Yes, we're live it's alive This is gonna be the best Tuesday yet, they just get better every Recorded or even known history like yes forever not just for DTNS. I mean just it for Tuesday world with a world Man, I I definitely made I didn't make I don't really make New Year's resolutions But the one thing I've tried this year to start doing is Say positive things on social media and not not get into the morass Why did I even write that up? I? Didn't hear because I was making sure pixels was that's okay live Alive Sorry, I derailed it. No, it's fine You should be the science. No, I was just saying I've made a commitment to try to say positive things To lose some 10 unwanted and unnecessary pounds off my body Through physical means and not necessarily cutting it off in the surgical procedure Good man well Anything else before we get ready. Do you have any questions Patrick? So what is this show about exactly? It's about Cooking recipes like When to use acorns in your recipes and when not e-corns But you have to do something to it to take the bitterness out of the e-corns Do do you consider apples to be a substitute for meat? No, I don't I I'm sure at some point Yeah, I might oh, are you asking me? I thought you were asking Roger. I was answering your question.  I was talking about cooking with acorns and apples Yeah, I heard to Roger Roger Roger doesn't know what that means I don't know what it means. I was I was maybe not entirely Possibly Facebook is messy. What's happening? Yikes Well, it's fine. It's just it's about two girls a guy in a pizza place says beds in the chair one of them went on to do great things because he's What's his name Patrick Beja? Yeah Let's just Ryan something it's a Ryan so it's a Ryan Johnson block Yeah, that's the Deadpool guy. Oh, I can't remember any case. I'm hiding. All right. Here we go Are you in your state of born this? Oh? Well played. Yes, I am Here we go Daily Tech news show is powered by you the audience to find out more head to Daily Tech news show comm slash support This is the Daily Tech news for Tuesday, March 21st 2017. I'm Tom Merritt Patrick Beja Alongside how fair ye Patrick? well, so I'm okay, but as the viewers from the live stream and the video Version can see my hair is uncharacteristically Not looking great and that you having a bad hair day Patrick Well, it's more like I didn't go to the hairdresser for a while So I'm guessing you know, it's not like it's not a good haircut, but it's like a not good good hair Can not condition. Yes, if the condition is that it's too long. So there you go It's starting to move off into various it's trying to colonize other parts of your house And that is the extent of the conversation that will not be about tech because from now on this entire show We'll talk about tech Absolutely, in fact, we're gonna talk about the new reddit profiles They're gonna let you post directly to your profile and we have some thoughts on what that means Well, let's start off with a few tech things you should know Twitter said Tuesday it has suspended 636,000 accounts in a crackdown on violet extremism it also by the way, that's violent not violet Extremism they're not prejudiced against purple. No one likes violet extremism either any color Twitter also announced its periscope producer API which talked about a lot last week is it's for real Let you live stream from four pro media partners including Mevo and Wirecast Apple is offering a preview of clips coming in April which will let users edit together short videos and photos for sharing on social networks Including automatic captions using text to speech People speech to text you get that to talk if you talk they make the captions. Yeah, right. No, it's pretty cool In 30 US cities you can now speak to your Amazon echo or fire device and ask it to buy something on prime now And have it delivered in two hours So, you know if your PlayStation controller breaks or or you need diapers There's all kinds of reasons you might need but only those two cases though. That's no, no, no, that's Now here are some more top stories Google released a developer preview version of Android oh at developer dot android calm Android Oh will clamp down on background processes particularly implicit broadcast background services and location updates in an effort to improve Battery life in addition apps can now group notifications into categories called channels notifications will also get new visuals and grouping you'll get a snooze option for a notification So it's not either click it or don't click it. You can say remind me about this later There are also improvements to Bluetooth sound adaptive icons so the icons can change based on the theme picture-in-picture for video Multi-display support keyboard navigation with the arrow keys an autofill API that'll help password managers Android oh in its current state works on the Nexus 5x the 6p and the Nexus player as well as the pixel pixel XL and pixel C We expect we'll get more about this at Google I.O. Which comes out May 17th through the 19th like I don't know Maybe we'll find out if it's gonna be Android Oreo oh That's exactly what I was gonna say really that what else can it be really I mean it could be The one thing it would be right to be is that right? I mean I'm trying to think of other desserts that are oh That's mainly I'm sure there are some but you know even more importantly if that's even possible First of all it feels like Nugget came out like three days ago and and Maybe it's because they're not Making a big deal out of the new versions of the OS which is I guess you know if they were making a big deal We would be saying like ah, you know, it's not that big a deal It's like we're on autopilot on new OS revisions for smartphones now They're mature and it's a little bit of tweaking here and there and now that they're not it's like But I kind of it feels like it's less important than it should be Yes, I'm honored pattern of Microsoft and Apple is big announcement Then developer preview then another big announcement then consumers get it and what Google's doing is Developer preview then we'll have a big announcement and then consumers will get it So you're just you're just out of the pattern. That's all I guess But even the big announcement doesn't feel like you know the newness in in the media world is Important too and when they do the big announcement for something that has basically been available to you know developers but to the public for a couple of months, it's less of a big deal and This is you know, maybe a very minor Grip but Yeah, it's also also it might be and maybe I'm reading too much into this It might be because in the Android ecosystem You don't really get as big of it Well, you get a very much smaller release of the new version of the OS for the installed base then you do on other On other types of devices including PCs So maybe that's part of the the reason they're doing it Yeah, it doesn't come to all the devices at once is what you're trying to say, right? Well, it doesn't come to all the devices at once and even you know on the installed base a very small portion of The install base gets it ever gets the latest version of the OS So well, then you start getting into the fragmentation arguments and people start throwing poop at each other So that you'd rather not go too far down that road, but but I get what you're saying which is When Windows comes out with new Windows, they work very hard to push it to everybody Not everybody and installs the new Windows either like that's it's no different there with iOS Not everybody installs the new s but certainly a higher percentage than than others do because Apple owns that entire ecosystem And they can they can do everything because it's all their hardware. It's not running on anything else Well, but we're the early is a little earlier start complaining about that This is a developer preview edition and and you're you're skipping right past the really cool Notifications stuff here, which I know is a huge headline grabbing But snoozing notifications is something I absolutely want on my pixel C and that we will get on iOS at some point in the future when we will learn that Apple invented it But yes, there are a couple of interesting things in there as well I think we'll be we'll have a chance to talk about it when it's new when they announce it at Google I O in a couple of months. Yeah, probably Apple refreshed several products Tuesday morning. The iPad Air 2 has been replaced by a new 7.9.7 inch tablet simply called iPad It's a little thicker and heavier and heavier than the air was Has the 64-bit a 9 chip and starts at a cheaper 329 329 dollars for 32 gigabytes Gigabytes. Yes, not gigabits gigabytes Apple also unveiled matte red versions of the iPhone 7 and 7 plus available in the 128 gigabytes and 156 Gigabyte sizes starting March 24 a portion of the sales go to the global fund for fight to fight HIV AIDS and finally the iPhone SE now has a 32 gigabyte version and a 128 gigabyte version for $399 and $499 respectively replacing the 16 and 64 gigabytes You know the problem with Apple is they just make these changes and they don't have a big announcement So I don't get excited about it Patrick Well, I would say that these changes are really minor and they don't really warrant much of a discussion I mean go going back to 2005 I think is when the u2 remember the u2 red version of the iPod came out Apple generally doesn't make big announcements out of its red versions of products It just it just puts them out there So that that part of this isn't a surprise changing this the storage size of the iPhone SE that doesn't warrant a big announcement either Well, the cool thing is that the 16 gigabytes is a thing of the past which yeah, yeah That's a that's a big step and it's an expected step and I'm glad that they've taken that step Though the only one and none of these are really announcement worthy I agree with you the one that does confuse me is replacing the iPad Air 2 With a thicker version of the iPad So it's 64 bit that makes sense. You want to upgrade the chip. It's cheaper. That makes sense You know, you're gonna have more expensive iPad pros and probably gonna refresh those before this year is out for sure But why wouldn't you just come out with a new iPad Air? body what why the nine point why why the bigger thicker iPad that well just puzzles me so It's thicker than the iPad Air 2 but it's about us as thick as the iPad Air 1 which is already kind of thin like really thin I'm guessing this is I'm you know, this is guesswork at this point, but I'm guessing Maybe the iPad Air the iPad Pro Might be thinner than this version artificially possibly because they are making this one a little bit thicker But they can say the pro is actually the thinnest version or they're gonna come up with another iPad Air at some point And but that's a little bit more convoluted All right Speaking of something that people are trying to make sense of the US Department of Homeland Security announced the passengers on flights to the United States from eight Countries will no longer be allowed to carry electronic devices larger than a smartphone Into the passenger cabin if you got a tablet or something larger You're gonna have to check it the ban affects nine airlines across ten airports It's only direct flights to the United States from Jordan, Qatar, Kuwait, Morocco, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Turkey and UK has announced that direct flights to the United Kingdom from Egypt Tunisia Jordan Lebanon Saudi Arabia and Turkey will have similar restrictions on Electronics that are larger than 16 centimeters long 9.3 centimeters wide and 1.5 centimeters deep or larger Now this this could be just a an update like hey folks if you're carrying electronics That you need to know this if you're flying from these places to these places except other than saying that What we already know which is sometimes people try to hide explosives and consumer devices There is no apparent reason for the change in policy here So the way I understood it was I mean initially when I saw it. I was a little bit I I can say, you know, I had an adverse reaction to this it feels arbitrary and and kind of You know an extension of some policies, which I'm not necessarily in favor of But when I looked a little bit deeper into this it does look like this is motivated by some work on the ground by Information services and you know information the information community and the serve, you know surveillance community but that that estimates that these countries are being the the theater of potential actions that could take place in basically attacks on planes and what they're saying is that those Places specifically those airports don't have the adequate Security measures to ensure that If something happens like if something like this happens, it would be detected and stopped so maybe they're being targeted by terrorist organizations as weak points in the In the you know airport network that they can get into the system from and they they're even saying that if you Have a stopover at another airport that has satisfactory security Checkpoints, then you can use them at though, you know, you can actually from that point onward Yeah, I find it odd that Turkey is in this list. Istanbul airport has a You know, I have never seen mentioned as a place with inadequate security Hmm. Well, I mean, obviously, I don't know the specifics. So maybe we would need to look into this specifically The explanation beyond the simple headline made sense to me But you know, I think it is definitely a measure that is unusual a little bit Strong definitely stronger than what we've seen in the past. So it might warrant a little bit more investigation, but the way it was put after, you know, my Original anger made a little bit more sense The odd thing about it is that usually if it's in response to a credible threat They say so and maybe in this case, there is a very good reason why they don't want to say so and that's perfectly possible Yeah, they're not being specific, but they did mention that there was well, yeah No, but that they said the same thing they say about any policy, right? There's nothing on you. There's nothing new that says, oh, we're changing it because we have specific credible threat Or there's new information. No, they just said what we already already know, which is sometimes explosives are hidden in consumer electronics So it does I mean if you want to be a conspiracy theorist, it could look like an attempt to inconvenience a certain number of people but these You know on the other hand It could it could be that they have information and they don't want to tip their hand by saying we have credible information Although I don't I don't see why this wouldn't tip their hand just the fact that they're doing it at all, right? It is certainly going to be an inconvenience for people who are Abiding by the law because these are long flights, especially the United States Yeah, and there's another aspect to this which some people pointed out Maybe with their tinfoil hats on and maybe not Is the fact that if you do have to check those devices in then they become a lot easier to bug and So, you know, maybe that's something to keep in mind because the checker they're out of your view during the check Search, that's as well. They can very easily be in the luggage area. Yeah, open up a bunch of luggage is and do things All right, Google announced Advertisers will have more control over where their ads appear and Google will more aggressively police hateful offensive or and derogatory content Advertisers will be able to exclude specific sites or channels from campaigns Google is hiring a Significant number of people to review objection objectionable content And remember that several large ad agencies and organizations had removed the ads from Google out of concern over placement of ads next to offensive content Yeah, so I actually talked about this with Steve Kovac on this weekend tech on Sunday And Steve was very adamant that Google could do something about this and they shouldn't need to be pushed like this In order to do it that they're dragging their feet because they don't want to spend the money I I have not felt that way about this I I have often and I express then it felt that We should be careful what we wish for when we ask these big platforms to police things as if they are a smaller media agency Because then they will start controlling the messages But he's right that all of this pushing did make Google hire more people to review things and give the Advertisers more control over what sites their ads can show next to Which is interesting because it's a monetary Incentive right it's people starting to boycott. It's not government intervention and yeah It's I think It's overall a positive Because they're playing a really delicate gate here. They're still they're doing more But they're keeping everything in the hands of their users in this case the users being the ad agencies and the Announcers they're saying well, we give you the tools with the you know the tagging and the selection and everything But then it's your call. You're deciding where you're gonna put the ads and who you're gonna exclude fun from this So it's still Google Giving the tools for other people to me. Well, no, but no actually I Disagree with that Google is hiring a significant number of people to review objectionable content is them going out and Proactively saying we are going to look for places where we Undeniably think that they shouldn't be and remove them and in other cases where it's Controversial we will give the advertiser control to make the decision themselves So I think they're trying to do both of these things, right? I guess so, but I think the idea of them removing like Objectively objectionable content at this point if they're removing it it's things like, you know, the two standard things Pedophilia and terrorism, right? These two are the ones you mentioned and it's just an example to say those things They don't want them on the platform anyway, and yes, it is because but they were already removing them But this this goes to the Instagram problem, right? if if I'm looking at something and I know that 99.99% of people will say yes, that's objectionable Then I'm a Google reviewer who removes the ability for ads to show up there And that's a big deal because I'm cutting off a business's ability to make money by doing that if however I'm looking at a site and saying and there's a lot of naked breasts here. I Think it might be okay, but some people might not that's one I'm gonna mark and leave in the hands of the advertiser Do you want your ad showing up here or not because I don't want to cut off the ad supply for somebody who who feels that it's an Artistic statement or something and there could be a reasonable dispute about that. Yeah, yeah, you're right I think the so this are almost details. I think the Ultimately what what is important is what you're talking about which is what is gonna be marked as objectionable, but you have the choice of Whether or not to advertise on those videos is Going to be difficult to determine because some of them. Yes, everyone will agree some of them Everyone will agree. They're cool. Some of them are gonna be in the middle and for those I suspect most advertisers are not gonna go picking and choosing each channel or each video individually they're gonna click the button that says or the you know the checkbox that says Do not advertise on objectionable content or on, you know, if he content and that's it and That might be that opens it. You're right to the well, I'm not sure it might be artistic And I mean we've seen already just hours after this the issue of an LGBT Content that was marked as objectionable and that's you know Necessarily what they wanted to happen. That's the problem with these vast platforms These are not this isn't like a newspaper. It's a it's a different situation. It is it is the public space operated by a private company and we're still learning what that means Yeah, I think it's The thing is you can't have it both ways and we've talked about this a lot We just did talked about it on the on my French shoulder on they would take at length the difficulties of moderation and and they are very real and the issue is you can't have it both ways you can't Hit the perfect balance in every way so either you err on the side of caution and you're gonna piss off some people that are gonna be swept up in the to clean version of this or you err on the side you err on the side of Permissivity and you're gonna have some things that are objectionable that come through the cracks, but you know That's the way life is a US federal appeals court ruled three to nothing Monday that France This Rawls is not protected by the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination He has been ordered to unlock to file vault encrypted drives He says he doesn't want to do that and so he's being held in contempt of court Courts said the contents of the drives are known to be child pornography Meaning Rawls right would not be compromised as the result of unlocking the devices is a foregone conclusion So the court's doing an end around on whether well is it the contents of his mind? That's the password or is it something he can just do and so that we can force him to do that They're saying it doesn't matter we know what's on those drives So he's not incriminating himself and if you're saying well, how do you know Rawls sister has testified that he showed her pictures? So you have eyewitness testimony There are logs that show that Rawls visited websites where such pictures could be obtained they have Hashes that match the download of files known to be illegal images So they have evidence that he downloaded them. They even found one of the images on a MacBook Pro So it is it is fairly definitive that they're on there But you know in order to complete the case you want to unlock them and show just what was on there How many of them were on there? Rawls will remain jailed in contempt of court until he unlocks the drives or other developments in the case occur This is incredibly dangerous for a couple of reasons and I'm not a lawyer So maybe I'm getting it wrong, but it seems to me that first of all There could be other things on the drive that have no relation to this case and that they're gonna get for you know, they this is It could have other Implications and the other thing is legally I don't understand how do you justify? You justify this by saying that you already know what's on it. It's basically you know justifying a search of Someone or car or something by saying I know what's in it But in order to make sure I need to search it to make sure that I that what I know is what's in it if you have to make sure You know, if you have to see it to make sure it's kind of not It's difficult to hold it as a regular gear argument it feels I feel like the important part of this case is that it doesn't rule on the idea of whether you can be compelled to unlock a drive Because it is something you can do orbit or whether you cannot be compelled because divulging the password would be like divulging the combination of a Safe, right? It's the key versus safe. You can be forced to produce a key to unlock something You can't be forced to divulge a combination And and what the judge said is that's not the question here The question is whether he would incriminate himself and the fact of the matter is don't know He's he's not incriminating himself because this isn't going to make a difference in his charge now I'm not arguing with you. I'm not disputing what you're talking about But it is it isn't it is an important distinction to note that this is not from a tech standpoint Going to change anything for us because it's not gonna set the precedent the EFF did trial and amicus brief saying he shouldn't be allowed Because it's the contents of his mind the judge is basically making an end around now whether the law Should or should not take this end around or not is a not it's not a technology question That's that's a legal question and then I'm out of my depth In trying to assess that because I'm like you looking at this it sounds ridiculous to say well But if you know what's in there, then why do you need to go? What's in there? However, I also know that when you get into these sort of legal situations, there's things that we Probably don't understand because of the way investigations work and what you have to prove in court So if there's somebody out there who's a lawyer who'd like to weigh in on that and say actually There's a really good reason why you'd want to do this and explain it to us that'd be great but but technologically speaking What's important to take away here? I think is that this isn't This isn't ruling on the very important question we as technology users have which is can I be compelled to unlock an encrypted drive? if I may Disagree with the technological implication of it because what it's doing is Negating the need to answer the question and getting to the result Immediately because if that logic holds what I understand of it and again, yes I agree we should get a lawyer's opinion But if the logic that we seem to understand of it holds then you don't even need to ask the question anymore if you have a reasonable suspicion that This is beyond reasonable suspicion This is foregone conclusion and that's the kind of thing that starts to become like you have to be a lawyer to really understand The difference. Okay. All right. Well, yes, I would be very interested But you know in this case if it is a foregone conclusion in other cases for other things Does it apply as well in I still I'm with you though. I wouldn't know. Well, if it's a foregone conclusion Why do you need to look like well? Yeah, well, I understand that you need to look but can you use that Proof that you need as reason to get the proof a little bit does feel a little bit circular Yeah, and that wording you're right The foregone conclusion might have legal ramifications that we're not really understanding and that would explain it in which case DTNS audience. Thank you for your expertise in lawyering matters Hey folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in less than 10 minutes subscribe to daily tech headlines calm Okay, starting Tuesday three high profile redditors will test the ability to make posts directly on their profile pages And you'll be able to follow other users profile pages to see their new posts So once this starts to become widespread anyway previously you could only post to communities Which would then show up on your profile and that's not going away when you show up on communities Those will still show up when you're logged in posts from your profiles You follow will show up on your front page if you start following people and you can comment on other people's profile posts And those comments will be administered by the profile owner You can even assign other people to help you moderate your own profile So basically reddit it is turning into Facebook, right, right? I mean that sounds very much like Facebook even a little Twitter like I'm gonna follow people. I'm gonna see their posts And what reddit is saying is there's not an easy way for you to share a personal story If it doesn't fit into a community and granted there's so many communities on subreddit How could it not but if it was like hey, funny thing happened to me on the way to the store today Maybe there isn't a funny thing happening me on the way to the store subreddit that would be appropriate Or maybe you're like, I don't want to have to go find that community. I I don't even want to join a community I just want to tell this funny thing happened to me on the way to the store and link to the funny meme image and that's it Yeah, which is again kind of what Facebook is for but you know, so that That whole story led me to think about reddit in general and I've been a reddit user for a few years now As people might remember basically reddit really gained popularity when dig got Lost popularity after dig before That will mean a lot to the people who were following it at the time but really reddit is a very special and and peculiar place on the internet and I suspect that some of the listeners use it on a regular Basis and some of the listeners have heard of it But don't really know what the deal is and and why it's interesting if it is interesting at all So I thought it would be interesting to to think about what it is Maybe explain a little bit why it's good or not good and and then think about what it can become and to start I would like to tackle the perception that reddit is a place for trolls to troll and for memes to be born and usually in a not very positive manner and as I said, I've been using reddit for a long time and it can really be the Most wonderful place on the internet with warm people caring helping you and really, you know Being a great feeling of community and it can also be the most horrendous Trollish horrible place on the internet and for people who don't know I'm guessing there aren't many of them But basically it's a social website where you post a story voted up on or down and then it appears at the top of the list or at the bottom of the list and then you have a bunch of Subreddits which are defined by topic and there are many many hundreds of them and thousands of them and so Each of those is its individual version of those of that system And then you can get the ones you follow bundled together in a front page that you're going to check out to see what's new and important and upvoted in the Topics you're interested in or you can browse the entirety of the site with the most popular things and what's really interesting out of that Very simple system is that there are Many different ways to to use that site and that service and we were talking about this with Tom Preparing the show and it was funny because Tom told me well, you know, I don't really use reddit all that much I just checked the DT and I subreddit every day and you know to get an idea for the stories I'm gonna cover and I was like well you you use reddit a lot, right? Yeah, so I use reddit every day, right? From that perspective, I use reddit a lot But from where I sit I don't look at the front page of reddit hardly ever I do subscribe to the RSS feed of the reddit front page So I'm exposed to it and I keep an eye on it But I'm not Someone who goes in and religiously reads it and actively comments and all the threads and goes to all the fun places And so I consider myself someone who doesn't use reddit because of that It's really funny because you added another use for reddit But you know you also have the front page and you look at it And I think one of the many ways you can use reddit as opposed to many other social websites is That you can use it You know mostly passively that's actually the way I use it. I basically just read a number of Things that I'm interested in and interact very little. I actually very rarely even upvote stories So I really just use it as a personalized Magazine which is if you remember a lot of startups and companies had been trying to create Personalized magazines in the past few years with the when the tablet started gaining popularity and reddit has been doing it for a while now And you can just use it There are some people that are super active and some people are just like us just reading it from time to time or regularly, but The the oh I lost my train of thought I was People use it passively and which which sounds a little bit like what what people are doing with Twitter these days, too Some people do it with Twitter, but reddit is this mix actually of old-school Social places from the internet With more of a robust Engine behind it, you know, it's like it's maybe more akin to bbs boards or Forums with a little bit of Twitter and Facebook. I mean it's it goes it was started June 23rd 2005 Right, yeah, and dot-com bust was still fresh in our minds when reddit was started And the thing that's amazing about reddit is that because it's that weird Aglimate a maglemation of Many different kinds of things It doesn't really have an equivalent anywhere else if you went to Twitter You wouldn't get the kind of thing you get out of reddit if you went to Facebook You also wouldn't get the same kind of thing. I don't think there's an equivalent to reddit and I mean there are clones I know the question is Patrick how much is adding profile pages? Which don't really work as well with upranking and downranking and make things easier for newbies How much is that going to ruin reddit? So will it ruin it a little bit or will it totally ruin it? That's the two options, right the the binary choice from what I can tell yes Well, you know reddit is very binary you either upvote or downvote and in this case It's two downvotes just the different strengths of downvotes, but it's a really interesting question because the strength of reddit is For many people in its quirkiness and what it's trying to do it seems with these profiles is Trying to solve a problem that it's had for a long time Which also resides in its quirkiness? I mean, it's extremely Unuser-friendly reddit is a horrendous UI a horrendous It's a regular occurrence for someone who wants to submit to our subreddit to give up in despair Because they just don't understand either how to create an account or how to get posts or they post things And then they don't see them and then there's the spam bands and and yeah, it's it can be very confusing Yeah, it's basically a website from 2005 that has been yeah for sure and So I guess the question Related to the one you're asking of how much will these profiles ruin reddit or what will it do for them? can be asked in a different way is Basically, okay, the what they're trying to do apparently is to ease Make the onboarding experience the familiarity the UI better for new new users because they need you users to Get a little bit of money out of the site So the question is How much of reddit's strength is in its quirkiness in its difficulty of access? Yeah, and in the post that reddit has about this They're they're saying we've been working with moderators very closely To try to make sure that people don't take advantage of this to game the system a lot of people are worried that oh Well, if I can post in my own profile that I moderate And those posts can show up in all or popular I can I can do some nefarious things because there won't be a community of moderators to stop me Reddit thinks they have that figured out somehow, but I'm curious How that is and on the other hand people say oh well now folks will stop posting to communities And and they'll just want to post on their profile pages because they want to get everybody's eyes on them instead of the communities And reduce community participation, but again Reddit says that they don't think that's gonna happen. They think people will still Participate in communities and that this is worth it because it will bring better creators who otherwise Don't want to have to navigate the system of communities in order to post this will get people to post In fact, Alexis Ohanian says they realized the site needed this when he was trying to get his girlfriend tennis player Serena Williams to use the site and and as he was walking her through it realized Oh, this is not obvious or simple Well, yeah da welcome to reality mr. Ohanian, but it's you know, it's it's really I Don't think it's gonna get people to stop posting to communities that I really don't think so if you the best way I think for old-timers to think of reddit is it's basically News is it news net geez use net Is it like the the the series of yeah, you're talking about use net Yeah, not be is it use net like you would get different topics and basically a global forum. Yeah all dot Picks exactly. Yeah, there you go. It's been so long. I forgot the name So it's basically use net in web form and the really important part of it is the communities it creates It's like everyone who likes I'm gonna be talking about gaming because that's the circles. I I Go into everyone who loves overwatch goes to the overwatch subreddit Everyone who loves that obscure well not everyone but a lot of people who love an obscure game You don't necessarily go to forums anymore You go to reddit and have a community and I don't think that having profiles is going to necessarily take away from that What is certain though is that the profiles are going to? add something that isn't necessarily what reddit reddit's DNA is About you know Yes, you get some karma and some upvotes and you you feel good about being a productive member of the reddit community But getting the profiles shifts it a little bit to more of a traditional social network type Image almost where you are a user of that thing not a faceless Nickname but a user that has a personality a type of you're a faceful nickname Yeah, I think it makes sense They they want people who don't understand the whole network of Communities to have a place that's very obvious and familiar to post and the idea might be that once you get familiar Posting on your profile. You'll start to discover these other communities and go investigate them and become a participant there as well Hmm. I think talking about it I'm zeroing in on the issues that it could not the issues, but the problems people might have with it It's getting people on reddit possibly By adding something that is entirely separate from reddit's core product. It's like, you know, it's like saying Well, I know our cars have been doing well, but the world is changing So we're gonna start making ice cream, but it's not entirely separate, right? Like profiles are just many subreddits the way they're implementing them. It's almost more like a gateway Then then an entirely separate product. Yeah, possibly possibly But we've seen in these communities How fickle things can be and I mentioned in the beginning For that reason that you know reddit was basically born out of the ashes of dig Which was essentially the same product but tried to change the UI that was it, you know It was maybe poorly designed but it was just the way the system was working that was Changed a little bit and the UI that was changed and it tanked over a few a few months only so Reddit really has to be super careful about how they change the experience because the slightest upset in the community, especially in that Very entitled community sometimes Can be a catastrophe for the site and the company We'll keep this conversation going because we there's more to say about it on our subreddit at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com And big thanks to our moderators who help keep that thing clean and it is extremely useful Which is why I look at it every day Messages of the day really quick from mox. We already have a messaging protocol. It's been around since the 90s It's called XMPP. In fact Google talk used to be a great XMPP client But then they dropped cross-system support when they migrated to hangouts the problem isn't a lack of protocol It's a lack of interest in interoperability by the major players Yeah No I was skipping right past the idea of a protocol mox when I was saying what I want is somebody who just works across The protocols who doesn't have to get them all to use the same protocol I can just decide how to launch and deliver to apps and things like that because yeah You're just not going to get everybody to use them unfortunately at this point and then Reynard Says one of the reasons that the internet should be a human right isn't about decreasing the importance of other things like water or electricity It's about increasing the standards that we expect as people now. I realize that can be taken in many ways One way is inner city impoverished areas find it harder to compete with other areas because of lack of internet To build on education there is another issue one of the reasons Silicon Valley companies have a diversity issue is that many African-American students and Latino students don't begin to code until college while you can code and test things without the internet You and I know access to coding and programming could increase with online access online high school GED courses and online university enrollment could increase as well Thank you for the thoughts Reynard and thank you Patrick Beja for all the thoughts on reddit and more where can people find more About what you're talking about these days Well, you can go to frenchspin.com where you'll find for example the latest episode of pixels Which I just published a mere minutes before starting. I watched him do it And and yeah, we talk about the video gaming news on that show It's a general gaming news show so if you want to have everything you need to remember about that or to know about that you can go there and There's also The Phileas Club were in which the latest episode was a conversation with a gentleman from Zimbabwe just trying to give us a General image of what life in Zimbabwe is and both of those shows are available at French spin comm Oh, and the Zimbabwe one we actually talked about tech in Zimbabwe So that was really interesting to maybe for the audience of this show Thanks to everybody who gives a little value back for the value They get from this show including Linda Freddon Jorge Garza Jason Alderman and many more at patreon.com slash DTNS our email addresses feedback at dailytechnewshow.com we're live Monday through Friday 4 30 p.m Eastern at alphageekradio.com and diamondclub.tv and our website is dailytechnewshow.com back tomorrow with Scott Johnson You're about to hear his voice talk to you soon This show is part of the frog pants network get more at frogpants.com All righty Good show, what should we call it? That is an excellent question a good show. We'll call it a good. We'll just call it a good show Upvote This time you must be at this disconnected to fly you must be at least this distance like you must be at least this tall Yeah flying while board FWB You know, there's a time in my life. I remember being on an airplane for six hours with nothing to do No connected devices. Oh, I did have a I did have a Gameboy. I played a lot of Street Fighter Reddit book. Oh Android Origano YouTube's content policies add up redditor reddit goes high profile been there reddit got the profile page Oh did to Android Android Oreo seems obvious. Oh Eve little faith Ticker and stronger. I know what you did last browsing session The Facebook of like that one the face book of vacation of reddit Whack come to reality. Mr. Oh, Hainian Read it on my profile. Well, I patted I Extreme reddit over reddit book Origano is kind of extreme of Weird, but I like it oregano oregano. Yeah Just just have that as the title. Yeah, it's like wait what and then you kind of oh Android What if to me Redditor I it's kind of cool like it's redditor. Oh, it's redditor than it used to be Yeah, exactly. That's that's clever. I like it the darker demon But unfortunately, I have to go. Oh, okay. Thanks, man. I don't the title on here We shall we should endeavor to do it without you Bye bye chat room love you all bye reddit book of wall No, no I don't know I'm torn between one of the reddit titles and oh Android Well, I think reddit book is my favorite of the reddit titles Well, let it we'll let it we'll let it simmer for a while and see what comes up Simmer until cream like titles rise to the top then skim and choose It's the recipe for a DTNS title See cooking like that's way too much work I'd probably cook more often if it if I weren't the one responsible for cleaning everything That's the two things one is if you don't know what you're doing having to constantly look at a recipe is annoying Once you what I found once I got good at a few recipes I I don't mind making them because I don't need to look at the recipe But then the other thing is having to clean up all the stuff afterwards Jen does this like how you used like eight pieces of silverware to make dinner.  It's like yeah I clean as I go. I try to but sometimes it's just a You know, I mean, it's just kind of like, you know He just makes a process a little that much more tedious. Yeah, it really does Only there was a profession where someone could cook for you I think we'll go with reddit book. It's one vote in front of old Android at this point. Oh, it's two votes in front, too Reddit book it is. All right done. I want a home robot assistant that cooks like Jeff Bezos. Oh No, you want an actual robot not a robot suit Yeah, if you ever watch the Movie What's it called? It's based on the Michael Crichton Featured Jurassic Park. No feature Tom Selleck as a cop Against time cop Tom Selleck. No Tom Selleck. Who's a guy from Leeds anger of kiss?  Okay, so that was based on a Michael Crichton So Michael Crichton movie. Oh, it's a movie from him directed by him And it's in the future even though it was Sean 1984 And everyone had like robots are omnipresent and everyone has in this household robot Like Rosie from the Jetsons. Okay, and this one like cooks It's just like a giant box with an arm on the side, but it's all right So I want something like that. It's like, you know Robo Rosie go make me, you know dinner or something, you know, it'd be a simple menu would be complicated But I don't have to deal with anything No, I the more I cook the less I dislike it Uh It's it's it is something where I think most people don't like to cook because they just haven't gotten good enough at it And I don't mean good enough as in making tasty food I mean good enough at the process to where you don't have to think about everything And when you when you cook if you're not just doing microwave meals or something or something really simple Well, actually the things that are really simple are the things you know how to do and they they feel easier to you because you know How to do them it's that you you see this long list of things that are unfamiliar And it's it's always harder to do something that you're unfamiliar with does that make sense. Yeah, no, no, I Again, I love cookie. It's just it's just cleaning up. I just don't want to deal with it'd be so much easier You just need a robot to clean up after sure. I would that would be great, too Well, you have a daughter she's gonna get to a point where she can start doing the dishes I don't want to eat my daughter's I think it's against the law and pretty grotesque. No more cannibalism No, yeah, I mean to do the washing Roger. I pledge to my fellow Americans that I will end cannibalism in this country You know, why isn't the government looking into cannibalism? Do we want people to be eating each other? I'm still wondering why we haven't investigated rumors of mole and subterranean lizard people Mm-hmm. I mean, I I understand from from reputable news sources online that Peter have been sightings There has been absolutely no discussion of mole people by this government and I am outraged. Yeah, I mean They're just giving moles a bad name, right? People with moles need protection. I know I had a movie idea You ever watched the movie chud? I've heard of it. I haven't seen it. The schlocky 80s like Horror movie, but I had an idea where you would have subterranean Like not mobile like lizard reptilian creatures and that the government knew about it, but I was trying to You know keep it secret from the public and all those PG&E utility crews You always see working and blocking streets and stuff were secretly underground fighting them I was like an entirely, you know separate branch of the military dedicated to to to stopping these Subterranean reptilian invaders from the where they call it the inside the hollow earth. Yeah. No, I've got exactly why are what you know We we need to step up our defense against the hollow earth invaders. I know like, you know, we overlanders need to be protected I Want to get to the truth Truthiness I want to get to the truth the truth of the mole people I don't know why but I have a hankering for ho ho's or ding dong's probably because we're talking about Android Oreo Is that what did it? Maybe me so maybe some consciously other than oatmeal cookie. I didn't see any other like legitimate. Oh Desserts mentioned and I feel like there are others. I just not thinking of them. I'm thinking of the There has to be like a Dairy Queen dessert. That's oh based right Dairy Queen's kind of gross in general, but Fan food not fast food.  It just looks like warmed over frozen dinners What are you talking about now? I totally lost your train of thought there. No, no I'm looking at the Dairy Queen menu trying to see if they have any treats or food items that start with a no And fan food is there not fast food is there's no good I'm guessing. Yes, and then you were looking at pictures of their food and we're criticizing All right. I'm back. I'm back and I'm back up to speed now. I was just saying that it looks like warmed over Television dinners TV man. I was super excited when we got a Dairy Queen brazier We had a Dairy Queen when I was growing up, but it was just the ice cream I'm explaining that to you right now We had a Dairy Queen growing up It was just the ice cream and then they made a Dairy Queen brazier Which was their name for the Dairy Queens that would also serve hot food like burgers And it was super exciting when that when that came to town now. I look back. I'm like those burgers were not that good In fact, there was there was another place in town. It was like a home-owned place That served really good burgers But for some reason we all wanted to eat Dairy Queen brazier as kids maybe because they ice cream It's because the ice cream. It's the desserts. Yeah Like I don't remember any burger really being like fast food burger being exceptional I don't remember the name of the other restaurant that I really liked and It kind of got run out of business by Dairy Queen Was it your mom-and-pops burger chain store? No, it was a diner. It was more of a diner type place. I Love diners. They had the little that place. Oh, I almost had it that place had the the jukebox controls at every seat Oh, I love those. Yeah, there's a place over here Johnny's pastrami has that too Johnny's pastrami I like pastrami, but I always think it's bad for you. It probably is but it's really good jukebox and every time remember the I reminds me of that Doctor who twilight zone episode where that guy goes to the diner is getting his fortune From the little fortune dispensing machine. It's like it looks like one of those things where you pick music from so Devil's head on top All right, I've almost got this done. It's like a magic eat ball, but not Prove it. You can't prove it. Yeah, can't That will be the that will be the slogan for my campaign prove it Yeah, I can't Yeah, 30 minutes, I'm so close so close To remembering the name of that restaurant and I know That I have an old junior high basketball program over there that probably has an advertisement from the minute And I'm gonna go get it Denny's No, why this is bothering me so much It's because it's like it's one of those things that bugs you because You sort you know, you know it, but you can't remember it.  Maybe that's it PN Hirsch Montgomery Ward Wells Judd tire service mr. Drumstick Thanks to love mr. Drumstick. Yeah, ironically enough. They only served breasts. I guess it was the pantry But I think the pantry was called something else and that was the name I was trying to remember but yeah All right, fine. It's the pantry There you go It's not that's not the one I was trying to remember but all right Thanks everybody for putting up with that and for listening to the show and hanging out and having a good time And we will talk to you again tomorrow


panel. So the purpose of this panel is to give you an idea of various career arcs that you can have in academia. Many people know that there's a traditional grad school postdoc professor but there are many many options in many ways through that. They don't all go that straight path and hopefully our panelists will give you a broad spectrum. We're focused on academic careers in the United States mainly because most of you are going to be looking for jobs in the US. That doesn't mean we're trying to exclude other places in other countries. It's just that that's the major interest and in other countries there are many things that are very specific to them. What I will strongly encourage you is from the very first moment to start thinking of your questions and there will be people around the audience who will help you with a microphone when you have a question. So please wait till you have the microphone to ask your question. We'll start with very very brief introductions. I'm Brian Akram. I'm on the steering committee here. I did not have a straight path through academia. I started as a grad student at Stanford so maybe pretty standard. Then I had six years of postdocs in many different institutions including in Israel, in France, University of Michigan, Ohio State University. I then had a ten-year track job at Penn State University. Then I tenured there and moved to Northwestern University. So I have tried to do all the big ten. I didn't quite manage only four of them. I don't know if I recommend this as a career path but it certainly is one way to make things happen. I've had many other jobs both here on the steering committee in the American Math Society and chair of my department, chair of every committee in the department, and many other such things. Now let me turn it over to Diane. Hi. I'm Diane Holcomb and I did my graduate studies at University of Wisconsin specializing in random matrices. After University of Wisconsin, I graduated and moved to University of Arizona and I spent three years there as a postdoc and I am off to KTH next year for another postdoc. Hi. My name is Faraz Rasubaga. I did my undergrads in Paris, Econormal, and then I did my graduate studies at NYU, Koran Institute, then did a postdoc at Ohio State, then went on to Utah, some local, and did assistant associate now full professor. I'm Erica Walker. I am professor of mathematics education at Teachers College at Columbia University. My undergraduate degrees are in mathematics and with a Spanish minor. I was a high school teacher for a couple of years. I have a master's degree in mathematics education from Wake Forest University. After teaching for a couple of years, I decided to go get my doctorate and my plan was to get an educational administration because I thought I could be a better principal than this principal I'm working under as a high school teacher. Once I got to the Harvard Graduate School of Education, which is where my doctorate is from, I got bitten by the research bug and I completed a dissertation on looking at advanced mathematics course taking patterns among students in the U.S. in high school. After completing my dissertation, which used survival analysis and other longitudinal data analysis techniques, I did a postdoc at Teachers College. It was supposed to be a one-year postdoc. I thought I'll live in New York for a year, then I'll go back to the south where I'm from. As you heard from my first statement, I'm still at Teachers College. Let's just say many years later. I got tenure at Teachers College. I went through from postdoc to assistant professor to associate professor. I'm a full professor now. They're at Teachers College. Hi. My name is Irena Swanson. I'm also on the steering committee here. I got my Ph.D. at Purdue University. My postdoc was at University of Michigan. Then I was at New Mexico State University for 10 years. I got my tenure there. I was an associate professor in those 10 years. I spent a year and a half at MSRI and a year in a special research opportunity in Kansas. Then I moved and I'm tenured at Reed College, my alma mater. I should also say I had a two-body problem. My husband also has a Ph.D. in mathematics, but jobs in the early 1990s are not so easy to come by. He was more employable in the industry, so he has been programming. Well, that was his path. Hey, I'm Henry Saganman. I'm an assistant professor at Oklahoma State University. I don't do random matrices. I do 3D geometry and topology. I also do mathematical visualization, which is a little bit different, less traditional. I did my undergrad at Oxford University and then Ph.D. at Stanford University. Then I did a postdoc at UT Austin and another postdoc at University of Melbourne before, and I've now been at Oklahoma State for four years. Hi, I'm Ivan Corwin. I did my undergrad at Harvard in math. I got a little disillusioned by how algebraic everything was, so I worked in finance for a year after that. Came back, did my Ph.D. at NYU. I was there for a few years and then traveled for a year, spent time at MSRI, and then did a postdoc one year at Microsoft Research, two years at MIT, and then came to Columbia, I guess, with tenure, and two days from now I get full. Okay, so before I open it up to questions from everybody, I'm going to pose one question to this panel to get you guys started. Since Ivan's holding the microphone, he's going to be put on the spot first. I want you to look back at any point in this career arc that you've had with whatever decisions you made, one piece of advice you wish you had heard. It could be as an undergrad, even high school, grad student, postdoc, assistant professor, or as coming up for full professor. I think the best advice that maybe I was given was that if you want to really be a hard researcher to try to emphasize working on that for as long as possible, not getting yourself carried away with too many other responsibilities too early. Maybe you might have an opportunity to get an assistant professorship early, right out of grad school or soon, but take your time, focus on your research, build that up, because eventually you're not going to have much time to work on it, and you want to have as much as under your belt as you can. I guess this is sort of a similar kind of thing about if you want to do research, get started early. I never did any undergraduate research, and I felt that it would have been helpful if I had. I just started as a grad student doing research then, and I might have found out that it wasn't something that I actually wanted to do. It turned out it was okay, and I did like it. I would say if you have opportunities to do undergraduate research and you're an undergraduate, you should take them. One piece of advice is that talk to others. Even if you don't quite speak their language, even if your research areas are not the same, it's a very good idea to develop these bridging opportunities, bridging vocabularies. You'll get so much more out of colloquia. You'll be able to write your papers in so much broader areas, and don't be afraid of saying, I don't know, and then ask that person who seems to know something. Ask them, ask them, ask them until you understand. A piece of advice that I didn't get but that I inadvertently followed was to do a postdoc after getting my doctoral degree. I think getting a postdoc affords you some time to recover from the dissertation process in your graduate school experience, but it also helps give you a head start on your research and just sort of acclimating to institutions, particularly if you're switching from a smaller institution to a larger institution. These kinds of acclimation experiences are very important. Okay, so back when I was at NYU, well, the first couple of years, I did well in the coursework and so on, but it was about time to choose a field, a research field to work on, and I had really no idea. I liked what I was doing, but I had no idea. So I went around and talked to professors to see if they can give me advice on how to pick my research topic. So the advice that I ended up following came actually from Percy Deist. So thank you. It was very good advice. So the advice was go back tonight and think about what courses you took that you enjoyed, not just you got A's and them, because you're going to do this for the rest of your life. And so I went back and decided probability theory was the thing that I enjoyed most, and now I'm a probabilist. So that's one thing also, starting research early, but also pick something that you're going to enjoy, because there are going to be lots of down times when you have no idea of how to solve the problem you're working on, and these could be really bad times sometimes. And so you want to be enjoying what you're doing. I have so many pieces of advice I would wish I had gotten, but since I'm going to pick one, the one I would say is really go to conferences, and when you go to conferences, make friends with the people that are in your cohort. So everyone at conferences, I feel like you want to talk to the big names and make sure people know you, but the people who have helped me the most, the people who I think I've learned the most from are my peers. Maybe there's someone you're going to do a project with down the line, maybe there's someone that's just going to give you that piece of advice when something doesn't go exactly how you expect in your PhD or your postdoc or something like this, but those people, they're the ones you can really talk to about what's going right, what's going wrong, and maybe even learn a lot of math from. So that would be my advice. I'm going to amplify on what Diane said, is I think everybody in this room should think tonight about who are their mentors, and the mentor might be your advisor, and it might be a peer, and it might be somebody who's not at your university, but you might need different mentors for different things. And so you should think about that and have a cohort of people that you're comfortable asking questions of. Okay, so now, with that first bit of advice, now is your opportunity. It's for you guys to ask questions. I'm not going to ask all the questions. And so there's a microphone coming around. I see one right here. Please wait till you have the microphone before asking your question, and it's helpful if somebody else raises their hand in advance, you'll get the next question. You're welcome to direct your question to one person on the panel, a group of people on the panel, or a panel in general. Go ahead. At what point did you transition from mostly following the lead of others' work to defining your own research priorities and feeling that you had creative agency, and how did you know that you had reached that point? Okay, great question on the transition from being a follower student to being an independent researcher. There are all stages on this stage of these things. Henry. So for me, I think it was some point during grad school. When I realized that my advisor's interests and my interests were not quite the same, and the kind of things that I was interested in and in doing were just a little bit different from the kinds of things that he was doing, and, well, and things started to work, and my advisor was surprised and happy about this, which is good, because it wasn't sort of the direction that he might have thought about. So yeah, I mean, presumably this happens all over the place, but for me it was then in sort of beginning to realize what is the thing that I'm actually good at that I'm better than all of these other incredibly clever people who are around, and what can I try and focus on to make a difference, to produce work that people haven't seen or done before? So for me, it was probably my first semester at MSRI, that's a Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley. It was a special program, and it was in commutative algebra or computational aspects of it, so it was a little bit outside of my area, but that's where I felt that I was talking to these people who are not exactly in my research area, but I had things to contribute, and so that's where I felt independent. So I think it's important to know in advance that it's not always a simple transition. There can be a lot of growing pains and going from being a follower to a leader. If you're lucky, when you're younger, you'll have good mentors and you'll maybe have some problems that you're given and you'll work with them and you'll build something. It's tough to go from being fed ideas and questions and problems to producing, because no one's gonna tell you, is this a good idea? Is this something that is gonna take you far? Is this an approach that's gonna work? So it can be a little rough adjusting, but you just need to accept that, and somewhere I'd say in your postdoc is a good time to make that transition. Stop working with as many people older than you and start to work with people your same age or maybe even some grad students, but it's a case-by-case thing, I guess. Let me ask a show of hands for people on the panel. Your first problem, any type of research, did it come from your advisor? Yes, hands up if yes, if it came from your advisor.  Of those whose first problem did, or half up, did your second problem that you worked on come from your advisor? Okay? How about the most recent problem you've worked on? There's the transition, it happens at some point. For many people it's late, for many people it's early, or it comes from somewhere, right? It doesn't have to. Okay, more questions from the audience. I see one out there, it would be helpful if we know that the next ones are coming from as well. Rafe, can you get the one in the middle? So please put your hands up if you have questions. From when you started your graduate studies to now, how did your definition of sort of what a goal was and how did the goals that you had for your career change over time? Hey, good question. Who wants to tackle that one first? Do you mean to the goal as in a career goal? Well, I mean, quite often the goal is, can I get another job when this one finishes? That's a pretty good goal. Well, and then, I don't know. I mean, I'm not sure I have a good answer with this. Like, well, at first it was, well, I should do a post-doc. You put out however many applications and managed to get a post-doc, right? It was a pretty good one. And then, actually, there was a transition. My second post-doc, I actually found out really late in the process. My first post-doc was basically over. I'd had a couple of interviews of liberal arts colleges that I hadn't gone through and I thought, is that it? And then the second post-doc came through and that was fantastic. And then, for me, it was then, okay, two post-docs down, surely, two, three year post-docs, I should be getting a permanent position.  It would be good to get a permanent position. I actually applied one year before I had to. So in the second year of my post-doc, I applied for positions and got one and got the position I'm in now that I deferred for another year.  I guess that was my sequence of goals. Keep doing what I'm doing because I'm enjoying it. Okay, other people on the panel? Irina, Erika, comment on goals? So, I went to graduate school because I wanted to teach college. I always liked my teachers. In first grade, I thought I wanted to be a first grade teacher and then it went like that. And when I got to graduate school, I said, oh, actually I like research. So, my goal changed in graduate school. And then in my post-doc years, I never want to move again. I just want to go sit somewhere and get a permanent job. But then when I got my tenure-track job in New Mexico State, it's like every other year we moved. Our son lived in 13 different houses by the time he was in seventh grade. I was like, yes, let's go there, let's go there. Now I'm more sedentary again. I want to stay in one place. But as research-wise, there was a period when I had this pile of problem and I thought, okay, when I just finished this pile of problems, but then every time you finish a few of those problems, then the set of your pile increases with new problems. So, I guess I'm getting more realistic that, yes, I have a few problems I'd like to solve, but maybe I won't. I do think that sometimes your goals change in graduate school. So, as I mentioned, I thought I was going to be a high school principal, which still would be a great job and I think I'd be very good at it. But when you're open to new things and experiencing new ideas, sometimes your priorities shift. And I think it's a good idea to always be open to that. So even once I decided to go into educational research, I knew I wanted to be a professor, but even my sort of research goals shifted over time. Because you're exposed to new ideas from different faculty, from your students, and so the areas where I started my research in are now, they're related, but they're different than what I expected. And I think they're good, but there was a definite shift. So I think it's good to have a plan. You should always have a plan, but you should also be open to opportunities as they present themselves. New ideas, new areas of research, and to continue along that way. Do you hear us? Yeah, I guess the goals evolve with you. At the beginning, my goal was just to get through the next exam. But then, well now, for example, my goals, well, research-wise, I have a few problems, too many maybe, I'm working on. Well, if I could get any one of them, I'd be happy, and then look towards the next one, and so on. But also, there's the department that I'm part of, and then there are goals to improve the group, to serve the department, and so on. And there's also balanced family, and so I don't know exactly if you're asking about a goal academically or in life. A lot of goals, and I'll be happy to get any one of them. Okay, so we've had a lot of questions about research, ARC. There are many other aspects of a career that you might want to think about, asking questions of how to apply for particular types of jobs, what you should be doing now to prepare for that. There have been several people who brought up balancing family and career. It's been hidden in many of the comments for many of the people, okay? So I open up to the next question. Do you guys rave in the back there, and then next it's gonna be up here. Keep your hand waving, the person in the back. Yep, right there. Well, so listening from your stories, I know it's quite common for people in academia to just move around all the time. So how do you juggle with this constant change of environment and constant change of places? Because sometimes even in the United States you might be moving around, but sometimes you might even be moving to different countries and different cultures. So Dan, we might put you on the spot as somebody in the middle of such a move, yeah? It's hard, I mean, that's the short answer. It depends a little bit on your family situation. It depends on your academic situation. For a lot of people, I know postdocs are really lonely because you move there and you don't really know anybody and there's usually not that many postdocs around. It can help if there's a lot of postdocs, but you don't really meet the grad students, right?  So I would very much encourage you to make sure you take the time to put down some roots wherever you move. I think it's really easy when you take these temporary jobs to just be like, well, it's just not worth, I don't know, finding this group that does this activity or into maybe at some sort of sports like Ultimate Frisbee or maybe it's music or maybe it's learning a language or whatever, like find those things and do them. It's really important. And the other thing is that it's a mixed bag, I feel like, if you move with your family or you move without. Like if you have a family and you're all moving together, that's hard because you're coordinating careers, you're trying to deal with maybe moving kids, but if you're moving alone, that's harder in a different way because you move and you don't know anybody. So I would say recognize that this is gonna be how it is and if it's gonna be hard for you, think about setting an upper bound on how many times you're willing to do it because there are people who will just keep going and going and do more and more post-docs and that can be really, really hard.  So I think there are other comments, Henry, you wanted to say something? I saw you. I think while Henry's getting ready, there are many different ways through this and it's gonna be a very personal choice and there's no wrong way. Yeah, so there's sort of, I think, two main downsides to the life of an academic. One is grading and the other is that you don't necessarily get to choose where you live or where you're gonna be for the next two or three years and yeah, it sucks. I'll just reiterate how something else that you do. So I'm a juggler and there's usually, if you're in a big town, there's a juggling group that meets every week and then you've got a ready-made community you can just sort of slot into and do something with other people and that's important. Another situation which I was in when I was in my postdoc is kind of a long distance commuting and that people do this and it can be very tiring. So when entering into postdocs or positions, you need to be careful about just how thin you're gonna spread your time and just how much you're willing to be in one place versus multiple places. It's also the same as true with travel. As an academic, there's the potential to go to conferences for half of the year and this can be very beneficial for you but if you are in a position where you're gonna be moving every few years, you need to be careful again not to travel too, too much because you only have so much potential for doing that sort of stuff.  You don't really need to go to the other two conferences to see the same people say the same things. Yeah, I have also, you'll find that most people on the panel have at some point had to deal with juggling two-body problems or most people in academia. Not necessarily academic, I did four years of commuting and perseverance made it pay off that we ended up with jobs in the same city. It is helpful in getting individual advice on this from somebody and so I think it's really helpful to have one of your people in your mentor group who you can turn to for advice on that, separate from research, but it's a big issue. Anybody? I just wanted to comment one brief thing. So for me it was easy to move around because I had a permanent job in New Mexico State. So once you're settled, a move is so much easier than when you have to move and then you don't know when you'll be two or three years after that. So it's necessary to move earlier in your career before you have a permanent job but it's so much easier to do it later. And also my husband is a little more flexible. He can work long distance so sometimes he would come once a month for 10 days or sometimes he actually moved with us. Should we move on to the next question? I think it's up here. For those of you who took time between undergrad and grad school, how did you handle the transition back to grad school and do you have any experiences you regret or are thankful for from that? First of all, I thought that for me, taking time out of graduating undergrad was an excellent decision. You work really hard, you kind of head down through undergrad and I saw people when I was already in grad school who kind of kept going and came into grad school and then they kind of looked up and they realized I'm gonna be here for four and a half years what the hell am I doing? And because they hadn't thought about what it is they really wanna do and it's hard to do that when you're an undergrad. So taking a year I think is a great option in trying something maybe in your area, maybe not, maybe something totally different. I was scared when I started up again. I felt like I had a year out, I couldn't remember half of the math that I thought I had learned. And I thought when I was coming to grad school that okay, this isn't gonna work. And like anything, you just adjust back to it. So you need to give yourself some time, you need to, it also helps because you have in a sense a little bit of a chip on your shoulder. You feel like you're coming from behind because you've been out a little. And I actually think having a chip on your shoulder is generally a helpful thing in academia in the sense that you always wanna feel like you're coming from behind because it makes you work harder. So I would encourage considering something like that. Erica, do you wanna comment? It's hard to say because I graduated from college and immediately drove to this master's program in Wake Forest which was a teacher preparation program. So I feel like everything was just sort of very seamless for me in terms of my adjustment. So when I started graduate school at Harvard, I've always loved school and loved learning. So I was just thrilled to be there and happy to be back in that environment. So I don't feel that I ever really left school really and I guess in a way I didn't. Anyone in the audience who took a year off who wants to make a comment, took some time out, did something non-traditional. Not trying to put anyone on the spot but I do see someone back there and we could get a mic to have a comment. And then while he's preparing, anyone get a next question ready in the audience? Can I see any hands? Okay. Yeah, I took four years in between undergrad and doing a PhD. I did a master's degree in a totally unrelated subject and then I had a series of jobs. I was a software engineer for a little while. I was a freelance writer. I worked in finance for a bit. And then after kind of feeling like I couldn't get away from math. I was still trying to read math a lot in my free time. I figured that maybe I should just actually go to grad school. And I had a similar experience to what I've been described being, I remember two years ago, trying to work back through baby Rudin and trying to figure out how to take a limit again which I couldn't remember. Learning about the root test and the ratio test and convergence of sequences. And I do really agree that, one, having the chip on my shoulder kind of helped as a source of motivation. But also, I think that taking time off was a really good idea just because it's completely changed my orientation towards my work psychologically. And I think that I'm much happier than a lot of people who didn't take time off because I know for one thing that I'm there by choice. I think that a lot of people who want to pursue a career in mathematics decide immediately to go to grad school because they just sort of pick up from the culture around them that that's what the good students do. And they pick up this ludicrous myth that you have to make your mark by age 30 or something. And they're really concerned by moving quickly and getting through as fast as possible. And I think that it probably hurts not just their work and that they're coming at whatever they're doing with a little bit less perspective, but I also think it hurts their mental health. I think that being in grad school, you're often surrounded by a lot of people who are quite unhappy, a lot of people who feel like they don't have a lot of agency over their lives. And when you've come back from something else and you know that you have other options for how you spend your time in the world and you know that you're doing whatever you're doing by choice, and you know that you're doing everything that you're doing because you want to be doing it and not because you feel somehow constrained by the culture around you or by lack of other options. So this is a very good point because there are more questions coming that I will build on. Mental health in grad school is a big issue that many people need to think about, and this is again, we're having somebody to talk to, it's a big issue. So great, and I encourage people to go and talk to you afterwards about this idea of taking time off. Many people take time off in a different way. Also, even within grad school, there are people who take a semester off. There's nothing to be ashamed about doing that. I was a freshman who took math. As a sophomore, I took no math, and here I am, none. Not a single course that was math. I was a philosophy major until late in my junior year. And the same professor who encouraged me to not take any math a year later encouraged me to come back and take math. So I figured that one out, but I saw a question over here. I guess this is sort of related to this same sort of idea and taking time off and stuff like that. How do you feel taking time off after your PhD before doing a post-doc, basically from a career risk in some sense? Because I feel in some sense that, if you don't do that immediately, there is some sort of stigma associated with the fact that you've left math. And it seems like it would become more difficult in order to get back into that sort of track. I guess my second sort of question is, do you think the post-doc grind necessarily has to be like this? Like, with the system, could you envision it in any other way? So it does.


So you guys know I had to do this video. The Galaxy Buds Plus versus the Airpods Pro versus the One More True Wireless ANC. Let's find out. So when Samsung announced the Galaxy Buds Plus at the unpacked event with the Galaxy S20, I had to do a comparison against the Airpods Pro but I was gonna throw in the One More True Wireless ANC because I just got those as well and I've been using them for a bit. So let's start off with the Galaxy Buds Plus, right? The successor from Lassie is very successful Galaxy Buds. These have not just a new touch of color with the different colors like the baby blue, you know, the red, the black and of course the new kind of glossy white finish. Now it reaches for $149, you're going, okay, why is he more expensive? What's new here? What's different? Well, a couple of things. He doesn't have ANC built in but he does have longer battery life at 22 hours with 11 hours playback on your earbuds longer than anyone else I've seen so far. That could be wrong, but longer than anyone I've seen so far. Now, that's also another 11 hours within the case. You do have wireless charging still built into it so that's there and you've got, of course, USB Type-C for charging which will also give you 60 minutes of playback so an hour with just three minutes of charge. So that's wonderful. You're like, that's great but what about the sound on the E? How does it sound? Now, what about the fit? All that fun stuff, right? So fit-wise, it's still one of the best in terms of just fit and they've also added winglets as well to give you more secure fit for people who need that and I like the options that are available there. Just find the right ear tips for you and that gives you some really good noise isolation and I'll say it works out really well especially with these. Taking them on a flight, I was able to use them on the plane and listen to music quite well. Now, it's not, of course, as strong as an active noise cancellation but the isolation is really, really good. On the subway, it's fine. On the plane, you're still probably gonna need ANC. Now, when it comes to audio and, of course, you've got a couple of options with the EQs there to help and that's probably the best way to listen to, of course, the Galaxy Buds. I will say, though, the highs are really clean. I like the feel of the highs on these ones. The mids are much lower than the original version not as much as I would like it to be and the lows are actually a bit on the flat end. Not too flat but just a little bit for me. Overall, though, the sound quality is really nice. Vocals come out so clear and it's got a much brighter sound to it. I do like them. I do like the way the sound. Now, people ask, Thunder E, what about the microphone? Fear not. Samsung added a third microphone to this and I have to say the mic quality is really good. I've been having conversations with friends, clients and people have had no idea and they've just enjoyed a very clean, clear conversation with me and I've got to say, they have done a good job here. So, look, it's pretty solid. Now, let's move over to the One More True Wireless ANC which retail 499. Now, what do you get with these? First of all, these are stylish. They've got that black carbon fiber finish and you've got this case that's much more lengthier and bigger, of course, than the Galaxy Buds case. That case does have, of course, wireless charging. It has USB Type-C, so you've got that built into it as well. Now, this also have active noise cancellation which is great so when you put them in your ear, it's got a really nice fit and they give you also a ton of ear tips for that to give you the best custom fit that you can actually go with with these. But the controls are, you've got touch controls on the sides of your earbuds that give you a cycle through for your active noise cancellation. There are two levels of active noise cancellation and this also pass through and there are buttons at the top which you use for either pausing and playing music or increasing and decreasing your volume. Now, I will say this can get a little confusing but after just considerable amount of use, maybe about an hour or two, you can get used to the button controls there. Now, battery life is at 22 hours with six hours playback within the earbuds and you've got another 16 within the case. So not as long as the Galaxy Buds but when it comes to the audio quality, this thing is really nice. It is very warm in sound and it's got a nice richness to it. Now, the highs do not go as high as the Galaxy Buds which I really like the way those highs hit but the lows and the mids are really nice. They feel more robust here if you will. Now, when it comes to the microphone call quality, I'll say it's good. It's not fantastic but it's still a good microphone and the active noise cancellation is solid all the way through. I like the fact that there are two levels. You can easily tap to get a different sense if you want to. So it depends on where you are in your environment. It works out pretty well. And then of course, you have the Apple AirPods Pro. Retailer $249 is the most expensive of this whole bunch and of course, they have active noise cancellation. I have to say, I will give Apple props for the active noise cancellation. They do work out really well and they give you a nice sense feel. Now, the fit of these are also much better than the original AirPods but for me they don't fit as well all the way. I wish they had extra air tips which Apple does not provide but they still do a good job in terms of fit when you're actually using them. Now you're looking at about 24 hours of battery life with these with six hours playback with each earbuds and then of course more with the case as well. Now, this of course has wireless charging so you can actually go ahead and wirelessly charge your device and in terms of audio quality which is what you guys are thinking of, this has also a nice clean sound. The highs do not hit as high. The mids and lows are good but what you do get is a little bit of a miss there in the mids, just a bit there that kind of makes it tail off so it doesn't go as robust as I would like when you're comparing all three together. Now, the microphone as you know is war-renowned and is really, really good. Apple hasn't actually slouched it at all. You can have very good conversations with this and they'll go really well. So, how do I rank all of these? Well, when it comes to audio quality, I'm gonna start there. I have to give that to the one-mores. The one-mores sound, probably the most robust for me and every genre I try, it really plays a very rich, clean tune. Now my second are the Galaxy Buds Plus. Yes, the highs are really nice and the mids and lows are a bit lower but when I go through genres, they sound really clean and really clear and the music comes out clear. Now, the AirPods Pros are also good as well. Don't get me wrong, I'm not saying that they are bad just because they're number three. I'm just saying that in this hierarchy here, the AirPods Pro have, of course, maybe the weakest sound for me in my sound quality note. The highs don't really hit it as much and it's not as robust overall. Now, when it comes to the microphone, yep, Apple takes the lead here just by slight. Margin over the Galaxy Buds. The Galaxy Buds have come a long way to catch up to giving you clean and clear sound. Now, number three, of course, are the one-mores which are good but not as good as the other two. Now, of course, active noise cancellation is something the Galaxy Buds cannot compete with but the isolation is really good and probably better than all of the other two combined. But in terms of active noise cancellation, I give this a slight wind to one more just because it has two levels of active noise cancellation. I think its first level or the highest level is about the same as Apple's but its second level uses a different gene to skip through, if you will. Now, overall here, I have to pick one, two, and three. And of course for me, sound quality takes the leading category of all categories and I have to give that to, of course, the one-mores. The one-mores sounds the best. It has a good microphone. It also has some really good ANC and that's something that's really balanced overall at that moment with 99 price points. And of course you do have, of course, 22 hours of battery life. Now, my number two here are the Galaxy Buds Plus. The sound quality is very nice and clean and of course you've also got a really great battery life on the earbuds themselves at 11 hours and of course quick charge time of just basically three minutes to give you 60 seconds of use. Plus the microphone's been improved. Now, my number three is the AirPods Pro. They're good but of course they're too high priced for me at 249 and the audio quality is good but not great. The ANC is good, very good and the microphone is really solid. I think that's my placement for you guys here. What do you think? How would you stack them up? You might pick something else over the other but you're just reminding you again, the Galaxy Buds Plus are 149, the OneMores are 199 and the AirPods Pro are 249. So there you have it guys. Number one, OneMores, number two, Galaxy Buds Plus and number three, AirPods Pro. Leave your thoughts down below. Don't forget to like, share, subscribe and always enjoy your entertainment.


Green synthesis of nanoparticles, GNPs, involves the use of natural materials, such as plants or bacteria, to produce metal nanoparticles. This process can be used to create more environmentally friendly products, as well as to discover new applications for existing products. GNPs are often found to contain compounds derived from the original source material, such as sugars, secondary metabolites, and proteins. These compounds may contribute to the unique properties of GNPs, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity. Additionally, GNPs have been shown to be superior to chemically synthesized nanoparticles in terms of stability and bioactivity. Further research is needed to understand how these compounds affect the physical and chemical properties of GNPs, as well as to compare the performance of GNPs with those produced through other methods. This article was authored by Gregory Marslin, Karthik Sairam, Kezar Makboul, and others.


heartbeat moments lets you jump to the exact moment in the video that you're reading about to save you time. If you want to read about the cons, boom, you're on the cons section of the video. Heartbeat moments is in early access right now. What are heartbeat moments? When you are writing a blog and you are scrolling down to read it, look what happens. I'll move myself out of the way. The video follows you as you are scrolling and any time codes in your blog jump to that moment in the video. Let me show you an example. Click. Graphics and visuals of the game are top tier, absolutely stunning. Click. The dungeon fighter online is a massively popular 2d side scrolling. Godful, let's see if this game is any good. You get the idea. When you want to see the paragraph you are reading, you simply click the link and it jumps to that point in the video and the video follows you as you're scrolling so that you don't lose the video. Here, when the video is playing and you scroll down, typically you lose the video, but not now because heartbeat moments takes the video and lets, whoops, that's a bit of a chair on the edge there. Let me just hide myself and lets you continue reading while you're watching and then if you want to read about the cons, boom, you're on the cons section of the video. Heartbeat moments lets you jump to the exact moment in the video that you're reading about to save you time. Let me give you a few more examples. In my last video, I taught you how to OVOB. One video, one blog. Click that I to see the video behind me in case you missed it and this is another example of heartbeat moments. First you can see that the video is following me and if I want to read about how to add a featured image to OVOB, don't forget to add the featured image which is right here. It shows you exactly how to do it by clicking that link. I did not create these links guys. 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Here is the back end of WordPress where you can see it is in fact a WordPress plugin heartbeat moments currently has only two options activate the mini player or auto play the videos and if you look at the posts where I have my time codes whoa that's a bit messy that's better if I look at one of these posts that has the time codes you see that they are just plain text here they don't have links and it's our heartbeat moments that adds the links heartbeat moments is one of many tools we are building to help you grow another is this get a YouTube thumbnail where you simply paste any YouTube video link click get thumbnail and it instantly shows the highest resolution thumbnail that you can then use to write a video or to write a blog about that video you can use the thumbnail as your featured image and we'll have permissions will create a library of thumbnails where you can import all of your video thumbnails where you can edit your thumbnails where you can add a watermark let's say you want to add your branding into the lower left corner of all of your thumbnails you'll be able to do all of that at thumbs dot tm with a single click soon this is a prototype and right now all it does is it helps you get any thumbnail I'd love to hear your feedback freedom family what else would you like to see in the get a thumbnail and edit your thumbnail feature tell me down there in the comments below in the meantime click that I to see the playlist of every episode of the George Show in case you missed any and whom I am the George of the George Show Papa George George Sunpai writer George author George and many other names you the beautiful freedom family has given me I am the CEO and founder of freedom where we help you grow faster on YouTube and off YouTube the freedom family is going to be going through some changes in the next few months we are launching freedom talent as a talent management agency to help you grow it will not be just for freedom partners it'll be for all youtubers and if you want to get a sneak peek just head on over to talent dot tm you may be also you may also be wondering what are all these dot tms we have freedom dot tm we have thumbs dot tm we have talent dot tm we consider tm stands for team so the talent dot tm is the talent team thumbs dot tm is the thumbs team we are a team we are a family and we all help each other grow together as a family but seriously dot tm is a two-letter country code do you guys know what country that represents tell me down there in the comments below it's not hard to find out but I'm curious if you know what it is some of you also thought it means trademark tm and you could think of it that way but we like to think of it as tm for team the freedom team freedom dot tm the community team community dot tm those are all websites check them out guys links are down there in the description below until the next episode when I have more updates about heartbeat moments or thumbs or any of the other tools stay tuned to the George show get your exercise click the like button subscribe to freedom central in any of those in any order of those three things I'll see you on the next episode I am George you've been watching would you dreaming but love here click that I to partner with freedom and join the freedom family so we can all grow together you get many perks like position music you also get epidemic sound a lot of other access to royalty free videos sponsorships many things to help you grow just click the links down there in the description below to get involved in our community our forums our discord chat servers meet our graphics team meet our community team all of that on discord and the forums what are you waiting for get started and we will grow together as a family because this is the freedom family you are part of it we are all part of it and we're all growing together to get more George click that big F that will subscribe you to freedom central home of the George show and PewDiePie gave one of you freedom family a big shout out click that video to see the shout out and to see our new 3d sets for you and click that video to see what YouTube recommends you watch next