There's prototyping holes, but they're connected five in a row, sort of like a breadboard. And so, you know, for example, here's the demo image for the Obi-Wan and you see, okay, you've got LEDs and headers connected on the right side where it's the free form area, dip chips in the middle, and then, you know, solder jumpers on the left on the solderless breadboard. So let's go to the overhead real fast and I can, you know, sort of show off. Let's go down. So I got a couple of these. One thing to watch for, just FYI, when you get these, the solderless breadboard, the solderless breadboard part is mechanically bolted on, but it's not soldered through. So, you know, if you're going to use it, you can remove it, but if you're going to use it, you'll need to solder these pins to make the electrical connection. It's quick work and these are all gold plated pads, that's nice. This section, you see there's a little silk screen over it, so it tells you that these five holes are connected together. So for example, you know, you have a trinket if you want to solder this down in place. And then you can have wires coming from here that you can then reconfigure onto the solderless breadboard area. And then of course, this is the free form area. So none of the holes are connected together, but it's good for, you know, if you have a dual row header, you have like kind of weird pinout sections or if you just want to have, you know, also see sockets sometimes for, you know, like tubes where they have like circular connections, those are going to be easier to connect into a free form proto area, or if you have like a tight pack connection. So like sometimes people who do op amp circuits, there's not enough holes on either side, so they'll do it on the free form area. So the OB1 is kind of my favorite. I think it's got exactly the right amount of each one. But I also got the OB3, which has basically, you know, power rails all the way down, well, not power rails. I mean, there are dual chunks and each chunk is a two by five. And then on the bottom, you can see that the two by five connects through to this area. So this is like a slightly different, a different set of, actually, sorry, this one also connects through. So this, this breadboard area is, if you, if you solder it in, we'll connect through and act as like a third row basically to this breadboard area. Another thing is, you know, they are good with breadboards, but twin industries also makes a lot of other kind of cool stuff. So they make flexible PCBs. They also have like these cases that have the PCBs that fit in them already, like ABS cases, and they also have a bunch of LED prototyping boards and Raspberry Pi hats also stocked by Digikey. So check those out. I like that they're, they don't just make like basic breadboards. They also kind of make some cool weird stuff and surface mount kits as well. But the good news is that the OB1 and friends are all available in stock. Digikey can buy them and ship them to you. This is the part number, just short URL, and that's one of the things that we're trying to do is, as we show this stuff, we want to make sure the availability is there as well. So very exciting. Try to get stuff that's in stock. It's handy, it's useful, and it's a lady at a pick. And that is this week's IonMPI. Thank you, Twin Industries.


Hey there friends. Thanks for checking in today. We have another choose only one video where I asked the viewers to choose only one And we are featuring revolvers All right. Now I am Categorizing this into certain sections. So Choose that particular section or that particular revolver really doesn't matter I think this one will be a lot of fun and it was highly requested Before we get into that though the last choose only one video There were so many comments and the majority chose the CZ shadow 2 we featured Full-size all-metal frame handguns the CZ shadow 2 took it. That's no surprise for me I kind of figured that the other three got a lot of attention as well But I just knew that would happen. Let's check out the revolvers. I think you'll like the way this is Put together. Let's start with a snub nose revolver or a duty revolver or CCW revolver I wouldn't pocket carry this. It's a bit large It's made by alpha proge in the Czech Republic imported by rock island armory It's called the al 3.0 msrp 700 bucks You can see it has a rubber grip there nice feel. It's a six-shot 357 magnum And this thing packs a wallop a two inch barrel ramped up front sight tunneled rear sight single action trigger right at four and a half pounds All blue they also make this and stainless But it's a nice revolver every time I've had it out. It's functioned really well Snub nose or duty revolvers where this would qualify. Here's another duty revolver It's called the torus defender 856 ultra light and it is light Much lighter than the al 3.0. I just showed you But this has a three inch barrel highly requested by Revolver fans of torus. They said hey, you know what make that 856 ultra light with a three inch barrel And they did and they added a tritium front dot This is a matte stainless finish The whole rubber grip they have a whole series now. It's a six shot 38 special. It will accept plus p loads And it's a nice shooter as well, you know nice crisp single action trigger pull right at five and a quarter pounds but overall the duty revolvers Seem to be very popular amongst shooters How about a plinking revolver or even a new shooter revolver great to get people into The shooting sports. This is a diamond backside kick. It's a nine shot. It comes with two cylinders 22 long rifle and a 22 magnum cylinder and they are easily Switched out. But here it is.  Can we just agree on that? But this is cowboy action looking but it's not really cowboy action because I just showed you it has a swing out cylinder But nine shots. That's pretty good capacity And you're looking at You know right around 330 bucks msrp. I think it's a fine shooting 22 revolver here. We have a big bore revolver called the magnum research bfr big frame revolver This one's chambered in 45 70 government and it is a beast You can see it has the cowboy action loading gate there. It's a five shot 45 70 with a seven and a half inch barrel And the single action trigger pulls right at four and a quarter pounds. It has a rubber grip there And the optic I have here is a name point 5000 It's a bit older, but it works great And if you love the power in your hands, you love that recoil punching you back a little bit You want to to take out any size game in the us with Perhaps the 45 70 they make many different caliber offerings Then this would be for you because it is so much fun How about a classical historical High value revolver. This is the one I really wanted to bring out. This is a colt python a beautiful Revolver in 357 magnum the shooting of it the trigger The the way it looks the history behind it Those vents on top of the barrel full under lug The colt python grips and the single action trigger Is it's a hair trigger. It is so nice Now the price of these and the overall cost has skyrocketed And people said once colt starts making these again, it's actually going to drop it didn't it actually went up It increased in value because these were all hand fitted By professionals at their art and if you're into classical high value revolvers Then you'll definitely choose this one here the colt python. We're looking at two pocket revolvers Both chambered in 22 magnum. Here is the switch gun that I recently showed Works just like a switch blade It's a new release from standard manufacturing. You hit that lever and you have five shots of 22 magnum Single action and that lever will lock it up back in place Nice little backup gun and over here.  You don't even know it's there and you have a backup gun with At least one of these models. So let me know which category or revolver you prefer the most and remember Choose only one and then I'll report whatever happened with the next choose only one video If you like videos like this, please subscribe and share. I always appreciate thumbs up button Thanks for watching and you guys be safe


When you throw your trash away, where is a way? Do you actually know where your trash ends up? Plastic is a global problem. We are not only facing it here in Bali. 400 plastic bags per year is being used per person on Bali alone and 700 per person throughout Indonesia. Our message, our vision was for our island to be plastic bag free. Bioplastics bags is a social initiative or now an official NGO run by youth on the island of Bali to say no to single use plastic bags. And the long-term solution we believe and what we've learned is waste management. Our journey with bioplastics bags started around five years ago and at 10 and 12 years old we could see the negative effects plastic was having on our home island. And so I still remember, you know, we were walking home that day from school and we thought, hey, what can we as kids do on the island of Bali? If we were walking in the rice fields, there'd be plastic. Swimming, walking on the beach, there'd be plastic. So we thought, hey, what's someone going to do about this? And I think sometimes you always forget that you can be that someone. We have four main pillars of focus. The first one being education because we believe that education is key. Change starts in the classroom and one of the advantages that we have is that when we're in front of the classroom it's kids in front of kids. So we spark something else inside of them. One island, one voice! Our second pillar of focus is our pilot village and this is where we go every weekend to distribute around 200 alternative bags for their team to show the locals that it is possible to say they're the plastic bags. Our third pillar of focus is our One Island, One Voice campaign and this is sort of where we reach out to all the retailers in the industry to get them involved. And this is where we reward all the places that are plastic bag free on Bali by giving them a sticker and it says One Island, One Voice, a plastic bag free zone. And the last pillar of focus is a personal favorite of mine because it's going global and it just shows that kids from every corner of the world they watch what we're doing here on the island. They're the ones saying, I want to do the same back where I come from. We hit our real jackpot when we went to the United Nations in New York to speak on World Oceans Day where we addressed world leaders and gave them a perspective and a voice from the younger generation. Om Shanti Shanti Shanti Om. Thank you. Now our next approach is to implement a paying for plastic policy. We've seen in other countries all around the world that once there's a paying for plastic policy set in place the public mindset really shifts and it changes. It's one thing to talk but the next steps are to implement a waste management system. Next step is to set up a bin system around the island. 2018 has got to be the year. We're not going anywhere until Bali is plastic bag free. Because we believe that us kids may only be 25% of the world's population but we are 100% of the future.


how many intros do you think we've done? how many videos have we done? thousands? no i think actually we've only done like 600. welcome back to our new direction video, it's i'm corbin i'm rick and you can follow us on instagram and twitter. we're good now. i took my medicine. but uh... thank you for the picture and follow us on twitter. yeah i can see Godzilla in a miracan. yes uh today actually yesterday uh all your trouble seems so far away. yes there was a another festival that we missed so i apologize um i'm sure you told me about it sorry but there's another one it's called uh Dushara. Dushara and it was on october 8th so yesterday uh so we got two short videos to kind of explain it to us. cool. uh you know one of the thousand festivals they have in india they just party all the time. best of people man. like like all like we don't have that many festivals here. no. especially not ones that just everyone just celebrates. no we've got the really awesome like big pumping festival days like labor day. or you you you turned up on president's day. here we go. let's just get into it. here we go. Dushara is the festival celebrated to commemorate the victory of ram. start it over. how'd she pronounce it?  Dushara is the festival celebrated to commemorate the victory of ram over the ten-headed king of rakshasas. ram. like ram leader. this is perhaps the most popular tale that every indian associates with the festival of Dushara. when Sita was abducted by ram along with his brother Lakshman his follower Hanuman and an army of ape men waged a war against ram. the conflict culminated with the defeat of ram and his death in war. this happened on the day of Dushara. it is this occasion that people celebrate by burning effigies of ram. it is said that before ram left for Lanka he had prayed to Durga for his victory. Durga who was associated with Shakti had blessed ram. another story that is associated with Dushara is the one about Durga one question was each day as a name on the festival. when Maheshasur reeked havoc and had defeated all gods Vishnu, Brahma and Siva combined powers and created Shakti in the form of Durga to destroy Maheshasur. the victory of Durga over Maheshasur is celebrated as Vijaya Tashmi or Dushara. after the three-day celebration of Durga puja the fourth day is celebrated as Vijaya Tashmi. this is the last day of Durga puja where the idols of Durga are consigned to water. a lesser known story that is associated with Dushara is that of the Pandavas. after the Pandavas lost the game of dice to the Kauravas they were exiled for 13 years. in the last year of their exile the Pandavas had to live in disguise. before they left the forest they hid their powerful weapons under a shamu tree so that nobody could find them. when they returned after a year they found their weapons lying under the tree untouched. the Pandavas declared war on the Kauravas soon after this and won the battle against them. since then the exchange of shamu leaves has become accustomed among people as it symbolizes goodwill and victory. in many parts of the country people worship the shamu tree on the shara. according to another story in Ayodhya there lived a boy called Kautsup the son of a brahmin called devdatt who had pursued his education from rishi varatattu. when it was time to pay his gurudakshina the rishi asked him for 140 gold coins unable to pay his gurudakshina kautsa requested the king to help him. kautsa's wish was answered when kubair the god of wealth showered gold coins from the sky near the apathy tree. kautsa collected the gold coins and gave his gurudakshina. he distributed the remaining coins to the poor on the day of the shara. since that day people have offered leaves of the apathy tree to each other considering them to be a symbol of gold. the festival of the shara also marks the beginning of the war season. it is said that in ancient times kings used this festival to cross borders and fight against their neighboring enemies. the celebration of the shara in india however started in the 17th century when the king of Mysore had ordered for the celebration of the occasion on a large scale. since then the festival of the shara has been celebrated with great pomp and enthusiasm. this festival is symbolic as it enables people to win over their fears and celebrate the victory of good over evil. obviously yeah it says in the for me the which one the artist giddish malab yeah super talented yeah i love watching time lapse drawing like that because i that's one talent i do not have oh no and then the voice is just not sastry she sounded like an indian um boy what's her name uh black widow uh oh yeah uh scarlett Johansson yeah she sounded like indian scarlett Johansson it did you're absolutely right i was that's like a soothing voice like right it is a scarlett Johansson indian in it uh i didn't know anything about that yeah but i did when you said it and you said it was yesterday because i knew that drigapooja ended yesterday well well i'm gonna don't know when we're posting this so obviously it ended on october 8th uh i thought is this what i think it is because um and it is yeah yeah uh now it's really good actual very informative i think this one is like more of uh the actual celebrating of it so it's like what the what the festival had it that's what it was about this is what it's done yeah what it's done i believe uh could be wrong if it's not that don't blame me blame somebody else yeah here we go it's plain ocean in a second wow they they burn up fast that's actually pretty cool it's a dancing distance yeah but that looks like to a little kid these people yeah nara's targaryen just is there something no and it looks like they're going to grab pieces that didn't burn why they're doing that they're probably getting pieces of the effigy that weren't fully consumed and either they're gonna form a mini mixture they are consumed or maybe they say part of it i don't know i want to get close to it yeah that's cool i got sent a bunch of uh uh they didn't explain that enough to think well i know they said they burned effigies but i didn't expect it to be i expected to be like a calcifer here yeah yeah me too something small i don't expect them to be freaking five stories high yeah and i know that the last day of durga puja they like in calcada they take the images of the goddess and go submerge yeah her in the river i don't know about the burning of anything maybe this is that night no that's done at night too oh is it yeah there's like ceremonies that's that are done by the priests to end the festival and it's the departure of the goddess and the idols go in the water i don't know that they do that i could be wrong correct me if i'm wrong the burning of the effigies there and there may be people who just celebrate this festival as a standalone and don't also do durga puja i don't know i would imagine i learned you have so many festivals i know the first video was very informative so i like that one that's actually one of the most informative videos i think we've been on on one of the festivals and it was obviously really well done and the next one gave us a little more which was really cool and i know they dance and they shoot off fireworks as well because i got a bunch of videos on twitter right uh people celebrating it last night yeah uh and there's fireworks going off everywhere people dance and everywhere every festival they dance in india yeah yeah yeah just a standard thing there's either burning or there's colors or there's something very uh lively going on with the festivals oh and i had mentioned osha this little fyi there's there's an organization here called osha stands for occupational safety and hazard association and they oversee things like this as would the fire marshal and so if things aren't up to osha standards you can get fined or your business can be shut down so that's why we jokingly said that's not up to osha standards oh yeah i they might celebrate this year somewhere in america but they don't do that if they do it's going to be done out in a field and they have to get the permission from the fire department or in the middle of a lake or yeah like they have to do burning man basically in the desert and it's got to be done like here in in socao we'll have times a year a lot of the times we'll have red flag warnings and you can't even do bonfires or even barbecues in some places because it's too dry and it can set off brush fires so it's fire season right now right now it's fire season yeah but man that was cool i'd like to see one of those things what are they made of might be just like like straw burning things yeah like yeah they're loaded with fire crackers and fireworks and stuff that's awesome i don't know if it was loaded with fireworks so those would just go shooting off and well some of them did cool some of them did they went off into the audience i was like how was that safe hey randy how'd you lose your eye well during the festival let's stand a little too close why are they talking like that that's so cool though i'm i'm glad i'm glad you guys have so many festivals because it's like it seems like every single week there's another festival that we have to learn about which is awesome as a culture y'all just like to party yeah and as a culture you guys are in a consistent state of having a appreciation for life and an appreciation for the the connection between the physical and the invisible realm and the spiritual as well as the physical this was really it's very very cool well happy belated pronounce it you didn't carbonize it do share it right on corbin i screwed it up this time they're all dead they're probably no you both screwed it up


I left on a mini vacation. I was out in Seattle I went to Portland and then Washington. It was pretty cool. Although it was a little too cold out there I'm usually out here in California. It's uh pretty sunny most of the time, but out there is a different story And today we are on this plankton is not dead So I'm not sure if he's dead or not by the title. He's not dead So let's go ahead and begin with this to see what this okay easy medium hard. Let's do Let's do medium Just in between you know case story plankton stole five Krabby Patties from you You have to take them back to the Krusty Krab. All right plankton.  I don't know exactly what he is a plankton. I guess all right Let's go ahead and begin okay a task return five Krabby Patties Oh, oh what are we missing crabs, bro? You hear that every time I like we walk right there. Listen. Oh Me first Krabby Patty boy Okay, so we are Mr. Krabs. Yo, I can't okay. This is too much every time we walk we hear his little foot step Oh Karen.   Okay. Let's go out here We open this Okay plankton with a hickest plankton man. I can't trust that dude.  We're pretty much gonna die here. Okay, we got plankton chase squidward. No No That was pretty cheesy and cheap. All right, let's go ahead and start I Kind of want to go easy just to beat it. Let's let's try and meet him one more time We'll probably we'll beat it here. Okay. We got one Krabby Patty here Okay, so we got to watch out for plankton as we can see Bro, he looks goofy All right. Um Okay, let's go this way Okay, we got one crack. Okay. He comes from that way. So let's let's just start running.  No, thank you, man. All right. You've got two Krabby Patties. Okay, we're doing pretty good so far There's blood everywhere, dude Okay. Oh Sandy Sandy got her cheeks clapped, bro. Oh my god. All right. We got three four Krabby Patties Okay, this is pretty easy like once you find one you keep on finding the next one. Oh, no Patrick Patrick didn't deserve this man. Okay. We just need one more Krabby Patties Yo, okay here plankton Okay, you know No way. Okay, go go gotta break. Oh We just needed one more We were so close man. All right. Let's try this again. I wonder what's the difference between easy medium and hard like Maybe on easy mode plankton is way slower. I Don't freaking know man But we work right there. We just need to find the last Krabby Patty Okay, then we got to be quick quick and swift. Okay, go this way. Okay, there's no Krabby Patty here, which is kind of Maybe we have to go this way to get the last Krabby Patty Kind of want to go check but Plankton does come from that way Go to papa Hello weirdo. Okay. No, nothing in here. I don't think we actually came this way Actually, we did okay for But we just need one more come on Come on Where is it? Oh No, I hear plankton. Is he coming? Where was he at? I couldn't even see him bro.  There's a Krabby Patty right here. Okay, that's the same Krabby Patty as always Okay to Krabby Patties Okay, this is weird Like we need to go this way.  Thank you going this way. Mr. Krabbs with your quick little feet Okay, we need to go around we have to make him turn around like And we got it like wait for plankton We got a way for him to catch up to us so we can come around and go in the other way Okay, we grab these over here, okay, we got our third Krabby Patty So for it we need to wait for him somewhere back here Because if we try to go the other way he's gonna catch up to us camp gonna let him come this way I'm gonna run towards the back and he just appeared out of nowhere and just scared us Wow, okay, we are here Where's the last Krabby Patty man? The last one yes, wait what get the hell out Okay, where exactly do we escape to do no No Bro, I just need okay. Where do we escape from maybe I think you have to go back where Karen's at and the last Krabby Patty Patrick was holding back. I knew it man. Okay. Now we need to get out.  We cannot lose We cannot lose we're so close even though. I don't know where the exit tap But I think it's back where Karen is because there was like a another door in that room So let's try to hurry up. Okay. We lost them Okay, nice We might actually do it here ladies and gentlemen. Okay. Let's go back in here Okay, where's that door? Okay, it's gotta be in here. I see another door. It's gotta be this man.  Man, all right. Well, that was Blank that is not dead. I wonder what happened in Inside the chumbuck it because as we seen he killed everyone like How did everybody die in there like I kind of want a backstory to it man Like maybe they tried to retrieve the the Krabby Patties and he died and then mr. Krabble's the only one left alive to Do so I don't freaking know man. Well, there you have it plankton is not dead I'll leave the game in the description if you guys want to check it out And yet thank you for watching and I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace


What are soul ties and are they biblical? Hey smart Christians, welcome back. I want to talk about something that has been asked of me to kind of cover and that's this issue of soul ties. You hear people talk about soul ties in the context of when two people become intimate and I mean intimate sexually and when they say so they tend to refer to a piece or a part of this person's soul being tied or needed to the other person's soul. In other words, this person becomes part of the next person and vice versa. The question is, is that even biblical? Well first off, anything that brings you any sort of joy or delight, if you spend time with it, there's a connection that develops and when you establish a connection with a person the longer the relationship with that person, the deeper the connection becomes. And so when people have these or develop these intimate relationships, these sexual relationships, it is said that they have developed these soul ties where the soul of the person that they have been intimate with is tied to the other person, to their partner. Their souls are tied together, they become one with the other person, they become a part of the person. Question is, is that true more to the point is that biblical? Well, the answer is no, it's not. Now there are some passages that people turn to to kind of give a biblical basis for why they even have this term soul ties. One of them oddly enough is in the Old Testament in 1 Samuel when speaking about the relationship between David and Jonathan. Let's look at that passage and see if soul ties are implied here. In this passage it says that the soul of Jonathan was knit to the soul of David. The word that's used here is the Hebrew word kashir and that does mean knit, it does mean tied, it also means conspiracy, it means together. And the only point that the writer is trying to make is that David and Jonathan had just a close knit relationship. It meant that they were part of each other. Clearly there was no sexual relationship that was there. All it simply means that they just had a close relationship and that they had a friendship, a connection with each other. And so it would be a leap to use this passage and say that there was some sort of a soul tie with these two or to justify them. Now there are no such thing as soul ties but does that mean that there is no connection between two people's souls or two people's persons? Well, of course there is. So let me see if I can kind of give you an analogy that maybe if you harken back to your days in preschool or elementary school you can relate to. Let's say I've got two pieces of paper.  Some of the glue on this paper is now going to be on this paper. If I do it again, hold them together, pull them apart, even more glue of this paper will be on that paper. Do it again, pull them apart. What happens now is because the two pieces of paper have started to have some even more interaction. Now instead of some of the glue from this paper being on that paper, some of the paper on this paper, some of the ink, some of the paper, some of the coloring from this paper will now be on this and vice versa. Some of what's on this paper will now be on that paper.  So maybe a better word to use other than soul ties, again it's not biblical, our soul is not connected to anyone else's soul, but maybe a better terminology would be flesh ties. Here's what I mean. We're told in the Bible in the old Anno knew that a man shall leave his mother and father and be joined to his wife and the two shall become one. And the one is indicating one in flesh, right? And then we look at what Paul says in 1 Corinthians 6. So let's go in and read that. In verse 15 of chapter 6, he says, Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? Shall I then take the members of Christ and make them members of a prostitute? Never. Or do you not know that he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one body with her? Some verses may say one flesh for it is written. The two will become one flesh. But he who is joined to the Lord becomes one in spirit with him. Let's stop for a second. So being joined with the Lord, now we become one spiritually. But when it comes to a person, a man to a woman, a woman to a man, that that person becomes one in not soul, not in spirit, but one in flesh. Okay, so there's a time, because what happens is like I said, that person becomes, you know, you become familiar with that person. And you think about that person. You can envision that person. You can smell that person. The feeling goes from being physical to being emotional and then even to psychological. And while all that's happening, hey, it's all good as long as the two are together. Feeling good, even if it is a sinful relationship, the two are together. So they feel like, hey, we can conquer the world. We don't need anybody else. It's just us. And you get to the point to where you are finishing each other's sentences. You know what the person's thinking. You're wondering what they're doing at that moment.  All last good. You feel lovey-dovey. It's all good until it ends. The two separate. But then what's happened in the past is still being thought about in the present. And it's hard to eat. Sometimes, for some people, it's hard to even imagine going forward without having any of this residue from the past. And so folks may call that a soul tie. But again, as I said, it's not a soul tie. It's that the person became one in flesh, even in an unnatural sense, an ungodly sense. And so there are going to be some lingering effects. As a matter of fact, it's exacerbated even more so if it is an unbiblical relationship, an ungodly relationship, one that's not sanctioned by God. So what the good news is, there is no soul tie. And also the good news is, is that even if something like this becomes a stronghold, those things can also be alleviated. Usually that stuff kind of passes, the strength, the feeling goes away over time. But there are some instances where time does not heal that wound. There are some instances where time doesn't cause you to forget, to get over what has happened. But here's the truth and here's the good news. Although there are no soul ties to the person, that there may be some joining by flesh, there is a soul tie in the sense when it comes to us as a believer with God. We're tied by our soul to him. And so he's working in us. And so there's a good news. The Bible says that the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God through pulling down a stronghold. And so if you feel like that what you may have thought or come to know of as a soul tie or just this deep attraction, this connection that's been broken, we've got something to defeat that what might seem like or even may be actually a stronghold. And that is prayer. That is relationship with God, the one who our soul is actually tied to. Because we illegitimately put that person in a place that they had no business being in the first place. A place that's occupied or should be occupied or reserved for God, right? Because you need to remember this. An ungodly relationship is always an ungodly relationship. If it started off ungodly, it will end as ungodly. It's not that God is going to ever turn around and start blessing sin. And we do that sometimes. We say, well, Lord, this person is this, this person is that, and we want God to bless this relationship and make it into something. Well, first of all, if you're in a relationship that you're not proud of, now you wouldn't tell someone that you're not proud of and you certainly wouldn't tell the person at the time that you're not proud of. But some of you guys like to post things on social media. Is this relationship that you can post on social media and let everyone know or do you know there's going to be some backlash? Is this a type of relationship that you would be proud to have your child, your son or your daughter in this same type of relationship that began the same type of way that yours did? If the roots of this thing is sinful, understand. Sin has a way, don't care how it makes you feel, has a way of taking root. The longer it's there, the deeper and stronger the roots get. And so when God roots that out, there's a lot that's coming out with that. If sin has taken hold deep, when you pull it out, it's not just the roots are going to come out and it's going to hurt. So obviously the best advice is to make sure that whatever relationship that you're in, it is a godly relationship. It's one that can be out in the open. The one that you can, a relationship that you can pray about and pray with others about, that you can talk to this person about God and talk to God about that person so that everyone knows where you stand. Because the real soul tie that you do have is not with a person, not with something on this planet, but with God. And so whatever you do, it's me and God in the mix. And if someone wants to come in, into my life, into this relationship, they're coming into a relationship that's already established with me and God. And preferably this person should have the same soul tie with God, the same relationship with God. And if that's the case, well then it's fine because now we can say who God or what God has joined together, let no man put us under. So if you're in one of these relationships that one you should not be in, all I can do is just say what the word says, what Paul says, and that is flee sexual immorality, flee that, leave it. Even if it hadn't got to the point to where it's gotten physical, leave it because he doesn't say, hey, stick around, fight it. You can win, no fleet. Why?  So avoid, not only just the very appearance of sin, but don't even give place to sin. Don't even make the possibility of sin happening. And for you who have been in one of these relationships where you feel like there are these soul ties, because we don't have a problem if it's a golly relationship and we feel this close connection and we're still with the person and we're marrying this person, we either are or are going to marry this person, that's fine. Call it what you want to call it, in truth it's not a soul tie, but what about when it ends and that's the issue. I've been doing this and now I've got this connection. I want to get past this person, I want to get past that. Well, here's what you do. Do what you did with that person with God. The time that you spent with that person, spend it with God. The time talking to this person about things, about life, about all those things that are happening around you. Do the same with God. Find out when you're wondering what this person is doing, when you're wondering what this person is thinking what this person's up to, start wondering what God is thinking what he's up to. In other words, the amount of time that you invest with this person that caused the problems, take that same time, replace it with God, and watch how he fixes you and then even watch this. And he may not come as quickly and do it as quickly as you want to, but watch how he brings you to someone who he wants you to be with.  Amen.


for tape archive. It was originally designed as a program that would let people back up their files to magnetic tape. Here's the idea of an archive. Let's say you have some shirts and you want to store them away.  Here's the command to tar the shirts tar dash CVF shirts tar orange green blue purple. Let's examine the options to the tar command. The C means that you are creating an archive. The V means verbose. If you use this option tar will give you output about what it's doing. The F means I want a file as output and it's followed by the file name in this case shirts tar. And finally the files that you want to go into the archive orange green blue purple. That makes the entire command tar dash CVF shirts tar orange green blue purple. When you need to get the shirts out of the bag just use the X option which stands for extract. Again V stands for verbose and F specifies the tar file shirts tar. That extracts all the files from the bag. If you had specified any file names after the tar file name only those files would have been extracted. Tar is very handy for backing up your files but there's one problem. The size of the tar file is greater than the size of the old all the original files. That's because there's some overhead involved in keeping track of the file positions in the archive as well as their names and other such things. The solution is to find some way to shrink the tar file so it takes up less space. So let's talk about how you compress files on Linux. Consider a file named car.txt. If you say GZIP car.txt the GZIP program compresses the file and renames the result as car.txt.gz. You don't have to add the extra .gz at the end. GZIP does that for you. GZIP isn't the only game in town. There's also a program named BZIP2. It adds the .BZ2 extension. So if I said BZIP2 car.txt I would get car.txt.BZ2 as my output file. BZIP2 works better on large files. The compressed files become smaller than with GZIP, but it takes more time to do the job. To uncompress a file use GUNZIP or BUNZIP2. The program will automatically remove the .gz or .BZ2 extension on the uncompressed file. So your commands would be GUNZIP car.txt.gz or BUNZIP2 car.txt.BZ2. Now let's see how this helps us with tar files. Remember how you created shirts.tar with the tar command tar-cvf shirts.tar orange green blue purple. You can now use GZIP on the shirts.tar file by typing GZIP shirts.tar and you'll get a smaller archive file named shirts.tar.gz. Because making a tar file and compressing it is such a common operation, compression has been built into tar. If you add the Z option to the tar command so your options now read dash cvzf, tar will use the GZIP method to compress the resulting tar file. Unlike the independent GZIP command you have to specify the .gz in your file name. It doesn't get added automatically. So in this case after the F you would put the file name shirts.tar.gz. Because a tar plus GZIP operation is so common you will often see people abbreviate the resulting file name extension as .tgz instead of .tar.gz. If you add the J option to the tar command so your options now read dash cvjf, tar will use the BZIP2 method to compress the resulting tar file. Again you must specify the .bz2 in your file name it's not automatic. So your command would now read tar dash cvjf shirts.tar.bz2 orange green blue purple. To extract the files in a tar GZIP file you use the X option for extract just as you did before and you add the Z option to stand for the G unzip compression method. So your command would be tar dash xvzf shirts.tar.gz. To extract the files in a tar BZIP2 file you use the X option to extract and you use the J option instead of Z to use the B unzip 2 uncompression method and your command would read tar dash xvjf shirts.tar.bz2