Well digital rights management or DRM sucks. I remember several situations where I've been struggling with DRM I went flying on a plane and my music wouldn't play or I wanted to burn music onto a CD and it wouldn't work and I couldn't use it and I needed tools to circumvent that and to hear or listen to things that were protected and limited. Where does DRM come from and where does it go? Well Molly is probably going to give us some answers on that she's the campaign manager of the Free Software Foundation and she's giving us an overview on DRM and also a glimpse how DRM is going to be implemented and working in the future and what we can do to circumvent it or to try to get rid of DRM. Please give a really warm round of applause to Molly. Hi, I'm Molly. I just want you all to know that I'm terrified right now, but I'm glad I'm in a room with my friends and I'm saying this because even though it's very unprofessional I'm pretty sure after this moment you won't be able to tell I'm terrified and I want you to know that it's okay. Okay, so another quick note about me. I'm not a lawyer. I know very little about the law actually, but I kind of sort of know how to read policy and I kind of sort of know how to talk to people about policy and I'm really good at reading Wikipedia. I also know that user freedom is important. User freedom is the idea that we have devices and software and technology in our lives and that we have rights and freedoms with response to that, right? However, user freedom requires free software. It requires software freedom. I'm going to be talking a little bit more about that sort of relationship later, but I want you to go into this talk knowing that I believe I know that software and technology needs to meet certain requirements in order for you to have the rights related to it that you need and deserve. So now what's this thing called DRM? Some people say digital rights management. I say digital restrictions management because it's not about rights. The term digital rights management carries this idea that somewhere maybe even you have something that you get out of it, out of DRM, but you don't, right? The only thing it does is it restricts you and your interactions. So how is DRM implemented, right? As a technology itself, one of the ways we see it most commonly is that you have this piece frequently media sometimes other software that's sort of wrapped up in this encryption. This is a very technical explanation, as you can tell.  So some of the ways that we see DRM in action is limited use, either times or number of times. So time might be, I am really lucky. I live in a place where the library system lets me borrow ebooks. However, they're only valid for so long because of the DRM on them. So unfortunately, I don't borrow ebooks, but it's a great idea. Or number of times. Something that happens in video games especially is you're allowed to install them some number of times, three or four maybe, and then after that you lose the right to keep using it. Persistent online authentication, this is something else we've seen in video games to great consternation of the public at various points, where you can only use it, you can only play if you also have a connection to the internet. I say that this is very classist because there are plenty of places where people just don't have internet connections and especially with net neutrality issues coming up, which we're not going to talk about anymore, but we can talk about later. Product keys. You know when you get your copy of Windows, hopefully you don't have a copy of Windows, but if you did happen to get one, at some point there would be a product key on it that you had to put in. Here's my favorite example of product keys. There was this game I loved as a child called the Incredible Machine and how it worked is you had to get something from one side to the other and you were given all these little widgets to put it together. The thing was the game required you to basically put in a product key. It had a number of selections that came in a book. So I had a demo version of this game, but I really really liked it and the demo version gave you one product key. So I used to have to stop the game and then start it again until it found the one I knew and that was sad when I was five. There's a digression here. One of my co-workers asked me about video games and how you're forced to follow a certain narrative and you're punished and he asked me if this is DRM because frequently when I talk about it, especially in response to my work, I take this fairly general definition of the technology. We can talk about that later and feel free to ask me questions. Cool. So why would somebody think DRM is a good idea? Or more specifically, why do we think it is not a good idea? Rights. This is a conversation about their rights. In this case, their, them, they is these like creators or rights holders, rights in this case, like specifically referring to who owns this intangible thing, maybe kind of owns it. And then you on this other side is like you personally here. So their rights is this idea that the people who either created or purchased it from the creator, purchased like the concept of this thing that they've made, that they deserve your they deserve your obedience in how you interact with it. And then on the other hand, we're saying that you have these rights and that you should be the one to set your own terms. So what do we lose with DRM, right? So as the people using it, we're losing something. One of the things we lose is accessibility, right? When you have a piece of DRM to media or material, because you can't access it, because you can't change it, you can't modify it, you can't use it on your terms, you can't share it, you can't share your modifications, like one of the things we really lose is accessibility. In this particular case, accessibility refers to the ability to change something in order to make it more usable for people who have different interactive needs, right? So one example would be changing something so it works better with a screen reader. Websites are a very good example. I don't know if you've ever looked at the HTML in a given webpage, but it's usually quite messy, at least the ones I write. But it also refers to maybe changing the font being used. I've heard that for dyslexics, sans serif fonts are better. But if a webpage is presented in a serif font, they would have more trouble reading it. Color for colorblindness is another issue. Art, right? We make amazing art. People make amazing art. I don't even want to go as far as to say that the end of the year remixes that come out, where somebody took all the top 40 songs over the course of the year and then puts them together for one song. I don't even want to call that remix, really. That is art that takes skill and talent and thought and creativity, right? And that's something that you just can't do when you don't have access to that media. There's convenience, of course, as the Herald, whose name I forgot, I'm really sorry, mentioned he's been in situations where he just doesn't have access to things that he wants to have access to. There's education. In the United States, at least you're allowed to use any piece of copyrighted material, not a lawyer, in an educational context. When something is DRM, though, you no longer have the ability to bring it into any context, especially if you're trying to work in a place with limited technological services or limited Internet service. So two quick examples I have of this is I used to work at MIT OpenCourseWare and one of the things we would do is we would package courses onto hard drives and send them off to people. One example was a juvenile prison in Idaho where they just weren't allowed access to the Internet. And another one was medical training workshops in West Africa. Those are places where people lack privileges and access that we have here. A free speech. I hope a lot of you get this one, so I won't go into it too much. Repairing and not replacing. We're going to talk about that a lot more later when we talk about one of my favorite things, which is tractors. And sharing experience and human connection. I don't know how many of you this is true for, but for me, I love books and I love reading. And I find myself reading a book that touches me in some way or that I think is important or valuable. And I want to share it with someone because I want them to understand me better or I want them to have this new idea that has really affected my outlook on the world. I can't do that. I can't share my experience. And we're losing this opportunity for connection because I cannot give them something since some company somewhere else thinks I don't have a right to it. Translations. This is kind of related to accessibility. If, for example, you have someone who only speaks, you know, anyone given language like me, I only speak English, I need to have things translated for me, but when you have these restrictions, that can't be done. So DRM causes lots of problems. Does it solve any problems though? Because, you know, people still really insist that it does. It turns out it doesn't solve any of them. One of the things people talk about when they talk about DRM is they talk about pirating. They talk about people taking things. They talk about loss of profits. It turns out that there's been very little, if any, repercussions for not having DRM media. Okay. Now we're going to talk about anti-circumvention laws, which is probably a little bit more exciting. Here's another quick note about me. I'm not a legal expert, but I'm really good at reading Wikipedia. Thank you. So this is some stuff I learned. In 1996, the World Intellectual Property Organization created this copyright treaty. The World Intellectual Property Organization is a conglomeration of nations, it's 191, they're not all nations, or maybe they are. It's UN members and then some additional territories and other contested areas who all got together and agreed that DRM was really important and they needed to make policies across the world to protect the sanctity of it. So in the United States we had the DMCA, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act in 1998. This is a lot of stuff. Normally I like to read slides in case anybody has trouble seeing them, but I'm not going to do that right now because there's a lot. I just want to highlight that the DMCA actually does give you permission to circumvent these restrictive technologies. You may circumvent a technological measure that effectively controls access to a particular portion of the program to achieve interoperability of an independently created computer program. That's really easy to understand. So what does interoperability mean? That was my next question. So they have a clear definition later on in that same little bit of the title 17 code, which was very useful. The ability of computer programs to exchange information and mutually use that information. This is actually a pretty narrow definition, but people are still scared of interacting with it. Sharing software for the purpose of violating or encouraging others to violate copyrights has been held illegal. So at this point in thinking and talking about the implications anti-circumvention laws have, we're beginning to understand that intent matters. So when you create a piece of technology to get around anti-circumvention laws, you're taking on a certain level of responsibility that it will only be used for research or for interoperability as opposed to people doing whatever they want with it, like illegal services, i.e., breaking DRM. One of the little anecdotes here that the U.S. has is, in theory, this is slightly less restrictive than the EU policy. One of the things that has happened in terms of chilling effects with this is a lot of people who would otherwise want to be circumventing this DRM decide not to because the risks are too high and the damages can be too punitive. In 2001, the EU got on board with the copyright directive. I heard a laugh. Thanks. This ensures adequate legal protection against people doing a bunch of things for the purpose of circumvention. So it's in a slightly different way highlighting what's illegal here. But you're kind of allowed to do it sometimes in the same way you kind of with the DMCA, where if people are using it for non-evil, evil, non-illegal purposes, that's fine. Okay. Now I want to talk about two case studies, tractors and web standards. Really quick, I think this is super cool and I think this is important to talk about. This was a radio made available in Germany in 1933. It had a limited number of stations that made it work or that it worked on. And this limited number of stations was actually because the dial would only click to certain frequencies. So it was really easy, actually, to take apart and to change that. But it was illegal to do so. I thought this was ridiculous and it made me angry. And then I saw this on Kickstarter, where somebody did the same thing but made it even more ridiculous by putting another artificial restriction so you could only listen to one radio station. I propose that we think of this as device restrictions management, where we're creating these artificial barriers. You are free to make up your own background for DRM. I did. So what I want you to understand from that is that DRM impacts the physical world. This is Kureg. It's this coffee maker that uses these little pots of pre-ground coffee. They did a thing for a while there where they added DRM to it so that the machine would not work, the software on the machine would not work, unless you were using a Kureg designed and sold little pod, I think they call them. Great. So now we're going to talk about tractors. Why tractors? I love vegetables. So I have a very deep personal investment in farmers being successful and providing me lots of vegetables. Also, tractors are really cool. They're like really cool. Look at that thing. And we're going to talk about John Deere specifically. The John Deere flicker group has more than 14,000 members. So not only are tractors a big deal, John Deere has this following. At least in the US, it's the standard. So John Deere also requires buyers to accept this end user license agreement that disallows repair activities. So how does it disallow repair activities? Now that we have these computers, these scary computers and everything that have all this technology on them that are locked down in different ways, you need to have special devices to translate what the computer inside knows to something that you know. In cases of farmers specifically, you'll see things like you have to hire a repair person who might be expensive to come out and talk about it. Right. So if you want to get your own device, it turns out it's not that expensive, but you're avoiding your warranty when you're interacting with it. So this EULA in this particular case makes it so that you just can't repair your own tractor. This is made possible by anti-circumvention laws. So we have anti-circumvention laws that were created to protect DRM, but they're actually infringing on other user freedoms, especially in response to technologies, physical technologies. John Deere has also in this protected itself from things like crop loss or your lost profits, because when there's a problem with the tractor, that's their fault and that you can't fix because of them. Something else that sort of fits into this is this idea of precision agriculture, which was designed around the concept of big data, and that when you're driving a tractor around, you're actually creating and generating and storing lots of data. There's a group called FarmHack. This is a little shoutout to them. I think they're super cool. They're all about creating, designing, and sharing different kinds of farm equipment to get around these sorts of DRM issues. There's also web standards. Web standards are designed by the World Wide Web Consortium. They're voted on by member organizations. Becoming a member organization costs a lot of money in most cases. Those are the things that we're using to define how people are supposed to design web pages and supposed to share information with users of the web. DRM became a web standard. What this means for us as the people here is that now DRM is a normalized technology. This happened pretty recently. Once something is a normalized technology, it's easier for people moving forward to justify creating even more restrictive technologies. It has all the same downsides that we see in DRM and other places, even though it's on the web. You might think, well, the web means I can only interact with it when it's online, or well, the web is accessible and people can copy text and do all these changes. You can't, in a lot of cases, when media especially is being locked down. Why does this matter? DRM on the web matters because it requires giving up computing freedom. You're being forced to install somebody else's software on your own computer in order to do these things that you should be able to do otherwise. Where do we find DRM? Where are the places that we can see it? If you want a humorous list, check out a Cory Doctorow talk. He gave a great one at Libra Planet in 2017. He gave another one at the previous hope. Here's an incomplete list of some depressing places we might find DRM, or software locked down by anti-circumvention laws, including such wonderful things as autonomous drones and medical implants and my hotel room door. DRM can be a life or death issue. I don't know if you read that whole list. If you did, I'm very impressed. Because one of the things affected is medical implants, right? On the audience left, that's Karen Sandler, that's Leslie Hawthorne. They're both wonderful people. This was taken at Fosden by Deb Bryant. Thanks, Deb Bryant. Karen Sandler is a free software and user freedom activist who has a defibrillator. She has a medical implant in her heart.  And when he was vice president of the United States, the Wi-Fi in it was turned off. The Wi-Fi in Karen Sandler's heart, I think it's turned, you should listen to her talk about it. She can get into that more in depth. But the important part of her story in this case is when she was in her late 30s, she was pregnant. And one of the things that happens when you're pregnant is you get heart palpitations. And when you have a device that's designed to shock old men, old Caucasian, old white men in their 50s and 60s when they have heart palpitations, then suddenly you have this woman in her 30s who's getting shocked when she has heart palpitations. This is uncomfortable. It also uses the battery up more quickly, which means you have to get your battery replaced. And then suddenly the lifespan of 10 years becomes the lifespan of much shorter. And then you find yourself needing to have heart surgery again. Heart surgery is invasive, however you cut it. We also see it in vehicles. Vehicles are very scary, dangerous things.  When you don't have control of your vehicle, like, there's a great little video anecdote I saw on the internet of somebody driving his car and then somebody else just hacking into it and turning off his brakes, which sounds pretty scary to me. You also see it in CCTV. When you have cops, for example, recording things, or CCTV is closed circuit television. So you'll also see it in stores where you're generating video footage that can be used in a court of law against someone. If that video footage is locked down under DRM, then people can restrict your access to it to only be on their terms. And suddenly you have a legal team after you've been arrested that can't help defend you because it can't see what is being levied against you. There's also data in general. I don't know a lot about the data laws. They're very complex. But who owns your data? Who owns data about you? And who owns the information generated from that data is a very complicated question. And when you're talking about it, suddenly you realize that maybe you're not even able to access it.  So what can you do? You can do things. You can make things, right? So you guys can make devices. You can make media. You can make companies, right? You can be a book publisher and you can share and give and sell DRM free ebooks. And that's amazing. You can be an artist who makes DRM free music. You can make an organization or a nonprofit. You can make things together. You can make communities that are dedicated to working around DRM. You can make policy. And tell everyone the most important thing you can do with any issue, any cause you care about, is tell every single person you know. Someone once gave me great advice saying that there's no wrong place to talk about free software. And it turns out there isn't. I talk about it with my doctors. I talk about it with my taxi drivers. I talk about it with a woman who cuts my hair. I talk about it with my parents. I talked about it at pre-Christmas dinner at a friend's house around the kitchen table, which was so great. And that's how you get people to care. You find these compelling stories and you tell them. You find your story or you find someone like Karen Sandler who has a great story. Or you find somebody who has accessibility issues. Or you find somebody else in your life who needs to have DRM free media, who needs these anti-circumvention laws to not exist. You can also organize. There are so many actions we can take as individuals or as groups. We can talk to people on individuals. We can talk to politicians. We can talk to other types of policy makers. We can talk to nonprofits. We can talk to companies who we're buying things from. We can talk to people who are using DRM. And you can do this by yourself, but it's so much more powerful and effective when we take these actions together in groups. Thank you. I'd like to make some quick acknowledgments. Here are some people who I would like to thank in various ways. I'm going to highlight the Congress organizing team for inviting me here and all of you for coming to this particular talk. Wow, I can suddenly see you. There are a lot of you. I'd like to thank the Free Software Foundation for giving me so much. And the members and supporters of the FSF were an organization that's predominantly funded by small donations and membership fees. And because those things happen, I get to spend all of my time thinking about issues related to user freedom, related to DRM and related to anti-circumvention laws. And I think that's really great. And that helps me come to places like this to talk to all of you about it. And hopefully you'll go forth and talk to more people. I'd also like to thank everyone out there who works hard to fight DRM and support user freedom every day. I'm going to assume that as my friends, all of you are doing this. And so thank you so much. This is just a quote I like. And there's my email address and my status net and my Twitter. Thank you very much. If you have questions. I'll make a quick request that if there's anyone here who has never asked a question before or somebody who identifies as a woman or non-binary individual, you go up to the mic if you have a question and put yourself in the front. You can totally cut the line. All right. So we started with microphone number three, please. Hello. Thank you for this talk. So you said during your presentation that DRM solves no problems and that there are basically no real repercussions for not using DRM. And of course I agree. I just want to hear more because I'm interested in this subject. So we have a question about why there are no repercussions for using DRM from the perspective of the person who's implementing it. There are some studies on that. One of the things looked at frequently is financial loss, whether or not selling a piece of media with or without DRM matters to the actual profits being made. This is a very practical argument. I like to focus on arguments that are generally based around rights, which I didn't really bring up earlier. If you'd like to later, I can look up some things and send them to you that talk more in depth about this sort of stuff. I know most people are compelled by stories and not numbers. I'm personally compelled by numbers. Thanks. Microphone number two, please. Hi. I do music research into popular music and I've purchased audio files which are DRM'd in the past and got victim by not being able to use using them later on. But then again, I'm in contact with many musicians who've basically lost their source of life because the old model of playing concerts and selling CDs doesn't work anymore. And also no one is willing to play for music, except for on-streaming services. So I thought the protecting model, for example, the WMA audio was actually a fair idea. And I was surprised that it disappeared out of nothing, I think, about half a year ago. So what would be your argument for those who are actually doing creative work and expect some sort of material or money arriving at their end if you don't have this option anymore? Sure. So the question is about whether we, like, what kind of arguments can we make to artists who have lost other money-making opportunities, specifically musicians in this case? I'm not an artist. I know a little bit from having talked to some of them. I think more people pay for music than we give them credit for. You would know more about this than I would because you're the expert here and I'm not. I have mostly anecdata around the issue. I, like I said, I generally focus on really rights-driven issues. I focus on the importance of interacting with a society that respects not just the people listening to music but the people creating the music that respects the music being created. I'm in a band and I'm very lucky that with my band we not only really stare at free media, we also do it under a free license. And we do that because we believe that it's very important. We actually think we make just about as much money as we would otherwise. But that's a unique case. That's not much of an answer and I'm sorry. Okay. Microphone number one, please. So I understand that as a user or consumer or maybe even as a hacker, there's benefits for me of not having DRM on media or on MP. And if I understand you correctly, you don't think that for the so-called rights holders, there's any benefit in DRM either. If there's no benefit, why are they doing it? Control. Capitalism agreed. Pick your choice. So there's a benefit. I think there's a perceived benefit. I think a lot of people have a fear that they don't, when they don't understand what's actually happening in the world, I think there's a fear and a thought that if we just keep making more and more restrictive technologies, eventually it might work. There's also a lot of people who don't trust researchers and research. We're not a society that respects expertise for it well. Okay. It'll be great to see some actual research that backs this. Yeah. I don't have it off the top of my head. Okay. One last question. Microphone number two, please. So this greed and this control, I think for a company you have a really economic incentive to actually implement DRM software because this control gains you the economy and also provides a vendor lock-in. So making DRM free software or making DRM free content, I don't see how this would impact the economic incentive for companies that actually implement this DRM. Is there a way that we can punish companies that implement DRM? Is there a way that we can punish companies that implement DRM? I heard some clapping. Do you guys want to clap for that? I mean, especially in the economic sense. The things that people do usually is they vote with their feet or they vote with their wallets. That's the phrasing. I talk to companies right to them. I know that can be really hard. Find somebody within the company who agrees with you. They usually exist and over time they can build coalitions of people there. Build coalitions outside of this and talk to organizations, talk to the companies that are implementing DRM, help them understand what's not effective and what is effective, but also just help them understand that. We're talking about money, but money isn't the issue here and it's not the question we should be talking about. What we should be talking about is what is the responsibilities of people creating and owning this ephemeral concept of materials to you and to everyone else and to society at large. Okay, thanks. So unfortunately we run out of time, so there's no more time for questions. Please stay here, stay seated and give another round of warm applause to Molly.


Hello everyone and welcome back to the YouTube video here. I am John Hammond I wanted to show off some of the challenges from the hack con CTF that just went on this past weekend I'm using a new microphone, and I'm a little tired. So hopefully this doesn't sound that bad But I'll show you in this video just a simple really easy ones the bonus stuff in the trivia challenges that Sure, he was just more guessing but here I'll show you what these really are the welcome one it was kind of confusing for a little bit because it normally Would you see a welcome challenge? I just like give you the flag or like a have a service you can connect to you But they give you this link to some website Which I guess is their affiliate? I'll zoom in on this little bit so you can see it better but This page would load it would take a while But eventually you'd get to view the source of it and honestly I was just hunted for a little bit and their flag format for this competition is Like dark with elite speak and code elite speak just wrapped around braces So I started to look for this the front beginning part of the flag So I control F for that and then there you go. The flag is dark. Welcome to Esya 2017 or whatever I have no idea what this thing is but whatever So we'd submit that and real simple real easy just a couple points there You're welcome challenge five points Done And keep talking I have no idea why this is here Because this doesn't this doesn't have any relevance to the challenge at all But communications key to success and we encourage you to join our slack channel for further discussion this question of feedback So this link here will give you an invite to their Slack channel, which you should totally log into It's easy just to get the flag like that So they had up at the top here their flag This is a welcome and the for the key talking Conversation, I'll see if it's actually in here in the history but they just had it pinned as a They just had it as the conversation topic at the top there And it was like Pink Floyd is the best or something like that something stupid See if I can search for it. Oh, yeah, okay here. So the channel topic to you Pink Floyd is awesome lull code And that was it.  There's a shell visible what command do you type into this shell to counter the hacker and slow him down? Well, I have heard it is start counter strike And that's literally it I don't know if the joke here is it. Oh you use counter to You can start counter strike to hack him back. It was just dumb, but that's it that that was the challenge That's all I wanted to show you in this video real simple real easy the challenges the competition is over So that's why I won't get points for that, but that's what I've heard Answer to be and I thought it was really silly really stupid challenge. It's literally just guessing but whatever In the next couple videos, I'll show you some of the other things that we've done here The I don't know how to say that a couple simple challenges And we'll move into the other Crypto ones this hash I did steg solve a standard steg white a couple of these other Some would take a long time, but all right to the next video


So I guess it's just sort of a question for the audience. Maybe a show of hands Did Biden win show of hands, yes, maybe but did he win? Yeah, I like Tom's take what did Biden win I Don't I don't know I honestly don't because I once I did an episode of my podcast on this And it was about one o'clock in the morning when we recorded it because I have to have it in the dropbox for my Audio guide by the crack of dawn. I cannot record the same day that it comes out So I thought I got to do an episode where I have the most recent information before I go to bed and I and I was so tired and I had to get up early for the kids and And and I and we thought Trump had won because all the remaining states were were pink Which meant they were trending Trump so we all thought and then the next morning Everything had been thrown into into doubt and I just thought I Sacrificed to make that episode and this SOB is gonna claim it was gonna turn around so I was so Frustrated and tired that I just couldn't even bring myself to read the articles about it So I'm still completely in the dark for all I know it's totally on the up and up and for all I know there were all kinds of shenanigans, but And I even have people I trust saying look you got to just admit it He did lose and it was fair and square and there were some areas of the state that weren't counted And I don't know I'm not able to adjudicate it Yeah, it's interesting though. There's if I don't know if you've heard this phrase the margin of fraud In other words every election with 330 million people is gonna have all kinds of fraudulent votes across states So you have to win enough whether that's 52 or 51 or whatever to overcome that That's that's probably true Daniel. Do you think? From a foreign policy perspective Biden is Obama and W or what is he? No, Biden is more hawkish than Obama If you want to go down the list we can talk about what a Biden foreign policy would look like you'll see the the most hawkish members of the Obama administration's foreign policy coming out of the woodwork people like Susan Rice And people like Michelle, Florida who may well be the next secretary of defense if the if the cheating is successful You'll see some people have said well In Dr. Paul and I would have admitted this the one success of the Obama form policy, of course was the Iran deal And certainly the turn around on Cuba policy. I don't have any expectation That a president Biden would go back to the deal he can't He can't do that at this point what he might try to do was negotiate Renegotiate the deal and the Iranians are not having it They sat down fair and square they inked a deal the deal went through the deal was working just fine And then Obama came in like a bull in a china shop and overturned it for his constituency But Biden is no less Beholden in any stretch of the imagination to special interest in the Middle East than President Trump is he's just slightly more subtle about How he does it so a Biden form policy will go back to confrontation with Russia in Syria There's no question a Biden form policy will halt the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan And etc. etc. Even as Trump the actions don't necessarily match the words a hundred percent the the certainly the the the instinct is there the the Articulation of a policy is there no Biden will definitely be a More hawkish president and at this point confronting China and Russia In in in places like the Middle East in the Far East. I think have a much more danger of starting a war And let's not forget guess who is chair of the Senate foreign relations committee for the Iraq War vote fight in Joe Biden Hunter was not involved in that war to my knowledge. He was otherwise engaged And we know that Kamala Harris the great humanitarian will act as a check on his worst impulses maybe but Here's my prediction for the in early stages of a Biden presidency is there's going to be Sort of a new reconstruction in other words an effort to Exact retribution on the red states in various forms now Trump did this a little bit One thing Trump did against the blue states was he took away or actually limited The amount of state income taxes you could deduct as an itemized deduction on your federal income taxes And of course if you look at your federal marginal tax rate for your income up here People in California would say well, you know my rate is really high But I'm able to deduct excuse me people in California Would say you know our income tax rates really high but I'm able to deduct that on my federal income tax return. So my actual Effective tax rate is lower than it appears and I can sort of live with that. So Trump came along and said, you know, okay Here's your comeuppance We're gonna take that away from you and that hurt a lot of really wealthy and high income people in California a lot Of moved to places like in incline village, Nevada, you know as a result to be nearby So I think that the Dems for all their talk about equality and egalitarianism on taxes. They'll undo that quickly They'll watch watch for that folks in the early months and the House Ways and Means Committee because That all their big blue state donors are gonna want that state income tax deduction resuscitated, but I suspect there will be all kinds of little ways in which By administration will attempt to stick it to the red states because because remember It's not just that they had the audacity four years ago to install this orange man As president That it was worse than that in the progressive worldview. It was worse than they just voted for a terrible guy They did something worse. They denied Hillary Clinton and this country, you know The next the next level in its inevitable arc of history Because if you're a progressive and then you tell you something there are right-wing conservative progressives and there are libertarian progressives Okay, if you're a progressive you believe that there's an arc to history rather than something we all have to get up every day and produce an urn and so I think I think you are going to see a new reconstruction and If it is if it's somewhat open Then maybe that's the catalyst the red states will need to be thinking more in terms of making their own interstate Compacts and if Trump had managed to win this election or somehow he prevails in the Supreme Court You are absolutely going to see the blue states people like Evan Newsom in California He's referred to his own state as a nation state He's gonna enter into interstate compacts with Oregon and Washington and Nevada maybe and say, you know Here's our position on you know certain Trump edicts and we're not going to follow them that sort of thing So that's that I think that would have been fascinating if Trump had simply won outright Including the popular vote that would have forced progressives to say, oh, you know, this is not the country We thought it was and we don't want to be part of this racist retrograde Reactionary fascist America anymore, but now that they've won Apparently what all the sudden it's gonna be like well, you know, we have a mandate So I think it's it's probably bad for I think a Biden presidency apart from the obvious things I think from a strategic perspective is probably not good Can I say something about the virus because that's a little bit on my mind and how Biden would handle that because You know, I think opinion is divided among our folks as to whether if Biden were to win Would we suddenly see that the virus doesn't matter anymore all of a sudden or would he would he clamp down even harder? And you can make a pretty good case for either one you could actually make a case for both But he clamps down hard for a little while Then after that Pretends that that's what brought it down and then declares victory I mean obviously if by the the midterm elections, we're still social distancing and all that then how can he honestly claim I was following the science the science must suck If you did all this and we had all these sacrifices and we're still do I mean it's some normal people have to catch on at that point so There are ways that he could I mean I wonder if deep down He's you know, he's not that bright of a guy but is he smart enough to recognize what's really happening with the virus and Is he smart enough to know what's going on the problems with the PCR testing as they're starting to substitute these rapid tests That are not as sensitive, but that they are starting to roll out the case numbers will fall and Biden could use that and say look at this You know, I mean the the the virus is already we're already making this tremendous progress. It's no difference It's no progress. It's just that they're they're more accurately measuring what's really happening so there are ways that he could bring the number down or There are ways you can emphasize certain aspects of data to make it look not so terrible So if he wants to do it that way, there are definitely ways he could make it look like I came in We did a couple of quick tough things. We follow the science and now look Yeah, if I can just comment on that although it's Pink Floyd said the worms have eaten into the brain of Joe brought Biden. It's true He know he's not dumb enough to not understand that a lockdown will destroy the economy The economy that we all know is built on a house of sand and it's just a miracle that it didn't crash under Trump So Biden understands that if he locks down the economy, he's going to preside over a massive Economic collapse that that would be my argument for him doing some early symbolic measures Declaring victory and backing off But Tom when you said nobody wants any good news on COVID Yeah, but was that was that all just get Trump by having a drumbeat of bad news Some of it but on the other hand all through Europe, some of them don't want to hear good news either It's it's just crazy. I mean I remember when I first followed this I was very very worried about the virus my first couple of emails about it I was very worried about it. So like a normal person I was scouring the internet to see is there a silver lining not silver lining But is there any good news? Is there anything indicating that it won't be as bad as they say like a normal person? I was looking for that to see if it was there and it's like these people aren't even looking for that So so some of it has to do with Trump But on the other hand it's like I think some of these people are gonna be so relieved to be have Trump You know be out of there and they are so convinced that Trump was just not following what science says Even though he absolutely was after he stopped paying attention to Fauci That I think they might be willing to hear it from a Joe Biden And they might be willing even to hear it from a Fauci if he can bring himself to say it Well, there certainly hasn't been an election in my lifetime anywhere anyway, where the vice president was considered a successor you know with this kind of intensity and Depending on Biden's health. I mean we don't know so when we categorize politicians from our perspective, you know It's really about personality. It's not about ideology or policy. We know we all know that but so when you look at them You can say they're sort of categories you could take and I don't know if this is true But the stereotype you take W and you could say well, he's dumb But nice Okay, and then you could take a Bill Clinton and say he's smart But nice and you can live with that Okay, you don't need because not a true believer type and then you could take someone like Hillary Clinton and Say she's smart but mean Okay, and so you start to go down and then you get to Kamala and you have she's dumb and mean so I mean so so you get You know you get to a point where do you want smart, you know earnest true believer wonkish Politicians it with this kind of just unbelievable power or do we want them dumb?  I don't obviously he's incurious He's not red, which is fine in some ways, but I do think He is immensely susceptible to flattery and as a result of that it was easy for people to surround him You know why why is Trump after all of his 2016 rhetoric? Why is John Bolton even? Within he there should have been an airstrike on John Bolton, right? I mean why is Why is John Bolton within a hundred miles of the White House? Why why is Bill? Crystal, you know, so that's the thing is is is Personnel policy Yeah, I think the one The one good thing about Trump from a libertarian perspective Which unfortunately translated to very bad policy is that he appears to be completely uninterested in governing He is uninterested in the process He's uninterested in in actually wielding power and making it happen Case in point. I want all of the Russia stuff declassified But he didn't actually write an official order Ordering it to be declassified as he had the authority to do as president of the United States He allowed the people that he hired to correct him and clarify him I want everyone out of Afghanistan. Well, what the president meant to say is there's a process with several benchmarks and so He's not interested in wielding power actually wielding power He's interested in the appearance of wielding power That would be a good thing in a perfect world. Unfortunately. We're not we're not in that place now This is something I struggle with because we've always sort of preached that you should live a non-political life and that politics was not the The ends or the means we ought to be educating people winning hearts and minds and it feels to me like something's changed In just the last five or ten years where the whole world has gotten so politicized That if you're not engaged You almost feel like You're being you know, you're making yourself susceptible to being imposed on should we be political? You start and then I'll riff on what you say Well, I have I mean, I guess I'm gonna make a confession in a way because we've always been actively apolitical and Antipolitical and Jeff's philosophical reasons for being that way that he's articulated over the last several years at least are Very very important, which is that our obligation as libertarians is to make a living have a family if that's what we choose to do And live a normal life and have the state be completely away from us as possible Ignored as much as possible homeschool As much as possible, but I have to confess over watching what's happened over the last couple of days I had started thinking good grief. I mean this might be a time where we have to find people For the midterm elections and I mean, I shouldn't say this in public because it goes against all of my instinct All right, I'm glad you said it Because yeah, I would love to say oh I could just ignore politics and so on and to some degree That is you you always can yeah, right you can always live your life to whatever said but after what we've seen them capable of doing in 2020 and That the masses went along with so much of it and because the math where the masses getting their information from Politicians by and large. Yeah, they're getting it from scientists, but scientists chosen by politicians That's where the masses are getting their information. So to say well, we're we're just above politics Okay, then I think you're just seeding the ground then to people who have Extremely sinister intentions have shown they can manipulate the public into cheering their own destruction Their livelihoods are ruined And they don't even dare speak up about it because if they say oh my gosh I've suffered this terrible tragedy.  I just I can't let the SOP's get away with it Sorry for the vulgarity. I'm sorry There reminds me of an old joke in the Soviet Union one says to the other I love the party and the other says yes, but there's the party love you and we say we hate politics Yes, but the politics hate you. Yeah. Yeah, well part of it I would say my own evolution and this has not been comfortable for me We all hate to have our worldview or our framework challenged Even ten years ago. I probably wouldn't have been one of those obnoxious people saying oh, you know, just it's all about the state and you know a Traffic cop in a bad mood or a DMV clerk that you have to deal with to get your stupid tag They have more power over you than Facebook or Google or CNN You know it you can you your relationship with Google and Facebook and CNN is voluntary But you have to deal with that traffic cop or that DMV clerk, you know And I've really had to change on that and I think Michael rekt and Walt's gonna speak about that this afternoon But the the nexus the confluence the the intertwining of state and corporation now is just so incredibly deep That that that just kind of neat formulation doesn't work anymore By the way, let me add how happy I am that Michael rekt and Walt is part of this event if you don't know him yet He's a former professor at NYU an ex Marxist spent much of his life as a Marxist An ex Marxist now and those are the best kind because he knows that he knows the names. He knows who did what But last night we had a nice event at Dr. Paul's house and Michael was there and and we ate dinner And then finally I had time to go find him. He was already gone. So I wonder How ex of a Marxist is he shows up eats the free food then he's gone But it's you know when you look at things strategically at the state and local level There's for example in your town. There are probably non-partisan races and I think those are the best kind because once you know This R&D thing is just absolute poison and once you get into that binary, you know in your town, let's say I live in a college town of about 70,000 people 75,000 Auburn, Alabama and and so fortunately we have a non-partisan City Council My wife is in is sort of asked me to run for that because it's It's geographical. It's by area and I said, you know Anyone who takes he's gonna find a YouTube of me in two minutes and that's gonna be out the window Okay, so that's that's that's a non-starter But what we need is to find non-partisan races because if your neighbors are D's and you run for something as an R You've automatically created a wedge, which is just so horrible. It's so horrible to think of and But but if you can find those non-partisan races, well, we need to find his younger people You know, we need to find younger people to be running stuff running for stuff who see the world the way we do because Pete You know, I think that's really the key is getting people 30 and under to run because they have an automatic I think cash a and a freshness And you know, that's that's strategic thinking, you know It's not like the guy who has the best idea some middle-aged white guy won't okay that you know But we need to be thinking strategically Jeff I went to a city council meeting this past week the first time I've ever done it.  Yeah, but You know the question though, and I think we're I know people in this room feel this is politics is interested in you And that's just the reality. So as much as we talk about Federalism subsidiarity outright secession a nullification These things are not neat and easy and there's no reason that that that we should expect them to be you know That's that's human history, but we don't have neat geographic lines There are deep red and blue within virtually every state and that's you know red and blue is it's just sort of one line You could draw so This a couple minutes left, you know give it give us the case for optimism assuming Biden's present and we go forward from here two minutes Well, I Was actually glad Daniel to hear you Come up with a scenario by which Biden steps back from because obviously in the long run in the short run You can get people on your side with the social distancing and all the impositions on them But I don't think I mean even the most cynical among us can't possibly think that's a long-run strategy He's got to step back from it and I was even wondering if if Trump stayed in There could be a way in which it would take even longer to get out of this because all the politicized Scientists would still be pretending it was a fiasco There was a there was a report the other day about how we've had more cases in the in the in one day than ever before as I showed you the case thing doesn't even matter and Koldorf at Harvard says it doesn't even matter don't even worry about it But though the woman used the word it's the highest toll of the whole There's no one dead. What are you talking about cases? Do what it's it's somebody who has a sniffles or nothing might have nothing and this is the highest So they're even using language like toll They're not gonna use the language like toll Under Joe Biden, so there are some dynamics that I think oddly enough might make it more likely that we more Rapidly emerge from this under Joe Biden and by the way the guilt is overwhelming me That killer joke I told about wrecked and wall that was Jenna's joke and I just feel bad that I got the credit for that Okay, all right go ahead Well, I guess as long as we're doing true confessions at least I'm doing true confessions I have to admit I'm a I'm a 14-year proud non-voter The last person I voted for Was Jim Webb for the Senate who Jeff and I both admire in many ways But I had a tinge. I had a weird tinge You know gosh, I probably should have voted and that's not because I love Trump I don't and we have huge problems with him. It's because we're terrified of Biden We're terrified of the app. We know that Trump is is goofy and he doesn't do the right things He does a lot of terrible things. He's not a libertarian But we have no idea what Biden is going to do or say or even wake up thinking he is who he is tomorrow So it's it's terrifying and I had that tinge, but I want to I want to do Because I get this thing I get obsessed and I have been obsessed with this process What's happened the last couple of days not sleeping and not eating trying to figure out what's happening? And if I can just have one minute I want to say red flag and smoking gun because I think although because of the preponderance of the core as the Soviets would say the correlation of forces is definitely in favor of Biden There are some red flags and smoking guns out there One of the most brilliant attorneys in my opinion in the United States now a Sydney Powell And she represented Mike Flynn and was able to get him out She gave a she was on Lou Dobbs yesterday or today and she made some excellent points about The hammer and scorepark scorecard programs. I don't want to get too far into the woods here But in michigan's antrium county a glitch using one of those programs switched a biden victory To a trump victory plus 2500 votes There are 47 more counties in michigan that have used that program that seems to be prone to One-way glitches and there are several other swing states that use that program that use that that comes up with these glitches So I would say That may be the red flag that they're looking for of course My friend sent that to me this this morning and I said, but if a tree falls in the woods, does anyone hear it? We don't have a correlation of forces for us Those of us who don't want to see a steel happen practically zero so But that and the amazing disconnect between The people who voted for trump and voted for a republican senator And the people who voted for biden and a democratic senator the margins and swing states are unbelievable and unprecedented There were hundreds of thousands of ballots turned in with just biden marked and no one else marked Which is pretty anomalous when it comes to voting So there are a few things out there. Maybe we're grasping at straws and again I'm not a trump cheerleader by any stretch, but what's happening. I think will hurt us more than four years of the orange buffoon Well, we'll leave it that lou rockwell says trump doesn't deserve to be reelected We don't deserve joe biden. So we'll be back in half an hour folks. Thanks


So this is the review board for Burlington for February 15th. And we are fully remote at this point. And on zoom. We take up items that they are on in the agenda. And when we call people, Scott will admit people to participate. That's both of the applicant and members of the public who wish to speak. And people get sworn in at that time. And we ask that you give Scott your mailing address. Okay. So we have no consent item. So we might as well get right into the first item as a public hearing. For 77 79 Monroe street. Use of a. Units of the duplex as a bed and breakfast short-term rental. The applicant here, Scott. The applicant is here, Brad. After the fact, after the agenda went out, you may have noticed that this application in the next one on King street are recommended for consent. But that's that's your call as to how you want to handle it. I saw I saw that using the. Okay. So they were listed as consent in the staff report. They just didn't know that here. I'm happy to treat these two as. We'll start off seeing if it's a consent agenda. I will ask the applicant if we are you okay if we that's a Lucas. Yes, correct. And if we, you read the staff's findings and recommendations. I did. Yes. And you're okay with those. Yes, I'm fine with those. Is there anybody on the board who objects to treating this as a consent. Item. Okay. And there's nobody from the public who is wishing to speak on 77 79 Monroe street. Let me check on that, Brad. I see. Lori Koderman has her hand up, but I think she's an applicant for scarf avenue. So Lori, you can hear me. I'm going to lower your hand. If you really want to speak on Monroe street, you can raise it again. Okay. It looks like Lori is just here for her application. No one looking to speak. Would somebody like to make a motion on 77 79 Monroe street. I move that we. Accept staff recommendations and approve the application. Second on that. Jeff. Okay. Any discussion. All in favor. Anonymous. Okay. Your approval of this. Well, that was pretty painful. Thank you very much. I mean, sorry. It was a long, a long road to get here, but thank you very much. I appreciate it. Approval. The next item is 59 King street is the applicant here for that one. Yep. So Lori Koderman, I believe, is speaking for this one as well as. My son, Antonio is the occupant. He's right here. He can speak. I just want to, he's, we're here together. So you're only going to see my name, Scott. I just wanted to. Okay. So Lori and Antonio, this is recommended for consent item, which means that the staff has recommended approval. Are you okay with the recommendations of the staff? Yes. Okay. Anybody on the board object to treating this one as a consent item. Jeff. I guess I do have a question about. The relationship between this and the next one on our agenda. They look like there's similar applicants and they both require owner occupancy. So. I just need to understand what's going on there. Before you say, Lori, I think, so we'll take this off the consent agenda, which means we treat it as a public hearing. Okay. So I'll ask Lori and Antonio to swear yourselves in. Do you swear to tell the whole truth on the pain and penalty of perjury? Yes. Yes. Okay. So Jeff had a question about this one. Relative to. Own occupancy as a requirement for. Breakfast. Sure. So can you hear me? Yep. I'll speak to that. I apologize, Jeff. I understand your confusion. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'll speak to you. As I was speaking. I'm in Scarf Avenue. And Tony was my son. And we write. He's actually does all the cleaning for the short term rental. So it's his livelihood. And so his name really should not have been on scarf. I'm not so sure how he got on that, but he lives at King street. And. And we, we, and I live at Scarf Avenue. So Tony should not have been on that. I don't know how his name got on there. It was probably something I did when I was doing the application because I did the, I was the secretary for it all. I apologize for that confusion. It's your question. Jeff. It does. Any other questions for this applicant? Okay. Well, we'll probably take up and vote on this at the end of the meeting that I'll close the public hearing on this one at this point. And we'll move on to 65 Scarf Avenue. And is anybody here to speak on that besides the applicant? Scott. If to speak on this application or raise your hand. Nope. Just, just Lori. Okay. So I think. I guess I should swear you in again on this one, Lori, that you'll swear to tell the truth and hold truth on the pain and penalty of surgery. Or absolutely. Okay. So this one also seems fairly straightforward. I have to admit, I'm curious about one thing myself. And that is the site plan is from a 2020. Application. And it was approved. I assume you've built whatever is on that. Site. Yeah. So there's an area on there, a 20 by 30 foot. Area that is. Is that for parking? Yes. It's 30 by 30. It's actually 30 by 30, I think. Yeah. Okay. I was trying to figure out how you could maneuver. No, it's 30. Yeah, it's 30 by 30. And this is. Is this yours, Ryan? It is. Does that affect the lot coverage? A lot of coverage was calculated underneath that 2020 permit. That's associated with that site plan. So that was approved and developed as shown on the site plan. So they're just reusing that site plan. They're not changing anything on the site. Well, And that approved three spaces, which is the requirement for the proposed use. Overall. Yeah, but the site plan is not accurate. That's what I was at 30 by 30. Is that what you said? Yeah, it's 20 by 30 on the site plan. Yeah, I'd have to look into that because. Oh, Ryan. Oh, okay. My husband said it is 20 by 30. I'm sorry. I misheard him. So it is what it says. It's 20 by 30. And so it is approved for three cars, like Ryan said, but it's. Sorry, did you have a question? How do you put your three cars in there? I'm just curious. So, so. We, we people usually back out.  So you put two cars into this area here, then one car on the driveway. Or three cars in there. Three cars, three cars fit. Thank you, Brad. Any other questions for the applicant on a scarf avenue? They did you have a question? Okay. That's the only question I had was that. Maneuverability, but it seems okay. Okay. I just wanted to look at one thing on the staff report. I didn't notice it. Ryan, do we say anything about hours on this? I might have recommended on the look. Oh yeah. Seven to 10, 7am to 10pm. Yeah, check in and check out. Okay. That was the main thing. Okay. Unless anybody else has a question. Close the public hearing. Thank you. Okay. I think we have an applicant team. So James, I'm going to start with you. So James, is there anyone else presenting with you tonight? Once you on mute. Is there anybody else besides James presenting? Yeah, I see GBA conference room. See me. That's a human. So you can speak to you now. All right. Thanks. Thanks. Is that anybody from the public? Scott, is that, that's it. If anyone else from the public is looking to speak on this application. 251 South Indian street. Raise your hand, please. Who's here from GBA. That's Steve Crudel. Okay. So Steve and James. Would you raise your right hand? And swear that you would tell the truth and whole truth on the pain and penalty of perjury. Yes. I hear one. Yes. James. Yeah. Is that okay? Yes. So. Can I just jump in briefly? Yeah. Earlier today, I discovered. A mistake on my part. About inclusionary. Originally this project was, I forget what it was, but it was more than 10 units. And even as adaptive reuse inclusionary zoning applies. But it's since been slimmed down. To eight units. So the threshold for inclusionary zoning for an adaptive reuse project is 10. So well, originally it looked like they were going to have to deal with inclusionary. They don't have to because they're talking about eight units as presented. So you can strike the. No finding about inclusionary. And I'll just mention that I have a question of whether that. Unit one is really a viable unit. You know, in terms of. Windows and egress and all of the kind of stuff. So. It's a bread that unit one. And the latest elevations we put together. We would actually. Yeah. Is what it is. Is the one in the center. In the main. One on the. What would be the south side and then the center. Yeah. So we'd have to watch. That the window. Into the living area. To get the required percentage for a late day lighting. That's updated on the. I just sent some scots, some stuff to respond to comments today. And so that's shown there with the wider. More day lighting going into that space. So Steve, I've not seen that yet. That's something you can present to the board. Or do you want me to fish that out of my email right now? I could present it. Okay. Well, why don't we do that? I'll promote you to a. Analysts. All right. We'll just take a moment. Okay. You do that, Scott. Are there any issues with historic preservation and the building and new windows and opening up and marching openings? There really isn't. It's all in the back and it's fairly minor. Okay. All right, Steve, you should be able to do. Screen share now. Must be working on it. We can see it. So a couple of things have been added. Check it out. Check it out. Check it out. Check it out. We could see it. We can see it. So a couple of things have been added. Check it through all these Scott or just. If it's different from what's included in the packet. Okay. I'll just throw out there, Steve, that. The plans did not show a walkway on the back on the first floor, which seems to be there in the elevations and. If it's there, it would be nice for it to be in the plan. So maybe you have that now too. We're here. But so for the civil, we've added the walkway on the north side, leading up to the. That comes in. I'll slow to respond here. Sorry about this. Oh, okay. That's the walkway. Yeah. So this driveway is just too narrow. Between the lot line in the building. All we have is. It's just enough for the driveway to come through. So it doesn't really make sense to be able to have a walkway up along the asphalt. So really our only option to get back to the sidewalk is on the north side. We're show right now we in this version we have. The 11 parking parking space is shown with the van accessible ADA spot. And there's two short term bicycle racks here. Right here. Right near the walkway. And then this is the trash enclosure. And we see this. I mean, this is a pretty steep hill right here.  So this is what we see this as. Community trash with bins. And so people. Or it has to be. And then you see this. There's a lot of these things here that are brought up in the tenants to the street. So either by the haulers or a friend. And Brad, is this the walkway you were talking about on the north side? No, no. It's a work walkway attached to the back of the building. Oh, okay. Yes, I have. Let me keep going. These are the details for the walkway and the. They were asked for in the comments and for the inverted bike rack. And this walkway here from the driveway into here, or into the entrances, that's where you're referring to, Brad, correct? No, it's on one level up from that. Isn't there a walkway outside of that on the west side there? Yeah. And so we have this one, and we really don't want, it's this stair that is gonna be under cover because it's an egress for this unit on the far north side. It has egress at grade on the entry, but this is really serving and at the access where there's one unit up on the top level that has to be under cover here. I'll show you the revised elevations for that, Brad. Oh, okay. Because the elevation shows a walkway across the whole back of the building. And that is, this is the existing, what it is right now is an existing roof, existing deck all the way across. The existing roof across here. There's really no changes proposed to this elevation. On this north side, we've opted to actually, this was stopped right at this point and just to not change things, just trying to keep things as close to the historic as they were. I did just change this in the submittal today to continue this all the way across. So I should update that in the plan, Brad, which I'll do here. This roof stays across. This stair exists. We're gonna, it's the wrong rise and run. So we're gonna change this stair right here. The existing, I should comment, I'm gonna go back one for a second. All the changes to this building are really happening on the rear elevation. And this is what, this is the rear elevation now. There is that deck and there is a wall that was built below the deck and it serves as storage for legal files, or it did. And so really it's just, there's a concrete pad in here and these are just windows giving some daylight into this space. So we're looking to remove that wall and to expose the stone foundation that is under that deck. We think it's gonna look a lot better that way. This is really the new window and for the center unit that you were mentioning Brad, where we have to get this big enough for to meet our 8% daylighting for this area. We're putting a new door here in an existing opening, a new door up here to access the unit, the southernmost unit on the main floor. And we have to, and this is gonna be a bedroom here. This has to be changed into an operable window as well. These units, there's eight units. We're looking at eight condensers. So one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight condensers that are gonna be wall mounted on the back of the building. So really all the changes to this are happening on this, the westernmost elevation. In a lot of ways, we think it's a big improvement to what was there before. And I do, Scott had mentioned that we're not substantially changing the historic nature of this and this could be removed. So Steve, small detail. I see the new window on the center of the bottom and your drawing shows it as a casement, whereas what's online shows double hung. Either way, it's fine, but it needs to look like a double hung. So in these windows here, where they're showing the four lights here, three lights, three lights and one full glass over here, those are all existing. We're not changing those. You can see those modifications to the back of this or in the past, there's been some doorways that were filled in, earlier openings made, but we're trying to keep it as close to what it is currently as possible. And if I understand it correctly then, Steve, the first floor units both entered from the east side of the building on Union Street, all the other units on the upper floor and the lower floor then are accessed from the back of the building. Is that right? But if we look, I should say one, this is the first floor here, this unit. Can you see my cursor when I do that? Yeah. Okay. This is accessed from Union Street through here. Yeah. This unit right through there is accessed again from Union Street through the main entrance. Yeah. And there's one bedroom unit that's accessed from the backside right through here through those existing stairs that go up from the driveway. The upper story, this front, this unit is accessed through the front stairs, this unit through the front stairs, that's currently how it's set up right now. And then this two bedroom unit is accessed from the back through that, through the deck system. So this would be a covered entry. Trying to retain as much of the historic materials inside as well. And most of the walls that are coming down have been walls that have been added to suit to make create offices. For such a quiet, elegant street front, it's rather chaotic, isn't it? It is. Yeah. I'm curious, one other thing I'll ask you about is I work by this building all the time. It has those little, I don't know if they are four by four posts stuck in to support that porch beam. You know, it's got these elegant columns and then it's got these two posts stuck in on the porch on the street side. Yeah, those guys. Yeah, those guys. Nobody ever talked about fixing that, huh? I would love to get rid of, take those away, but I'm not sure if it's Storks. Well, Scott, we can talk to Stork about that to get it back to what it was, correct me? Yeah. But I look at a place, so. Yeah. Like a funny thing in this unit here, when you go inside to this office, there's a fireplace against this wall and it's right in front of a window. So it's just for show. Don't forget how things got there. Yeah. It's nice to see the building being maintained, I guess I would say. Are there any questions from the board for the applicant here on this? No, it's not that changed from site plan from sketch plan. So I thought they did a good thorough job at sketch plan, which helps us here. Is there any other questions from the board? Well, I have a question for Scott. Yeah. Scott, do the inclusionary issue you brought up, your staff report recommended continuation and I think in part to deal with that. So do we not need to do that? Has that dealt with in your mind? Because if we do a motion on this and we adopt staff's findings and conclusions, we'd have to note that that's different, is that right? That's correct. There is the inclusionary was outstanding in the handicap parking stop and both have been addressed. Inclusionary is moot. That can be struck. And I see in the updated site plan, the handicap space and loading areas noted. Okay. Thanks, Scott. Yep. I don't see anything else the applicant wants to add at this point. I think we're going to close the public hearing. Thank you. Thanks a lot. Okay. We have one other application here, which is for 180 Flynn Avenue for an after-the-fact tree removal. Is the applicant here, Scott? I think so. That's Chris Burke. I believe it's going to be speaking for him, yeah. All right, Chris, you can talk. Well, I'm going to, is anybody else here besides Chris to speak on this one, Scott? I'd like to speak on this application. Raise your hands. This is Chris. Chris, do you swear to tell the truth that whole truth underpain and penalty of perjury? I do. Okay. Well, I suppose if nothing else, an explanation of why this is after the fact would be helpful. Honestly, so my coworker is the one that was involved in this. He's out of town right now. So the best of my knowledge, they were cleaning up basically what was a little scrub line. There was the one elm that was there, a couple of scrub trees. And at the same time, the railroad department was there and they were concerned about some of the trees that were overhanging the tracks. And, you know, not even thinking anything about it. I guess he said, yeah, absolutely. We'll cut them out. They're on our property, but the railroad was concerned. So it just, it didn't even dawn on us that this was something that we needed to permit at all, which I understand is our fault. And then you removed the stumps, is that right? Yes. Doesn't seem like there's a lot of concern about that. At that point, you know, nobody likes to see these things after the fact. I understand. It's a pretty big property to have there, right? I mean, this is 180 flinkels. Yeah, along the railroad track, but so you've got a lot of perimeter. Correct. Hopefully next time you know. We definitely, we definitely know. So any questions for the applicant on this one? I think there's questions that people want to ask, but I don't think they don't really go anywhere. So I guess we'll probably leave it at that. Yeah, okay. Then we're going to close this application, this hearing. Thank you, Chris. Thank you. Okay. And we don't have any other business here. So it's true, right, Scott? We should have other business. Oh, for the first time. Was it for the, um... Interesting. Yeah. I had to replace the agenda for the Zoom info, and that's why that's not on there. So yeah. So Leo has volunteered to be our second ordinance committee member. So instead of doing it in July, we'll do it in February. We just need somebody to nominate in second and vote them in. Unless you change your mind, Leo. So moved. Do we have a second? Somebody needs to second it. Caitlin, thank you.  Yeah, I honestly, I'd forgotten a little bit about that, but I did it back when I was doing the DAB a bit, and so great. Okay. Perfect. Thank you. All in favor of Leo, you know, on that committee. Aye. Okay. Congratulations. And with that, we will close the review board meeting and we can deliberate on... Recording stopped. Progress. So on ZP-22-459 King Street, I move that we approve the application and adopt staff's findings and recommendations and conditions. Caitlin seconds it. Any discussion? All in favor? unanimous. Okay, thank you. Next one is 65 Scarf Avenue. Recording stopped. Thing in progress. So on ZP-21-833, which is 65 Scarf Avenue, I move that we approve the application and adopt staff's findings and conditions. Again. Caitlin, okay, good teamwork. Any other discussion? All in favor? Recording stopped. Now we got 251. On 251-253 South Union Street. Sorry, the permit number is not on the agenda. So whatever that permit number is, I move that we accept staff recommendations and approve the application. Second on that. I guess just with a point of clarification, I'll second it, but I'll clarify it. I think we're striking condition 1B in 1H. That they update the plans to reflect the deck on the back to match the elevations. But okay. It really seems like they need to update the plans to reflect what they presented to us today. Yeah. It wasn't clear from Scott that it actually had been submitted. There is an email late this afternoon. I've not looked at it yet. And they also need to correct the window on the window they're adding to be a double-hung window to have the appearance of a double-hung window. All those changes are good with me. Thank you. Thank you. All in favor? Opposed? Okay. Recording in progress. So on ZP-21-853 180 Flynn Avenue, I move that we approve the application and adopt staff findings and recommend our conditions. Second on that? Second on that. AJ, any other discussion? So what are our staffs? I can give you staff's findings. Standard conditions. That's all there is a standard conditions because it's already done, the work is completed. Right. There's nothing else they're doing. Okay. All in favor? Opposed? Okay. Recording stopped.


Welcome to the ITU studio in Geneva where we're here for the Future Networks car symposium Which is happening this year at ITU because the Geneva Motor Show where it was originally going to be held has been cancelled but I'm here with Roger Langto who is a director of Connected Mobility and Global Automotive Practice for strategy analytics Roger welcome to the studio. Thank you very much now. I'd like to start off by asking you a little bit about Intelligent transport and I wanted to ask you what is the biggest topic of conversation intelligent transport at the moment? I think one of the biggest challenges remains getting the ITS industry sort of Connected up with the automotive industry. These industries don't communicate very well together They often don't even participate in one another's events and another Participant that's that tends to be missing at ITS events is the technology industry So the Silicon Valley crowd and the like so Trying to join up those three points of the compass maybe Is the big challenge facing that industry I think now looking Into the future of mobility. I wanted to ask you what are your predictions for the future of mobility? How a regulator is thinking about it how a industry player is thinking about it and what should we expect as consumers? So the entire industry is moving towards trying to get towards a more of a European kind of a delivery Mechanism where you know you would have one means of payment Maybe it's just an app or maybe a card or something that encompasses all transportation options And so that's the big headline Activity that's underway and it involves payments involves infrastructure, etc where there is some confusion is what is the role of cars and that's my world and Just coming from another conference recently. There was a lot of talk of you know, we're not going to have cars we're not going to have car parks and You know people start talking about doing away with all these things You know you get the vision of throwing the baby out with the bath water So I think there's some sort of middle ground There is a role for cars and I dare say in a corona virus environment Private vehicle ownership is suddenly looking very attractive Our industry players and road regulators you think now aligned in their vision of the future of mobility Well, I think The regulators are coming to terms with all of these new options. Where does car sharing fit in where does ride hailing fit in Where does micro mobility scooters fit in and oh by the way, we have all this mass transit That's really is quite wonderful actually and you know what those taxi drivers We're actually doing a pretty good job before we let all the ride hailing guys in and almost destroy their business so I expect a Rediscovery of public transportation. In fact, I'm seeing this happen I expect a sort of an insurgency from the taxi industry with the help of some technology companies and I Expect that regulators will start to piece together what their expectations are for Scooters do we want them do we not we've seen them welcomed and then shunned and banned and kicked out So we're still exploring how to use that technology geofensive maybe help it fit in Car sharing after decades of being available. So it's really not that new a phenomenon There's still only about four hundred thousand shared cars on the planet in the reality Almost every car could be should be shareable or shared so there's something missing in that equation and I think there's a regulatory piece that that could be helpful thinking of recent industry or public sector announcements in the intelligent transport arena Do any interesting must-watch projects come to mind the European data task force? I think it creates some intriguing opportunities and possibilities of joining up infrastructure data with vehicle data to create a Safer driving environment, maybe a more efficient and cleaner driving environment They're also I wouldn't call it per se an initiative, but I would be a little bit remiss if I didn't mention the rather serious drive particularly again in Europe towards Essentially doing away with the internal combustion engine by 2035 or 2040 That's a that's a pretty serious mandate and movement in the market and Actually it it meshes very nicely with the car sharing and ride-hailing markets and I expect That taxis rental cars all of these kind of fleets that are out there are going to shift very aggressively towards EV So maybe people can't afford EVs They may be put off a little bit by the price, but fleets they make perfect sense And so there will be a significant transformation an electrification of vehicle fleets and do you think that's an achievable ambition? I think so I think it's going to ramp up the adoption rate much more rapidly than trying to sell and Relay solely on selling EVs to consumers directly and finally. What's the value of this symposium to you and the wider intelligent transport community? This is where I come to better understand how the standard setting bodies across Europe and across the world are trying to come to grips with this car connectivity proposition securing cars electrifying cars Monetizing or or understanding the data that's coming out of cars and optimizing these in-vehicle experiences both for making them Enjoyable and continuing to have that opportunity, but also making them safe and clean Well, thank you very much for joining us here in the studio today And we look forward to catching up with you again since some stage in the in the very near future. Thank you Glad to be here. Thank you


Hi and welcome to the session. My name is Reshi and I am going to help you to solve the following question. Question is, form a pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their solution by substitution method. First part is, the difference between the two numbers is 26 and one number is 3 times the other. Find them. Let us start with the solution now. Reading the question carefully, we can see that there are two numbers unknown. Let us assume that the larger number be equal to x and the other number smaller than x be y. Now according to the question, the difference between the two numbers is 26. So our first equation is x-y is equal to 26. Now the second condition given to us is one number is 3 times the other. In equation 3y, let us name these equations as 1 and 2. Now substituting the value of x from equation 2, in equation 1 we get 3y-y is equal to 26. This implies 2y is equal to 26 which implies y is equal to 26 upon 2 equal to 13. Therefore, y is equal to 13. Now we will substitute the value of y in the equation 2 to get the value of x. Now substituting this value of y in equation 2 we get x is equal to 13 multiplied by 3 which implies x is equal to 39. So the two numbers are 39 and 13 and the required equations are x-y is equal to 26 and x is equal to 3y where x is greater than y. Solutions of the equation are x is equal to 39 and y is equal to 13. This is the required answer. This completes the session. Hope you understood the session. Goodbye.


We're going to talk briefly now about the some of the basic equations that we use within fluid mechanics. And we'll be talking about these equations quite often and consequently it's useful to review them now. The first equation that we'll be looking at, and this is an important one, is conservation of mass. And within fluid mechanics we refer to that as being the continuity equation. Second equation is conservation of momentum. This will come out of Newton's second law, f equals ma, and we'll derive that for a control volume. Third one is conservation of energy, and that is the first law of thermodynamics. The place where you would see that in this course would be if you have a non-isothermal flow, gas dynamics, high speed flows would be involved with that, but we really won't be looking at that in an introductory course, the fluid mechanics. Next equation, which couples and follows on from the energy equation, is the equation of state. And that's something that you would see in a thermodynamics course. Ideal gas law, ideal gas equation, p equals rho rt, and we will use that from time to time when we're dealing with variable pressure or temperature flows. And finally what we have here is we have to apply boundary conditions. We already talked about the no slip or no temperature jump, but boundary conditions are also important. And the boundary conditions apply at any of the surfaces or interfaces for the domains that we're studying, so it could be solid surfaces, as we saw with the no slip, could be an interface between fluids, it could be an inlet or accept. So we have a lot of different types of boundary conditions, and we need to know the conditions of those boundary conditions. So within this course, for the most part, what we will be doing is we will definitely be looking at the continuity equation in conservation of mass. Conservation of momentum, that's another one that we'll be spending a lot of time on. We'll spend a little bit of time looking at conservation of energy as well for non-isothermal flows. And finally we won't really spend a lot of time with the equation of state, a little bit with fluid statics, but not much. And we will look a little bit at the boundary conditions, and consequently in this course, the main areas where we'll be focusing our efforts, boundary conditions will come in. We mainly look at continuity, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy. So those are the basic equations that we will be using within fluid mechanics. Now, sometimes it can be confusing for a student starting in fluid mechanics, because there are a lot of different definitions and terms and different types of flows that you'll hear people talk about. So what I want to do now is I want to sketch out something that was sketched to me when I was a student taking fluid mechanics, and I found this very helpful. And it's referred to as being the big picture. So how does this all kind of fit together? And so in a way, it's kind of a mind map or knowledge map of how the different areas of fluid mechanics stick together or couple together. So if you recall, we talked about continuum fluid mechanics. So that's what we're looking at. And that's where we assume that the spatial dimensions that we're looking at were not on the order of the mean free path of the molecules. So it's not a rarefied gas or flow that we're looking at. We can assume the density is constant for the size of the units that we're looking at usually. And then within continuum fluid mechanics, we have two divisions. One is inviscid flow. You'll sometimes hear about ideal aerodynamics or inviscid. This is a branch of fluid mechanics that was developed. It's kind of a mathematical construct, but it was developed long ago by the mathematicians that were studying fluid mechanics. What they did is they decided to neglect viscosity in order to simplify the equations. On the other side would be the branch where viscosity is important, and that would be viscous flows. And so those are two separate areas. And these both fall under continuum mechanics or continuum fluid mechanics, I should say. And then within viscous, viscous flows can have two different states. You can, depending upon the velocity or the conditions of the flow, and one state is laminar and the other one is turbulent. And we'll look at a number, the Reynolds number, which basically determines where we are within the flow domain if we're either in the laminar state or the turbulent state. And you can also be in transitional, but we really won't get into the transitional flows in this course, but transitional would be between the two of them. Consequently, viscous flow can be laminar or turbulent for the same boundary conditions. So it's non-unique in a way. You can have two solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations. And then under that, as we go down, what we can have, and this is where basically our inviscid flow and viscous kind of come together. And so they can merge up again under here. And down under here we can then have further subsets. And so one of these is if the flow is compressible or you can have incompressible. And we use the Mach number in order to determine whether or not we have compressible or incompressible flow. Mach number is ratio of the speed of the fluid to the speed of sound in that fluid. And typically the rule of thumb is if the Mach number is greater than 0.3, you would say it's compressible. If Mach number is less than 0.3, then it is incompressible. And if we recall from an earlier lecture, we said del dot v is equal to zero would be the thing that would tell you whether or not it's incompressible or not. And then on the other side here, what we can have is we can have internal. So internal flows would be, for example, flow within a pipe, within a channel, or we can have external flows. So external flow would be the flow around a baseball or around an aircraft, for example. So we have internal and external flows. And then these again kind of fall under here. So those are all of the different types of flows that we can have and situations that we can investigate. And on top of all of that, this could either be steady. So remember for steady, we said partial with respect to t would be equal to zero for the terms. It could be unsteady and unsteady gets a little more interesting, a little more complex. So you could have an unsteady flow and this could be for a gas like air, nitrogen, helium, or it could be for a liquid. And with that, we'd be looking at water, oil, anything like that. Typically, however, what we're going to do, we're only going to look at Newtonian fluids, which we talked about earlier with the relationship. We won't be looking at non-Newtonian fluids in this course. So that's kind of the big picture, how everything fits together. And hopefully that helps. You can also refer back to this as we go on and talk about different types of fluid flows and how we would approach analyzing them. Inviscerate flow, that would be ideal potential flow. And we'll touch on that a little bit in the course, not a whole lot. Sometimes that's also ideal aerodynamics. Those are different ways of referring to the same thing. So that's the big picture of fluid mechanics. We'll continue on now.