A very good evening aspirants. Welcome to Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankarai's Academy for the date 14th of May 2022. Displayed here are the list of articles that we are going to discuss today. See, first of all we are going to see a previous year prelims question. And after that we will see these four articles. The first article is about Indian monsoon. So under this article discussion we are going to see everything about south-west monsoon. The branches of it, Arabian Sea branch, Bay of Bengal branch, the mechanism of reversal of wind direction, and the places that receives rainfall and the retreating of Indian monsoon. So basically we are going to see everything about the south-west monsoon. And after that the second article which we are going to take is about tomato flu. Sounds fascinating, right? So under this article discussion we are going to see what is this tomato flu.  Moving on, see this third article, it is about a permanent body of Shanghai Cooperation Organization which is RATS. So we will see this permanent body and we will also see about the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It is establishment, goals, principles, member states and functioning. Moving on to the final article, see it is about a theme park which is based on Buddhism. So using this opportunity we are going to see everything about Buddhism, some basic facts about Buddhism, about Gautama Buddha and some of the features of Buddhism. And after that as usual we will solve some of the prelims questions and we will end the session. So without any delay we will get into the previous year prelims question discussion. See this question here, see this question is asked in the year 2019. The question says, in the context of which of the following do some scientists such as the use of cirrus cloud thinning technique and the injection of sulphate aerosol into stratosphere. Option A, creating the artificial rains in some regions. Option B, reducing the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones. Option C, reducing the adverse effects of solar wind on the earth. And option D, reducing the global warming. See the moment you finish reading the question and the options, you can easily find out that option C is not very much relevant to the question. See this is because the question is about the use of cloud thinning technique and injection of sulphate aerosol into the stratosphere. But the statement given in option C is about reducing the adverse effects of solar winds on earth. So it is not very much relevant compared to the other options given. So option C can be safely eliminated here. Now we have three options left. That is option A, B and B. See this question may seem as an application oriented question but it is not the case. Static part plays a crucial role here. I'll tell you how. If you know what is cirrus clouds then you can easily arrive at the answer here. So what is cirrus clouds? They are one of the types of clouds and they are formed at high altitudes. That is 8000 to 12000 meter. See it is here. They are thin and detached clouds having a feathery appearance. They are always white in color. So if you know this information then you can easily eliminate option A and B. See this is because cirrus clouds has nothing to do with rain or precipitation. So now by elimination technique we have arrived at the answer option D which is the correct answer. So this is how static part will be useful in an application oriented question. Now let's see some facts about the technique which is the cirrus cloud thinning. See the description and the purpose of the technology. Cirrus cloud thinning is a solar geo-engineering proposal which aims to eliminate or thin cirrus clouds to allow heat to escape into the space. See the elongated cirrus clouds are formed at high altitudes as we already saw. And they often absorb more sunlight than they reflect. See this is because they are formed in cold temperatures and they consist of ice crystals. If these ice crystals are numerous and small, cirrus clouds prevent long wave terrestrial radiation from escaping into space and they have a climate impact similar to greenhouse gases. So by using this technique it is said that in the presence of natural ice nuclei such as dust, the ice crystals that form are fewer and larger and they will be formed with a shorter life span and with fewer climatic effects. See we saw that if the ice crystals are numerous and small it will prevent the radiation from escaping into space. So what we are doing here we are injecting this aerosols so that the ice crystals will be formed fewer and larger so that it will have fewer climatic effects. See the proponents of theoretical solar geo-engineering technique known as the cirrus cloud thinning, it proposes injecting ice nuclei such as bismuth triiodide or aerosol particles such as sulphuric or nitric acid into the regions where the cirrus clouds form. And this would produce cirrus clouds with larger ice crystals with shorter life spans and they also reduces the optical depth which means more long wave terrestrial radiation would be transmitted into space. See the thinning of the clouds according to some researchers could allow more heat to escape into the space. See that's all for this technique and with this previous year problems question now let us move on to the articles discussion. See this news article mentions that the southwest monsoon is going to arrive sooner this year. Normally its onset is on June 1 but according to the predictions of Indian meteorological department IMD this year monsoon will take its onset on May 27 itself. This is happening after 13 years. Therefore from now on we will be getting many monsoon related news. And taking this opportunity now let us brush up on the basics of the Indian monsoon. But before that the syllabus relevant to the article is given here for your reference. Now let's start our discussion. See monsoon is a climatic phenomenon but a little known one. Scientists are still trying to discover the exact nature and causation of monsoon. But no single theory could be arrived at. So monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year in between winter and summer seasons. In India this reversal is along the shores of the Indian Ocean especially in the Arabian Sea. What happens here is the wind blows from the southwest during one half of the year and from northeast during the other half. So we call this as a double system of seasonal winds which causes two monsoon patterns. That is when the wind blows from the southwest here actually they are flowing from the sea to the land during the summer. We call this as the southwest monsoon. On the other hand when the wind flows from the northeast here they are flowing from land to the sea during winter and we call this as northeast monsoon. And also remember that monsoons are more pronounced in the Indian subcontinent compared to any other region. This is due to various factors like favourable geographical location at the southern edge of the Asian continent, topic of cancer passing through it, vast Indian Ocean lying to its south and its strong land sea thermal contrast especially during summer and also because of the presence of Himalayan mountains barrier along its northern boundary. See these are the common factors. Now since the news is about southwest monsoon let us see that in detail. See southwest monsoon season is from June to September. We saw already that the wind flows from sea to land during summer and this is due to many factors like the differential heating of land and sea and we know that during summer the northwestern parts of India become very hot due to very high temperature. This mainly due to the apparent shift of the sun and the northern hemisphere. Now due to a higher temperature over the land in summer a low pressure area develops over the continents so the winds blow from the neighbouring oceans towards the land and since these winds are of maritime origin and are blowing over warm water bodies before reaching land they are moisture laden that is they absorb moisture from the ocean. This in turn cause ample rainfall in summer and this sudden onset of rain is called the break of monsoon or the burst of monsoons and that is why the southwest monsoon period is the chief rainy season for the whole India and about 75% of the country's annual rainfall is realised during the southwest monsoon season. Here note that the arrival of these winds may be early or delayed depending upon the pressure conditions over the northern plains and over the Indian Ocean. Now you may ask a question here when and where these winds first arrive or strike? See it arrives in the first week of June and they first strike the coast of Kerala and by mid-July it progresses in land and cover most of India. See this weather continues till September but according to today's news the monsoon is arriving early by four days. Now with this information let us understand how the monsoon progresses to cover most of India. For this we need to acknowledge the peninsular shape of India because this shape divides the southwest monsoon into two major branches that is Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch. The Arabian Sea branch monsoon strikes the western coast of India and also it is split into three more branches. So follow the map as I speak one branch strikes Kerala and western guards so the windward side that is the side facing the winds is the western slope of the western guards and this side receives very heavy rainfall of more than 250 centimetres but on the other side that is the eastern side of the western guards it receives less wind thereby less rainfall So the region on the eastern slope is called the rain shadow zone which includes Tamil Nadu Karnataka and Telangana Now the second branch of the Arabian Sea monsoon strikes the coast north of Mumbai. See the wind moves along the Narmada and Tapthi river valleys so these are the winds that cause rainfall in the extensive areas of central India. The Chotanakpur Plateau has a diameter rainfall from this part of the branch and then it enters the Ganga Plains and it mingles with the other major branch of the Bay of Bengal branch. Now the third branch of Arabian Sea monsoon or the south west monsoon strikes along the coast of Saurashtra and Kutch it then passes over Rajasthan and along the Aravallis and then they pass on to Punjab and Haryana north of Bay of Bengal branch. So they become the reason for rains in the western Himalayas. Now we saw there are two branches of south west monsoon one is Arabian Sea branch and the other one is Bay of Bengal branch and we saw that Arabian Sea branch itself has three branches one strikes Kerala and western Ghats the other one strikes the coast north of Mumbai so it causes rainfall to central India and the other branch is rainfall to the western Himalayas. Now let's come to the Bay of Bengal branch. Initially it reminds a single branch but it is divided into two sub branches after striking eastern Himalayas. See initially the Bay of Bengal branch strikes the coast of Myanmar and part of south east Bangladesh but the Arakan hills which is in the eastern Himalayas along the coast of Myanmar deflect a big portion of this branch towards the Indian sub continent as you can see here and this is where the branch is split. So due to this deflection one sub branch enters west Bengal and Bangladesh but note that since the wind is deflected its direction is changed. So it no longer flows from the south west rather from south and south east direction. So this branch moves westward along the Ganga plains and Himalayan ranges and it causes heavy and widespread rains over the vast areas here and then it reaches as far as the Punjab plains. But remember crucial fact here in this branch there is progressive decrease in the humidity of the winds so the amount of rainfall also decreases. That means it decreases from east to west. So this is one branch then the other sub branch moves up the Brahmabutra valley in the north and the north east causing widespread rains and this is the branch that strikes the Garo and Kasi hills of Meghalaya. So yes right this is why Mohr's syndrome receives the highest average rainfall in the world as it is located on the crest of Kasi hills. And overall an interesting fact is here in the Bay of Bengal branch also Tamil Nadu is affected because Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon. So the Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during the southwest monsoon season. And finally know that southwest monsoon starts retreating in the first week of September from the northwest India. This happens due to the weakening of low pressure area over the northwest in parts. See the weakening of low pressure area is because of low temperatures. The low temperature is caused by two factors. One is the apparent shift of sun towards the equator. The second is widespread rains have brought down the temperatures tremendously. So in this period that is at the end of the southwest monsoon in October and November the northeast monsoon starts which is also called the retreating monsoon and we will talk about this some other day. So that's all about this article discussion. In this article discussion we saw about monsoon. See it is derived from an Arabic word mousum which literally means season and we saw that monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year in between winter and summer seasons. See in India this reversal is along the shores of the Indian ocean especially in Arabian sea. The wind blows from southwest during one half of the year and from northeast during the other half of the year. When the wind blows from southwest it flows from sea to land and it is called as southwest monsoon. On the other hand when the wind blows from northeast it blows from land to sea and it is called as northeast monsoon. See monzones are very pronounced in Indian subcontinent. This is because favorable geographical location tropic of cancer, vast Indian ocean, strong land sea thermal contrast and the presence of Himalayan mountain barrier as the northern boundary. And we saw southwest monsoon in detail. See it starts from June and it lasts till September. It is because of the differential heating of land and sea. See a low pressure area develops over the continent and the wind blows from the neighboring oceans towards the land. Since the winds are of maritime origin they absorb moisture from the ocean and this moisture is carried to the land and this causes rainfall from the Indian subcontinent. This is called the break of monsoon or the burst of monsoon and we saw the striking and progression of southwest monsoon. See southwest monsoon first strikes the coast of Kerala and it is progressed towards the entire Indian subcontinent in two branches. One is the Arabian Sea branch and the other one is Bay of Bengal branch. Arabian Sea branch in turn is split into three branches. One branch strikes Kerala and western Ghats. The other one brings rainfall to central India. It strikes the coast north of Mumbai. See it moves along Narmada and Tapthi river valleys. And the third branch it moves along the coast of Saurashtra and Kutch and passes over west Rajasthan and along the Aravallis and they pass on to Punjab and Haryana and it brings rain to western Himalayas and after that we saw about the Bay of Bengal branch which initially reminds as a single branch but it is divided into two sub-branches after it strikes eastern Himalayas. See the Arabian hills splits the Bay of Bengal branch. One branch enters west Bengal and Bangladesh. So it flows from southwest rather from south and southeast. This branch moves westward along the Ganga plains and Himalayan ranges and it causes heavy rainfall there. As it progressed towards Ganga plains it loses moisture so the amount of rainfall also decreases here. The other branch it moves up the Brahmaputra valley in the north and northeast and it strikes the Garo and Kasi hills of Meghalaya and causes rainfall there and we saw that Mao syndrome is located on the crest of Kasi hills and that is why it receives the highest average annual rainfall in the world. And we saw an interesting fact. See Tamil Nadu reminds dry the southwest monsoon season. This is because it is located in the leeward side of the Arabian Sea branch and it is located parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch. So it reminds dry. And after that we ended our discussion by seeing that in the first week of September weakening of low pressure happens over the northwestern parts and this is because of low temperature and this low temperature is caused by the apparent shift of sun towards the equator and the widespread rains have brought down the temperatures. And with this weakening of low pressure area the southwest monsoon starts retreating. And in the end of the southwest monsoon that is in October and November the north east monsoon starts which is also called as the retreating monsoon. And with these points in mind now let us move on to the next article discussion. Now look at this news article. This article is with reference to tomato flu. The article states that Tamil Nadu Health Secretary Radhakrishnan urged the public not to panic about tomato flu amidst the reports of hand food and mild disease in Kerala. See in this context let us learn about the hand food and mild disease and the tomato flu in prelims perspective. Now let's start with the hand food and mild disease. See hand food and mild disease is a wild infection mostly common in young children during winter season. It is a highly contagious infection characterised by a rash on the hands and feet and soles in the mouth. Know that this infection doesn't have any specific treatment and is mostly caused by coxaki virus. Now with this basic information let us see some of the symptoms. See the symptoms include fever, sore throat, rashes with or without blistering on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet and buttocks, lesions of the gum, tongue and inside of the cheeks. These are extremely red and painful blister like lesions and loss of appetite, mood swings and irritability. See the infection usually exists for an incubation period of 3 to 6 days with the first symptom being a fever. A sore throat and a gentle feeling of being unwell follows. A day or two into the infection painful sores begin to develop in the mouth, rashes begin to develop on the hands, feet and buttocks soon after. And know that hand, foot and mouth disease is a common and minor illness that usually requires no treatment as it subsides automatically within a few days. See fever for a few days and other symptoms are relatively mild. However, if the symptoms continue to be seen after 5 to 6 days, it is advisable to consult a trained medical professional for a checkup. See here note that the infection is caused by coxacivirus A16 and it is spread by personal contact with an infected person. So the common denominators for the spread of the infection are by saliva, nasal secretions, throat fluid inhaling the infected air from coughing or sneezing by an infected person. See the infection is widely spread at places like day care centers where diapers are frequently changed and the kits being given potty training. And this happens mostly because children have the habit of putting their hands in their mouth. Though the virus clears itself within a few days, it can stay behind in the body for many more weeks without showing any more symptoms and further affecting the health. In some cases adults are responsible for spreading the virus while they themselves do not exhibit any signs of infection. See with this information about the hand food and mouth disease now let us see how it can be prevented. We have to ensure hygiene and good sanitation washing hands thoroughly will also help disinfecting and staying away from infected people will prevent the hand food and mouth disease. See here please don't confuse this disease with the food and mouth disease. See farm animals are known to contract a similar disease called the food and mouth disease. However it cannot be contracted or transferred to or from the animals. That is it do not transmit to humans. So that's it about the hand food and mouth disease. Now coming to tomato flu. See tomato flu affects children below 5 years of age. The exact cause of the disease is still being debated. As far as we know the symptoms of this flu include rashes, skin irritation and dehydration. According to several reports the flu can also cause tiredness, joint pain, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, sneezing, runny nose, high fever and body ache. In some cases it may also change the color of the legs and hands. See this flu is a self-limiting one and there is no specific drug for this. This means that the symptoms will resolve over time on their own if supportive care is given. Like the other cases of flu tomato flu is also contagious. That is it spreads. So if someone is infected with this flu they need to be kept in isolation as this could spread rapidly from one person to another. See it is essential to prevent children from scratching the blisters caused by the flu. Proper rest and hygiene is also advised. See utensils, clothes and other items used by the infected persons must be sanitized to prevent the flu from spreading. So that is all regarding this news article. In this article discussion we saw about the hand, food and mouth disease which is a viral infection common in young children during winter. It is a highly contagious infection characterized by rash on the hands and feet and sores in the mouth and it is mostly caused by the Causaxe Virals. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, rashes, lesions, loss of appetite, mood swings and irritability. See the incubation period is from 3 to 6 days and it spreads from one person to other by saliva, nasal secretions throat fluid inhaling the infected, yeah. And we saw that to prevent the hand, food and mouth disease we have to ensure hygiene and good sanitation wash hands thoroughly, disinfect and stay away from the infected people.  Food and mouth disease is common in farm animals and after that we saw about the tomato flu which affects the children below 5 years of age the cause is still being debated and the symptoms of the flu include rashes, skin irritation, dehydration, tiredness joint pains, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, coughing, sneezing high fever and body ache. See this flu is a self limiting one and there is no specific drug for this the symptoms will resolve over time the supportive care is given. Like any other flu this is also contagious and it will spread from one person to another. And we saw that proper rest and hygiene is advised and utensils, clothes and other items used by the infected persons must be sanitized. And with these points in mind now let us move on to the next article discussion. See this news article it talks about SEO rats that is Shanghai Cooperation Organizations Regional Anti-Terror Structure. See the news is that the counter terrorism teams from Russia, China, Pakistan and Central Asian countries will gather in Delhi. This is ahead of Shanghai Cooperation Organizations rats meeting. See it is hosted by India from May 16 to 19. And note that this is the first such official discussion to be held in India since the standoff along the line of actual control. That is LAC. So in this context let us learn about SEO in detail which is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and then we will have a brief look at the SEO rats that is Regional Anti-Terror Structure. First of all the Shanghai Cooperation Organization see it is a permanent intergovernmental international organization. Its creation was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai that is in China. It was preceded by Shanghai Five Mechanism. So when did this come into force? See it came into force on 19th September 2003. See its creation was announced on 2001 but it came into force on 2003. Now let us see the organization's main goals. The first goal is to strengthen mutual trust and neighborliness among the member states. The second goal is to promote their effective cooperation in politics, trade, the economy, research, technology and culture. Also that should be effective cooperation in education, energy, transport, tourism, environmental protection etc. The third goal is to make joint efforts to maintain and ensure peace, security and stability in the region. Now coming to the fourth one it is to move towards the establishment of a democratic, fair and rational new international political and economic order. So these are the main goals of organization. Now let us see about the organization's principles. See the SCO pursues its internal policy based on the principles of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, mutual consultations, respect for cultural diversity and a desire for common development. While its external policy is conducted in accordance with the principles of non-alignment non-targeting any third country and openness. So these are about the principles of the organization. Now the most important fact when it comes to the examination is the member states of the Shanghai Corporation organization. The member states includes see SCO comprises of 8 member states. Who are they? They are the Republic of India Republic of Kazakhstan People's Republic of China Kyrgyz Republic Islamic Republic of Pakistan Russian Federation Republic of Tajikistan Republic of Uzbekistan And apart from these 8 member states the SCO has 4 observer states. They are Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Republic of Belarus Islamic Republic of Iran and Mongolia See so far we saw about the establishment main goals, principles and the member states of the organization Now let us see its functioning See the heads of state council that is the HSC is the supreme decision making body in the SCO. It meets once a year and adopts decisions and guidelines on all important matters of the organization And apart from this HSC SCO's heads of government council that is the HGC meets once a year This is to discuss the organization's multilateral cooperation strategy and priority areas to resolve current important economic and other cooperation issues and also to approve the organizations and will budget. See the SCO's official languages are Russian and Chinese In addition to the HSC and HGC meetings there is also a mechanism of meetings at various levels like meetings of heads of the parliament, secretaries of security councils, ministers of foreign affairs and defence etc etc See the organization has 2 important permanent bodies. One is the SCO secretariat which is based in Beijing and the second one is Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure which is a RATS and it is based in Tashkent The SCO's Secretary General and the director of the Executive Committee of the RATS are appointed by the councils of the heads of the state for a term of 3 years And with this basic information about the SCO organization now let us have a brief discussion about the RATS See the agreement on Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure as a permanent SCO body was signed during a meeting of the council of heads of SCO member states which was happened on June 7 2002 in St. Petersburg See SCO RATS had made a significant contribution for combating terrorism, separatism and extremism at regional and global levels As part of the rule making activities the RATS developed SCO conventions on countering terrorism and extremism and these were approved by the council of heads of the SCO's member states. See one of the most effective approaches to achieve its task is holding the annual Joint Anti-Terrorist exercises since the year 2006 and in this they provide practical training on response and interaction of competent authorities like those who provide border services and all these are done to neutralize the terrorist threats and prevent terrorist attacks. See the key outcomes of the RATS activities are reviewed at the annual RATS council meetings and it is reported to the council of heads of SCO member states and thus SCO RATS ensures the security of the SCO member states from transnational crimes associated with terrorism such as illegal migration, trafficking of drugs, weapons explosives etc and with this we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion we saw the establishment of the organization that is Shanghai Cooperation Organization its creation was announced in the year 2001 but it came into force in the year 2003. This organization was preceded by Shanghai Five Mechanism and after that we saw organizations main goals which is to strengthen mutual trust and neighborliness to promote effective cooperation in politics, trade, economy research, technology, culture, education, energy transport, tourism and environmental protection. To make joint efforts to maintain peace, security, stability and to move towards the establishment of democratic fair, rational international, political and economic order. Following that we saw the organization's principles we saw the principles of internal policy which is mutual trust, benefit, equality mutual consultations, respect for cultural diversity and a desire for common development and the principles of external policy is non-alignment, non-targeting any third country and openness and after that we saw eight member states of SCO which includes India, Kachegistan China, Kyrgyzstan Pakistan, Russia Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and the four observer states include Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran and Mongolia. We saw the functioning of SCO which includes Heads of State Council HSC and Heads of Government Council HGC they both meet once a year and they decide on decisions and guidelines and they resolve economic and cooperation issues and we saw SCO's official languages Russian and Chinese and after that we saw about the two permanent bodies of SCO which is SCO secretariat and the Executive Committee of RATS and finally we ended our discussion by seeing some facts about RATS which is the regional anti-terrorist structure of the SCO which came into force in the year 2002 it was established based on the agreement on regional anti-terrorist structure by the Council of Heads of the SCO member states it contributes to combating terrorism, separatism, extremism at the regional and global levels and it ensures security of the SCO member states from transnational crimes associated with terrorism such as illegal migration trafficking of drugs, weapons explosives etc and with these points in mind now let us move on to the next article discussion see this final article here it says that a Buddhist heritage theme park developed by Telangana state tourism development corporation at Nagarjuna Sagar in Nalkonda district is all said to be inaugurated on Saturday see the project was executed with financial assistance from both central and state governments and the theme park was developed to attract local as well as foreign tourists particularly those coming from Saudi station countries see according to the project officials it is divided into 8 segments with an elegant entrance plaza buddha charita vanam, jataka vanam dhyana vanam, stupa vanam maha stupa and also it includes Buddhist education centers such as monasteries, educational institutions a Buddhist art and craft village budget hotels and resorts auditoriums, a convention center and wellness center such as a meditation center and a traditional Buddhist medical center see it is going to be the first theme park in the country having many thematic segments depicting major events from the life of gautama buddha and his previous birth stories and mini-itches to pass and this is the crux of the article given here and in this context let us learn important facts about buddhism from prince perspective see buddhism it is one of the major religions of the world that originated from Indian subcontinent but now it has spread to large parts of east asia the origin of buddhism is attached to the story of siddhartha who came to be known as buddha see the traditions beliefs and practices in buddhism are attributed to buddha and know that it is the world's fourth largest religion after Christianity, Islam and Hinduism and around 7% of the world's population embraces buddhism and now with this basic information about buddhism now let's see about buddha see gautama buddha he was born at lumbini which is in Nepal in 563 BC as siddhartha gautama he was born to queen maya and king sudodhana of second kingdom under shatriya clan after attaining nirvana that is enlightenment in both gaya he gave his first sermon to his five companions at deer park in saarnath near varanasi and this event was called dharma chakra pravartana which is translated as turning the wheel of law see three jewels that is trirathna embraced under the buddhism are buddha he is the enlightened one and dhamma which includes the teachings of buddha and sangha which is the monastic order see buddha he attained maha pari nirvana at kushinagar in utha pradesh at the age of 80 in probably 483 BC he is said to be the contemporary for most of his life to king bimbizara and for the last few years to ajita sattru of harian ka dynasty buddha is known in various buddhist texts also as tathagata and sakya muni see the predecessor of buddha under buddhism was kasapa buddha and his successor will be maitreya see the basic tenets of buddhism are explained through four major noble truths they are the truth of suffering that is dukkha the truth of the origin of suffering that is samudaya and the truth of cessation of suffering that is niroda and finally the truth of path to the cessation of suffering that is marga and it is also said in buddhism that if one gets rid of the desires and needs then one can be free and at peace and this can be attained through following the noble eight fold path and they include right speech, right action right livelihood right effort, right mindfulness right meditation right thoughts, right understanding according to buddha the middle path or the middle way which is the madhyam mar describes the character of the noble eight fold path that leads to liberation see buddhism it rejects the authenticity of vedas and it also rejects the concept of existence of soul unlike jainism see these are the features of buddhism and you should know that once buddha attained mahapari nirvana at kushinagar in 483 BC there was a need to compile his teachings and hence four buddhist councils were held in a span of the next 500 years to combine this material into pitakas see the result was writing of three major pitakas they are vinaya pitaka sutta pitaka and abhidamma pitaka they were combined and are called tri pitaka see all of these have been written in poly language see we saw that four buddhist councils were held and now we will see about those four buddhist councils see here in this table the first buddhist council it took place at rajkya it was held at saptaparni cave immediately after the death of buddha and it happened around 483 BC we saw that buddha attained mahapari nirvana at 483 BC right so this happened immediately after the death of buddha it was patterned by king ajatashatru and the chairman was mahakasyapa see what happened in this council the recital of vinaya pitaka and the recital of sutta pitaka took place now coming to the second council it happened at vaishali it happened in 383 BC see it was patterned by king kalosaka and the chairman was sabakameen see this council happened mainly due to 10 disputed points under vinaya pitaka now coming to the third buddhist council it happened at pataliputra in 250 BC it was patterned by king asoka the chairman was mogaliputta tissa see in this council compilation of abhidham pitaka took place now the final council which is the fourth buddhist council it happened at kundalavana kashmir in 72 AD it was patterned by king kanishka and the chairman was vasumitra see this council only resulted in the division of buddhism into hinayana and mahayana buddhism as we saw in the reign of king kanishka buddhism split into two sects which is hinayana and mahayana buddhism in the later periods it can be found that hinayana school declines and two more new schools under buddhism were born thus four major schools developed under buddhism the first one is hinayana buddhism second one is mahayana buddhism third one is teravada buddhism and the fourth one is vajrayana buddhism see to know more about four schools of buddhism watch the hindu news analysis of the date November 21 2021 it will be helpful for you and with this we have come to the end of the discussion in this article discussion we saw some basic facts about buddhism it originated in indian subcontinent and spread to south east india it is attached to the story of siddhartha and it is the world's fourth largest religion and around 7% of world's population embraces buddhism and we saw the facts about gautama buddha he was born at lumbini 563 BC to queen maya and king sudodhana of the second kingdom after attaining nirvana that is enlightenment in both gaya he gave his first sermon at sarnath this event is called as dharma chakra pravartana turning the wheel of law and after that we saw three jewels the trahirathana embraced under buddhism which includes buddha, dhamma and sangha and after that we saw buddha attaining maha pari nirvana at kushinagar at the age of 80 in uttapra desh in 483 BC see his contemporaries were king bimbizara and ajata satru of harian ka dynasty and we saw that the predecessor of buddha under buddhism was kasapa buddha and his successor will be maitreya and after that we moved on to see four major noble truths which is the truth of suffering dukkha origin of suffering samudaya the truth of cessation of suffering niroda the truth of the path to the cessation of suffering marga and after that we saw noble eightfold path which is right speech right action, right livelihood right effort, right mindfulness right meditation, right thoughts and right understanding see we saw that middle path or the middle way leads to liberation buddhism rejects the authenticity of vedas and it also rejects the concept of existence of soul and after that we moved on to see about four buddhist councils first one happened at rajkir patronaged by king ajata satru chairman maha kasyapa the recital of vinaya pitaka and sutta pitaka took place second buddhist council happened at vaisali in 383 BC patronaged by king kalosaka chairman sabakami mainly happened due to the disputed points under vinaya pitaka third buddhist council happened at padaliputra in 250 BC patronaged by king asoka chairman mogaliputta tissa here in this council compilation of abhidhamma pitaka took place and the final one fourth buddhist council happened at kundalwana kashmir in 72 AD patronaged by king kanishka chairman was vasumatra in this council only buddhism was added into hinayana and mahayana and finally we ended our discussion by seeing four major schools developed under buddhism hinayana buddhism mahayana buddhism teravada buddhism and vajrayana buddhism now with these points in mind now let us move on to the next part of the discussion that is the practice prelims question discussion see today we have five prelims questions for practice I'll solve four of them and I have one quiz question for you now let's take the first question the first question here it is a previous year prelims question asked in the year 2014 it says that the seasonal reversal of winds is the typical characteristic of option A equatorial climate option B meritoranian climate option C monsoon climate and option D all of the above climates see we saw in our discussion itself about this one what is this it is the typical characteristic of monsoon climate so the correct answer here is option C now let us take up the second question it is also a previous year prelims question asked in the year 2012 consider the following statements the duration of the monsoon decreases from the southern India to the northern India and the amount of annual rainfall in the northern plains of India decreases from east to west see first statement here is correct the southern part of India is near to sea so it gets rainfall early and for a longer duration than in the northern part this is mainly because as rain bearing winds cross western gods humidity decreases and so does the rainfall in the northern part of India now coming to the second statement this is also correct this exact statement we saw in our discussion itself so the correct answer here is option C both one and two now taking up the third question with reference to hand food and mouth disease which one of the following statements is not correct so we have to correct statement here option A highly contagious infection it is true it is highly contagious it spreads from one person to another option B caused by coxsacky virus this is also true this we saw in our discussion itself an option C it can be spread by personal contact with an infected person this is absolutely true so we are left with option D only there is an approved vaccine in India to protect against hand food and mouth disease see as of now there is no vaccine to protect against the viruses that cause hand food and mouth disease transmission of disease can be prevented by practicing good hygiene practices so what is the incorrect statement here option D which is also the correct answer now moving on to the next question with reference to Shanghai Cooperation Organization consider the following statements SEO Rajs is a permanent body of Shanghai Cooperation Organization the statement is correct because we saw in our discussion it is a permanent body the other permanent body is SEO secretariat now going to the second statement Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and Iran are among the member states of SEO see this statement is incorrect we saw the member states of SEO right during our discussion who are the member states India Kazakhstan China Kyrgyzstan Pakistan Russia Tajikistan and Uzbekistan see Afghanistan and Iran comes under the observer states we also saw about the observer states of SEO Afghanistan Belarus Iran and Mongolia comprises the observer states of SEO so the correct option here is option A one one Lee now taking up the final question consider the following statements about Buddhism one of the attributes of Buddhism is the belief in the existence of soul statement two Hina and Buddhism believed in the ideal or image worship of Buddha see this is only the quiz question for you try to recall the points that we discussed during the discussion and attempt this question and post your answer in the comment section I have given a main question for your practice so interested aspirants write it and post it in the comment section and if you have any queries related to the articles that we discussed today but also in the comment section and with this we have come to the end if you find the video useful like share and comment and do subscribe to Shankaray's Academy's YouTube channel for further updates thank you


Yeah, he's in his own little world like I was But he had trouble kind of picking up on verbal cues He had trouble on actually not nonverbal cues So so he wasn't aware of how what his effect that was on other kids Also, yeah, and also he was kind of like He liked being on his own, you know, I mean he's he tends to be in his own world in his own imagination Which is good, but it's also a problem if this is private we can edit it out by the way. I don't mind up to you But I know I mean it's fine. He's five. So give me a break, you know, yeah It's important for parents to hear that stuff. I think when you know, yeah when you're five I mean at least four at the time and and and so You know all kids are gonna have some issue and and it's a question of sometimes they all grow it and in other times You know, you you have to first of all the greatest thing I ever heard was Khalil Gibran said your children come through you and not from you So this idea that you know, I mean my son is very much like me, you know, I recognize Certain aspects of his personality where he is on the outside looking in all the time He's well. He has a very strong imagination. So his imagination keeps him company and that was always the case with me So I I know how to foster that or at least leave that alone And then the other things are up to experts. You have to be careful, of course in this world because everybody's an expert Yeah, I've noticed that as well I mean even And doing what we do here going back to what you asked me It's tough because people go what qualifies you and it's like well, I can't really just say I'm not an idiot and the stuff actually works, but I also have a law degree I don't have a degree in nonverbal communication science or psychology So I've been applying all this stuff within our coaching team has been applying all this stuff But we can't point to this piece of paper on the wall But we get people with pieces of paper on the wall going actually, let's try it this way and it's complete bullshit It's just like a theory They came up with that they think maybe should work based on a bunch of books that they read which which is valid in some way But if you test it and it doesn't work, let it go That's right. You got to be responsive to the evidence and you've got a there's got to be measurable You know there's got to be measurable results And so I've always been skeptical of all the psychology, but I have to tell you I've been to I I when you have a when you're married and you're trying to raise kids you you have I have a very different culture than my wife She's like very Germanic and Swedish and I'm very southern Italian and you know grew up in chaos and she grew up in order When you're trying to raise two human beings, you better be on the same page There are experts and we've seen them that get you on the same page I look I spoke to this woman who a betty brawn And she wrote a book called you're not the boss of me in another book. I can't remember but Uh, let me tell you man two sessions with her and she I was doing everything wrong raising my kids My idea of raising my kids was instinct. Uh, do what I say.  I'm a guy I'm I'm gonna raise you the way you know traditionally with discipline and don't talk back blah blah blah And then you get someone like her who's been doing it forever and raised three kids of her own And she goes let let me just here's a couple Ideas.   I watch people play tennis.  Why do I box with Wayne McCulloch? Who's who's a world champion? Am I worthy of that? Am I ever gonna be a great boxer? Of course not But I like learning how to actually fight from a guy who fought who's really good Because technique because you can show me all the shit I'm doing wrong Everything I think is right is wrong Tennis is exactly the same way So I watch guys play in tennis on the court and they're they're playing I can't watch their stroke.  It's the best or or when I when I meet with this woman Betsy Braun She goes, um, you're doing everything wrong And I go, huh? And then she gives me a couple pointers and my communication with my kids Increases seven fold and I'm seven fold more effective Now, why wouldn't you do that in your life? You don't know everything There are people that have studied this stuff that can help you and make shit so much easier and that's What I'm always amazed at it how people just somehow hold on we all do it But they hold on to their way of doing things They don't want help and they hold on to their sort of patterns. Yeah, of course And some of that's ego. I think a lot of it probably maybe even the majority of it is ego Yeah, but let go man. Let it go. I I'm tired. I'm tired of that too. Yeah ego is not working Look, you got to ask yourself. How is it going? Uh, you know, this is like these people who get into relationships where they ensure their own failure They they they date people that are unavailable or they date abusive people or whatever. What are you doing, man? I don't care.  I don't care How old are you?  I don't care I do not care. I want technique. What's it? What's it?   You're not allowed to complain about that particular problem anymore Because we're not even iterating at that point. You're just making the same mistake over and over. I think people like me I think people are comfortable in that.  I have friends will be like, hey, bro I don't think you're working hard enough And I'm 50 and I have friends like that. Yeah, and they're right And it's cold truth, too And you can't and you know you can't get mad at them for saying that because they're the most valuable friends that you have I'm comfortable in all of it. I'm not good at anything. Okay. I mean, I'm good at stand-up But I mean even that like like you're always it's always an adjustment.  That's a fact I don't even know you and I'll tell you that you have any doubts come please That's how long I've been doing stand-up. I have a bag of tricks, right? It's like being a magician. Okay, but Let me tell you as soon as I shoot my special. I got to reinvent myself I got to do it all over again and every time I start. I'm not sure I can I'm like, I don't know Maybe I maybe I've blown my load. Maybe it's no longer funny. Like I can't do any more of this Yeah, for the first like three months. It's rough But that's what's beautiful about it.  You grew up all over the world, right? So you probably had to make new friends all the time Figure out how to go into a new culture all the time. Did you have to learn? Did you learn the languages in the place where you were a little bit of arabic? I spoke french pretty well But I went to international schools which meant that the language was english But you know, you always had friends from everywhere sure But yes, the answer is I became a comic I think if I look back on it, my life was pretty chaotic. I had great parents But it was a very chaotic upbringing, you know, if you compare it to most people because I was moved every Year, you know every year and a half practically remember when I was 31 I put 32 I bought a house and I put um things on the wall And it dawned on me that I'd never put anything on a wall because there was no point There's no there's no there wasn't enough stability to even bother like why decorate this It's literally going to be I don't want to pack this and yeah eight months That's right. So you would be so my father would come home and say, you know I was born in the Philippines and then I lived in Bombay and then Calco which is now Mumbai and then Calcutta and then My sister was born in Bombay and then and then We moved to Lebanon and then we moved to Pakistan and then we moved back to Lebanon And the war broke out. So we got evacuated to Greece and then we lived in Saudi Arabia So when you have a dog or you have you're starting to make friends after a year and your dad comes home and says Guess where we're going? We can either go to the Ivory Coast or Saudi Arabia. You're like, but I but I got my dog and I got my friends and well, you know Sorry, bro. Yeah, and and thank God by the way And the reason I say that is because I had to learn very quickly. I love people So I wanted people to like me.  I was sort of athletic You know and and and that's how you that's how and so I learned how to adapt very quickly So what I finally went to boarding school in massachusetts because my family was still in Saudi Arabia It was nothing for me. It was like, uh, oh new new setting knew nothing Then you have to learn how to kind of like plant roots Yeah, that's uh, how do you even learn that process because for most of us it comes naturally, right? I was born in one place.  This place is defective and then after four months I was like, oh wait, I can do this But it's a hard-ass process and most of the people who were exchange students with me They didn't make it the whole year. They left really. Yeah, it's very tough for people for me. It was the norm so um, and then you start to Embrace that sort of trauma or that fucking trauma such a dramatic word You embrace the chaos and you start to like the idea that something new is around the corner There's a there's discovery, you know Hunter Mots who I do mixed martial art mixed mental arts with said He was talking about alvin toffler I think who wrote a book he's a futurist who said the people in this economy in the 21st century economy are those that are going to learn unlearn and relearn And that's what it's going to take and I don't think it's ever been that different I do think that we are now living in chaos to an extent. I think that we are You know, there there's so many different voices and so many different forces pulling us in all different directions So I think that uh, you better be able to adapt you better be a river and not a pond I agree. I I think it's probably just as it's always been like you said, but the speed is just amped Uh, it's been turned up to 11 from like three in the 80s And that's okay You know if you talk to bodybuilders and you say I want to build muscle The first thing they say is you got to confuse your central nervous system In other words, you can't if you do the same work out every day your body's going to get used to it And you're not going to grow So bodybuilders always know that every time they go into the gym, they're doing something different to confuse this So they're their their central nervous system is always playing catch up In other words, they're not giving their muscles time to be efficient At the exercise because your muscles will learn how to be really efficient and you actually won't put on a lot of muscle So what they do is they constantly confuse their muscles so that they keep tearing them down the body has to keep building them back up It's kind of an interesting metaphor for building armor, you know, or or kind of getting better at something Yeah, if it if it translates, which it seems like it should but it's always it's always easy to assume like well The bodybuilding thing works this way. So maybe the social skills work that way too and it's like well Yeah, maybe Well, you know, listen some things are not linear. Yeah, right. I mean some things aren't uh, Those are the hardest things when you have to be somewhat lateral you have to you know, like um You can get very you can be very disciplined in life and you can win you can be very efficient, right? You can be very efficient and you can be very uh goal oriented and you can Use that line and cross off all your goals.  I feel like a lot of comedians say similar things and it seems like when sort of the environment that you came out of earlier growing up in the Philippines, Saudi Arabia and what was Lebanon among other places Usually comedy From what I'm this is by no means an exhaustive survey comes out of like well I came out of this simple life and now I'm doing comedy in the big city But you kind of came from an even more complex environment and now you're you're coming from the opposite direction I would imagine you probably got a lot of flack coming from banker family moving around internationally And you're like I want to be a comedian and they're like wait Where did we go wrong or like don't do that go to an ivy? Yeah, I knew that too though I knew my poor father and my mother very smart people by the way But but um, I knew that it was going to be very hard for my father because he grew up poor and he grew up And and I reminded him I was a dreamer, right? I he just didn't understand me and he shouldn't have it was not his fault.  I wanted all the attention You know and and I don't blame him. He was just it was for a long time It was very difficult for him until I got mad tv. Yeah, but but again, I I listened to that little voice I knew that if I didn't and if I wasn't and I remember I said to him We were in south bent Indiana to we went and saw a Notre Dame game.  I'm gonna I don't I'm gonna fail at life I don't like myself because I'm doing that now. I was working at Lehman Brothers I said, I don't like myself I'm starting to not like myself because I'm not being honest. Yeah, I have to be an actor and he I could see his face the horror But you know, he's such a wise guy and he said Well, you got my money.  I had to do that I'm gonna pay his rent in New York City So you can focus on theater school and that's what I did. I never had to worry about having a job I I had the luxury Of being able to call my dad when I needed money All the way into my 20s and and But I could go to theater school and I could I could spend time Using my imagination. My father recently said you would have been successful regardless because I'm so driven I don't know if that's true. My personality was always a goal oriented personality I think I was always gonna I always accomplished something right as a wrestler or was that whatever it was I always I I always would find my way. I always wanted to be the guy people were talking about But I don't know if that's true.  No, so he just he just saw really I was I was by the time I said that to him I had already been a pretty good high school wrestler.  But but as a kid I was good I was I was uh, I'd been really good at judo at one tournaments and I'd won a lot of stuff and as a wrestler And I that's a wrestling's a hard sport So he knew that I suck and weight and and I did really well by my senior year So he saw that, you know, he saw my record and he saw and then and then I got my black belt in Taekwondo It's every lot of people have that black belt is not a big deal, but I worked hard for it I mean he could see that I it's just sticking with it for that long Yeah, he could see that I had I would finish everything. I finished college.  He knows it's not this isn't something where you go Man, I'm just so glad I'm working at this investment bank making big changes to the world Like it's it. He's doing it because he grew up poor I imagine and went this is a lot of money and I can have a great life for my family He knew you don't have to do the same thing In fact, it's kind of the next step in the evolution that you don't have to rely so hard On making ends meet that you're working at a job, which maybe he didn't love every day. Oh, man. Yeah I mean listen There was a probably a time when he resented my upbringing because the guy was the greatest father in the world But I never I didn't I didn't know how to Compare him to yeah, you don't have a basis for comparison at all. So he didn't feel appreciated I don't blame him.  I think that's probably there's probably some serious value in there I never heard that before so you grow up thinking that there's um A great deal of deficit in your personality or in your repertoire or in your Your persona in general and so what you do is you say well, I got to do this I gotta do that But in fact and I think that there is a great deal of value in realizing that you know nothing And that everything takes work and and the universe works that way everything takes technique and skill and and daily attendance Okay, so if you want to be good at anything whether it's jujitsu or the piano You better practice every day under good tutelage. Okay, and and certain teachers can really help you make leaps and bounds versus others But you're always going to go through plateaus. You're always going to go through Regressions and then you'll have uh Times when you make incredible progress. Okay, so understand that every day Sometimes nothing happens. Sometimes you regress But that's what happened that day And and anytime you're trying to accomplish something it's one continuous mistake It's always going to be one continuous mistake and keep readjusting your approach until you get a little closer So nothing I don't believe in any I don't believe in any quick fixes. I don't believe in any Um any transformations overnight. I don't believe in any transformations after a year I think that you can make real progress, but just please understand that everything's a verb your relationship your body your Accomplishments, it's all a verb. Nothing's a noun. There's no getting there, right? So within that having said all of that there is it goes back to what we were talking about before You are going to be distracted And you're going to think that you've got to do all these things first before you do that or whatever it might be I believe that mental toughness Comes from learning what not to indulge in So i'm having a bad day You know, uh, my feeling's got hurt over here You can choose you can choose to think about that and indulge that or Or you can choose to not think about that and just take that energy all it is is energy and refocus it on Whatever you want to accomplish. So I I I've been doing the Goldbergs for three years It's been awesome And I they gave me a spin-off Which was my own tv show with tim meadows and neo long and anna gas tire and Olivia octavia spencer was doing the voiceover. I mean we had an all-star cast And these two great kids and it was an incredible pilot with adam goldberg and mark furick who wrote on the family guy I mean it was a an all-star group of people that we did a pilot that tested higher than the goldberg Okay, this is from adam goldberg himself. It tested higher than abc's hit My character at sony tested 58. I think the average sitcom character gets 45. My character was 58 So the whole thing it was all a success. It was the biggest thing in the world You're looking at like a pretty bright dude. It was it was worth a million dollars for me after taxes, okay? It didn't go It just didn't go everything made it and it didn't work out and as an actor at 50 Let me tell you something. You don't get a lot of shots like that where they they make a show around you That might be my only shot so i'm in denver and I get the call Unfortunately, they didn't pick us up So about a long time ago. That would have well not even that long ago. That would have devastated me Or it would have just been such a bummer because I would have thought to myself Maybe this is my I would have asked all the wrong questions. What if this is my last shot, right? What if this will never happen again? What if you know? I dude I I heard the news I went for a walk called a couple people who really wanted to know and gave them the news And then you know what I did I went and worked out like a motherfucker.  No, it's not. It's the business It's like playing a football. I hurt my knee. I'm not going to indulge in my knee It doesn't matter. You just keep moving forward. So I learned what not to think about I learned I learned what not to indulge in how long did that take you? It I'm 50. Yeah forever, which I thought was but it doesn't have to it doesn't have to Thank you. Yeah, I did. I looked at your IMDB and I was like 50 No, that guy isn't 50. This is all messed up And then I looked at the amount of stuff that you've been in And I know how a little bit of how auditioning works here in Hollywood not not very much But I thought if you've been in that much stuff That means you've auditioned for 10 times this amount of stuff. Oh, dude. I've failed I've failed 1 million times in this business over 23 years. So I like your attitude Thank you for talking about how tight my skin is. That's what that was that's what I've been taking Yeah, yeah, but um that but that's the idea that so so so so it took me a long time But it doesn't have to it doesn't have to again.  I don't know. Maybe I was a young uh older 43 And I was like, why didn't I ever think about that? Well, and then I then I extrapolated and I was like everything is a process of deletion Everything is when you write a script. What do you do the huge part is what are you not putting in? So much of thinking is that way so much of thinking so much of learning and getting better at something is just Do what you're told get out of your own way Relax let the racket do all the work when you're boxing. Let let just relax. Let let your arms go You don't stop thinking stop thinking. I think Einstein said thinking is the enemy of perfection I don't like these these platitudes I don't I don't like bumper stickers. Yeah, because it doesn't help you at all We riff on that all the time But there are ideas there are ideas that there are um perspectives and there are Techniques another great technique that I heard Tony Robbins one time said I was going to make fun of him I listened to every one of his tapes because I was writing a tv show about a self-help guru and I ended up becoming like I was like, oh my god, this guy's way too smart to make fun of and he actually had a lot to say Again, I'm very skeptical of the self-help gurus do the work do the job But he said something really interesting said most people have a primary question in their brain And that primary question is usually very unhelpful. It's usually like what if I am I lovable? Yeah, how am I gonna get famous? What if I fail? Yeah, it was not even that I mean, how am I going famous would be a better question. But you know, in other words, that might be the wrong priority But yeah, but you know, people are like, what if I yeah, what if I can't do this? What if I suck what if and he said just reprogram your your your brain to ask a better question Ask an empowering question What action do I have to take today to get closer to who I want to be? Who do I really want to be? It's a huge question Well, what do I really want the end is when you write a script John Truby's book the anatomy of story if you ever write that's what you should read And he said the character is based on, you know, the through line is the character has a desire Character wants something But they give that up in a good movie for what they actually need for what they need. Yeah Yeah, so so what you want versus what you need are two very different things Often some relationship or romance for Hollywood purposes, but it does bring up a good point Why Strive so hard in the acting arena when all the articles all the research is like my heart's in stand-up I love stand-up. I can make money doing stand-up. I make myself feel better from rejection by going to do stand-up Why even bother with all the other stuff? Why why not just focus only on stand-up? Because self-expression Is too fun in many other different forms I because acting has come to me and I love it and I love working with people Especially like on a show like the Goldbergs. They're all hilarious. So and and because I can So I love acting. I love stand-up, which is its own thing. It's a solitary experience But acting is a collaborative experience. So I want both Um, why not? Uh, why do I work hard at my tennis game? Why do I spend a fortune playing paying pros to hit with me and which will never return on that investment monetarily?  I just love Thinking I'm good. I like watching myself get better I love hitting in a way that I never thought was possible And it has nothing to do with anybody watching. It's just that I'm I'm then applying that to boxing like I never thought Three years ago. I was like, I want to learn how to box right?  Sure. Why not focus on stand-up? Maybe I'd be the greatest I don't know who knows when you focus on just one thing and you're obsessive. I'm not that kind of person I don't want to obsess about multiple things at once. I just like I have a lot of different interests You know my podcast all that stuff with physical skills. It sounds like you are with me with like languages and stuff like that I love I'll pick up a new language any excuse that I can and people will always go Why are you taking Chinese lessons and I'm like Well, I like being able to speak Chinese and getting better at Chinese Why do you want to learn how to read the german equivalent of the new yorker and native german?   I want to be able to hit like that.   So I I addressed it Would you like that as a kid though, too? Was it like all right? I got to keep going in this direction Or was it just no probably I probably was I mean if I think back on it. I was I didn't have the opportunity.  Yeah, I would imagine. Yeah, given what's going on here I feel like that's accurate. Yeah, and so I I I wanted to be um a guy I watched these two kids fight and I was they were big and strong And I said I wouldn't know what to do and it bothered me that I was afraid And that I that I didn't know how to defend myself So the first thing I did 14 years old I went to boarding school and I joined the wrestling team Terrified but I had had judo experience I knew how to do things, but it didn't help me in wrestling And I remember running stairs and I was this skinny. I think I wrestled at 110 pounds at 14 or even lighter. But yeah, so the the point is that You know, you you sometimes you do things because there's a deficit.  I work out and I look in the mirror naked Hoping something is going to change Oh, it'll change. Yeah, it'll change man. That's right. That's what I hear seriously.  Yeah, of course you want to get better.  Nothing I'm probably just going to speak german sometimes mostly to you and they go So you want to learn how to do complicated kind of like reading on philosophy or political science That even germans are like, uh, it's it's you know, it's a hitter.    I promise you I promise you that your career will get better regardless your life will your life will And maybe you know when I stopped trying and when I stopped looking Things started happening for me Do you think it's because you stopped looking so hard or do you think it's because you started to focus on other things? I don't know. I don't know. I wish I had a formula for it. I do. I think that it just maybe was um It created an open mindset. It created a creative mindset It just got me excited and passionate that I I that I don't have enough time in the day That I mean the joy I get from again working. I think about this like working on my stroke in tennis It's ridiculous, but it's exactly like the german thing. Yeah, it has absolutely no bearing on the physical world I'm never going to be able to you know, I just Love surprising myself that that's what matters. I like surprising myself.  I got to figure out how to do this So I went in the first four lessons. I probably said I hate every minute of this Every five minutes and the teacher was like I'm just gonna suffer with this guy or suffer this guy Is it are you doing ballroom or salsa? It was ballroom. Yeah, I did salsa and and that's and and I'll tell you right now Like I went through this dance classes and I hated it hated it hated it hated it And then in class number five or six out of 13 or 12 I went oh I can do this and I'm getting better at it and my growth curve hockey sticked up to where the teacher went I've never seen a transformation like this. You actually like dancing You can do it and I remember going home and thinking this is something I literally thought in my whole life I would always avoid and never do And now I enjoy it. I'm not trying to be a competitive ballroom day. No, but I get it I get it. We're on the same page. It's awesome.  Well, he's a he's a professor both at oxford and at georgetown He's retired now and he has this incredible series called the greatest ideas in philosophy and um, he talks about how this There are plenty of examples of mathematicians who, you know, spend their lifetime in a room Trying to come up with a great sort of An impossible equation and in fact sometimes when you deal in theoretical math the You know, even the question itself like does this equation exist even that's Something that has to be proved. Sometimes the question has to be proved, right? I mean, they're dealing with very heavy theoretical It's not as the answer is 350 pages long Yeah Anyway, so this guy sits in a room all day and and comes out and says, um, I've thought up this theoretical Mathemat this equation. I think I've given I've got the answer it bears no Relevance on the physical world, but oh by the way, I'm gonna die now And he dies and so there it is it sits in a book And then about a hundred years later when they're trying to put a rover on mars or whatever Or they're trying to mine for minerals at the bottom of the sea eight miles deep That mathematical equation turns out to be directly relevant to the physical process of getting that drill eight miles down Or that rover on mars or whatever And that's what I think is incredible. That is incredible that eventually this metaphysical idea That originated in someone's brain that came to him in a dream in 1873 Uh now in 2017 bears direct relevance to the physical world Well, the the question that he had answered Didn't exist yet So he just put it in a book and then went to sleep and never woke up and now it's now what does that tell you about You know God or whatever you want to say. Yeah human potential isn't is incredible. Well, it's incredible, right? So so what does that tell you about all of it? Maybe we're just here to maybe these these answers have always existed and we're just here to discover them Sure to sort of like that's the other one the other way I think about creation is like I've said this a thousand times I repeat myself a lot, but flannery flannery o'connor who died of ms at 30 39 in the 30s great writer short stories and she um She said I sit at my typewriter every morning not to write but in case something happens So the idea is that if you're in the process if you're in the business of self expression Whether you're a writer whether you're a musician or a painter or whatever it might be an actor I don't know that Whatever comes with all the accomplishment matters. I think what matters is that You keep showing up and you keep seeing what works itself through you What is is the story that you're writing it already exists? Maybe it's up to you to show up every day until it keeps revealing itself to you piece by piece I think that's a good way to look at art. I think it's a good way to look at your life I think that you keep showing up and you keep taking honest actions and you keep telling yourself the truth and Slowly but surely you will put yourself together the way you are supposed to be And um, that's maybe my philosophy I'd like that. I think for a lot of folks out there, especially younger people they go Okay, that's great. And I'll probably think that way when I'm 52 But right now Where do I even begin like there's a lot of people? So I'll quote jordan peterson jordan peterson who everybody should listen to on joe rogan's podcast. He did two of them He said start by telling the truth And and I think there's a lot of truth that he said first of all Don't try to try to change the world and the economy. You have no business doing that.   How clean is your room? How clean are you? How clean is your how clean are you? Are you taking care of yourself? Worry about yourself, bro. Worry about your circle you Are you in order get yourself in order? He's got this thing the self-authoring thing. That's very interesting Yeah, that's so we use a lot of that at a and c all it's amazing get yourself in order Get yourself together stop trying to change the world stop trying to you know, you don't know anything I understand that you know, this is idea to protest and stuff and there are things worthy of protest I get it get yourself in order and you'll have something to say and and I think that that's that's So so what do I say to young people learn what not to think about and sit down and ask yourself If you don't know what you want to do Ask yourself what you'd like people to say about you and maybe Maybe dream and see what what it is Investigate broaden your passion learn about what it is to be Um a journalist or learn what it is what the reality behind being an actor is or what are you really after? Ask yourself those questions. It's it's important and if you don't even know that man I believe in accomplishment.  There's no difference between piano and jujitsu There's no difference in what happens to your brain and what happens to you as a person I don't care if it's a soft art or a hard art I think a lot of people they When they shore up these little weaknesses or these perceived weaknesses, which a lot of people they kind of they kind of Nay that they're like, oh, you know, we'll just focus on what you want to be great at forget everything else I don't I agree with you. I don't really believe in that because I think when you start Taking care of those areas that are bugging you it frees up bandwidth in the background You know, if you think oh, you know, I'm walking around. I'm a little bit in fear I get intimidated by people so you do the jujitsu thing or the judo thing or whatever You don't have to worry about that anymore other things start to unlock in your brain and in your psyche and you meet people Well, yeah, and you meet interesting like-minded people who are motivated and you'll make really good friends That's the other thing you'll create a community Which is so important and so underrated. Oh my god having a community I don't have any friends. Good.    What a blast. Yeah, something that's not serious I know if the there's a 50 year old woman who was they were talking about who's as good as anybody right now She just said I'm gonna be good. She's 55 now started at 50 and she's so good in the drums So good and plays like every song. It's possible It's just and she just started for the hell of it. Yes 50. I always want to play the drums So she's like and I have time so she practiced three hours a day not that hard on the drums It just becomes addictive now. She plays in bands and she's so good. Do you play an instrument? I take drums You take drums as well. The answer is no But the answer is no Yeah What is your creative process look like when you're trying to create stuff? You said at one point you sat down after a frustrating rejection You started writing you stuff you obviously you can't just rely on Getting rejected harshly For creativity that would be a miserable way to do it Do you have ways that you kind of get inspired by that or does it just happen? I mean, uh, it's sometimes it's very difficult. So I I I don't have any uh sacred space for work So I think work is a mindset So, um, I learned how to start writing just right now So so I'm looking at you and I'm gonna look over at that camera That's that's the difference between work here. I'm talking to you and here's work Like do you understand what I mean? So all I'm doing is I'm talking to you and now I have to think about I have to solve a problem Really creativity is solving problems, right? You gotta you try to solve a problem if you're writing a story you gotta How do I get my character out of this corner? Let for example, I'm just gonna look over here and start thinking about the character I'm not gonna put anything on it. I'm not gonna put anything on it I'm not gonna wait till the temperature in the room where I've eaten or the dishes are out of the sink I'm just gonna start daydreaming.  You're like, what are you doing? I'll do that for like a half hour It's my practice. Sure. So my creative process is um Is I just I just start I don't put anything on it Are you developing the same kind of intensity right now in your kids or trying to at all? You know, you have to be very careful with that So what I do is with my children is I I never um, so when I watch my daughter play tennis and She's nine. She's an athlete, but she's intense in your son. How old is he my son's five my daughter's intense My daughter is very competitive with herself Where does that come from? Not from me. It comes from my mother. I'm not a competitive. I'm not competitive Like I've never I don't have to win that I've never thought that that's maybe that hurts me, but It's more personal with me, but but um, she is you know, the other day she was playing tennis and she was she was having a meltdown She was like But she wouldn't quit she kept hitting she kept hitting so I say to her Like usually I'll say and I read this in a book. I'll say I think it was in the talent code, which is an amazing recoil. Yes, and I'll say um I love watching you play I could just watch you play all day and I don't give her any advice I let the teacher do that I don't want to be an overbearing father and I don't want to be a trophy dad And I have to let her find her way, but what I can do is create Like an inspiring and fun atmosphere So I'll go I love watching you play and then she had their meltdown and I sat down next time I go I gotta tell you man. I'm so impressed with you.  It was nuts. How'd you do that? How did you do that?  He's tired But but he he got 10 in a row toward the end. It was a 10 minute 15 minute lesson So I can handle but I was like, I can't believe you got better on the end How did you do that at the end like you were like playing around then at the end you got 10 in a row That's unbelievable to me And so I just kind of marvel at how great they are and then I'll say to my wife when they're there and they can hear me but they think I'm not I'll be like I gotta tell you man Stella her focus and her she just doesn't quit. It's the craziest thing I've ever seen She was having a meltdown and she still wouldn't quit and she was getting and she did better in her last one Even though I could never do that the same thing with my son. So I create a mythology sure great That's I love that idea I think a lot of people try to directly program their kids with Like here's why this is important and here's why you need to do this And it just ends up coming out in adulthood in all these weird ass ways even People wonder why teenagers are all screwed up all the time and half of it's that childhood programming Just kind of starting to rot and crack. So it goes back to what we were talking about in the beginning There's a way to do things and that technique doesn't work as well as And I didn't know how to do what I'm talking about. I just talk to people who are experts I don't doesn't my ideas. I'm not smart.  I was like, that's that's how you do it There's a way to be more effective. You can teach a kid how to ride a bike and swim That fast or you can take three years And I don't believe in I don't believe in any way in uh being a tyrant. I don't believe in domination Um, I think it's all a lie and I'm a pretty dominant Alpha or I'm an a type a personality You know, or at least I talk a big game But but you know, I do I'll talk about being is if I'm around a bunch of comedians or people who've never fought before You should hear me talk about boxing and wrestling. I'm a tough guy When I'm around real fighters friends of mine who are real fighters.  I know the difference I know that but But the point is that you have to be aware of that And you have to know that You're not a tough guy no matter who you are Your connor mcgregor is a real tough guy. He's a great mma fighter around chris wideman or brennan schaub or cain valazquez He is a monkey Compared to those apes, you know what i'm saying? There's a pecking order in life. Yeah, sure and and and so So don't think you're tough. I I hate a bully and I hate men who try to impose their will and dominate It doesn't work. It's it's it's artificial. It's an artificial thing.  He's the best connor mcgregor is a very humble man Conor mcgregor is also a really good guy now. I know that from people who know him I've only met him once he did my podcast once but that's not a good gauge I know people that know him and I've seen how he behaves in defeat and in victory And people love that guy and he's great to his team. He's great to people He's a very very good man And um, I'm not to mention great and courageous. I mean he's greatness But and I love the guy, but but yes, you're right. He's not he may come across as cocky But nobody works harder I said to him I go, what's your what's your where do you get your confidence? He goes I work harder than anybody else I said everybody works hard. He goes they think they do they don't And you know, whether or not that's true that guy I can promise you he puts in the work and And again, I think I think it's because connor's so honest with himself Like he knows when he steps in that octagon. He's done everything he can He's done everything he can and he's gonna do everything he can and there's something about that It's a little scary though because it's always scary if you then fail you can't go. Well, you know, I didn't really focus on nobody braver than that guy Dude, he puts himself on the line.  He's what you have to understand like I I've I've met I've spent enough time with him and Nate Diaz Nate's a big dude. Nate's a big man connor's much shorter than me connor's maybe five nine one sixty five How tall are you? I'm almost six feet.  He's not big enough for Nate. Nate's just too big. He hits too hard.  Don't let him do it. This is his ego. He comes in and he beats him up Knocks him down three times. I think in a in a war in a war, of course, Nate gave it back But this guy is this guy is amazing. If you understand what kind of guts that takes I mean, it's incredible and and you know There are guys. I don't want to see him fight kabeeb nigger met off I don't want to see him. I would never have wanted to see him fight frankie.  He's bigger.   It's like some ices. Yes here They get in there and they're like all of a sudden they're in their head. All of a sudden they're rushing All of a sudden they're not throwing all of a sudden they're they're they're forgetting to circle left or they're forgetting to circle right And they're forgetting their whole game plan. Yeah, they're buying the albras was like I knew I was supposed to do this And I forgot it because the won the lights and everything and that guy who embraces That that role and takes the responsibility on full heartedly of being great So much I think of being great like I'll leave to talk about that Ali said I'm the greatest in the world. Well, he said I'm scared to death every time I get in there I'm talking to myself On that's that's to me He was putting himself in a trance When sonny listen when he was in that way in sonny listen Sonny thought he was actually crazy sonny thought he was gonna bite him Because because ali's pulse he was he kept trying to get at him And he was screaming and then sonny was like this dude's crazy, man Like I'm afraid of him. I think he might bite me Do you understand so so ali ali worked himself up into a like a trance. Yeah, but it was for him You know not not for anybody else. He had to do that for himself because guess what? He was terrified. I don't know and I know some great fighters personally I don't know a fighter Who's not terrified when they walk in that that that octagon? I know a couple who might not be but maybe they're not smart enough to be Self aware enough to yeah that are actually scared, but I know the baddest guys on the planet from donald serone They're all terrified Is there anything that you looking back and I mean you've you're you're on tv You're doing great in pretty much every arena of your life right now even in your relationships and with your kids and in bed That's what that's the rumor. Sorry. That's the rumor Is there anything that you've looked back on from the last 50 years and go? I wasted so much time on that whether it's a thought process or a skill relationship. Yeah Well, okay fine. Yeah, yeah, honestly. Yeah Yeah, I mean my my regret is I just didn't work hard enough at a lot of things maybe but maybe that's because I was supposed to Just be a comic I work hard at that Yeah, I think it's it's easy to look at my law career and go You know if I'd worked a little harder I could still be a lawyer and it's like That would be awful I don't want that. That's how I feel like I like I always say I should have wrestled in in college But I guess okay, so I would have wrestled in college. All right Dot dot mma And yeah, and that would have been I could have said I wrestled d1 in college at american university. Okay cool brah And I probably was then and then I'd probably be sitting here saying and I'd have cauliflower ears And I'd say yeah, I wrestled in college and I had a 500 career or whatever it was Yeah, and and I said I wish I had worked a little harder Whatever I would have said and then I would probably have the regret that I didn't take Drumming or the piano. Yeah, or I didn't or I didn't act enough or whatever the fuck it was I think I always have And you know and I bet you wanting to wrestle is I had the motivation behind that is wrong It's just would be because I want to say I wrestled So you thought I was a little tougher than I polish that trophy on the mantle one more Yeah, I want people I would want people to think I'm a little tougher than I am that that that's that's a that's a That's a Not a reason to do something I've well, yeah, I can't I couldn't agree more on that I think a lot of people look at opportunity cost and they go well shoot Should I also be focusing on that the reason I'm drawing this distinction is because you and I are talking about Shoring up weakness competing with yourself to get these new skills that aren't even that useful Well or it could be useful, but aren't ever going to be our career for example And I want to be really clear that you don't have to go around Learning and mastering every single thing that you might be interested in or that you should think that you're interested in because you will drive yourself That shit crazy doing it also keep in mind that getting good at one thing is the same as getting good at anything So the process you go through to get really good at tennis or boxing or piano or or german I mean there are differences, of course, but You will glean a great deal from any endeavor that you try to get really good at you. You'll have to confront deficits in your own personality in your own belief system and even in your What you are afraid of You know, you'll have to confront all those things to get better and to make the next step I believe that and I think that um There's a great book by josh weights can call the art of learning And he got really good at jujitsu and he was a chess master and he said when he was playing chess He was practicing jujitsu and he was practicing jujitsu. He was getting better at chess There's a there's a mindset that that sort of can transfer Yeah, and connecting lessons from one thing to another accomplishment learning how to accomplish learning how to learn is Is the point and again maybe also Leaving with a deeper understanding and which may be another way of saying you have more wisdom I think people that have accomplished things and and come up against themselves Develop wisdom. You can always tell when somebody's wise. You end up asking questions You end up feeling more comfortable in their presence, right? Sure wisdom is uh must be earned Wisdom is not something that's given to you and I think wisdom also is part of you know, maybe The the manifestation of coming to terms with your own limitations and and and accepting them being a person who's sort of I don't know if this is the right phrase but like addicted to accomplishment in many ways and and always going after something and always Working on something. Is there any advice that you might give to somebody to let go of something? That's not serving them because it's really easy to go. No and now I can't give up I just heard jordan and brian talk about getting these skills done and working super hard So that goes back to telling the truth. Yeah, that goes back to saying see again What did I just say about wrestling? I want to be a wrestler probably for the wrong reasons So I could be a little bit more accepted in the group of mma fighters. I I admire a little more street Yeah, or or just uh Or just you know having stories about being a wrestler and maybe I would have then gone on to get my black belt and jujitsu I think all of those things are probably if I'm really honest with myself for the wrong reasons I think I was jujitsu is a beautiful art and I and I actually should have gotten my black belt and jujitsu instead of my Blue belt, um, but by the time I came to it. I didn't care as much. I just didn't it just I just uh, I was too busy. I I had enough trouble getting good at stand up and An acting took a lot of my time and failing at that. I don't know I don't know the answer but I but I think um What I'm saying is be honest with yourself be honest with yourself man. First of all Do you have the skill deep? I'm never going to run punts back in the NFL Okay, yeah, I'm never going to be a great singer.  That's why I started doing stand up I was never going to be Christopher Walken and this great actor You know, I've had great moments on stage and in acting class But I was funny and I knew I was funny and I'd always been funny Then I learned how to really become professionally funny That was the path.  Look at that What advice would you give that kid? So there was a guy who I was writing with briefly and he had a um I'm not kidding. We were writing he was writing the script and I saw a note above his Like typewriter his computer had said Think of all the houses cars and bitches. You're gonna get when you finish the script And I'm not exaggerating Of course, nothing ever happened for him.  I mean somebody in my acting class.  Oh, man. They'd make a dream board Don't get me started on these with these uh affirmations.  No, I think it's high tech procrastination It is and I think you're you're again.  I get it. I do too.  I couldn't sleep When I listened to johnny 99 the live version of springsteen And then I started got into springsteen and listened to greetings from asbury park and that poetry He was writing when he was in his 20s I've never been the same bro It had not the feeling the overwhelming feeling of I guess a combination of joy and sadness that great art fills you with or that sort of glory the thing that makes you Cry you're not sad, but you're crying You know that makes you feel overwhelmingly generous That makes you feel like That's called inspiration. That's a religious experience, man. It's a mystical religious experience That's what changed my life Those were those seminal moments where I said if I don't get close to this feeling If I can't somehow get my fingers Wet dip my toe in this sacred pool Then I'm gonna die man.  I was terrified of regret And terrified of wasting my life That's where the motivation should come from Because you have to do this for the sake of its own doing. What did schiller say? Man is never more himself than when at play play being that what you do for its own sake That's what Motivates me. When did you have that experience because I think there's a lot of people listening right now that are going Oh, shit. I've never had that What am I gonna? Yes, you have First of all if you think about it and if you haven't go get it What what I mean look and it's not for everyone art is not for everyone Not everybody's creative and there's nothing wrong with that. Let me tell you something right now We need good nurses. We need good teachers and being teach being a teacher is creative We need good nurses. We need good. There are people that do work Good cops good police officers who know the difference We need these people firefighters.    That's another thing so You know, you can find great fulfillment. Oh my god You can find great fulfillment in the example you set for your Community and the example you set for your children It's your example I mean Those are the people I admire and they're as good as anybody and they and by the way By the way, they have as much an understanding or more Than anybody I know in new york or la and i'm not saying that I'm not just saying that there are farmers that I've met And they have a deeper understanding of life Than anybody on wall street.  That's a that's a that's an objective truth so That's what I would say This is really becoming this motivational seminar But maybe i'm 50 and i'm I'm just trying to get people not to make the only reason I feel qualified to say this is I've made more mistakes than most people Who are younger than me. Well, that's fine. And that's great That's what one of the reasons one of the things we do on this show is try to get People's wisdom out of them and to be honest, you're doing you came in ready for action Obviously But I'd like to think that we we came in guns blazing on getting some of this out because I think it's really easy to look at A lot of folks who are successful and think I just have to work hard on this or look at a lot of folks and go I just have to keep at it or I just have to continue or I'm never that going to be that intense or I can't do this Or I'm not born with the raw talent. There's a million little things that go on and Very rarely do you find somebody who has accomplished As much as you have that also has a level of self-awareness that is able to explain How they got there or at least how they think they got there. Yeah, well, okay. Good. I hope I'm helpful Absolutely, man. Thank you so much for coming. Is there anything I haven't asked you that you're not good I I I just knew that hunter told me I had this podcast and I'm glad I did He had good things to say about you. I'm glad I got him fooled if no one else Thanks so much, man. Thank you