What is going on across the national football league with all these calls involving roughing the passer with Chris Jones with Grady Jarrett, we're gonna be talking about that as well as the Carolina Panthers Firing their head coach following a one and four start and are the Arizona Cardinals in trouble I mean they've been down in every game this season by halftime. That's five games We're gonna be discussing and dissecting the Cardinals and their playcalling on a brand new episode of time to football Glad you guys are able to join us. My name is a son con the hoses shambler We like to call time to football if you guys aren't already subscribed to the channel Hit that subscribe button because we'll come out with these weekly podcasts every week And we're also gonna be previewing week six of the 2022 season as well towards the end of this episode now if you haven't noticed Anthony if you are a regular viewer with us our co-host is not joining us here today and That's because no he did not get fired for a second straight week. He did not Show up on the show. Well, okay. The real reason is yes He did get fired, but I'm gonna make up an excuse and say that I am sick right now And he cannot show up on the show because I don't want him around that because who knows maybe I have COVID Hey, everything is COVID nowadays. Oh your elbow is broken COVID. Hey, we're shot penny. You broke your tibula. No, that's not broken tibula That's COVID What's that weird rash? It's COVID Two years later and people are still saying we're in a pandemic Anyways, no, it's just like a little bit of the sniffles. I'm feeling kind of fatigued and stuff like that So I don't want to expose Anthony towards all that so hopefully next week Anthony can come join us Let's not wasting any more time. Let's get into the topics of today's episode So after this video premieres on YouTube, you're gonna notice Timestamps on this video for the particular segments Feel free to skip around to go to a different segment as well as these segments are gonna be posted throughout the duration of the Week on this YouTube channel gonna be split up So if you wanted to wait for that didn't want to watch this very long video by all means you're more than welcome to Click out of this and wait for the segments to be posted But the first topic to talk about are the bad calls that were called on Grady Jared and Chris Jones One of the games didn't really affect the outcome while the other it might have affected the outcome of that game Grady Jared gets around beautiful play design by the way by the Falcons defense The coordinator set up a pick to the guard and the tackle so that Jared can get around them and kind of use his momentum to sack Brady bring him to the ground call that as roughing the passer for Chris Jones It was kind of a bodyweight kind of thing kind of putting his bodyweight on Derek Carr and they called that roughing the passer Let's first talk about Grady Jared and Tom Brady Jerome Boger was in charge of that play call If you guys don't remember last week in week four Jerome Boger was the referee for that bills Ravens game two minutes three seconds left in that game A roughing the passer penalty was called on the Baltimore Ravens That allowed the bills to get a first down and eventually come back and win that game If you go back to that call go back and watch that play There wasn't really much of a roughing the passer to be called there I mean he really didn't lead with those helmets and he didn't attack the helmet of the quarterback either He just kind of brought him down. I guess you could say maybe it was like a split second late But still like it wasn't anything to constitute throwing a flag and potentially costing the Ravens the game Well, it did cost the Ravens that game against the Buffalo Bills And then fast forward a week later Jerome Boger does the same thing costing the Falcons the game Against the Buccaneers. We don't know for sure if the Falcons were going to come back. I get it I get it But that pretty much put the dagger in it saying that the Bucks are going to guarantee Win this game So Boger is under a lot of pressure from the national football league as I mean as far as the media goes I don't know if the NFL is going to go into their independent investigation or anything like that But this kind of dates back to years ago And I guess most notably 2021 the Bengals versus Raiders playoff game Boger was intentionally left out of the playoffs because of the fishing crew and how Not so good of a job. They were doing so there's a history and a long track record of Boger and this poor officiating and This Jared call was apparently the camel that broke the straws back or the straw that broke the camel's back Whatever the hell the saying is and now people are figuring out. Okay. Maybe Boger should be Investigate. I don't know like investigating seems like a harsh word Take it out of games. I don't know what the word is but It is a bad call now. Let's Put a pause on Grady Jared. Let's talk about Chris Jones Monday night football Putting his body weight supposedly on Derek Carr And it being a roughing the passer penalty and you go back and you watch it didn't really Constitute for a flag to be thrown on that play and the chiefs fan definitely let them hear it at Arrowhead that was before halftime like before the two-minute warning And it led to a first down by the Raiders and they were able to get a field goal out of it And then when the kickoff the second half kickoff happened fans were still booing The officiating crew so they were trying to let the people know like or the fishing crew know like hey We saw what happened with Grady Jared. We saw the roughing the passer penalty Why are you doing the exact same thing and you could potentially cost us the game now? It didn't cost him the game the Raiders eventually, you know I don't know why they went for it on two-point conversion when you could have tied the game But anyways, like whatever and Devonte Adams pushes the guy. Anyways, whatever We're talking about the officiating It didn't lead to the chiefs losing the game per se, but still it was a very bad call. So Why is all this happening? It's because the tour took a while lower, man Because of tour and the hits they took and back-to-back weeks and the concussions that he's been suffering being hospitalized They want to be very very safe. They already Put in place new protocols for concussions like teddy bridge water Tour's replacement against the jets someone up in the sky was like, hey, I see a little bit of a stagger Maybe it wasn't that big of a deal, but I see a little bit of a stagger. Let's be safe. Let's take him out of the game And then he didn't return for the remainder of the game So they're being very very careful with this and I think of the first drive for the chiefs and for the Raiders Like they called sacks like immediately like they didn't even let Players bring down patron homes or dare a car. They were like, hey, you're wrapped up We know for sure that you can't escape out of this.  So they're not taking any chances with this. They don't want any more pressure So I guess tour could be the reason why uh, I mean not him particularly obviously you can't control what happened to him But his situation Is the reason why all of this is going on? But things need to change and the fact that like these kind of plays aren't reviewable I have no idea why like maybe there's something in the rule book that says like, oh, you can't review penalties of this nature because of this I mean, I know that that past interference after the saints got screwed and that game against the rams like past interference eventually was like reviewable, but it really didn't work out because like they just Nine times out of ten eight times out of ten They just took they stuck with the call that was on the field But roughing the pastor like do you guys feel like this should be reviewable at least like it's a 15-yard penalty It's a first down and it's something like defenders have a very very hard time Like I feel for defenders like what are you supposed to do? I can't put my body weight on them Okay, that makes sense.  I get it But what do you do if you can't put your body weight on a player you have to swing the player use your momentum And kind of bring them down Oh, well now that's roughing the pastor too like okay You can't attack them low either because you know the ACL can which makes sense Like it's just so hard for a defender like what are you supposed to do? How can you sack a quarterback at this point? Like I guess the only thing that you could really do is just like kind of run up go behind them and Not really like suplexing like because you got to be kind of gentle like you don't want to Oh, no, no, don't attack. I'm like just just go down just go down Like Grady Jared did nothing wrong like he used this momentum to Sack Tom Brady. Tom Brady's a six four 230 pound guy Like if he was just kind of gentle with them and like he just sat on his lap number one a yo number two Like he could just get out of there and just kind of roll out of the pocket or something and complete the pass You know like what are you supposed to do? Tom Brady post game was like I don't throw the flags. I don't blame Tom Brady. I know a lot of people are like Oh, yeah, Brady gets away with this and that and you got to protect Brady and I mean maybe I don't know but like If I was in Brady shoes, I'd be like free play. I don't agree with it But sure like I want to win the game like you can't get mad at that Leave a comment down below man I would love to interact with the guys and and hear what you guys have to say About this and how it involves the future of the NFL Do you think that roughing the passers should be Revealable moving on to the next topic the carolina panthers fired matt rule following an 11 and 27 record as the carolina panthers head coach Across three seasons started one at four in 2022 and now the panthers were like we're done. We've had enough We've seen enough and steve wilkos steve wilkes not wilkos wilkos is the guy that goes like good off boys steve Wilkes will be leading the charge. Who was the arizona cardinals head coach in 2018 He'll be leaving the charge for the panthers for the remainder of the 2022 season So what does this mean for the panthers moving forward now first? I don't want to criticize a guy who's at the lowest point In his life. He's just lost his job. He's got a family a wife kids to feed With that said the man is making 40 million dollars guaranteed For doing nothing. I think he's fine. So if he's okay making 40 million dollars for doing nothing Let's go ahead and criticize that carolina panthers fans rejoice breathe in Breathe out Oh, you feel that The air it's so clean and bank of america stadium Because now your offensive players can be utilized the way that they need to be I know carolina has been using christian mccaffrey as a past catching back the right way in the last couple of weeks But finally maybe dj more to something But again, baker may feel it's a quarter back. He's gonna be out for a couple of weeks I don't know that's a whole completely different topic. But anyways There's no way or nowhere for the panthers to go But up from here on out now a lot of panthers fans I've been reading on reddit and threads and stuff like that are like man I wish rule was still in the head coach so we can be one in 16 and get brice young or whatever Maybe but yeah, I know I completely understand that too, but For the panthers moving forward if you did care about this season This can only be a good thing for you guys moving forward I mean it just comes out to the point like kind of like the jim ursay philosophy that he had with carcin wence where it's like We know after following Carson wence for a whole season Watching him play in the last two games where the colts kind of blew it against the jaguars especially in the last game Where We know that after you blew those two games and cost us a playoff spot We know that you're not the quarterback that's going to lead us to the super bowl We could keep you around because you had a good stat line. We get it But are you going to be a super bowl quarterback or not and jim ursay was like this guy will never lead us to a super bowl Let's just go ahead and move on right now before it's way too late Let's go ahead and get some sort of compensation Third round pick whatever it is before it's too late the panthers are kind of in the same boat Where david tepper has come out and kind of explained the firing of matt rowell said Hey, he kind of lost his intensity for the panthers He's not going to be the guy that's going to lead us to a super bowl like just envision yourself Can matt rule be that guy for tepper? It was no so like don't waste any more time Let's just go ahead and get rid of him for the panthers and their head coaching search moving forward I think there's only one name right now this season that kind of sticks out and that is demico ryan's What a season that he's been what a year that he had last year as well I mean helping the defense Do well enough to get the 49ers To the nfc championship game But this year especially like only allowing 12 points per game on defense Which is tied first with the buffalo bills only allowing 249 yards a game to opposing offenses, which is first in the nfl ryan's after retiring in 16 Being a defensive quality control coach in 2017 I'm eventually getting promoted Following another promotion to defense coordinator in 2021 like he has been doing a very stellar job And I think the panthers have to view him as Candidate number one now you can't interview him until obviously later on And you want to see the season play out see if he's actually the real deal I get that but demico ryan so far is a very good head coaching candidate like Throughout the duration of this video as well like leave your comments down below. I would love to hear Who else who else do you think is a good coaching candidate for the carolina panthers? uh, but for matt rule this kind of reminds me of Urban meyer like the whole situation where shod con hired urban meyer When he had no head coaching experience and I remember when that happened. I was like What the heck is going on here? I know like the facebook Uh 40 50 year olds that only care about college football are like there's a very good hire because river meyer was a good man And he's oh, yeah Yeah, but like us nfl fans that only watch nfl and not really college are like Hey, this is not that good of a hire like he only wants that job because of treville lorence Like he's going to be the he's going to have the first overall pick He wants to build treville lorence a good solid team like he thinks is the french Nice qb like he wants to build around him like imagine taking a job just for one player man And he treated his players like they were college kids And not adults now matt rule like no head coaching experience in the nfl only came from college and it's like why are you Guaranteeing matt rule so much money In a seven-year contract when he has no head coaching experience now I know that matt rule was kind of a better guy than urban meyer I don't think rule was kicking eddie pinheiro in practice. It was like make your effing kicks Or was sticking around at bars and uh infidelity with his wife. Anyways, that's Completely different topic.  He's got a family. We can't we can't criticize him But anyways matt rule much better guy than uh urban meyer, but anyways I don't understand what the panthers were Thinking guaranteeing so much money. So that's gonna cost them a little bit and maybe that's gonna I don't know if this for sure. Leave a comment down below, but does head coaching salary affect cap space at all for players I genuinely do not know so if you guys know in the comments, I would love to hear your thoughts But if it does you're gonna be in a hole for the next three years but I mean you could have a Be in the position where you have the top five pick you could draft will Anderson From alabama or brice young whoever it is And you can turn your franchise around Baker may feel it's going to be out for a couple of weeks because of a high ankle sprain pj walker will be filling in and I mean that could be good news because dj more had 11 receptions off of 18 targets for 151 yards last season in two games with pj walker now 75 yards a game that's not like elite by any chance, but I mean that's much better than 50 to 60 yards that he's getting right now. So But this can only go up for the panthers. Um, but we'll see. I mean tough game this week against the ramps We'll see how the panthers respond with steve wilkes Would you believe me if I said that the arizona cardinals have been down at halftime? in every game this season five weeks Always down always coming back always in a deficit Sometimes it works out like that ot victory Against the vegas raiders. Sometimes it does not like last week against the philadelphia eagles What is going on with the corner specifically? In the first half that is leading to all of these deficits to further explain that We're going to be breaking down some film disclaimer. I'm not an NFL head coach But I watch 16 hours of football every week for the last three or four years So I don't have the knowledge to the extent of a coach, but I have a general understanding of Telling you what went wrong with the play. What went right with a play? So let's dissect the film first off. We want to show you this design screen to zack earth This is the second play of the game. Kyle Murray designed screen zack earths. Okay, you look at this You're like, okay, what's wrong with it? You get a decent amount of yards Well, nothing's really wrong with it, but if these it's the idea that in the first half They're not really taking intermediate shots down the field more So jump offs to your receivers and your tight ends let them get a lot of yards after the catch Let them do their thing and the problem with that is it can lead to a lot of three and outs Let me explain that further with a very second play that i'm going to be showing you Rondo more is in motion Okay, lines up in the backfield and then he goes out towards the right Kyle Murray dumps off to him This ends up being a four-yard loss did we not learn anything from last season where more was averaging seven eight nine yards of reception It wasn't really doing anything to contribute to the arizona cardinals offense that much This leads to a four-yard loss can lead to a lot of three and outs the next play we want to show you back shoulder throw outside Okay, cool. Nothing wrong with that But again, this is only a three-yard toss if it were complete This is again is going to lead to a lot of three and outs Unconverted third downs your team goes off on offense and now on defense And the last play we want to show you is an end around to rondo more. It's creative I give them props for that But the problem with this is that the left tackle Motions right because everybody's motioning right to try to fake out the defense That kyler Murray is going to be the one running the ball first off the defense to their homework They know that Murray is only averaging what two three four carries a game not that much So he's really not going to have a lot of design runs and then the defense of n is going to say Oh, I am free. I could go on the outside and just try to sack kyler Murray that way. Oh, no, you hand it off to rondo more Okay, even better. I can chase him down for a loss. This was also zone coverage So even if the tackle blocks that defense of n you still have two defensive backs on the left side of the field That can chase down rondo more and kind of limited him to just a one two three yard gain again Not a lot of yards you're getting and it's going to lead a lot of three in outs and a lot of unconverted third downs That is what's happening with the arizona cardinals.  We're down by 14 down by 20. Let's throw it deep. Let's go Incorporate marquise brown a little bit more and try to get something out of our quarterback. So Like in theory, it's a very good strategy like tom brady has made a living Just dumping the ball off and letting his receivers do a lot of yards after the catch But for the Cardinals, it's just not working out like this kind of strategy and this play calling like it seems like Okay, they want to dominate the time of possession keep the opposing offense off the field But you don't have an established run game to really help with that for the cleveland browns in 2022 Like they are so good in dominating time of possession Because they have two established running backs that do a very good job of getting four five six yards to carry For the Cardinals james connor. It just hasn't been working out this season for them And then when I talked about kyler Murray only averaging like two three four Five carries a game like you're not really utilizing him as much as a rusher Which is something that he's done very well in his career I like to see him get utilized more and they run option game and design qb runs rather than Having to depend on your legs only if the play breaks down the offensive line breaks down and you have no other choice I do think things are going to get better once deandre hopkins comes back Then you can transition from those short passes to more intermediate passes Get more chunky yardage and move the chains and be on the field longer. I get it But right now until hopkins comes back and this will be the last week without hopkins Until hopkins comes back Like it's gonna be it's gonna be very tough and they're always down in these deficits because you get a lot of three in Outs unconverted third downs and your defense is just not playing well enough to stop the opposing offense so Leave a comment down below. I love to hear your thoughts on what's going on with the cardinals and What needs to change but I mean that's just my two cents like in the first half You just got to be a little bit more aggressive uh and not really rely on rondo more getting these Ender rounds and only averaging four five yards of reception like that's just not going to cut it To wrap up this episode what we do every week is preview the week ahead So week six with the 2022 season we just kind of go through each game just kind of give you our initial thoughts Uh, and maybe even teams that could pull off the upset going into week six So, uh, the Thursday night football game kicks off in prime video Bro, it's been brutal with prime video, I mean like the presentation of Sunday night football top tier Presentation with all these established networks top tier with prime video. It's like I mean, I don't want to kind of like uh urban meyer. I said that no He's more of like a college football guy like us nfl fans like we know like it's not going to work out with urban meyer Us nfl fans. No, it's not going to work out with kerker tree I could have told you that Before he even got signed out. I was like, dude, this guy's like no like all the respect in the world to the guy to the man like Commentator wise like he has good communication skills But as far as like covering NFL games, he doesn't like really know a lot of the player's names So he'll say like number 73 number 57 number 69 nice You know, it's just like oh gosh But it's gonna be even more brutal with the Washington commanders versus Chicago Bears This could be one of those games where it's like, okay, two bad teams, but it could actually be like pretty decent I hope I mean anything could be better than last week. So Sorry that we had to kick off the week and it's probably gonna have a low viewership this week, but Who knows maybe I'm be an exciting game Uh 49ers falcons, you know if I had to pick an upset I mean the falcons have been in all of the games this year All of them like They kind of got screwed last week, but I could see the falcons pulling off an upset this week The defense like falcons office versus 49ers defense is going to be very very tough But I could see it happening I could I could see the Atlanta defense stepping up Against the 49ers offense and if that happens then I I think the 49ers Have a good shot at losing this game Uh browns patriots Romaggio Stevenson is probably going to take over Damon Harris seems like he's going to be out I don't know about mac Jones. He was doubtful going into last week But if he comes back, that's gonna be good. Jacobi Myers has really stepped up man As a wide receiver won But yeah patriots browns both two and three got to get their season turned around right here Jets Packers. I got a buddy that says he's a Jets fan. He's like, I don't care about the Jets Until they are above 500. Well This is your week to start caring and then maybe they go back to 500 After the loss against the green bit Packers, maybe they pull off the upset but We did pick the Jets to beat the dolphins last week though. So Proud of that one Jaguars Colts.  Ooh Will it happen again? I doubt it man. I doubt it. I think Jonathan Taylor might be coming back in this game I know he was active in week two, but I don't think they get shut out this week Vikings dolphins we don't know the status of two would just yet. I assume he's going to be out Do you know the status of teddy bridge water? I assume He's probably going to be out Unless he like cleared concussion protocol. I don't know The vikings four and one four and one my super bowl prediction This year and I don't my probably dumb for thinking this but I said chargers Vikings was my super bowl the vikings so far are proven like, okay Yeah, maybe they could you know four and one maybe they could pull it off But the chargers not so much. We'll talk about that when we get to them With the monday night football game Bengals, uh saints, okay returned to ls louis and I should say Joe burrow jamar chase all those guys Uh, yeah, something's off of the Bengals. Um, a lot of people are double covering Or planning for jamar chase and it's just not like really working out for him T. Higgins is dealing with an ankle issue as well So saints defense like don't be surprised if they limit the Bengals offense to like less than 24 points or anything like that Uh ravens giants giants four and one ravens three and two Okay I know what you're thinking The giants like what the heck the four and one are they actually legit? There might be their defense is really good And daniel jones is just doing enough to where he's not really Causing a problem for the giants, but I think the ravens probably have this one I mean, I I don't doubt lemar jackson I think after beating the Bengals the ravens are the favorites to win the afc north and I think they could get pretty far Uh in the playoffs could potentially make the super bowl Buck Steelers, can he pick it didn't look that bad. I mean he had an interception. I get it but against the bills supposedly pretty decent defense I mean threw for over 300 yards in his nfo debut. So Uh, not that bad, but you know Tom Brady in the bucks that's that's gonna be tough to beat the panthers in their new regime versus the la rams It's not looking good for the rams This could be the week that they're turning around though Hopefully like they could go to three and three and then just forget about the pass. Let's look forward Uh panthers firing their defensive coordinator as well because the rams struggle against tough defenses The panthers firing their defensive coordinator. This could be uh, you know what show for crap show for Uh, the bengal or the the panthers. So Rams could do some damage. Cornell seahawks Geno, man, not writing back Not writing back this season. Cornell's looking, uh, we just talked about him Kind of looking questionable. So the seahawks could pull off the upset but I don't know man. I think I think eventually the magic for geno has to run out eventually.  I want them to write back to me. So uh Seahawks, I'll give them a shot. I'll give them a shot. Geno Smith has been looking very very good Uh buffalo bills case to chiefs. It's probably the game of the week We saw what happened last year in the playoffs of travis kelsie seven receptions 25 yards, man a four touchdowns They planned they they planned for travis kelsie the raiders did Only allowing 25 yards, but in the red zone. I I don't know man. I I don't know they didn't plan for it Uh, it's not that I football cowboys eagles We don't know the status of dak press got just yet, but I think he's gonna be out if I'm not mistaken Uh, like he hasn't been practicing at all So far and he's always been shut down. So he hasn't even had a limited practice this week or So far since he's been injured. So I think it's gonna be kubarush and kubarush might lose his first NFL game I guess an undefeated team and then but in our football Broncos was the Chargers man a lot of controversy, dude with the uh With the Denver Broncos as far as Russell Wilson goes and like everything going on with this character and everything I mean, we don't really on this show talk about Drama or anything like that, but if it involves football what it means for the football team, then we'll talk about that Maybe he's losing a hold on the locker room Kaja hamler seemed visibly upset last week. I get it a lot of former players as well Seem visibly upset with what russia wilson is doing. I get it, but whatever.  That was hilarious Yeah, I guess chargers fans are over brandon staley at this point, but I'm still gonna ride with them I'm gonna say viking chargers still my super bowl pick. I mean I'm gonna I'm gonna stick with it Gotta stick with it But that brings us to an end to this episode I appreciate you guys watching again subscribe to this channel if you aren't already subscribed And uh, give me follow on twitter as well at it's the sun con We'll love to chat with the guys throughout the week throughout the duration of the games Please keep me awake during this washington chicago game That's gonna be happening on thursday night with all that said. Thank you guys so much for watching And i'll see you next week. Take care


This paper proposes a novel approach to assessing the capacity of a road network under demand uncertainty. It uses a sensitivity analysis-based approximation method to reduce the computational burden of repeated capacity loading experiments with random sampling of uncertain parameters. Simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the reliability of road network capacity and the probability of high congestion for each link under uncertain demand. Results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the capacity of a road network under demand uncertainty and can be used to identify links with a higher risk of congestion. This article was authored by Zhong Zhigu, Mu Chengdu, Zhenquanzhou, and others.


Good morning Hank, it's Tuesday. My new book, Turtles All the Way Down, comes out in exactly one week in a related story. The sound my anxiety makes is Beep Beep Beep Beep But today I want to talk about other books I read this year and want to recommend to you. Let's do this by genre. Okay, we'll start with YA fiction since that's what I write. Aside from the hate you give, which as I said in my blurb, I truly believe will be remembered as a classic of our time, there are a few books I want to recommend, all of which made me cry. Although, to be fair, I am a bit teary of late. First, the inexplicable logic of my life by Benjamin O'Leary Signs, whose books are always so tender and generous to the reader. As you'll know, if you've read Aristotle and Dante, discover the secrets of the universe. But this one might be my favorite. Secondly, We Are Okay by Nina Lacour, a poetic meditation on loss that took me right back to those last days of adolescence with lines like We were nostalgic for a time that wasn't over yet. And then there's Piecing Me Together by Renee Watson, a book that genuinely changed the way I think about the role art plays in human life. I read this book in two days and I have been thinking about it for six months. Okay, moving on to regular grown-up literary fiction. My favorite 2017 book in that genre has to be Little Fires Everywhere by Celeste Ng, which is just brilliant. I mean, I know lots of people are talking about it, but with good reason, it's amazing. I really think we should be talking about Celeste Ng's books in the context of other great chroniclers of American suburban fiction like John Updike. Secondly, The King is Always Above the People by Daniel Alricone. Full disclosure, I went to high school with Daniel where he beat me out for the Creative Writing Award three years in a row. And it must be said with good reason. His story is still astonish me with their precision and their power. It is no wonder that this book is a finalist for the National Book Award. Okay, poetry. I don't know why, but I've read a lot of poetry this year and it's been a tremendous consolation to me. Instead of like summarizing these books, I think I'm just gonna quote from them. First, Nicole Seely's Ordinary Beasts.  Then there's Covey Akbar's Brilliant Calling a Wolf a Wolf. Time will break what doesn't bend. Even time. Even you. And lastly, Clint Smith's Counting Descent. I have always used words to try to convince the world that I am worth something. Some nonfiction I enjoyed this year. First City of Light, City of Poison. A history book that reads like a thriller about the first police chief of Paris investigating a series of poisonings that may have involved aristocrats close to Louis XIV. It is bonkers and I especially enjoyed the portrayals of what life was like for regular people in 17th century Paris. I also loved City of Thorns by Ben Rollins, which follows a handful of refugees over the course of many years living in Dadaab refugee camp, which once was home to over 500,000 people. It's a difficult book that doesn't offer easy answers, but it shows us that refugee stories are human stories. Speaking of important topics, The Water Will Come, a book about climate change and the future of humanity. Hank, I like science books, but I don't usually find them like Page Turni. This one really is. It's a thriller in which the hero in peril is us. I also loved The Man Who Couldn't Stop by David Adam. Some readers of Turtles All the Way Down may want to learn more about obsessive-compulsive disorder, and this is a good place to start. I also want to say I'm looking forward to a few books that come out this month that I haven't read yet, including Nettio Kaurafor's A Caught a Warrior, E. Lockhart's Genuine Fraud, and Maggie Steeve honors all the crooked saints. So my tour reading is sorted, I think. I am interested in finding out what you're reading and enjoying in the comments section below. Hank, in one week, Turtles All the Way Down will be out in the world, and we will be on tour. Nerdfighters, you can find out more about both those things at TurtlesAllTheWayDownBook.com, link in the doobly-doo below. I really, really hope you enjoy the book. Thank you for reading and DFTBA. Hank, I will see you on Friday.


Oh, all right So we're gonna go into the comments section We're gonna go into some reasons why I think that might be and then also our takeaways at the end Please hit that like button and check out other episodes of the hot pot boys I know that we're talking about religion here. It's a touchy subject. It's personal to a lot of people again You know, we've never we're not never talked about it in a disrespectful way and we're just we're just trying to be intellectually curious here Okay, we're talking about the study guys and we're also talking about small assos that you can pre-order at small assas calm from Sir Chuan to Sicily Andrew what are your quick thoughts about this because I guess you could also say that it's just a larger trend in America in general to be more religiously unaffiliated and Asians are just fitting it filly fitting into that trend But the Pew research study also said that of all the groups in America Asians were the least likely to say that religion was important to their life. Yeah, okay Well, I mean, I guess that makes sense often times obviously as we know There's a number of reasons for that and these are just reasons that I think in my head So you guys let me know um, I think a lot of Asian immigrants when they come to America They join churches for community and social aspects more than they do Spiritual aspects so once they kind of graduate from that church or go to that church for some odd years Maybe they don't go back to church, right? Also. I think Yeah, maybe there's a need a less of a need for those like community spaces because there's more f no burbs or more enclaves or more Plaza is right.  I believe we're Taiwanese and Hong Kong knees So they generally leaned it more into being Christian a lot of the churches that I knew about that were Chinese base We're either ran by Taiwanese or Hong Kong more Western exposure. Yeah, um, also a lot of these Asian churches Let's be honest are ran by the older generation and that doesn't make it more appealing Like if you grew up with strict Asian parents And then you went to church and you had more strict Asian parents running the church And then you went to Chinese school on Saturdays For more strict Asian parents, that's some stuff that you would probably not want to lean back into and I've never even heard of a Like a modern temple. I'm not saying there's none, but like The Buddhist temples are pretty old-school. Yeah, that's why any modern church right now That is gaining any traction at all like has like different delivery and knows how to speak to the people of the generation and things like that and Yeah, I mean generally the general movement of all Americans leaning away from church and religion a little bit So I think the graph would look similar for the average American But I guess perhaps more for Asians. Yeah, I would say that Asians maybe feel less of a need to declare some sort of I guess like in a weird way to say it like Abrahamic affiliation because we're just not from the West Yeah, Eastern hemisphere. So it's not like we feel like we gotta pick a squad Also, if you feel like that you need religion to like save your soul from like sins of your past I mean generally a lot of a lot of Asian Americans like they might not feel that strongly So they might not need their like soul to be saved didn't send that much. So you didn't need that much Yeah, but yeah, I guess so but Andrew it actually breaks down per subgroup Obviously like many things do and 56% of Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans were not affiliated with any religion That was the highest amongst these subgroups of Asians Three-quarters of Filipino Americans are Christian mostly Catholic 59% of Korean Americans are Christian mostly Protestant Indian Americans were far more likely than any other large Asian origin groups to be Hindu and Vietnamese Americans were the largest of any group to identify as Buddhist. Yo Hey, Filipinos man. They known as the warmest and jolliest Asians and they're the most Christian I don't know if there's a correlation Anyways, let's get into the comment section that we'll get into our takeaways. Somebody said this is from a white guy I think many of them just don't state that Buddhism is their religion because they treat it like it's just part of their culture And somebody said I'm half Asian my Asian relatives aren't conscious or explicit about the religion, but they are practically Buddhist This is an interesting thing Andrew, you know when something's a part of a culture for so long It gets interwoven It's also arguable that in a Western sense Buddhism is not really a religion but more of a philosophy about life How much Taoism Confucianism Buddhism is just inherent to the Asian experience without being explicit Overmind, you know, it's more subconscious. Right, right, right Is it is it just I mean I have friends who have like Buddha shrines in their houses But they're like you wouldn't even have a conversation with them about being Buddhist at all like, you know It doesn't mean that they are also I know people who like they wear maybe like the Buddhist Jade even with the cross like they feel they feel like it It makes sense and you know, I think depending on the sect of Buddhism because there are a lot of different types Then yes, it is very compatible And it's not really seen as another religion or another like I guess deity or like did you know actually Andrew in the Major East Asian languages or a lot of Asian languages in general. I had to look this up There's no real direct translation for the Western concept of a religion There's just no direct word for it because I just think that people in the East view things very differently than the West Yeah, the histories are different. I mean Somebody said living in Asia for many years I find that Asians have religion in them good as part of their being somebody said yes Abrahamic religions tend to War with each other a lot even though they are so similar I will say this in the East It's a little bit more about like harmony like yin and yang and this is like over simplification But definitely I noticed in the West it's more about like good and evil and when the evil comes up The good people got to come down and kill the evil people even though killings bad So you got to put some evil on the evil people, but it did that makes it okay. I don't know Yeah, that's how it's translated. That's how it seems. Yeah, that's how that's how it is executed somebody said I don't know man. The Asians sure believe in something they believe in the white man, especially the Asian women And that turned into a crazy thread somebody said a sure sign of intelligence Asians They have better math and science scores a.k.a critical thinking which would lead you to not be religious Mmm, of course, um, Andrew There is a big movement, especially would you say within the intellectual like was a literati and stuff like that to be anti Religious in the West, right? I mean overall there is like less churches than there was 40 years ago 100% you know, so I think that that is something that is ongoing. Yeah, I mean there is a a Some people would say like an anti-religion movement, you know, right Richard Dawkins This person said there are older white person and they work in the Boston area She said she noticed that the older Vietnamese people she works with are very devout Catholics or Buddhists The Filipinos were very devout Catholics as well as many Hispanics How much do you think it varies between the grandparents the parents and the kids because it sure seems like the kids are Religiously unaffiliated the parents are 50-50, but if the grandparents were into a religion, they're about it.  I guess as an Asian you become less religious I guess I would say yeah somebody said to Asians They are going to church for the social aspect not the spiritual aspect. That's to your previous point Somebody said Buddhism Hinduism Taoism are the best and somebody said Buddhism is the best because it's all about karma You do good things you get good things happening you do bad things you have bad things happen to you You can't just pray for forgiveness. It's more based on what you did. Mmm. That's interesting Um, oh back to the previous point Andrew about people going for community and not the spiritual aspect Do you think of 2023? It's much easier through the internet in a larger immigrant base to have community without the church Yeah, I think a lot of Asians are finding comfort in a community Outside of church. So maybe they're replacing that with going to church. So they're going to church less and instead they have their basketball league or Online community. I do think Asians are heavily online. So maybe that is where they find their community. So really You know at a time when immigrants they just needed to see each other because you know how like a lot of churches are like Segregated essentially by ethnicity or tribe or background, right? So you would need to go to that church to just even meet and see other people of that Saturday and Sunday the most segregated the Saturday night and Sunday morning are the most segregated days of the What does that say man when the most segregated days are the one day you're being the most sinful and the other day You're trying to be a saint Ultimately Andrew, what are your takeaways? You have any quick thoughts like it seems like this is a macro trend But Asians particularly Not on you know particularly like feel comfortable being like oh, yeah, you know, it is not that important to me Yeah, I mean I think that if you grew up at church and then you decide later on that you don't need it You know, that's your own personal opinion, of course And I think that but I do think that actually attending a church, especially for young kids at some point is somewhat helpful Yeah I think generally those environments are designed to be positive obviously they're still ran by humans humans can make mistakes But as is anything, you know like a school or a university, but like yeah, I mean I feel like that I Think that if you don't need it and you feel good about your life and you're good with yourself Then I guess so be it, you know, yeah, I guess maybe it's just speaking on how Asians got comfortable in America. Yeah Yeah, that's very interesting. Anyway guys, let us know what you think in the comment section below Keep it civil we encourage debate. Is this just an overall trend for everybody? Is it particularly strong for Asians? We popped up some of the charts We couldn't even get to everything because there were so many micro stats and infographics Let us know what you think until next time we the hop-hop boys. We out. Peace


There's a lot of great teams out there, really, and every team has a lot of flaws, right? No team is absolutely perfect, but some teams are very, very close. So I wanted to take a moment to talk about those five teams that are the most well-rounded teams in the NFL. So when we talk about the most well-rounded teams, I'm going to go ahead and talk about the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. They're an honorable mention, and I'm not going to include them on this five team list, because their secondary all season long has given up a lot of plays. They're kind of weak in the running game right now with Leonard Fournette out. I know Ronald Jones can step in. He had a great game. Qichan Von did as well, but they're kind of hurting a bit. And there's just been too many inconsistencies with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. So they're an honorable mention. If I had to name six teams that are the most well-rounded, then I would definitely put the Bucs in there. But mainly because of their secondary, I don't know. They've given up a lot of big plays. So I'd have to, I had to rule them out for this list. But let me go ahead and talk about the five teams going from number five down to number one. So first, number five on the list of the most well-rounded teams in the NFL. You've got the Buffalo Bills. I know you're probably thinking like, oh, the Bucs beat the Bills. Why are the Bills over the Bucs in this most well-rounded team? Well, here's the thing. They've been stout in the past defense. They've been stout in the run game as well. I mean, some games they'll give up some big plays here and there. And they've been inconsistent losing some games when they needed to win those games. But other than that, they have a great passing offense. Their defense is tough. There's six in the NFL and total yards first in the NFL and defensive yards given up. The run game, I mean, Devon Singatieri is now coming around. He's starting to get into the rhythm and starting to get into the groove of things. So the run game is kind of lacking. That's why they're at number five only. But I would say that the Bills are... If you're talking about the most well-rounded teams in the NFL, I would definitely put the Buffalo Bills up there. The next team most well-rounded in the NFL, number four, the Los Angeles Rams. Listen, they're great everywhere. But their past defense has given up some big plays. I honestly would have thought that the Rams were legit, without a doubt, Super Bowl contenders after the first one, two, three weeks of the season, right? And then after that, you kind of see them, OK, they're losing some games. Well, they lost to the Arizona Cardinals. The Cardinals are a tough team. Oh, they lost more and more games that they should have won. They've given up some big plays. This game, one-night game against the 49ers, they didn't look good. And it's so there is just some inconsistencies with the Rams and it's mainly because of their defense that has given up some big plays. Also, their offense. I love Matthew Stafford. I love Cooper Cup, but, I mean, at times, they've been exposed, right? But I still put them over the bills because they have an established run game like Sony and Michelle has been looking great the last two or three weeks. They're top 10 offense, but they're a middle of the pack defense. So that's why they're only at number four. Number three, especially recently during this win streak that they've been on, the Kansas City Chiefs, most well-rounded teams. I mean, they started three and five at one point. And now they're looking at being one of the, or maybe it was three and four. Regardless, they're one of the better teams in the AFC. They're actually the top seed in the AFC right now. This offense has turned it around. This defense has turned it around as well, only given up about, I want to say, during this winning streak, maybe around 12 to 13 points a game. Like this defense, if you want to talk about the most well-rounded teams, I would say that they're the reason why I would put them number three on this list. Now, they would be number one if the whole entire season, they were played the way that they've been playing as of late. But because of, you know, the beginning of the season, the first half of the season, they haven't been looking great. That's why I dropped them down to number three. But the Chiefs offense, Chiefs defense, all of it, all areas have been looking great as of late. Team number two, and this might surprise you because you might be thinking to yourself, well, then who's team number one? But the Green Bay Packers, the top seed in the NFC, 12 and 3 right now, why are they only at number two? Well, let's first talk about the positives, right? The Packers offense, the pass game with Aaron Rodgers, great. No question about it. The run game, great. Two great running backs in Aaron Jones and AJ Dillon, awesome. The more, the better. Their defense has been great as well. People don't want to talk about the Packers defense, but the Packers defense has kept them alive in many games when the Packers offense has been kind of stuttering a bit, right? So why are they only at number two and not at number one? Being the top seed in the NFC, it's because as of late, you may not have caught it, but as of late in the last two, three games, their passing defense has kind of struggled a bit. And I wanted to factor that in. So the Packers passing defense because they've been lacking just a bit, still very good, but lacking just a bit. I got to put them at number two, got to put them at number two. So that leads us to our number one team. Who's the most well-rounded team in the NFL? Listen, this isn't a fan favorite. It really isn't. But the Dallas Cowboys, I got to give them credit. I really do. You have two great running backs and Ezekiel Elliott and Tony Pollard. You have three great wide receivers, C.D. Lamar, Mark Cooper and Michael Gallup, a tight end and Dalton Schultz, a defensive line that's led by Demarcus Lawrence and Michael Parsons. That can create those turnovers. A secondary that is led by Trayvon Diggs that can get those turnovers and those interceptions. Oh, and by the way, the guy under center, the quarterback, you might have heard of them, but one of the better quarterbacks in the NFL. This team is one of the most well-rounded teams in the NFL. Super Bowl contenders without a doubt. And they are almost, almost flawless. I say almost because they've given up some big plays here and there. They look like they struggled a bit. But if you compare the pool between the Dallas Cowboys and the other well-rounded teams in the NFL, I've got to put the Dallas Cowboys up there at top. I really do. Well-rounded almost everywhere. One of the best defenses in the NFL, one of the best offenses in the NFL. So to recap the five most well-rounded teams, number five, Buffalo Bills, number four, Los Angeles Rams, number three, Kansas City Chiefs, number two, the Green Bay Packers and number one, the Dallas Cowboys. Leave your thoughts, leave your comments, leave your opinions down below. Who's the most well-rounded team in the NFL?


Design for disaster, the story of the Bel-Air Conflagration. Santa Ana, Indians named it Santana, the Devil Wind. When it blows, plants wither, trees and brush become crackling dry. Atmosphere grows tense, oppressive. People tire easily, argue more. Even the suicide rate rises during the months of the Santa Ana. Warm, dry. This climate plays an important part in attracting over 3,000 people a month to the city of Los Angeles to become permanent residents. To settle into hotels, apartments, homes along the coast, inland throughout the central residential sections to the far reaches of the valley areas. And some move up to the scenic secluded hill areas, where lush California vegetation softens the ridges and valleys for miles in every direction and breezes blow clean through native growth. And increasingly strong during the late fall months of the Santa Ana and dangerously dry when there has been no rain. It is during this unstable period that firemen most fear the potential. The potential of 134 square miles of thick, dry chaparral and oak all within the city boundaries of Los Angeles classed by experts as the fastest burning ground cover in the western hemisphere. And nestled in that cover, one of the greatest concentrations of high value homes in America. A serious problem in fire protection under even the best of conditions. On the morning of November 6, 1961, fire department dispatchers find conditions far from the best. Santa Ana winds are strong, gusty. Humidity and moisture content of the brush rock bottom. Fire danger extreme. At 8.03 a.m., a condition of high hazard is declared throughout the department. Standby companies are moved up to stations near brush areas to strengthen the circle of protection. But even as they move, trouble strikes. At 8.15 an alert of fire is relayed to the officer in command of mountain firefighting units. It's concerned they reported brush fire in the mountain area. 3600 blocks, Stone Canyon. The division chief responds immediately. Clouds of brush smoke are already visible on the ridge. The chief calls for additional companies. The fire starting from its point of origin north of Mulholland on Stone Canyon spreads out along canyon walls in three directions. First arriving units succeed in stopping it on the north, east and west flanks before it reaches threatened homes. But there is no stopping it on the south. Winds are driving the flames fast and hard toward Mulholland. The chief declares a condition of major emergency.  Support from air tankers is requested. 15 additional engine companies roll out. All key personnel are alerted in special mountain firefighting equipment dispatch. Deputy and division chiefs move up to take command of field units. As radio messages crackle in. The fire is over the top. It's heading straight down Stone Canyon. Engine 31, 45, 46 and 67 move directly into the fire. Fire has jumped Mulholland at the crest of the Santa Monica. It's headed toward Bel Air. To these men, brush fires are routine. But this one is pushing them hard. The flames take a run along the canyon slopes heading uphill toward the ridges. Firemen with high pressure hose streams knock the fire down as it tries to make the jump as it did over Mulholland. But in the canyon between, along the wide sweep of firefront traveling unchecked with the wind, there lies the problem.  Fire fans off to sweep up canyon walls threatening residential areas ahead. Chief engineer William Miller arrives at command post headquarters to take charge of fire operations. A quick size up of conditions prompts him to order everything available into the fire. Fire is spreading, growing by the minute. Air tankers sweep in. Fire danger is compounded by ground winds. The Santa Ana driving through at 50 miles an hour to hurl burning brands ahead of the main front. 100, 200, 300 feet ahead, other blazes are starting. Spot fires that appear from nowhere. All off-duty firemen are recalled to hold back what may come if the wind plays tricks. And the wind does. Embers blow ahead of the fire to fall on the opposite side of Roscoe Man. Fire is now west of Strudella, out of Stone Canyon. Their officers alert the command post for the new outbreak. Defense forces are split once again to handle the two additional fronts. As equipment and manpower thin out, fire grows with the wind. And flames begin spreading at the rate of 13 acres per minute. It takes change from offense to defense. Fire crews are directed to positions between structures and the approaching fire to begin the necessary technique of hit and run firefighting. Get ahead of the fire. Take a stand. Knock it down. Move ahead again. Always stay ahead of the fire. Fight to keep flames confined to single homes. Fire is below them. Sweeping soft, coming up on both sides of the ridges they stand on. Going overhead with the wind, dropping ahead of the men. The firemen are no longer ahead of the fire. Field commanders request more and more help as the flames spread. Unless we have companies that can lay into these individual houses, we are going to begin losing more houses on Roscoe Man. There is not enough. Badly needed help has come from county firefighting units. Twenty-two of their engine companies and patrol rigs are at the fire. Ten more have worked directly ahead of the flames to stop their advance. Twenty-three surrounding municipalities roll out to fill vacated Los Angeles stations. To cover for city companies that have moved into the fire. Fire officials decide where residents may remain, where they may not. Decisions are based on the prime consideration in any fire. Safety to human life. Ahead of the fire, police officers are hard pressed to control the evacuation of residents. While they work, radios blare out messages of trouble. Again, get our canyon. We need police assistance here to evacuate these people. Or if we don't get them out of here. There's a lady here having... Twenty-five Roscoe Bear Road. The children are out. The driver and the bus are... Everyone must use the same narrow streets. No crossroads connect the steep canyons, where fire easily jumps the ridges firefighters must drive miles to go around. Side-seers add to the problems. Police are forced to arrest many who move in to get a ringside view of disaster. And disaster it is. In the canyons, along the hillsides, on the ridges, houses are burning. Smoke blacks out the sun. Firemen work in close as firebrands blow against the sides of houses, drive into crevices of wooden roofs, through windows, into ventilators, and bunch under the eaves of houses in glowing masses, held there by hot glass of fire wind. Wind that bends high pressure hose streams into worthless spray. Wind that quips roof fires into billows of stubborn flame. Where the men have water to fight with, they're holding their own. And then without warning, some don't have water. First the pressure, then the water itself recedes from ridges. Fire companies are backed off by waves of flame. Along Stradella first, then Roscoe Bear, then Lender Flora. The situation becomes one of scattered running battles as fire crews pick individual targets. Water is drafted from swimming pools wherever possible. Where water is limited to that in apparatus tanks, homes that are furiously burning must be passed by. And the hundreds of others threatened or just starting to burn, a difficult choice must be made. Which to fight, which to forfeit. Houses with combustible roofs and those too close to brush are poor risks. Once extinguished, they catch fire again and again. Nevertheless, the firemen try. Air tankers come in low and often, despite collision hazards and the smoke. Only a limited number may operate. Even their biggest loads will not affect the huge central fires. They do their best work in conjunction with ground crews on the flanks to prevent fire spread. More equipment is moved in as fire sweeps south on a solid front at incredible speed. Every burning thing that can be torn loose by the wind is hurled ahead in this horizontal, leap-frogging, wind-driven advance. Burning brands rain down in clouds and fire leaps from wood roof to wood roof. Spot fires appear everywhere. Spread, fused together to feed the parent blaze. A blaze which is no longer just a major brush fire, just a group of burning buildings, it is now a full-scale conflagration. On the move, headed for the thickly populated areas of every residential section north and south of Sunset Boulevard. There is one chance. Every piece of firefighting equipment not actively involved in saving structures is being ordered to the area north of Sunset to head off the flames. Homes for the score disintegrate into quite hot embers carried high into the atmosphere by thermal columns of heat. Firestorms boil upward along residential stretches of Mendeflora, Chalon Road, Stradella, Samara, Chantilly. There is no clearly defined fire front. It's as if an enemy force had suddenly launched a paratroop attack behind the lines of defense. Sector chiefs attempt to maintain order where sectors no longer exist. Flames loom up in scores of homes on scores of streets. Firemen fight in smoke-imposed darkness throughout the fire areas. Some have no water, others have. In their concentration on the jobs at hand, none can know that four new crises are taking form. Six miles northwest in a remote area of Santa Inés Canyon, a second major brush fire is broken loose, destroyed nine homes, and is racing toward the main fire to eventually blacken 10,000 acres. Companies are pulled from Upper Stone Canyon to help county units fight the new blaze. In Benedict Canyon, one half mile east, another brush fire is deliberately set. As ground crews respond, an air tanker is directed in ahead of their arrival to delay the fire's progress. And in Brentwood, a third crisis, a mile and a half west of furiously burning ballet are a completely unexpected phenomenon takes place. Thousands of firebrands are literally dumped from the skies on this heretofore untouched section. In residential areas and hills above, the embers spread. From 60 to 70 fires suddenly blaze up, as if an aerial incendiary attack had been launched. Vitally needed equipment must be pulled from critical areas and diverted to this new front. At the same time, a fourth emergency hits. Clouds of sparks soar high over the new 600-foot San Diego Freeway complex to envelop ridges of West Sepulveda Canyon. As fire in the space of a few minutes leaps the largest man-made firebreak in the city. Controlling this host of new fires seems hopeless. Everything possible is being thrown into the path of a conflagration that will not stop. The county, civil defense and neighboring municipalities are taxing their own fire defense to the utmost in this fight against time and a 20-mile perimeter of sweeping flames. Men do not know whether fire stops or where it begins or how far it will go or how much longer. Or Raga, Kentor Canyon, Bundy, Taggartale. Too many streets, too many homes, too many fires for only 3,000 men to fight. And to these men, the whole thing seems unreal. This is the heat that will not cool. Water that will not quench, wind that will not stop. This is a fire that simply will not be whipped. And then in late afternoon, they get their first break. The Santa Ana diminishes. The racing fire slows to a run and those still left in the burn area get a look at the path that has traveled. But there is no time for contemplation. Fire is still burning heavily on the south and west flanks, still moving. In the early evening, the wind changes, grows stronger, swings the fire west, then northwest. In its path lies the long, deep richness of Mandeville Canyon, one of the most heavily populated, most exclusive, most hazardous canyons in the Santa Monica Range. As darkness moves in, apparatus is safely withdrawn from the burn, manned by tired crews and shuttled into the mouth of Mandeville. Firemen stand by their lines as they watch a sky full of smoke turn red from embers and reflected flames. Fire once again is on the rampage. Like devils running before the wind, flames begin their climb to the top to crest over the ridge, shoot skyward and start down into Mandeville on a direct run for the homes below. And the fight begins. It's a struggle to keep their positions between homes and the first waves of fire as flames boil overhead to sweep the West Canyon wall. Within minutes, the canyon is smothered in the maelstrom of smoke, cinders and fire. And below, as more equipment moves in, firefighters again take beatings in their stand between homes and fire. Daint blisters, hose lines char, firecoats are scorched and endurance tested, but the lines hold and the men hold. And the homes still stand after flames of black and the canyon walls. As the fire swings northward in a dying night wind, a great concentration of ground forces moves against its line of advance. And the city's most disastrous fire is finally beaten down to slow, smoldering containment. November 7th, the morning sun reveals the ruins of what yesterday were homes and trees and irreplaceable possessions.  Over 3,000 men, 240 fire vehicles and 16 aircraft tried to stop it. But only after a hard driving Santa Anna died down and gave them a chance. They broke the fires back in 12 hours, saved over 2,200 homes, a major college. Not one single life was lost. Not one critical burn case reported. Firemen had set a new record according to national fire experts. But still, people wonder, fire victims as well as those who merely read about the fire ask the same question. How can a brush fire get so far out of control within a well-protected city and do the things it does? Let's analyze this fire and see what did happen. Some phases are difficult to explain. Why is a framework of bare wood left unharmed and a furnace of heat that crumbles masonry around it? Why does a roaring fire suddenly stop in heavy brushes if cut by a knife? Why do flames spare one house and consume identical dwellings on all sides? A general pattern of fire behavior, however, can be explained. When a brush fire is traveling downhill at its most receptive to extinguishment, a wide clearance around a house gives firemen a break to make a stop provided water is available, provided winds do not start spotfires across the canyon, and combustible roofs do not ignite from falling embers. The fire preheats canyons to ignition temperatures. As flames move uphill, the reaction can be almost explosive. A parallel to this reaction is demonstrated with a branch from a specimen of hillside brush. Held upright with fire moving downward, the fire travels slowly, but reverse the situation. Place the fuel above the fire. On a hill fire, burning brands carry over the top to start spotfires on the opposite side. Where those spotfires merge with the original blaze, you will see fire that leaves only chimneys and brickwork, and no amount of wetting down can stop it. Now let's take another look at fire in action. Brush fires create their own wind. Turbulence and heat bring winds of tornado velocity. Erratic, twisting, treacherous, and unpredictable. Even seasoned news cameraman can be trapped. Where these fire drafts are further compounded by the Santa Ana results can be disastrous. On the morning of November 6th, Santa Ana winds were moving in a southwesternly direction from desert to coast. At the same time, numerous ridges of the Santa Monica's were channeling ground winds almost due south. So it was that winds were traveling in two directions at the time of the fire. When the fire reached Belair and consumed homes in such numbers that firestorms resulted, thermal heat lifted burning shingles and brands two to three thousand feet in the air. Caught in the upper-level wind currents, these burning brands were carried well over a mile across Sepulveda to rain down onto the Brentwood area. Scores of spot fires began spreading to present a new crisis. This action is demonstrated in these pictures taken by UCLA's Meteorological Department. Now the same picture increased to many times its original speed. Deep within the smoke, burning shingles carry a mile and a half to start new fires as shown by black smoke columns, which grow to join the main fire approaching from the east. This leapfrog phenomenon, coupled with powerful ground winds, created a unique fire problem. As one of the nation's foremost conflagration experts puts it... No one has ever faced this problem before. No definite line of defense could be found, and when a chain reaction of this type occurs, a fire department can do nothing more than pick out individual houses and try to save them. But even in such attempts to save individual homes, firemen are further thwarted by the loss of water. How can a modern water system properly designed to meet emergency fire conditions fail to function? Let's look at this simplified diagram of houses on a hill being supplied by a water tank above. When thousands of outlets are open below the hill, water pressure is lost in the overtaxed main. Regardless of the amount of water above the houses. Where the water supply comes from a distant location and supply pipes dead end on the hill, unnecessary use of too many outlets below the fire area simply drains the water out of the upper system. We have considered water, wind, and weather. Now there's the very real problem of how a house is constructed and where. Suppose we live in a house above the congestion of the neighborhood below or run a stilt house built over the brush or in the typical home with a combustible roof, wide low eaves to catch sparks and fire, and a big picture window to let the fire inside. Under any such conditions, there's not much of a chance. In 1959, experts from the National Fire Protection Association surveyed portions of Los Angeles. They found a mountain range within the city. Combustible roofed houses closely spaced in brush-covered canyons and ridges serviced by narrow roads. They called it a design for disaster. They predicted the ballet of fire plus others which are sure to come unless citizens and city officials work together on a definite plan of fire defense. The prediction was nothing new to firemen. They have their own ideas about people who don't like water pumping stations or fire stations in their neighborhood because they feel that they're unsightly. Or homeowners who refuse to cut brush away from homes because it mars the natural beauty of the hills. And those groups who maintain to the last glowing ember that combustible roofs are not hazardous in fire areas despite the fact that over 600 cities have outlawed them. Firefighters are thankful that such is not the thinking of the majority of citizens. But it does not take a majority to start a fire or to feed a conflagration that burns out the careful along with the careless. You are only as safe as your neighbor. When you live in a hazardous area, you're gambling that fire won't start from hot ashes. A cigarette. Children with matches. A faulty chimney. Auto accidents. A fire bug. Fallen wires. Or lightning. These are the odds. If you win, you get to keep what you already have. If you lose, fire, the winner takes all.