Hello everyone. My name is Isu Kim and I would like to talk about enhancing observability in cloud-based educational Linux lab environment. And since this is my first time speaking in front of such amazing people, I'm very nervous right now, but I'll just try my best. So, before I start, I would like to quickly introduce about me and my lab. As I have mentioned earlier, my name is Isu Kim and I'm from Daegu University located in South Korea. And I'm currently an undergraduate student in Mobile OS lab and currently my research topics lies on cloud observabilities. To be more specific, I'm interested in systems monitoring and distributed tracing as well. A quick introduction about our lab. As our lab's name indicates, we use to focus on Android operating systems such as mobile operating systems such as Android. However, in recent days, we have been expanding our research topics to following things. So that was pretty much about me and our lab, so let's get started. So, the first topic is that I would like to discuss is the need of cloud for education. In this section, I'm going to talk about why we wanted to build a cloud for education ourselves. So, in our university, we have various coursework from systems programming, operating systems, network programming, which is just a socket programming. And to modifying and compiling Android OSes. And all of those involved in using Linux lab environments. To be more specific, we need lots of physical or virtual computers with Linux environments for students. To provide such a large number of computers, we have tried some methods as listed below. And from the next slide, I'm going to talk about pros and cons of each approach. First approach is using single board computers such as Raspberry Pis. And they are extremely good because we are handing out a physical Linux machine so students can have a hands-on experience from installing to doing hardware actions. Without restrictions. However, in recent days, since Raspberry Pis price is kind of skyrocketing and providing some extra accessories to students are quite expensive. That was one problem. And keeping track of physical devices are quite demanding for human efforts and times as well. So, we have tried the next method which is telling and making students install virtual machines in their environments. The main advantage of using virtual machines is that we do not have to provide anything. So, that means there is no cost for us. And the second advantage of using a virtual machine is that students can recover from their failures or mistakes easily by using snapshots. However, since the virtual machines heavily depend on the students' computers or laptops, there are some students who cannot afford those luxuries. Meaning that some students can barely meet those hardware requirements and those inequalities are not ideal for our environment since we are teaching students how to use them. So, the last thing that we have tried is using a public cloud. And we have been renting some public cloud instances and letting students use them. The good thing about using the public cloud is that they provide easy management over lots of machines like hundreds of students at once. And the second thing is that they provide public IP addresses. That means that students can host like a service or perform like some network actions and that's not limited. However, the problem is that they are a lot pricey compared to other solutions. And since we are paying money over time but we are not getting anything out of it, it's not a good solution in the long term. So, with those backgrounds, we have thought about building a cloud for education for ourselves. As we were trying to build a cloud system ourselves, the basic requirements were shared as the clouds that would be normally in the production environment. Such as, like we also require extensibility, flexibility, scalability and security and so on. However, since we were building our cloud on top of our university's IT infrastructure, we had some more requirements than those in the production environment. The first thing is that we need a virtualized Linux environment per student. And since we were not able to provide each student a physical server or a physical machine, all students have to share a limited number of hardware resources. As you can see in the picture, my left, your right, we got just one rack of server with 10 servers, so that's kind of limited. Also, since we were sharing those hardware resources, that meant we need isolation between students. Also, since we are required to manage lots of students, like 400 plus students at once, like to register and delete those accounts, we need simple management tools. And the second thing is that we needed controlled entry points into the system. In our university, we have been assigned with a number of available public IP addresses. That means that we were unable to provide each student a public IP for their accesses. Besides that, we had extra limitation and school policy for security concerns, which specifically meant that we were now allowed to open any ports to students. For example, if we were to open some specific port like 25565 TCP, we had to get permission from our IT department. So we required a limited and controlled entry points into the cloud system. And last but not least, we were required to have an enhanced observability within the cloud system. Since our resource pool was not enough, we had to take the monitoring into the shared resource utilization. This also required us to monitor each student's detailed activities within their virtualized environments. And I'm going to discuss in the later sections, because this is the most important part. So with those requirements, we have created an overview of our cloud infrastructure and architecture. And that consists of SSH Gateway, HTTPS Ingresses for students access, and management tools for admins to create and delete those virtual machines or containers. As well as an observability tool for each component, including the physical infrastructure. From now on, we are going to talk about the first requirement, which was providing virtualized environments per student. As we were running on self-hosted and bare metal environments, the first option that we came into our mind was OpenStack. OpenStack is great, but it has lots of features. However, those luxury features were kind of over-spec for our requirements. And to support those features, they used a significant amount of resources which were kind of one of our concerns. Also, to be more specific, their complex network topologies were quite challenging for us to properly set up and manage. And since OpenStack is running inside a virtual machine, the observability choices were quite limited as well. Meanwhile, Kubernetes offered basic and simple building blocks such as pods and deployments and persistent volumes. It was especially helpful since it was very easy to set up and manage the whole cluster. And compared to OpenStack, Kubernetes tend to have a lightweight resource usage as well. And since Kubernetes was running on top of containerized environments, they offer a wide range of observability choices. So for our requirement, Kubernetes was better suited for our job. So with those Kubernetes components, as you can see in the picture, we were able to provide a virtualized Linux environment which runs on SSH, Visual Studio Code, and Jupyter Notebook Server as a service. Also, in Kubernetes, those pods migrate across servers. And to preserve our user data inside those containers, such as home directory of a user, we have utilized a persistent volume which is attached to an NFS for a storage backend. Also, lastly, we have created a simple tool which can deploy all those required Kubernetes resources using Kubernetes API as well. So with this, the student was able to have a SSH environment and some online IDE environments. And the second part is controlled entry points. This part is quite straightforward. And the first thing that we had to offer was a single SSH gateway which forwards SSH connections to virtualized environments by users' names. For example, as seen in the picture, Alice and Bob both connect to the same entry points, which is dongle.cloud, but with different user names. However, the SSH connections should be sent to different services within the Kubernetes cluster. For this, we have set up a proxy and a load balancer for exposing IP addresses inside our private network, which is our university network. Also, since we had lots of SSH login attempts, which is for hacking, we also required a firewall service as well. And that blocks malicious accesses to the cloud as well. So that was the first part. And the second part is an HTTPS ingress.  However, this part is quite conventional, and this is used in most of the production environments. So we are not going to talk too much deeply about this. In short, we were utilizing reverse proxies from Nginx for our ingresses. So that was pretty much our overall architecture for the environment. And by using those two components, we were able to build a cloud for education. Let's just watch a simple demonstration video. I'll just play. So as you can see in the left, as you can see in the right, those are different usernames. The first one ends with JP00, and the second thing ends with 01. And they will both connect to the cloud, and they will be first asked to change the passwords by force. And that's quite long, so I'll just skip it. So the second user will log in as well, and we offer online web services as well. The visual studio code, which works like a GitHub code. That was the first one. And the second user will use a Jupyter notebook online service, just like a Google's Colab. Yes, there was pretty much all of the features within our cloud environments. Yes. So the third thing that was required was enhanced observabilities, which is a big topic for us. And from now on, I'm going to tell why observability within our cloud environment was the most important thing. So the first question is that why do we need observability within our cloud environment? The first reason is that we are using a limited resources. This is quite straightforward, because production environment as well will do such monitoring to optimize their hardware or some other resources. However, the second reason is quite characteristic, I guess. And since we are mainly targeting our cloud services for students, and students are in a learning stage, meaning that students are pretty much amateur administrators. So I'll just provide some motivating examples and sharing some cases which happened in the production environment for us as well. The first scenario is that students are burning up operating system resources. For example, student A was burning too much or too many processes in the server. We teach multi-processing and multi-threading in some classes, such as operating systems and network programming. However, students are not quite familiar with the concept of a process and threats, which they have to program. So they have difficulty in managing specifically the child processes and threats as well. These problems eventually lead to students forgetting to kill child processes and make a lot of zombie processes. Due to this, the operating systems resources are being used too much. Students will use some system calls such as fork or clone to create a process or a threat. And this affects the host since the containers are sharing the kernel with the host as well. And the second thing is there are limited number of processes that can be spawned in a machine, and that is just an example of the first reason as well. The picture in the right is an image that during our operating systems course, lots of students fail to manage those child processes effectively. So we got hundreds of processes and taking almost 97% of our CPU usages. So that was the first reason and the second reason is that they are burning up hardware resources. There was a student B who tried to find a hash collision by writing random hashes into a file until it collides. So he was quite unlucky and he had to write over 90 plus gigabytes to find a hash collision. So in this case, there are two problems within this scenario. The first one is that the students or the hardware resources specifically are using CPU resources. For example, if we were to just create an infinite loop without any system calls or other things, it would take lots of CPU time as well. Also, combined with the first scenario, let's just imagine what will happen if we have unmanaged multi-threads and unmanaged multi-processing connected to an infinite loop. And yes, this can be easily solved by using some features in Kubernetes such as limits from requests. However, the next problem is quite difficult to deal with. The next problem is IO resources. Since we were using networked storage, which is an NFS server, there were limited bandwidth and lots of traffic being shared. Meaning that we have to share traffic between NFS server and a physical server that's running the pod and the capabilities of the then switch as well. And also, we can just create a limit of size that can be written to a persistent volume using Kubernetes persistent volume specs. However, those does not avoid from users taking up lots of IO resources. Meaning that some would just write and delete and write and delete and delete to a single file. That's just counted as just one file and that's not being controlled at all. And also the security issues were another scenario. And the first one is that students do not usually know what they're executing. They just copy and paste some random shells from internet without verifying. And this can lead to potentially security problems which to be more specific, we had crypto jacking which is like somebody entering into a system and hiding crypto currencies and sending them to their wallets. That was one. And the second thing is that we are getting lots of SSH logins per day. So due to those three scenarios, we require enhanced observability within our cloud system as well. So we now know that we need an enhanced observability. And the next thing is that we have to define those requirements for the observability solutions. And those narrow down to three topics mainly. The first thing is real-time resource usage monitoring. And this is quite conventional requirements for observability. And we require cluster-level usage monitoring views such as CPU memory and IO usage per containers as well. The second thing was detailed insights within each virtualized environment. We need to monitor users' activities inside containers. And by those users' activities, those include system calls and events within hosts as well. And this was the biggest requirement. And this was considered one of the biggest requirements that we had. The third thing is minimize performance overhead. Since we are running low-on resources and do not have a dedicated platform for observability, we require sharing those resources while running those virtualized environments as well. This especially is required for both collecting system information in the cloud as well as visualizing and querying those information. So with those three requirements, we have looked for possible options and combinations for observability. To be more specific, we required a two-leveled observability using two different combinations of system observability tools. First, we needed an overview, resource usage, and the second thing that we needed was detailed insights within each component. So for real-time metric-based monitoring, we have deployed Prometheus and Grafana combination. And as pretty much lots of people know, this is quite used a lot in other Kubernetes cluster as well. And since Prometheus is said to be optimized for storing high-frequency metric collection, this was especially suitable for real-time CPU and memory and IU usage for the cluster information as effectively. On the other hand, for detailed insights within each component, we have selected EVPF and ELK stack on Elastic Stack. And since Elastic Stack was optimized for log analysis and troubleshooting, as well as some machine learning features for anomaly detections, this was a quite great combination. Also, in terms of performance, ELK stack is said to be optimized for a large number of log data as well. So with those two combinations, two-leveled observabilities, we were able to achieve a higher level of observability as well. The first thing is that the first combination, which is Prometheus and Grafana, was quite used for retriving multiple metrics, such as the hardware resource usages inside a Kubernetes worker and collecting some metrics for each container inside those Kubernetes using the QB API. So with those two collectors, Prometheus does a metric pooling and stores them into a centralized database. And also we have also set up an alert system, which is fired when a specified amount of resource in the cluster has been used or some pod is using up too much resources and all those kind of stuff. Also, with using Grafana, we can visualize those real-time and time-series data, like the graph that I'm going to show in the later slide. So as you can see in this slide, this was our two-hour programming exam, which took a few months ago. And in those programming exam sessions, we had over 50 students just actively accessing the whole service as well. So in this scenario, Prometheus and Grafana has proven that it is quite great at monitoring and observing those real-time resource usages as well. So the next thing was EVPF and ELK stack. And before I dive into the second thing, I would just like to have a small time introducing EVPF. EVPF stands for Extended Berkeley Packet Filter. And as I'm guessing, there will be some people in this room who has heard of EVPF or has actual experiences using EVPF as well. So it basically extends capabilities of Linux kernel in runtime. This means that you do not have to modify the kernel source code or make Linux kernel modules at all. And in recent days, EVPF is quite used a lot in production environment for especially observability collection, tracing applications and troubleshooting with debugging, and also enforcing security context to a container runtime as well. So for us to use EVPF in the Kubernetes cluster, we had to have some multiple EVPF agents running inside each node and collecting those in-system logs and later send them to a centralized database. This was quite easy and easily solved by using Tetragon. Tetragon is an EVPF-based security observability and runtime enforcement tool and it can perform security events with, it can collect security events with Kubernetes aware contexts, meaning that it's capable of identifying a pod and its namespace when there is some process running inside a host as EVPF collects. Also, Tetragon exports those logs as a well-known format and with using those well-known formats, we were able to further export those data into our ELK stack or something else. So that was with introduction about EVPF and I'll dive into the second part. So with EVPF and Tetragon, which is the same thing, not the same thing but Tetragon and EVPF and with ELK combined, we can collect detailed system logs by EVPF in Tetragon and store those logs using elastic search and visualize them using the Kibana, which is just an ELK stack. So as shown in the picture below, Tetragon collects system information like a JSON and we had to bridge that part and after that, that was quite straightforward. So I'm going to show you a small demo but those were three scenarios that we were trying to demonstrate but unfortunately, EVPF and Tetragon has limited support for monitoring user space and user activities in user spaces. So we were quite not prepared for that one so I'm just going to demonstrate the first one and the third one. So the right side of the terminal is a Tetragon agent, a Tetragon monitor which collects live data from those containers. And as you can see, I have made a CURL request to that specific IP and as shown in the right picture, we can pretty much monitor that it's actually connecting a TCP connection and receiving such information, receiving traffic from it. And for example, let's do another thing which is creating a random file using DD and by using that command as it's writing file to disk, in the Tetragon part, we can see that it is actually connecting to the NFS server and writing those files as well. And since we were quite difficult to see those information in just terminal environments, we have exported them to the Elasticsearch part. So as shown in the video, we can pretty much see that some binaries are being... That was too fast. Binaries are being executed with some arguments and type of a system calls. As you can see in the right, there is a X64 SysRite which is a system writes a system call and the context it was requested on. And for the network information, we can also see those network information since the network are basically using those system calls. As you can see there are source IP addresses and destination IP addresses for a specific container as well. So basically that was the first part and the second part that as I have mentioned earlier, we have lots of processes being not managed properly. So I'm going to drop a fork bomb using Bash command and it will trigger lots of system calls as shown in the right side as well as SSH1. And it's creating lots of processes and since... So basically that was another example of monitoring those system calls as well. Yep. Ah, I'm sorry. And the third thing was failed SSH logins as we are getting lots of SSH logins per day which are basically trying to sneak into our system. The first right terminal will log in as my administrator account and we'll be doing a tail minus F for observing those SSH logins. The right part, I'm going to use the SSH and connect it with like wrong credentials. I'll just do it three times and that was it. And after that, we can visualize that using the ELK stack. As seen here, we can see OSS Japan which was connecting was not properly connected as well. So that was the second part. So with using those two combinations, we are quite able to achieve such observabilities as well. So for conclusion, I'm going to talk about like small achievements that we have made and our goals for the future as well. We were able to construct a cloud-based lab using Kubernetes and we provided access to virtualize Linux environments per user using controlled entry points in the system which we talked before. And we also constructed a measurement tool which can deploy lots of users at once and we were able to achieve lots of observabilities as shown like before. And the further challenges ahead. However, there were lots of extra challenges. The first one was the storage problem. Since we are relying our user data on a network storage which basically is a NAS with a hard disk drive, the performance overhead and performance degradation is quite high. The graph on your right top side is just for your reference and we did a simple FIO benchmark for writing and reading some random files. And as you can see, the blue side is native storage which our server runs in. And the red thing is the part when we try to write a file into a pod which is mounted to the NFS. So as you can see, the performance degradation is quite high. And also, as mentioned before, since we are sharing the network traffic inside a single cluster, the amount that we are trying to use for the NFS is taking up the traffic that should be shared with those Kubernetes nodes as well. And we have too many duplicated files. As I have mentioned earlier, we teach some courses with Android operating systems as well. We modify them and compile them so we have to have the full source code available. And as you can see in the graph below, we have lots of Android files and less amount of user data in here. So we have to deal with those duplicated files because students just modify a small bit of part and just share lots of same files as well. So that was one problem. And the second problem that we had was containers are basically sharing kernels. So we were unable to support kernel programming or some system CTL commands to each student. And since the kernel is being shared by the container and the host, using hardware requires privileged containers and privileged pods, which are not ideal in Kubernetes environment. So we are currently working on virtual machine VM-based Kubernetes extension, which is called Quake Cloud. And we are also working on enhancing observabilities within virtual machines as well. So that was a brief further challenges. And for future works, we are of course going to work on improving the cloud system and mitigating such challenges as well as the virtualized machine-based Kubernetes extension as well. And for security, we are trying to create a platform for enhanced security. And as we can just simply observe, but we cannot take action. So we are trying to perform some security enhancement or enforcement, which can be triggered on the fly. So we are trying to make a real-time kernel-level container security enforcement, such as using LS and BPFs. And also we are working on intercontainer causalities with distributed tracing, meaning that some container triggered another container to take action and another container was required to do some other jobs. And also anomaly detection and intrusion detection using machine learning technologies as well. And also besides those, since we were focusing on enhancing observability, we had privacy and less priority. And also the confidential data that students might be holding inside their containers. So we are trying to provide enhanced observability, but at the same time preserve those privacy issues as well. So it ends the presentation and I was sort of nervous and thanks everyone for listening. And I would gladly take questions here or outside this hall as well. Thank you so much. First of all, I think it was a great presentation. So I couldn't tell you nervous at all. So you use observability more of a reactive approach and I think it's great. Are you looking to use it as a feedback loop to some actions, as a feedback loop to be more proactive? Are you asking us if we are trying to build a platform that kind of feeds into the system and determines which is wrong and right? So for example, you mentioned the resource utilization, right? Yes. Technically it's a metric. You can use that metric to trigger some kind of automation to either put resource limits or kick out the pod out of the cluster. Are you looking into that? For now we are just doing a rule-based approach but in the future we are trying to do what you are trying to say, those kind of like positive feedback loops. Depending on the past data, we are trying to improve those rule-based actions as well as those kind of things that you have mentioned. Hello. Thanks for sharing. So you mentioned you use EBPF to minimize the performance impact. So have you done some benchmark on this performance impact? How much is it? Yes. We have internally performed multiple tests using EBPF. For example, I cannot remember the exact number but by using LSNBPF we were able to have like 9 to 11 percent degradation. We have optimized poorly but just for reference that's one number and by using like K-Probes or TracePoints we can get like boards and that number as well. So that's kind of a number that we can kind of like ignore as a performance overhead and that's kind of bearable for us. So thank you. Thank you everyone again and have a nice day.


that if you look very carefully at how your heart is when you pray, if you look very carefully at how your heart is when you recite the Qur'an, and if you look very carefully at how your heart is when you send salawat upon Sayyidina Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, these are the three touchstones, if you will, that we can determine our state with our Lord Subhanahu wa ta'ala.


Is this too good to give away? Hello everyone, Dylan Schumacher, Sibdel Defense, and we are back with another edition of American Minuteman Gear. And today we're going to talk about the Flick, the FLC, which is America's old way of carrying equipment, right? This is a low bearing vest, kind of what we maybe not started GWAT with, but had during GWAT, now it's kind of been phased out into more of the traditional, I say that in quotes, chest rig, you know, like a tap's chest rig. And this is not my idea. I actually stole this from Roman Alpha 6, which if I got your name wrong buddy, I apologize, I will make sure to tag you in this so you get full credit, because credit where credit's due, this is not my idea. And he had purchased a Flick and kind of set it up, and I really, really like that video and how he set it up, and I thought that looks interesting. So I bought one, and there's a couple things here that I think are interesting. One is, I think this makes excellent giveaway kit. It's because it's so affordable, right? I bought this in the traditional ACU, you know, garbage, for all in with the pouches, like 70 bucks. Now, I've added my own mag pouches on here, right? This is a Condor, this is an AO 500 armor. This is a med pouch from Dark Angel Medical. So there are more things on here than just that.  So I'm gonna put that on, because that's a less used mag pouch. The mag pouches I did get with it, I bought them on eBay, used from some surplus store, and the mag pouches were pretty, they were pretty worn, they work, but they were pretty worn. So, dyed it, right? So you gotta put that into the costs, because I did a dye job on it, and then kind of rolled with it. This was a med pouch that came with it that I just turned into a GP pouch, and then I have canteen pouches back here on the other side. So, that's a quick layout of the land here. I originally bought that for a giveaway kit, right? So I can have it, and I can give it away to someone, because it's kind of where I'm at right now, is figuring out how I can have affordable, reliable giveaway kit that I can give to people. So, bought it for that purpose. Went out and ran it once on a patrol, and I was extremely impressed. Like, it was really comfortable, because of this way this carries. Once you get this kind of dialed in, as far as the straps on the back here to tighten and adjust it, and once you get it dialed in, it rides super comfortable. And we did a patrol at night for, I don't know, two or three hours, something like that, and all the work was this. I did it, I'll show you in a minute, but it does come with a pack, like a waste pack that you could put here, and I had that on there. I did have my poncho stuffed in the top, and cinched down. I did lose the poncho. I don't know if that was a me thing, because we were going through some brush, or if that didn't have it cinched down enough thing, or if it's just an actual equipment failure that you can't retain it. But, whatever, aside from that one issue, everything ran beautifully. Super comfortable to walk around in for a couple hours. I was really impressed.  I didn't weigh it, but I guess, I don't know, 15, 20 pounds, whatever that weighs, probably more like 20, 25 with the water on there. So super comfortable to be able to wear. And I thought, man, right now I'm running the Onward Research Chest Rates, and my main squeeze. And I thought, this could maybe push that out, and I could maybe, maybe be a man of this. So let's talk about the advantages and disadvantages here. Now, I don't have it on there right now, but this is the waist pack that goes on the back. It has two molly clippings, I don't know which ones, two ways to attach it to molly, right? Just on the back here. And then this is a real simple kind of butt pack-like thing. It's called a waist pack. It also comes with this strap here, so that you could just wear it like a waist pack, I guess. I don't know, I usually stuff that down in the side here. There's a little hole, and you can unclip and stuff the straps in there. That's what I had Don and I attach this to the back. Carrying a pack with this attached. That's going to be questionable, okay? As you can see right here, here's me wearing this with a pack.  So full disclosure there, okay? But it fits pretty comfortable. I think I could. I don't see why you couldn't wear this with a pack. But that is going to preclude you from the butt pack, probably. You're going to have it sit on top whenever, but I think that'd be uncomfortable. The other thing that this kit setup precludes is carrying a pistol. I was actually carrying outside the waistband today, and when I started to get this video ready, I put this on over my pistol. I had to take my pistol off because it just, it rides too close to my hip to be able to have a pistol here. So those are things you're definitely going to lose. That being said, I would say it's almost as comfortable as a, you know, around the hip kind of waistband setup. And because this is mesh and this is vented, it breathes really well. So super happy on those fronts, right? Super comfortable, breathes really well. Another really big advantage of this kind of kit setup that I like is that you can wear it in a vehicle. Because if I wear it like this, no butt pack, my back is clean. And because my back is clean, I can comfortably sit in a vehicle, right? So I can sit, I can do vehicle stuff in and out of this. If I wanted to wear plates, I could adjust this so it's a little bit bigger in the inside and just put plates on and throw this over my plates. I might feel a little Michelin Mani at that point, but my point is you could do it and then you don't have to change kit setups.  All my stuff is in the same spot. All my stuff is set up the same way and now I can work. So I like being able to do that. So I think this, the flick here, has a lot of different options.  As far as giveaway kit goes, I think it's a winner. I ended up getting two of these.  That was a mistake, so I regret that. That's why I dyed the second one I got green because it's a much more visually appealing color. And if you're not looking good, you know, well, then I don't want to dye ugly. So big fan of it. And I have this one set up for giveaway one and I'll probably move this one towards that giveaway one. And again, it came with the original pouches, right, which are a little worn but functional. So I like them so much. I got two of them. I think it's super comfortable. And for, again, the 7080, let's just say, you could spend $100 to get this kitted out. I think that's going to be cool with you. And it's probably, you know, if you were to buy this all brand new from the latest tactical store, you'd probably spend, I don't know, 300 bucks, maybe four for this kind of setup. Like it's a legit comfortable, feasible setup. The fact that it works with them without a rug is great. The fact that you have that butt pack, you can flex in and out is also great.  You can do that. You can carry two quarts of water on you. Again, I could wear like a camel back or whatever in my pack to carry more and you can easily plus up and plus down. That's a really big thing to me these days in these videos is being able to flex up and flex down with your kit so that you can have it adjusted towards, you know, whatever situation it is you're encountering. So if you were at all where I am and you're considering that good giveaway kit and even when I first started talking about giveaway kit, a couple of you mentioned in the comments, hey, I just get a flick. So again, you're way smarter than me. But if you're all in that realm thinking about how would I do giveaway kit, then I would highly recommend going out and getting a surplus flick. You can run this with all surplus pouches. This is the iFAC pouch that is the official, you know, iFAC pouch of the area. And I, on my other one, I have a full iFAC stuffed in here. I've just made this one into a GP pouch. This is a padded case that is originally made for the canteen pouches and this fits actually in this iFAC pouch pretty well.  So big fan of the versatility of these. You can stuff an iFAC, like I said, I'm just using this one as a GP pouch. You can do, you can flex into a lot of different places and you could build someone a full kit. So you can hand them and say, hey, you got two quarts of water, you have an iFAC, you have mags on the inside of the flick. Again, a lot of you probably already know this, but just in case you're new here and just in case you don't know this, on the inside of the flick, it has these large flat admin pouches, right? So you could put your map in there or you could put, you know, your notepad or whatever. As long as it's paper-like and flat, you're going to be just fine and it's going to fit in right in here just fine and it has those on both sides. So I really like that option to be able to get flex in my gloves or whatever is going to go in there. And if you ever need to do, you should be able to throw this on, right? You can run it open for a while. It's not as comfortable, but again, if I could grab and go and I could just grab it, throw it around, grab my rifle and now I can go do stuff. And then when I get time, I can zip this up and cinch it down and make it more comfortable. So, or if I just am patrolling and I need to dump some heat, you could again open this up and dump some heat. That being said, this is super breathable and very, very comfortable. And I would consider making it my potential main kit, but as giveaway kit goes, it is fantastic. So this is my endorsement of the Flix setup, particularly for giveaway kit. I like that it's versatile. I like that it's affordable. I like that it's versatile, similar to the chest rig where you can flex up and down with the pack and flex up and down with armor, right? That's important to be able to do to meet your variety of whatever it is you think you're going to be doing. So I like those. The only downside is you can't run a pistol with it and if you run the butt pack with it, you can't run a pack with it.  So that to me is really holy and plus the fact that you can run a butt pack if you want and then if you don't need it, you just do run a full-size pack like a man. So, you know, make your decisions. I hope that's helpful. I hope that gives you some ideas. I hope that gives you an affordable way to either build kit for yourself or to have a kit piece stored away for someone else. Do your brave deeds and then do it. To be able to have a pistol. So those are the social things you're definitely going to want.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss a question which says that expand 2 minus 3x whole place to power 5 by 2 to 3 times. Now before starting the solution of this question, we should know the expansion of a binomial expression. And that is 1 plus x raised to power n is equal to 1 plus nx plus n into n minus 1 over 1 into 2 into x square plus n into n minus 1 into n minus 2 over 1 into 2 into 3 into x cube plus so on up to infinity where absolute value of x is less than 1 and n be any fraction. Now this result will work out as a key idea for solving out this question. Now we will start with the solution. Here we have to expand 2 minus 3x whole raise to power 5 by 2. Now before expanding this we have to make the first term equal to unity. So this will be equal to 2 raise to power 5 by 2 inside 1 minus 3 by 2x whole raise to power 5 by 2. Now using the expansion which is given in the key idea here x is minus 3 by 2x and n is 5 by 2. Now we have to expand this so this will be equal to 2 raise to power 5 by 2 inside 1 plus nx which is 5 by 2 into minus 3 by 2x plus n into n minus 1 that means 5 by 2 into 5 by 2 minus 1 over 1 into 2 into x square x is minus 3 by 2x so it will be minus 3 by 2x whole square plus so on. So this will be equal to 2 raise to power 5 by 2 inside 1 minus 5 into 3 is 15 and 2 into 2 is 4 so it will be 15 by 4x plus 5 by 2 into 5 by 2 minus 1 is 3 by 2 over 1 into 2 is 2 into minus 3 by 2x whole square is 9 by 4x square plus so on. Further this will be equal to 2 raise to power 5 by 2 inside 1 minus 15 by 4x plus on solving this it will be 15 by 8 into 9 by 4x square plus so on and this will be equal to 2 raise to power 5 by 2 inside 1 minus 15 by 4x plus 15 into 9 is 135 and 8 into 4 is 32 so it will be 135 over 32x square plus so on. Hence the expansion of 2 minus 3x whole raise to power 5 by 2 up to 3 terms is equal to 2 raise to power 5 by 2 inside 1 minus 15 by 4x plus 135 over 32x square plus so on. So this is the solution of the given question and that's all for this session. Hope you all have enjoyed the session.


President's Chief of Staff, Femi Bajabiamila, has revealed that a provisional wage increase President Bolatimba announced for all low-grade workers for six months will cause across all workers. They followed a four-hour meeting between leaders of the organized labor and representatives of the federal government held at the Arsutra presidential villa. He expressed optimism that the labor unions would backtrack on the nationwide strike plan for Tuesday. People have rejected President Bolatimba's $25,000 provisional wage increment for low-grade workers. It also rejected the government's proposed six-month period for the provisional increase covers. But it should run until a new minimum wage is approved. The unions also insisted that the wage increase be reviewed upwards to $35,000. Do you see labor on government side? We will hopefully expect that labor will call the meeting of their various branches and executive tomorrow to present the agreements that have been reached and we pray and we believe and we hope that the strike will be called off on Tuesday. There was a lot of chatter on Twitter about the issue of low-income workers only falling into the category of the wage bill and they supported that and that as well. We did communicate with the president and he quickly did say and agree that all categories of workers will be given the wage bill. It's nothing like low-income, middle-income or high-income. It's very important for us to underscore something. Labor and government are not adversaries. Labor and government are working at least way forward in partnership for the good of the common man. That's important to underscore. Thank you very much. What the chief of staff have said while the meeting, you know, we have looked at almost all the issues, all the promissory notes, you know, from the government and we looked at how to translate them to reality and to be workable and then we're going to take those promises to our organs. Of course, you know, these people here cannot just look up and review and call off action. So like he said, we're hopeful that our organs will have a look at them and give a fresh mandate on what we have to do. Let me, on behalf of the TUC, also point out to the fact that we've had a series of conversations surrounding the issue raised and we do hope that by tomorrow we are going to get across to our organs so that we can also look at it and cross-fertilize ideas and see the way forward. I'm sure we are coming. Hello. Hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


You know, I look at the progress of mankind and I've read a little bit about history and in just a few thousand years we've come from farming, to being able to manufacture food in a test tube practically, from being able to walk on the ground following an animal, to being able to launch a rocket into space that will take us to the moon and bring us back. So I just think it's a wonderful thing to be part of this process and to be adding to the store of knowledge. Now everything that we now face because of our success, now that we can inhabit every square inch of the earth, now of course we now produce new kinds of problems that have technical parts of their solutions. So if you discover that there's oil has been spilled someplace, well maybe there's a technical process to go get it back. If you say, well we need to think of a kind of fuel that is renewable, well there's technical content to that, let's work on that. So human beings have been on earth looking about like we look now for about 100,000 years. Probably there were people even before that, but they were different. But only in the last 25 years we're seeing this incredible rapid growth of our abilities and our growth of our population and so everything is still in front of us. The world is changing so quickly and scientists have enough a lot to do with which way it's going to be able to go.


And of course the question is can a third force party challenge the APC and PDP's dominance in Nigerian politics. Conversations have currently of course been ongoing across the country. The head of media and public affairs of the National Consultative Front claims that third force movement is growing across Nigeria and of course maybe perhaps with some 36 million people and counting. The People's Democratic Party PDP had since February 29, 1999 been in power predominantly at the federal level until March the 31st, 2015. Then the APC took over. Nigeria's electorate were told that the need for change led to the emergence of the APC which was formed in February 6, 2013. The masses believed it was to counter the corruption and unsatisfactory governance by the People's Democratic Party. Tango Yusuna was a guest on our morning show The Breakfast. He believes the third force is gaining momentum. There are concerns that the third force are basically media hype for prominent fellows who have lost out from their party's scheme of things to remain relevant. Tango also speaks of the possibility of a third force in the governorship election in an Ambra state. International observers and election monitors have the opinions too. Mostly systemic failure of our electoral system. An Ambra election is closed. Will that be a test for the authenticity of any third force?


Satellite images taken March 31 appear to show a mass burial site near St. Andrew Church in Buche, Ukraine, as Russia faces accusations of killing civilians. In Spain, U.S. agents seize a ship owned by Russian businessman Viktor Vekselberg in Mallorca. The U.S. has frozen all Vekselberg's property over his links to Russia's president. Results in Serbia's presidential election show President Aleksandr Vuchic easily winning re-election with nearly 60% of the vote. And Hong Kong leader Kerry Lam says she will not seek another five-year term in office.


Hi everybody, my name is Johanna Funk and I'm Janice Krider and today we're going to be presenting our pre-recorded session about how we're refreshing the narrative open educational practice in STEM pedagogy for primary teachers. So I'll just start sharing our presentation. So we're from the College of Indigenous Futures Education and Arts at Charles Darwin University in Northern Australia. And our theme for this presentation for the conference is open in action. We want to first acknowledge that we are sitting on Larakia country in the far north of what's known as Australia. We acknowledge the traditional owners of the lands on which we meet and work and pay our respects to elders past and present. And of course extend that respect to any first peoples joining us today. We're especially grateful to be able to engage with some of the knowledge that's been shared with us to continue growing equitable learning in our roles here at the university. So from my perspective, I've been part of the open education research community for eight years now. And I've always enjoyed that democratization access to education and learning and the ability to open up the representation of learning and knowledge to different communities of students and learners and knowledge holders. And it struck me as we were developing this research project that we're doing on this unit that the four discrete disciplinary areas of STEM is a very much a privileged field. And so I'm starting to see a shift from the learning resource that used to be static and expensive and only accessible to certain groups of people. To now adaptable and democratized and accessible to participation from lots of different groups of people. So the way that we're talking about stem now in this presentation and in this unit for primary school teachers is including their ownership of their learning and how stem is present in culturally diverse and socially diverse context that we live in. Thanks to Hannah and I'll just add my background has been predominantly in science education and STEM education and working as a scientist in the field. My main area of research has been STEM and science and science related professions or workplaces and gender. So when it comes to democratizing the the field of STEM and science, it's a key interest to me. My predominantly my work experience as a scientist has been working with Indigenous communities. And that certainly opened my eyes to different understandings of STEM. I completed a science degree in natural resource management and GIS remote sensing, and then almost immediately went to work in Arnhem Land in Australia in a role actually looking at working with local Indigenous Rangers to develop a database that could integrate Aboriginal understandings and knowledge of natural resource management with Western concepts. From that experience, I realized how close STEM in the Western world tends to be or how close science perceptions tend to be. And so now I definitely work to democratize and be inclusive of all types of knowledge in STEM and different practices. As well as a large number of First Nations students at the university, we're both working in teacher education. And so when we're working with our students who are pre-service teachers, we are aware that the context that they're going to be teaching in as primary school teachers is very much in that Australian context where they'll be teaching on First Nations traditional land. Now particularly for students across the top end of Australia, most of the students in their primary school classrooms will be Indigenous students. They'll be First Nations students who will, depending on their family and cultural experiences, have different levels of knowledge and understanding of both Western and First Nations STEM knowledges. So another really great aspect of this unit is the redesign story and how Janice and I got to develop our co-teaching approach and the way we model collegial feedback and discussion. And so we got really excited and I reached out to all my contacts and found a bunch of different ways that we could use case studies and guest lectures. And so moving from the top there is a fire map that is in collaboration with the North Australian Fire Information Service, but also a lot of links to Indigenous Ranger groups that work in collaboration with fire. And then there's the engineering of the Indigenous fish traps that has become part of an art form now in galleries. We've got a current exhibit at the Art Gallery here at CDU where we took students in the Zoom session to the gallery and they participated in an excursion with us like that. We of course have a seasonal calendar from Dr. Guthajaka, who is an eminent Yolo scholar with CDU. We've got crocodiles hatching where Janice has done a lot of work with. And so we speak to those experiences of her working with Ranger groups, monitoring with GIS remote sensing, lots of flora and fauna out in the Arnhem Land region. And I of course have a contact who's the field epidemiologist and working for the World Health Organization. So we got to really get a wonderful privileged insight into epidemiology. And the biggest thing that we take home with us is the ability to discuss and engage with the social and artistic humanitarian aspects of these STEM fields. So we're doing a lot of that inquiry based pedagogy that's of course really lends itself to open educational practice. We're developing a press book for the students assignments to be published in and that we can add to with every body, every cohort of students. And we're using a peer feedback tool and discussion boards to really inform how we go about our weekly lectures or workshops. And model those things for the students. So that's my little redesign story. Janice, do you have anything you want to add? One thing that I'm really enjoying about this approach to STEM is that our focus for this part of semester is actually on STEM pedagogy. So we introduce students to STEM pedagogy through stories. And usually every week we start the workshop with Johanna telling a story from usually one of the Indigenous or First Nations STEM case studies. And this tends to open our minds not only from a STEM perspective but from a philosophical perspective. And it's also a major shift in if we go back to trying to make STEM available to everyday. This is a major shift on where STEM usually begins. Usually STEM begins with Western STEM, usually very masculine knowledge systems. Commonly we see STEM studies starting with machines or digital technology. So in this shift we actually go to the land and sitting in Australia on First Nations land is a privilege. So it's actually really good to be able to make that our starting point every week, even if the stories are coming from other places. Through these stories and then through discussion and interrogation of the signs behind them. I think this lends itself to our next slide but people have been commenting, the pre-service teachers have been commenting on how positive this approach is for them. Because they feel as if they become involved in the story and have space to think out and define what's going on. And at first people were saying we're not quite sure what's expected of us. But that seems to have become an advantage rather than a disadvantage in the units because students have become much more relaxed to this idea that they're allowed to ponder and explore. And in actual fact that's something that's integral to the units because we really want to promote inquiry based learning, which needs us to take that exploration and be not afraid to try things. And that's why we've been using feedback tools to try and encourage students to share with each other. And so there's a lot of peer support but also peer tutoring and peer learning going on through that tool. And that's also one thing Johanna and I have been trying to role model in our weekly workshops with the students. Over to you now Johanna. So just to paraphrase this is one very lovely comment that we received today. A student said they love how Janice and Johanna bones off each other to women in science giving examples and positive feedback to one another and how how lovely and refreshing is that in comparison to the you know the dominant kind of work force development industrial link heavy tell you know narrative about stem that you know via this kind of previously and historically really said you know, like you said, white and Eurocentric masculine eyes kind of field. We're actually demonstrating the way stem shows up in the world that we live in and thereby making it more accessible to to students but also to our students future students in primary school classrooms, which is so exciting. Yeah. It's quite I've taught in quite a few schools Johanna and this is. This is a different approach to stem and when it comes to the first nations knowledges. Usually they come in later we talk about stem and then we introduce them as something that's possible. So to reiterate, I'm very much enjoying that the, the starting point here is with first nation stories and knowledge, but also the, the, the opening shared feedback and opportunities that the students have and the fact that their work can actually go into the press book and be shared. I'm feeling more confident like so often in my experience as a teacher in schools and too often, like I say students learn science and maths that is far removed from their daily life. And what I feel we're encouraging through this unit is not only to make the stem field accessible for our pre service teachers but to definitely equip them to go into a classroom. They will encourage students to start engaging with what's happening to them personally and within their community. It makes me realize that we're doing open practices here on with with this discipline area and moving it away from a discrete discipline area into a more socialized understanding so it's been so far it's only halfway through semester and it's a real pleasure. It's just the start of this concept because almost this is like a pilot project and we're looking at developing other related units so that we can have similar outcomes for the future. And hopefully influence how stem and science is taught in terms of gender culture and all the other intersectionalities that exist that act as barriers to stem and science. Beautiful. I think that says it right there. So thank you so much everybody for listening and thank you. We will be answering questions as we go obviously so we'll see you. We'll see you on the day. See you on the day and I'm enjoying how it doesn't put any captions up for me. Obviously the artificial intelligence doesn't isn't advanced enough to to take on certain accents. Clearly. Thank you Johanna. Thank you Janice. Thanks everybody. Thanks bye.


The story you're about to hear is true, the names have been changed to protect the innocent.  You're assigned a homicide detail. An attractive blonde secretary is found beaten to death in a downtown office building. You've only one lead to start with, a length of steel pipe wrapped in heavy paper. There's no trace of the killer. Your job? Get him. The documented drama of an actual crime. For the next 30 minutes in cooperation with the Los Angeles police department, you will travel step by step on the side of the law through an actual case transcribed from official police files. From beginning to end, from crime to punishment, Dragnet is the story of your police force in action. It was Wednesday, September 28th. It was hot in Los Angeles. We were working the night watch out a homicide detail. My partner's Ben Romero. The boss is Thad Brown, chief of detectives. My name's Friday. I was on the way back from the crime lab, and it was 1148 p.m. when I got to room 42. Homicide. Romero? Ben? Hey, Romero? Not here. You, Friday? Oh, yeah. Lopie, how are you? You seen Romero around the last half hour? I'm supposed to meet him here. Well, he's come and gone. Still around the building, though. Got a call. What was it about, you know? Yeah, I was on that killing tonight. Call came from one of the cruiser cars checking the neighborhood down where it happened. Yeah, did they find something? Picked up a guy about three blocks in the murder scene, acting suspicious. Men in the cruiser car figured maybe you'd want to talk to him. They're bringing the man in now? Yeah. Yeah, you've been over checking with the crime lab? Yeah, there's not much. Murder weapons about all we got so far. It's a piece of pipe with heavy manila paper wrapped around it. Uh-huh. Are the fingerprints doing any good? Yeah, they lifted a lot of fingerprints. They all belong to the victim. None of them are foreign. Hey, you got a toothpick, Joe. Had corn on the cob from there. No, I haven't. Why don't you try the top drawer over there in Mike Penya's desk? He usually has... Oh, yes. Thanks. I understand why there wasn't much to look at the killing, I mean. It was a pretty vicious thing. The girl took a terrible beating. Who found the body? One of the scrub women in the building. It was an office up on the 9th floor, import, export company. The victim was a secretary there. She's a pretty girl. She dead long? Must have happened around 7 o'clock tonight. That's my figure. It's just a guess. What's the girl's name? Been identified yet? Yeah, Adele Pryor. Her boss is out of town. She was working in the office alone. There was no one suspicious seeing entering or leaving the office around the time of the murder. There's no one we know of, anyway. You know, it's going to take a lot of checking. Yeah. Any idea what the motive could have been? Well, it wasn't robbery. They didn't keep any cash in the office. As far as we know, the girl wasn't carrying much money. We'll start making the rounds in the morning, checking with her friends, see what we can pick up. Joe Friday, you're on. Yeah, I'm right here. Back here, Ben. Oh, hi, Joe. Hi. Hi. They bring the guy in, Ben? Mm-hmm. I'll be brief you about it, Joe. Yeah, a cruiser car picked up a suspicious-looking guy near the murder scene. Is that about the size of it? A little more than that. They found the man beating his head against a brick wall in the back alley about two blocks from the office building where we found the body. Guy had been drinking heavily, and when they picked him up, he was pretty far gone. Kept mumbling something about how he didn't deserve to live, or he's a murderer, killer, not too coherent. They asked him about the dead girl, Adele Pryor? Yeah, but the stuff he said didn't make much sense.  We might as well see what we can get out of him before we book him in, huh? Got him in the interrogation room now. Okay, give it a try anyway. Any calls come in. You know where to find us, Lopie. Yeah, sure, right here. Thanks a lot. Did you check with the crime lab, Joe? Yeah, about all we're sure of is the murder weapon. No prints, no other physical evidence. Maybe it won't matter. Got half an idea. We might have the killer now. The guy they picked up? How'd he figure it out? Just a hunch. I don't think he's as drunk as he pretends. We're gonna have to place him a lot closer to the murder scene than two blocks away. You can't prove a thing the way it stands. I was downstairs when they brought the man in. I talked to him while he was bringing up the interrogation room here.  All right. Said he was with her an hour before she died. Shortly before eight o'clock that night, a scrub woman in a downtown office building near the intersection of 8th and South Grand Avenue entered an office on the ninth floor of the building to do her usual cleaning chores. Lying face down behind a desk in the small office, she found the body of 28-year-old Secretary Adele Pryor beaten to death. When we arrived at the scene, routine investigation began, but almost immediately we found ourselves down a blind alley. Repeated questioning of all persons in or about the office building failed to turn up anything in the way of leads. Thorough investigation of the murder scene with the crime lab crew met with the same kind of luck. They knew they had the murder weapon. That was all. The deputy coroner arrived and removed the body to the morgue for posting. At 10 o'clock that night, three hours after the approximate time of the prior girl's death, officers in a cruiser car patrolling the area found a drunken man butting his head against a cement wall and muttering incoherently about a murder. He was picked up and taken immediately to the interrogation room where Ben and I questioned him. We'd talked to him a full hour before he began to make sense. He gave his name as Robert French, age 34, an unemployed electrical engineer. While we questioned him, two men from homicide were sent to check the hotel room where French told us he was staying. I don't know. I guess I had three or four drinks at Dusty's place and I went down the street to the Blue Canary. I had some more drinks there. I don't remember what happened after that. I wasn't feeling so good. You say you were drinking at Dusty's place around 7 p.m., is that right, French? Suppose so. I wasn't watching the clock. I guess it was around 7. Well, did you talk to anybody while you were in the bar? No, just the bartender. His name's Sarge. I don't know his last name. He'll tell you I was there. What time was it when you got to Dusty's place, French? I couldn't tell you for sure. About 6.30 maybe. Sarge could probably tell you the bartender. When you were coming up in the elevator, you told us you knew Adele Pryor. Yeah, I knew her. Used to work for her husband or ex-husband, I mean. They've been divorced seven, eight years now. You said you saw Adele Pryor in her office late this afternoon, French. What was the reason for the visit? I borrowed a couple of dollars from her. She was always pretty good that way. Nice kid.  Well, how about the show that you were putting on out in the street tonight, French?  What was that all about? Drunk. Really drunk. Felt so low I wanted to kill myself.  Well, how's that? You're remorseful? Felt sorry for something you'd done? I don't know. I don't think of any special reason for it when I get that way. I just keep thinking I want to die. I haven't got the nerve for it, though I know that like my old man always used to tell me. I haven't got the nerve to do anything right. Just wasn't born that way. I guess that's it. Do you use narcotics, French? No. I haven't even got the nerve for that. Booze, that's all. It's good enough for me. Say, do you think we could go out for a cup of coffee? Maybe I could use it. We'll have some brought up, huh? Ben, you mind going down the hall and check with Lopey? Ask him to have some coffee brought up, huh? Yeah, okay. And see if those two men had checked back in yet, would you? Right? Appreciate it, Sergeant.  I'd like to ask you a little more about the prior, girlfriend. Just how well did you know her? Not too well. I guess I used to see her maybe once a month. Up there at her office? Yeah, that's right. She was a nice girl. Whenever I was broke, I could always depend on her for a couple of bucks. I liked her. She was a nice person. Did you ever go out with her? Oh, no. I never did. No romance stuff. I didn't like her that way. She was just a good person. We got along okay. You want a cigarette? No, thanks. It's full of cotton already. How about this business of Adele prior lending you money? Do you think quite a bit of you? Well, I did her a couple of favors once. When I was working for her husband, she was still married to him. She was going out with a guy she liked on the side. She was out with this guy once, and I saw him together. She asked me not to say anything, so I didn't. Before she got a divorce, I used to cover up for her all the time. She never forgot it, I guess. How about when you saw her in her office tonight? Franchise, she seemed all right to you. Yeah, same as ever. Ask her if she could lend me a five, and she did. I left. It was about a quarter after six, I guess. Or anyone else in the office when you left? Yeah. There was a guy waiting in the little reception room there. Didn't know who he was. You remember what he looked like? Well, tall fella, about my size, my age. Joe, can I see you a minute? Yeah. Dorothy and Brian have checked in and just got back from going over Franchise's hotel room. They find anything? White shirt, a pair of brown shoes, a pair of dark trousers. What about them? Blood stains on all of them. The stained pieces of clothing found in the suspect's hotel room were delivered to Lieutenant Lee Jones at the crime lab for detailed examination. Coffee was brought in, and Ben and I continued to question Franch until about 4 a.m. He denied any knowledge or complicity in the killing of 28-year-old Adele Pryor. He told us the blood stain clothing in his hotel room was the result of an accident he'd been in two weeks before when he'd been drinking heavily. He was checked through R&I while we talked to him, but he had no previous criminal record. Franch kept insisting that we check on the tall, dark-haired man who'd been waiting in the reception room of the prior girl's office the night before when Franch left her. We gave the description of the suspect, along with the MO to the stats office, requesting them to furnish us with any information regarding any assaults or any solved or unsolved murder. At 4.15 a.m., we booked in Robert Franch at the main jail on suspicion of 187 PC murder. The next morning at 10 a.m., the legwork began. Lopez and Dorothy from Homicide started checking on the background and alibi of the suspect, Robert Franch. It didn't hold much water. None of the people at either of the bars where Franch said he'd been drinking at the time of the murder could definitely vouch for his presence, but they all volunteered the information that no matter how much he drank, Franch was never violent toward other people, only himself. Lopez and Dorothy continued investigating the suspect while Ben and I checked on the background of the victim, Adele Pryor. At 8.25 p.m., we got back to the office. Lopez, are you and Dorothy doing any good? Nothing to celebrate over. Long day, tired feet. What'd you find out, Lopez? Anything new at all? Oh, maybe Franch is our man. Can't prove it by me. Every place we checked, everybody we talked to, same answer. He's a smart guy with a good education. He's on the bottle, and he's out of work. Everybody seems to like him. He gets drunk, but he never bothers anybody. That's about the worst anybody could say about him. Drinks too much. Well, how about he's being friends with a dead girl? Did he get anything there? Yeah, and only proves he was telling you the truth, though. As far as we could find out, there was nothing going between the two of them. Everything we got only verifies what he told you. He had no interest in the girl except a bar offer when he was broke. You got in touch with the girl's ex-husband, did you? Yeah, he couldn't add anything. All clear there. Hey, uh, by the way here, Lee Jones called from the crime line just before he came in. What did he have, Lopie? Finished testing the bloodstains in those clothes they found in Franch's hotel room. None of the stains on him match the victim's blood type. It's another dead end. Yeah. It's sure hard to figure. You got anything else, Lopie? Oh, yeah. You're good, Lee's tough. A report for you from the stats office. Oh, thank you.  Yeah, I did. What's it look like? Just a minute. Yeah, it doesn't help much. Looks like more leg work. What's that, Joe? Well, Franch told us when he left to Dell prior last night there was a man in the reception room waiting to see her. He gave us the guy's description and the stats office made a run on it for us. This is the best one they got. Yeah. Guy's name is William Tanner, WMA 33 years old, 6 foot 195 pounds, dark hair, dark complexion. Fits a description. Franch gave us the guy. The rest of it's a lot closer to home. What do you mean? William Tanner was a prominent suspect in the Donaldson murder last September. Testimony of friends and relatives subsequently cleared him. Donaldson's murder is still unsolved. What's the point? Well, the same thing that killed Donaldson killed a Dell prior. What do you mean? Piece of steel pipe wrapped in paper. To the working detective assigned to examine a criminal case, the element of coincidence when it occurs generally serves to complicate any investigation. Toward the solution of the crime, coincidence may mean a lot or it may mean nothing. In any event, it can't be dismissed. This time we had two examples of coincidence to deal with. A girl had been beaten to death in an office building. Within two blocks of the murder scene, we found a man fairly well acquainted with a victim who admitted seeing the girl within an hour of her death. Primary investigation uncovered some facts which tended to incriminate the man, some facts which tended to prove him innocent. Was his presence in the immediate neighborhood of the killing only coincidental? Or was he there at the particular time for the purpose of murder? We didn't know. By the same token, a man by the name of William Tanner was suspected one year before of beating an elderly woman to death with an identical murder weapon, a length of steel pipe wrapped in paper. This same person, William Tanner, matched the description of a man reportedly seen entering Adele Pryor's office shortly before she was murdered. Tanner also had a criminal record of one conviction for assault. Maybe it was a lead, maybe it was nothing. It had to be checked out. We showed Tanner's mugshot to our first murder suspect, Robert French, but he failed to identify it. We went to William Tanner's last known address, but he'd moved. We checked with his next of kin, his brother, Martin Tanner. He was with the city fire department. We found him on duty at the neighborhood fire station on Norwich Avenue. No, I'm afraid not, Sergeant. I haven't seen my brother Bill in three weeks now. If he's not at his apartment, I couldn't tell you where to find him. We tried the last address we had on him. He wasn't there. 8625 Norman Road? Oh, no, no. He moved out of there six, seven months ago. I got his new address in my locker. I can give it to you if you want. We'd appreciate it. Yeah. Okay, back this way and then upstairs. All right. What's it about, Sergeant? My brother in some kind of trouble again, I guess, huh? Oh, it's just a routine check. You sound like you almost expect your brother to be in trouble, Tanner. I'm going to tell you the truth. I guess I do. I don't know what... Excuse me, man. No, it's not our call. Well, how would you mean that, Tanner? What's happened to your brother? Well, to tell you the truth, I don't know. Bill and I used to live together with our mother. Ma died about two years ago. I don't think Bill ever really got over it. He was a lot closer to Ma than I was. I see. After she died, he drank quite a bit for a while, and he tried women, lots of them. After that, he turned to religion. We thought that had helped. Would have, too. Except that he's an odd guy. He even finds ways of distorting the Bible. I guess he's still pretty religious. He goes to all the revivals, the tent meetings, all that kind of thing. Uh-huh. Do you know any of his women friends? Yeah, I do. Two or three of them. How about the name Adele Pryor? Does that mean anything to you? Uh-huh. Would she be kind of a pretty girl, blonde hair, nice clothes? Yeah, that's right. Have you met her, Tanner? Yeah, Bill had me meet her once. He seemed to like her quite a bit. Why? Was he pretty serious about her, or would you know that? Yeah, he was serious about her all right. He told me that. I don't think it worked both ways, though. It looked to me like she was playing the field. Bill took it way too serious. How do you mean? Well, they went together steady for a while, and then they broke it up. She did, I mean. Uh-huh. How'd your brother take that? Not so good. I remember the night about a month ago. Never saw Bill like that before. Real bad shape. Wasn't drinking either. Is that so? Never saw Bill like that in my life. Like what, Tanner?   Before we left the fire station, we got William Tanner's new address from his brother, Martin. It was the same address as that of the murdered girl, Adele Pryor, an apartment house close by the intersection of Wilshire and La Brea. Tanner's apartment was on the third floor, just down the hall from the Pryor girl's apartment. But Tanner wasn't there. The apartment manager told us he'd moved out the night before without leaving a forwarding address. Ben put in a call to the suspect's place of business in industrial chemical company, where Tanner was employed as assistant office manager. What was the reason, sir? Oh, I see. Uh-huh. Yeah, well, all right. Thanks very much. We'll be checking with you later. Bye. What'd they say? Tanner left yesterday, quit without giving any notice. Told him he had a better job lined up. Where? South America. Saturday, October 1st, 8 a.m. We got out of broadcast and an APB on murder suspect William Tanner. We checked with a local U.S. State Department office, but they had no record of granting a passport recently to a William Tanner to travel in a South American country. We talked to the various consulates in the city representing South American nations, but none of them had issued a visa to a William Tanner recently. Or anyone answering his description? Together with Brian and Lopez from Homicide, Ben and I continued the search for the missing suspect. The deeper we checked into his background, the more we became convinced that, mentally, Tanner was far from normal. Most of the people who knew the suspect told us the same story his brother had given us. In recent months, Tanner had taken strongly to religion. He attended revival meetings and similar religious exercises every night in the week. He talked nothing but repentance. He quoted the scriptures constantly. He adopted the habit of carrying a Bible with him wherever he went, reading from it aloud every chance he got. He kept urging his friends to join him in being saved. On Monday, October 3rd, we began a check of the various revival halls. On Wednesday, October 5th, we found him. He was attending a gospel revival in a meeting hall in the south end of the city. He told us he had a room in a small hotel directly above the meeting hall, but he seemed reluctant to take us up there. While Lopez and Brian got a pass key from the manager and went up to check the room, Ben and I questioned Tanner downstairs in the lobby of the meeting hall. I'm sorry to hear about Dell. What happened to her? It's a terrible thing, isn't it? Yes, sir. We understand you and you and Dell prior fairly well, Mr. Tanner. Is that correct? Yes, that's correct. I liked her quite a bit at one time. You see a lot of each other. I was engaged to her, you know. Well, how is it you never married, Tanner? Did she break off the engagement? No, no. I was lucky. I found out in time. I broke off with her. What do you mean, you found out in time? What did you find out? I found the truth, Sergeant. The everlasting word. For know this and understand that no unclean person or covetous one has any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God. For these have given themselves up in disparate sensuality, readily practicing every kind of uncleanness. Do not then become partakers with them. That's the everlasting word, Sergeant, the holy book. Yes, sir. I'm not quite sure I follow you. Open your eyes and ears to the everlasting word and you will know and understand all things. It's a very simple officer. I don't want to say anything uncharitable about her. Adele wasn't for me. I'm glad I found out in time, that's all. When's the last time you saw her, Tanner? You remember? No, I don't. Not exactly. I think I saw her a week or so before it happened before they found her dead. Where was that that you saw her? How's that? I say, where was it the last time you saw her? On the street. It was downtown somewhere. I passed her on the street. You used to live in the same apartment how she did, isn't that right? Just down the hall from her? Yes, sir. I did. Why? And for a full week, you didn't happen to see the prior girl around the apartment building at all? No, that's right. When I broke off with Adele, that was it. I had no reason to see her anymore. Well, it's not too clear, Tanner. It doesn't jib with what we've been told about you and the prior girl. Well, the lies, of course. I suppose you know that. Adele's a beautiful girl. Very beautiful. A lot of men she knew were jealous of her. All the way we understand it, Tanner. You never did break off with Miss Pryor. You were going around with her, and you were seen with her right up to the day of her death. Well, that's certainly a lie, and I can prove that. As soon as I found out about Adele, that was weeks before she was killed. As soon as I found out, that was the end. I broke off with her right away. I'd like to know what you're referring to, Tanner. You found out what? Adele. Adele. She was one of those. Huh? I'm sorry. She was. The sinner. I almost went out of my mind when I found out she knew it was wrong. She must have known. It was right there in the book for anybody to read. Do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its lusts. Now, look, Tanner, what are you trying to tell us? It was terrible. She sinned all the time. She committed terrible sins. Will you come into this side room over here? I can tell you all about her. I'd just as soon not talk about it here. I'm sure. Go ahead. And here. Just one question before you get started, Tanner. Yes? Did you ever visit Adele prior to a place of visions downtown at her office? No, I never did. Why? Did you visit Adele prior at her office the day she was killed? The Lord is my witness, Sergeant. I have nothing to fear. Why should you ask me that question? Oh, we have a report that you were seen going into the office less than an hour before the prior girl was murdered. I'd like to have you clarify that for us, if you would. Certainly. It's a lie. I'm sure you weren't in that office with her just before she died. Well, let me tell you about her sins. There was never anything as evil as this, Sergeant. Is that right? Yes. It was a terrible shock. I liked Adele. I think I loved her. We'd been going out for two months. Sometimes I'd take her here so that she could learn about the everlasting word, so that she could know about the terrible sins some people commit, or drinking and parties and carrying on. Things no one should do, especially girls like Adele. Beautiful girl. How can you be sure she was doing anything wrong, Tanner? Do you have any real proof of that? Everything, Sergeant. I knew. Just knowing that she was sinning against the Lord. Did you know any of the other men she went out with? They were sinful. I knew that. They only liked Adele because she was beautiful. Did you know any of the men, Tanner? Did you know for a fact that there was anything wrong? I knew everything, Sergeant. She was a beautiful girl, and I thought she was a woman of the Lord, and I wanted her for my wife. But she gave in to sin. Now, I guess that's her business, Tanner, how she lived. We're trying to find out how she died. Well, just let me tell you about it. I'd lie there in the dark in my room upstairs, and I'd wait to hear her come in down the hall. It was always late, two and three o'clock in the morning, I'd hear her come in. You still haven't told us, Tanner. What about the men she went out with this program? Slays of the devil, every one of them. I thought I'd go out of my mind. All right, now, come on. You want to tell us, Mr. Hobotic, is that what made you do it? No, wait a minute. You don't want to wait to listen. You say, made me do it, made me do what? I think you know what we mean, Tanner. You want to tell us now? It's a terrible thing, all this sin around us. It's a grave thing, the whole world. There is not one just man. There is none who understands. There is none who seeks after God. There is none who does good. No, not even one. The throat is an open sepulcher, where their tongues they have dealt deceitfully.  Destruction and misery are in their ways, and the path of peace they have not known. There's no fear of God before their eyes. No fear of God. Yes, sir. We're still like an answer to our question. Maybe we could talk a little better downtown. The wisdom and the knowledge is here and now. I knew Adele and her terrible sins, they had to be paid for. Adele had to pay for every one of them. You want to get to the point, Mr. Knopf. What is it? What are you trying to tell us? The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the charity of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all. Amen. So she sinned and so she died. Yeah. In the name of God and in the name of our Lord. Amen. I killed her. William Harold Tanner was brought downtown immediately where he volunteered a complete statement admitting full guilt for the murder of Adele Pryor. Bloodstained clothing found in his room corroborated his story. It was obvious that the man was mentally unbalanced. He gave us the details of how he murdered Adele Pryor because she spurned his attentions. We began questioning him about the Donaldson murder, which had taken place more than a year before and which was still unsolved. The victim, 64-year-old Louise Donaldson, had met death in the same manner as Adele Pryor. No, I didn't know the old lady, but she had money. I'd been told that. I was broken. I needed the cash, so I thought it'd be a good thing. This was in September a year ago that you murdered her? Yes, sir. September, all right. She was all alone. She didn't have anybody. She was sick. I probably did her a favor. Your package here says that you figured in the investigation on the plot to blow up the Rexmore Hotel about three years ago, homemade bomb planted in the basement of the hotel. Yes, that was mine three years ago in September. You never could have traced it.  I hated those hotel people. That's right. What was the matter? I worked at that hotel once, you know. Worked hard, too. One Saturday they held up a paycheck. I didn't get it till next Tuesday. Never forgot that. September. September? Now, what's that got to do with it? I don't know, really. September's always been the time that's all. I work into some kind of trouble. Last four years, every September, I don't know what it is. Seems to be the best time to get rid of them. Yeah, September. It's always September. I didn't really want to kill Adele. It wasn't anything else I could do. She was a sinner. Yeah. Drinking, running around, she committed sins all the time. Worse kind of sins. Terrible. Let me tell you, maybe you better check the book, Tanner. You're way ahead of her. What do you mean? What kind of sins worse than murder? The story you have just heard was true. The names were changed to protect the innocent. On January 10th, the trial was held in Superior Court, Department 87, City and County of Los Angeles, State of California. In a moment, the results of that trial. Further investigation proved beyond the doubt that William Tanner, besides murdering Adele prior, had also taken the life of 64-year-old Louise Donaldson the year before. And that he was responsible for the attempted bombing of the Rexmore Hotel the year before that. After examination by three psychiatrist appointed by the state, the suspect was found to be sane at the time of the murders. Tanner was convicted of first-degree murder and received the death penalty. He was executed in the lethal gas chamber at the State Penitentiary, San Quentin, California. You have just heard DRAGNET, a series of authentic cases from official files. Technical advice comes from the Office of Chief of Police W.H. Parker, Los Angeles Police Department.


The good people of Ansleray Canaries, it is that time of the year again to celebrate our progress and cherish our opportunities in the last 12 months. It is a year, indeed, to remember. During that time, we attained major milestones like the commencement of the Roso Tavana Road Rehabitation Project. I remain most grateful for your patience as the work progresses. We reflect also on the tremendous success of revamping the Ansleray Fishery and Economic Impetus for many fishermen, vendors and local businesses. While we have commenced 25 small infrastructure projects under the Constituency Development Program, we expect to see their full completion by January 2018. Works on the Canaries playing field and the court facility are also expected to commence in January in an effort to build on the strong sporting prowess of our people. These are just a few of the many developments that will take shape in the new year. But for now, we celebrate the beauty of our children and extol them with love and adoration during our Christmas events across the Constituency, and say thanks to our elderly by the construction of at least four housing projects. We must remember those who have built our country and our communities, those that have laid the foundation for our generation. Let their sacrifices, courage and perseverance not go in vain as we chart our own course into the future. Let us also remember the sick and the other vulnerable groups as we observe the holidays. A big thank you to all of you for your support, kindness, love and passion for the community during the last year. And I look forward to working even closer with you towards the total transformation of Ansleray Canaries. A merry Christmas and a prosperous 2018. To all of you, God bless you.