Welcome, welcome. David and I are here for the first Friday in April. I forgot how cool our introduction was I know we kind of stole it from your notables wiki tree So how's everybody doing everybody excited for bingo Friday we bring a different theme to you I know that we have a couple new people David that are in our chat. So I'm just gonna go over just very briefly the Basics of bingo. So first Friday of every month, we have bingo There'll be two bingo cards given for this particular hour and I've already posted it If you want to scroll back you can find it and I'll give it to you again in a few minutes but I want to thank you guys for joining us as we go through a different topic so each bingo we have a Different topic a different notable then we try to bring some history into it as well show off their profiles in wiki tree Some profiles have very high cc7 and some have zero and some are not even connected So our goal here is to show off what a profile can look like and then hopefully you guys will kind of look at it add a Biography to it try and get it connected to the tree try and get higher cc7 for example on it and that we do Focus first bingo card Almost always on one person and then the second bingo card is a little bit bigger topic And I will let everybody know too that I get this question a lot Do you guys need a topic and David and I have worked all the topics out for the rest of the year? And we've put them on the Friday night bingo page. It's kind of a code though. Isn't it David? Yeah, some you know even a little a Little sneaky with some of your terminology But but I would I would amend what you said that even though we do have our our topics work out We can always use more ideas for other projects that we work on So if you've got a topic that you'd like to see something done with Definitely, let us know and we can figure out where we can put it Doesn't necessarily have to be for bingo. No, but it could be pop-ups you you you do pop-ups all the time You do all pop-ups. That's what I said. I love doing the pop-ups, but I do run out of ideas at times. So Keep them coming. It it seems like everybody's busy. Um, so David Or you're at in Texas pretty warm Yeah, it's in the low 80s here. I think everybody's gonna be jealous because I was reading the chat And there are quite a few people that are dealing with snow still. Yeah, I'm hoping it's gonna stay We're we're right in the path of the eclipse up for Monday, but now they're saying we make it loud So we'll see but we're gonna be total darkness That's right. You will be won't you? Yeah, so that's gonna be cool You'll have to let us know how it went and share pictures. So I am putting I'm sorry That is Reese. He's in the background. I just put the first bingo card up for those of you that are new What you want to do is kind of get ready if you have a second device or a second screen or a different tab Go ahead and bring that bingo card up We're gonna talk about the topic though for this bingo and who we're gonna focus on for the first card Then we'll do the bingo game the first bingo card. So David, this is your topic this month topic and I will give everybody a little bit of Hence about this topic too if it's our American cousin but Lincoln is Lincoln American cousin are you guys a cousin to Lincoln and I will post his profile in just a minute, but date started this project in 22 2022 so tell us a little bit about it. This was actually the very first project. I started when I was I'm still fairly new on on wiki tree and It is our American cousin our American cousin was the play that Abraham Lincoln was watching on the evening that he was assassinated and What this project? Covers is the cast and crew and orchestra That was performing that night. So we have identified through various sources all of the actors that were participating that evening all of the crew members that were on the Ford's Ford's theater team and A good number of the orchestra. There is no master list of orchestra out there, but we've through various sources You know been able to pull pull the names of some so the goal of the project is to Just as Sandy was saying earlier to connect all of these individuals The big tree get their cc sevens up, but then beyond beyond that we really my hope is to Really make these profiles shine these are these individuals are The vast majority of them are not considered notable as far as wiki tree standards go they do not have Wikipedia pages, but they were Well, many of them were very popular in their time and they had You know a really A really amazing experience that they that they went through some of them It destroyed their lives, but it wasn't like some of them never recovered from from witnessing what they saw What a lot of people don't realize perhaps is as soon as the assassin assassination happened The theater was shut down and the actors were all basically held in custody as suspects and some of them were held up to a couple months so You know talk about a traumatic experience being Accused of participating in the assassination of the president With it and I will tell you guys I you know as I used to live in this area I was raised in this area. So some of the names that you hear I'm very familiar with because we drove by their farms their houses all the time We it just was second nature does but if you have lived in the Washington DC area been the Ford's theater Is it beautiful this beautiful old-time theaters with the velvet curtains in the boxes? It's just beautiful It's not a huge arena So when David starts talking about these people and also Lincoln being shot Think of yourself some one of those beautiful old-time theaters that are wooden they have the stage in front of you The the velvet curtains everybody's dressed for the event because this was after the civil war You know we're sitting there winding it down from civil war people are starting to come out I kind of equated a little bit to covet how we're starting to come out of covet and see They wanted to be dressed in their best The actors were back. They were acting the the orchestra was there They were having a good time because just think about it. The president was coming to and you wanted your best so I want to get everybody in that mindset And then David's going to take us on a trip. Yeah, and you do have to remember that this was 1865 it was a different world back then And going to the theater wasn't what it is today It was you know, they didn't have movies. They didn't have television. So going to the theater was Something that the masses did it wasn't like people going to Broadway now that you got to pay You know $300 for a ticket This was something that Both the upper and lower classes were able to participate in And the theaters as they worked back then They had what what they called A stock company So they had a team of actors and crew members that worked at the theater and put on different plays rather than Bringing in a new cast every time a play was was performed They had the same people performing over and over and sometimes they would at the last minute They'd say, you know tonight instead of doing play a we're going to do play b instead And they'd switch it up cast members would take different roles Sometimes the crew if somebody was sick one of the crew members would step in And play the role And then what they had were the big stars that would come in and today our focus is going to be on laura keen She was the headliner the night that lincoln was assassinated And i'm going to tell a little bit about her story And then we'll talk about what happened the night of the assassination itself But laura keen She was born in 1821. I believe i'm going to try that date, right? um No, i'm sorry 1826. She was originally born mary frances moss. She Was from a fairly well-to-do family. They had some pretty pretty significant connections But she was born in england And she married at age 18. She had two children Her husband was the deput of the duke of wellington So he was a man of some Some esteem he Was also though apparently had some criminal tendencies. We don't know exactly what he did But we do know that at some point he was arrested and he was shipped off to australia And that was the end of that marriage So she's now left with two children and no money But she has an aunt who was a fairly famous actress at the time and her aunt said come on over to my theater And i'll put you on stage and we'll make you a little cash Well, she was a hit You know people people loved loved her and she happened to Be seen by an american theater owner Who said come with me i'll take you to america and we'll make you a star And so she hopped on a ship and sailed to america She changed her name. I were to laura keen because back then it was um It was not seen as being appropriate to be a single An unmarried woman with children and performing on stage So she kind of had two separate lives. She was married francis moss the mother and Probably i'm gonna i'm gonna guess she claimed to be a widow rather than the wife of a of a convict but Her mother took care of the kids and then she went off as laura keen and and did her acting She went to the united states She became Again, she was a hit right from the very beginning She performed for about a year to rave reviews and then she decided that there wasn't enough Of a future in acting even as a star you only make as much money as your your manager is going to give you so uh, she went off and became her own manager And opened up her own theater in new york city. I'm sorry not in new york. She she was in new york city She moved to baltimore and opened up her theater in baltimore and she managed it she um Hired all the cast and crew She picked the scripts that were going to be played and very often she starred in the shows as well So she basically did everything and she became very Very successful as a theater manager She is considered to have been one of the most powerful theater owners of that era And definitely the most powerful female theater owners or worse of others, but she was She was definitely at the top there so, um She she wasn't though content with managing this the small theater so she Decided to do some traveling And she traveled to california performed in san francisco and a few cities on the west coast Then she went to australia where she performed Um came back to california performed some more went back to australia performed some more now I know that one of my One of my main reasons I haven't been to australia ever is because I hate flying and to be on a on a Spent a full day on a on an airplane is more than I think I can handle Um, I can't imagine in 1865 traveling back and forth between california and australia multiple times um I have no idea what you know, what that must have been like um We hear about the immigrants that come over and the the trials and tribulations they go through but she was doing it for pleasure um anyway, so um when in california the second time she met edwin booth that was the um the brother of john wilk's booth who we all know of what he became infamous for but um his brother was an even bigger After than he was his father was before them and um And then his brother and there were actually some other family members that were also Very big in the theater circus circuit um So she went to um that she went to australia with edwin booths a second time um, they had a falling out but that was her um Their connection her connection to the booth family initially was having toured with um john wilk's booth's brother There's a lot of interesting coincidences Um, maybe not so much coincidences, but you see how it how it's a very small world the theater circuit at that time that um many of the people that uh, we've run into in the story um New booths not just as a fellow actor, but even as a um As a personal friend and some of them actually grew up with the booth family There were some people that were on stage that night that actually were childhood friends of john wilk's booth so, um, this is kind of a strange um Connection group of connections we have so um anyway, so she went to australia. She came back from australia Went back to baltimore after the falling out with booth. She went to baltimore. She opened up her own theater She had a theater built at the time The average uh theatrical show ran for about um about 12 shows So where we have shows today that run for years sometimes On average when you when you produce a show back, then you could expect about About 12 performances the first show she put on um, I believe had i mean did my numbers correct here? um I believe it was 50 performances. I don't have the notes here But um the first show she was called the elves. I have no idea what it was about other than i'm guessing elves um And she ran that show for 50 shows She then ran um her next show ran um for six weeks And uh that show actually had a scene Where the hero was stranded on an island surrounded by an ocean And at one point he dives off the the island into the ocean So how they created an ocean on stage? I'm not sure but that must have been a fascinating thing to see is again Remembering that it's um 1865 not 2024 Um, and then her third show ran for um 253 performances So that just shows you how successful she was as a producer And um a theater manager to go from an average of 12 shows up to 253 of the same show Um, then she got um this idea. She was aware of a show that was performing in or had been produced in um in england called our american cousin And it was written by tom taylor who was a prolific theatrical writer and he um His show flopped it was a dramatic performance about an a man that comes from america um in order to collect inheritance from his wealthy British uncle and he comes to america and basically uh, the just is that um, he's some sort of a buffoon as the british thought of americans back then and um he um He ultimately Comes out comes out as kind of the hero of the show But the idea is this american buffoon can't speak proper english all of that Um trying to collect his inheritance. She sees the show Or hears of the show reads the show and she thinks it's actually funny So she comes she actually buys the rights to the show And turns it into a comedy And when she performs the show, it's a huge hit becomes the biggest hit of the era That's performing um at her theater in baltimore. She then takes it on the road and Ends up in um in washington dc In washington dc. They're going to do a handful of performances. The president is not originally intending to come She's not the star of the show. She's the biggest name in the show, but she's not the star They the owner of the theater she's at she's at ford's theater the owner of the theater is john ford He is um, he leaves town because it's not a big deal He leaves town he goes down to virginia, which is a big mistake on his part, which we'll talk about momentarily, but um, he's off in virginia and They really he leaves his brothers in charge. He has two brothers are both in their young 20s He leaves the two of them in charge of the theater well, they realize that um friday is good friday And they're not expecting a lot of people, but they have this idea What if we invite the president if the president comes to the theater? We'll we'll sell the house out so they send an invitation over to the white house The president doesn't want to go he Is exhausted the civil war ended five days earlier so he's just come out of You know a A major ordeal that he's been dealing with and his wife says let's go to the theater That's not at all something that he's um, he's looking forward to but he had reached he needs a night out So they invite the grants general grant and and mrs. Grant to go with them um, but mrs. Grant Does not like mrs. Lincoln so she um Makes up an excuse and they get out of going to the theater and instead At the lincoln's apparently actually contacted several people who turned them all down Which is just amazing that if the president of the united states asked you to the theater that you would say no But um, they had trouble finding somebody to go but they finally found a young um, a young soldier that was part of the white house team And he and his fiance went with them. So the four of them went to the theater and um Laura keen Well, let me see what Before we go on how how close are we to wanting to do the bingo card? I would say we should do it because I I already know the second bingo card as well If we want to give away too much, right? So let's do the let's do the bingo card before we move into the second the second part And then uh, when we talk about throwing the bingo, let me go ahead and give everybody the rules for bingo real quick so For bingo once you get the card up on your screen You're going to click on the word that we call out just like any kind of other bingo except We use words instead of numbers click on it. You need to get either diagonally vertically or horizontally To win the first person who typed bingo in the chat is the winner so Five of you might have won at bingo have bingo at the same time But whoever's quick drawl and can type the fastest That's who gets the prize the prize is a mug from wiki tree And you can only win once every six months and that's you or anybody in your family as well Let me just go ahead and that just kind of shows you the Horizontal vertically and diagonally to get there is a free space in the middle Feel free to click that now give that a test if you happen to click a box by accident You're like oops didn't mean do that just click on it again and that will take care of that Let's go ahead. Let me bring up the bingo the very first bingo card that we have here And just remember unit you guys know but for those of you who are new Feel free to yell at me put it in caps bingo bingo bingo because once um, I started kind of talking about bingo It's fun. We talked about the different Topics that we have coming up then let me bring this up And Let's get going I was going to say a couple people have posted here at least ann has posted and this was true that um She went to australia and looked for her as but that was um Early on not when she was touring but she had an earlier trip where she did go to australia to find him to get a divorce And it's not clear whether she didn't find him or she found him and he refused the divorce But she did not get the divorce. Um, they were married until he died Which was 1860 Okay, let's go ahead and start. Okay, so married todd lincoln That's going to be a ran lincoln's wife and as david kind of mentioned earlier that some people declined And you mentioned because specifically because of married todd lincoln. She was a challenging person. She was not easy She was extremely emotional. She would lash out at you as well. She would cut you to the bone She was not an easy person and to go And have a good time with her was just something that wasn't done. I'll just leave it like that and um I'm going to mention that she at at one point um Later in her life Was placed in an in an insane asylum by her son robert todd lincoln um Much of that was directly related i'm sure to having Witness her Her husband getting shot in the head right as they watch as they're watching the play But um, that's an important piece that'll come up. You'll see a pattern here um, and we talked about um general and mrs. Grant Uh declined the invitation. They said they were going out of town um So they did not they otherwise they would have been sitting in the booth as well And who knows what the future of the of the country would have would have um It would have definitely changed the american history. So boston corbett so um Just one second. I want to make sure I got this one correctly um Yeah, so boston corbett um, he was the he was the soldier that actually shot john wilk's booth. So john wilk's booth got um chased into a um a barn basically and um He was uh surrounded and boston corbett is the individual who Actually assassinated him now the thing that's interesting with boston corbett and again i with mary todd lincoln. I said um attention to the pattern he um After after this incident he got a job working as a Basically a security guard at the kentucky state legislature and at some point he uh went a little bit crazy and he wound up holding holding the entire legislature hostage and um Ended up in an insane asylum Um, look it. Yeah, he's got two to go. So Henry rathbone. He was this. He was the young man that attended the the um show with the lincoln's He struggled with booth. Um was slashed in the arm Before booth jumped up out of the box and onto the stage and ran out the back door um, henry rathborn and his wife or his fiance Eventually married But henry rathborn went crazy and tried to kill his wife And ended up in an insane asylum See a pattern. Are we are we seeing the pattern here? Kristen's two to go as well. So samuel arnold samuel arnold. Um, now he was one of the um conspirators And I have not researched the conspirators specifically um, so I don't have a lot of information on samuel arnold. No other than he was one of the um the individuals that was ultimately convicted of conspiring to Kill the president Well, we've got a couple people that are really really close I'm gonna pause real quick too and let everybody know because I'll forget if I don't say this For those of you that that are new or watching this It might not know when we are done with this the page is that we create The page I should say propingo that we create david turns into a pop-up So everybody that he's talking about we would love to have your help as we said writing of the biographies Flesh knows out or giving some more sources connecting adding adding family. There's a connectathon coming up Good opportunity take some of these Yeah, and as I mentioned before some of these people are um, they're not notable So you're not going to find their biographies well written anywhere else on the internet My goal is to get these their biographies all put into one place um, kind of be the premiere location on look at on wiki tree to um You know to learn about these people tom taylor. We mentioned as the author of our american cousin. He was a british playwright And looks like we have a little bit of a horse race going on john and ann have won to go But just because it could be a tricky one that they're waiting on So there's still hope for everybody to win it bingo. So john ford as we know John ford um ran the theater Um, he went to virginia on a trip um and was not present when the assassination happened I mentioned that um going to virginia was probably a mistake because um the war had just ended virginia was the capital of the um confederacy was in richmond and um To be visiting to own the theater where the assassination happened and just happened to be visiting the capital of the confederacy when it happened Uh didn't look too good for him and he was arrested and held for quite a while as a potential conspirator And i'll mention too now that in some of you maybe have already Watched this maybe david and we're talking about it beforehand There's a movie robert redford directed called the conspirator with robin right really really interesting to um See a little bit about that and i mentioned it is uh, it's also on um some free Streaming us out there, but i mentioned it because we might not get to her name So officer parker this one's a good one. So officer john parker was a police officer Washington dc police officer and he was put in charge of guarding lincoln's booth but once the play started he decided that um he wasn't needed till the end so he went across the street and got a beer and Booth was able to enter the um Enter the v booth I'm unobstructed because the police officer in charge was At the bar across the street having having a drink. So he was um He was having a good time and I imagine that You're never going to get over that.  Well, so darin can gradually oh darin got it So you are going to email a went and let her know that you won the bingo for the first Friday in april and she will get you all the information you need. That's really cool. So congratulations And it's really cool because I know that darin does a lot of connecting and and when we started this hour I snuck a little peek at a comment that he wrote that says I need a new project to work going. So here you go So congrats on that as well Okay, so let's talk about our american cousin a little bit as well If memory serves me right you read a book about this or was it an article? There is a book called um Backstage at the lincoln assassination and um They do tell the story of of the actors Uh, they and and many of the the crew as far as um What their role was in the um That that night doesn't go into as much about their life stories But it does talk about what happened behind the scenes that night It's it's a very important part of the story because again, most of these actors Were friends and acquaintances of john wilkes booth. So when you have a play going on Well, let me add another piece there too. This also took place in washington dc right on the border of of um maryland baltimore is not far away the states um Around washington dc that area They were right on the border of the confederacy and the union.  You're probably a confederate, but if you're in baltimore Nobody nobody knew necessarily which side you were supporting. We had people um, leaving both ways so when you have this play going on and It turns out that it's an actor Who is familiar with the rest of the cast and crew has been to the theater before He gets in past security, etc Immediately the suspicions start going. How did he get in? Who opened the door for him? you know what What role did each of these? Cast members crew members, etc. I have even the owners as I said john John ford was held for several months in custody while they investigated him It turns out in the end there was only one crew member that was arrested Um and convicted of of participating and he was that was um Edward Spangler he was um He was a crew member who was somewhat Developmentally delayed I guess might be the right wording for it. So the question Today is did he really? Did he really participate or not or was he just not? Mentally equipped to defend himself and they're looking for scapegoat So whether or not what he was accused of was holding booths horse and when booths Came out the back door jumped on his horse and took off Edward Spangler was holding the horse But whether or not he knew that there was going to be an assassination Is a is a huge question Your friend asked you to hold their horse for him. It doesn't mean you're necessarily participating in the act So and I just want to address a comment in the chat I was john who's now welsh john to me Um, is that where a star spangled banner came from? No, that was something completely different That was from frances scott key. He was in baltimore and um, he was very near as a matter of fact Where the bridge just went down in baltimore looking out over the water somebody else earlier in the chat wanted to know the prices so the price of admission for orchestra was one dollar it it you know at that time one dollar was Substantial money for a lot of people in the dress circle was 75 cents and the family circle 25 But if you wanted a private box, it was eight and ten dollars for the private box So and and so as you can see from that range of prices 25 cents up to ten dollars The theater was Something that everybody could enjoy um And think about that because right now You're how many of us are going to be able to be in the same place as a Leader of a country to watch a play and pay a small fee To be amongst the crowd where the leader of your particular country is I don't think many of us will get that opportunity now because of security and things like that Well and and fort's theater and a little interesting tidbit They didn't have a presidential box. I'm going to have you go back to that picture above in just a moment, but um They didn't have a presidential box and one of um John Ford's brothers ran home and got a rocking chair from his wife And put it in the booth and that's the chair that Lincoln sat in there was later a court battle because The government seized the chair And the family sued and said it's our chair. We want our chair back They gave um, it was actually the widow of of the of the brother that got the chair back And she later sold it by coincidence to henry ford Of um automotive fame, but he has no connection to the Ford family But the the chair that Lincoln was assassinated in is now in the henry ford museum um Just because he happened to have the money to purchase it um this What you're looking at here. This is our american chasm polka. This is my own personal connection to the assassination here um This is a piece of sheet music. I actually um own a copy of this piece of sheet music And the reason for that is because it was printed by my great great grandfather My great great grandfather was a lithographer And one of the things that he was most known for was printing up sheet music for pianos and orchestras And for all the theaters and this is the music that the orchestra played um the night of the um the night of the assassination now um Sheet music back then was a lot like um Would people collect records and an album covers? Sheet music was collectible when when the latest play came out when the latest song came out People ran out and bought the sheet music and they would have um You know a box at home or you know sometimes we put them in the in the bench of the chair but all of the the latest hits and um This is kind of the the soundtrack To the our american cousin now our american cousin was not a musical um But there was an introduction And that comes in as important as well because The orchestra was not present. This is why we don't know who the orchestra was they came in and they did a song And then they left and then they waited till the play was over and they were supposed to come back and play a second song Um, but for most of the time they were not present at the theater So that's why it's hard to get a list of names as to who was actually there and not From from the orchestra standpoint And I put in the chat a link to this page as well Highly encourage you guys to check it out when you have more time. Look at the pictures bring them up on your own screen We don't have a lot of time to go through each and every one of these people that are listed But david has them listed really nicely and also tells you if you see the sea that means they're connected to the big tree So we we have the management. We've talked about a lot of these people as as well as we've gone through the bingo this hour At the cast and david's also let us know What role they played in this particular play And the orchestra That we're going through Management cast crew and orchestra And and you'll see there there are some that are red that means we need a profile for them So there's something for everybody here to work on and after this bingo is done david will post a g to g Kind of mentioning this if you're in the connectors project We also post it there to give the connectors an opportunity to work on The connectors project is a really fun project people are always looking for something different Sometimes we want to get out of our own little way ancestor world and look at different things and if this type of event in our american history or in actors or orchestra or you know, just management of entertainment Interest you then take a look at this page and go through and I've also put the bingo card up the second bingo card so feel free To bring that card up too. So david we've got time to look at about two of them Which one so let's do henry hawk to begin with It's the third one william henry harry hawk and um henry hawk or harry hawk is I guess he went by um He's important because he was the only person on stage the moment the assassination happened and He was um, this was deliberate on the part of booth. He was um A comedic a comedic actor. He was fairly well known in the in the theatrical circles. Um But he read a line and I'm going to read you the line But this line was considered so hilarious at the time that booths deliberately scheduled this moment to um fire the gun because he knew the laughter of the crowd would be so loud that um, It wouldn't be as easily Noticed and the line is so he's um, so he is um Having a dispute with the um Grand old lady of the of the of the show the um elderly helen muzzi was her name and she played Let's see. Do I have her name here? Um, no, I don't have the character's name, but she played kind of a snooty old um of um Um, you know british woman and he was the um Uh kind of dorky american cousin and he said Don't know the man don't know the manners of good society Well, I guess I know enough to turn you inside out old gal.  Dologizing old man trap now I have not yet been able to find out what sucked. Dologizing means And at the time that was considered um an extremely hilarious word And just as planned the audience um began roaring in laughter the president broke into laughter and um and then the gun shot was fired and um All this area broke loose at that point But that was that was the line and um again, it was very deliberate on goose part that that's when he fired the weapon And then which other one would you like us to see? Let's take a look at Well, we can look at um How about um down towards the bottom you should have jenny gore lay and it's interesting you mentioned her because um I don't know is she Carol you'll have to let me know Carol mentioned Maggie Or Maggie's the sister Maggie's the sister so carol mentioned that so so Maggie um so Father and two sisters were all in this play together. So we had um Thomas Corley is the father. He was a well-known actor And um his two daughters jenny and Maggie were aspiring actresses um Maggie died young. She died probably two years later. I think she was about 22 when she died um, jenny went on to be um a fairly successful actress Kind of a socialite. I believe if I remember if I've got my story correct Um, but if you'll scroll down the reason I wanted to show this one um You'll notice Oh, I see jetcom That's what I was just going to say. We've got a jetcom here and um, these are the kinds of things working the notables project We get a lot of um very famous people whose biographies are um either jetcoms or worse than that um cut and paste from wikipedia um And more frequently than that just blank And so I really do encourage people if you've got any kind of writing ability or enjoy writing So not just focus on the cc7s and the connections. We've got lots of people to do that and that's wonderful But we have very few people that actually um Get in there and write write good bios now. You'll see on the on many of these We've got some really really amazing bios already written, but about half of these people um We either have nothing or we've got jetcoms or we've got And we call this jetcom junk. So if you're new to genealogy or new to wiki tree, we call this jetcom junk and There are programs that will help you do this agc Is a extension that can mount that will help you with this. I tend to use Ian's auto bio from the wbe the wiki tree browser extension There's an auto bio that I tend to use that just to kind of clean it up and it will clean it up as well So you've got a couple different ways because once you get rid of this what we call jetcom junk Then what's left is usually things that you can work with and Kind of clean up a little bit But as you go through some of this is confusing it doesn't make a lot of sense What what is this like all these numbers and the source? It's kind of messy Yeah, and if you look at this right here what you're showing look at all these sources And i'm not sure what they're sourcing since there's nothing written into the bio So without all this information, why don't we get some of that actually written into in the narrative? And there's there's you know, I'm up to 23 25 sources here. So the they're two of them that are 1900 There's a lot of duplications auto bio. Here we go. There's another one that saved 1900 Yeah, my favorite that really does nothing is just says hey, it's over there at that other place But it doesn't link to a profile anything like that. That's why I said use a agc look it up Under the extensions for wiki tree if you don't know what it is reach out to to us or anybody if you're in a project guarantee you They know what it is And also the wbe the wiki tree browser extension is what I use quite often the auto bio And then down below you see okay now we're getting into something that I can read and make sense But before that I had a lot of um check on junk. So you'll see the little dots and Up to 27 that was counted Inline sources that some of them are just duplicates and if you're like me I get great joy of going into a profile like this and cleaning it up and making it look pretty if you're not into Biographies and you don't feel comfortable doing biographies, but you're you're really organized in like to clean up things Maybe you've got a little ocd. Maybe, you know, you'd like to be a little Recondo type thing with the bios then feel free go in and clean it up and let somebody else work the bio But any work you do with these we appreciate it because we want to learn about these people We when you go to the profile, it's got beautiful pictures. David. So let's have a beautiful bio along with it The thing I I've enjoyed about this particular group of of notable. Well, I say notables is that they're not Technically notables. They don't meet the required other that there's about a half dozen Perhaps that do meet the requirements for wiki wiki trees notability. The rest of them are not you're not going to find their biographies written on um on wikipedia and you're um Not going to find much even if you google their name. You're not going to find a whole lot So to write these bios we have to do just like we do with our own family members. We've got to go to Vital records and census records and military records And their occupations where they lived and I always tell people if you don't have a lot for a biography Then you can always go back and say where did they live? Well, they lived in edinburgh So you can give some details about edinburgh around the time frame that they were born anything to just give the reader Something interesting and it's also accurate. Okay. We're running a little bit late. We've got the second bingo card though I hope everybody has it up as well And let me see if I can find it over here So our second card is going to focus on on the cast of the play um, so all of these individuals will be cast members and I'll try to give you a little bit of Trivia about each one as we go through them. Okay guys if you're ready I'm not going to show the rules again. Just remember our horizontally vertically diagonally and the first one that yells bingo I noticed a couple people had bingo last time so the first person that yells bingo Is the winner and feel free don't feel bad about yelling it at me and I love steven's comment four to go So that what does that mean? That means click that free space So william henry, which is talking about william henry. Oh he was the um The lead that was on stage at the moment that lincoln was assassinated. So that's His claim to fame thomas reybold he was the The house manager so ford left his two brothers in charge As as in places owner, but um, the house manager was thomas reybold So he was theoretically in charge of the auditorium at the time And l johnson i've included him because we do not know who l johnson was And I have a belief And when I say we I mean nobody knows um, if you read the historical records and stuff there is no, um Consensus as to who this individual was but I believe that the answer is out there as little information Is there going to have as l johnson in baltimore? I bet if somebody was willing to look through The census records for the l johnson's to see who might have been connected to a theater um, you know rule out who couldn't have been um I bet the answer is out there somewhere whether or not we'll ever find it. I don't know but I I'm optimistic and thank you to um you guys for helping each other out in the chat I appreciate that so george parker. So george parkhurst. Um parkhurst Was um a young actor. He was 24 years old and he is the only one that really had a career Um a career that took off afterwards most of them Once they were associated with the assassination their their careers were over but he had a long theatrical career after Afterwards big bamboo. We've got a bingo. Well, that was fast Yeah, we got a bingo. So congratulations carol. That's kind of cool too that you have bingo because you were talking so much about Maybe being related to some of these that are in here. So i'm gonna Give you the same information you're gonna reach out to a1 And let her know that you won bingo on the first friday of april She'll get in touch with you with all the information just so everybody knows this year all year long for bingo the prize is a mug There's many choices too. We added so many bits. Oh not bingo Oh no not bingo I'm gonna wait and see if carol tells me not bingo one more time Okay Did ever okay everybody ready if you everybody keep the cards. I hope yeah if you want We'll try and recreate the card as well There we go. Thank you carol So I know that we have um So we had parkhurst L johnson thomas rable Henry harry hawk I think that was it right? Yep. That should be it. Okay, and then william j fergusson is the next one William j fergusson um william j fergusson was the um Was also very successful. Um, he was um According to all the records now, this is what I love about doing genealogy With historical figures According to all the records. He was 19 years old um I believe he was 15 Um, what I say the records according to all the written published documentation Everybody says he was a 19 year old kid But going through the census records and and other documents that I've been able to find I think he was closer to 15 um I've done this. I've been able to do this with a couple different historical events where I've actually found documentation that contradicted what you found in museums and encyclopedias, etc and um I think that's kind of a thrilling experience to realize you know more than what um what the experts do but um He actually lived long enough to appear in silent films. So he had a long career as well joseph sesford He was the ticket agent. He was the one selling tickets in the in the front of the theater at the time Sorry guys. I have a little bit of um puppy jealousy issue going on. Um john h johnny evans He was um he and his wife were both in the in the show. He was only um Let's see how we'll go see he was well. He was 30, but he died um in december of that year He did not live long after After the event he'd gone to um I want to say he went oh he went to um pennsylvania and worked in the mines and um again only lived a a few years or a few months after the assassination um now portland has He was a friend of booths And he was sick that night He was supposed to be in the play but he was sick But they were going to have a special song that they were going to sing for the president afterwards a quartet And he was for that quartet. So he decided he could do the quartet, but he wasn't going to do the play Um and actually ferguson, I believe was the one that filled in for him ferguson wasn't supposed to be in the play um Well that led to suspicions if you're sick, why did you happen to show up? The night that booth was assassinated the president. So he got all kinds of um suspicion centering around him And we have a bingo so um As you all know, I like to call john my little brother and irish john, but for uh this month He is welsh john Because he has a lot of welsh ancestors. So congratulations john and john you're going to do the same things Excuse me. Just a second. I've got two Little jealous puppies. Okay. Um, you're going to email a went and let her know that you won The second bingo on the april bingo. So congratulations Again, it's a mug a lot of good choices out there if you're on the thawne team There's a lot of good thawne team mugs I could tell you that i'm a little bit jealous of david's because david has a spirit animal on your thawne team Which is kind of cool. Yeah, I don't know that mug here, but Hey carol, that's all right. It made it made, uh bingo kind of fun. So I want also Get a global mug. I know I love that one. Um I want to also mention that for those of you that are watching after the fact Thanks for coming and watching this even though, you know that the game has already been played And next month I want to let you know We're not I i'm not going to promise anything because david and I are working really hard on this so next month Is a big surprise that we're working on There was special guest and if we can uh get these special guests in our bingo For next month It will be the bingo of all bingos. I think david don't you I mean we would Get them. Yeah, yeah, we would have pulled off something I haven't said no let's put it that way It so you definitely do not want to miss it and then real quick I do want to mention so and thank you for being here. This is an's first time here In and goes what's a blank team? So a thon team and what i'm talking about is the connectathon if you go to uh gtg There's at the top it says do you know? Um the connectathon and what team do you want to be Beyond and it's going to be The second weekend in april So it's it's going to start next friday As actually and sign ups you must sign up before midnight wednesday And you pick a team so she's on Team new so there you go and and if you want to be on a big team sandi's team got first place last year our last um And they want to be on a tiny team my team got first place for the tiny teams And I will say that that that way it makes it so everybody can participate So for the larger team um at blacha one for the middle team Germany genie's one and then for the smaller team The the globetrotters david's team one so there is opportunity to play also don't forget the hangouts david and I will Of course be on the midnight madness. That's the only hangouts that i'm doing is the midnight ones I don't know david if you're doing more I think i have one other but mostly the the midnight shows And I will let you know do not miss the midnight Madness ones because we have a blast We have questions that we need answers to and we need help from you guys So it's a lot of fun. I love that you guys are telling us to what teams you're you're going to be on because that's important That you call out your team so everybody knows what you're doing and again Let me make one quick point about this list of cast members too because it's come up several of these cast members were um from england ireland and scotland So if you got interested in those countries, um There's a connection, you know, it's a good point because the play is called our american cousin, but this is Full of glow but it's a british play They pull the rubber up and do not miss Next bingo because if we pull it off you guys will have a blast you guys And even if we don't it'll still be fun. It will but if we pull it off We expect you guys to ask questions too. So it'll be interesting to see Um, it's going to be there because as you know david and i keep it a mystery go to the friday night bingo page for more information We have the entire year planned out And you can guess and see what we're going to do. I think that's it for us david I'm i'm old vacation and i'm actually coming back home just for the thon so I will uh, it you just got back from earth. So we will see everybody at the hangouts All right Bye guys


It's 10 p.m. The last flights land and taxi in for the night However, the workday is in full swing for the night crew team who perform rigorous maintenance until sunrise. I Love working night crew because it's like the maintenance side of the house So you learn a lot more as far as about the aircraft in general of little maintenance actions that we partake in Also, you just learn it's a good atmosphere the personnel that I work with are awesome My marines are awesome. So I love it. The pilots walk away trusting the maintenance will perform critical steps before tomorrow's flights One of these tasks is referred to as turning the jet Turning the jet is pretty much you being able to go up into the aircraft and turn on both engines You've been doing both engines online. So we will go into the jet We'll actually check the limits So you want to make sure everything's in limitations for the aircraft when you're starting up the jet And it's a safe environment for all the personnel around It's also a job that requires several moving parts the low power turn quality and the plane captain will communicate The low power turn quality would actually tell the plane captain. Hey, I'm about to move flight services Or I'm about to bring this jet engine up to 80 percent. We communicate with hand and arm signals.  So if someone is getting in a danger area It's our job as power line and as a PC to ensure that safety and stopping Reporting from Royal Australian Air Force Base, Tindall, Australia. I'm Corporal Anthony Reyes


Welcome to the 33rd lecture on the subject of digital signal processing and its applications. We had begun a discussion on realization in the last few lectures and in the previous lecture we had also begun the specific theme of design of lattice structures. We have also motivated the reason for the lattice structure design. The lattice structure is important because it is of course a uniformly repeated structure but more importantly it gives some insights into the stability or otherwise of a system when the parameters are calculated. And while the direct form or the cascade forms also have their own modularity, the lattice structure has some interesting properties that we shall now slowly develop. The lattice structure takes a while to understand. It is a little difficult to understand for the beginner. So it is worth reviewing a few ideas before we go further even though that might be some amount of repetition. So let us look at a few ideas that we have discussed in the previous lecture once again briefly that we put our discussion in perspective. We had said that we would take a typical stage of the following form in the lattice structure. We said we would take the nth stage and what I am drawing here is the signal flow graph just for the nth stage. And the overall fr lattice appeared like this. There was essentially an input point we will call it E0 and E0 till day if you like. You have the first stage and then you have the nth. For the first stage output you would have E1 till day and E1. At the nth stage output you would have En till day and En itself. And this can of course continue. This is the nth stage, this is how the nth stage looks. And this is all n stages together. What we need to do in the previous lecture was to obtain a recursive relation between the system function from E0 or E0 till day equivalently to En and En till day. And the recursion was on the system function itself. That means we expressed the system function at the n plus 1 stage in terms of the system function at the nth stage. That was what we did last time. And the motivation for doing that is to see certain properties that evolve in all these system functions. What we have seen in the previous lecture was that if we took the nth stage system function Amz defined by Emz divided by E0z and En till day z defined by En till day z divided by E0z. Then the recursion on the system function is as follows. Am plus 1 z is Amz Z inverse Km plus 1 Am till day z. And Am plus 1 till day z is Z inverse Km plus, I am sorry Z inverse Amz. Let us write that down. Let us rewrite this. Km plus 1 till day z is Z inverse Am till day z plus Km plus 1 Amz. So is that if we take the basis step here, Amz is A0z which is 1 of course plus Z inverse Km plus 1 A0 till day z and A1 till day z is Z inverse A0 till day z plus, yeah so of course M plus 1 is equal to 1 here. So K1 A0z and of course A0z is equal to A0 till day z obviously which is equal to 1 and therefore we have A1z is simply 1 plus K1z inverse. We have seen most of this the last time. And A1 till day z is Z inverse plus K1 and therefore we observe that A1 till day z is Z inverse A1z inverse which is easily verified because Z inverse A1z inverse is essentially Z inverse 1 plus K1z which is indeed K1 plus Z inverse which is A1 till day z. So we have verified that essentially there is a reversal of the order of coefficients. The coefficients in order of powers of Z inverse are 1 and K1 in A1z and in A1 till day they are K1 and 1. So essentially we are saying that the order of the coefficients in terms of powers of the inverse reverses when you go from A n to A n till day and we want to prove this by mathematical induction. Now we have of course gone through the details of that mathematical induction in the previous lecture. I shall not go through all of it again but we will just look at a few points to put our discussion in perspective because this is a very important topic and perhaps requires multiple attempts to comprehend completely. So what we saw then was that the inductive step could be carried out as follows. Note in that An plus 1z is Anz plus Kn plus 1 Z inverse A n till day z and An plus 1 till day z is Z inverse An till day z plus Kn plus 1 Anz and making the inductive assumption. An till day z is Z raised to the power minus n An Z inverse. Now what is this inductive assumption? This inductive assumption essentially is saying that you can obtain the coefficients of An till day by writing the coefficients of An in reverse order in terms of powers of the inverse. This is a mathematical way of saying this. Towards the end of the previous lecture we also explained why this is a mathematical way of saying that essentially you are reversing the order of the coefficients when you go from An to An till day. So making this inductive assumption and then using the two recursive steps we can then prove, we can prove An plus 1 till day z is Z to the power minus n plus 1 An plus 1 Z inverse which means that by inductive proof the coefficients of Z inverse are in reverse or in opposite orders or reverse orders between An and An till day. We have proved this. The reason why we have proved this is because if you learn An you should be able to write down An till day by a very clear algorithm and here we have a very clear algorithm. Once you know An, An till day is known. Now what we want to do next is to realize an FIR function. So suppose we have given an arbitrary FIR function H z H FIR z. We shall assume without loss of generality that z to the power of 0 has a coefficient of 1. I will explain why it is without loss of generality. You see suppose for example you have the following system function which violates this requirement. So suppose H FIR z is of the form z to the power minus 3 plus A1 z to the power minus 4 plus A2 z to the power minus 5 plus A3 z to the power minus 6. I can always extract z to the power minus 3 common from here and write 1 plus A1 z inverse plus A2 z to the power minus 2 plus A3 z to the power minus 3 is to be then taken. Take this. This is essentially 3 delays in cascade z to the power minus 3. So please you have 3 stages of that lattice where all the k's are 0. You see you can always write this. The first 3 steps has z inverse with 0 k's. You do not need to put the k's at all. Always put a cascade of 3 delays. In fact I do not even need to leave any blanks in between. So this realizes z to the power minus 3. So you can realize a few delays separately and the rest of it is then realized using the lattice structure. In any case the lattice structure is meant for giving insults into the part of the system function which we cannot obviously see. What we can obviously see that will require to be used in the lattice structure. It is the rest of it. The 1 plus 1 of this part is what we are interested in after all. We are trying to see what properties this part has. 1 plus a1 z inverse plus a2z to the power minus 2 plus a3. It is this part which is of interest. So at that part can be realized with the lattice structure. What is anyway trivial can be put separately. Now the next step what is called a synthetic or synthesis recursion. You see what we did so far was an analysis recursion. Analysis means you are moving forward from a0 to a1 to a2 to a3. That is analysis. So you will understand how to build a certain an. But now we want to build the other way. You see you have given the kns and you want to build an an. That is analysis. You have given the final an when you want to build a kn that is synthesis. So you want to construct a lattice structure that realizes a certain system function that is synthesis. Which means you are at the end now. So let us see. Now it is very clear that every time you add one lattice stage you are increasing the degree of an and an tilde by 1. In fact that is very easy to see. Let us go back to the expression. You see if you look at it in the recursive step it is very clear that a1 and a1 tilde of course have a degree 1. What happens to a suppose we assume that an and an tilde have a degree n. I do not need to write down this proof and just going over it orally. So you see let us assume by the inductive step the inductive assumption that an and an tilde have a degree n. Now this has a degree n. This has a degree n multiplying by the inverse makes a degree n plus 1. So you have this sum would be of degree n plus 1. So by inductive assumption by inductive step this has a degree n plus 1. Similarly this has a degree n. So this would have a degree n plus 1 and degree n plus 1 plus degree n would give you a degree n plus 1. And therefore both an plus 1 and an plus 1 tilde are going to be of degree n plus 1 that is quite clear. What is also clear is that the leading coefficient that means the coefficient of z to the power of 0 in the coefficient of z to the power of 0 in an is 1. Now we can see that again from the basis step. In the basis step a1 has a coefficient of 1 for z to the power 0. Let us assume the inductive step that an has for its leading coefficient that means the coefficient of z to the power of 0 equal to 1. Now of course you will notice that this term does not contribute any z to the power of 0 at all because there is a z inverse multiplying it. So all the terms have at least a power of 1 and z inverse and therefore the contribution to the z to the power 0 term comes only from this. So therefore the z to the power 0 term is carried as it is from an to an plus 1. And therefore the z to the power of 0 term is 1 always in all the an's. Now as a consequence it is very interesting to see that if you look at the coefficient of z to the power of n minus sorry z to the power minus n plus 1 the highest power of z or z inverse rather. So if you look at the highest power of z inverse in an plus 1 what would it be? You see it is very simple. In an plus 1 till day the leading term is k n plus 1 because this has no contribution to the constant term. The constant term comes only from here and the constant term is 1 in an z and therefore it is going to be k n plus 1 in an plus 1 till day z. So in an plus 1 till day z the constant term is k n plus 1. Now if the constant term is k n plus 1 in an plus 1 till day z then the highest power of z inverse will carry the coefficient k n plus 1 here because the coefficients are in reverse order.  So the constant term in an plus 1 till day is the term carrying z to the power minus n plus 1 or the highest power of z inverse in an plus 1. Now what is the constant term in an plus 1 till day? This has no contribution to the constant term.  Is that clear to everybody? Let us write down. This is a very important observation that we have made. So we have just proved z to the power of 0 carries a coefficient of 1 in am z for all z for all n z to the power minus n carries coefficient in am z at the end of the synthesis. That means suppose you indeed have ensured that the leading coefficient that is the power the z to the power of 0 carries the coefficient 1 then the coefficient associated with the highest power of z inverse is automatically the last lattice coefficient. So at least one part of the job is done for you. Now there is one thing that we have to keep in mind here. You see when we go backwards what we will need to do is to express a n and a n till day in terms of a n plus 1 and a n plus 1 till day. So we would need k n plus 1 to be known. So far you know actually k n plus 1 is a part of the synthesis. Now let us be clear. See all this while we have assumed that we knew the k n's and knowing the k n's we are calculating the a n's. Now we are going the other way. We know the last of the a n's. We know the final system function. We want to obtain the k n's which realize that system function. So we have to begin with the last one not the first. Right? So let us do that. Let us begin with the last. So in the synthesis recursion we begin with the last stage. Yes. The last a n will give us the system function. So the question is would the last a n give us the system function? Yes indeed. And the last a n till day. So the question is what happens to last a n till day. The last a n till day is an auxiliary function that we are going to obtain for some other purpose. So what we are going to do is we are going to use the a n explicitly and we are going to use a n till day implicitly in a recursion for some other reason. So it is an auxiliary quantity which we are getting for some other work. Right? We begin with the last stage. So we assume that h f i r z is equal to a n z and n is of course equal to the degree of h f i r. That is obvious. Now incidentally again that is issue about loss of generality. See in this again we have perhaps you know not so justifiably assume the coefficient of this to be 1. But even if it is not you know suppose the coefficient is a 0 here. You can always extract the a 0 here and divide everything by a 0. That is not really a problem. So even if this coefficient is not 1 you can always extract it common. So it is indeed without loss of generality that we can take h f i r to have the coefficient of z to the power 0 equal to 1 and in that case the degree of the 2 the degree n is equal to the degree of this f i r system function. And therefore k n is simply the coefficient of z raised to the power minus n in a n z which we know very well. Now this is essentially what we call the basis step in the synthesis because we have to begin with something. So here we have a basis the synthesis begins knowing the k n and now we have to obtain k n minus 1 k n minus 2 write down to k 1. So we need to go one step backward. So we need a backward recursion.


Hi everyone, Joe for jasmiescasebreaks.com coming at you with 2019 Panini Contenders Optic Football 1 box Random team break number five given away a $1,800 Super Bowl mixer spot For those of you watching live There's only one more pack left to try to get the last giveaway spot in that Super Bowl mixer So go and get it on the website All right, so we'll do the break itself first and we'll take the original 16 names Rerandomize them with a new dice roll name on top gets the spot, but first the break So let's make you sweat it out a little bit. Let's double your names up All 32 teams are in if I have a list of teams. All right, so for the break itself Let's roll it. Let's randomize it six and a one seven times for names and teams one Six and a one seventh and final time But Andrew down to Andrew six and a one seven times for the teams one two and Seventh and final time after seven we got Saints down to the Cardinals There's the first half of the list right here and here's the Second half of the list right there All right, so no trade windows in these let's just print and rib We want to get to that giveaway randomizer as quickly as possible. Oh, yeah Carson Wentz I think I guess there's more steam in the rumors that Carson Wentz will actually be be traded But that got that golf trade I think made everything crazy I think the Eagles are also asking for a staffer package So yeah, like like some of us commented on the day of the golf staffer deal That deal just made every other quarterback deal super expensive If golf is getting like two first or whatever they got and a second and a third and a quarterback and all of life That's what Stafford is worth Now everyone else is thinking. Oh, well then to Sean Watson should be this Sam Darnold should be that Carson Wentz should be this Crazy there's Aaron Jones There is Darius Leonard and Marlon Mack X's and O's 34 out of 50 behind Tyree Kill is Bobby Wagner That's to 199 that'll be for the Seahawks. That's gonna go to Andrew couple autographs. We have Byron Murphy a cardinal 25 out of 50 That goes to Andrew. I think yeah, there's the final print out right here. All right and on this side We've got double R Riley Ridley That's gonna go to Adam cupperman and bears Tyree kill this is this a Potential MVP candidate possibly chiefs. That'll be for Sean Matt. We'll see All right now the moment we've been waiting for who's gonna get this $1,800 mixer spot Let's go to the original 16 names again Let's roll it and randomize it four and a one five times name on top after five you're in the mixer tomorrow one two three four and Once more fifth and final time It's gonna be yep. Andrew Hennessey had the odds. There you go Andrew. Congrats to you. You are in The Super Bowl mixer apologies to everybody else. Thanks for trying though One more filler pack to do if you want to go for it again. I'm Joe for jaskies case breaks calm Thanks for watching. We'll see you next time for the next one. Congrats, Andrew


Hey everybody this is Brett and today I'm going to show you how to get your receiver hitch cover off of your Wagon-Ear and Grand Wagon-Ear The new body styles. It's pretty easy, but if you don't know exactly what you're doing it might be difficult So like most of these jeeps come with two disconnects down here There's actually three on the Wagon-Ear and Grand Wagon-Ear, so you're gonna look right up here So there's one Right there just undo that one Undo that one Undo that So now that it's loose you're going to just kind of pull down on it Bring it back and it comes off just like that When you want to put it back on put those tabs in kind of secure it up and then turn those tabs Clockwise and you're all set to go Thanks for checking out the video. Hope it was helpful. Give us a like subscribe and share


Throughout October 1998, travelers on the London Underground might have paused for a moment to register a rather striking poster hung in various stations. A photograph of Sumch's period interior, a library in a stately home perhaps, with a freeze-frame tableau of servants listening at the door, as an assembly of finely dressed men focused their attentions on a central figure, who peers out of the frame. Some may have registered the identity of the figure, the celebrated British artist Yinka Shinobare, a recognition facilitated perhaps by the poster text, which advertised an exhibition featuring a new series of work at INEVA, the Institute of International Visual Arts in East London. For many, though, the poster will have become a blur on the wall. Just another advert for a new TV show or film, perhaps? A period drama, no doubt. Hi, my name is Lizzie Robles. Welcome to the final film in a series of six, organised by the Paul Mellon Centre as part of their programme of public lecture courses. All have been made in collaboration with filmmaker John Law. In the first four films, Mark Hallant and Meredith Gamer brought to life Hogarth's modern moral subjects through analysis of a selection of his most notable and complex pictorial sequences. In the final two films of the series, I look to the ways in which two distinguished contemporary British artists, Lupena Hamid and Yinka Shinobare, have responded to Hogarth's legacy and key works from their own practices. Produced in 1998, Dire Victorian Dandy is made up of a series of five photographs of a day of luxury and leisure in the life of the titular Dandy, played convincingly by the artist himself. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the serial format of the sequence, which is marked by the days passing hours and the presence of the Dandy, have yielded comparisons to the pictorial sequences of William Hogarth that have formed the focus of the films in this series. O'Rake's Progress has featured prominently both in its critical reception and in Shinobare's own reflections around the work. The significance of this invocation has been examined many times over as a co-opting of Hogarth's penchant for social criticism, or else as an allusion to the racial politics of his practice. While these approaches offer us rich and interesting insights, they have overlooked a central component of the work, the pairing of Hogarth with the Victorian period. Put simply, Hogarth was not Victorian. Indeed, his lifetime only just overlaps with the most expansive definitions of what historians have called the long 19th century. Historical accuracy in the realities of time and place fall to the wayside here, making way for both Hogarth and Shinobare's Dandy. This pairing of artist and era produces a striking interrogation of nostalgia and the implications of looking back for an artist perched on the cusp of new labour's cool Britannia in the aftermath of the political and cultural reclamation of the Victorian era that occurred in the preceding decade. During this period, the image of the mouth-bungled hypocrites derided by Lytton Strachey in the deeply critical Eminent Victorians, published nearly two decades after Queen Victoria's death, was cast aside for something altogether different. Rather, ensconced in dire Victorian dandy we find the bootstrap pulling of Margaret Thatcher's Victorian values, the polished wooden floors and broken-in club chairs of the Laura Ashley look, and Jane Austen's Mr Darcy, as played by Colin Firth. On its surface, the series does not seem to bear any immediate signs of contemporary interventions and history. The suits, waistcoats and night dresses are convincingly ruffled and tailored, and the women's dresses are rich confections of bustles and lace. The hairstyles, furniture and decor all seem, satisfyingly, historical. This carefully constructed period sheen has facilitated several critical interpretations of the sequence as an allusion to historical figures such as Ignatius Sancho and Elauda Aquiano, colonial era black British anti-abolitionists who gained access to elite circles through education and activism. According to this reading, Chonobare's presence as a black man in an overwhelmingly white world represents the visual reinstatement of black faces in stories, interracially exclusive national narratives. For other critics, these stories are not confined to a relatively small group of notable individuals who are able to overcome the far-reaching implications of historical structural racism and include the wider narratives of slavery and colonialism that underpinned an economically supported Victorian society. Though these approaches can provide interesting insights into the work, they seem to sideline the complexities that underpin Chonobare's exclamation that it is not about expressing something that once existed but people did not know about. It is Ignatius Chonobare in that picture, not an obscure historical character. Unlike, for example, British writer David Dabidine's A Harlet's Progress, an ovalized version of Hogarth's other moralizing sequence of the same name, published in 1999, so only a year after Diary Victorian Dandy, and is told from the point of view of Mungo, a young black slave boy. Diary Victorian Dandy is neither an alternative representation of history nor a representation of an alternative history. Rather than Martin Eakin, writer and theorist Franz Fanon's reflections around his own post-colonial relationship to the past seems to echo through the photographs, I am not a prisoner of history, he wrote with black skin and white masks. I must not look for the meaning of my destiny in that direction. I must constantly remind myself that the real leap consists of introducing invention into life. I am endlessly creating myself. Chonobare plays in the spaces where past and present overlap and intersect. The slippages produced when we look back to write and rewrite histories, creating and recreating Yinka Chonobare as the Victorian Dandy. The Victorian period, as constructed in the contemporary imagination, is rife with these slippages, these precarious in-between spaces. For the scholar Jennifer Green Lewis, the Victorians are in and out of history, always already dead, yet still alive. They are in history, not only by virtue of being dead and gone, but also because of their important position within historical narratives of national development. During the 1980s, this position in history was solidified by a political and cultural reassessment and rehabilitation of the Victorian period. In a 1983 interview with London's Evening Standard, Margaret Thatcher invoked the notion of Victorian values, a term that first surfaced earlier that year when she was interviewed by Brian Walden for ITV's Weekend World. Remembering her own upbringing at the hands of her Victorian grandmother, Mrs. Thatcher seemed to outline a model of self-reliance, patriotism and enterprise born from the desire to turn back the clock from the permissive social and political climate of the 60s and 70s to the simpler and happier times of empire and industry. We were taught to work jolly hard, she said. We were taught to prove yourself. We were taught self-reliance. We were taught to live within our income. You were taught that cleanliness was next to godliness. You were taught self-respect.  You were taught tremendous pride in your country. All of these things are Victorian values. This vision of Victorian was almost immediately seized upon by historians, critics and other politicians, including a young Neil Kinnock than the Shadow Minister of Education who countered it with a Dickensian specter of a place where few got rich and most got hell. As a specious political construct, it remained a touchstone of British politics throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. In popular culture, it manifested itself in the growth of the heritage industry and the vogue for period decor and heritage colors that comprise the Laura Ashley look and the rise of film and television costume dramas. The rise of neo-Victorianism during this period led Shinabari to reflect on his own relationship to it. Living in England with my colonial relationship to this country, one cannot escape all these Victorian things because they're everywhere in architecture, culture, attitude. In the 80s, Margaret Thatcher started talking about bringing back Victorian values, the time when everything was so proper-proper. And I started to think, what do these Victorian ideas mean? Why do we need to bring them back? What was so good about it all? What was so good about it all indeed? As Shinabari seems to hint at, the rehabilitation of all things Victorian was complicated not only by the harsh realities of that period sharp class divides, institutionalized racism and sexism and the global implications of the colonial project but also by the turbulent social and political climate of the 1980s a decade marred by urban race riots, public service strikes and mass unemployment. Scratching the surface of the heritage veneer, the viewer is encouraged to ask not only why do we need to bring them back and what was so good about it all but also more basically what exactly is being revived. By re-presenting the aesthetics of 1980s neo-Victorianism Shinabari's series highlights the Victorian's place out of history the ways in which they have been divorced from the historical specificity and open up to constant reassessment and reinvention. Indeed, the description of Victorian values provided by Mrs. Thatcher as a part of her weekend world interview was the closest she ever came to fleshing out what exactly the term means or how it might be mobilized within a national political context. She further destabilized its historical specificity when two weeks after weekend world in a speech to the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce she claimed that they are quote not simply Victorian values they do not go out of date they're not tied to any particular place or century and if we just write them off and wave them goodbye destroying the best of our heritage. What began as a lament for a lost golden age quickly became an assertion of continuity between the past and present. Similarly, the rise of the heritage film encompassed heavily stylized filmic versions of everything from pride and prejudice to a room with a view spilling over even the most generous boundaries of the long 19th century. Perhaps it is best summarized when in the closing pages of an effusive text Laura Ashley's biographer isolates the essence of the designer's aesthetic thusly In their homes she rescued a corner of the past that had belonged to ordinary people and restored it to the descendants of those same people with enhanced value. In the early 1980s the implications of this political and cultural neo-Victorianism were made visual several times perhaps most famously in Hans Haakka's unfinished portrait of Mrs Thatcher taking stock. Here Haakka asserts he places her into the world that she represents providing an indictment not only of Victorian values but also of the closed networks of power, art and money that they foster. But looking back to the 1980s from the first years of New Labour's cool Britannia diary Victorian dandy shifts the focus from the representation of neo-Victorianism to the processes that write and rewrite history. It is this preoccupation with the cycles and processes of history making it would seem that inscribes Shenabari's invocation of Hogarth and precludes it from being simply a by-product of the ahistorical pick and mix of the post-modern appetite for retro. He highlights the ways in which, like the Victorians Hogarth has been placed simultaneously in and out of history by the looking back of subsequent generations. Whilst in poorly Hogarth predated the Victorian period his legacy is tied to the looking back of the artists and critics who came after him. Indeed it was Ruskin who, in the introduction to Ernest Chesnow's The English School of Painting wrote that it is from Hogarth that English painting may be truly said to date. But the Victorians Hogarth provided an idealized and archetypal British artist producing an equally idealized and archetypal British art. For those who followed him he presented a chimerical ideal prompting the caution of one reviewer from the times who in 1863 wrote that Hogarth's are not common and the attempt to wield Hogarthian weapons will often are proof of snare than a success. Of course some elements of Hogarth's practice set uncomfortably with the aesthetic and moral precepts of his descendants. For example his interest in depicting vice and low modes of popular culture and his unique synthesis of high and low art forms. Rather than diminish Hogarth's status though these low elements came to represent space for improvement over the evolution of a national school. Though Hogarth himself was not a Victorian by chronologically reframing one of his most iconic sets of images Shunabari draws attention to the ways in which his legacy is. The pairing of artists in era here highlights the ways in which they have become entwined. Joined together by Victorian artists and critics looking back to reshape Hogarth as a progenitor of a unified national narrative of artistic production. Looking back at both Hogarth's Victorian legacy and contemporary neo-Victorianism Shunabari concocts a dramatic amalgam of the moralizing sequence of the former and the much loved period dramas of the latter. He strips Hogarth's series of its narrative and by proxy its moral arc. Where the canonical artist carefully set the scene for Tom Raquel's moral and physical decline creating detailed images rife with iconographical references to the narrative and to his inner moral character Shunabari plays with costume dramas emphasis on mise-en-scene sometimes at the expense of narrative logic or character dialogue. Well see highlights the passing of time which is conspicuously recorded in the title of each photograph. The images and the activities therein do not form a cohesive drama. Though the bedroom scene might be perceived as the first image its relationship to the others is almost entirely undefined. Does it depict the night after the day before or vice versa? Tellingly perhaps it is one of only two images that appear to draw directly from the subject matter of Hogarth's series. The other seems to be the Leveille which similarly documents a moment of money to leisure. However the moralizing cause, effect and change signaled by Hogarth through iconography are absent. There are no telling beauty spots here. Rather by representing Hogarth out of history Shunabari collapses historical specificity making room for a period composite in which to return to Fanon's earlier assertion Shunabari's dandy can endlessly create himself. This shift from drama to display is mirrored in Shunabari's substitution of the Victorian dandy for the Hogarthian rake. Whilst there is some overlap between the two figures they are not necessarily synonymous and carry subtle implied differences. The rake is generally defined by his lust for women, and gambling, overtly transgressing societal moors. He is a moralizing trope, a figure that must either repent and be redeemed or meet an untimely end as a result of his own moral bankruptcy. In contrast the dandy's identity is staked in an ability to assume and move between fixed identities through social performance. Historically he was very often a wealthy member of the middle classes who appropriated the dress of the elite through love of beauty and art and was defined by the 19th century French poet and writer Charles Baudelaire as one who elevates aesthetics into a living religion. However the dandy's performance hinges upon the codes and laws of society that serve as backdrop to his pose. He must always be in and out of society as Shunabari writes. He must trespass. He must walk on forbidden territory. He must disobey. That disobedience must never be degenerate. Here Shunabari creates an amalgam of the dandy and the rake by drawing on the basic elements of both figures to play with their transgressive capabilities. Like his representation of Victoriana though the authenticity of his dandy is secondary to its received accuracy. Unlike Hogarth's rake well who is painted literally putting on the clothes of the rake the Victorian dandy's transformation is not depicted. The viewer is introduced to him in situ and he remains an unfaltering and quintessential dandy throughout the series. He is a dandy because that is what he appears to be. Operating within Shunabari's heritage space modeled on the precepts of period dramas that constructed a neo-Victorian aesthetic to suit the interests and expectations of contemporary viewers. The dandy emphasizes the artist's interest in depicting the line in between spaces and he goes in and out of history as a figure whose identity rests on his ability to endlessly reinvent himself in and out of society. In much the same way that Shunabari destabilizes the temporal movement of his dandy he also destabilizes his physical movement by re-engaging Hogarth's topographies. After the levée Tom Raquel consistently appears outside of a domestic setting. In a Covent Garden brothel riding in a sedan in a church a Soho gambling den Fleet Street prison and finally Bedlam the capital is embedded deeply within Raquel's narrative. Shunabari's dandy, however, is confined to anonymous interior settings though it is unclear whether the sequence follows the dandy from room to room within the same opulent house or whether these are different rooms in different buildings. Here Shunabari invokes the visual language of the heritage film which is Simon Joyce writes is a televisual genre that obsesses to distraction about finding authentic locations and elides the evidence of modern life through careful cinematography. To achieve this authenticity Shunabari divorces his space for the multicultural metropolis that grew on the foundations laid by Hogarth's London and moves it into the meticulously restored confines of a heritage property. Whilst the uncritical depictions of luxuriant access in heritage films have come under fire for creating and reifying a narrow story of Britishness rooted in a spectacle of one class and one identity through a fetishization of the splendor's a period detail the Victorian dandy's relationship to both authenticity and the luxury that it celebrates is acutely subversive. In Shunabari's words access is the only legitimate means of subversion I wish to produce the fantastic I strive to reach ecstasy I crave joissances He envelops himself in the trappings of money, power and privilege in a gesture that mirrors the aestheticism of the Victorian dandy and resists either direct critique or complete complicity Rather he examines the ways in which, as he says to reflect upon history is also inextricably to reflect upon power. In this way Shunabari inscribes himself into a tradition of looking back, rooted in nostalgia operating in the gaps between representations of history and historical authenticity. He plays with the purported political and cultural desire to overcome this schism expressed as much in Ruskin's canonization of Hogarth as in Mrs. Thatcher's Victorian values whilst highlighting the ways in which it is woven through contemporary interventions into history. He does not attempt to return to or uncover a past veiled by the traumas and erasure of colonialism or to expose the hidden spaces and stories of the Victorian era There is no evidence here for a search for roots or lost origin Rather he shifts focus from the representation of history to the representation of the processes that write and rewrite history. From a vantage point at the cusp of new labour's rebranded cool Britannia which despite its emphasis on everything new and modern of course nostalgically summoned the specter of rule Britannia Shunabari looks back to both Hogarth's Victorian legacy and the Victorian's Thatcherite legacy highlighting the slippages between past and present that lurk underneath the surface of a unified and monophonic national history. He brings to life the literary critic Edward Said's observation that appeals to the past are among the commonest of strategies and interpretations of the present. What animates such appeals is not only disagreement about what happened in the past and what the past was but uncertainty about whether the past really is past over and concluded or whether it continues albeit in different forms perhaps.


Hello everyone. In this session, we will compute the book value per share. To compute the book value per share, you need to understand the statements of stockholders' equity, because the book value per share is derived from the statements of stockholders' equity. Now on the exam, you could be giving that statement and you'll be asked to compute the book value per share, or you could be giving information that from that information, you can prepare the statements of stockholders' equity in order to compute the book value per share. So in this example, I am not giving you a complete statement. I'm giving you pieces of information, which will help you put statements of equity together, because the book value is what? The book value is how much the stock is worth based on the equity, based on the book value of the company, because how much a company is worth? If you remember the accounting equation assets equal to liabilities plus equity. So what is the equity of the company? If we rearrange the formula, equity equal to assets minus liabilities. So that's what equity is. How much is the company worth based on the books, based on the accounting record? So in this session, we will compute the book value per share. Simply put, the stock price of the company, but it's not the market stock price. It's the accounting stock price. So the accounting stock price is based on the company's equity. So let's go ahead and get started. Before we proceed any further, I have a public announcement about my company, farhatlectures.com. Farhat accounting lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation, as well as your accounting courses. My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course, such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles. My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses, broken down by chapter and topics. My resources consist of lectures, multiple choice questions, true false questions, as well as exercises. Go ahead, start your free trial today. No obligation, no credit card required. In order to compute the book value per share for this company, what are we giving? Well, we are giving 8% cumulative preferred stock power value of $100. We have 6,000 shares outstanding. What does that mean? It means we have 6,000 shares of preferred stock. Those shares have a power value of $100. They pay 8% their cumulative. It means they pay $8 per share and we have 6,000 shares. So these shares pay $48,000 per year for the preferred shareholders. And notice the preferred is cumulative. It means if we don't pay the shareholders the money every year, we owe them this money for the future, although this money is not a liability. The 48,000 is not a liability. Nevertheless, we still owe them 48,000 per year. So we have 600,000 of preferred stock. We have common stock, $1 power value. We have 1 million authorized share of which 850 is issued an outstanding. We have 850,000 for common stock. Now, usually the stockholders equity, it will have additional paid in capital, which we assume we don't have. And definitely it will have retained earnings, which we don't have directly. What we are giving in this example, we are giving net income for 20 06, 07, 06 and 07, 05, 06 and 07. So let's start by seeing what we need to do here. So Adam never paid any dividend because they don't have, you know, they did not make the profit. So they're not interested in paying dividend yet. So we need to compute the book value. The first thing we're going to do is we need to compute retained earnings. What is retained earnings? Well, the company incurred a loss in 20x5, incurred a loss in 20x6 together. That's a deficit of $300,000 between 05 and 06. In 07, the company made a profit of 900,000, which increased retained earnings. As a result, we have retained earnings of 600,000. Now we find out what retained earnings is because we need it. Retained earnings is part of the equity section, which is part of the book value computation. Now, for a dividend, we said it's $8, $48,000 per year, and we have to deduct three years. You might be saying why. When you compute the book value per share, if you have a preferred dividend, what you have to do is this.  And whatever is left from equity is for the common shareholders. So why are we deducting three years, although the company did not pay any dividend? Well, the assumption here is this, not the assumption. Since this is a cumulative preferred, cumulative means we owe them the money. So if we want to compute what is the value per share for the common stockholders, before you know what's your value, you have to give the preferred shareholders $144,000. So let's compute now the final retained earnings. Well, we said the retained earnings is $600,000. However, we have to deduct from retained earnings $144,000. This is dividend and dividend in a year. We have two years of dividend in a year plus one year of a current dividend of three years. Therefore, we have to deduct $144,000, which is 48,000 times trade. So the retained earnings that belong to the common shareholders is $456,000. Now we are ready to see how much of equity belongs to the preferred, how much belongs to the common. And from the common, we can compute the book value per share. So the preferred shareholders, they have $600,000 worth of preferred stock. It's right here. They have $144,000 of dividend for the preferred, which is we computed here, total for the preferred is $744,000. The common shareholders, what belongs to them is the common stock, $850,000. And the remaining retained earnings, which is $456,000. In total, the common shareholder gets $1,306,000. All what we have to do now is take this number, the equity that belongs to the shareholder and divided by the number of shares issued and outstanding, which is $850,000 shares. Therefore, the book value per share is $54,000. Now, we could also compute, if you would like, to the book value for the preferred stock, $744,000 divided by $6,000 shares. And this will be the book value for the preferred stock, if you are interested. Now let's assume the same scenario, except we're going to be adding another complication to this. We're going to assume that the preferred had a cold price of $106,000. What does that mean? It means when we compute the value that goes to the preferred, here we're saying it's $100 per value. What we have to pay is $106,000. We have to pay them 106%. So how do we do this? Well, remember, the preferred gets $144,000 from two years in a year in the current year dividend. Now, what we have to do when we compute retained earnings of $600,000, of the $600,000, we have to deduct the dividend. Then we have to deduct an additional $36,000. Where is this $36,000 coming from? It's $600,000 times $1.06. So the preferred shareholders, they will get $636,000. So there's an additional $36,000 in case we liquidate. We have to pay them, we have to pay the preferred shareholders, not $100 per share. We have, there's a cold price of $106,000. When we buy it from them, we have to pay $106,000. Therefore, what's left to the common is $420,000 of retained earnings belong to the common. Let's compute now the book value. The preferred now are $636,000, the dividend in a year $144,000, the total preferred $780,000. Now again, we can take $780,000 divided by $6,000 shares to find the book value per share. The common, they have $850,000 of common. And now only $420,000 of retained earnings. Why did the retained earnings went down? Well, because we have to pay a premium to buy back the preferred shareholders. Therefore, $850,000 plus $420,000. The common is $1,270,000. Now, if we take this amount divided by the number of shares outstanding, $850,000, we know that the book value per share is $1.49, which is lower than the prior computation. And I hope this makes sense. Why is it lower than the prior computation? Because this scenario says, when you pay the preferred shareholders, you have to pay them a $6 premium per share. You have to pay them $106,000. And where do you pay this money from? Well, it comes out of retained earnings. So it's going to reduce retained earnings. Retained earnings was reduced by $36,000. The preferred stock were increased by $36,000. Therefore, the book value of the preferred stock will go up. The book value of the common stock, we saw it went from $1.54,000, I believe, let me go back, $1.54,000 to $1.49,000. And this is how you compute the book value per share. Now, you might have different scenarios, of course, other than these scenarios. You could have different scenarios. Make sure you are comfortable with the basic. And what you should do now, go to Farhat lectures, look at additional resources, MCQs, true, false, additional practice that's going to help you understand this topic. Invest in yourself, invest in your career. Computing the book value per share is an important topic on the CPA exam. Good luck, study hard. And of course, stay safe.


Nagushka, I picked up two big bowls of blackberries, two days ago. Nice, Nagushka. This season is the most amazing blackberry season ever, and I've been picking blackberries forever. All right, here's the kicker, right? Pay attention to nature. Pay attention to nature. There is a saying in my part of world where, or a belief system in my part of world, where it says, if the spring and summer and fall are abundant, lots of food being produced, it means it's going to be an extremely hard winter, right? Because nature knows. So nature provides a lot of food, right? For life to be able to survive the coming winter, okay? And this was the most amazing blackberry season I've ever seen. That tells me that it might be an extremely hard winter, extremely hard winter. We see, we see, we see. This is the grape concentrate full on, right?