Okay, hello everyone, welcome to the discussion. My name is Batran, I'm a high school student from Turkey, and in this session I'm going to talk about LLVM and Python. This talk is specific to Python and the approaches taken by Python's JIT compilers using LLVM, but there are some good points that can be used in compiling dynamic languages to LLVM IR. So we are going to start with C-Python's workflow and pipeline. You may see this relevant, but most of the applications use this workflow's pipes to generate IR, LLVM IR and JIT compile. Then we are going to see dynamic nature of C-Python, like why you shouldn't trust user code and why can't we can easily convert Python to LLVM or other representations. Then we are going to see some projects that are not currently under development and dead because of some reasons. The first one is unladen swallow, it's a Google Sponsored for C-Python, which tries to bring LLVM into Python's core, but then Google lost its interest, Google's clients lost its interest, so it's that. Then there is Py to LLVM and Py to LLVM as an old project by a new developer and it is retrieved as Py to LLVM and both are dead right now. It's a JIT compiler for Python 2 and Piston. Piston is relatively new project. It is sponsored by Dropbox, but then Dropbox switched performance critical code to other languages such as Go, and it is also dead. There are some current projects like Numba. Numba is a JIT compiler for Numpy, Python, mathematical oriented code which uses LLVM lite at the back end. LLVM lite is a Python binding to LLVM which offers a great API and it offers a way to access JIT execution engine of LLVM. In the future part, we are going to see how we can implement and develop a JIT compiler for Python in two ways. One is converting Python's AST into the LLVM IR and one is converting Python's bytecode to LLVM IR. We are going to start to see Python's workflow. See Python takes your source and generates tokens from it. Tokens are individual parts and they have no relations. Then the see Python's parsers takes the tokens and constructs a concrete syntax tree which has relationships but it is hard to work on. Then it strips all of the irrelevant information from that concrete syntax tree and constructs an AST. Then through the AST, it constructs a control flow graph like structure. There are no real control flow graphs in see Python but there are some structures that like control flow graph which generates bytecode from the AST and that structure. Then it uses that bytecode in Python's virtual machine. The AST and bytecode is suitable for coordination but the other parts aren't. Let's see them in details. The tokenization starts with reading your Python file like it should be .py file or the standard input that doesn't matter. You can read your Python file because its contents in the encoding you have specified or the UTF-8 and it tokenizes it with certain patterns like that pattern depends on the context. It knows how to split A.B. A has an individual meaning by its own. B has an individual meaning by its own but it doesn't split 1.1 because 1.1 is a float. You can use tokens to generate machine code because there are no relationships, no blocks, no nothing. It's a pretty rough format. Like this is a... Okay. Can I highlight this? Yeah. This is some tokens like 1 is number, operator is plus. I know you can't see it because of the highlight. Yeah. The number, this is 1 plus 1 but you can generate code from this because there are no relationships. Then there is a parser. Parser is a program that takes, that generates tokens and uses rules to construct a tree like structure concrete and concrete next tree. It's pretty complex because there's irrelevant information such as white space or parentheses. There are relationships but the logs aren't suitable for direct code generation and Python's parser interface is deprecated and will be removed. Python advocates to work on in ASD level. ASD is the abstract version of that concrete syntax tree. There are notes that are defined in ASDL format, Zephyr's ASDL format, which are easy to work on. If you parse a function, it says this is the return, this is the function's name, this is the annotations of the function's code, et cetera, et cetera. Python says you can manipulate ASD or generate your code from ASD. I give you some interfaces, some helper functions but don't use the parser because it's so raw and it keeps only relevant information for generating code. It doesn't keep any white space or comment. It keeps line no information for syntax errors for highlighting where this syntax error happened. This is an example of Python's node visitor interface. Whenever Python sees a constant node, it will call the visit constant handler. Whenever it sees a name node, it will call the name handler so you can generate intermediate representation here. Then after that ASD step, Python will construct code objects that contain bytecode and some information. This code object is going to execute under C Python's virtual machine, which is a stack-based virtual machine that works like you push something, you pop something with the instructions. The instructions are format like there's an opcode and oparc operation argument. There are some extra sequences. If you use a load const opcode, you specify argument as index of co-const data structure so it will make the Python faster. Unfortunately, there are no direct interfaces to assemble bytecode in Python itself. The interface assembles ASD in Python. But there are interfaces for disassembling bytecode objects, which we can use in git compiling the functions body. This is an example function that takes X as an input and compares if X is greater than four, returns power of two, et cetera, et cetera. When we disassemble this, we see instructions like this. The first one is a load first. It lost the local variable from the argument spec and they are format like this. This is jump target thing. Python stack-based virtual machine operates like this. It checks if X is greater than four. If not, it pops directly here. If it is true, it runs this place. So this is a jump target from that return power of three line. Yeah. This was the workflow of C-Python. Let's see why we can directly trust the user code because we won't give the types of the arguments or any kind of name. They are all dynamic and it will make our job harder. User can even change built-ins like user can change length function or they can even put handlers inside of class definition like when you define a class, Python loads something called build class which is a helper function and when you change build class from the built-ins module, whenever someone defines a class in Python, your function gets called and this makes things even more harder. Compared to other languages, Python, everything is mishable unless you say otherwise. Yeah. Let's see some attempts from the past that tried to integrate LLVM with Python itself. On the other side, it's a Google-sponsored fork of C-Python that tried to make a JIT compiler for C-Python itself. Its name comes from Monty Python show. It tries to make Python faster. It starts with fork of C-Python and they plan to eventually merge this into the Python score but then there are some side effects which prevent this. It was sponsored by Google and then Google lost its interest because this was a fork and deployment was hard. Google hasn't any performance critical code in Python and Google's clients don't want to allocate money and time for this. It's features. It made Python 2.5 times faster on single-thread Python code. It's single-thread. They didn't solve the global interpreter lock problem. In Python, if you have a CPU bound code, it can run... It runs one thread at a one time. It doesn't matter if you have four threads. It runs one thread because of some reference counting issues and unladen swallow didn't solve it but it makes my Python faster 2.5 times in single-thread code. Their aim was five times but there are some problems about reaching that aim. They didn't break any Python code because they were already based on C-Python itself so every C extension run as usual. They analyzed Python code before running it so they know if you change the LAN function or not so that they make some assumptions, perform it on this and some data collected at one time. Like if X function gets always integers, they said, okay, generate an intermediate representation based on that fact but if it gets a string, there's a guard which prevents these assumptions false. It converts bytecode. It opales in the bytecode level instead of ASD which is their choice. There is a hot threshold in unladen swallow so there's a cost of making a function compared to LLVM so if a function called so many times and they know so many about it, they compile it to LLVM and before that compilation, they collect data about that function. Help of the data, they know if branch never executed, they just cut out it or if they know all arguments are integer, they optimize for that but ensuring that everything works as same even the arguments changed, they put guards which has cost if mis-predictions happen and they work with linking LLVM into the Python binary. There are some cons besides of this. One is memory usage. The memory usage increased up to eight times it's not always eight times but the most part of it eight times. This is one of the costs of LLVM and other libraries they increase memory usage and if you keep different versions of same code in the memory, it will increase by default so they keep the native code, they keep the bytecode, they keep the ASD so memory is increased and there are some optimizer structures. They try to optimize Python bytecode before sending to LLVM so they create some structure which keeps Python's internal knowledge but they cost. There are some cons about startup time static linking again and when you want to compile a Python function you need to initialize LLVM and C++ initialize take some time and there are some over-attops here on time routines. Biner size increased as usual because you link it to LLVM. Why don't they reach 2.5 times they reached 2.5 times but not five times because when they was working this project was from 2009 LLVM isn't that good at just time compilation and they had some issues with that and LLVM's GTT code doesn't work well with GDB if you are developing a C extension in Python you probably want to debug it with GDB on set files and use all profile and LLVM's GTT code didn't work well so they allocate some time to fix these but they lost some gain in performance this project lasted one year and then Google lost this interest if the project continues in my opinion they can reach the five times goal easily on some codes some LLVM points about this they initially selected LLVM because they don't want to generate assembly code on every machine target LLVM was easy the optimizations and coordination was great but in 2009 it isn't directly suitable for GTT and cost of operations compiling was so heavy and without collecting some runtime data it is hard to optimize they was collecting after learning this so they spent some time to do this without collecting runtime data the next project is PyLLVM which is a compiler for subset of Python that specialize in machine learning algorithms and computations in Python mathematical code gets executed slowly because there's over a lot of dynamic things if you compile this to LLVM you get so much gain and they try to do this they have three issues they are as fast as C code in some cases that compiles with clang they only work for subset of Python if your function doesn't fit that subset they directly return your Python function if it fits they turn a wrapper around the GTT code they don't collect runtime data but they do static type inference and symbol table generation Python has a symbol table which you can use that comes with standard library but it doesn't give you anything about types so you need to create your own symbol table which records types and infers the types which could be cool they use something called LLVM PI which is a library, a wrapper library around LLVM's API, C++ API they use Python ASD model of bytecode which is more suitable in my opinion they try to convert the function body and if they see something that can be converted they raise an error and if they catch that error they return normal function if they don't see that error they just return the GTT function and they infer the types let's see Piston Piston is a JIT compiler and the runtime for Python 2 it's runtime most based on C-Pythons so they have some gain on that they use something called tracing JIT and they specialize on web applications especially dropbox itself they manage to run Django's full test suite as far as I remember they feature as they are 95% faster than C-Python in the latest relays in 2017 they have C-API support because of C-Python's runtime and in a big codebase you can run Piston with little changes over the general codebase they have more than three executors LLVM is the highest level and there is VGIT and there is ASD interpreter so if your function gets called less they interpret the functions ASD if it is called more than 25 times they JIT with VGIT and if it's called more than 1,000 times they get it with LLVM they have ASD-like control flow graphs and ASD interpreter to JIT's tracing and they use something called inline caching and rewriting of functions body and C-Python based runtime so there are some projects from current dates Numba Numba is up-to-date project that uses LLVM to JIT it's a JIT compiler it's specialized in NumPy and Python functions it knows how to boot-shot these to assembly level and gets best performance subset and it works only with type inference if it knows what types it gets it directly JITs if it doesn't know it records runtime data it's used with simple Python decor you just add something called the JIT and Numba automatically handles everything else it supports NVIDIA CUDA and AMD ROG experimentally it's almost as fast as C in some cases which is pretty good it works like this it takes Python source it uses bytecode to generate IR and then it converts that bytecode to their own specialized interminsule representation they made some assumptions based on type inference and they generate LLVM IR and JIT afterwards there's some different modes in LLVM and Numba one is no Python mode means this object never gets Python objects it always gets integers and other atomic types so if you use it you get more performance generates LLVM IR LLVM light has an interfacial LLVM and you can optimize the bytecode it finds the functions in the future we are going to see how we can write our LLVM compiler this is our target function it takes A and B and it uses Python's annotation feature which we don't handle with type inference you need to specify the types we are going to use ASD LLVM light the same light we are that Numba uses annotations this is the function we will have a compiler if we can convert the functions we will convert we will return the normal function so it will work in a subset of Python it will try to get function source code if it can it will return the normal function and if it can it will pass the source code into the ASD and it will try to traverse that ASD using not visitor class Python's ASD return if any error happens during that traversing it will return normal function so if something doesn't fit our subset we will raise the compiler and if this part catches that error it will return the function this is the ASD of that function it starts with a function definition there is a argument part there is a body part decorator part and return annotation the module is the highest level of any ASD and we are going to generate an LLVM module from the Python's ASD and set to southmod and generic visit is a function that traverses the body of given node so we will give the module and it will traverse every node that lives under the module this is the function if you want to recall the functions first of all we will remove the decorator that is used to jit our code so it won't be infinite loop then we are going to generate an argument spec from that there is a cast LLVM function which is just checks the annotation and converts an LLVM IR and then we are going to get the return type so we can convert an LLVM function type from that it takes the return type and the values of arguments then we are going to use that function type to generate the LLVM function which will live under the module we have created it will take the function type and it will have the name of the node then we are going to append the basic block which we can use that afterwards to get a builder in that basic block so we are going to traverse the node's body one by one and use that builder to build our expressions the first expression is constants LLVM types doesn't directly fit to Python ones so we need to convert it Python's integer doesn't have a specific bit length so we are going to use 32 for default and we are going to use float for our float type not double this is the cast LLVM function if the given type is integer we are going to return LLVM's int type if the float we are going to return float type and if the type is something we don't know we will raise the compiler this is the part that constructs intermediate representation LLVM's constant with the type of the IR and the value of the nodes there is the argument access part we will visit the name nodes and if we can fetch the argument given functions type spec we will fetch it and return the value if we can't we will raise the compiler because it's something global or we don't know there is binary operations we will try to get the operator from the builder object if we can we will raise the compiler because some operator we don't know and then we will return the left side and right side under that operator the return operation is pretty simple we will just call width method of builder and return the given value which is going to be binary operation so we wrote a basic compiler with a compile class method a compiler error if it doesn't fit subset and visitors for module function return binary operation name and constant the funny part is creating an execution engine we will create a default triple target that's configured at LLVM and create a target machine in the creating target machine you can specify the optimization level or anything you want then we will create the execution engine which takes bootstrapping assembly we don't have anything to bootstrap and target machine and we will return the engine this is the cheating part we will return the engine with this method and then parse the R module and verify it if it's a valid intermediate representation or not then we will add that module to R engine finalize and run the static constructors and then we will get the function as a C types function pointer and we will fetch that function pointer and cast it to C type C func type Python offers a way to access C functions with C type so there's a C type C func type which takes a type set and the type spec is given here and we will cast the function pointer to R we did this with ASD can we do this same thing with bytecode yes we will have something like this to decorate our function and we will have that same part we will keep a stack of the functions bytecode because Python's visual machine is bytecode with stack based so we will with the opcode by one by one if the opcode is something we know we will stack and if we do not know we will break the for loop and just turn to normal function loading names is simple if we see a load test bytecode we will return the given argument to stack if we see a load const we will cast it to LLVM and append to stack if we see a binary operation we will pop two things from the stack and create an operation from it and if we see a return value we will return this is the whole code to construct that IR this is it thank you for listening is there any questions ok yes ok you are asking what are things different in my JIT compilers than the projects I presented ok I need to go to the outline to list other projects ok ok there was four projects unladen swallow was using bytecode the bytecode I am using in the second approach so unladen swallow's approach and my approach is almost same ASD and in my first approach I used ASD to use that same approach piston and numba also uses bytecode so mine isn't different than others but I try to simplify the process of there in my examples in both ways ok there is a big difference compared to the other approach you are not taking care of type inference which makes things easier but when you annotate the variable with int it means python int which is actually big int and you are casting them to 32 bits in the year which is a totally different word I mentioned that it doesn't directly fit python type so for the sake of easily I casted it to 32 bit integer but in a real word application it would be nonsense to cast 32 bit int well python's typing doesn't allow to specify integers there is literals but there are nothing to specify the bit length of the integer type annotations so it would be hard to define that my compiler gets around 20% speed because I don't do any optimizations any extra thing I just convert the direct python to LLVM IR and it gets 20% speedup because for the sake of presentation I want to keep it simple so you are asking why I am using jits when there is already defined type annotations I can just convert to functions by the ahead-of-time population because in the approach taken by like unladen swallow they record runtime data I want to keep that in my slides but it doesn't fit so I have a project called swinging head which takes the exact thing like unladen swallow and of course runtime data so you are right it would make sense to not running jits but if you are going to record the runtime data or do other things you need to use jits to me ASD is much more simpler to work on because you don't need the extra bootstrap encode python offers an interface to access it but I want to show how unladen swallow and piston worked so as an example to bytecode you see using the ASD functions that's true for system library but that's also true for package lightning byte and it presents a very strong barrier to the optimizer and this so did you take that into account or when you see a call to a native function you are just calling it python way and getting back the results you are asking if I am optimizing native functions with bootstrapping some ASD. Numba does that but my jit compiler doesn't do that. Thank you


Hi everyone, can you hear me well? Yeah, good Very happy to be with you all today, and we've got the luxury to have a very large room Which is great because we need to ask your permission Today we want to make this very interactive and that's going to involve you guys to move around the room Do we have your permission to do that? yes Okay, and on the logistic point of view there's also another thing we need you to do is to be prepared to have a Pen and a paper because we're going to get you to write up something for yourself Okay, so if you don't have it there's some paper and pens over there, which will circulate everyone. Yeah Cool, let's start So our intention today really with you guys is to demonstrate what the roles world views and perspective taking takes into Employee engagement in you know in agile initiatives Right, so we're going to practice that and you know see see how it looks like So this is us Taken this morning. I'm very happy to be here I don't know if there's much more to say about us But we are very good friends and having a lot of fun talking about these topics here in Singapore But in other places in the world Mark, you want to share something with the group? No, he's quiet Okay, but we'll have to stop him at some point. So right So what's the employee engagement mark? So according to Wikipedia employee engagement is Actually defined as one who is fully absorbed by an enthusiastic about their work and so takes a positive action further the organization's reputation interest Yeah, okay So a quick story about that and I just want to make sure that we have the same understanding of engagement And so you're going to have questions that are going to follow this and when you answer the question at least we have a common understanding So a little story about engagement There's the story about John F Kennedy that went to the NASA Center and he asked a man or janitor what he was doing and the janitor Answered I'm helping put a man on the moon Is that engagement or what? Okay, so we can relate to engagement we can pass on yeah So I'm going to just do a we're going to do a quick hands-up count How many how important is employee engagement in Agile organization? So if How many of you think it's not important at all? Oh, not very important No one somewhat important There's only four choices, huh? That's what is very important all right, I was actually scared I Was like what if they say it's not important at all we have absolutely no talk so thank you we can pursue Yeah, we were wondering what we're going to do if that happens right? so And so how many of you believes that you know that Agile is helping employee engagement in organization Not so confident Compared to just before Yeah Okay Yeah, so I'm wondering so with the rise of agile practices and organizations around the world Some people think that it's intimately related to motivation and engagement So if we're agile we're more engaged or we'll have more engaged employees and a lot of you think that is that is true Right and so Mika I'd like to ask you so what do you think the worldwide average rate of employee engagement is? 63 45 28 30 what do you think it is? Maybe 45 45. Yeah, how many agree 45 45 percent have one person 45 Hey, you should be with me People seem to disagree. Let's try it. How about how about 63? How many people think that 63 percent of the people are engaged? Whoa, we're pessimistic today. Look at that. Okay. How 28 28 percent 28 percent. Okay, quite a few. How about 13? 13 oh quite a few Quite a few. Okay. Well, the answer is 13 percent as per Gallup poll an official Gallup poll the worldwide rate of Employee engagement is 13 percent funny story. We just went to the salmon scene said our employee employee Engagement rate is over 65 percent. Oh, who made your survey our HR department? The real truth is that it's actually much lower in the Philippines in the sea here in the Philippines. It's only 28 percent in Indonesia it's 8% Singapore hovering a little between that so that's the truth So what's the basis for engagement basis for engagement So the room for all engagement. I think it's just plain basic conversations. It all starts with that So what goes through conversations? Right innovation? Kept challenge that communication of business needs Empowerment of teams and people go through conversations a quality of your stuff goes through conversations as well How do you qualify? It's not machines. Actually somebody at the end tells you well, this is good quality, right? And motivation goes through conversations. Is there something that doesn't go through conversations? Pretty much everything right and then we have this is pretty much the the outward mindset This is how we communicate this we converse in outward and inward Directions, right? So we say things and we also have to take in things and some of those some of those items that we take in Basically are for clarity. We take in for clarity We also understand business needs. We communicate them, but we have to understand your business needs. We listen We support employees that way as well We understand intrinsic needs and we also communicate organizational vision right through understanding So we're getting to the to the guts of what we want to bring up to you today's in talking about world views, right? So we got in and how to use world views in terms of your own Reflective process for whatever you're doing in organization or in your own personal development. Okay, so we just gonna what we need to do here I said the basis. What are the world views we're talking about and what they mean, right?  They go. Yeah, he talks a lot.  There exists nothing else just me myself and I I'm not comparing myself to anybody It's just me. So that's your ego centric perspective. Okay? Yeah, and then we'll take you to taking an ethnocentric perspective. So here is us we they they them So there's dualities us versus them, right? This we are we are packed versus another pack, right? It's it's the the ethnocentric only exists because of the duality, right? So we'll play with that one also today And the last one last one is a little a little more ify. It's like world centric is basically There is duality, but it's defined as us we versus it so imagine the world against global warming the world against We're all in this together against animal extinction or whatever a cause it so that would be a world centric perspective Of course, there are other definitions, but we'll use these ones. All right, so that's your world centric perspective Okay, so before we move on just want to check in with the group is everyone clear on the ego and ethnocentric perspective by show hands Clear okay, if not, we have to do like this to our presentation on each one of these things Okay, I think we can proceed you can go right so here was what we're gonna we're gonna practice it practice this So we are we brought this and this is our something we use ourselves in our in our organization It's just what we call our competency framework, right? And it covers all the some of the elements that we think are very Valuable in terms of development in the agile space, okay So we you just going to use this one as a reference for the exercise today So he covers different areas like being in the executive coaching and facilitation training and all the agile domains Many be technical from a business or from a PM and mythology perspective, right? So there's a lot of elements in there We're not going to go into the details, but we're gonna allow you to try it out and use it, okay? So the first thing we're going to do is get you to create your own Personal development mind map So that's why we got you to get the the paper and pen And we get you to put your name in the middle and then start and start the writing up which areas you would like to develop Right, so the intention here is to look at this from a ego centric perspective, right? So for me if I want to increase my engagement in the organization, how would I construct my own? development mind map Right, so think of you know and start writing up all the elements you would like to work on Or that you know already but you need to foster more Make sense, so to help construct this mind map What we're going to use is primary notes and the primary notes are the pieces of paper that you see and they're actually part of the table If you can bring back the table So the primary notes are going to be project management mythologies Methodologies business technical IT stuff training coaching facilitation and agile executive Which pretty much covers a lot of the of the aspects in an organization not all of them Of course you can use this to inspire yourself But at least use these primary notes where you can fit your own personal development in so start with your name in the center And then the primary notes to develop an ego centric Development planned. All right, so according to you yourself and you It's all about you and we we're gonna do this quick because we have a limited amount of time right now So just whatever comes up first is okay. Don't try to over engineer the map Just go and put anything that you see that comes up first So we have about a minute Do you want to go around see if I was okay? And of course these are just examples if you have other Notes that you want to put in go ahead if you're doing some marketing stuff some HR stuff If you want to be prime minister of Canada, that's a really popular job these days Okay, so what you're supposed to be developing if I can just get Mika to click to the next the next slide What you see on the right hand side here is what you're supposed to be creating, right? So start with your name in the center and then expanding to primary notes So you have in this case we have leadership agile domains some coaching facilitation training You can use those primary notes to build on that right then after that as you can see in agile domains I have agile lean. I want to know some stuff on scrum. I want to do some user stories I want to develop some estimating. These are all things that I want to develop right as an agile practitioner or a manager that has that has the Basically, I want to do an agile organization wants to transform an agile organization, right? And we also have some training stuff some leadership stuff So whatever will help you develop as an agile practitioner is what you're writing down on your mind map Is everyone more or less done to an extent Yeah Bring this one again. So note to self next time we need to two screens two screens. Yeah, all right Let's let's stop now wherever you are. It's okay, right? so now you're gonna you look at your your mind map and Maybe start making stars where you think that is the most important for you in terms of development Where would you want to work in first? So what we're asking you is make a backlog But not necessarily rewriting the whole thing but prioritize the things that you think are really really important again From an egocentric perspective It's about for me not considering anything else, but myself. This is what I choose to develop next All right So now you've done that this is where everyone's gonna start moving around because we created that stations around the room We've all the top categories here, right? So wherever you put your most important one just move along closer to the stand up near the stations Which represent that category, okay? So basically the categories and I'll just read them right here So you have agile executive here So if you know if you're doing some executive stuff some management stuff you want to stand over here This is basically what you've chosen to develop over here is coaching facilitation So you're pretty much wanting to become an agile coach or doing facilitation work And this is very important for you being a trainer is more important There's a difference between coaching and training so being a trainer is back there And then in those three corners over there on that side We have some technical IT stuff which is in the back. Yeah, so everybody. That's a geek like myself. I'm a developer Right this PM and methodology here and business on this side. So what we invite you to do is Look at where your priorities were Categorize them and then go stand in those spots, please And if you don't have any category that then choose one we got whichever one you want Where are you all guys clubbing? Are you on the coaching and facilitation? Yeah, and here there's a Agile executive. Okay, let's try to make a clear distinction between the two groups if you can give a gap or something Hey, you know it Mika. I'm just wondering how Fred the guy who gave the talk before us would be upset right now With a few number of developers we have Okay, so now here's what we're gonna do we gonna We're gonna get you to guys to find a to go in pairs. So find a body we got in your own group Right and what we're gonna get you to share with the other person and it's a very quick sharing is about 30 second From your own egocentric perspective I Why what's important for you in terms of engagement and you developing that skill or that practice? To and explain that to the other person Right, so we'll give you a quick short 30 second Time window to be convincing to share from your that egocentric perspective And then we'll get the other person to reflect what they understand and how they felt when you said it Right And then we flip again. We'll do it again from the other side make sense So find a find a body in your own group Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait Hey Guys guys You can go then Huh No, I wanted them to start at the right time You're alone Find find find someone Stop Okay Your attention, please Guys Stop Okay, so if the first person has completed, please go on to the second person All right, time's up Um, we're going to introduce a rule here, and I want everybody to look up to the stage And this is a trick. I see there's a lot of agile coaching and facilitation work going on over there And we're going to instill a rule here Whenever Mika and I raise our hands everybody starts raising their hands and stops talking, right? And you'll find this very funny There's always this one group that never looks at anybody that keeps on talking while everybody has their hands up All right, so that's the new rule. All right, so again the basis for this is the conversation Right, whatever you want to do in life is very important, but right now we're concentrating on the conversation So by show of hands who found it difficult to initiate a conversation About themselves on what they want to do raise your hands We have one It's very honest it is it's not that easy it's not that easy sometimes it's quite difficult who found it difficult to pair up Just to find somebody to talk to Okay, okay who found it easy who found it pleasant All right. All right. So yeah, so we want to share we want to converse we want to communicate right And this is a dynamic that we're trying to introduce in organizations that we're questioning organizations Is that we're putting these processes and structures in you can have all this whatever they're presenting safe dsdm less Scrum name it whatever you want you can put in a process and structure you want 20 minutes. Okay. I got to go faster This is the problem is that we put in processes and structure and structures and it cuts cuts off conversations Automatically we rely on them for organizations to function and that's why there's 13 engagement. All right We're going to notice a little difference. We're going to test a little difference here Yeah, but it's just a question for everyone.  So what what's uh, so the rest of the rest of you felt that was what what was the feeling? No, just please throw the words in So who felt their partner was not engaged? Raise your hand not engaged Okay, there's a lot of laughs here. Do I take this culturally as being? Yeah me or no, okay, maybe Yeah, so this is a clue for you guys when we when you're looking at talking in the Ego-centric perspective if the person is generally talking about I by that's about myself, right? I gonna have an intrinsic passion about what I want to talk about The message goes very clearly if if it doesn't if you have felt. Ah, this is fake. This is, you know He's just telling me a story. He doesn't feel connected. Then, you know, that is something else that's that you know There's not the really really an egocentric, you know perspective that's being shared here, right? So get tuned to that because you need to know that, you know, when you are It's very important to be able to express yourself and by the looks of it You guys are all comfortable doing that, right? But at the same time if the person in front of you is not feeling it It's probably that you are not, you know, generally expressing yourself Okay, so be mindful of that when you're working with your teams Yeah So we have a little story about around egocentric perspective. Yeah, this is uh, Damien's Fisselov. Yeah, I'm gonna get that right Philosophical take on egocentric perspectives. This is my son. By the way 14 years old hockey player in Canada and taller and bigger than I am. I'm scared of him So I asked him he's into philosophy even at the age of 12 He was taking like these philosophy courses. I have nothing to do with it.  Can one person hold the absolute truth about a given subject? Just one person Right And I'm thinking I'm gonna trap him on this one, right? And then he uh, he takes about 15 minutes to answer, of course Taking a long time And then he answers. Yes, he can he can hold the absolute truth If he's alone in a room by himself, he will own the truth I was dumbfounded. I was like, wow. Yeah, it's true. If you're in a room by yourself, there's only one truth Yours is that a tendency that we have that we applied our own lives How many times do we close ourselves in our room? thinking that we hold the truth Isn't that the origin of all conflicts and the origin of all challenges Is that we tend to think that we hold the truth and then he goes on to say Well, if he steps out of the room, he must accept that other truths exist Wow So that's my son. That's a philosophical take there. All right So that brings us and this is the segue to the ethnocentric perspective where we accept that other truths exist If you do not accept that other truths exist, you're in an egocentric perspective Right And we're telling you to build teams. What is a team? right What is the team? people It's a group of people a group of Like-minded people that have the same objective, right? Hockey teams baseball teams basketball teams netball teams, right? We all have the same purpose Right, and that's the ethnocentric perspective. Yeah, so what we're going to get you to do now since you have everyone still has They mind map in front of them is to look at it again But then start thinking at it. What would I need in terms of personal? You know my own development in terms of how do I would benefit the engagement of the team So taking an ethnocentric perspective on your own development Right, so review that mind map. I'll bring that slide again and see if there's any other area that you would work on Or if you would change the priority of the Of the things that you initially said on the first round when we look at it just for you Yes The team is the as you're like-minded people exactly So you guys it's the technical guys Technical it here. It's the project management methodologies and business feel free to roam around if your priorities change After considering an ethnocentric perspective for example. Well, you know what? Yeah, well, I'm going to move from it and go to business because that's really what my group needs They don't really need a developer. They need somebody or they need some skills more in business, right? So that's going to happen as well. So shift your mind maps shift your priorities We'll see if they shift if they stay the same they stay the same, right? But see if they change be curious to that change. All right So we get you to look at it now move if you need and once you everyone said oh, we'll do we'll do the exercise again, right? So readjust the mind maps and readjust your priorities if need be The launch All right almost there yes Thank you So now has have we seen some of you move around this is great Now so the difference here. We're not going to pair up to do the conversation here But you're gonna you're gonna each one of you have you don't not everyone will have a time to talk But we're going to give you about two or three minutes to A few people share What's changed for for them in there in in perspective when they take an ethnocentric perspective and the group The whole group anyone in the group that's listening in reflect back on that person So do a popcorn style a few of you within the time allocated Briefly share what is it for you and then let the group reflect to you and then someone else goes Okay, and when we put our arms up we'll stop and debrief right So it's basically the same same exact the same exercise as the ego centric But this time in small groups So you can form a group of five six seven or eight the ideal number is five by the way I don't know why but it's five So form groups of five share and um, yeah, so the same exercise but in a group this time. All right And go We are 10 10 minutes before questions You Thank you Right, so we're gonna debrief but to do that we'll get you guys to go back to your chairs. We'll probably be easier Thank you our teammates Okay, so what did you guys um, what was different this time you don't know Okay, what else Still don't know So what happens so what happens when people get together and you talk how many people felt engaged just a slight bit in their little group Raise their show hands who felt engaged in the conversation Okay Was any one of you find it difficult to express yourself on the ethnocentric perspective Nobody finds it difficult to express themselves in a group You did yeah, what did you find did you mind sharing what you found difficult? Ah, okay, you're not sure but it was difficult. Okay And that's the reality actually in organizations is the expression Right, we have these ethical constructs that the organizations put in we got to be careful What we say we can't offend anybody, you know, play it safe then we have cultural identities We have belief systems and then we have our defense mechanisms, right? I mean, I'm not about to say anything to our you know reveal my whole history to somebody I mean, it's just work, right But that explains the percentage of engagement in organizations And even though we put a lot of pressure on our leaders about developing their leadership skills And driving people and making people engaged We often forget that it's everyone's responsibility A conversation is a two-way thing You guys are as responsible as your leaders in creating that engagement Yes And if any one of you like you are here, I don't know from this side and you know The it's difficult to make the difference between the first one and the second one, right There's the question to ask yourself is, you know Which one is working? What's which perspective am I by default in and what is it about me about me and how I perceive that That I'm not really sure about making the difference when I'm actually focused on You know the duality and people around me or just myself Right, so if I was very if I am very comfortable talking just about me, right What's my impact on other people, you know, and the in my reflection process How do I include people around me into the things I do? Right, and how does it affect what I do in organizations in terms of You know, if I'm a scrum master if I'm a natural coach or a manager in an organization So I'm going to put a segue here I'm going to make a segue to what mary pop and dig set upstairs She goes to scale out don't scale up, right? Well, what we tend to do as groups is identify to a group and have that ethnic or ethnocentric Perspective, but what happens if we keep that ethnocentric perspective is that we're only building up We're only identified by what we feel is common amongst ourselves. We build up, right? And we tend not to want to express ourselves on an egocentric perspective and build outwards So you also need to learn when am I talking in egocentric or when can I express myself or how do I express my egocentric perspective as well Because it's as valuable as the ethnocentric values that are being put in. Does that make sense? And at the same time if I only talk about myself. I stay in this egocentric perspective. I'm only building upwards Yeah, I'm only scaling up. I'm not scaling out that conversation helps me scale out I need to hone into other truths. There are other truths So that's going to make me scale out So why what what am I resisting to when somebody tells me that okay scala is better than java? Well, maybe it is maybe it isn't But am I absolutely right on what i'm saying? And in resisting to that am I only scaling up, right? I think real agile organizations people need to Take those two perspectives egocentric ethnocentric sometimes world-centric in order to really scale Yeah, so um and you know the the whole the the The key thing here is about you know, you being able to when you make you are looking to find a solution Maybe when you're working on innovative projects you are working on, you know Making a decision on something working with your team at the end of a retrospective, you know And looking at what actions are we going to do right is how do we serve every individual in the group? And and what how do we serve the team at the same time? So create a solution make a decision based on that includes every every perspective Right how often of I recently I was in an organization and they work with a lot of people remotely in japan in korea and other things And the the the team members from japan and korea were in the room We did that exercise of talking Talking from the different world's views people from overseas were having a very very difficult Time talking in the egocentric view because they were always at the service of the team We we we we we we and so in the process kept forgetting About themselves which created a lot of anxiety in in their own You know work day because they're not being served. They're just serving the group all the time So when you're working remotely with people tune in into that because if person talking to you is always talking about the team But never about themselves There's something missing in the way we make decision in the way we move together as a unit Right people are not being served. So that's that's something that We invite you to have that sensitivity into where which perspective people I take are speaking from Yeah We've got just five minutes. So let's go just straight to the takeaways, right? You want to talk this out? No Yeah, so the first one is Conversation are the core of the collaboration if you have not that two-way conversation and and you know and you know Engaging others being truly transparent and truthful into what it means to you, you know And what it means how you listen to others then you will you you know the collaboration will be very difficult If possible include all three worldviews in all reflections Be it innovation, you know, even even your solution designs any and and the more you Think outwards the more original and the more responsive your solutions are going to be right. Just don't think up think out And just what I was saying before be sensitive to which worldviews your colleagues are talking from And tune into that and invite them to take another one What you know a a mark what's the what's your egocentric take on on what's happening right now Or what are these what the reflection we're having now? Tell me what it is in it for you Right, so just have these layers always in the conversation today We haven't spoken about the world centric and there's another one called cosmos centric It's even more complicated But at least have the perspective around yourself the group around you and if possible the organization And all and this applies whether you're doing safe dsdm or whatever methodology you want I think you can apply this at all levels of the agile transformation Because if not you're not going to get engaged people Get those conversations going build that engagement into employees And I think it's everyone's responsibility not just the leaders and managers, but everyone's Okay, so, um, yeah, that's it. We'll have some questions if you guys have any We prefer not to have any questions But if you do have some feel free She just wants to go home. All right Thank you everyone. Thank you. Thank you. All right. Thank you mark Thank you mark. Thank you, Michael


All organisms are different. Humans, animals and plants are known as eukaryotes, whilst bacteria and fungi are known as prokaryotes. So what exactly are prokaryotes? They are single celled organisms and are built in a capsule-like shape. These organisms are filled with cytosol, which is known as intracellular fluid. Prokaryotes also have a flagellum, which is a tail-like structure that provides them with agile mobility. Here you can see more detailed structure of the prokaryotic cell. The DNA in prokaryotes is small and circular and floats within the cell cytosol. The genetic material is not enclosed within a nucleus. This is because prokaryotes don't actually have any membrane bound organelles. In addition to the bacterial DNA, prokaryotes also contain genetic material in plasmids. These are small and circular and have the ability to replicate independently. Because of this feature, plasmids are frequently used in research for genetic engineering. It is important to note that they contain less genetic material than eukaryotes. One reason is because genetic material in prokaryotes is not condensed, meaning that there is both less space for the DNA to be stored and less capability for storing it. Similar to some eukaryotes, as prokaryotes cannot sexually reproduce, they use another mechanism to replicate, known as binary fission. Untaken binary fission allows prokaryotic organisms to produce exact duplicate copies of themselves. As the process is not very complex and no genetic variability occurs, these cells replicate extremely quickly. This can be seen in the case of an infection, where once infected, the cells replicate and spread the bacteria throughout the body at a rapid rate. Eukaryotic cells are quite different to prokaryotes, however the first difference is that they can be either unicellular or multicellular. Research has put forward a symbiotic theory between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, based on mitochondria and chloroplasts containing their own DNA. It is thought that as they are genetically independent, these organelles were once prokaryotic beings. It is also important to note that eukaryotic organisms can be further broken down into two sub-tacs. These are animal cells and plant cells. As shown, animal cells have no cell wall, do not contain chloroplasts and have only small vacuoles. Comparatively, plant cells have large vacuoles, a cell wall made from cellulose and chloroplast organelles. Plant cells have chloroplasts to promote photosynthetic processes, given that they can convert light into chemical energy. Here you can see a more detailed structure of both the animal and plant cells. As eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, this means that they store their genetic material within the nucleus. Genetic material is extremely condensed into chromosomes. This genetic material stored within the chromosomes is replicated by either mitosis or meiosis. By undertaking meiosis, eukaryote DNA can have greater genetic variability. This is shown when humans reproduce, as genetic material from both parents is exchanged and that offspring contains a mixture of both parents' DNA. So now it's time to put prokaryotes and eukaryotes head-to-head and directly compare them both. This table here provides a succinct summary of the key comparisons we covered between them. And once you know these, you'll be able to distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes with your eyes closed.


What are you doing up? It's 4 a.m. I'm beating my fish. You can't smoke in here It's a study break you said you quit I'll quit after this one Why isn't the smoke detector going off? broken That's not safe I'm sure we'll be okay Remember when you started that fire you've reminded me daily Not daily It was a long time ago You had a chemistry set and you made me hold the beaker you wanted to play you got it for your birthday. I Got it for Christmas. No, it was your birthday because it was in yellow wrapping paper with pink and green and white balloons on it That was for birthday. If it was for Christmas, it would have been great Christmas pick wrapping would change every year. I love that set We played as scientists and assistant. I Was assistant you called me Igor.   We invented stuff and one time you made a fake arm and it could move That was awesome. I remember that and the volcano exploded all over the laundry room on the clean clothes That was funny.   What? innocent What do you mean?   You're gonna start out of fire Not smoking. He's gonna start another fire.  You're right. All right You're right.   You're the poor suffering victim. I didn't want to hold the beaker You made me you wanted to be a Igor There I quit We end. Thank you, Dan No, no, no. Thank you, Teddy So I would love to invite Jeremy To join us. Hello Oh So that was a scene a relatively newer scene from the importance of being By Jeremy Jay Camps. He's joining us right now Um, we've been working on this play with a spectrum theater ensemble for a while Do you want to talk about how you got to know us and and how you developed this piece? Sure, and um, thank you Teddy and Dan for doing such a great job as always this this um I think my spectrum I started in 2015 or 2016 in the summer And came and did a little bit of work together for the um devised piece that everyone did But then coming out of that Clay um had the vision for us to develop a play with seven members of the ensemble So over the course of about a year I would come for three days at a time Um, I live I lived in brooklyn at the time and we would do workshops. We'd play we tell stories We'd go on tangents lots and lots of tangents We um This this page is actually didn't come till pretty deep into the process at that point I think the first day that I brought some pages They were sort of loosely inspired by things that we that we'd been that come up in our time together But none of those pages are in the script at all. So it really kind of grew over time and little by little um, we found the play and um, and then had a really amazing reading at the end of it, uh, which was I think two years ago now a year and a half ago and then another reading I got just over a year ago And so in that time Now since I don't go up as regularly um the It's just been the readings But in even in those pockets The conversations I've had with you two and clay And anyone who's seen the reading has helped me continue to sort of hone and develop the script And like you said this being one of the um newer scenes coming out of the last reading focusing on The relationship with the brother who's because really it's a play about siblings two brothers and a sister um, and uh So yeah, so this was a play that a scene that we thought was maybe lacking to get to see these two um a little more in depth and know a little bit about their history. So Here it is and it was so great to to hear it and continue to develop this play together Absolutely Dan did you have any thoughts about the process or questions for Jeremy? Well, when I read the script I was intrigued but actually the scene brings down I was talking about this yesterday with Teddy a sort of a darker side to nile. I mean nile, um Graham Because usually in the first couple of uh drafts to me he came across as a little too innocent to Too much of a cardboard. Of course that's because I when I see things on paper It hasn't been fully developed yet But in this scene you really get to see a different side of Graham that no one really ever get seen before Can you maybe go a little depth into that one that one scene? Yeah, you mean into into the thinking behind that scene? Yes. Yeah Well, I think I think part of it is because you know, I'm sitting here today watching the two of you and um In some of the parts the characters have been interchangeable But you two have been with these parts from the beginning only you two all the way through And so I was really seeing Seeing, you know, the great thing about this art form is that it's collaborative and so um, I really was feeling like Already like giving it away sooner than usual because we've we've worked together so much So some of it came from actually what you just said there Dan you've mentioned um, you know adding some more dimensions to to Graham and um and then I think This idea of um of not being innocent Ted scenes a Niall sees him as innocent, right at face glance, but um part of Niall's Uh struggle is that he doesn't fully see his brother and so um and and As long as he only sees his brother as the one who got him beat up or Like the one in the way of his life, um, they can't have a real relationship. They they're actually not going to know love as opposed to Them just both accepting and understanding each other fully So it was a it was a scene to I mean this is kind of an ensemble play. It is throughout three siblings But there are a few other characters that are pretty primary And so um, this was something as some of the plays are hard to write because you have limited real estate But I noticed I cut some scenes that I liked but actually weren't telling the story of the brothers and the siblings So that's why I put that in absolutely And I noticed Niall's given a little more of a maybe not much of a sympathetic But more of a realistic approach rather than just him trying to be trying to be sarcastic to keep his true feelings inside Yeah, absolutely. I mean and also to speak to Niall I think another conversation Dan and I had recently since we have been with these characters so long Is sometimes it is hard to separate You know, because they're all an amalgamation of the company and the conversations So there are pieces of us in every every character But it is it is interesting when you've been with one for so long not to I identified Niall sometimes when I talk about him I talk about it in the eye form and and um, and then I have to take ownership of his flaws And I do think this scene is exciting because in the context of the play you realize The parents are not present Niall's trying to plan a wedding and go through grad school while managing a non-verbal Teenage girl and a very verbal 20 something brother and And I think something that clay who directed this pointed out to me recently while we were working on it is um That I didn't even come to mind is that he can only study and work on his grad school stuff at night because he has to be with these people all day and it did make me feel for him a bit more because He definitely has a lot of growth to do From this scene to the rest of the play And uh Yeah, that's I saw I saw sorry I started this is one of the tangents that started I have a question for you two. Yeah. Is that okay? Yeah. Um, so usually when I write, um When I hear the word I have hear the word remember come out of a character's voice I'm like, oh great all the action is happening offstage It's not active and this one, but I but I I wanted to Um, I wanted this one that felt like the memory was active Um, and I'm wondering just if that came through for you What what it was like to play something now Graham and Niall Talking about Graham and Niall some some years ago. What challenge was that to make that active? Did it did it feel like to what degree it it still helped us see them as growing? um forward moving humans in the world I I think real quick before I pass it off to dan. Um, just to almost continue my point. We've been with them for So long For me as an actor It was kind of easy to be able to think of history with these characters because I have history with these characters um uh and For me it's active because I think this is like, you know, like any play um Any story we're putting on stage. I think there's always this piece of the ingredients that that that are um Some things about to change or something has never happened before and this is what this is you're witnessing it and um this seems seems to kind of like, uh Explore a darker moment in these siblings lives and and but it's something that I think Niall has to kind of deal with On a regular basis if Graham's schedule gets flummoxed or if he gets up or is it perturbed in some way It you know, they have to have this conversation and it seems that In my impression of it that Graham does bring this up a lot because it affects him and in the examples that Niall gives so it's like, um This is I think in some ways the baseline of these characters relationship that needs to change by the end of the play um, so for me, it's very active because It's informative of their relationship Compared to in the earlier scenes where you see Graham being delightful and Niall is is not warm To put it kindly I'd say um, Dan Do you have any thoughts on that? Well, it's true actually what he's been pointing out because I have been with Graham for so long that it kind of starts to wear Into you, but one of the things I've also discovered during the scene is sort of the Difference between him and me that I have to emulate because keep in mind I grew up with a family who's always been around for me I had a father who always worked and then came back home whenever I need to a mom that gave up a career to stay home with me and do siblings that Helped me give the tools to what I need, but it also made me think of the bustling time I had with them. So I've kind of sort of tried to emulate that But still may understand the difference between Graham and I which is we really didn't have the parents around for us So it kind of made made it a really hard scene to do But it kind of gave me a side of Graham Graham and Niall's relationship that I felt like needed to be talk about Whether it's in the early script is not really touched upon and I feel like this I don't know how to explain this but I feel like it's one of those memory bits where he feels like he's kind of not suffering from PTSD But kind of feeling the ghost of the past sort of haunt that particular memory of him And that mark is sort of like the mark of king Yeah, absolutely. Um, I think I just want to since we only have a few more minutes Um, uh, Jeremy, I wanted to get your thoughts on the neurodiversity new play festival.  We've made a lot of adjustments um With covet and social distancing um What are your hopes for the future of this festival and like what were the challenges and opportunities this time around? Um Well, I think the the you know, I think that clay's vision and the vision of the ensemble has been as always um really empowering and affirming and the kind of sort of um Initiative and people and work I want to be around so um, it's been great to get to be a part of it and um, my role specifically was focused on um drawing in some other playwrights um to write some of the short plays and um You know to me whenever whenever there's collaboration Uh, it's an opportunity to kind of mix it with some people who maybe maybe you don't I don't know as well and um maybe people who this is an opportunity and and so um you know, I've looked at where This need of uh creating voice and um a space for uh neurodiverse stories is really exciting and to be able to tell the multi-layered diverse um textured depth of stories so that it doesn't become singular. I think when um, I uh, Jummonda Ngozi Adichie says it best in a TED talk and other other places where she talks about the danger of a single story when we only have one story of a neurodiverse person that becomes reductive and can be in a danger akin to erasure or silence or no story and so this is to me a push to do that and a push to sort of to also collaborate across many lines of difference while also um paradoxically centering neurodiversity without um without reducing the The emotional truths and human condition of all characters, whether they be on the spectrum or otherwise Yep, absolutely to add on that and actually actually I was telling Teddy this the other day I think of art in the way of black up. I on the top you have the plays about certain topic from a certain other grouping like uh neuro typical neuro atypical But the thing that has to be important is the filling which has to work together with the crust to make the pie a delicious thing If that filling is empty or worthless It's gonna all fall apart. So I feel like that's what we're trying to do here Absolutely. I think of it with neurodiversity Which is neither neurodivergent exclusive or neuro typical exclusive. It's both of them together Which as clay likes to say Means basically if you're willing and and and and passionate by theater Join us like you're you're you fall you fit the criteria if and um And I think just to some of your points another thing we often say is because it's a challenge when we're dealing with some of these Uh topics and trying to bring more inclusion into theater Um that we sometimes we have to show the world as it is not as it should be We know as the world as it should be and we'd like to tell this and I think let's go to your your point Jeremy about not you know avoiding a reductive narrative is that like um, I think our focus in our company is is supporting adults and um, what happens a lot with uh disability is uh, people are not allowed to be seen as adults and treated as adults and um, I mean to bring it back to this play I think that's part of now's issue is not recognizing that his family's growing up and he can grow up with them or he can get left behind um and uh So, uh, I think it is This is the first step to building into the american canon more understanding of neurodiversity My last rambling point. I think I'd make about it is that I I think what spectrum theater has taught me and working on this plan particularly has taught me is that in reality truth is a big rock. It's a big big rock and If you're on one side of it, you can say it's sunny and that's absolutely true But if you're on the other side of the rock and you're in the shade and you say it's in shadows That's absolutely true and so one way to combat One perspective and if you have a neurodiverse community It feels like you're all holding hands and looking at the rock from every single side And it takes a little bit more time and more understanding and a little patience But you get to see the whole picture in a much different way. Um, I know I came into this with this Feeling of being altruistic or like I'm an artist and I'm gonna help people And I know that being in a neurodiverse group It's helped me in more ways than I could possibly explain in growth as a person and In just feeling fulfilled in life So I know for me as like associate artistic director of spectrum theater ensemble. It was frustrating that we had to kind of And understandably and safely, you know social distance and we had to kind of cancel We had these big plans for this festival with workshops I was just joking with clay like we kind of were missing out on the adult summer camp. We had planned to and And we had to kind of adjust With everything but our plans for the future are to Bring this full force And do a festival You know once it's safe With everyone together spreading awareness in the community and most importantly and jeremy Perhaps you could speak to this one of our goals is to build into the american canon neurodiver neurodivergent voices And actually publish the work we're working on Uh, I could you could you speak maybe like I think like you were saying about the reductive nature of storytelling Could you speak to the strategy that we might be going about and doing that or? Any kind of steps that we need to take to infuse this Into the wider culture if that makes sense Yeah, um It's a good question. I think that my my first thought is Keep going more right like making this building this into an institution this summer plan and and Look to being able to look 10 years from now Look back and see all the the contributors as artists and writers I think that will take you to the place of it I think what I'm hearing you say is when we use the word publish it like how do you like leave a mark? How do you? claim space So I think it's that I also think it's um I think it's also work to be done with with Advocates advocacy. It's not just making art but advocacy with other institutions that already exist to be able to see beyond what to to extend their imagination and some of that can happen by getting them to participate in this events like this spectrum theater ensemble productions or to attend them but some of that also happens in um You know Compelling them to to look at their own work. It's not just spectrum theater ensemble Of which it's incumbent upon to tell neurodiverse stories um, it's spectrum theater ensemble. Hopefully will propel other um Theater all forms of stories to look at how how they're representing neurodiversity um And I would even take that further into um, you know, looking at we're living in a world where We have to talk about things in intersectionate sectionality. So how are we telling stories that are uh racially diverse um That is a reckoning that has come to the fore after 400 years and um and in addition, uh different sort of abilities and um Sexuality gender like you can go All the things that make us human I think when you have a group like spectrum theater ensemble, we are compelling everyone to Encompass and look at our full humanity whether that is in your mission. If that's not in your mission explicitly um Maybe needs to be there. Maybe needs to be there for for um This this word intersection is intersectionality is a real gift to be able to have the language for how these things come together and so Yeah, so more more art more advocacy Is my answer. Well, actually and that's a beautiful segue and I'd love uh day. I'm not to throw you for a loop But could you really briefly? Uh, tell me about what sensory friendly programming is. That's another thing that we advocate for We do a lot of all of our shows Have at least a couple productions that are adjusted Or at least and I know cuckoo's nest all of them at least had some uh indicators and Uh, I'm uh sensory overload warnings. Uh, so could you could you just give me like an overview of what sensory friendly means? gladly So for years the theater community have been doing something called sensory friendly theater, but that's mostly Aimed the kid shows mainly they modify production take out anything that might be too loud too bright But what we try to do in spectrum theater ensemble and I also do this work down at trinity rep Is we try to create a space where it's like a before same performance only with a few combinations So we create a trigger list of things that come up ahead such as a rough lighting cues abrupt sounds abrupt any sounds or movements And for those moments with really intense sound cues on each side of the stage depending on which space We're in spectrum theater ensemble. There's a red light that goes off 15 seconds before that actually happens We also do a sensory friendly plus performance, which is the same as the original sensory friendly only modify for families People who may not be able to handle other things that could sensory mess them up Absolutely, that stuff isn't the word i'm looking for just like sort of Throw them off. Yeah. Yeah, and uh, I know with the sensory friendly plus We um, you have a little bit more time for people to meet their seats There's a table off to the side with some stimming activities The actors come through for a costume A parade so that people can see them first and and not have any major surprises um But I do know another issue with sensory friendly is how do institutions codify or have A checklist to really see how they're doing with sensory friendly And so another thing that we are trying to get off the ground and we have um Some exciting prospects in the future is our nice program. Uh, and this is a mouthful. So bear with me It's neurodiverse inclusive certified entertainment on the first try Um, and that is headed by our managing director troi battle. Um, who's been getting a lot of help from gavin petty and they're Basically creating a system by which we can consult Give a grading system and help institutions like theaters um any place where there's entertainment amusement parks even museums and so I think uh, Jeremy this was going to something you were saying before is how can institutions look at themselves um The nice program is meant to be something that we can teach People in the area to then teach other people in the area. Um, we're hoping it's I apologize for this metaphor But we're hoping it spreads like wildfire And that we can uh help a myriad of institutions become more Inviting to everybody um, and I think Uh, I really appreciate this conversation Um, this has been a really lovely time. Jeremy. It's always great to see you. Um, I we just have a couple more minutes Um, so I do I did want to say Uh, thank you for joining us. Uh, if you're watching right now Uh, if you can if you are able, please donate to us. We are Uh, hoping to keep doing the work and keep on inviting more voices to the table Um Thank you for taking a chance on us. We will always take a chance on you and we will always be having open doors Um up soon. We have a another original work by michael john carly called pierroters magic radio, which I have to get ready for um That's at 3 30 The this this festival is continuing on until six tonight and we have another day tomorrow I'm very excited. Uh, so yes, please go to our facebook page Or go to our website st ensemble dot org And donate if you are able and um, if you please reach out to us if you uh, you know Want to collaborate we're always looking for friends. We're looking for contributors. Um, there's Multiple ways you can help artistically financially Using your skills your time your advocacy And I know one thing this group has taught me is Examining your self biases. It's okay to be wrong is one thing st e has taught me. It's okay to Approach something incorrectly with the best of intentions So long as you're willing to adjust and listen to the community you're affecting Um, we're going through a seismic shift in our culture and in theater as well And I think now is the best time to make sure that Is to build long tables and to make sure everyone has a seat at it. There's no reason Inclusion is inclusion is inclusion if you're working through inclusion. There's no exclusion. That's That's it. I You know, we've heard these conversations of people fearing being left out I've learned st is proof to me that If if you're willing to work at it, everyone has a place Uh, so jeremy, thank you for joining us Dan, it's always a pleasure Uh, like I think you to our interpreter And we will be back In just about 14 minutes. Bye everybody. Thank you


What's up everybody, Jason here for Jaspy's Case Breaks.com. 2021 Tops Diamond Icons Baseball just sold out. This is a one box break. Pick your teams number 26. And again guys, this also has a hit list row. So the customers that bought in straight up have a chance to get some break credit back if they go hit list. So what we'll do is we'll take the hit list names, randomize them, and the top two get $50 in break credit. Remember, no diamond backs in here. And numbers 25 through 28 are from the same case. So it looks like we've done one box so far. And of course, here's the customer names that I bought in straight up. Appreciate it guys. And then we had a couple R&Bs, this one here that includes the Angels, Orioles, Cubs, Indians, Mets, A's, Pirates, and Rangers. So good luck to you guys there. And then we have for the Yankees, Giants, Mariners, Cardinals, and Nationals. And of course, like I said, we've done one box so far. So we have box one, three, and four left. So what we'll do here, guys, is let's roll a die. If I roll a one, two, we're going to go with the left side, or box one. Three, four is box three. And then five, six would be box four. Five, one, two, three, four, five, six. All right, guys, here we go. Good luck. My first one to start us off. How about a Nolan Ryan, eight out of 10. Houston Astros edition. Stephen George with that one. That is a beauty. Redemption, we have a single player dual team autograph relic red parallel. Bryce Harper, wow, that's for the Washington Nationals and the Philadelphia Phillies. So that is a randomizer. So Nationals is actually part of the random number block. And the Phillies were bought straight up by Howard. So that would mean that we would have to, like I said, randomize the Phillies and the Nationals to see who wins this relic right here, or autograph relic. And red parallel should be out of five. So of course, if the Nationals were to win, then spot zero were to get this, which would be Mark. Phillies goes to Howard straight up. We have four to 25, Vladimir Guerrero Jr. for the Blue Jays. Harry with that one. Four out of five, Mike Schmidt for the Phillies. Howard, you're definitely gonna get this one. We have a Ricky Henderson. How about three out of five, three color, four color patch, actually. But Seattle Mariners edition. I didn't even know the place for the Mariners. Seattle Mariners, that's gonna go to the R&B. Spot three. PJ, there you go, PJ. We have Carlton Fisk for the Red Sox, 18 out of 25. Howard with the Red Sox. And actually, let's keep count of the hits, actually, of the teams that are hitting. So Red Sox, Phillies hit. Astros and Blue Jades. We have Robin Yell, 15 out of 25, Milwaukee Brewers. Brewers going to Brittany straight up. Brewers, Brittany, there you go. We got Casey Meitz, four out of 10 purple for the Detroit Tigers. That's going to Paul. What's up, TJ? Happy Saturday, man. Detroit Tigers, Paul. Whoa, we got a cut. Cut autograph, Frank Robinson, three out of four. Cincinnati Reds going to Brittany. Look at that. Cut signature. There you go. Sweet hit. And the last hit of the break, Cal Ripken Jr., two out of five. Baltimore Orioles. That's R&B, two Orioles. That's going to Chris Adams. And there you go, guys. So, unfortunately, I know there's gonna be a lot of hit of those customers. They only had one hit for each of the R&Bs. The rest obviously went straight to the customers I bought in. So there you go. And of course, we got that nice cut autograph, Frank Robinson. So we did have one randomizer to do here, guys. So again, this Bryce Harper is a single-player dual-team autographed relic. Red cards should be out of five. And it'll be Nationals and Phillies. So again, if the Phillies win that, I'd go straight to Howard. If the Nationals win that, it'll go to the random number, lock spot zero for Mark. And just to confirm, Astral's hit, so we took out that name. Blue Jay's hit, we took out that name. Phillies hit, we took out that name. Brewers hit, we took out that name. Detroit hit, we took out the name. Cincinnati Reds hit, we took out the name. And Boston Red Sox took out the name. So only these customers here will have a chance to win some break credit as well. So we'll use the same dice roller. Let's fill in the blanks, of course. And again, so it'll be top two, get 50 bucks. And then of course here, it'll be Phillies. So let's roll the dice for both. Use the same one. Five and a six, 11 times. Team number one gets the redemption. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10. Going to the Phillies at the top. Five and a six. Or sorry, no, nationals, what am I saying? Five and a six, 11. Nationals, I don't know why I said it really well. So nationals, that's gonna actually go to the random number block. So that'll go to spot zero in the R&B for the nationals, which would be Mark. 11 times here, top two, get 50 bucks. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Nine, 10, 11 times. Oliver and Sean Barn. So there you go, I'll send you guys 50 bucks each for going hitlets here, really appreciate it guys. I will also upload the next diamond icons as well. So we can get that rolling, jazbyscasebricks.com.


The best way to join our organization is to get your free annual subscription to Newsletter censored with your gift to support this work. The newsletter of hard-hitting truth and news fighting censorship and conservative propaganda since 1977. There is nothing out there like the newsletter censored in the mainstream media or the press. This newsletter is the very best way to join and be a part of our organization. We're living the end times, so you need newsletter censored. Go to www.newslettercensored.com For the real hard-hitting truth, you need newsletter censored. And now, back to the show, by the way. Okay, we are back. Thank you very much. William Hamilton, moral of the third, for your words of wisdom and doing promo. And hopefully, you paused and read the Bible verses 4, How to Defeat a Conservative. How to Defeat a Conservative. All right, we will now get back to the readings. I used to love the Claymore Magazine. Oh, not anymore. And yes, it was mainly for the articles. Yes, sure. Well, you didn't really see much. But I wasn't exactly repulsed by the pictures. They only showed airbrushed pussies.  You didn't really see the parts, the prime parts. You just saw breasts, primarily. And of course, gorgeous young women. All right, go ahead. You may find that an odd admission for an avowed feminist, but I've always felt the argument over the sexual objectification of women tends to miss an important point. Yeah, but it's voluntary. Nobody's holding a shotgun to these women's heads.  Indeed, one of the best parts. So what's wrong in not representing, not presenting women as objects of a lure? What's wrong is behaving as if women can only be objects of a lure, as if they have no place or value beyond that expressed by face and form. Well, you know what? The sex act only lasts so long. Eventually, you have to start communicating with each other. Oh, God forbid! And if you're not compatible, if you don't have mental chemistry, you're not clicking properly, then it's not going to work out.  It's not going to really go long term. All that, there was a post up there on Facebook last night, I think it's called demisexualist or something, a person who requires emotions in his sexuality. Well, women tend to be like that. And then it was a survey. So they wanted people to, you know, do you agree or disagree? Based on reality for men and women, there should be a mental chemistry.  All that said, I've been trying to figure out how I feel about the recent news that Playboy, which pioneered the so-called sophisticated man's magazine, will soon stop publishing nude photos of women. Say bye-bye to Playboy, may it rest in peace. Beginning in March, its models will be scantily clad. You might as well just get sports illustrated or what's that man's magazine? The tip of my tongue, it's a man's magazine. Yeah, the swimsuit model. No, this is another one, Maxim. Oh, that's like Playboy, yeah. Yeah, but there's no news in a man's just scantily clad women and they talk about guy stuff in there. Yeah, yeah. It feels not unlike hearing that Disney World has fired Mickey Mouse or McDonald's has stopped selling big bags. I bet this is all the doing of Hugh Hefner's daughter.   A famous brand, Jet-A-Zing, the very thing for which it is most famous, the thing by which it is defined. It's been 20 years or more since I was even a semi-regular reader of Hugh Hefner's magazine. That is true. I mean, yeah, that's very true. Apparently, I'm not the only one to fall away. In the 70s, when I first picked up Playboy, it claimed a circulation more than 5.5 million. The number has reportedly withered to about 800,000.  Oh, well, that's the way to crab cake crumbles. At one level, then, this is just a new iteration of an old story. Yeah. The decline of print. Jet magazine disappeared from newsstands last year. I see where you're going with this, and I agree. Newsweek's print edition died. Then was resurrected. Many once robust newspapers are now resemble pamphlets. Yeah, because with the popularity of smartphones, people are online constantly. They're online. At another level, however, Playboy's woes and its response to them present an interesting snapshot of a culture that, sexually speaking, pushed the envelope until it tore. At its founding in 1953, after all, Playboy was revolutionary. A frank celebration of carnal pleasures in the Eisenhower era. Well, when Lucy and Ricky were forced to sleep in separate beds. Yeah, and wearing their pajamas, having a button all the way to the top.  And they couldn't say pregnant on TV. Would they say with child or something? Or the stork came in visiting? The stork came in visiting? Years before Elvis. Scandalized America. Knocked up as worse as it is. My wiggling his hips. Yeah, that was a scandal back then. There was Hefner presenting screen goddess, Marilyn Monroe. Yeah, that was a very, it was a conservative nude. Very, yeah, yeah. Hosing starters and coquettish. On red velvet. Monroe and then late after that came Jane Mansfield. I had that picture of Marilyn Monroe somewhere in my morgue. But I don't know where to hell in it. Ann Margaret. You know, then women, they all started coming out of the woodwork. Blondes. Peroxide blondes. Was that actress Tuesday Welleson? But yes. Ursula Andrus of Bridecourt, yeah. It also carried titillation. No pun intended. And 62 years later Playboy has been swallowed by its own revolution. Swapped by its own tsunami. They did a sort of a satire. A satire of Playboy. And penthouse on the odd couple episode with John Aston played the president or CEO of this girly magazine. Yeah, I remember that. As CEO Scott Flanders told The New York Times, you're now one click away from every sex act imaginable for free.  On the internet. So why read magazines? Pictures in a magazine. That's very true. Free porn is abound. It's many websites offer free porn. In other words. All kinds, too. If Playboy was born in an era of repression, it has reached its arpiers in a sexual wild west of free and easy pornography that airbrushed perfection of breasts and back sides feel quaint. You know, an anachronistic. I was told airbrushing is like the before and after of a woman, you know, without makeup, without cosmetics and with cosmetics. Professionally done. They look very different. Like airbrushed photographs in a magazine. The women do not have flawless skin like that. Flawless. And same thing with makeup. I saw photos of before and after celebrities, female, and they look like different women. More to the point. It is an era where in the commodification of the feminine form is ubiquitous. The double entendre has become for some one entendre too many to bother with. And sex is everywhere, all the time, often tiresomely so. Yeah, it's anybody who has access to being online. No matter how old they are or who they are, they can get free porn. They can watch free porn. It's like, I mean, is anything left to the imagination anymore? I don't think so. One doesn't feel liberated from sexual repression. That battle is over. One doesn't even feel titillated. One simply feels numb. And then you have the religious right-winged nuts that are anti-sex completely. Except when they do it. Except when they're involved. That's correct. They get caught. Mr. Swaggart. Mr. Swaggart. I'm talking about conservative politicians. Ditter. On and on and on. Now, who was that Republican that got this I don't know, escort pregnant and insisted on an abortion? And he was very anti-abortion. He was pro-life. He's great. He's great. He's great. He's great. Come on. You know, one of those Republicans that want to do away with Planned Parenthood and abortion completely. Who want to control your life? I'm not there. But when he knocks somebody up. Oh, you got to get an abortion. I guess, you know, my political career cannot be tarnished. Okay, I get it. Insert tabae into slot B and it feels pretty good. But then what? Here's to enter. What does it get? The peg in the hole? Tab A into slot B. Tab A into slot B. Seven bells. The unanswered what is the whole world outside of sex? There is one, you know. I'm gonna, I'm gonna. Though sometimes watching television for all its undeniable success enforcing a more honest appraisal of and appreciation for human sexuality. Hefner's magazine also seems the living embodiment of the axiom about being careful what you wish for. 62 years later we are living in a world playboy made. And if anyone is having trouble doing that, take heart. Apparently playboy's having trouble with it too. Oh well. Nothing lasts forever.  For any company. Yeah. I mean, especially since in this case it's a magazine and reading unfortunately you know, reading the old fashion way is becoming less popular with high technology taking the backseat to high technology. It ain't cutting it, man. Well, the problem I have with online reading are two things. Quite often the font is too small for me to read. And it's very annoying to have to manually you know, enlarging enlarging the font every time I go to a page. Alright, number one, that's that. Number two it's just the glare of trying to read text, large amounts of text online. It's so, so glaring. Yes, it's a strain on the eyes. Unless I, there's a way to preset the font on every single freaking page I go to or preset what is it, the brightness and the contrast of the monitor but no, well I could probably do that to the monitor, the big flat screen but then there's the font. Hey, a lot of those health articles that people post on Holistic Health Talk the font is tiny. I mean really small and sometimes I'm like not only that, the color of the font light blue letters with a white background I can't read this you know, anyway. Lawton, Oklahoma Oh boy, I can imagine what this is. City officials are making changes to public library policies after a man who describes himself as a Satanist reserved space for a book signing. At the public library? At the public you would think he would be at a Barnes & Noble or something. Adam Daniels, 36 founder of the Oklahoma City based church of Araman booked space in accordance with library policy so that his client could read from the sign copies of Aramani Enlightenment. I bring that to a public building, Goethe Barnes & Noble for God's sakes. It's I imagine you could buy it there. A book that explains the basics of the church's non-traditional form of Satanism. Oh, he tweets Satanism. He's a Satanist. In other words it's a little different than the well, don't we have freedom of religion in this country? Yeah, if you want to worship butterflies and you want to start a butterfly cult you can't nobody could really stop you. And get a socialist tax right on? There's the problem. Tax exemption. Tax exemption. Okay. You'll get followers. Believe me today. When locals learned of it they began registering complaints with city officials. Jim Russell assistant city manager said that Daniels was protected under federal law. And next Tuesday's book signing will go forward. But he said the library's advisory committee has drawn up a draft of new policies concerning book signings and public readings. Among the recommendations is attendee age restrictions based on the content. Oh yeah, definitely. Definitely this is not for minors. Paris will be furious. Kids should make their own decisions when it comes to religion. You know, none of it can be proven. That's the funny part of the whole thing. The scientists have found fossil like hints that some kind of life existed on earth 4.1 billion years ago when the planet was a mere volcanic coddler. You'd be surprised what living creatures can survive even extreme temperatures. It's amazing. Well, there are some that live in the volcano itself. Living organisms? Yes. Now, that is incredible. That is 300 million years earlier than it was previously thought life had emerged. Not only does that change scientists' concept of earth soon after it formed about 4.5 billion years ago but it gives them reason to theorize that life itself is more plentiful throughout the universe because it seemed to start up so quickly. They're finding they're finding planets that have an atmosphere and similar temperatures and water and you know, I mean, hey. The study was published on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Now, they're okay there is a possibility that there is life other forms of life in the universe but God if you're serious about your Christianity God chose the earth the earthlings to be the chosen people. You know what I mean? But there is a possibility that there are other different forms of life. Wait, the Bible says there's only one the Bible says there's no other forms of living horseshit horseshit. That's human arrogance. No, no, no, no, no the Bible doesn't say that there is no possibility the Bible says there is no other forms of life you hear what I'm saying? I'm not saying humanoid. There is no other forms of life anywhere in the universe that's human arrogance. It's arrogance, I'm sorry between you and the universe is in decay because of Lucifer and his time spent on the earth you probably think that all the sightings are there are demons in disguise we don't know where they are sightings is galore the Bible also says that the earth was created at the same time as the universe that's something like 13.5 billion years ago, not 4.5 million I could dig that I could accept that, sure the Bible says a lot but to say that is not agreed to by man I do not think but that's you think the interpretation that there is no other forms of life anywhere in the universe I don't think the Bible is saying that what is it saying then? it strictly talks about the creation of the universe it mentions the heavens and it mentions the earth but it does not say there is no other life anywhere in the universe except earth yes it does oh really? deductive reasoning really deductive reasoning here we go his perception versus other people's perception well show me the verse not now but I mean there are many of them you can't show me the verse you just don't you like the concept of knowing the universe how do you know the Bible says that because that's what it does well that's how you interpreted it no that's what it says when you actually read it you see how the fights start well then I want to read it well then read it show me not now do your homework prove all things whole fast that which is good prove it Bill Eisenman doesn't do that for James Madonna James Madonna does it for himself hey buddy boy you misinterpreted that verse lazy baby you misinterpreted that verse there are not one verse there are many verses that as plain as they show you that there is no life except on the planet earth after the resurrection after the other resurrection after the other resurrection and some of those spirit beings move to the other planet then life will be on the other planet but not now so all these the universe is in travail like a pregnant woman about to deliver humans toho and boom humans historically have been shown to be the most arrogant the most naughty pompous self centered creatures on the planet alone on the planet your perception is your interpretation that there is no other life anywhere in the universe that's it I feel like I'm arguing with with Kim with Kim Davis that's it no say you don't accept it read the bible I gotta read the whole book to find the whole book stop being lazy you know you can create bill morrow you're all older men as part of male menopause they have to they have to be right all the time holy shit it's the bible your interpretation might be wrong does it say plain as day bible you're being a baby bible you're being the baby does it say plain as day there's no other life in the universe except earth absolutely read it it's not one scripture the bible has to have all the scriptures put together one's referring to the same thing here a little and there a little what can I search in the concordance what words do you recommend no concordance you have to read the whole sure I'm gonna read that whole big humongous book oh sure end of argument