Good morning and welcome to the session on the rise of the stay at home economy. I'm Jennifer Shanker, Editor-in-Chief of The Innovator. And this morning we're gonna be talking about how the radical shifts in consumer behavior during the pandemic have impacted in-person retail. In fact, in-person shopping and retail occupancy have rebounded since 2020, but research indicates that it's still nowhere near pre-pandemic levels, especially in Europe and North America. In many major cities, ground floor retail is still seeing high vacancy rates leading to retrenching among global consumer brands, concern from city officials, and a re-appraisal of the purpose of the store. What does this mean for global brands and for city centers? How can we reimagine the future of brick and mortar stores? And how might we use these spaces differently? What are the implications for communities, for cities, consumers, and businesses? So with that, I'd like to now introduce our panelists. We are very pleased to introduce the honorable mayor, Francis Suarez. He is the mayor of Miami, but he is also president of the United States Conference of Mayors. Claudia Azavedo is CEO of Sonai, a company that owns retail brands, shopping centers, and technology companies that focus on retail. Ahmed Ismail is the CEO of Majid Al-Futam Properties, and he leads the company's work in developing its shopping malls, retail, future retail activities, as well as hotels and residential communities. Mark Rose is chairman and CEO of Avizon Young, which brings the perspective of a global real estate advisory company. So Mark, let's kick off with you. Can you give us a general outline of the challenges that you see brick and mortar stores facing? I will give challenges only if I can also give opportunities, okay? So let's just balance this. So just a quick little level setting. Retail is not dead. We have this issue where sound bites are the communication of the day. It's easy to say whether you're a retailer or in retail property, but retail is not dead. I would even tell you that retail has been the most booming part of the real estate market over the last five years. It was just called industrial and logistics, but trust me, that was all retail. So the markets, you cannot pigeonhole any particular city or country. Regional malls are coming back, traffic is coming back. We run something called the Vitality Index, so we show the cell phone data. It absolutely is coming back. Big box retail is struggling still a bit, and both sales and traffic to them are down. But to bring this closer to the panel and why we want to talk about this new city living, cities are particularly major cities are struggling a bit, but I do think that there is hope there as well. Folks are coming back into cities, but what are they doing? They're coming in for experiences. So they're coming in for dinner, entertainment, same people that could very well go into the office, but they're not. Well, except for my state of Florida, along with the mayor, because first of all, we never had COVID in Florida. It wasn't allowed in. We kept it open the whole time, but cities and particularly as you look at the major cities, there is an issue that is getting better, but we're gonna need some help. I think we're gonna talk about this a little later on, but if street level retail and office buildings are empty or dark, then that gives the perception of safety issues, the homeless issue. And again, we need to be addressing low income housing, affordable housing, housing for those who are suffering with mental wellness issues, but if there's homeless and it's a bit darker, there is a perception. And we are struggling with that perception in major cities around the world. Again, not every major city is the same, but in general, we are suffering with that. And then, and again, I don't know if we're gonna have an opportunity to talk about this. We have to remember that change is inevitable. It's happening every day. So as I started with a little bit of joke, which is real, showrooms have gotten smaller. Distribution and fulfillment has gotten much, much bigger. And these channels of the retailing OmniChannel are now gonna be augmented by the Metaverse and do not laugh. The Metaverse, NFTs, I'm up there with all of you, like I bought an NFT, I don't know what I own, it's pretty, I don't know what I own. One day I will, but the Metaverse is real and if you think about this, it is an incredible opportunity in web 3.0 to move from social media to an immersive virtual experience to see J.P. Morgan in the Metaverse giving mortgages to buy Metaverse property and also to lend on physical properties in the real world.  So we do have some more things to worry about but I think this is one of the most exciting times that you can possibly be living in. Thank you so much, Mark. Claudia, I'm gonna turn to you now because your company has a kind of unique perspective, you own all of these different verticals, you own brands, you own shopping centers and the technology to facilitate both online and in-person sales. What do you think consumers want now and what does the future of the in-person store look like to give in their new interests? Okay, thank you very much. I think what the consumer wants today was still untangling what does the post-COVID consumer want because at the same time, as retailers, we didn't really have the time to breathe to say what are the long-term trends because there's geopolitical risks, there's inflation, there's energy crisis, so untangling all of this and saying, what are the future long-term trends has been difficult for us, retailers? But there's one that's here to stay and e-commerce was already very big before COVID. It got bigger with COVID and if you see retail, it varies by country and it varies by sector but retailing is back to pre-COVID levels but what we see is that digital is more or less 20 or 30% higher, so as retailers and as a long-term trend, we see that the famous word omni-channel, we did a lot of our retailing, we sort of optimized the store for it to be the best store possible and then we optimized the site to be the best site possible if it's PC or mobile and I think as a long-term trend, this can't be, we need to sort of be totally seamless, connective and complimentary and as mass marketers and for example, food retailers, it's very mass market and we have to suddenly bring the technology on board for each customer to be a journey and he wants to, when today you shop online, you're aware that everything online, they know your orders, what you've done but when you go offline, it's like nobody knows who you are and bringing those two together, I think is a long-term trend seamlessly, probably a lot to do with payments, the ecosystem payments and so you mentioned technology and technology is still not there but has to make this journey possible, this connected journey where we see customers. I'm a big believer in store retailing, I just think it will have to evolve with the needs of the consumer. We see big brands asking in our shopping malls for more square meters because they want to, in prime locations, to have all their online assortment online, it's a huge brand building exercise and so I think I'm optimistic on the future of retailing, it's just a different retailer but it's been like that, retailers are masters in adapting themselves to the consumer. So Ahmed, your malls in the UAE did well even during the pandemic. What was the secret to your success and also going back to the point that Claudia made, how do you see brick and mortar stores leveraging data and how do your malls do that? I think to just frame the discussion about at-home versus out-of-home because both of us are in the out-of-home business. We're also a bit in the in-home business and the in-home business has been obviously going through transformation that's been going on for a number of decades. It took two decades for 50% of households in the US to have radio that pushed people to stay more at home. TVs did it in a decade. Internet and mobile phones did it in five years and now smart speakers did it in almost three. Let's see if the metaverse makes it in less than that which means that the at-home market is becoming more central to our lives and more relevant for our business. People are shopping more online, entertaining more online, working more at home and certainly consuming more at home. But what we see is the more that you consume and spend time at home, actually psychologically there is an even bigger hunger and thirst for a human and social experience. So the two are somehow interconnected but the challenge is for retail is the out-of-home experience for the longest period has deteriorated. It hasn't been as differentiated or as immersive as you want it to be and as such customers have been disappointed and they haven't been coming back. So for the retail centers to continue to be relevant they have to be highly experiential and they have to satisfy that psychological need for community, connection, social, and experience. And we see that in our malls and across all of our markets that the more experiential malls are coming back stronger. Some of them are double digits ahead in terms of footfall and sales versus pre-pandemic and within our malls the more experiential brands are doing better and they are the brands that are asking for more space and are really growing and rethinking their experience. So retail is by nowhere, physical retail is nowhere dead nor is it sick, it's just transforming very, very fast. Do you want to touch on the data issue? Yeah, I mean data has been a big challenge for our business in the commercial real estate business because our new age competitors whether they're Web 2.0 platforms or Web 3.0 metaverses, they are incredibly data rich. And as commercial real estate owners and operators we are incredibly data poor. We have no idea what's going on within our four walls. So what we've done over the past five years we've invested a lot in data collection. Directly through loyalty programs and partnership with within our ecosystem because we have a big ecosystem with the measurable theme of leisure, entertainment, retail. We've also struck very, I would say, interesting partnerships with payment processors, telco companies and believe it or not the Dubai government through the Dubai smart initiative which allows us to bridge really this data divide between us and our digital competitors. So when you walk into many of our assets we would recognize you, we'd be able to personalize the experience, we'd be able to react faster to your disappointments if you are a higher value customer and it really changes the game from a customer experience perspective but most importantly it changes our value proposition to our tenants. So we are no longer in the business of providing space. Good, well-maintained, clean space. We actually provide data insights, omnichannel enablement, fulfillment in some instances and perhaps even marketing services. So that changes the game really for commercial real estate to become not a B2B business but rather a B2B2C business that is digitally enabled. Fascinating, and we wanna come back to that but I wanted to get to you, Mayor Suarez. So you have a unique perspective because you're not only representing the city of Miami but as the head of this association, all mayors in America at a time when they're all focusing on how to build back better. So what are you seeing that cities in America trying to do to bring that retail back in the city centers? Well, I think the panel did a wonderful job of explaining this sort of new world that we live in and I think cities have to be understanding of that new world. You can only do so much as a city government to try to change the dynamics that are macro in nature and that are rooted in technological disruptions. So I think for us and hopefully for other cities across America, rather than try to fight that change, we wanna lean into it and sort of understand it. I think much of what was said by the prior panelists I totally agree with and I would focus on two things. One is the fact that the world is experiential as was mentioned. And so the fact that the world is experiential means you have to build your city around a quality of life set of offerings that mirror that experiential world. For example, in the context of malls, we have outdoor malls, very high end and we have indoor malls that are also combined with restaurants and things that are meant to bring people in, have a great experience and then when you're there, there is a benefit. Even if how efficient online shopping has become, it's still not as efficient as walking into a store, trying something on, buying it and leaving with it and being able to use it immediately. So I think that's part of this experiential world that we're living in. I think the second part, which wasn't mentioned, is sort of the remote work phenomenon. The remote work phenomenon has changed cities fundamentally because people now can work from anywhere for a company located in a different city and it dislocates them physically from the place of work. So cities are gonna take advantage of that. Miami has been a huge beneficiary during the pandemic of the remote work phenomenon as people have left areas that are higher in taxes to come to a city with Miami, which as was mentioned, had a much more liberal COVID policy and allowed people to dine at restaurants and do a variety of things. So once that all happened and people came to Miami what they realized, what they learned about Miami was that there was a critical mass. So we've moved, and I said this at the last panel was on, we've moved about $2 trillion in assets under management companies to Miami in the last 18 months and we've grown our venture capital pipeline by 400%. What that means is that there is a bedrock of capital which will allow people to build and scale companies at a growing rate. And what that means for consumerism and for how you create a city that understands this consumer revolution is that there's gonna be companies built in Miami that cater to that consumer revolution. We have one called Open Store, which is competing with Amazon. And I think the other thing is people are, cities are going to be built around the concept of shopping as an experience as opposed to shopping to buy a good as it was before. And I do think that the last thing I would say is that shopping online versus shopping in a store is fundamentally about two different things. I think it's gonna disrupt certain retail establishments and maybe not others. I think high-end, for example, it's people are less likely to go to a high-end store and buy something online than they are, then they wanna see it, they wanna feel it, they wanna wear it. And I think maybe someone will get something, toothpaste or something that they don't have to necessarily try out in a CVS. They can wait a couple days to get their toothpaste or their shaving cream, which is what I do, by the way. And then you're fine, right? It doesn't disrupt your day, it doesn't slow you down. You can do it in the car, you can buy it. So I think there's a tremendous efficiency, particularly in buying fungible goods that you have to constantly replace. So I wanna jump on that point. As people start ordering more and more things online, including even a simple tube of toothpaste, there's a need for distribution centers. And those distribution centers are frequently now replacing storefronts in city centers. Mark, how do you think that impacts the feel of the city?  I wouldn't, there's so much need for retail, but to the point of these comments, it's all just changing, right? It's change, it's not, as we said, retail is actually increasing. You're seeing more in-mall sales than online. So online's dropping. Mayor and the other panelists are absolutely right. You can't replace an experience. I have two daughters, they were around 30. I don't think they've been to a mall to buy something in seven to 10 years, but they're at the mall for entertainment, to eat. And my daughter's getting married in August, and I was shocked that in my house literally came 15 boxes of shoes and dresses. And they tried them on and didn't like any of them, sent them all back and then you do it again. So we just have to build that in. So yes, are we going to see warehouses expand? We were, you're seeing the largest starting to pull back. They might have overshot where they needed to be. Are you going to see showrooms come down a little bit in size? Absolutely, but you may also see more business formation. And particularly, again, I don't want to make this Florida centric, right? What do we have? 1,200 people coming into Florida every day. I mean, there's a need, right? Supply and demand, there's a need. Malls, there's a need for this. And I also think that the pandemic has turned the table a little bit because now two years into this, folks want to get out of the house and they do want to go there. They do want to go to Lincoln Road. They do want to go to a mall in the shopping center because it's kind of been tough for the last couple of years. So I just wouldn't rule this out, but let's embrace the change and where it's going to show up and how it's going to be built. All these things are part of the next generation of retail. So how do we make sure that the new types of stores and distribution centers become part of community life? And so that's a question I'll throw out to each of you, really. I know, for example, that your company makes a big effort to integrate the malls and shopping centers it builds into their communities. How do you do that? So it starts early on from planning days. Many of our centers, we've very deliberately branded them city center because we believe that they actually anchor the neighborhood, the anchor, the community. So it starts from early planning and development days to make sure that you are developing an asset that adds value to the community and that the community can relate to and call their own. For the existing assets, it also means rethinking our space and location to a large extent. So even in our most premium, most successful assets, we're making space for cultural experiences. We're making space that we call platform-flexible space to allow local brands, local designers, artists to have a presence in a very premium real estate without the very high barrier and high costs of entry. So by bringing and inviting the community into the assets commercially, you also bring the community into the assets emotionally and having that emotional connection between where you spend your time for entertainment, shopping, et cetera is very, very important to establish. Otherwise, it becomes a chore. I'm going there to buy something in and out. The other thing that I have to say is that we think about web 2.0, web 3.0 and physical spaces as two separate worlds. They're deeply interconnected. I mean, we have done a lot of research that shows once a brand opens a store, a physical store in a particular neighborhood, e-commerce sales from that brand goes up and when they close the store, sales go down and the further you are from the closest store, the less likely you are by from that brand. So obviously that's changing the mindset around the value of the store. The value of the store is no longer the sales within the four walls because we will have stores that have zero sales. And I can tell you, I'm sure you'd agree, we're not gonna have zero rent. So it's very important for us to appreciate that and perhaps it will evolve into a new pricing model for commercial real estate that goes beyond how much have I sold out of that particular store. Interesting. Claudia, do you want to comment? I think in our shopping malls, we're doing exactly the same. What we're seeing is in prime real estate in Europe, we're actually not developing any more malls. We're getting ours better and better. But we're developing sort of multi-use centers where people will have the office, they'll have stores, they'll have leisure, fitnesses, and we see that as a trend because those city centers, it depends if a country to country, but people would have huge commutes, they would retail would be very spread and it would be drivable. And as people spend more time at home, they sort of want to live in a walkable to shop and leisure. And so we see city centers becoming sort of more human-sized and where people will support, they'll do parks, they'll probably be a mall, but also on the street, they will have more cycling. And so we see this need for retail also to go into these built-in uses. And even office buildings, if these office buildings that in the theme of stay-at-home economy, if you have an office building where everybody just went every single day and sat at that desk and went and left in the evening and as companies are saying, please come to work because it's more fun than it used to be, you need to give motives to do so. And so these office buildings will also change. I think in partnerships also with the local authorities, we need to defend the high street. People, if you went to the high street in COVID times, it was a very sad place to go, right? The business is shut, nobody on the street. And I think when people stay at home to work three days a week, when they go to the high street, they need a lively experience. So I think together in shopping malls, high streets, we need to get back that energy and that people seeing people. Let me turn to you and ask you, we've heard you talk about concerns about inflation. And this is a concern not just for you, but for all mayors. So are there actions that you are collectively considering or advocating that would improve the situation and how can the private sector work with city leaders to achieve better outcomes for residents and for city life? You know, thanks for the question. It's a comprehensively complex macro problem, inflation. And I think it's been exacerbated. The government spending or excess government spending has been happening for a while, right? The federal government has been spending significantly more than it takes in for a long time. And I think part of the reason why it didn't catch up was because a supply chain was able to deliver, right? This excess demand, every time there was more demand and more demand, it was met with the supply. Now that you have a world shortage in supply, that's when the problem comes. When you have overheated demand in terms of money creation without sufficient supply. I think part of the issue is, and I was talking about this last night at the dinners, the demand part of it is still not stopping. And what do I mean by that? The federal government in the US alone, this is just the US I'm talking about, passed a $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill. Now that was very needed. We needed an infrastructure bill. And if you think about it, it was bipartisan, right? In the sense that former President Trump wanted a $1.5 billion infrastructure bill. The current President Biden passed with some help from Republicans, a $1.2, so that's a slightly smaller bill. I think the problem was not so much the bill or the need for the bill, which it obviously is needed. It was the fact that it was done, again through deficit spending. And in an era where you have supply chain issues, right, which exacerbates the price problem. The real issue here, and the real scary part, because there was a big debate last night at dinner about whether we're gonna go into a recession, and if so, when will that happen? Will it be next year or not? The reason why I think it's at least more than 12 months away is because that $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill still has not begun to be spent. So that's $1.2 trillion unspent dollars. Now let me go back to the prior bill, which is ARPA, American Rescue Plan, right? That's a $1.9 trillion spending bill. Again, through deficit spending. That was supposed to be divvied out, I say divvied out, was given to governments like ours, in two tranches. The first tranche was $950 billion. That is not completely spent. So that money is not completely spent. The other $950 billion hasn't even been given. So you're talking about $2.1 trillion plus, plus, plus of unspent demand money, right? Money in the money supply that obviously once it gets spent, put into bank accounts, then it gets multiplied, so there's a money multiplication factor there. So the point I'm trying to make is I don't know what, if anything, can stop inflation over the next 12 to 24 months. I don't know if there's anything that a city can do to stop inflation over the next 12 to 24 months. I think what we need to do is communicate better, right? And I'll give you an example. I was recently in, coming out of a different conference and I was with the mayor of Austin, Dallas and New York, right? And we're sitting down in an informal setting and we're both marveling at the fact that we have over 50% increase in rental rates, right? And that affects retail because the more money you have to pay in rent, the less money, obviously, that you can pay in retail. But that's a very, very real phenomenon for all of those cities. It's not a Miami thing. It's not an Austin thing. It's not a Denver thing. It's not a New York thing. It is an America thing. And so it's a major issue. The second issue is when you consider the fact that purchasing power is going down, right? So when you talk about retail, since I always try to bring it back to the topic, you know, purchasing power is being reduced through inflation and you have, you know, poorest people in this country are not getting a return on their investment because most of them have their money in bank accounts so they're not getting any interest. They're losing purchasing power. It's kind of a tough situation. So I feel that the best thing that cities can do, first of all, is acknowledge the problem, acknowledge where it's coming from, and then clearly communicate to people. You know, obviously the Fed is now raising interest rates to try to curb inflation and curb, you know, some of these factors and that could put us into a recession, whether it's in 12 months, 24 months, or 36 months. So that's a big concern because, you know, you're going from rapid inflation to then a recession, it's painful for people, particularly people living in cities. Can you envision any kind of partnerships with people in real estate that could help the situation? You know, we're always looking for, you know, creative solutions and I'll give you one that we were working with this organization called City Coin that created something called Miami Coin and it created $15 million in benefits for the city. We took $5 million of that and we created a rent stabilization fund for people whose rents had gone up by more than 20% in any given year. So we're always trying to be creative. I would urge cities to be creative. The private sector wants to help. The private sector, we're their customers. If our customers, if their customers are not healthy, they're not going to be healthy. So I've always found the private sector to be a willing participant and desirous of wanting to create solutions and the real estate community does as well. Ahmed, do you wanna? Yeah, I mean, one big area for that partnership that the mayor has rightly flagged is around data exchange. And obviously, you know, there is a lot of concern around sharing data with governments, especially sort of consumer data. But let's pick another example. Let's pick traffic data. I mean, it would be great for all of our shopping malls parking systems, for instance. And we're working on that. And all of the multi-use assets that we have that have big parking demands and in and out vehicles, deliveries, et cetera, for that parking system data to be integrated with the wider traffic management system of the city. I mean, this creates a much more efficient experience for customers. It's great for the city. It's great for the environment. So I think there needs to be a lot more work in building these data exchanges between the business community, the real estate assets and the city to benefit customers, tenants, and the community. I'll give you another example. City of New York just introduced letter grading for buildings based on sustainability. If you're A, you're a sustainable building. If you're an F, you're not so sustainable, so to speak. It would be great for that data to be made transparent to consumers. So if I'm booking a ride or if I'm leasing space or if I'm staying in a hotel, it unleashes the consumer advocacy in a way to reward businesses that are more sustainable, which creates, obviously, multiple opportunities for growth in the city and as well, weed out the less efficient assets. So there are multiple opportunities in that regard and I fully endorse the point made earlier. Thank you. I do want to give the audience a chance to ask some questions. If you want to have a question over here, there's a mic right on your other side. I know as a consumer, when I go to a city and I want to feel a vibrant community, I do hit the big shops and I do go to the H&M or whatever's there. But the one thing that I think adds a lot of life to a city and perhaps you could talk to it is the small, medium-sized enterprise, the art gallery, the artists and the small boutique shops and how does that fit into your picture and what you're promoting? Thank you. First of all, I think small businesses power the country and none of them do they power the country in a numerical sense when you consider a percentage of the whole, but they also give character to cities. And so I think we in Miami lean into that. We think that having a vibrant small business culture is something that is positive. What I see happening even in the sort of city center concept because we actually have a city center too, it's called Brickle City Center and it's a beautiful multi-billion dollar development by Swire Properties.  Why? Because it goes back to the experiences that we're talking about. It's not the same to go to a sort of cookie cutter restaurant than it is to go to a uniquely owned family restaurant where things are being done in a very, very different and exciting and cool way. That's what we talk about when we talk about experiences. So I actually think open stores, a good concept open store is sort of what they do is they buy small businesses to curate and create an internet platform for a business to consumer or a consumer to consumer where they're actually curating and developing this sort of uniqueness as opposed to just getting the same old brands that you're used to. So I think there's, again, in terms of the disruption of this world, there's a huge opportunity there. I just want to say two quick things. One based on what was just said, which is I do think there's a place for partnership with electric vehicles. When you look at electric vehicle infrastructure, cities should be creating tax benefits for city centers to become, to have more electric vehicle infrastructure because that's a trend that's happening and the second little vignette that I would say is generational, right? We're talking about disruptions in our generation, right? But my son is already in the metaverse, right? He's in Minecraft, which is, you know, this is the metaverse, by the way. Our phones are metaverse, right? The time that we spend in our phones, and you can get a weekly report if you really want to scare yourself. The time we spend, we're spending in a metaverse. It's just a different kind of metaverse. It's not with the goggles and all that, but we are spending our time in that portal. Our children are spending more time in that portal. It's just inevitable, it's part of life. Question over here. How about turning the malls into, so for example, when I'm on the internet, I get suggestions. The internet knows me. And now with this metaverse, do you think that these big malls will have facial recognition? I walk into a mall, or like, in order to bring more retailers into the mall. You walk into the mall, you walk into a store, there's facial recognition. They know. Fatma, she likes this, I walk into a restaurant, facial recognition. They know what I like, so they can suggest making it a more personable, more fun experience for myself, since each and every one of us is gonna have different types of enjoyment of experience, but turning the mall into a place where you walk in, and I know it's kind of scary because it's like invasion of, but it's already there. Our privacy has already been invaded when we enter Google. Why not do the same for the malls making our experiences better, where we don't have to try on clothes in the shopping mall? We get the clothes, we look at ourself in the mirror, and it's already on us, like completely turning it into a more, do you see the future turning into something, retail turning into something like that? I do. To be honest with you, it's more the present, the near present than the distant future. And we made big investments in that regard to build infrastructure. From a consumer perspective, it's a bit polarized. There are people who love that experience and are willing to give their data to be offered a highly personalized, targeted experience, and on the other side of the spectrum, we know customers who find that creepy and intrusive and they don't want to. So I think we need to cater to both. Today, especially on the luxury front, we do identify our luxury customers. We're able to offer them a personalized parking experience, personalized shopping experience, delivery to their home or their vehicle and lounges, et cetera. So we're able to personalize that experience for customers who allow us to do so. And it's very important to have that connection and dialogue. What we've also discovered is that sometimes, and certain retailers know more about their customers than we do, but in some instances, we're adding a bit of a dimension to them so that data interchange in a very privacy-respectful way is very important for the experience to remain relevant. I want to go back to the question around SMEs and the clings to the experience point. I mentioned earlier we're dedicating spaces within our malls, and my colleague Sharim is here. She came up with a concept called that in our most premium asset, that essentially is space for local designers, up-and-coming artists, food that you typically would want to enjoy local food that would be available to you in a very different type of experience within the mall. And it's very important that this space is sort of underwritten by the owner because it's very cheap for an SME to come into that space if they fail, they can get out. Otherwise, they're on the hook for a three-year lease and fit out, et cetera. So these kinds of spaces to bring in that sense of community into shopping centers is something that I think is here to say. And by the way, what we're very excited about is some of the brands that we bring into these sort of temporary pop-up spaces eventually graduate and become fantastic brands. So we see that ongoing in Egypt, in the UAE, in Saudi Arabia, which is also part of our real estate being a platform for the community to create opportunities for everyone and not just global or nationally established retailers. Thank you. I think, Claudia, did you want to add to that? Yes. I think to the point of going to a mall or to a store and being immediately recognized, I would go more the route of what are the pain points in the in-store shopping and try to solve those because I don't think you can have the same experience in an in-store than online and you really probably don't need to be recognized as you go walk-ins. But when you look at the pain points of shopping offline, it's the time you pay. Normally, you probably spend there more time than shopping. And so cashless payments, mobile systems payments, or for example, information when you're online. You have exactly all the information about a product when you're on-store. You don't. So QR codes, RFID. So trying to go to the pain points of the unique experience of in-store and solving those, but keeping the good things of the in-store and trying things on is probably one of the reasons people go to the store. So I think they are very complementary. And we do have customers who deliberately want to remain anonymous. Let's be very clear about that. They do not want anyone to know. And this is part of life. And generation. Absolutely. I think younger people give their information more freely than older people. Mayor, you want to chat? As sort of thinking of the next generation to your point, because you actually brought up a great point on the in-store retail experience, but by doing that, you also articulated another point, which is the way we're being offered products is so much more intelligent online than it is in person. So it's sort of the flip of the exact same point that you made, which is a huge disadvantage to in-store versus online. The computer through its algorithms and through its aggregation of data is feeding you what you want. I'll give you an example. I love sunglasses. I'm a sunglasses guy, right? So I feel like when I'm on Instagram, every third ad is a sunglass ad. Like they're trying to, because they know I love sunglasses and it's almost like an addiction for me to buy sunglasses. So I keep getting fed sunglasses, sunglasses, all kinds of sunglasses and I buy them every once in a while. I think whether it's facial recognition or whatever the technology ends up becoming because I understand the privacy concerns about facial recognition or whatever, there will be, there will have to be. For in-stores to be able to compete with online shopping, there has to be some intelligent upgrade, right? To the experience. Because you walk into a store and, you know, particularly for men, I'm not trying to be sexist or anything like that. I don't shop that much in-store, but I go into a store and I feel like I am lost completely. It would be wonderful if the floor started, you know, kind of like lighting up little lights, okay, you're supposed to go here, here and then all of a sudden I'm right in front of the shirt that I was thinking about buying or you have an app in your phone that's telling you, hey, what you're looking for is over there, or whatever it is. I think the point you're trying to make is a great point, which is the in-store experience has to become smarter to compete with the virtual experience, which has become very smart. Thank you very much, Mark. The last word, we're almost out of time. You're quick. I think at least for the moment we've lost the privacy game because we've all committed, young people have committed the information that's out there on all of us.  So we've all in some form, you know, some form we've given up the right, you know, the right to privacy and made certain information available. There are micro units of residential being built in China with the magic mirror where you're brushing your teeth, the toothpaste tube is empty and the magic mirror says, I will order your toothpaste now. These advances are here, okay? What we do about them, if we wanna regulate them, it's, you know, it's coming. You know, in this part of a point that I wanted to get to before when we were talking about public-private, we do have to come back to a security, right? Because that is something, whether it's security in the metaverse security, you know, on the internet or the physical security of cities, retail will benefit from private working with public, right? And we have many instances right now, for example, in the UK, we're tearing down them all and putting in a park, but you have to bring police around and make sure that it's, you know, a livable environment. So all of these privacy issues and whether we're being tracked, there's also a responsibility that we're gonna be talking about soon. Obviously, we don't have the time to deal, you know, with how we're gonna work together to make it secure. Thank you. So we have to wrap up. I think the key takeaways here are that brick and mortar stores, including SMEs, have a very important role to play in the vibrancy and financial health. I mean, even the security of cities that technology will play more and more of an important role in store. And that we also need to find ways to better leverage the data, not just for the retailers, but also to exchange with government and to form more public-private partnerships. So with that, I'd like to thank the panelists and everyone in the audience for participating this morning. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you.


I'm going to call the License Hearing and Public Safety Meeting to order roll call. Alderperson Bartfeldi, I am here. Dean Decker? Here. Alderperson Joe Heideman? Here. Alderperson Amanda Salazar? Here. And Betty Ackley, maybe late or excused. Pledge of Allegiance. Stand here, Abel. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible with liberty and justice for all. OK, we're going to go around and start with Dean. I'll wrap around the table to Attorney Adam's introduction of committee members. OK. I'm going in. Yeah, starting with you. Go ahead. I'm Alderperson Dean Decker from District 6. Alderman Joe Heideman, District 10. Alderperson Amanda Salazar, District 3. Alderperson Bartfeldi, District 1 and chair of the Common Council. Kathy Hoffman, city attorney's office. Denise Quaches, representative for Stefano and Whitney Vigiletti tonight. Jeff Selzman, assistant fire chief. Eric Machiano, fire chief. Chuck Adams, city attorney. All right. I need approval for the minutes of June 8th, 2022. So moved. Second. Any discussion? All in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed, nay. Chair votes aye. Motion approved. Yeah, we're going to have a presentation regarding the new fire department engine 2021 capital improvement presentation only. All right. Take it away, chief. Right. So thank you, chair. So if it's OK with you and the committee members, I'd like to defer that to the end after you're done. We did bring the engine here. It's just parked at the station one parking lot. So just a hop, skip, and a jump away for a little roll. And we'd love for you guys to see it if you have time right after the meeting. No, don't drive. I didn't need it. I didn't need it. But I do want to say thank you truly for all the support. I know there were different members. Some of you were on there. So thank you for that. But I really, really appreciate all the support this committee gives us. So thank you for that. Dave and I were in a car accident last night. So we got to see your guys in action again. They didn't tell me. Really? I didn't tell them that I was on the city council. It was a three car. And we were both car sold, no damage. And nobody was injured in the accident, but fire truck came. I'm glad you're here. Yeah, that's twice within the last year I've used that. Let's make it a triple. No, no. OK, that was we'll do the presentation and at the end. Technically, if it's outside and since we have to record it, it'll be after the meeting. So if there's anything you need to say on the record, probably do it now. But if all you're doing is showing the truck, everybody can look at it. Yep, nothing other than my thanks on the record. Thank you. Perfect. No, thank you. Yeah, I appreciate it. OK, on to number seven, resolution number 31, 22, 23, 6, 2022, a resolution authorizing entering into an agreement for urban search and rescue emergency response services with the state of Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs Division of Emergency Management with regard to providing city of Sheboygan personnel to a statewide urban search and rescue team. Yep, thank you, chair. So the Wisconsin State Task Force or the Urban Search and Rescue as it's referred to here is basically a readiness team that can respond throughout the state or nationwide and in some cases internationally during an event of a disaster or crisis. If you all recall, the Florida condominium collapse that happened several months ago, that would be an example if our team were deployed there, the state could respond there for assistance and aid since that would be like a long period of time that help was needed. Hurricane Katrina, those kind of events. The team was active several years ago, then due to budgetary and changes in the dynamics of the legislature, the team was put on hiatus. The governor has given his support to bring it back up and running. So Assistant Chief Salisman is a part of that team. So what this is and what I'm requesting of you, you should have all had the contract. It looks like this, the Urban Search and Rescue. And there was a couple of highlights in there without any names in there. That's because this is almost the request in order to be put on a team. The attorneys had to approve this contract, which our attorney office, it's a statewide contract. So they read through it and had really no major issues with it. We can't change it anyways because it's a state contract. However, there's no name in our municipality section because I have to get approved for you to get it to counsel so I can get it to the state before horse. But it's just the process that this team and the state has for this. So once, if you guys approve and allow us to become members, our department members would also be trained by the state at no cost. So even though it's a cost right now for us to send them, it's all reimbursable. So there's no cost to the city or department. And then if they were deployed, there would be no cost to the city or department. Even though, I mean, we would pay obviously, their salary would never change over time for ship coverage would happen, but then the state reimburses us because we are members of the team. So it really is a phenomenal program for us because it gets our individuals trained to a higher level when it comes to building collapse, confined space, trench, and flooding. Flooding, so water, water is, yep. So all the gamut really paid by the state, but it helps us because then we have team members here that can help when we have a disaster or issue in the city. And then it's all reimbursable, even to ship coverage. So Jeff, do I have anything you wanna add on that? No, I think you hit everything. I think the real big benefit is it brings a lot of expertise inside the city so that if we have an event here, while we're not the whole team, at least we have people here that understand what's going on and how to organize those things. And as the people come in, then we'd be able to react better. So I'm looking for support. If you have any questions, I will be glad to answer. What's the total number of members of the team? So statewide, they're looking at, okay. So when it was first active, there was about 105, correct? Yeah, there are five. There's different typing, so there's types one through four. The type three team is 105 members and the reason for that is you work in 12-hour shifts. So they can work for 12 hours and then take 12 hours off. They're gonna be trying to move it up to a type two, which is capable of a 24-hour operation. So it'd be 210 members. Right now we're trying to get to the 105 first and then- Across the state. Across the state. Any fire departments? Yeah, statewide. How many is from our fire department? So because we would need to be an additional, like a new member, currently we're trying to get two, which is what we feel is our good number right now. Jeff would be a third, but he is more of an administrative aspect to that, which you need to be able to give direction on it. Kind of like what we do at the fire station on a daily basis, he would be able to be deployed as that kind of command role at a deployment. So we're looking for two members right now through this round and eventually when they get to that type two, we would hope to add two to three more. What they're trying to do statewide is kind of equal things out. They don't want the Milwaukee's, the Madison's, the Green Bay's to have all the players and that's it. They want it truly to be a statewide. So Green Bay, even though they have a large department, may not have more than 10 people, individuals on it, on the team, even though they have a larger pool. Milwaukee, same with that aspect. So they're trying to equal it out amongst everybody. And thank you. So yeah. So then Man of the Walk could have to, Final Act could have to, is there any determination on what size the community has to be? Are there any volunteer firefighters that are involved in this at the same time? So good question. Absolutely no bearing on the size of community or department other than the number of personnel that may be capped. If all the departments in the state want to be players in this, then they will cap the department. So again, not all the members come from one area or one large department. So they would cap that. If volunteer or career departments aren't interested in participating, then our numbers could go up because we're interested Green Bay's or Milwaukee's, Madison's, they can go up as well. You know what I mean? So yeah, but it is all over the state. They're looking at also developing a regional, regionalized team. So for various areas of the state, those teams might be deployed first there and then before you reach out. I think I read in there when I was reading through it, some places that five to seven, you know, that seems like almost a cap there. And I'm sure you don't want to leave your own fire department shorthanded. Right. Trying to cover. Right, because they could be deployed for two weeks at a stretch. Yeah, Green Bay right now has about 10 spots. They only have three members because of through attrition and retirements because this was put on hiatus for so long. So that's what I mean. They may not end up getting those 10 back because more departments want to be part of it. But yes, volunteers, combination, career, any fire department throughout this state is eligible to be part of it. It's all based on if they're willing to be part of the players. So thank you for asking. Any other questions? I just think this is a really good idea. I mean, it's the training itself and plus being, when you have a disaster, you need a team to be able to do something like that. You end up with a little collapse or something like that. You have to have it. So it's great that it's offered. It's a good idea. I think it's good that we're part of it. I'm sorry, just one other. Okay, so the people that you had for the city should be working to do it.  Are they senior members of the fire department? Are they, you know, because all of a sudden then we're rotating, just like Green Bay doesn't have anybody in there. So you wouldn't want to have a situation where I suppose within your command or whatever, you have somebody that's already going to rotate into that spot once another person retires. So we never lose. So I can't speak about never losing that because when somebody retires, they haven't determined yet if they're going to go back to that department first to say, hey, you have a member retiring. Do you have anybody to replace them? That's what they're leaning towards. But they don't know. It depends on how many of this state fire departments are interested in participating. Because if they only a lot, like Green Bay and Ableton and across the bigger departments, if they only stick with their numbers, then you're not going to get a lot of new people in from other departments. And so that's part of the governor's request was we want a state wide. But what it's getting at was though, since you have personnel that are going to be assigned to it, if you have a guy that's retiring in two years, you wouldn't assign them to that because we don't have an AC. Who's this there? You're looking at somebody that has a little longer tenure. Little middle of the road. AC Salisman's got a plan. If we get the four or the five allotment, yes, he's got a plan. We want a little bit of seniority, but not too much. So we'll have a captain in it. We're going to have another lieutenant possibly go through. We didn't want all officers. So then we want a couple of firefighters who are interested. But we didn't want somebody that just started two years ago either because we still want them to develop here in the city and learn our department. So it is a mix. I think that's good career development and opportunity for your current staff. Yeah, thank you. Yeah, for sure. I think this is a good idea. Right. Any other questions? All right, this was, was it discussion? No, we have to pass this to go to the council. Please. I need a motion, please. I make a motion that we pass this on council. Second. All right, any other discussion? All in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed to nay. And chair votes aye. Passes. Thank you for your support. Yeah, thank you. Always. All right. Number eight, discussion. Better go from the top. Sorry. Discussion impossible action regarding requests from alcohol beverage license number 2373, the Duke of Devon, for an extension under the city's continuation of business ordinance. So Denise is here just to make the request. Basically, this is a license that will very shortly be in violation. They actually might have run out between the time that they applied and the time you were able to meet. But in any case, it's, they're good for you to extend it if you want. As noted, typically what you do is you extend it for between 30 to 90 days, although it can be longer if you want to do that. They would technically begin July one just because that's the license here and you can't extend past the other license here. But we're good to go with that. And they can provide you any information or you can ask questions if you want, just totally up to you. Would you like to speak first? Or just have them ask the questions. Yeah, I mean, I think getting the store up and running has been our primary focus over the last several months and that's been very successful. And I know that the plan for the Duke is unfolding and taking shape now. So that's our next, shifted our focus onto that. So we're getting pieces put in place for that. And if you have any questions about where we are, those types of things, I can answer what I know off the top of my head. So that's the question. I guess that is my question is where are we, what are we looking at as a timeframe? And are we looking at months, six months, three months? Yeah, so I think you put a timeframe in the letter. We don't mind that in the letter. She said that we would like to be open by September. Right now we've just interviewed a couple of chefs and we're trying to put the rest of the staffing pieces in place. What we wanna do there, we have a very good foundation for, I think it's definitely gonna be starting out or as a venue location, where we are going to host events and those types of things. And then as we get the rest of the staffing pieces put in place, then we will be able to go back to running that as a full restaurant again. So by September, that's when we really do wanna open. And then I think she's asked to extend at least through November, just in case anything happens. I think we'll be there with the store as nothing ran as smoothly as we thought it was going to. But that's the goal right now. So the pieces are starting to fall into place. There's just still some pieces. We wanna do some construction around the building and those types of things. So just one thing I just wanna make sure that you understand, because we did have this run into this with one other applicant in the past. So the open for business ordinance does require that you're open to the public. So private events won't count against that. So is your, but is your November 15th date? That's your goal for being- Yes, we will be fully run, fully staffed. And I, yes, that is the plan. And hopefully that's by September, if not sooner, but that's the goal. So it's kind of both of you. So when the license run out? Wait, what? So- Right, like right now. Okay, so today. Yeah, I don't know the exact date. I'm just gonna say today. I don't think we knew these. Okay, well, this week, sometimes, in the end of June. So we say three months from now, we're looking at August, September, October, you're asking till November 15th as an additional 15 days. So we're asking for 100 and five days. I would ask for 120 days if I can. I will take the length that you can give me, essentially, if it's three months, it's three months. That's fine. I feel like we should be fair. It's a policy decision for you. You've typically done 30 to 90 days, but sometimes you've done longer. I would think 90 days should get you there. If that's what the council is willing to give us, we'll take what we can get. I will always err on the side of asking for more than I need because I just know going through the store that sometimes unforeseen things happen and you have to correct. That is really smart, right? But I think we have to be sort of consistent and equitable to all those coming in, asking for extensions. And if our consistency standard has been through, we'll give it 90 days. That's what we should do. But I would ask for 90. I would be okay with 90. Yep. I have one question. Thank you. I agree with the 90 days, no problem there. So just so I make sure that I understand. So does that mean that she has to hold events or open it within those 90 days to keep that? So that please do that. By September 30, they would have to be open to the public for a public. Right. Whoa. She's gonna go check it out. Oh, I think that was the... Okay. And again, I have to say, please do that. Because the last thing we want to go through is somebody telling us they had an open event that they didn't have an open event and then it just didn't work right, okay? I understood. I compare with Joe on that and don't wait till September 30th to have the open event. Like I said, the steps were just interviewed and so things are progressing. Again, just having gone through all everything with the store, I know that there are a myriad of things that can happen that you have to make adjustments for. So, but my communication back to Whitney and Stefano will be, hey, by the 30th, we've got to be up in front, so. Or we risk losing the license and have to go through another application process. Is that correct? So do we give 90 days right from... And when is that 90 days? It could actually be from July 1st, because you can't cross the year, so we're just gonna... By August, it would kill the end of September. By August, it would kill the end of September. Okay. One more mission. She, they have to have an event open to the public by the end of September, but they don't have to consistently stay open for five days a week. Right, so if you just, you can still sort of have your peak weekend and then do October feast and still like trickle into full operations. You could do it Thursday, Friday, Saturday. Got it, okay. I just wanted to make sure I said that a lot. Houston, I know you feel this obligation to be open Mondays or Sundays. But ideally, maybe just Mondays because nothing's open on Mondays. Oh, well, all of our customers. Well, yes, you're right. But we're always open on Mondays and now we're open on Sundays at the market, so make sure y'all come by. I do pay, I do go on Mondays. Okay, I will leave you. Well, since it was your thought, would you make a motion? Sure, yeah, I'll make a motion for the 90 day extension. Beginning July one. Beginning July one. I'll second that. Is there any other discussion? Or have we beat that up enough? Okay, all in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed nay. Chair votes aye. Mid passes. Appreciate that. Thank you all. You're welcome. Good luck. I'm going back to work now. Okay, bye. Wasn't this a nice morning? But the engine's out there. I will come by the station. Oh, like the kindergarten. Maybe she'll bring you a loaf of bread. Okay. Arrow number 25-22-23-6-20-22 by City Clerk submitting various license applications. And seven minutes before the meeting, we got the stuff that we needed from Watershed. So we are recommending that you grant all licenses on the arrow. I need a motion. I'll make a motion that we grant all licenses on the arrow. Second. Any discussion? All those in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed nay. Chair votes aye. Mid passes. Okay, now we can have our little Our next meeting date will be on the 13th. I will not be in attendance. Oh, okay. I will be at a, I'll be in the stage but not on an island. Oh yeah, we need to do that. Can we do next meeting date adjourn and then go out to look at the fire truck? Yeah, you should adjourn.  Okay. But you can talk about the fire truck. Sounds fair to me. It's already purchased, so yeah. Mark your calendar. Next meeting date will be July 13th and Kathy will let us know if we're in room one or six or upstairs. Yeah, it'll be upstairs. They're gonna do presentations for the licenses. Okay. Okay. I feel like thrilled. Yeah, we're still. I actually enjoy this. I won't be here. Okay. I need a motion to adjourn. I'll make a motion to adjourn. Second. All those in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed, nay. Here votes aye and we are adjourned.


The wild To start with Ivan Chukic will I Got it. We'll talk about new features in C++ 17 and 20 And then we will have a talk by the sponsors followed by the Oscars or the Academy Awards So it's a pretty good lineup. Let's begin Okay, this was a real really enthusiastic introduction. It will be over soon So Let's first the reason for me giving this talk I usually don't give over review talks because I find them boring But the main reason is that in KD especially KD frameworks. We don't even depend on K on C++ 11 so I this is my attempt to try to a Little bit inspire you to force People like David for now called the David 5 to actually propose for us to increase the compiler requirements for most of the things that we are doing so The usual disclaimers blah blah blah The history of C++ was really slow first it was see the classes and we all know that it was standardized in 98 and since then until C++ 11 and nothing major changed we got an intermediary New standard which was just the bug fix release of the previous C++ 98 So for the most part the language was really stagnating a couple of things were published under the technical Whatever was One which had a couple of interesting Experimental library features and stuff that you could access through STD column column tier one column column something like bind or similar stuff But nothing actually happened Nothing important until C++ 11 now C++ is split into two parts the core language and the libraries and usually when we say a new Version of the language most of the people think only about the core language and What new syntax we are getting most of the people just somehow ignore the standard library? Especially in cute community Some people even claim that they never needed anything in standard library Some of the cute maintainers which I'm not going to mention so In C++ 11 We got in the core language. We got lambdas Auto range based for loop and in the library. We got a lot of things including smart pointers In C++ 14 we didn't didn't get that many new things just again a polish of the previous release with a lot of bug fixes Now C++ 17 Has landed or almost landed. I'm not sure whether it actually is published by ease or not But all the features are already known and and voted in So we kind of know what we are going to get One of the first things that we are going to get are structured bindings So we have a lot of things in standard library which return STD pair for example when you want to insert a value in a map You're going to get an STD pair of an iterator and a boolean whether the insert was successful or not And if you wanted to use it in the old C++ You would have to write something like if where dot second and if you just Look at the line if where dot second. It doesn't mean absolutely anything It doesn't tell you a single thing about what you're doing there so The thing that we were able to do since C++ 11 is to declare iterator it and a boolean value called success then called STD tie STD tie will get create a tuple of those element references to the elements that you passed it and then you could write STD tie equals to something that returns a pair or a tuple and The result will be decomposed into the variables that you tied now this is Much more readable. You can just write if success and you know that something succeeded. It's not called the dot second But the problem is that we still have to declare the variables completely separately from the tying and Value assignment the problem is not only that it's tedious to write But we can't declare these variables as const and we are advised by the Scott Myers and a lot of smart C++ people that We should always declare everything as cost unless we actually intend to change it So this is again not an ideal solution. It's better than the original one A little bit more readable, but it has a lot of boilerplate around it So C++ 17 is going to abuse yet another set of brackets So instead of using curlies or normal parentheses there For this the angle ones are used What does this mean? We are creating two variables that will have their types deduced by the compiler and The types of them were will be the same as the types that are in the tuple written by insert Okay, so this way we don't need we can immediately declare them as cons They will get the automatic automatic types and we kind of get something that was Always possible in many functional programming languages things to the decomposing structures like this and This is one of the let's say biggies in C++ 17 Which kind of gives you the idea that C++ 17 wasn't really a big Big step forward compared to the C++ 14, but we will return to that later The next thing that was introduced This is probably the code that you all Wrote at some point when you want to to lock a mutex Obviously, you're going to use RII with some locker guard or something and then you're going to create a block So that you minimize the portion of your code where the mutex is locked and Again, this block exists without any without a while without anything It's just there so that we can invoke RII when the block exits Instead of this now The if statement and the switch statement support initializer then semicolon and then the The value that is going to be checked against true or false just like the for loop Okay So now we actually have just a single block The lifetime of this lock guard will be only in this if and obviously in the else branch But since we don't have the else branch we don't care about it This variable doesn't even exist outside of this block. Okay, and this is again something that Makes the code a little bit shorter and much safer because you cannot Even if you try you cannot leave that mutex on unlock mutex locked And then if you want to combine the previous two features Because we had the code that did an insert and then checked for success You can combine. Okay this structure this pair into it and success and then the Condition for the if will be just success So while this might seem like a really useless feature to add to a programming language and Into the major programming language and major version of a major programming language. This is quite useful and In a couple of things that I actually could use C++ 17 in I abuse this as much As possible it make the code much shorter in in a couple of really important situations so That's essentially it for the part about Major let new language features Which I consider at least important one of the things more that was Inserted is to help metaprogramming not regular programming So for imagine we have a function f and it needs to access Accept a value and we need to have different implementations for f depending on whether that value is integral Value or anything else. So for example in con char or whatever compared to strings or everything else in old C++ we would need to Create two different implementations. So f impulse Which accepts a value and accepts std true type and The other f impulse accepts a value and std false type and Then what would f do f would call f impulse for a value and then it would Pass a compile time type or a compile time Integral constant is integral of t will return Either an instance of true type or an instance of false type and the correct one will be called and This is something that is usually called tag dispatching because this true type and false type are essentially tags That we are attaching to a function in order for the compiler to know exactly which one to call In C++ 17 we are going well we got Something called constant expression if the difference is that normal if the thing that you pass as the condition is Evaluated at runtime with constexpr if it's evaluated at compile time and If it's true, then the else branch is discarded completely if it's false Then the if branches discarded completely this means that both branches obviously have to have correct syntax but they can use things for example if We got the else We could call For example else if the type is a string we could call methods of a string The compiler if this was an ordinary if Would complain that for integers that member function doesn't exist and this way That branch will just be thrown away and it will never be called So we can write things that are Syntactically valid, but our would be invalid in the context when T is some specific value some specific type So the if constexpr is something that was There was a more powerful proposal called static if by Alex and rescue The idea was to allow if constexpr to be anywhere in the scope so that you can enable disable functions and similar things but because of concepts and Little bit of a clash between concepts and that static if was Abandoned and constexpr if was added just for the intermediary period until we get concepts Okay, the next thing that I really really really love Again about generic programming until now if we declared the template function We could call it just with f of 42 the compiler would automatically deduce the type of the argument So we wouldn't have to write f of t of int close and 42 but for classes we didn't have automatic type deduction So if we tried to write C of 42 where C is a class template class We would get an error and For this reason for example in the standard library. We have a std pair Std pair if you want to instantiate we either have to write std pair of int char something something Or we need to use the make pair function because the function can invoke the automatic type deduction and The class cannot so for most of the template classes that we created We always needed to create a make that class function to trigger the automatic type deduction with C plus plus 17 The compiler became much smarter It now allows the compiler that the standard allows the compiler to check for the constructors and To see whether it can deduce the types from the constructors themselves So for example for the pair we don't we will not no longer need to specify the types The compiler will check all the constructors for std pair. It will see okay. I've got something that's called t1 t2 I can match t1 t2 to int and int in this case And this is something that is really really removing the boilerplate for writing make something make something make something make something Apart from these there are a couple of other core language features that were that have been added for example guaranteed copy elision Who knows what the copy elision is then Okay, I don't have really enough time, but if you are returning of some complex I don't know a string from a function and you have a string in in the caller and you're just the sign in it The compiler will move Not move we'll elide the copy of the result into this one, but it will directly construct the result into the caller and This is how this is an on the optimization that was always defined by the standard as optional For a lot of cases now. It's a bit of compilers are guaranteed to make it so you can Start to rely on it more heavily Then we have to play total which is Inline variables are cave. I'll skip that as well attributes there there have been Two important attributes at this far as I'm concerned Fall through is the attribute for example if you're writing a switch statement and you forget to write somewhere return a value or Break the compiler will now report the warning unless if you explicitly say that you want a fall through to the next case and Since I've seen so many bugs For people forgetting the break or a return. This is one of the really really really good features The other one is no discard You can declare for example a function like STD async which returns a future Do you know what happens if you call STD async with For example STD async this function STD async this function STD async this function and all of those functions should write Hello world character by character What is going to be written on the on the screen? That's what normal people would expect. Yes Unfortunately louder Yes, so STD async returns a STD future a special variant of STD future which Blocks on destruction and since we didn't assign anything to a variable After each STD async call the temporary future will be destroyed it will call a dot get and it will block So even if you write a thousand asinks everything is still synchronous For functions like those you can just write no discard and then compiler will complain if you Actually discarded the value instead of storing it into Instead of naming it somewhere or passing it to another function We have nested namespaces Which is one of the reasons why originally Qt didn't want to use namespaces So that they don't need to deal with namespace a namespace b namespace c and stuff now It's much much easier to write a column column b and we have a little bit relaxed range for loop a range base for loop in C++ 11 and 14 For both begin and end of a collection you have to have the same type now this This restriction has been lifted so that we can support special types for the end called sentinels Which is really useful with ranges and stuff that actually use sentinels, but for normal collections. Maybe maybe not if you if I have the time in the end to explain what sentinels mean in This specific case you can just remind me Now we are moving to the library part We have been added a couple of Algebraic data types more specifically some types got into the standard library The first some type is optional of t Which is something like a container that can either be empty or have a single value inside So in our original example names dot insert just imagine that if insert fails It returns a false and an invalid iterator, which is a lie, but imagine and We are only considering the case where We are going to access the iterator only if the second thing is is true and this is something that is Really really often done If we wanted to have an optional value in C++ we either created a pair of bull and something else Or we created an iterator Sorry pointer to something which could be null or point to a real value or Some really demented people use lists because lists can have zero or one item And we are going to ignore that they can have much more than one item So in order to model something really trivial, I don't have a value I have a value we use the really really strange hacks the problem I think the most common was With the pointers and the beat the pointers you don't know who is the owner Do you need to delete it when somebody returns your pointer or not or it's just an optional value that Oh for the love of God Okay, I don't have the time So we got the optional you just say optional for iterator. It can be empty or it can have an iterator and if It's true. So optional casts to a boolean, which is true if it has a value As an extension we have a variant Instead of not having the value or having some value. We now can have any of the specified values inside So like a type say if they tagged union Where this is quite useful for For example in optional, we just know that the value doesn't exist But we don't know the reason why it doesn't exist So one of the really common use cases for Varianties to say okay, we have a value or we have an error message So whether it's a error code error message or a pointer to accept to an exception it's quite useful and if you want more about this you should check out a Effective error handling or something like that from cpp on a couple of decades years ago In order to access the values inside of a variant you can if you're sure that some Some type is currently in a in a variant. You can call as did he get If it's not there it will throw an exception and you can call if you just want to check whether the type is there and Without any exceptions you can call get if It will return a now pointer Yes, instead of an option it returns a now pointer to but who cares Now as did he get he as did he get if are not really the best way to To check what what is inside of a variant you should always use the STD visit And with C++ 17 we can easily create overloaded lambdas. So you have a rudimentary way to do by pattern matching You say visit overloaded for if We have an iterator call this lambda if we have exception pointer call this lambda and this Looks and works really nice visit will return the value returned by the lambda that that has been called So it's not void it can you can really nicely chain all the all the invocations Again if somebody wants the explanation of the grayed out part I'll I could rewind a bit later And we have STD any which is not to be used and then we have Instead of using const string graph and similar things in all of the places We should obviously use string view which is able to abstract over blah blah blah I think we had a talk at academy about string views. If not, it will be at cute developer summit or Whatever, so you can check that talk instead And we had a couple of really amazing features Again library features for people who write generic code and for example, you're writing your own algorithm like copy if One of the argument arguments that you're going to get is a function Now it can be a function. It can be a function object It can be a pointer to a member function pointer to a member variable it can be an object castable to a function pointer or something like that and Yeah, I think I managed to count them all So for the most part you can call them as f of open parentheses argument close parentheses But pointers to member functions and pointers to member variables You cannot call with a normal function call syntax and Because obviously the language wasn't extended to sport it the library guys decided okay We are going to do it because these lower level guys have just done So they implemented a function called sd invoke It gets any kind of callable so anything that I just enlisted and a list of arguments that you can pass to it So if you're writing generic code, this is the way you should invoke your functions It looks ugly, but it works for much more than normal function call syntax Then we have sd apply which does almost the same But it doesn't get the arguments one by one but inside a tuple and we have type trait is invocable If you want to write meta programs and check for whether something is invocable or not We got a really cool thing C++ 17 introduced a lot of cool things into the library in the core language not as many five minutes okay, so The Academy Awards is cancelled So If you want to do static introspection in old c++ it would be really really long and not understandable And now it's a little bit shorter and still not understandable So we have we can create a type trait that checks whether Some type has a column column value type nasty type So most of the collections in standard library and Qt has it so that you know Q list of t that it contains t and We can check With void t we can check whether some type actually exists If it doesn't exist then the thing where you use the void t will be removed from the overload set So if we are going to pass t is an int The first one will pass because void t is empty So by default it will be false type If it goes to the next one it will check do I have int column column value type? No, I don't it will remove that from the overload set It's not a compiler error on anything else. It's sub substitution failure is not in RSV and then you will be able to use it Has value type as an any type trait from the standard library What's more void t can even be used to check whether expression can be evaluated on a certain type so if This worked for collections that are well behaved and define value type This would work on any iterable object So we need to have a begin that we call can call on the function We need to be able to the reference begin and that's the star begin off the global of t and We need to have the end iterator Which will never be the reference so we don't need to start it and we don't need to check whether it can be the reference so we here we check for a t type t is star begin off of a value correct and is end of Star off that value correct and again you can call it as any ordinary Type trait and now in C++ now in C++ 20 we are going to get ranges Algorithms have their problems with composibility. I'm now speeding up because I have only three minutes for three huge features So algorithms are cool to compose in a completely wrong way not in the right way so we are going to get ranges and Instead of having temporaries and stuff You can just say copy items remove all the items that are selected and push them to Output stream iterator to print them out and you can chain these transformations. Just like you are in a normal functional programming language And with a much nicer syntax than SQL What's the problem here? Yeah Although the compiler will not really say that it will say a lot of a lot of a lot of a lot of error messages And one of them will be that you can't That there is no operator minus on list to iterator because it's not random access But that's something that you need to know. That's not something that the compiler is going to tell you Concepts which are implemented in gc trunk and you can play around with them Instead of writing template type name something you write template Concept name see and then when you try to call the function It will at compile time check where the dead type satisfies the concept in front of it Okay, I'm going to skip this a bit You could write your own concept For example this concept checks whether something is callable so that you don't need to accept functions as ordinary templates But you can communicate which is which are the arguments that you require and you can just say Concept bull callable will be defined as invocable of RFRX dot dot value and blah, blah, blah You all know what this means And when you define a function you can just write callable of bull comma P and this is still a template. That's one of the problems Template is not written. So it's implicitly template which can lead to problems for people who are writing libraries But it's a template. It's not a SDD function. This is not going to be any slower when executing the code It's a normal template. It's just that it's checked for P to be exactly something to satisfy some condition and Then you all know what futures are You all know that it's a real problem to call dot get because it will block your system Some futures have a dot then to chain the continuations, which is cool, but ugly and Qt has the most ugly solution of them all Creating a future watcher that you can connect to and the last line is missing You need to set watcher set future this one and this is how you change continuations in Qt which is So one of the proposal that that is most likely to get into C++ 20 needs to introduce two new ugly keywords one is called co-await and the other is called co-return What this is doing? For example FV is a future value It will suspend the current function until that value arise. It will not suspend your main program So just temporary pause the function and continue working on everything else and Then you can have a couple of co-awaits for each of them It will be suspended until the value arise until the value arise until the value arise and Yes, a couple of Sentences more The thing to notice here is that we are returning a future Since we have a function that is going to be suspended and its call or expect it to finish immediately It cannot actually wait. It needs again to return a future So co-await and co-return need to Can be used to change stuff. You cannot ever actually return on your normal value until you call a dot get but most of the time you don't need it and It doesn't need to be used on the synchronous stuff only you can use it on any I'm not I'm going to say monads Like optionals so instead of checking if Not to value return you can just say co-await optional value If the optional value is not there it will just jump to the exit and return and not an empty optional Otherwise value will get that value process it and return an optional that has a result in it and With just two minutes over the over the limit. I'm finished