We're getting ready to get started, hopefully a few more folks will join in. Thank you so much for taking time of your evening to lead to hear about our project that we are very excited to present for your community. My name is Lisette, I work for the transportation and public works department, specifically the capital delivery division and I'm the program manager for the mobility infrastructure team. We want to present today about an intersection improvement project that was chosen as part of the team one program for your community. And Derek White is the project manager and he will be presenting here shortly. We also have Jeffrey Allen, who's our public communication specialist. And he's making sure that we don't have any technological issues. Also, please be aware that this meeting will be recorded and it will be available for public viewing. Jeff can provide those details at the end of the meeting. If you please write your questions on the chat, I will try to answer those questions as Derek is moving to the presentation or at the end of the presentation. With all that Derek, would you take it away? We'll do listen. Thank you for that kind introduction. This meeting is the community meeting for Northdale street at Las Vegas trails, which is the intersection improvement project is city project number. 10 1591 is within the city council district number 3. And council member Brian bird is is is the council member. This is Mr bird. Here does he wants to give give a brief introduction. Our discussion before we get started with the rest of the presentation. If not, we can continue. So my name is Derek white. Like I said, said, I'm the senior project manager on this project. So I'm in charge of. Making sure this project keeps. I'm in the transportation, public worst department, capital delivery division. So, with that, let's get started with the agenda. Let's get started with the agenda. Go. So, on the agenda on the background, just going to discuss briefly on the project change information. We're going to, we're going to look at the location of the project. We're going to discuss some of the existing site conditions. At the project site. Also, I'm going to touch briefly on the intersection control evaluation that we asked our consultant. To, to, to come to put together during the conceptual design of this project. And I'm going to briefly discuss some intersection types and give their comparisons. And with, with the information that we receive from the consultant, we're going to look at the proposed improvements. So we're talking a little bit about that. We're going to look at the benefits of this improvement as well as the construction schedule. So on. On May 5, 2018, voters considered proposition. Which included intersection improvement. So, and then city council adopting appropriation ordinance. To allocate budgets to, to projects of the fund program. So this project was identified. With other intersections throughout the city and in the 2018 bond. Program and specifically for this intersection for intersection improvements. This was to enhance the traffic and pedestrian safety. By reconstructing intersections and installing. So it's fair to say that this location, the project is located. Between midway, maybe between 30. And it's East of. So what this area of photograph shows. It shows the existing conditions. And as you can see, this is controlled intersection with stop signs. And loss of faith is trail. On the north side is a four lane divided roadway and on the south. There's five, five lanes on the south. And normally they'll actually go to the intersection. Two lanes on the south. But as you can see, there's no, there's no crosswalks, there's no ramps, there's no. Accessibility for pedestrians, which creates an unsafe condition condition. So during the conceptual stage of the project city staff. As the consultant to develop a intersection control. Which is pretty much what we call ice. And this ice report compares the existing intersection. With a proposal to signal lies intersection. What, in addition, it compares a proposed roundabout section. So it compares all. All these three scenarios. And the highest report is a data driven performance based report that pretty much evaluates alternative. Alternative designs of intersections and accepted geometry and prepares the geometry, as well as the control solutions. And the result of the ice report. Is that the ground about was determined to be the preferred alternative. So, compared to other alternatives, it provided efficient operations. It provided and has safety. From a vehicle and. That's your standpoint. And also, right. The lowest life cycle calls compared to. To, to the alternative. So, looking at the different types of intersections so comparing. Comparing that to different intersections, the traffic signal. Intersection type is pretty much has higher conflicts. So there's, there's several conflict points. That involves vehicles that involves veterans that can be an issue. That can be an indication of unsafe, can be unsafe condition. With all those conflict points, you can have accidents of fatalities. You're pretty much waiting in line with a signal. Our traffic type intersection. Also, this involves a user of control devices to, to ensure the safety of the intersection, which involves spending quite a bit of money. For infrastructure, but compared to a roundabout, there's conflict points. And, and this, these conflict points can be compared to a traffic signal that can decrease up to 75% of conflict points. So, this is, this is an indication that roundabouts are safer. Then traffic signals. And also there's hard, you hardly wait going through a roundabout so the operations would be improved. It's also environmentally friendly because the carbon dioxide emissions throughout the atmosphere is reduced. And there's no control devices so. You're not really spending money in order to make the intersection more, more safe. Your control is actually other drivers. You have to control how other, you know, watch out for other drivers. So, there's really no additional infrastructure that is needed in order to, to control vehicles through the intersection. So, with the result of the, of the, of the, of the alternative, our design consultant came up or developed a design schematic of the proposed improvements. And you can see in this slide, this is schematic over or superimposed over an area that shows how the, how the geometry is going to look after construction. And what you see here on Las Vegas trail, there's a bypass lane is going northbound and going into the interest and going into the roundabout. The geometry here is designed at low speeds. So, so is when you're driving, when you're driving through the intersection, you might feel like you're driving through a school zone, if you want to compare that. And around the intersection. See, we have sidewalk pads for pedestrians. We have crosswalks and ramps. And in the, at each island, we have refuge areas for pedestrians.  And to refuge yourself or protect yourself because, you know, you don't want to try to cross from one end to the next, you know, in one go. So you have, you have some room to to where you can be safe as a pedestrian. So to summarize this intersection is going to be a complete reconstruction to the roundabout intersection to a roundabout intersection. So install a new accessible pads and ramps and crosswalks. We're going to modify the existing sidewalks to conform to the regulations. And I forgot to mention here, we're going to have a left turn lane. It's going to be dedicated or it's going to be a left turn only lane that's going to that's going to go into these on the northbound of Las Vegas, Northbound. Lanes or North, Las Vegas into the gas station. So you can. And also, there's an additional component of this project, which is public art, which is was allocated for 20, 20, 2018 bonds. And what's going to be part of it was selected for public art. So it's going to enhance the character of the neighborhood with public art at the center of the roundabout. And the estimated construction costs is around 2.2.2 million dollars. So that with the roundabout there's certain benefits like I said there's going to improve the mobility and safety of pedestrians. And that's because we're going to add some some crosswalks, we're going to add some refuge areas and the medians. And we're going to ask some of some walking paths like so, like, like sidewalks and and also some ramps for for ADA to be ADA compliant. And then also it's going to have enhanced driver safety. So remember, I said, it's going to be those conflict point vehicles and pedestrians. So it's going to have increased potential of conflicts compared to traffic signal. And it's going to improve the intersection operations. So it's going to be environmental friendly because there's no stopping go. And it's pretty much hardly awaits. So it's going to improve the environment with decreased with decreased amount of carbon dioxide emissions into the into the atmosphere. And it's also going to improve the traffic operations. There's not going to be too much stopping go or waiting. The neighborhood is going to be enhanced by public art. So that's a that's a big benefit. And, and, and for the schedule, right now we're working at 60% design. So we're at the 60% stage, the construction plans to start a winter 2021. The estimation, the estimated duration of the project is about 10 months or less. So, with that, that concludes my presentation. If you have any questions or concerns. You can, you can email me or you can give me a, give me a call. I'll be happy to talk to you. So with that, I'll be happy to answer any questions. I have. Yeah, go ahead. I didn't see any questions in the chat, but you're welcome to unmute and ask questions. Okay. What order do you want us to do it in? Jeff, do you want to help with that? Can you hear me? We can hear you. You can go ahead and go first. Everyone else is muted at the moment. So feel free to ask your question. Well, I have several. Are you having to take over any property from either retail or residential to expand this roundabout or will it fit into the current footprint? Yes, it fits into the current footprint. We're not really acquiring it right away. Okay. We are improving some sidewalks. So we're happy to, to determine whether we need some temporary construction easement. Is it possible that we will need some temporary construction easements to do the reconstruction or to redo the sidewalks? But other than that, we won't need to acquire it. Well, that's good. Do you see a problem with emergency vehicles, which use that intersection a lot with people being able to get out of the way of an emergency vehicle, say the fire trucks? Well, yeah, there's, there's a, there's, there should be an issue. I really don't have experience whether vehicles cause an issue or emergency vehicles cause an issue. But there's in the center of the roundabout, there's a an emergency apron where there's an apron where emergency vehicles or vehicles can pull up closer into the center of the roundabout and try to get out of the way. So we have, we have that. Good to know. How about the city buses? Will they have any help navigating that? No, no, I don't, I don't, no, I don't believe so because when the geometry of the roundabout is run like what we call a truck temple is turning out about to make sure that they're they clear certain, you know, tires clear certain curve line. So, so I don't anticipate that buses. And so the geometry of the roundabout is dictated by the design what we call. And so we take into account the type of road that Las Vegas really is and the kind of traffic that he has so we know that that you have emergency, you know, vehicles and buses, you know, public buses, cool buses, etc. So that's what it takes the size of the roundabout. So, and the apron is pretty large also so the apron and it's there with the purpose of for you for it to be manageable. So all these large vehicles can navigate the roundabout with a problem. That's good to hear. Last question. This will be a huge change for this neighborhood. Will there be some form of tutorial or information given to the residents to prepare them of how to navigate this? We certainly will have one more, at least one more meeting that we will will have before we even attempted to construction and maybe at that point, maybe we can have in person meetings. We have videos, we have materials. You know, we recently completed the construction of a roundabout on the east side of the city and we already shot a video of it so people can actually see, you know, how it's operating right here in the city of Fort Worth. So we have a lot of materials available. It's just a matter of making them accessible so the residents will actually like, like, like use them or look at them. Yeah, yeah. I wonder if perhaps through the public school system. They could also send that information to the families and the parents to make sure that. Absolutely, absolutely navigated because it's going to be very confusing. I'm sure for a lot of people. We can certainly contact Western Hills. You know, both the elementary and the high school that are just on the street and provide materials or, or maybe if they have a meeting, an in person meeting later, you know, this fall with the parents, you know, the PTO, you know, maybe we can request to attend to be there. The reason that this intersection was prioritized pretty high is because of. How confusing it is the way it is right now with me. Yeah, I've been down here for 50 years. I know how confusing. So, so I think that. I think the random, but it's going to be a big improvement, but people are a little, you know, we understand that when the people, you know, it's a new thing, but. But we just constructed one in the on the east side of the city and we shot a video of it and operations and it's working really well. So. We have a lot of materials like handouts and. And information to, to, to provide to the residents and we hope to come back and talk to you guys at least at least 1 more time. If not twice. Excellent. Thank you. Somebody else's turn. We've had a few questions coming in through the chat as well. I see. At least 3. Yes. So, let's just go through the chat. You said the sidewalks will be done. Does I mean, of course, my moving to our yards. No, the sidewalks. Some of the sidewalks are buckling. And they don't meet actually when we were doing our constructability walk through. A lady came on a wheelchair and had to navigate a section of the sidewalk that was had buckle and raise and. It was a trip hazard. So, we will be reconstructing this sidewalks where they are. And the curves will not moving to your yards actually with the geometry of the roundabout the curves will be. Actually, moving away from the yards in some areas. So, like Derek said, we will not need to get additional right away for the project. And the public right away is from the back of the curb to about 10 feet into. A person's yard. So there's a space that is called the parkway, which is the public right away. So we will not be. Acquiring any additional right away or. You know, making that space smaller. It says. We will lose any of our trees. So we walk when we walk the site. We identify a couple of. I will say, maybe crit models or, or, or some of those bushes that are kind of like on the. By, by that, that it's like a, I don't know if it's a home. It looks like. Maybe like a, like an apartment manager office or of some area that a couple of those for site distance will have to be removed, but not major trees, not a big trees in front of the residence. Pedestrian currently what diagonal across the intersection from the apartment complex. As a roundabout with the cars, no stats, will there be a signage or something to discourage people from. So the, so the advantage of the, the, the, the runabout is that there's traffic only moving in 1 direction all the way across around about the traffic is 1 way. Okay, so he's always moving in the same direction. So the petition has a lot less cars to worry about.  What we find is that with, with the, with the, with the circulatory movement and the slower speeds. The drivers have more time to actually watch for the pedestrians and yield to the pedestrians. There will be signs. There will be pedestrian signs. And then if there's an issue, we can certainly add additional warning devices if there's a problem. But originally or initially will install all the warning pedestrian signs, the crossing signs, the advanced warning signs. There'll be also warning signs with the advisory speeds of, I think it's 15 miles an hour or 15. I think it's right about 15 miles an hour ahead. And that, and with the slowest speeds, everybody's more aware of what's happening at the intersection. So it gives, it gives a better order and it allows for the pedestrians also to not have to look for cars in so many directions. So we have about 25 roundabouts in the ground. And we just did a study, a safety study of all of them and could not find 1, 1 accident in the last 2 years that involved a pedestrian. So our experience so far has been that no pedestrians have been struck at 1 of our roundabouts at this time. We're allowed to park on the street with that change. There will not be, you will not be able to park within the circulatory roadway itself. So you could park after that point, but in the circulatory roadway, I don't believe that that you will be able to park on the street. I have a circle drive that has a center tree in the middle. Yes, we're not touching your, your Cedar tree. And, and we have, we have more detailed plans that we're more than welcome to made available to you. So you can actually see. The geometry, you know, Derek had an exhibit, but we have more detailed plans that show exactly, you know, where the curves and how the intersection is laid out in relation to your yard. So we can make that available if you guys would like to see that. That's all I see in the chat. I guess, can I ask your question? Absolutely. I fully support the roundabout. I think this is a great location to clean up this very weird intersection that was modified a number of years ago. My only concern is Choctaw Trail. That's one of the collector streets that goes into the Western Hills neighborhood. And it appears that you're cutting off access from South Canada and Las Vegas Trail. And, you know, to Choctaw both in and out. I think that the, the hooded left is nice for the gas station, but I really think that a hooded left would be more important to the neighborhood. Yes, so I believe that. I believe that we evaluated that and maybe Derek has a little bit more detailed information about that. Because I don't know the specifics of the access for the street. So many to the roundabout, but it appears that the southern. Medium south of the roundabout would actually have room for a left turn lane to allow some stacking to go into the neighborhood on Choctaw. Yes, so that was a request by the transportation management. So city staff within TPW requested to. To only put this as you can see this left turn hooded or this left hooded. And I think it's because it's, it's near this intersection, this, this, this opening right here is near the intersection. And I think they wanted to improve. This J, are you online or. Yeah, yeah, Derek, I'm here. Can you hear me? Okay. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yeah, good you. Yeah, can you share some light on on the reason on reasoning on this left turn on this left. Yeah, certainly. So this was a conversation that was had with the city's traffic management group. And by the way, my name is Javan, I'm a consultant working on behalf of. GEI, who are the prime consultants on this project working on with the city. Yeah, early on the project we looked at a series of alternatives related to the that Choctaw trail. Some of the considerations where it does have some access points out of that same neighborhood along Las Vegas trail to the north and the south.  I believe the decision was made that there wasn't quite enough space from the intersection from the roundabout to Choctaw trail to keep that as a full access. Meeting opening like it is today since Las Vegas trails more of a continuous more north south roadway currently how it exists today. So that was I believe the decision was made then to really only allow that hooded left turn for the northbound movement into the gas station side. At that point. And I believe to now now I'm getting a little bit more memory. My memory is coming back. I believe is because with the distance that is required to provide your deceleration lane and your storage lane from the roundabout going downstream. I think that now in the we have a new access management policy that was adopted by city council last year. And and so I believe that that that's a minimum of like. 500 to 800 feet or something like that. So, I think that's why we just didn't have enough distance, you know, from the roundabout to the right way to provide and meet those. Those requirements for the left turn storage lanes and the median openings, but we can certainly provide that that those details to you. So, you know, what that that came from. And then the. You know, sometimes we try to maintain access at all possible. You know, we're reconfiguring, you know, projects, but we also are trying to take into account safety and we don't want traffic to be stacking into the roundabout because then it will.  That's not good so. But yeah, we certainly can provide you the details about. That and and have more information provided. Thank you, Jay. I didn't know you were on the line. Yeah, sure thing. And if I can go back maybe and your 1st question that you had tonight there that we have conducted some research this year nationwide in July of 2020 related to 1st responders at roundabouts. We're actually presenting those results next week on Thursday during the federal highway administration's national roundabout week. And an interesting thing that we received and the feedback from from that national research project was that a majority of 1st responders said they actually prefer roundabouts over traffic signals and stop controlled intersections. And there's really a variety of reasons. One of them was that it does slow vehicle speed and make the intersection safer. But also when you think about a traditional traffic signal, you tend to get that that queuing where vehicles are stopped at a red light and the fire truck drivers trying to weave their way through. You know, all those vehicles that are stopped at a red light every once in a while to get a signalized intersection. And then once they're in the intersection, they have to worry about those vehicles that are traveling perpendicular to them. Say it's 3540 45 mile power speeds or higher. And that brings a lot of stress on those truck drivers, those fire truck drivers not knowing during a code 3 response. If the people are going to actually stop that are going the the opposite direction of them or perpendicular to them. And there's other reasons too, but we'll be publishing those results later later next month. So the public will be able to see those as well. But yeah, that is some some current research that was just conducted this year. Excellent. Thank you for that. Has the artist been selected for the public art? So the public art component, it's actually managed by the public, the public arts council. And I believe that that they identify. Public art is like 2% of whatever the cost of the project is. And so they manage, you know, they're managing that project separate from ours. They're just trying to coordinate with our schedule and we're trying to also make sure that that if we need to provide, you know, certain things. So whenever they come with their art, you know, if they want to let their art and things like that that we're providing like power sources and stuff like that. So whenever they come, it is an easy transition for them to install their art. They're in the very early stages of selecting an artist. So I think that we met with them the week before last, I think. So they're in the very early planning stages of the public art component and I'm sure that they're also are going to be having public meetings as well. Maybe they need to install a 360 degree camera and that art. You know, we can, we can all just hope. Okay, I don't see additional questions on the on the chat. You guys having great. Thank you so much for spending some of your evening with us. We do have three people who have called in so they won't have access to the chat. So I'm going to unmute them. Okay. In case they would like to ask a question. I'm going to do it one at a time. So we're just going to work my way down the list. So if your phone number ends in 04, I'm going to unmute you. If you have any questions, you feel free to ask. I don't hear anything. I'm going to go down to your phone number ends in five to your unmuted now. Yes, I was just wondering how the traffic would be handled during this construction. You know, that's the main third affair to get from over to the pharmacies and all that. I have a very good question. So we have not finalized the traffic control plan yet, but the roundabout gets built in stages. So it gets built in sections, you know, we try to do like a quarters at a time. So to maintain, you know, traffic, you know, flow during the construction. So because there's schools nearby, we will have a restriction, you know, during the morning peak and then, you know, by before dismissal.  And the residents, like with message boards, if we're going to have like intermittent lane closures. So sometimes we might have to close, you know, certain lanes for a small amount of time or a short amount of time. Or for a phase, but we won't be shutting the intersection completely. So we will sometimes that requires that we construct or add additional temporary pavement. So we can make sure that we maintain that two way, you know, traffic, you know, through the intersection, but which makes it a little bit more costly and takes a little bit longer to build. But we will be communicating with the residents and with all the agencies on the project. And we will be using message boards, electronic message boards on Las Vegas trail and Normandale to make sure that everybody's aware at least seven days in advance of the traffic changes. They're really probably getting our driveways. We have to maintain access to your property at all times. So we'll have to we'll have to coordinate that sometimes. You know, we can if we can do half of the drive at a time, we can if we have to, you know, work with the property owner and do and do highly strength concrete that can be poor and open, you know, within a day. You know, we'll have we'll have some techniques and and some strategies, but we have to maintain access to your property.  Thanks. So we will not be doing that. Okay, there's there's one more caller. I'm going to unmute if you're call if your phone number ends in eight seven, I'm going to unmute you as well in case you have any question. I don't hear them. I don't hear anything. I think we're okay. I think that we cover all the questions in the chat. Oh, there's a comment. Thank you for the presentation. I thought about using this intersection because it's such a mess. I think I want to have a much better idea than intersection with traffic lights. Thank you so much. We don't we don't get comments like that ever. Right. Yeah. And there's another comment by Tina Shaw. She was asking about the schedule. Yes. The construction, the construction start schedule. It didn't winter 2020. We're there. 20 or 21. 2021. We are. Yes, so. Yeah, we're about a year away because we're at 60% with design. And then it's a good thing that we don't have to acquire right away because that's one of the longer lead things that that drags our schedules. But we have to do utility. We have some utilities that will have to be relocated. And so we just began that process of coordinating with all the utilities to identify and then they'll have to design the relocation and I'll have to. Do their construction to relocate the utilities, et cetera, for us to be able to get to begin construction. So those activities. They're the longest lead time, the utility coordination and the right away acquisition. So. We probably will be getting to final design.  You know, it takes, it takes a month to advertise and then it takes several months to award a construction contract and we have to have a couple of more public meetings. To let the public know the progress and before construction. So. I know it seems like a long time, but this, this year has gone by so fast. I'm sure that before we know it will blink and it'll be September next year. We really do appreciate you. Welcome. We were very proud of this project. And I think that it's going to be a huge improvement because it's going to, as you guys are aware. There's, there's a lot of not very. Good activity open down Las Vegas sometimes and, you know, nobody's going to be able to try to get away from doing something they're not supposed to, you know. At 50 miles an hour low upon that Las Vegas, everybody's going to slow them down. So it's going to be very good. I think for the neighborhood and with the public art component, especially if it's lit. It's going to be like a really good way to showcase the neighborhood. Something positive for the neighborhood. So I think it's going to be a good, good project. Any other questions, comments. Derek, Derek posted his information. So he's both his email and his phone. And he's, he's available to talk to you guys or respond to your emails or any time we're working remotely, but we're working like we're working in our building. So you can always reach out to him and we'll provide you. He can, if you email him, he can provide you with a specific detail of the plans that shows that your yards and your trees are not getting impacted. His information is also on the mailer that was sent out. So if, if you're on the phone and can't see the screen, if you got the mailer about the meeting, his, his email and phone number is also on that. Thank you, Jeff. What? Okay. I got one more question on the chat box. What is the public art concept going to consist of we do not know. Because the, like I mentioned earlier, we met with the public art folks a couple of weeks ago to try to find out if they had an idea. And they still are in the very early planning stages. So the 1st thing that they have to do is that they have to go to the Publix, our council to get the project. Approve for them to hire an artist and then they'll do. You know, they'll do a call for, for, for submissions from different artists and then they'll select an artist. And then once they select the artist, then they'll work with that artist to determine and they will be having public meetings also. Please. That's a separate project from ours, but there will also be reaching out to the community for input and to present the public art concept as well. So, I'm sure that as soon as they return on artists, and they start the, you know, they start actually planning the public art component that you guys are also going to be contacted. And they will come talk to you guys as well. How will this stop course from running into my house. Well, the roundabout geometry, it is, it is constructed with the intent. It's a physical is a physical element. That forces cars to drive at slow speeds. So, where the run about the vehicles are approaching the run about. The geometry, the curvature on the road. It forces them to slow down. I mean, it just, it just the road just actually makes them to slow down. So the entry approach speeds are less than 25 miles an hour, because that's, that's what the geometry is going to do. Now, if someone is, you know, driving under the influence or something and, you know, they're not aware of what they're doing or paying attention or something then that can happen at any intersection. You know, but at the roundabout, you have that, that, that enforcement with the roadway configuration that just forces traffic. To, to slow down when they're entering the intersection. So, I cannot. Like, like I said, we have videos that we have. We have videos that we have shot or some of our roundabouts hearing for word that that show has the traffic, you know, flows and how they navigate the roundabout. And we're more, we're more than welcome to share that, but. What we, Jay, did you want to add additional information about our safety study? And then just to add to what you said to, we also sign the advances of the roundabout for motorists to slow down to 15 miles per hour. Using advanced advisory speed signs. So, along with the geometry of the roadway, we're also alerting motorists to slow their vehicle speed to 15 miles per hour. To safely go through the roundabout itself. But as was mentioned, we did do a safety study in Fort Worth where we gathered data from nine of Fort Worth's multi-lane roundabouts across the city. And the safety numbers or crash data was pulled from the years 2016 to 2018 to three years worth of data. When we got all that information and we analyzed it, and then we compared the safety data in Fort Worth to what we have as far as national crash models for roundabouts. And the results came out where Fort Worth's multi-lane roundabouts are actually operating about 20% safer than the national average for similar types of roundabouts throughout the country. Currently, we're over 7,000 roundabouts that have been built in the United States in the last 25 years, just to kind of get perspective. So, nine of the 7,000 you could say we're studied here locally in Fort Worth and then compared back to national averages for safety. And I heard Lucette mention before, but I'll reiterate for some folks that might not have been on the call initially is that we didn't have a single pedestrian fatality or serious injury or really any reported crash at any of the roundabouts. So, nine roundabouts over a three-year span. So, essentially 27 years of roundabout data, there were no reported crashes with pedestrians involved, which was a very positive sign as well. I have a question. If we have a neighbor that decides they're interested in this, is this a recording so that they could actually view it or listen to it? Yes. Yes, the meeting is being recorded and Jeff can go into the details on that. I have another question on the chat box. How will this roundabout comparing size to the one in Clear Fork? I don't know the size. Clear for Jay, did you remember the size of the one on Clear Fork? That's one of the very early ones that was built. It's a two-lane roundabout. Yeah, it's the larger. Yeah, this diameter I guess just to give a little bit of perspective on the size is right about 140 feet in diameter. And so I think the question is probably the Clear Fork main over there. Just I guess probably east, southeast of the project where it would be over south of I-30. If memory serves me right, that is a, I guess what we call a two-by-one roundabout more or less, two-lane circulating in the intersection. That size is right around 170 feet in diameter at Clear Fork main. So this diameter of this roundabout will actually be about 30 feet less than the roundabout over there at Clear Fork. But this does have a two-lane free ride going north on Las Vegas Trail. It's got, I believe, two-lane on the southbound, but one, I believe we're circulating only one around the roundabout, right Jay? Yeah, that is correct. As a northbound motorist approaches the roundabout on Las Vegas Trail, they will actually use that bypass lane to keep going on Las Vegas Trail. And then the other lane will go into the roundabout for those folks that are trying to make a U-turn, a left turn, or a through movement. The through movement continue in northwest on North Normandale Street. But that is correct. There is a single lane. That's what we call a free flow movement. So essentially the people that want to stay on Las Vegas Trail and head north will make that movement in that lane. It's really outside. Thanks, Jay. Will I lose the grass area where the flags are now? Okay, so the flags that you see now is because we're doing a service utility exploration. So basically we're just trying to locate what the utilities are. And so you shouldn't lose your grass. And anything that we just start with the project, grass or we'll restore to the same condition that it was before or better. But I believe that the flags that are there now is just my consultant trying to gather some service utility engineering data on the utilities. Can you put the picture up again, Derek? It's there. Oh, awesome. I was looking at the chat box and didn't realize that the picture was back. Sorry about that. So this one is an exhibit, which doesn't really like give you like a lot of detail, but we actually have a plan layout. I wish that was easily handy, but we can certainly provide that as well. To answer the question about the recording. Yes, it's we are. It is recording. I haven't stopped it yet. It will eventually go up on our city's YouTube page. And when we have a project page for this on our website, it will be available there as well. The project does not currently have one because we're we're in the middle of updating our website. And it's going to be another couple of weeks before I can get another project placed. But it will be there eventually as well. Another question on the chat box. I live on North Normando Street and the city said that we're installing networks on the street. Do you know if that's still going to happen? We can certainly follow up with our either with our neighborhood groups or with the safety group and see and get and follow up, you know, get some information about that. Any more questions? Mr. White. You have anything you want to add? You want to add anything else you want to add? I think that's it until next time. Right before we go to construction. Okay. Okay. Well, if that's all we have, we want to thank you again for your time today. Please don't hesitate to reach out to us. To Derek and Derek, I'm always available also so and we can provide as much information as you guys need to answer all your questions. So with all with that, you know, I'm ready to close Jeff.


Let's talk about a few important groups and some important group classifications. So one very, very, very, very important set of groups is known as glnr. What does that mean? Well, let's take the part gl is shorthand for general linear, and that doesn't really mean a whole lot, until you know that n refers to the fact that we're dealing with n by n matrices. And in fact, we can go a little bit farther. This r means that the entries of those n by n matrices are real. So this is a group that's based on n by n real matrices. And well, that's a set. In order for glnr to be a group, we need to make sure that we have some sort of defined operation. And in this particular case, we're going to use the operation of matrix multiplication. We need an identity. Well, we'll leave that as an exercise for the viewer. We also need to make sure that we're dealing with a set where all of our inverses are included. And so that means glnr has to include only those matrices that are invertible. And here's a quick review from linear algebra. Make sure that you can determine whether a matrix is invertible. What do you look at? Now, the glnr groups are useful because we know that matrix multiplication is not in general commutative. And again, as a reminder in general for a group, you cannot assume that the group operation is commutative. You cannot assume that A star B is the same as B star A. Again, it is one of the most common mistakes in proofs and abstract algebras to assume commutativity when it doesn't exist. Now, in very, very, very, very, very, very rare cases, we do actually have this commutativity that if I pick two elements in the group, A star B and B star A are going to be the same. Importantly, this is for any two elements of the group. Some group elements will commute. The identity commutes with everything. The inverse commutes with whatever it's the inverse of. But in general, if I pick two arbitrary elements of a group, I can't guarantee commutativity. On the other hand, I may actually have a group in a very, very, very rare case. I may actually have a group where commutativity exists, in which case I have this type of group, which is named after a Norwegian mathematician by this name. Now, the name of the mathematician is Nils Henrik Abel. But everybody calls these Abelian groups. And just a historical footnote, you might notice here, Abel didn't live that long. And this is actually true for many of the chief founders of abstract algebra. Abstract algebra is hazardous to your health. Well, that's not really true. Most of those who developed abstract algebra lived long, healthy, happy, and productive lives. Abel and a few others died at extremely young ages. And of course, here is an important thing to know as a mathematician. Here's an obligatory math joke. What's purple and commutes? That would be an Abelian group. All right, so let's talk a little bit more about these Abelian groups. Is GL2R an Abelian group? And if not, we want to find a subset that's Abelian. So first of all, GL2R is a group. Prove it. Make sure that you can prove it. So we only need to determine whether or not it's an Abelian group. And what that means is we want to determine whether it is true for any elements A and B, that A times B is the same as B times A. And we'll start off with a bad proof. Here's a bad proof that it's Abelian. So I'll pick two matrices. This is two by two matrices with real entries. We'll have about this matrix and this matrix. I'll multiply them together this way, and I'll get this product. And then I'll switch the order of multiplication. So I'll switch that order. And I end up with, lo and behold, it's the same product. And so now I have a proof that A times B is the same as B times A. Well, this is actually a bad proof. And we might go into some detail about why it's a bad proof. Proves in general should give us general results, not specific ones. All we've actually proven here is that this matrix times this matrix gives us the same results, no matter which way we multiply them. However, a bad proof can still be useful if it gives us some insight. And the most important thing here is that if you want to start off with an example, don't end there. And so here I might take a look at a different example. What if I change the matrices? So here I have this matrix times this matrix. I run the matrix multiplication and I get that. If I swap the order, I get, oh wait, that's not the same thing. And so that tells me that A times B is not equal to B times A. Now you might wonder why we can use this example to prove this statement. And the reason is that when I make this claim, I'm saying that there is some matrix A and B where the commutativity does not hold. If I claim they're equal, then I'm saying that for any matrix the product is the same. If I claim they're unequal, all I'm saying is that I can find at least one matrix for which this is not true. And because we can do that, we can say that our group GL2R is not abelian. Now it's helpful to start with an example, but here's the important idea. You should try as hard as possible to find something that disproves your claim. And the reason you want to do that is that if you don't, someone else will. Now we do have this problem. We do want to find a subset of GL2R that is an abelian group. And again, here's where it's useful. We actually found an example that does commute. So we started out with these two matrices and found that the product of these two matrices is the same regardless of the order that we multiplied them in. And so we might want to look closely at this example where we do have commutativity and compare it to this example where we don't. And the one striking feature about the two examples is that in the case where we did have commutativity, our matrices had a further special property, they were diagonal matrices. So it appears that a diagonal matrix times another diagonal matrix is going to give you the same result regardless of the order that you do it in. Well unless you're a politician, you're not going to generalize from one example. So if you're a person who deals with facts and evidence, you might want to look for other examples where this is true. So let's find a couple of diagonal matrices and multiply them and swap the order and I get the same result. And maybe here's another pair of diagonal matrices and I multiply them and I multiply them in the other order and again I get the same result. And again, take another pair of diagonal matrices, multiply them, get the same result either way, and it suggests that if I look at the diagonal matrices in GL2R, I do get an abelian group. But again, examples do not constitute a proof. Because we've only seen four examples, it's conceivable that I can find a pair of diagonal matrices that do not commute. On the other hand, our evidence suggests that they do in general commute, so at this point it's worth looking for a proof. Wait a minute. Now let's think about this in a bigger picture. We found a bunch of examples where we had something that seemed to be true and now we're going to look for a proof. We're not even going to try to find a proof unless you already believe something to be true. And so this raises the question, why bother with proof in the first place? And one of the important things about proof is every proof requires you to review what you know or find out what you should know. So proof is a good way to study mathematics. So in this case, we're looking at invertible 2x2 diagonal matrices. So to show that this is a abelian group, we'll take two invertible 2x2 diagonal matrices and show that the product is the same regardless of the order that we perform the multiplication. Because we want to do this in general, we're going to take two generic invertible 2x2 matrices and multiply them in both ways. So here's a generic 2x2 diagonal matrix. Well, actually here is a generic 2x2 diagonal matrix. And here's another one. And when I multiply them, I get this product. If I swap the order, I get this product. And well, since A, E, T, and F are real numbers, then A, E, and E, A are the same. D, F, and F, D are the same. So these two products are going to be the same. And so the product of the two matrices is the same regardless of the order of multiplication. And so the set of invertible diagonal matrices under matrix multiplication does give us an abelian group.


Hello there everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with the Stock Swoosh and I wanted to talk to you tonight about momentum. So a lot of people day trading, one of the reasons why I think people fail at day trading or doing options is because they take trades and they're small winners and they have big losers.  For example, someone could risk $500 and then make 100 bucks or they can make $500 and make $500. Which would you rather do? Obviously you'd rather turn your money over once. How can you do that? You've got to train specific stocks and specific days that allow for big moves and the big moves could be up or the big moves could be down, okay? So I am looking at the gap. I'm rating the gap. I do all that work in the pre-market. That is a system that I use to find to trade the direction of the gap but also I'm looking for a big move. I don't wanna play something if I don't think it's gonna have a big move. My intention is always to train a stock that has a large move. If I'm doing something, I don't wanna be bothered with it if it doesn't. If you get a large move in a stock you can make a lot of money. I don't care if you're risking one contract or 10 contracts. Same thing with equity trades, with day trades. Whether you take 100 shares or 1,000 shares you're gonna make a lot of money if you train something that moves big. I'm gonna show you this Tesla. Now we did this one. I called this in the newsletter. I have it in here. 9.48 in the morning, Friday, 8.5. I predicted Tesla would fall and drop and it did. I emailed the options people, the 900 strike and Tesla that expired 8.12. There it is, timestamp, boom. Send it out early. As you see over here, actually let's just look at where this was at. You can see here now today you could still be in the trade. Again, I think you could've got out Friday was a nice sell-out Friday but you could still be in the trade and you still be up.  So this was where I called the trade. So you can see momentum again is where big move in the case this was a putt. So the momentum was what to the downside. Did we get it? Yes, you could've taken it here, got out. And again, you could've taken it here, still been in it and got pushed down. You could've made more. You'd be up more if you were in this today. And again, you've got a several days left. Today is Tuesday. So this expires Friday but you could've didn't got out here. Fast straight. Again, it's the idea of a big move, a large move. You could've made $50 through the strike in this. That's the whole point. In fact, the low of today, if you were in it today was 838. That's beautiful, beautiful. So again, how did I predict that this would fall? This is the genius of what I do in predicting using the Golden Gap rating system, quite frankly. This is a genius in the rating system but it also, again, the whole point of this is the momentum. Let me just squish this here. Actually, let me take all of this off. So I sent this trade out. Get one more bar in there. It was, so again, I sent this trade out in the first 15 minutes or so of the day. That's where I basically sent the trade out, predicted it would drop, predicted it would go, break 900, fall, continue lower. And that's exactly what it did. So the thing is that when you're looking to train, when you're looking to train, if you can trade stocks that have big moves, you're gonna make money whether you have a small risk or big risk.  In fact, you're gonna actually have more winners and losers if you don't make enough on the winners and actually still be upside down, to be honest with you. Like you'd have to have a 99.99999% win ratio. And even then, you may still lose if you're only making a little in the winners. Like risking $500 and making 100 or risking $500 and making 50 and then taking three trades risking 500 and have free losers for $1,500. So my point is that momentum trading is where it's at. It's how as one individual you can be successful. You may have a set size in your account that you've got to look at to risk. Fine, whatever it is, 100 shares, one contract, whatever. You want a big move. I don't care if you have a small account or a big account as far as what you do as long as you're choosing quality trades and quality stock picks that are gonna have big moves. You're gonna make money if you're doing it right. The problem is people are all over the place with their choices. They literally take trades like potshots, trading blindly, having no idea why they're doing something, literally no idea at all. You're seeing that a lot of the market and that's why the market's been so choppy the last few weeks too. If you have conviction, it'll help you trade. The point of taking the class and the Golden Gap course and learning is so that you understand why I call Tesla, why this is a good gap. How did I predict it would fall? How did I know it would? You know, I mean, you could say, well, I knew it would fall because I'm psychic or you could say, no, Melissa used a system, a system, an actual concrete system that you can learn in the Golden Gap course. That makes more sense, okay, than just saying that I'm psychic. The reality is that trading is something that you can learn and grasp, but if you are constantly constantly chopping at the bit, taking trades without knowing what you're doing, and again, just losing, losing, losing, little winner, tiny winner, tiny winner, tiny winner, you're gonna start to lose conviction in the fact that you could even make money doing this at all. And it's really, it's not difficult when you know what to do.  So this is early in the morning. I'm gonna show you the daily. I predicted that this would drop. It was roughly here. Just showing you the price. At the point that I called the trade, I predicted that the stock would drop a put as a short. It would sell off, have shorts come in, that's what it did, and then it did. And this was, again, the low on Friday was 8.56 and the close was 8.64. This was a nice trade Friday. But if you still were in it, and if you stayed in it, you could have made more. Low to day was 8.38. So again, momentum is what?  The fatness in this was the big fat red bar to the downside. That's what we did a put, tip to tail, 9.13. Let's say 9.14, roughly to 8.46. You can see that's a fat bar even for something like Tessa. Take it over here. This is a green one. We didn't go long this. Again, high 8.95, low 8.37.  If you went long here, you would have made money too.  Fat reds are good. This is nothing. This is bupkiss. You're not making any money here. Do you know what I'm saying? The tiny bars aren't gonna get you the profit you need to actually get ahead and make money day over day, week over week, month over month, year over year with trading. You've gotta cover your costs, which is the losses and any other fees that you may incur. Fees with a broker, platform fees, whatever. So when someone comes to me and they explain this thing that then the other thing I'm thinking to myself, they don't know how important it is to actually learn how to find picks like Tessa before the move happens. After the move at three o'clock on Friday, this is over, people. At noon, this is over. At two o'clock in the afternoon, it's done. You missed 85% of the move. You've gotta get the move early. Again, this trade was sent out. Some are sent out in the pre-market at 7 a.m. This was sent out early, 9.48. That's early. That's super duper early, okay? 18 minutes into the open. You catch these things at the right time, timing is important for options and day trades. Timing is important for everything in life. But I will tell you that the earlier you're in, the bigger the move you're gonna capture in it, the best you can get. This is the benefit of coming and being with me, being in the room, signing up for the newsletter to know all of this ahead of time. By the time you pull it up on your scanner and see Tessa's going, you are way past the point, paying too much for the trade, not making enough. And that's what a lot of traders do. They wait till after 10 o'clock or some even till after 11 to see what the market's doing or what the bar's doing in the day, if it's red or if it's green. You know, a lot of times, things reverse. We saw that even in this the second day. This was green before it went red. So if you're waiting till later in the day and see all the bar's green and gonna go long, you lost because it's reversed. That happens a lot too, okay? You can't trade Tesla every day and expect something to happen. You can't, we don't stick on one thing a day. I look for selective gaps per the rating system, using my system to pick the picks to find the momentum. The whole point my system works so well is one, the rating system is just, it is gold. That's why I call it the golden gap. Because the rating system tells me that Tesla is a good enough gap that it will follow through and sell off and drop that we could do it in any shape, way, or form we wanna do it. We could do it as a swing trade. We could do it as a day trade. We could do it as an option. But the other thing that's genius about my system is it pin points stocks that are gonna move big. That allows you as one individual to be able to make money trading. And when people tell me that they're losing, I have, you know, again, they could be using a system that doesn't work or they could be using a system that just has a lot of losers. It doesn't matter if the moves are big or not. It just, the system just flat out doesn't work that whatever they're using. But I'm telling you, when you have big winners, it really makes a huge difference in your P&L. It makes a huge difference in your confidence in your brain when you have a bad day or a bad trade or even a bad week, you will get over it easier, much easier financially and also mentally because you know that you can do this, then you know that you can make a lot of money in a trade. And again, you know, some of the Reddit stocks that have had big moves, some people have capitalized on those, but a lot of people have lost and they haven't gone the way they wanted to. They had a one day move here or there and that's it. You shouldn't have to wait forever for a big move to happen. The idea is to get it as soon as you can. As soon as you can get it to get it. That's how you're gonna make money. You gotta turn your money over and over and over and over and over again. I emailed someone today that took a long-term option out. It wasn't a trade I call. I said, my God, you're stuck in this thing now for weeks. Why? It's, first of all, it's not moving right and second of all, the money's stuck. So in other words, if he killed it, he'd lose or he lets it play out. To do things long-term right now is probably not the best decision in reference to active trading because things have been so sloppy with the market and chopping. If you can find something that has big moves with momentum, you're gonna see that you can do this. I'm teaching people actually how to do this. It is important to learn and don't forget momentum is important.  Chances are you have no clue why you did the trade. No conviction at all. Have no business doing that trade or taking any risk. So think about what I'm saying. Momentum is extremely important when you're trading. Learning is key and having a system is key too but really train stocks that have big moves on the day that you do them. Even Tessa, while we had a beautiful bar here and today was a sizable bar as well, you need to not look at the same thing every single day because Tessa of the 200 plus trading days of year this trains is not gonna have a monster move every day. You wanna do it the days it's gonna have a big move and if you're looking at something 11, 12 or two, you're way too late, way too late. Have a great day everyone. If you're interested in learning more about my system or taking the golden gat course, email me and Melissa at thestockswish.com. Have a great day.


So, when you're travelling around Europe, you want to go to points of interest. Things like castles, villages, lakes. All those sort of things, but when you've got a science bus, why would you go to the normal places?  Here. The Fropolis. Fropolis. Fropolis. Fropolis. Let's just go inside. And here it is, a museum of giant, giant, giant engineering machines. They're our big diggers. They're even bigger diggers. There's more and more colossuses of whatever the plural of these things is. They're huge, and I absolutely love them. So, I'm going to give these to him. There he is, there he is, there he is. I'll show you how he's like this. He says, take pictures of me when I'm out. He just want pictures of you. I just want pictures of you. This is kind of my thing. Size, I don't know if it's for an engineer or just for guys in general, but size is hugely important. And things that are huge are important to me. Like this thing, I don't know if you could see, like it would have shoveled coal from the mines here. It's over 200 feet high. It's got dead diggers on the side of it, and it would have pumped coal all the way. Hold it, transport it on. There's a long, long, long conveyor belt. It trucks parts of this... I'm a little overwhelmed. I'm just going to look around.  So I have found my own tea table. But as everything else here, it's giant! So one of the other cool things about this place is they let you go on top of them. Yay! There's not necessarily any huge amount of safety here. There's avian up ahead, climbing stuff with her hat on. And we'll see that big one in a second, because that's my favorite, and I want to go see that. That's why I came here to see. But up around here, you can see everything. And oh, we're climbing a bit, needs a bit of careful attention, so I'll be back in a second. Boop! So in case you hadn't realized, I like this place. But what I've just found out from avian here, who's just sitting there looking at stuff, has told me that this is an arena. And in this arena, they have a monster truck. Monster trucks! Monster trucks. Did I do weddings? I see the amazing 70s furniture into this room. Where avian is looking at some Vilde element, or elephant, which is some old woolly mammoth. Or mammoth, I think. You can see the tusks, you can see the side of it. I need an artist's impression of what it looks like. And there's the reflection you can see my jersey in the background. All right, here. At this place. So woolly mammoth, or big elephants anyway, right beside the giant control room. This place has everything. Artist's impression, everything. 70. Oh, what's this? Oh, no way, don't you think? Oh my God, they actually do. As I know, now isn't the right time, but do you mind if we ever... No! Ah, son of a...


In this video, we are going to talk about the case study. We are going to use the handbook of practical program evaluation written by Joseph S. Holey, Harry P. Hartree, and Catherine E. Newcomer. First, what are case studies? In a general sense, a case study is like an in-depth and extended example that is used to illustrate a particular argument. However, in a more academic sense, we can define a case study as a method for developing a complete understanding of a process, program, event, or activity. So in these terms, a case study can be thought about as a way of approaching a research topic. Case studies can integrate both quantitative and qualitative information and they can do this from a variety of sources but they will tend to focus on qualitative information to give an in-depth picture of the issue being studied and the broader environment. As Holey et al. explain, case studies can be used for several purposes including defining the questions and hypothesis of a subsequent study presenting a description of an event within its context or establishing a cause and effect relationship. There are a variety of academic fields from medicine to law to media and communications that use case studies. Case studies are generally categorized in three ways, exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory. An exploratory case study is aimed at defining the questions and hypotheses of a subsequent study. For example, an exploratory case study might involve the in-depth research and analysis of the way a welfare program is successfully operated in a particular state. As a result of this case study and using the results that the researchers put forward other researchers can then use this to conduct further research on how to implement or drive new or updated welfare programs perhaps in other states. A descriptive case study presents a complete description of an event within its context. This means that the research report will be highly descriptive, nuanced, detailed and emphasize the contextual specificities of the particular example being examined. And lastly, an explanatory case study focuses on establishing cause and effect relationships explaining which causes are produced, which effects. This means that the study examines the particular outcomes generated from a set of circumstances. For example, perhaps you would like to examine whether eating before swimming has any effect and what circumstances, the timing after eating or the kind of food eating might be adding to those effects. How does one researcher put together a case study? There are four main steps for researchers to put together a case study project. First, they design the study so they know exactly what they are researching and why. This is done by developing research questions, developing a framework based on those questions and then following through. Second, one will conduct the study using a variety of methods such as research interviews, surveys and questionnaires, document analysis, historical research and other research methods that they might feel is appropriate to their process. And third, researchers must analyse the data and information they have collected and collated. Perhaps they might build a database or use a specific theoretical research tool to systematically sift through the information. Lastly, the researchers must prepare the case study report, which will include not only the findings but an outline of the context, data collection and the limitations of the case study. So there you have it, you're ready to start building your own case study. Good luck!


The next object we are going to study is called quotient spaces, all right. And there is a reason why students often have a sort of a phobia about this more than any other kind of you know operations that you do on vector spaces. The reason probably is because we try to understand or gain some familiarity with this in terms of objects that we already know. The first and the most important thing that you would do well to remember about these objects we are about to study that is quotient spaces, they are not objects that should be seen as something similar to objects in the individual vector spaces. You see when we talked about products, it is true that it was a bigger list, but you would not be faulted too much if you thought that this v1 is after all something that belongs in the vector space v1, v2 is something that comes from vector space v2. So these objects taken isolated in isolation at a time, these are objects after all that look exactly like the parent vector spaces. So we have an idea of what they look like, it is just a list, we just padding them along and stacking them up together, right, but when you go into quotient spaces or factor spaces as they are sometimes referred to, right, you have to get out of that mindset and try and understand what these objects are, what they look like, all right. Once you understand that clearly, a lot of the results will be very obvious because again the intuitions that you have about Euclidean spaces will help you, right. So with that sort of a preface, let us launch into this. So as usual, we have a vector space v and we have a subspace of the vector space which is u, right. Just go by the definitions from the very first step onwards and ask me if you have any doubts about any of the things that I am introducing, all right. So the first thing I am going to define is this, okay, already a very weird looking notation and something that we generally say you shouldn't do which is adding apples and oranges, but for want of a better notation, this is how we will represent this. This is not the common addition. This is a subspace of the vector space v, all right and this is a vector v sitting inside the vector space, big v here, all right. So what is basically being talked about here? What sort of a thing is this? First of all, is this a vector space unless v is 0, of course, because this is basically shifted versions of that subspace u, we can belong to you, we will get into that. But if it is in general not so, then this is not a vector space. What is this at best? It is a set exactly as it looks. In fact, it is called an affine set, all right.  If I just try to draw a sketch for Euclidean spaces, let's take R2 for instance is x and y and let's say my subspace is this blue line that is u, all right. And let's say this is v. So what is this set that I have just described to you going to look like? What do you think this set is going to look like here, parallel, absolutely. So okay my sketching is not too good, but yep that's what it is. So this is v plus u. So you see it's a shifted version. The first observation very importantly is there is no one unique v that allows you to define this purple line, right. So you might have chosen this v and your friend might have chosen this v hat and your friend would say hey this is not v plus u, this is v hat plus u and you could argue with your friend till Ragnarok without any conclusion. That is the sort of thing we want to prevent in mathematics, ambiguities, right. So what is it that is sort of missing in all of this? We need some structure with these objects that we are now defining because now we want to carry out some algebra with these objects, right. So this is just one set, yeah. But remember the goal is that I am going to define v, I am going to define u and then I am going to look for all possible parallel translations of u which is the subspace. This is just one parallel translation and in that one parallel translation itself you see there is quite a lot of bickering going on between v and v hat. Like you might say v is the best way to do it, so friends would say no v hat is the best way to do it. Now imagine what we are trying to deal with here is an object defined like so which is now a collection of what exactly v plus u for all possible v's that you choose from the vector space v. And this is the object we are interested in. Now if this is the object that you are interested in then what I have just described in the previous line is just a member of this, is that clear? See the overall object is this, it's a notation that's why it's called a quotient, it's a factor, it's v quotiented by u where u is a subspace of v. So if you take one particular parallel translate or a fine set or sometimes also called coset that is just this object. But what I am interested in looking at is the choice of all possible such parallel translates or cosets that are parallel to u. What is it that is so interesting and why should it interest us? Why should we be bothered with this object? Just to give you some intuition once again I will use some figures, I will draw the 2D and 3D. So suppose this is the x, y, z alright and again let's say this is u passing through the origin alright just assume it's passing through the origin I mean I can't do anything better than that other than to ask you to assume. So this is u. Now very very important suppose this u is not exactly you know just parallel to the y axis in some sense so that every time you translate this u what are you going to get? I am just going to ask you to try and imagine this scenario. You have the x, y, z plane space sorry alright and you have a plane passing through the origin and now you are translating that plane up and down or in you know any possible direction it's basically a translation. So every possible plane will cut the y axis at some point or the other. The point where the y axis perforates the parallel translate of u is a unique point right. Now if you keep doing that of course the subspace is the one that is passing through the origin but any other non subspace coset yeah they will just cut at different different points. So do you immediately realize something interesting going on? How many such parallel translates can you draw? They are exactly as many yeah infinite for sure but they are exactly corresponding to the number of points on the y axis and in fact y y axis choose any other line that perforates this plane and along that line every point corresponds to a corresponds to a fellow such as this. So this entire set is as numerous exactly containing as many members as the number of points in a straight line here's how I would like to set your thought process in motion. This u when it passes through the origin is a subspace of dimension 2 the entire ambient dimension is 3 and now if you think a little deeply about this it turns out that this fellow if it has a vector space structure we don't know that yet we have to define addition and multiplication yet but if it has a vector space structure it seems like it is one dimensional is it not? Because you see for every such parallel translate you are exactly come up with one point. So there seems to be a one to one on two correspondence with a particular straight line that is one dimensional. Now think about the second example which is again 3d let's say this time this is x this is y and this is z and now let's say this is my straight line and this is my u. So a straight line through the origin is also a subspace right. So you think a parallel translates of the straight line they are not planes they are also going to be individually looking like the straight line after all. All parallel translates of a particular object look like the object itself. So what are basically all these other parallel translates of this that is objects like these they are just you know other straight lines shifted from the origin but parallel to this straight line. So each of those parallel lines perforates a particular point on the x y axis sorry x y plane. So basically every point on the x y plane sort of corresponds to a unique object in this set which means again the theme sort of fits you have the three dimensional vector space three dimensional Euclidean space in which you have a one dimensional subspace and how numerous are the parallel translates of that one dimensional subspace you have exactly a one to one correspondence with the two dimensional subspace that is x y plane or any plane for that matter the x y plane I have again chosen for convenience just like I chose the y axis there but the point is if you are if you are already imagining this picture it seems like if you know that the overall parent spaces dimension is something and if you know that this subspace's dimension is something it seems that the dimension of this assuming it is a vector space we have not done that yet I am just trying to give you some intuition assuming this is a dimension vector space its dimension seems to be like the difference between these two seems to intuitively fall in place right but again we have a few miles to go before that we have to at least establish whether this is a vector space what is the addition if it is a vector space and so on and so forth so we have to explore certain properties but just keep this intuition in mind we will revisit this and formally prove this not just for Euclidean spaces but for general vector spaces very shortly we will do that sorry well you look at this so every point on the x y plane x y plane is two dimensional so every point on the x y plane corresponds to one member in this set so that means this set has as many objects as the number of objects in a two dimensional vector space so it should be at least as numerous there must be a isomorphism at least we expect there will be an isomorphism with a two dimensional vector space and this is a one dimensional vector space the ambient is three so three minus one two right so we can expect it to I mean it is a good guess is what I am saying again lot of things to be done here this is a very semi-formal way of approaching this as of now right yes yeah yeah yeah you have to start with a subspace u is always a subspace so these are parallel translates of a subspace which are these affine sets or these cosets right so now we will prove a very important property of these cosets or affine sets we will see that if you know this argument that we sort of motivated towards the beginning like two people coming out with two different vectors v and they eventually merge and collapse onto the same affine set so who is the better one right so it turns out it will matter not as to which way you are describing this either description goes you can as well make peace with your friend so that is the message so what is the point the point is the equivalence of these three conditions the fact that v minus w belongs to you okay let me just write that down here the following are equivalent what are these then v plus u is equal to w plus u and third v plus u intersection w plus u is not an empty set which if you interpret a little closely suggests that two affine sets are either parallel to one another or they are exactly the same as one another there is nothing else you cannot have two affine sets that have something in common but not everything in common you cannot have partial overlap either they are completely non-touching and disjoint if they are not disjoint then they must be the same right that is what this claim would apparently imply yeah I forgot to put the bracket thank you all right so how do we go about proving this okay so here's how we will go about this proof when you have these equivalent sort of proofs sometimes these are handy ways of doing it show the equivalence of instead of showing each one's equivalence to each of the other two show that this implies this this implies this and this implies this and you're done yeah it's a cycle of reasoning all right so first suppose v minus w belongs to you all right now let an object look we already know that this is a set yeah it's a set containing vectors inside the vector space v yeah so suppose v minus w is sitting inside let v hat belong to v plus u implies there exists u1 in u such that v hat is equal to u1 plus v clear that's the definition if something belongs to this objects like this it means that there is some object inside the subspace u which when added to this vector v results in the vector inside that set right but now what can we say v minus w belongs to you so what am I going to replace this with what do you think this is going to be can I not write this as u1 plus v minus w plus w why am I writing it in this weird fashion because I have to use whatever's been given to me and what's been given to me is the fact that this belongs to you so this entire object let me use a different color so this entire object then belongs to what you because this object belongs to you by my proposition here and this object obviously belongs to you as I have assumed it to so therefore this is some u hat plus w sorry so this is some u hat plus w where of course this u hat belongs to you so then this obviously belongs to what this belongs to right w plus u I started with something that belongs in v plus u and I notice that it must belong to w plus u therefore v plus u must be contained inside w plus u right can I go about it the other way anything prevents me from doing that nothing whatsoever yeah I mean just start with an object that belongs to excuse me w plus u therefore it is some w plus some u2 right and then at some point look this is after all a subspace so if this belongs to you then w minus v also belongs to you because you is closed under addition and the additive inverse of any vector inside you must also be in you right so this means basically w minus v also belongs there so it is just flipping the argument so you complete that argument to also infer that w plus u is contained inside v plus u and combining these two you have v plus u is equal to w plus u so the first one implying the second is done is there anything to prove in so far as the second one implying the third goes well that same so their intersection is either of them yeah can't be fine we are not interested in the trivial subspace right so obviously this is also done so this is done this is done the only thing that we then required to show is this this connection is what we have to establish right so how do we establish this if indeed as claim that this is a non empty therefore there is some common fellow sitting inside both of these right so there exists p such that p is equal to v plus u1 and p is equal to w plus u2 with u1 and u2 belonging to you right this is because p belongs to v plus u this is because p belongs to w plus u so what does this imply it is staring us in the face is it not so v plus u1 is equal to w plus u2 implying v minus w is equal to u2 minus u1 but what is u2 minus u1 if u1 and u2 belong to you then u2 minus u1 must also belong to this you which is really nothing but this connection so all of these three results or these three propositions are one and the same equivalent and now do you see why this implies that either two of those affine sets are either completely disjoint or they are identical to one another there is nothing in between right so this actually is good because this allows us to extend the notion of what is parallelism see parallelism is just something that we understand intuitively but here when you are talking about these affine sets they may not be from Euclidean space whatsoever but yet you can talk about them being parallel when there is nothing that is there in common between them then they are completely distinct and they are parallel and they are parallel precisely to a subspace an object that we recognize a subspace that is sitting inside v right and it is this result that allows us to do all the algebra that we want to with these quotient spaces because in the absence of this we would not know whether when we are defining these additions and scalar multiplications on objects in this vector space whether they even make sense or not right so that is the next object we shall now study which is how to define vector addition and scalar multiplication in the quotient space thereby rendering it with a vector space structure right any questions up until this point so far.


US Marines, Executor Short Distance Live Fire Range, Under Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Conditions, At Camp Hanson, Okinawa, Japan. CBRN Defense, is responsible for conducting training and reconnaissance, chemical detection identification, biological agent collection and sampling, decontamination of personnel, equipment and casualties and, individual protective measures in first aid for unit personnel. The Marines are with Headquarters Battalion, 3D Marine Division.


All right guys, welcome back to the channel if you're new Monuments Bobby guys kind of tragic video today We're gonna react to an Indonesian punk girl that is fully tattooed including her eyeballs Converting to Islam. You can see it in the background. It's pretty tough.  I want to get fully tattooed as well. I want to tattoo my neck. I want to tattoo my head my face all of it as well So therefore I can relate to her. I personally believe that this is demonic I don't think that we consciously make this decision But that we are influenced potentially by gins by shea teens and what not that bring us to those crazy decisions in life All right guys But before we start the video leave me a thumbs up if you like the content subscribe to the channel If you haven't already and check out the links in the description box to further support with no further do now Let's have a look We'll have subtitles That's that Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu Insaniyat ke is del soz waatye ne tari hirat kam kar di Lekin upsos ke is wedu ka zabaan in donation joke bohot kam loke samach te hain Okay, so the good news quote-unquote is that technically she could remove all of those tattoos with laser treatment However, that being said as you can see here. I really started laser treating my hand It used to be black like this here and therefore we have good success more or less However, those were already 10 treatments here on their hand alone one treatment costs me $150 which means I already spent $1,500 to get to this and probably will need $1,500 more just to remove my hand let alone the rest So this here is a fully blacked out arm. This here could cost up to 20,000 or even more and then you of course have the pain of the procedure You have the scarring of the procedure.  She's utterly destroyed And this is why she destroys her body out of self hate. This is the real reason for face tattoos after all There is something in you hating you hating your body hating God's creation You look into the mirror and you hate God's creation. This is why you want to cover it up and defile it with black ink It is totally demonic. Look even though her face is still tattooed she looks so much more gracious in the covering that if it is so effective that she made the word of martyrs true Muslims to cover the body of these people, that is their physical strength And then she became so happy and promised that she would make a place for her home prayer And to go to church with her mother and kids with her Because what happened to her was a recording in Indonesian and they were all in the middle of the day All right, this is it for today's video. Never judge a book by its cover as they say, this Muslim man went out of his way to speak to this person laying there half naked on the street, fully tattooed with no money. He reached out to her with kindness. He went over there, helped her out and showed her the kindness, the mercy that we find in Islam. And this ultimately led her to accepting Islam. She became a Muslim, Alhamdulillah, and she can turn her life around now by the grace of God. This is absolutely amazing. Lastly, I want to finish up this video by talking a little bit about tattoo removal because I get plenty of comments every single day here on my channel.  First and foremost, guys, know you do not have to. Those are sins from the past. The damage is done and most people cannot afford 10K or something on removing tattoos. The damage is done. God forgave you sins once you reverted to Islam and that is it.   That being said, however, I personally made the decision, even prior to Islam, to remove my tattoos. When I returned to Orthodox Christianity, for me personally, it was just about returning to God, returning to a belief of God. And once I did that, aside from the theology of Trinity, etc., etc., you name it, I already realized that I defiled my vessel, that I defiled the creation of God and I imposed my will onto His creation by that destroying, disgracing the creation of God. And this is when I realized, okay, I will have to get rid of those tattoos. It's not befitting for a believer. It was my own realization, even before reverting to Islam, that I should remove those tattoos. And now I'm going through that pain. You have to imagine, guys, getting a tattoo. People always ask, does it hurt? Well, getting a hand tattoo was maybe three out of 10 on the pain scale. However, removing that thing is a hundred out of 10. You can't even describe it, because as I said, the laser shoots under your skin and destroys the ink particle. The ink particle explodes under your skin. You can even smell it. It smells burned. You have micro explosions, millimeter for millimeter under your skin.  There's so much pain involved. And therefore, it is a personal choice if you want to go through that pain. God already forgave you if you accept Islam, so therefore you do not have to. I personally take that pain as a form of repentance. I have done damage and now I am repenting. However, the reason why I'm telling you all of this is we cannot sit here on a high horse, especially not born Muslims, and then tell reverts, hey, now you have to remove those tattoos. They don't have to do anything anymore. They accepted Islam. Alhamdulillah. All right, guys, but this is it for today's video. If you liked it, leave it a thumbs up. If you haven't subscribed already, guys, please do so. And if you want to support this channel via Patreon or via Merge, all the links are in the description box below. Thank you so much for your ongoing support, guys. And as always, may God bless you all. Much love and peace.


Okay, so let's start with the tuning of the startup of our engine and let's show some basic and advanced methods So let's begin with the basic stuff First we have to Set up the alignment so initially we will set up the alignment taking two seconds and The final current Will be approximately 50 to 100 percent of the motor nominal current This is to stabilize the motor if it was spinning or vibrating at one fixed position And give it enough time for stabilizing in this position second part it's a speed ramp It's a required Start to some some speed our recommendation. It's a user 30 percent of maximal application speed to Speed up faster than the non-realable part of the sensorless reconstruction and Then it's also take some time. It's in some seconds depend on the motor or Inertia connected to the rotor Okay, finally, we have to work with the current around and set up the initial and final values dependent on the required torque So normally we'll start with a 50% of the nominal current value So the next part it's about the threshold in the speed and we have to define some Minimal speed and below the speed. It's not possible switch to the closed loop. We have to avoid some non-realable reconstruction and We defined usually 15% of nominal speed for this threshold Additionally to check that the speed was reached we define some Speedband tolerance limit and the lower one shall be set to 93.75 percent This is one step below 100 second possibility how to describe startup it's advanced it's defined quite similar but with some five points first it's a Alignment with without this Final speed zero with predefined at electrical angle then second step start with the spinning with final speed in non-zero value and Define at current we can define five steps and Also, there is some possibility how to define a step Which is able switch to sensor sensor less algorithm to the closed loop The green part now shows the length of each of the steps. So we can define Alignment length we can define the length of our startup and so on The second part depicted in red is the final speed in rpm defined for each step the Motor control algorithm will Gradually change the speed from the one reached in the previous step to the end value of this step So it will for example in the second step go from 0 to 588 rpm in 1.17 Seconds and finally we can see the final current of each step that defines the torque ramp and the available current the bottom part it's the same as in the basic view and You have to again define some limit in the speed for the switching to a closed loop and this slide you see two view for for The advanced view for the startup with startup table with five points first. It's on the left side first it's Set up from in the workbench which defy which is defined at to the code and second part It's from the monitor and you can change this part online from Motor control workbench monitor There is only one different in the order of a column and Inside the online view it's torque in in the digits of ADC It's not a current. It's some digits and define some torque


You got to have it done. My auntie, I had quit pork, bro. I had spent nothing in the house. That bacon was sizzling in my mouth. Oh, oh no. I was 16.  She's like, give me one piece. Yeah! She done made 42 pieces of bacon. She's like, come over here. She's like, come over here. She's like, you won't.


What is your favorite color? Mine happens to be purple because I recently read color purple by Alice Walker. Hi friends, welcome to my channel, I am Arpita Karwa and in this video lecture I am going to talk about American feminist movement and few important writers associated to that movement. We all know these major writers but hardly anybody knows how this movement actually began. This movement was started by a letter which was written by a lady called Abigail Adam to her husband. In that letter she said to her husband that remember all men would be tyrants if they could be. If women are not paid due care and attention they will definitely come up with a rebellion. This was a letter in which she not only addressed her husband but then she also addressed the members of Congress and she urged them to give women the freedom that they deserved. This letter became so popular that throughout America all the women started the same kind of rebellion and they also fought for their own rights. They also started breaking the boundaries, the social boundaries in which they were captured by the male members of the society and this is how the movement spread and gradually we find so many writers started writing on the pains and condition of a domesticated female. So this is how the movement started and later it took a very sharp turn and somewhere down the line we find that women were even given voting rights, they were given separate rights, they were given the right, they can file a divorce petition and so many other things were a part of this movement. When you look at the feminist works, when you look at feminist literature you will see that almost all the works are written by women and they talk about gender roles and they question the gender norms. So that is the major theme which is a part of all the feminist works. Now we'll first be looking at the works of Kate Chopin who is one of the most famous American feminist writer. Kate Chopin has written a number of works like story of an hour awakening. Almost all her works you will find story of a woman who is trying to break the traditional bonds of matrimony. So all those independent women rising above the norms and rules of society that is the kind of figure you will see in all her works and how she was able to write such strong and independent figures, how she was able to cast such strong and independent figures in her novels. This is a question. This is because her father died in a railroad accident and after the death of her father she was raised by her mother, her grandmother and great grandmother. So these three independent and strong women raised her and somewhere we find that she was quite inspired by these strong women and thus she began writing stories which were on the same theme. For example in a work called story of an hour we have a protagonist who hears about unexpected death of her husband in a railroad accident and she feels so sad she mourns the death of her husband but at the same time she's surprised to see a kind of unexpected freedom that she's feeling from within and then she realizes that somewhere she's able to see a life beyond her husband and that is what the entire theme of this story all about who is independent, who is strong, who doesn't need a man and that was the main point which somewhere inspired other writers to write as well. The next writer that we are going to talk about is Charlotte Perking Gilman. Charlotte Perking Gilman is not only a writer but then she's also a social activist and she wrote a lot of works in which she encouraged women to take up a stand for themselves. She also worked in several NGOs where she asked females, she motivated them to live an independent life and this was going on a very smooth plane when one day after giving birth to a child she suffered from postpartum depression. Now if you're wondering what is postpartum depression I'll tell you that one out of eight women suffer from postpartum depression. It is a kind of depression which a female goes through a depressive phase which she goes through after giving birth to a child and same happened with Charlotte and when she gave birth to a child she suffered from this condition. At that time there was no proper medication so the only popular treatment which was available was rest therapy in which the female was asked to rest in her room and nobody used to come and see her and she was not allowed to think about her career and other stuff so she just needs to rest and it was said that after few days she'll recover on her own and while she was resting in the room she saw a yellow wallpaper which was there on the front wall. When she used to look at the wallpaper for a longer duration of time she felt as if there's a woman inside the wallpaper who is trying to talk to her and she had this feeling of connection and she somewhere felt as if that woman represents her own suppressed emotions. The same experience that she faced during the postpartum disorder she has there written it down beautifully in her most celebrated work which is called yellow wallpaper. In yellow wallpaper she has described the story of a woman who is in her rest therapy period and she is able to find a connection with a woman who is hidden inside the yellow wallpaper which forms the background of one of the walls of her room so that is the storyline and when you read that book you'll see how beautifully she has narrated each and every incident of her life how she has narrated each and every suppressed emotion with somewhere due to the influence of society or due to her own upbringing she was not able to tell properly in front of the world so all these experience are beautifully written in the work yellow wallpaper. The next writer that I'm going to talk about is Alice Walker. Alice Walker has written a lot of novels in a lot of works on the topic of racism on the topic of sexism on the topic of abuses that a female receives on the hands of male dominated community so that's the major theme of her works she has written this wonderful work called color purple in which she talks about life of a girl called Celie who receives abuse from not only her husband but also from her father so she has received a lot of trauma a lot of violence on the part of her husband as well as father and she is writing a set of letters addressed to her sister as well as to God and in those letters she describes all the incidences of her life and it's a epistolary novel which means a novel which is compiled out of the letters written by the protagonist so it's a epistolary novel and the letters are addressed to her sister as well as God and one very specific thing about this novel is that her husband he's never named in the novel every time she wants to mention her husband's name he would say she would call her as Mr. Dash so Mr. Dash denotes the husband of Celie so you can see that you know there's a lot of symbolic meaning that you can derive out of this one statement that I just said that she was so unhappy with her relationship with the husband that she doesn't even want to name him he doesn't want that she should even remember his name because even the name draws out so many negative emotions in her mind so many negative experiences in her mind that she feels overwhelmed so this is the kind of storyline that is followed in color purple so that's it about this audio lecture I've tried to give you a glimpse of American feminist movement and some really prominent American writers we study all these writers in detail and there are a lot of other works that I cover in my online course you can go to my website arpitaakarwa.com and in my website there's a section called online course content in which I've mentioned 700 plus writers which I cover in my online course if you like that list you can join my online course apart from that you can also subscribe to this YouTube channel because I post videos every Saturday and every Sunday for UTC net aspirants and I help them in their net preparation through this small initiative that I'm taking apart from it I'm also running a free go net quiz on all the social media platform so you can go to my social media pages and check the go net quiz that I've posted till now and participate in the go net quiz contest that's it for this video lecture we'll meet in the next video lecture till the time we meet next happy learning keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpitaakarwa.com