Last weekend at our supporters event in Asheville, North Carolina, I gave a talk where I proposed that mainstream economics is a broken discipline, both as an academic field of study and as a profession. So here to discuss that all-important question, is economics broken? Is our own Dr. Joe Salerno, our academic VP here at the Mises Institute and a professor of economics at Pace University in New York and Auburn University here in Auburn. So stay tuned for a fascinating talk about whether economics is truly broken with Dr. Joe Salerno. Well, Dr. Joe Salerno, welcome back to the show. You know last time you were on, believe it or not, was January of this year and we didn't yet know at that time that Trump would be the Republican nominee so we were talking at that time about whether and how the various candidates might talk about money. And so fast forward 10 months and we have heard a little bit from Mr. Trump about money. Talk a little bit about Trump. Here we've got a real estate developer. If there's anybody who could make the case that some people are unjustly enriched by artificially low interest rates at the expense of others, it would be Trump. What's your take on what he's said or hasn't said about the Fed so far? Well, he hasn't said that much, but so far it's been good. He's been suspicious of the Fed. He came out and criticized Yellen's statement and the Fed's decision not to raise rates yesterday. In the past, he said that it would be great if we could go back to a gold standard, though he did not make a commitment in any way. He definitely does not seem to be tied into the financial elites who are always plumping for the Fed to keep interest rates low and they're always defending the Fed. I read recently that Yellen fears a Trump presidency in the sense that he, at least from her perception, would rock the boat and I think we have to view that as a good thing, if that's true. Yeah, I agree. In fact, some of his statements have been contradictory, but overall he's been talking against these super low interest rates and maintaining them into the future. So I think that is really making her nervous because if you think about it, when they made the announcement about keeping rates steady, the stock market jumped, long-term bond yields fell, and so you can tell there's a bubble. The financial sector is really unstable and so even a small rise in rates that indicates continuing rates rising into the future may very well collapse the system, at least certainly the bubbles in the system, including student loans. But don't you think we've entered into such a bizarro period that even a lot of mainstream economists and mainstream financial journalists are starting to say it's a bit bizarre that we're sitting here waiting on baited breath for this latest pronouncement, whether the Fed's going to raise interest rates a quarter point? Should that really rock our world so much? No, it shouldn't. In a sound economy, we have a sound money, that wouldn't happen. Our economy has become tremendously over-financialized, the real economy. The real economy has been forgotten in all this, and the reason is, of course, the monetary fine-tuning that has gone on since the 90s, these bubbles, the tech bubble and then later on the housing bubble, and now we see a bubble in a number of areas. These unconventional monetary policies have created a sort of financial monster, and now that monster has to be fed by super low interest rates. If it's not, it's just going to dissipate, it's going to die, and they're all afraid of it. I mean, the financial economists, the people on Wall Street and so on. Well, Hillary, for her part, certainly seems to support the monster. She's been mostly silent on debt and the Fed, except to issue a little warning the other day to Trump that he shouldn't criticize it. Is your sense that she is completely comfortable with the status quo, the sort of technocratic Janet Yellen management of our economy? I think that's exactly what she wants. She's very, very comfortable with technocratic management. She doesn't want people to say anything. She wants him to believe, well, we're taking care of everything. We're the experts. The less you know about what we're doing, the better off you are. She's very anti-transparency, where at least one of Trump's themes is more transparency. Do you believe him? Do you think Trump would appoint a decent secretary of the Treasury, for example? I don't know. I don't know how much of what Trump says we can believe. What I think is that he's not a political insider, and he may make some good appointments. It seems like he's kind of said support. Trump tend to be sort of supply ciders who aren't, you know, they talk a good game about gold, but they don't want to go back to a true gold standard. But I think he would listen. He would be open-minded in these areas because he really knows that he does not know everything about that area, right?  He's been pretty open-minded on the economy. I think with Hillary, we know what we'd get, right? In terms of secretary of the Treasury, we'd get someone like Larry Summers, presumably. Larry Summers or somebody from Goldman Sachs. I mean, yeah, those are the people that we would get. It would just be more of the same. And, you know, eventually, I think we are going to have an inflation in consumer prices. Of course, we have inflation and assets. And what I fear is that if it does break out that they're going to turn to wage and price controls, I mean, this is my big fear. I I've thought about this since the early 2000s. I've mentioned this to people. And since consumer prices didn't explode upward, you know, we never got it. But that's in the back of my mind. And she would love to be involved in, you know, really planning the details of the economy. And that's scary. Well, today, Bill Bonner had an article on the LuRockel.com website talking about QE and whether additional rounds of QE will be necessary to keep this whole thing going. And he makes the interesting point that QE really represents a form of theft. In other words, it's a wealth form of wealth transfer from savers to speculators. And I'm wondering if you could elaborate on that. I don't think people I don't think ordinary people really see QE as stealing from them. You know, look, all of these unconventional monetary policies, including QE and negative interest rates now and so on, are what we would look at as a giant wealth transfer scheme that's not transparent. So what's happening is that, you know, the banks are getting money at very, very low rates and they're able to lend out at rates that are a little bit higher. The savers, the people are putting their money into savings accounts that, you know, 0.01% and so on are the ones that are getting hurt by this. Their pensions are being hurt, the incomes that they've been depending on for when they retire, they're not growing. So in that sense, yes, it's financial repression, it's pushing down interest rates to benefit the financial sector and the people that obtain funds from that financial sector, the people that invest the funds in the financial sector, the small savers and so on. Because remember, governments and corporations are the biggest borrowers in the country, right? So the small savers are the ones that are getting hurt, middle income people, lower income people. Well, I've noticed there's been a shift lately. If you recall, ever since the crash of 2008, when the Fed started rapidly adding to its balance sheet via QE, the President of St. Louis Fed and other Fed officials have told us many, many times that this is an extraordinary period, and that someday the Fed's balance sheet would return to something like normal, something like pre-crisis, pre-08 levels. And now Ben Bernanke, coming out of the Fed's meeting in Jackson Hawaii, is saying, hey, maybe it's time to rethink that. So this seems like a huge, but subtle shift in what Fed and former Fed people are saying. They're now saying that maybe the Fed's balance sheet is a permanent thing and that extraordinary monetary policy is the new normal. Yeah, absolutely. That's what they're saying. And they're now coming up with sort of ex post facto justifications of all this. They're saying things like, well, you know, interest rates are going to remain low into the future, the natural rate, which is what they're aiming at, the natural rates are going to remain low in the future, because, for example, we're going to get all this savings from the wealth you're emerging economies. So our economy is going to be glutted with savings that's going to push interest rates down. We have aging populations and aging populations with shrinking workforces means slower economic growth. And with slow economic growth, you don't want to raise the interest rate too much, you know, you got to be careful because that could collapse the economy and go back to no growth. There's low productivity now worker. They cannot explain. And let me take a step back, actually. The Fed about four or five years ago said that long term growth will return to 2.5 percent per year. Then just this past June, they lowered that number to 2 percent. Now at this latest meeting, their expectations are 1.8 percent long term growth going into the future. And the reason is there's a productivity slowdown, labor productivity, the amount that workers produce per year has gone down and they don't know why they've all admitted this. Well, we Austrians know why. We know why there's been tremendous overconsumption that is due to low interest rates that drove people's housing prices up and and their 401ks up, which which caused them then to reduce their savings during the 2000s. And the other reason is what what Austrians call amount investment. So a tremendous amount of capital was invested in the wrong things and housing and and other things. And in fiber optics in the 90s. As a result of the tech bubble in the 90s, it destroyed a tremendous amount of capital and then the the housing bubble in the early 2000s. And then what we have now. So capital is being destroyed and it's also being unwittingly consumed by people who should be saving it for the future. And with less capital, you have less machinery and investment in factories and lower labor productivity. That's why our real wages have not really been rising. But why is this such a mystery? Let's take the the Fed's economists. Economists actually work for the Fed. Apparently there's about 300 of them, many in the Eccles building, many of them with Ivy League degrees and presumably quite intelligent. What what do they learn or not learn as they obtain their PhDs in the economy? What how do they view money and monetary policy? Why are they so seemingly clueless to the facts of life as we see them? They don't understand the interest rate. They don't understand the fact that the interest rate is not a tool of government, that the interest rate is an expression of how people value future versus present goods and money. And that the interest rate pervades the market economies determined by the market economy. And when it's distorted, it causes misallocations. Just as if the government had raised the price of let's say apples. Suddenly everyone would be investing in producing more apple groves and apples and so on. And we would have a malinvestment in that respect. And a lot of that capital that could have been used to produce more cars and medicines would be destroyed. Well, that's what's happening here. That's one thing they learned. The other thing they learned is that interest rates are not an expression of how people feel about the present and future and in their savings. But interest rates are a barrier to investment. So if you push interest rates very low, everybody's going to borrow and invest. Regardless of what profit prospects they see in the future, regardless of the fact that the employers might worry about the expensive Obamacare, for example, or getting into another war. So there are many factors that affect investment. It's not just manipulating the interest rate. This is what Keynes taught the economists wrongly now who are getting their PhDs. That's still in the textbooks. That the interest rate is something to be manipulated. But it seems like there's almost a mania for borrowing and consumption over capital accumulation and saving. Well, how did this occur? I mean, this seems like a profound shift in our thinking. Yeah, I think it began to occur in the 1990s. I think when interest rates pushed down in the 1990s and then again in the 2000s, as I said, people saw the value of their stocks going up, the value of their houses going up, and they said to themselves, we don't have to save as much for our children's tuition, for our own retirement, or for any other comforts that we may want in the future, because of the falsely increasing value of our assets. So we can go out and spend most of the income that we're earning now and just allow our assets to appreciate. And so that really got us into this consumption binge, which went on through the 2000s. And you know what? The next generation has picked that up. So the millennials, you know, that's now becoming ingrained. If you look at any Americans closet, their closet are stuffed with clothing.  And those were all capital goods. But when we talk about the 1990s, it almost seems like that might as well be the 1890s. Is it true? Is it possible for a young person today to obtain a PhD in economics, knowing little or nothing about the history of economic thought? In other words, it's like we're just dropping them onto an island today? What they're learning in economics has nothing to do with the real world. I've just been reading two new books on macro, just to catch up on what modern macro is, you know, and what they're telling students. And basically, these new books, which haven't gotten to the students' textbooks, fortunately, say that the models that are made up in macro to explain the economy really have nothing to do with the economy. And you can make all of these ridiculously false assumptions. I mean, even to more extreme than Milton Friedman's whole idea that not every assumption has to be realistic. So what they're doing is they're making up models that have an island with coconuts and it has two or three people that are trying to trade on it. And they're coming up with conclusions about the real economy, about what we should do with interest rates and how we should conduct monetary policy out of these simplistic unrealistic models. It all shows off your mathematical proficiency.  It's the bottom line. Would you say that mainstream economics today is broken? Are things that bad? Should we be that worried about what goes on in academia, but also amongst professional economists? Yeah, it's completely broken. I mean, there is a soul searching going on in economics right now. And there are a number of books that have come out. I mean, they're certainly not by Austrians, but one book I'm reading is questioning the whole idea of just having this view of the economy that you can really play a game, set up a game, and without any theory, you can come up with sort of results that mimic the results of a real economy. So whether or not it's realistic, if it mimics what happens to consumption, what happens to investment and output, well then, well, that's a good model. So economics has lost the theory. The great thing about Austrian economics is that it starts with a theory, it starts with a human being at the center, a human being striving to satisfy his or her wants, and then builds up a whole theory of the economy, including business cycles and the interest rate and so on. That is not done today. People just look at these macro data, they look at what income is doing and so on, and then they try to come up with these mathematical models that mimic that. So yes, macroeconomics in particular is completely broken. They know it, and there is some soul searching, but they'll never get back to saying economics, you know, really Austrian economics is going to have to displace the main screen, okay? We can't teach them, we have to teach the students coming through. Well, it's a very scary thought, if economics is broken, then we wonder about our actual economy itself. Joe Salerno, thanks so much for joining us, and ladies and gentlemen, have a great weekend.


Researcher Colkens. After careful consideration, I have granted permission for you to read the requested document from the recovered personal effects of Foundation Person of Interest, Noah Slattery. When you're ready, notify the on-site director of containment and you'll be escorted to the proper room. This is a line item authorization, meaning you will be allowed to view this document once for a maximum of 60 minutes. You are not permitted to take notes or otherwise interact with the document in any way except as a reader. We'll secure whatever thoughts you had post facto in a Level 4 bucket for later discussion. Good luck. Site director, Fujimora. There are things older than God. An affinity for pedantria, just plain cynicism, might convince a person to assume that I mean God or his other facsimiles are a social construct. That mankind invented him more than he or she or it invented us or some other clever trick of word play in psychology. I had that debate many times over the years, especially in my youth. I remember screaming the words of my father as tears flowed down his cheeks and the anger and bile flowed out of his mouth. I screamed, God isn't real, as loud as I could, right into his face, but that was youth. I've learned since then. I've seen things as a father myself, or at least I try to see it. I remember when I yelled at my dad, I wanted the whole neighborhood to hear it. Hear that I had to finally made a stand against my pops, and I wanted them to be on my side for the battle to come. It was pretty soon after that I came down from that hive, finally showing them up. I made two very important realizations. First, no one else who heard me curse the heavens that day was on my side. Second, there are things out there older than God. Let me explain. After we finished as much of our fight as we were going to finish, I stormed out of the house. I was still wearing my church clothes and a windbreaker, and I had a wall in my pocket with $17 in it, and I still had my pride and my ignorance, not to mention prideful ignorance, but as the steps between me and my father accumulated as I crossed city streets and on my old railroad tracks, I lost some of that defined edge that tempered me into action. I mean, these were real consequences for dividing my father or my mother.  You see, there's a point in any person's life where they have to see past their parents in order to become their fullest selves. It's a leap, if you will, from a boy to a man or from a girl to a woman. Now sometimes that leap is very sudden. It's unwanted. You're unprepared. Say if your mother, your father, or both happened to die, and then you got no choice in the matter, you either collapse in on yourself and remain the ignoble cocoon of childlike helplessness, or you met a morphos into an adult, tempered like a sword, heat treated like steel.  This is it. I'm done. And for me, it was that rather quiet Sunday when I was told that I was going early to join the Rosary before Mass. I looked my father in the eye and I told him no, and then we screamed, and then I left. And then mercifully, there are those that do simply just grow up as nature more or less intended until their parents feel they can step out on their own, leaving the nest they call it. I mean, it's a good thing, right? Everyone is a bittersweetly sad, but generally for the best, or at least we say so. It's the only way to swallow the pain you're left with, but it is a way. It's what we all hope for as parents, but it takes a little bit of work to realize. And then, of course, in the distant future, after many days or years have gone by, you have your own son or your own daughter.   You can give them that. You have that power as a parent.  They'll be raised with the love you were preached about, but never really felt. They'll be better than you because you won't let them become anything less, but then the day comes when they, too, scream back in your face that you're unfair, that you don't understand them, that you don't get what it's like. Those brilliant, innocent, hopeful eyes are dead.  Fire, the passion, the hatred that you two ones felt.  It's your son or your daughter. And then the lesson sinks in. It hits home just how the more things change, the more they stay the same for you and for everybody else and the infinity of creation. Most of us will. You love to rationalize it away. Come around when he's older and you both mellowed out. But part of it, deep and quiet body of water in the farthest reaches of your soul, knows that what was done happened in a natural way you couldn't understand before. You were his God and he defied you. You were his God and you raised him wrong. You didn't give him what you promised you would in your dreamy-eyed appreciation for his innocence.  All you can do is allow the crushing existential weight of what you have done to slowly and extra blatantly catch up to you because there are things older than God and all this has all happened before. Your God was made into what he is today. When he drew that line and he told his mother, no further. That thing at sight 17 did the same thing to his mother in one day. One day we'll do the same thing to him, not for Spite, not for Malice, but because we cannot be what we were meant to be if we accept him without question until we perish. We can't be what we were meant to be if we accept anything that's so childish as to claim to be God. And if he is who and what he claims to be, he would love us all the same because we'd be his children if he isn't and just some pathetic attempt at a foster that I know him to be and as I intend to show you then we will have thrown off this falsehood and found our way back home. His mother is still out there watching our fitful adolescents from the distance he makes her keep. Those who are astute, those who know that this fake must be cast down, she sings us the sweetest lullabies and coos us to the promise of a home worthy of our aspiration. But we are not yet meant to be men and women. We are all children, poor, lost children. Without the God appears the veil we've been swallowed in because there are things older than God and they miss us.


Here are the top five healthy deals for New Jersey for February 17th, 2019. Well, it depends on what your idea of healthy is, of course. Okay, the first thing that's bugging us lately is that we have this title called top five deals and top five supermarket deals or New Jersey deals. But the problem is we can't promote sugar, really. Anything that raises your blood sugar, carbs and sugar and most people that might stumble on this channel might be looking for good deals for junk. You know, I want the best deals for Doritos. I want the best deal for just pizza and all this other stuff. And they're going to read, they see my video, go, what's this guy talking about meat and bacon and eggs and cheese. And they're going to be like, no way, this isn't healthy or these aren't good deals for us or my family. So I'm probably going to have to go more niche-oriented on this. Probably I'll rename the channel to something like Low Carb or Carnivore. This way my content matches the title a little bit better. I'm going to turn this light on real quick. That said, I'm not sure when I'm going to get around to changing the title, maybe next week or the week after. But anyway, let's get on to the deals this week. Every week, I like to promote Kings just because I feel like maybe they deserve a little bit of love. And I always find one or two things that are an actual good deal, usually either the same or better than the supermarkets. And this week I'm like, wow, I thought I found some eggs, two for seven organic. That's not bad 350. It doesn't wait a minute. It's only six eggs. So it comes out to $7 a dozen on sale. Nope, not not gonna not gonna do it. The best bet for eggs if you live in the western half of New Jersey is find a local egg farmer. They're always organic. They're not the usually day or two old eggs fresh from the farm, usually get between $2 and $4 a dozen. Fantastic. Anyway, this is the first week we're including Lidl in our in our lineup here, because they have 85% lean organic ground beef on set. Normally it's $5.50 a pound, which isn't bad for for organic, but it's buy one get one free this week. And maybe that'll be a reason enough for us to visit for the first time. We still haven't had a chance to get out to Lidl. But $2.75 a pound for organic ground beef is phenomenal. And whether it's good or not, it remains to be seen. So this week we have at Shoprite, they don't really have any good meats on sale. Well, we don't bother roasts and stuff because we can never really cook them. So I can't really promote them till I become an expert at cooking it. But they got some good dairy products this week on sale. And two of the three have digital coupons. We have to be a Shoprite member price plus club member. They have a cracker barrel cheese slices only seven ounces. Everything used to be half a pound. Now they trim off at seven ounces. But it's a buck 49 a pack with your digital coupon, which is a very good deal. And it's it's good cheese. You know, it's not the best, but it certainly is reliable. And they also have the Axelrod sour cream. And some people in our family swear on organic, I can't you can't tell the difference. But it's a bigger jug is 99 cents with the digital coupon. And I think that's a good deal. And lastly, this week's mozzarella of the week is the art. So you get a big block of that good melting muts for 2 99 a pound. So it's all about the dairy and sorry lactose intolerance people. It's not your week. And lastly, I like to try and I look at stop and shop every single week. Um, just because even though I don't like the stopping shops around our area here in New Jersey, I think I mentioned in the past that the stopping shops in the Northeast like Massachusetts were actually further northeast were were fantastic compared to the ones that I guess the district managers are doing a better job up there. But we couldn't find anything worth mentioning. However, if you look in their flyer this week, they actually have two good low carb recipes, one with some sort of buffalo chicken dip. And this is some cauliflower dip, which is like cream cheese and cauliflower. It's it looks like a fun, fun thing to make. You could probably just eat it on its own. But you know, most people are going to end up ruining the low carb aspect of it by dipping chips and pita and bread into it. But they can look at their recipes. Sometimes you find little helpful tips. Even for the season cook, okay, I haven't made cauliflower or this or that in a while. And that's it. Here comes our tip of the week next. Here's the tip of the week this week. And this is about cake cups.  Yeah, so much for the environment. I don't care if it's recycled or not. It's still plastic. I highly recommend everybody just throw those machines out. They were designed to get people to buy these pods over and over and over and over again. They're ridiculously expensive. Even on sale, these things are like 30 or 40 cents a cup. And when you're not on sale, they're like 70 or 80 cents, a cup of coffee. Now, mind you, it's a lot cheaper than going to Dunkin Donuts or Starbucks or any one of those high end coffee places that try to emotionally sway you into buying these Guatemalan beans or something free range or whatever sustainable eco this or that. God, it's just coffee. It should be like half a cent a cup really. But the cake cups, they're ridiculous. The amount of waste and the amount of space you need to make coffee just to have the convenience of a 30 second or a minute cup of coffee. I guess people are in a hurry these days and they can't be bothered with making a pot of coffee. And it's a big mess. Those coffee grinds. However, I like instant coffee. Instant coffee. Once you get used to it, it tastes it's coffee. It's your morning coffee. It does the job. I'm drinking some right now. I made it in a recycled Starbucks cup. That's my daytime imbibing. Nighttime imbibing is spiked sparkling seltzer from the Smirno. But I like the Aldi coffee. It's 295. It comes out to like two cents a cup, two and a half cents a cup of coffee. Probably more when I use these big iced coffees. But even if you go Folgers or Maxwell House, believe it or not, I don't actually like the Folgers. I like the Aldi brand best. Once you get used to it, you put a couple of scoops in your cup, hot water, cream. Some people use sugar. We don't. It tastes like coffee. You get used to it. Maybe if you're one of those people that like to drink it cold brewed or if you like it black, I can understand you can taste the difference between the coffee formulas a lot better when you drink it black. But if you don't drink it black, just you're going to ruin it or doctor it up with cream and other sweetener. Just get the instant coffee.  There's like billions of them. Those are probably clogging up the seas a lot more than plastic bags. Anyway, see you next week. I'm not sure if we're going to have a new name for this video series enough, but we got to go low carb or carnivore because trying to tell the average normie out there about this stuff is a tough sell. So I'm going to have to sell to the people that already know and they might be able to help out a little better with the low carb and carnivore type deal. So I hope I don't. I had a small audience. Anyway, so this probably won't make a difference.  Have a nice week.


Hello everyone and welcome to chapter 3 where in this chapter we'll discuss the idea of shared space which we are in right now and In shared space when it comes to traffic calming there are some pretty important elements shared space falls in the category Mostly where pedestrians are predominant. So this would include von Erf's which will take a look in a bit And also environments like this which are more geared towards shopping and activities Now a few things to note Traffic is allowed in on the street and you can see big trucks going back and forth Occasionally, but also you can see a predominance of bikes and pedestrians here You also know there's no separation between the the curb So the center part is for traffic, but there's only a very tiny sliver of a gutter To separate the bicycle and automobile space from pedestrian space in principle That should make crossing very easy and with a small profile and lots of action in and out of the stores There's no shortage of activity Now as for traffic calming you will see a car that's going to turn in here very shortly It does give that idea that That pedestrian and bikes are primary and you can see the traffic speeds here about 15 To 10 miles an hour and you'll see this actually truck pull by and the reason that the the street is open for Automobile traffic is of course for deliveries, right? So that truck is probably going to go deliver Some goods to a store and then right behind us is a car that just dropped off a passenger so To recap this is a 15 kilometer an hour zone is not quite a boner because there's lots of commercial activity going on But it is a shared space and this is one of the two models that will explore Next we'll head over to a more residential neighborhood where the traffic is much lower and over there We're also look at some elements that make it work when it comes to traffic calming in a place where there's less activity and Voila welcome to a boner so this is what is referred to when the Dutch talk about the traditional home zone the boner and Here as you can see in contrast to the shopping street. There's much less traffic in general, right? and there's much more parked cars in the background and the traffic calming here relies more on the Obstacles and the vehicles and the chicanes a sideways deflection rather than on the people themselves A few commonalities between the the boner and the shopping street both shared spaces Is that here you can also see on the on the ground? There's very little demarcation between the pedestrian sidewalk and the road center and and it's also The paving is very mixed. So the traffic zone is not clearly distinguishable from where people walk Well, that's deliberate. That's deliberate because children and people on the street should be able to walk everywhere in the whole width of the street and and the horizontal deflection for the vehicles is to make sure that People keep a speed of maximum of 15 kilometers an hour at 10 miles an hour Here you'll see the sign that's coming up is is a boner sign So you can see even the sign itself has children playing you can see a basketball or a football being thrown around so that is what the purpose of this design is so what are some key things that make this work some key things are the absence of a demarcation between the pedestrian zone and the traffic zone narrow streets in general and a Distribution of parking between the left side alternated between the left side and the right side of the street Making sure that the visual distance is always limited, right? So if you are to look down the street, you can't see very far That's about three cars length three cars length that way and you have to go around the parking switch asides And that that's in general how this works For the cyclist the cyclist There's actually very little impediment to to speed here if you're riding a bike you can pretty much go full speed Not many vertical deflections and if you look at the the intersection here It's it's it's also not dependent on vertical deflection so the owner much more horizontal deflection less dependency on vertical deflection and with that you That's only made possible because there's very limited traffic volume and and a lot of use of the The cutting off the ends so lots of use of Removing through traffic Hey, so here it is. This is the separation between the road space and The the sidewalk and as you can see I want to really show you this down here in detail as you can see this is this is all there is right and and it's just a paving color and A different type of paving stone. It's all quite standardized here in the Netherlands, which leads to lower construction costs and And the symbolism seems to be reasonably clear the red space more for cars and traffic and the the yellow or the white cement more for the pedestrian area, but as you can see It's not demarcated by any vertical displacement. It's just a visual cue Which helps with the traffic calming which helps with this idea of having a mixed modes of transport


In the spring of 2014, a team of ESO photo ambassadors embarked on a pioneering expedition to ESO's three observatories in Chile. Their mission was to capture a wide range of images and time lapses of the magnificent Chilean night sky and landscape in crisp, ultra-high definition. Join our heroes in their adventures in the arid Atacama Desert as they bring our universe closer than ever before. This is the ESOcast, cutting-edge science and life behind the scenes at ESO, the European Southern Observatory. Chile hosts some of the world's finest sites for astronomy. They offer crystal-clear views and some of the darkest night skies on Earth. This is where ESO sites its world-class telescopes. To share this unspoiled view of the sky with the public, ESO arranged an ultra-high definition expedition to each of ESO's observatories in Chile. The team was equipped with state-of-the-art tools from the world's leaders in this area of technology. The three astrophotographers, Yuri Balecki, Christof Marlin and Babak Tafreshi were accompanied by ESO's video specialist Herbert Zodette. The team began their work at the Paranal Observatory, home to the very large telescope. The time soon came for the team to leave Paranal and begin a six-hour drive through the barren Chilean desert. Their next stop was Alma, the Atacama Large Millimetre Sub-Millimetre Array. Here, high on the Chacknantor Plateau, at some 5,000 metres above sea level, Babak, Christof and Yuri were in for the ultimate low-oxygen experience. Human operations here are limited due to the extremely high altitude, but they worked hard to deliver as many stunning shots as they could in the cold, dry, thin air. After long nights of imaging at Alma in the tough conditions of the Chacknantor Plateau, our team took a deep breath and headed south towards their final destination, La Silla, ESO's first observatory. On the outskirts of the Chilean Atacama Desert, it is here that ESO operates several telescopes and many ESO member states also run projects at their own facilities. The team made a tour of the large site to scout for the best places for imaging during the nights ahead. Once again, they captured some visually stunning content. ESO's ultra-high definition expedition has resulted in a wide range of content including time lapses, stills and panoramas of the night sky in superb ultra HD quality. 10 terabytes and more than 100,000 photos in total. And for Babak, Christof and Yuri, this trip certainly was the perfect occasion to test their skills at the best possible sites for astrophotography. The Chilean skies did not disappoint them. With very little public ultra HD content widely available up to now, ESO is offering all of these high quality visuals for audiences from consumers to broadcasters for free. You can now download the first results from ESO's website. Stay tuned for much more as the very best images will be released as ESO pictures of the week over the coming months. Ultra HD adds a new level to our stunning footage of the cosmos. A whole new immersive dimension.


Slavery, legally sanctioned in the south and for a long time in the north as well, was supported at every turn by legal structures. So something that I like to use a lot in teaching just to get students thinking about this are these receipts. These are receipts. And the one I'm holding right now is dated Norfolk, September 17th, 1853. It's a printed receipt that's been filled out. It's something that's very similar in a way to something that you might buy at an office supply store. If you went and needed a book of receipts because you had a business. It's got a blank space that you can fill in place and date. And then it says 18-5 and blank. So just like today in writing a check, you might have a set of receipts just to make things easier. They might write 2-0-0 and then you can put in 2009 or 2008 or something like that just to make it just a little easier in filling out a receipt. It's got this, it's obviously a book of receipts that you can fill out all through the 1850s. Then it says, received of blank dollars being in full for the purchase of blank Negro slave named blank. The right and title of said slave blank warrant and defend against the claims of all persons whatsoever. And likewise warrant blank sound and healthy as witness my hand and seal and then the title of this. And it's very elegant 19th century receipt. It's in nice filigree kind of handwriting. It's got lovely illustrations on the side that depict kind of the engines of commerce for the time. There's a steamboat and there's a clippership and there's a railroad. And it says Murphy and company printers Baltimore. Thinking about it, now who, how many people are involved in this receipt? It's being printed by a printer in Baltimore, but it's being printed for probably a lot of people. But this one in particular it's noted it's sold by a bookseller in Richmond. This particular receipt is dated in Norfolk. Now if you were teaching students using this for the classroom one of the first things you might want to do is list all of the locations that are on this receipt and any of the other receipts you are so that students get a sense of the geography of the place like where's Baltimore in relationship to Richmond and where's Norfolk and why might this receipt be dated in Norfolk.


Hello, shipmates. I'm here to talk about cybersecurity. First, don't take the bait. Always verify the source of emails and the links in emails. If you're directed to a site for an online deal that looks too good to be true, it probably is too good to be true. When in doubt, throw it out. Don't open suspicious links in emails, tweets, posts, or messages or attachments, even if you know the source. And don't connect unauthorized devices such as thumb-drives and cell phones to your computer. Unauthorized devices may contain software that allows attacker inside the Navy's network. Also, don't forget to remove your CAC card. Removing your CAC and locking your computer when you're not using it, you don't have to make it easy for an inside attacker. Use a strong password. Don't use easily guessed or weak passwords and safeguard them so they can't be stolen. And don't use peer-to-peer programs that share files. These programs can spread bad software inside the Navy's network defenses. An example of this is sharing music files. And finally, don't use systems in unauthorized ways. Cybersecurity is something we all have to focus on each and every time we log on to a Navy network or use a system that connects to the network. We all have a responsibility to protect our Navy networks and systems. And ultimately, the security of our shipmates. Follow those tips I just provided and think cybersecurity before you act and before you click.


Welcome back to our lecture series, Math 3120, transition to advanced mathematics for students at Southern Utah University. As usual, I'll be your professor today, Dr. Andrew Misildine. In lecture 24, we're actually in for a treat. The usual scheme for the lectures inside of this lecture series is that we have three videos from each lecture. The first one focuses on a math topic, the second a logic topic, and the third about some type of communication issue in mathematical writing. Now, we're still going to have three videos, but it turns out both videos. The first two videos in this lecture 24 are going to be focused on logical techniques. We're trying to wrap up our discussion about integers leading to the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. One of the most important theorems involving integers, of course. We're going to prove that in the next video. Our third video, of course, will be about mathematical writing as usual. But I actually want to introduce two new proof techniques in these videos, one in this and one in the next. Honestly, both of them are introduced to give us some very important results about integers. In this video, I want to talk about the idea of proof of a disjunction. Now, by comparison, I want you to note that most of the statements that we've been focusing on have been proofs of conditional statements. If P implies Q, how do you prove that? Well, the main idea that we use is we look at a direct proof, which remember that technique, we assume P to be true, and then we have to argue that Q is also true. That proves the conditional statement. But in addition to direct proof, we, of course, can use the contrapositive, for which the contrapositive, what we do there is that we assume the conclusion is false, and then we argue that the hypothesis is false as well. Those two methods are both valid and essentially logically equivalent to each other. So you can use either one to prove a conditional. I should also mention we've also introduced this method of contradiction, proof by contradiction. A contradiction is not necessarily restricted. I feel like I misspelled the word contradiction there. Contradiction, there we go. A contradiction is the proof by contradiction is not necessarily restricted to conditional proofs. Honestly, to do proof by contradiction, all you have to do is just assume the statement you're trying to prove is false and then derive a contradiction. That works, of course, with conditional statements. You can use that all the time, okay? So what about other types of statements that we have to run across? Not every statement is conditional, even though this is one of the most important ones we deal with. Now, other conjunctions, I should say other connectives that we've run across before is the conjunction, an and statement. How do you prove something like P and Q? Well, it turns out it's not so bad. If you wanna prove P and Q, you first prove P and then you second prove Q, right? So if both of them are true, then their conjunction will be true as well. And so for a conjunction to be true, every term, every statement in the conjunction has to be true. So you can just prove each and every one of them individually and that's fine. So conjunctions deserve no more attention than that to prove because that's all it is. Pretty simple. Now, what I wanna focus now on is the idea of a disjunction. What happens if you wanna prove the disjunction, the or statement P or Q? Now it turns out that the way you can do this is actually to think of it as a conditional. We've seen before that a conditional statement can be rewritten as a disjunction. You can also rewrite a disjunction as a conditional for which this would become not P implies Q, okay? And thus, if you think of the disjunction as a conditional statement, you can prove it by direct proof. How would you do this? You would assume not P and then you would conclude using of course logical implications that Q holds from there. So if P doesn't happen, then Q has to happen as well. And I want you to think in terms of the language here of a disjunction. So there's two options.  So we're gonna have pizza tonight or ice cream, okay? And so I make one of those promises. And like we said before, sure. If I give them pizza and ice cream, that's also a true statement, but I gotta give them the least one of those. Otherwise I've lied to them and that'd be horrible. So well, if I come home and I don't have any pizza, it's like, oh, pizza's not true. Pizza's not gonna happen. Then ice cream would have to happen in that situation. This is commonly referred to as like this disjunctive syllogism.   So it's not exactly the same thing, but the idea is if you have an or statement and you know one of the statements is false, then if the or statement is true, the other one has to be true. That's what this implication is saying. If P doesn't happen, then Q has to happen. So basically the way that you handle a disjunctive proof is you actually treat it by cases, okay? So there's basically two cases. The first case is that P is true. Now if P is true, you can then conclude that P or Q is true because again, if one of the statements is true, then the disjunction is true as well. Then the second possibility is that well, P is not true. Now if P is not true, you then want to show that Q is true and then if Q is true, that then would imply that P or Q is true as well. Now this first case is trivial, okay? If P is true, then P or Q is true as well. It's the second case that requires some effort because if P is not true, it's not automatically obvious why Q is true and argument has to be made there. So oftentimes this first case is skipped entirely and like I said, you just start off with assume, assume not P and then therefore you have to conclude Q holds. That's how you prove this thing because if Q holds, then this follows as well. So again, we kind of cut out the obvious parts and we focus just on the non-trivial part. That's what's necessary for the proof. Now some people will include this. You might say something like oh, if P is true, then we're done because it's trivial and therefore assume that not P is the case. So let's see an example of this. Let me get on my screen a little bit, all right? I actually want to use this technique of disjunction to prove Euclid's lima. Euclid of course is a very, very famous mathematician in some regard, one of the first modern mathematicians. Don't get me wrong. He lived around, what was it, 400 BC or so? So I mean, this was thousands of years ago but Euclid's books, the elements, right? Several books there, lots of chapters about number theory, geometry, so many things. It was one of some of the first, well at least in modern history, it was the first known attempts to actually develop rigorous proofs to defend mathematical statements. Now don't get me wrong, Euclid had a lot of mistakes, a lot of unstated assumptions inside of his writings but nonetheless, I mean, again, like 400 BC, this was a phenomenal breakthrough compared to what mathematics was beforehand. Before Euclid, mathematics was often kind of considered really just like arithmetic. It was like for finances, it was for construction and engineering. It was an applied science. But really because of the work of the ancient Greeks, Euclid being very prominent in this conversation here, because of the ancient works of the Greeks, Euclid, the Pythagoreans, et cetera, we actually then started to see that mathematics is more of an abstract science and not necessarily the supplied science. So a lot is attributed to Euclid in that regard. One of which, of course, will be referred to as Euclid's lemma. We've referenced Euclid's lemma several times in this lecture series and we're now at the point where we're gonna prove it. And we're gonna prove it just using this method of disjunction, for which case then it doesn't depend on any of the previous results we've ever done. So there's no circular reasoning here. Let's prove Euclid's lemma using this method. Because after all, Euclid's lemma essentially comes down to proving a disjunction. Let A and B be integers and let P be a prime number. So then what Euclid's lemma says is if A divides the product, sorry, if P divides the product AB, then either P divides A or P divides B, okay? So the structure of this argument is this is a conditional, if, if, then. So if P divides AB then, okay? So we have that initial statement P divides AB, but then the statement, the conclusion, it's itself a conjunction, excuse me, a disjunction, it's an OR statement. And that's why we're proving it here like so. So our, since the statement is fundamentally A, if then statement, we're gonna start with direct proof. We're gonna assume the hypothesis and then argue that the conclusion holds here. So to start off with, suppose that P divides A, that is there exists some integer K such that AB equals PK, like so. Now, so this right here is the hypothesis of the conditional statement. Now what we have to do is we have to now show, given this assumption, we have to show that P divides A or P divides B. So we have to now prove a disjunction, an OR statement. Now, how do you show a disjunction? Well, you'd be like, well, if P divides A, we're done. If not, then we have to argue that P divides B. So that's what's then gonna happen. Suppose next that P doesn't divide A. So this is for our disjunctive statement here. Now, if P doesn't divide A, since P is a prime number, and that means that then the greatest common divisor of P and A has to equal one. Because P only has two positive divisors, one and P. As P doesn't divide A, the only other possibility would be one in that situation. If you take the GCD of a prime and any other number, the GCD is either one, if the prime doesn't divide the number, or it's P, if the prime does divide the number. So we get one in this situation. Now, because of the Euclidean algorithm, again, that's the same Euclid here, because of the Euclidean algorithm, since the GCD of P and A is equal to one, we can actually write one as a linear combination of A and P, where there's two other integers, R and S. I don't really care what they are, but there's two integers, R and S, such that AR plus PS is equal to one. Now, this is an equation of integers. If I multiply both sides of the equation by B, I then get B is equal to ABR plus PBS. It's just like the TV station there, right? Now, remember our original hypothesis, AB was divisible by P. So AB, I can substitute in, oh, I can substitute in for that PK, like so. And then you have P, P. This thing is divisible by P. We can factor it out, and B is then equal to P times KR plus BS, which this shows that since P divides the right-hand side, P has to also divide the left-hand side. So this gives us that P was, P divides B. And that then proves the disjunction we're looking for. If P doesn't divide A, then it must have divided B. So the two cases are then taken care of. P either divided A or divided B. This then proves Euclid's lemma, which will be useful for the theorems we've used it already for, but also be helpful as we prove the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. But also it gives a good example of how one proves a disjunction. You assume one of them is not, and then the one that's surviving you show actually must be the case.


Hey what's up guys welcome to trending reviews so today I want to show you a couple of examples of how I shoot top down videos so when I do unboxing on the tabletop here I want to show you a couple of really convenient ways of getting the perfect shots from high up looking down onto the table and there's a couple of methods that I use and there's one specific new brick that I've just recently bought and I wanted to showcase that to you guys so let's take a look All right guys so this is the first method that I usually use for my top down videos as you can see I've mounted my camera onto a tripod which has a ball head now this is a very heavy duty Andoa tripod I've just got it on the legs I don't have anything mounted on it and I've got a tilted arm there which comes out to the top and then I expand the camera downwards using the ball head there so as you can see it works fairly well and I've used this for the past couple of years as my main method and this is probably the most common way that most youtubers or tech influence or whatever you do to showcase top down videos this is probably going to be the method that you use now of course depending on the weight of your camera it might be useful to weigh it down with this clip here maybe get like a sandbag just so that it doesn't fall over especially if you don't have a heavy duty desk or anything blocking the tripod on the floor now speaking of that the second way I normally shoot videos in this method is using a tripod dolly to lock down the wheels so that the tripod doesn't fall over eliminating the need for me to get any type of sandbag for that clip now let me show you how that looks okay guys so this is the tripod dolly as you can see it's a three ways flip so what I've done is I've basically locked the legs into the dolly there and it is adjustable you can move this backwards and just tighten it as much as you want and this has a lock on the wheels to make it even more secure so the dolly won't move around now this eliminates my need to put any sort of backpack or any sandbag on this to prevent the actual arm from tilting over and you have the flexibility of moving the tripod around quite easily so that's another way I usually record my top down videos and now this is a brand new way that I've just found and I'm going to show you that next okay so this this is my new way of shooting top down videos now this rig and this set up is called the glide gear oh h100 and it's an adjustable overhead camera platform it's very heavy duty it's durable it's solid and it comes with a few pieces very easily to assemble now this sits on top of your desk and it can get in the view of your camera if you've set it up on your tripod and you're just presenting so I normally put this to the side and put it on the desk when I need to shoot downwards to set the camera up I've connected this on the top here which is basically a mount for your DSLR or mirrorless cameras it's got a quarter inch right there so you can connect it directly to the bottom of your camera and then you don't need to have any leveling meter with it as well it's always going to be equal to the desk level so this is so convenient now to make it even more convenient the one thing I really wanted to do with this is make sure the transition from my tripod using the ball head here I want to use the mount that is already connected to the camera to mount it on this so what I've done is I've just bought an additional ball head which has the same type of mount and I'm going to screw that into this little mount here on the glide gear so let me set that up now so this is the screw without it and you have to just basically move it to wherever you want to adjust it so now let me connect the new ball head and there we go as you can see the ball head has been mounted on there and now it's a very easy transition for me to put my camera directly on this from the tripod and it also comes with a little leveling meter there as well so I can see if it is parallel to the actual desk very convenient quick and easy this is the setup and it's quite lightweight as well so it's very easy to tuck away when it's not in use you can just put it on the floor to the side against the wall and it doesn't take up much space the only thing to remember with this type of setup is if you have a very weak or a very lightweight desk if you are doing a lot of unboxing videos and you shake the desk then this might shake the camera with it because the actual rig is on top of the desk whereas the tripod is separate and it's not touching the table so just be aware of that but other than that this covers everything on how to shoot some really cool top-down videos this glide gear OH100 comes at just under $200 on the BHP photo and video website I'll leave a link in the description below of where you can check that out otherwise if you have any questions let me know down below those I hope you subscribe and I will catch you guys next time take care


Along with moving everything online during the pandemic, institutions reexamined their business models and considered new ways to provide value. They found themselves taking digital transformation on, whether they were ready or not, just to survive. It's time to take advantage of that momentum and build on it. EDUCAUSE's showcase on digital transformation offers four lessons. Let's explore them, learn how to act on them, and then put them in context. It's time for higher education to transform as UVU president Astrid Estimenez describes. The disruption has been going on for a very long time in higher ed. Our culture is not always known for agility and I think the transformation, it comes with a mindset that we have understanding who the people are that we're trying to serve with higher education and then really putting students more at the center of everything we do. Since the pandemic, many more institutions began DX journeys. EDUCAUSE's recent DX quick pull showed an enormous 31 percentage point jump in the number of institutions that are engaging in DX today compared with just two years ago, the fall before the pandemic. So it's time to learn about what digital transformation really is. EDUCAUSE has some useful resources to help you learn, including a solid definition, a slide deck you can use to introduce DX to a group of people at your institution, and a special website to help guide your learning. Cost, getting buy-in, and being technically prepared are all barriers that may make it hard for your digital transformation efforts. The biggest though is insufficient cross institutional coordination. In a recent case study sponsored by Spectrum, EDUCAUSE described Arizona State University's technology office. They're improving cross institutional coordination by changing the IT culture to become more collaborative and proactive. They've hired a new chief culture officer and built positive core values and leadership principles. It helps to understand more about your institution's readiness for digital transformation. EDUCAUSE has a DX self-assessment you can take to identify areas to focus on. Digital transformation is a series of journeys during which the institution focuses on particular outcomes like enrollment and makes the shifts in culture, workforce, and technology that are required to achieve those outcomes. Over time, changes in the institution's culture, workforce, and technology accrue to enable even greater transformation to achieve even more ambitious objectives. EDUCAUSE has a tool you can use to start drafting your next DX journey. Our DX strategy on a page helps you work with a group at your institution to help clarify the impact you hope to have, and then the work you'll need to do to get there. The pandemic has focused institutions on transforming teaching and learning so they can happen well, any place and any time. According to Hodges and McCulloch's EDUCAUSE review article, involving faculty in DX is more possible than ever. They described a UNC Charlotte initiative to help faculty use the LMS to its full potential. They've created two tools, a standard LMS course template for any faculty member to download and adapt, and a customizable checklist for online course design. And so we've learned four lessons from EDUCAUSE's digital transformation showcase. Where do we go from here? The 2021 IT issues report suggests three scenarios for higher education. One of them is transform or redefining the institution and taking an active role in creating the innovative future of higher education. Institutions on the transformational path have already begun their DX journeys. They're shifting their culture, workforce and technology to help the institution achieve transformational outcomes. For those just beginning to explore DX, remember our four lessons and learn about DX, know where you stand, design your upcoming DX journey and consider a journey for faculty.


on a different project in this case related to medical prescriptions. Our client is a multinational company that operates in South Central and North America and monthly receives thousands of images and its operators manually transcribe them coding each entity according its database codes. For each prescription is necessary to code the doctor, the name of the doctor, the medicine with its information, dosage, application and laboratory and the institution where it was prescribed. You must know that detecting names is not enough, entities must be code in an exact way. Additionally, it's important you know that images are generally bad, low quality, tangled out of focus, shaded, mixed with other images taken from too far, etc. Here we can see an example, we can see the name of the doctor in blue circle and in red, medicines, dosage and form of application. Here we can see two prescriptions, another one and the last two. Notice that the prescription is inside the picture we have, okay? So it's very difficult to detect exactly where the prescription and the entity is on. Okay, which is the objective? The objective of this company obviously is to reduce transcription times and the cost. So we have set out to preprocess each prescription in order to present the obtained results on screen with the proposal of validation and eventually correction by an operator. The project is economically viable only if operator intervention is minimal allowing them to process more prescriptions by the hour. We have three problems, three issues to face. The first one is the transcription. The second one is the entity recognition. This implies detection of the entities in the text. And the last problem we have is coding the entities, that means assign each entity its code in the basis of master tables. Okay, for the first problem, we tried, first off, we tried with public models in particular transformant Titan model, but we decided to create our own HDR and baseline model with almost 10,000 prescriptions. We obtained better results. The second problem with respect to name entity recognition, we analyze three different options. The first one was to use NLP libraries like Spacey, NLTK, etc. The second one was to use cloud services like Amazon Comprehensive Medical and others. And the last one was to use transformer models, specifically large language models. You know, these models require not training because understand context and generate coherent responses. So this last option has been the option of choice. So we tried two models, a paid for and a free one. The first one, GPT 3.5 Turbo and Lama 2. Using GPT, we had superior, it was superior to Lama 2, at least in our test. And the follow with procedure. It's important here to have a sweet table prompt engineering and the implementation of retrieval augmenting generation. Starting from a grand through with the format of 1000 target descriptions saved in a vector store upon processing each prescription look up of the closest format in vector store and use it as one shot example. And the use of embeddings allow us to increment the percentage of recognized recognized entities. Here we can see a typical JSON file we are obtaining after the process with with each entities. And the last, the last phase is the coding. It is necessary to normalize the JSON file. So we are doing a general cleaning normalization of approbations orthographic correction Levenstein application, etc. Here we can see a before after example of the process, you can see the original text and below the normalized. So, addition, once normal is normalization is accomplished. Accomplished matching with database is relatively simple. Additionally, we're testing right now embeddings to search by cosine similarity when entities doesn't match exactly results until now. 90% 95% is detected and correctly code. And with respect medicine 70% is detected and correctly code and 20% is partially detected. Obviously, we are working right now to increment the percentage of efficacy improving the improving the process in all its stages. Right now, right now we are in a full concept testing with the client. The test consists in the preprocessing of 50,000 prescriptions and the generation of metrics that can measure productivity. That's all thank you very much for your attention. Are there any questions. Do you get a confidence score with detections and can you use that. The customer is very happy with the results we are getting right now. The percentage of the pre-op 90% 95% in doctors and in medicine 70%. But we're trying to improve the process. I know we can improve the process in each stages. We have a lot of work to do we can in increment the percentage. Welcome.


In this video, we provide the solution to question number 23 for the practice final exam for math 1050. We have to graph the function f of x equals negative e to the x minus one plus two. And we're gonna graph this using transformations. We need to list the transformations. So our basic graph here, what's the basic graph? It's the function y equals e to the x, which of course is gonna look something like this, right, this exponential function. Okay, that's the basic graph. What are the transformations in play here? Well, what does this negative sign do? That negative sign means we're going to reflect, we're gonna reflect across the x-axis, okay? This x minus one suggests that we're gonna shift the graph right by a factor of one. And this plus two means we actually are gonna shift the graph up by two. Now with exponential functions like I drew it on the board a moment ago, one of the things to pay attention with the exponential is that if there's no transformations in play here, an exponential function will have a y intercept at y equals one. And it'll have this upward direction assuming the base is greater than one in that situation. E, you know, it's about 2.7, that's the case. There is a horizontal asymptote, of course, at the x-axis. This is when it's untransformed. So based upon the transformations, these things might change. If we reflect across the x-axis, this y intercept will then come down to negative one, the vertical asymptote is left alone. If we shift things to the right, right, that moves that point over there, and if we shift things up, that moves the point, it also moves the asymptote. So let's pay attention to those things. I'm gonna first draw the asymptote for an exponential. So like I said, if your asymptote is the x-axis, a reflection across the x-axis doesn't do anything. If you're the x-axis and you shift everything to the right by one, it doesn't move, it doesn't affect a horizontal line, so no big deal. But going up by two does affect the horizontal asymptote here. So because of the shift, our horizontal asymptote is now going to be at y equals two. When graphing an x-adventure function, you definitely should list its horizontal asymptote. If any of these graphs have asymptotes, they should be on the graph illustrated here. So let's pay attention to that, where that happened to that y-intercept again, right? So it started off at y equals one, we then reflected down, it becomes y equals negative one. We shifted to the right by one, and then we shifted up by two. So in the end, we ended up at the point one comma one. So that's the, we have to at least list one point, so that's the point we listed right there. Then we have to draw the rest of it. It should still have the same basic exponential shape. It's been shifted. It hasn't been stretched at all, but it was reflected. So instead of going upwards, it should go downwards to match up with this point we have right here. On the left-hand side, it should still be going off towards its horizontal asymptote, trying to draw that effectively like so. And then otherwise it'll go down like so. And so this is the graph then of F, where the three transformations are listed here to the right.


Let's take a look and see how Kurtail deals with empty lists. Here we have a list with shape 20 and it has two rows, but they're empty rows. Well, Kurtail will do what it always does, which is to strip off that last row, create a shape of one zero, and that's the result that we get. This next example is a little bit different because it's empty as well, but its shape is zero two, so it has no items. Well, if a shape has no items then Kurtail has no effect on it. So unlike the atom where we had a single item which was itself, if there are no items the result is exactly what is sent in. The Kurtail monadic verb. A monadic verb with infinite rank that returns a list with the last item of its argument removed. I hope after seeing some of these examples you'll have a better sense of how to use Kurtail.


Yeah, so this is a very, very short flash talk. So I heard someone talking about scraping using phantom.js and then they wrapped it around Java without a script. So it's not JavaScript. So this is how you do it. So I just wrote a very small node script which spawns phantom.js. So you don't have to go into Java. And I pushed it to GitHub just in case anyone wants to clone it. So what this does is you need to include child process API of node and then, of course, phantom.js. And I've given an href to scroll back. So what it'll do is scrape all the charts which are happening in scroll back and push it to a file. I won't go into a lot of detail, but the code should be self-explanatory.  Yeah, fine, yeah. So the child process, make the text bigger. Yeah. Anyway, so I'm not really going into the code. We are already short of time. So what basically it does is spawns a child process of phantom.js. So you can probably loop around it and spawn multiple phantom.js processes and maybe even walk a directory, test your entire website or scrape a website.  So you need to add this small console message so that your console actually logs, which is inside phantom.js. And I've added a non-jQuery document.getElements by class, and which will return a page output. And if we could just write it to a file hasgeek.txt, yeah, if you could just run it and go back after it's done. So OK, stay there. It should get a new file up there any time now, any time. Yeah. So no one's chatting right now. We could try it once more. So no, no, it'll capture. So control C once more. Hit true, try to, yeah, someone chat. Yeah, yeah. So it's on GitHub. If you could click the Chrome browser down there, just clone it and do whatever you want with it. So phantom has a lot of capabilities. You can screenshot things and then compare them using resemble. So like whatever. Thanks.


Ladies, gentlemen, honoured guests. So I'm delighted to welcome you to the 7th Annual Openness Awards. Before we begin, please note that can you keep your microphones on mute unless you're presenting and you will notice in the top left hand corner of your screen we're recording this event and it will eventually be uploaded onto the UAR website. So thank you for joining us. I know I speak for the whole of the UAR team when I say we're very disappointed that this event is not a physical one this year. But with the vaccine years being published every day then perhaps we're feeling a little more positive than we would would be otherwise and I hope that by next year we'll certainly be able to celebrate these awards and the Paget Lecture in person with a glass of wine. So we're very grateful technology exists for us to host this virtual version of the Openness Awards but we didn't feel it would be right to present the 84th Stephen Paget Memorial Lecture over Zoom. So we're thrilled that Professor Claes Danford is happy to postpone her lecture till next year when we really look forward to hearing it then. I'm Chair of UAR's Council and as Chair it's always a pleasure to see how the Concordat has developed every year. This year of course has been particularly challenging. We were disappointed to have to cancel the Signatories Workshop in May and reporting the Annual Openness Progress this summer was obviously difficult for many people. Nevertheless the publication of the 6th Annual Concordat Report today which you can now see on your slide and I believe there has been in the chat box a link to it so you can look at it at your leisure. It shows that we have done a lot in supporting Openness in animal research communications and thank you to everybody who contributed that. It's been over six years since the Concordat was launched and today's report shows that the majority of the Signatories continue to engage proactively with the media and with the general public. Engagement with schools and with local communities remains high and there continue to be opportunities for journalists, members of the public and non-research staff to step inside animal facilities which of course would never have been possible without digital technology. Online communications have become even more important this year and the report highlights the widespread use of social media and dedicated animal research websites to engage digitally and here's an example I can see the infograms coming up. The use of video and online lab tours to illustrate facilities and research has grown and more Signatories than ever are sharing their animal use statistics and providing detailed information for example on the severity and harms experienced by their animals. The UK's Concordat has also demonstrated the importance of openness in animal research communications so that we are seeing countries across Europe following our example and developing their own transparency agreements and we're also supporting colleagues in the United States, Australia and New Zealand as they create Openness initiatives and indeed in the council meeting just before this session Wendy was telling us that she's talking to the New Zealand representatives actually tomorrow about this. Once the UAR team is back in their office they will be sending out printed copies of this report until then as you've seen there's a link to it it's available on the website and it tells you how to find that in the chat box. This year we've welcomed several new Signatories to the Openness to the Concordat including the ones you can see on here, Children with Cancer UK, Kidscan Children's Cancer Research, the National Environment Research Council, Pancreatic Cancer UK, Wings for Life and most recently UKRI. We're delighted that all of these have signed the Concordat and we're also very grateful for UKRI in particular for supporting these awards. Last year we announced the first Leaders in Openness awards and the creation of Leaders in Openness allows us to recognise Signatories that are consistently achieving and embedding good practice. This standard isn't appropriate for all Concordat Signatories but those that are successful have shown that they've met good practice criteria and I'm delighted to note that the University of Edinburgh has this year joined our previous list of 13 Leaders in Openness so congratulations to the University of Edinburgh. Now the Leaders in Openness shouldn't be confused with the long-standing Openness awards which we're here for today. The Openness awards recognise excellence and innovation in communications around the use of animals in research and the winners are organisations that push the boundaries of openness and lead by example. This year rather than having prescribed award categories we invited Signatories to nominate themselves for any piece of work they've done to support Openness in animal research and to illustrate this we're now going to play a short video to highlight all the awards nominations for 2020. They've ensured that the awards encompass many facets of Openness and meet the aims of the Concordat. This year for the first time the committee made the awards on the basis of majority rather than unanimous decisions and I think that reflects really the fact that there's such a variety to choose from. It also reflects the challenges of innovation and the space where so much work has already been accomplished and inevitable differences in what ideas of that Openness actually includes. It's encouraging to realise how quickly we've reached a point where organisations are thinking about how to have tricky conversations with hard-to-reach groups where not so long ago even straightforward approaches needed quite a lot of encouragement and of course I'd like to thank you all our Concordat Signatories. Without your inspiring work in open animal research communications the Concordat would not be the success it is today. Before I hand over to the award presenters I'd like to note that if you turn out to be an award winner please feel free to take yourself off mute and say a couple of short words after you've been presented with the award and there are four awards and without further ado I'd like to welcome Professor Nick Wells who will present the first award Nick. No I have to say something first. Nick is a Cambridge University trained vet and after several years in a very mixed general practice he completed a PhD at the University of Wyoming studying comparative exercise physiology and he's held faculty positions since then at the Royal Vet College and Imperial College. In 2010 he moved back to the Royal Vet College as professor in translational medicine. His research interests include the testing of potential therapies for neuromuscular diseases and on laboratory animal welfare. He's currently chair of the Animal Sciences Group of the Royal Society of Biology. He's the co-chair of the UK Bioscience Centre Coalition and he's a member of the steering group for the Concordat on Openers in Animal Research so now over to you Nick. Thank you very much Sherry. Okay so this first award is for a university that launched a media campaign to highlight work with one of their best so one of their more unusual research species work which is aiding the global search for vaccines and treatments against COVID-19. This campaign was designed to support communications from universities UK on how universities are aiding the response to the coronavirus but this campaign aimed to reach beyond the usual science or medical story audience. Their campaign included pictures and details of the animals involved. They explained the nature of procedures undertaken and why animals are important to the research specifically focusing on COVID-19. The story was shared across social media and also received excellent coverage in traditional media and that coverage included a particularly well reported item on BBC TV news. The Openers Awards judging committee felt that the university communications team showed an excellent grasp of news creating a compelling piece that will help many people to better understand the use of animals in research. Their approach is bold, courageous and relevant. They're willing to be questioned about their research harnessing social media effectively at a time when people are curious and engaging extensively online. While this university has developed a similar story in the past their engagement with the media remains leading for the research sector. The judges are pleased but unsurprised to see that this approach is resulting in excellent news coverage. So as you probably guessed congratulations to the University of Reading for effectively engaging with the media on how your llamas are used in COVID-19 research and if somebody from the University of Reading would like to say something that would be great. Thanks Dominic. I'm Pete Castle. I work in the communications team at the University of Reading. I don't know if any of my scientific colleagues are here to also accept the award on behalf of the university but if unless anyone wants to pop up then I guess it's me but thanks very much. It's a great surprise and a real honor to be to have an award for the second year running involving llamas. I think the trick then is just to do research with llamas I think is the answer for everybody and also I think I should just say the real award here is for our scientific colleagues who work on large animals at the university's farms who are an absolutely splendid bunch of people to work with who are always open to new ideas and to working with me and my colleagues in the communications sort of function of the university. They're the ones that actually do all this work along with colleagues in the Reading School of Pharmacy and elsewhere the School of Agriculture and it's because they're able to come up with these kind of or willing to accept these kind of crazy mancap ideas that we're able to have to do some good stories around it so thanks very much and also thanks to Jeremy the llama who started this all off yesterday and who may or may not have been named after Jeremy Pearson. I hope he wasn't but I'd be delighted if he were he deserves an honor certainly but anyway so thanks Pete and your colleagues at the Reading World done and thanks to Nick for introducing you and awarding the prize now. The second award tonight that'll be presented by Professor Matt Geel. Matt's been working with Xenopus Frogs since starting his PhD in 1984 at King's College London. He's mainly focused on gene regulation mechanisms and he's established the European Xenopus Resource Resource Centre at Portsmouth where he's Professor of Developmental Genetics. This centre supports more than 200 biomedical research labs around the world with molecular and animal resources and the staff also developed new genetically modified frogs. They introduced new research techniques and improved frog welfare. Recent advances in gene editing have transformed the frog tadpole into a powerful tool for studying rare genetic diseases and this is now the focus of Matt's lab so over to you Matt I hope I can see the castles on the screen here yes here he is Matt thank you okay thank you very much Jeremy. So in 2019 this institution developed a teacher's toolkit to raise awareness about the use of animals in research and the role of animal care staff in providing good welfare. The free toolkit which is linked to the curriculum was designed for teachers with pupils age 19 sorry 9 to 14 years old to download and use in the classroom. It supports classes to explore the scientific method using a series of simple pupil guided experiments with earthworms. The toolkit highlights the importance of studying animal behaviour. It introduces the three Rs and gives teachers and pupils practical experience of designing their own investigation using earthworms. Additional support for teachers is delivered via CPD sessions and the toolkit's been downloaded for use with young people across the world including Europe, Africa, South America and North America. Although the use of unprotected animals in classroom demonstration should not be taken lightly this toolkit encouraged sensitivity in working with living animals to study behaviour. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic the institution then adapted the toolkit for use by families at home and it has been downloaded for use with over four and a half thousand young people across the UK. The openness awards judging committee felt that this was an innovative and exciting piece of schools engagement which will encourage young people to think differently about animal behaviour and how we understand it. Congratulations to the Roslin Institute for creating a toolkit to support school engagement on the use of animals in science, welfare and the three Rs. So someone from the Roslin Institute would like to say a couple of words please go ahead. Hi I'm Hazel Lambert Public Engagement Manager for the University of Edinburgh. Thank you so much we're absolutely delighted. My colleagues Jane and Nicola are the people who put this whole thing together and they are on the calls. So Jane if you want to switch your camera on and let us see you come and say hello. Hi I was just trying to get a virtual background on there. Hello everyone thank you so much for this and for the recognition of of what we've done. We have had some really excellent feedback from the primary school teachers we've engaged with. It's been a really great opportunity to engage younger children with the idea of using animals in research and it's really through the toolkit we've really empowered some of our primary school teachers locally and all over the world to really sort of use the scientific method and think about how animals are used. So thank you so much. And I just have to say everyone on the call look up the Easter Bridge Science Outreach Centre their work is fantastic and Jane and Nicola are doing an outstanding job with their online engagement. Thanks thanks Hazel thank you everyone. Thank you Hazel thank you Jane congratulations and thank you Matt for introducing that. Now the third award tonight will be presented by Dr Sarah Bailey. Sarah works at the University of Bath in the Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Her research is in understanding how the brain responds to stress and how we can use that knowledge to develop new and better antidepressant medicines. At the University of Bath Sarah is an openness champion supporting the Concordat on openness and she's the Secretary for Non-clinical External Affairs at the British Association for Psychopharmacology and she's Vice President-elect for Engagement at the British Pharmacological Society so over to you Sarah. There you go, must remember to unmute. Hello I'm delighted to have been invited to present this award, award number three awards are made in no particular order. This university has created a curiosity-driven crafting activity to help members of the public think deeply about the complexities of creating and caring for research animals. The activity is led by researchers and was designed to be highly accessible to encourage diverse participation and by adults and children from a range of backgrounds. Those taking part in the activity work in small groups and used felt and other materials to make a mouse over about 20 minutes. During the activity questions and experiences were exchanged between participants and researchers introducing complex ideas around the care of laboratory mice, institutionalization, scientific process and uncertainty. The topics discussed were participant-led, included personalized medicine, colony management, animal transport, animal sentience, breeding, housing, rehoming, caring, professional roles and legislation. At its core the project uses a simple creative activity to draw attention to more complex ideas about the relationships between people and the laboratory animals. The workshop was launched in 2018 and has featured at numerous science festivals and adult events, teaching seminars and international conferences. During 2020, like many of us, they moved to a virtual workshop allowing the team to work in a COVID safe way. The team hoped to offer a free toolkit that they will develop for stakeholders to use in their own engagement. Initial concerns among the judges about trivializing animal research were balanced by the innovative approach of this project, which gives the public a window into some of the more conceptually difficult discussions around laboratory animal welfare. For me, I love the simplicity and directness of this project. If you want to talk to the public about animal research, you need to make time for difficult conversations and this activity provides engagement, allows for diversity and inclusion and critically the lay critique from true non-specialists and I really want a felt mouse. So my heartfelt congratulations to the University of Southampton for their mouse exchange public engagement activity. And if somebody is online from the University of Southampton, they would like to take themselves off mute and say a few words. That would be great. Hello. Hello Emma. Hiya. We're absolutely over the moon about this. There's a team of us that have worked so hard to produce this and we are not researchers or actively involved in animal research with social scientists, we're humanities experts who've come together, who've wanted to work with the industry and I'm so thankful for the fact that they've allowed us to work with them for the research gathering aspects that we've had to do to understand more about this world of animal research so we can find a way to find a new way to talk to people about animal research. Let me please thank my team. Sarah Perez who is the main researcher on the project and and also Bentley Cudgington who's the creative facilitator for the Welcome Pundit Animal Research Project, you know Welcome Are Our Funders here and also Paul Hurley who's a performance artist community artist who's also brought so much to this project. Also let me thank the wider Annex team, we're from the Animal Research Nexus and we're funded by Welcome for five years and I guess we're on a big massive project and trying to bring the social sciences expertise and the humanities to bear on kind of changing the ways in which we communicate about animal research. So yeah thank you very much understanding animal research for responding to us. I guess Steve Dawney also who's our public engagement person at the University of Southampton. He's always been a real champion of when we brought the animal that we brought the mouse exchange to the Southampton Science Festivals. He's always kind of been a real cheerleader for it and made us realize how unique and offering it was which we really appreciate. It's always hard to kind of understand exactly where you've got to make really novel and he kind of definitely has helped me understand that and we really hope that many of you out there will have a chance to take part in the mouse exchange at some point in the future and make your own felt mouse which you can see some examples there on the screen now. So thank you again very much from all of us at the University of Southampton. Thank you Emma, congratulations and also thanks to Sarah for introducing and awarding the award to you. So the final award is going to be presented by Dr Jill Fleetwood. Jill trained as a cardiovascular pharmacologist and spent more than 15 years as a bench scientist developing and characterizing in vivo models. While working for GlaxoSmithKline she led the company's UK ethical review process and helped review the welfare standards of organizations carrying out animal studies on behalf of GSK in Europe and in North America. She's represented GSK and the wider pharmaceutical industry in discussions about the application of animal welfare legislation in UK and Europe. She chaired the ABPI Animal Research and Welfare Expert Network and she was co-chair of the EFPIA Research and Animal Welfare group. Between 2011 and 2015 she was the industry co-chair for the UK Biosciences Coalition. Since retiring from GSK in 2015 Jill maintains an interest in responsible animal research as a member of our council and as the ex and an external member of the AWIRV of a small university. So over to you Jill to present the final award. Thank you Jeremy. Okay right these two institutes have worked together to create a citizen science project which generated scientifically useful data whilst operating opening a dialogue with members of the public about the need for animals in research and the nature of the work done with those animals. Their project is the first time a citizen science approach has been used in laboratory animal science. In this project members of the public watch six second video clips of mice in the home cage analyzer identifying and recording the activity they observe. The system allows mice to be studied in their home cage minimizing any stress associated with moving animals to a test area. The system produces a huge amount of video data capturing mouse behavior which must be annotated to train algorithms and enable automatic computer recognition of key mouse behaviors such as climbing, eating and drinking. More than 4,000 volunteers registered to participate in this project between them logging 211,000 behavioral events since its launch in August 2019. Participants also received detailed information on why mice are used in medical research, the three hours impact of the project and the importance of developing a better understanding of mouse behavior. The judging committee commended the rich and innovation of the project which engaged many members of the lay public in rodent welfare research supporting both openness and the human use of animals in research. This is a huge piece of work which has involved a great many people allowing them to see the realities of animal research themselves. Congratulations to the NC3Rs and the Mary Lyons Centre on your secret life of mouse citizen science project. So if someone from either or both of the NC3Rs and the Mary Lyons Centre would like to say a few words please turn on your microphone and video. So Sonya should be turning on her microphone from the Mary Lyons Centre but we're very thrilled for this, it's excellent. I don't know if you guys can see me, I've only got a small screen but we're absolutely delighted to receive this award and it's a real testament to the NC3Rs and the Mary Lyons Centre, the commitment that everybody has to really engaging the public with some very very different questions really putting the reality out there and I say on behalf of the entire team that we are very very grateful that this hardware has been recognized and really to the citizens for making it possible and this is really a very exciting time for us because we've only just started to analyze the data from this project and you can imagine it's a vast amount of data and so I won't take very much more of your time and just invite my colleagues from the NC3Rs who support this project from the word go to maybe share this moment with us, thank you. Yeah just on behalf of the NC3Rs it's been an absolute pleasure to work with the whole team, it's been a long road to get it approved and to get it online but the response has just been incredible and it's been great to introduce all of this amazing footage to people so they can really get an insight into the lives of the vice and thank you to everyone who's also helped answer all the questions that's come through as well, there's been some really interesting dialogue been happening as well so yeah congratulations everyone and thank you so much for collaborating with us on such a brilliant project. Congratulations Emma, congratulations Sonia and your teams, thank you Jill for introducing the citation for that award. So thank you to all presenters, congratulations to all the openness award winners. The UAR team will be in touch with you all shortly to organize the shipment of your trophies, as you can see these are very large and rather precious so I don't know whether we can really afford to ship them but no expense will be spared, you will get them in due course. We hope you'll be able to join us in person at the event next December rather than as we're doing it now so we can congratulate you all over again but in the meantime I have only a couple of things I think I need to say first of all thanks to all the nice messages in the chat box showing that you're all highly engaged with this, I see there are over 103 participants on this call which is super and given the trying and rather difficult circumstances with all of this virtual presentation I particularly want to thank the whole of the UAR team who not only have put this together and run the whole thing but have worked tirelessly throughout the year to make sure that UAR succeeds and the Concordat on openness has progressed. So in the meantime I hope you managed to have as festive a possible as possible Christmas and New Year given the circumstances so thank you all very much and goodbye.