Chesterfield King size at the new low price Chesterfield regular Around Dodge City and in the territory on West There's just one way to handle the killers in the spoilers and that's with a US martial and the smell of gun smoke Gun smoke starring William Conrad transcribed story of the violence that moved west with young America and the story of a man who moved with it I'm that man Matt Dillon United States martial the first man they look for and the last they want to meet It's a chancey job, and it makes a man watchful and a little lonely Chester, I sure am glad you're back only been gone a couple of hours That's all it takes a couple of hours only becker's been shot only becker You know I'm that little sod buster lives out near a clear spring. Oh, yeah. Yeah, he's up at dock. Do you want to see him? Yeah? Well, tell me about it. Well, sir all I know is he was gambling this morning over at the Texas Trail He left there a little afternoon and then some fellas found him laying in an alley with a bullet in him But can he talk? No, sir. He's been unconscious the whole time, but doc working on him in here. How is he doc? He's dead, right? About 10 minutes ago I'm a becker Now who does shot a harmless little man like that harmless is right He didn't even have a pocket knife on him and besides he was shot in the back. Maybe it was an accident of some kind accident Chester I once tried to save a man who pulled a scythe across the back of his neck by accident Yes, and I remember a boy who fell between the slats of a fence and got hung But I never heard of a man shooting himself in the back by accident Well, I meant maybe somebody else done of course somebody else did it. I know that I meant by mistake Chester Chester are you sure you've been keeping your hat on when you're walking around in the sun? Oh, you're just mad because only becker died on was nothing I could do to save him. He bled to death Inside. Oh, you did what you could doc. Yeah, that's what I did. Did the honey say anything? Anything at all? No, Maddie never even opened his eyes Now they were shot in the back so it wasn't anybody he was fighting with well I don't know mr. Dillon only was fighting or at least have an argument over a car this morning with that gambler What's his name Al Clovis or the Texas trail? He was Well, I didn't just say so before just I never heard of this Al Clovis. Oh, he's only been here about a week doc Just a you wait here. I'm going over the Texas trail. You said you whoa. Hello, Marshall. Hello, John Oh, hi, you're kidding is Al Clovis here. I was wondering when you'd get around to him. What do you mean? I heard about only becker and Al Clovis threatened him this noon just before only went out and got shot Almost seemed like Al was trying to start a fight with him.  I don't know him that well Matt And maybe had another reason to kill him If he did it Shooting little ony beckers like shooting a pet deer makes about as much sense.  Maybe he only had something on him Yeah, maybe he was in here a while ago, but he left now I'll find him he might be at the depot Matt at the depot He said something about going to st. Louis now everything's been taken care of here I didn't know what he meant at the time, but he said it loud and I know the train leaves at 430 for 30 That's about that now and maybe he said it just to throw you off his trail. Well, I'll find out I'll see you later kitty better hurry mad This is George Fenerman in choosing your cigarette Be sure to remember this You will like Chesterfield best because only Chesterfield has the right combination of the world's best tobacco Tobacco's that are highest in quality low and nicotine best for you You and I smoke for relaxation for comfort for satisfaction and in the whole wide world No cigarette satisfies like a Chesterfield Get a carton of Chesterfield today Chesterfield regular Chesterfield King's eyes Both at the same price in most places in regular or King's eyes You can get them either way the best smoke ever made the Chesterfield you buy today Smokers coast to coast are changing. It's a cinch to do here's all you have to say to get the one That's best for you Chesterfield's for me Chesterfield's for me You just say it's Chesterfield's for me One more car go Mr. Jones Foul Clovis ain't in there. He ain't on this train. Well, he might have fooled us after all Chester He could be riding with while we're heading east we'll never find him Let's take a look into this car before we walk in, huh? Yes, sir I sure don't see him not in there. I don't unless that's him down there lying back with his hat pulled over his face It could be I'll let better be now come on Hey wake up mr. Hmm. Come on. Come on. Wake up What do you want? Marshall Dylan What are you doing here keep your hands on your knees Clovis tight? Well, what's this all about more you carry in a gun? Why should I carry a gun? Stand up Clovis Come on. Stand up. Okay What for all right search him Chester now keep the one side of him out of my way Don't you try nothing Clovis? Why should I told you it was an arm? Ain't nothing on him. All right Okay, you can sit on clothes. I don't understand this Marshall What are you looking for?   Did I say that Marshall?  I'm not running no reason why I should that's the truth Marshall Where were you when only becker was killed? I was wondering when you asked me that I suppose you got an alibi You know mr.  I suppose you'll take his word for it Yeah, sure. I will well we were discussing the money I placed in the bank when I arrived in Dodge a week ago $5,000 Marshall but your botkin is gonna transfer it to the st. Louis for me Just a yes, sir go up and tell the engineer to stop the train at Jane's crossing Stop the train. There's a ranch about a mile from there where we can borrow some horses I thought you said we were spending the night at Great Bend Marshall. I changed my mind clothes Your story doesn't make much sense, and I want to get back to dodge and find out why Be about midnight Sure is and I'm tired I'm not a horse in years. Oh, well, why didn't you say so Clovis? We'd have borrowed a wagon for you never mind Chester Now you take him on down to the jail and lock him up, huh? I'm gonna stop here at mr. Botkin's house his lights still on Want me to go in with you Marshall? I'll let you know what he has to say Clovis I'll be long a little while Chester Matt Dillon mr. Botkin Marshall come in I Wouldn't have bothered you this late mr. Botkin, but I saw your light was on and I figured you were still up Of course, I'm up. How could I sleep tonight? Why what's wrong where have you been Marshall the whole town of Dodge been looking for you Fine time for you to be up riding off somewhere. I must say won't tell me what happened. What happened Don't you know even yet? What are you doing here at my house? Well if you'll calm down? I'll tell you you'll tell me I'd better tell you Marshall Well, you're out gallivanting around in the prairie somewhere's my bank was held up What about five o'clock just as we were closing three men that got away with over $25,000 every cent of cash. I hadn't that walled Marshall. Oh, didn't anybody try to follow them? Oh, they tied me in them cashiers up to tight. They were miles out of town for we could get loose There's a few men saw him leave, but they were afraid to do anything about it And of course the United States Marshall. He wasn't even in town Did you got a look at him? No, no, they were masked Nobody I found can even identify their horses. They're just gone Marshall With $25,000 Look mr. Buck and I came here to ask you a question It might have something to do with your bank being robbed. Oh Well, what is it? Was Al Clovis with you in your office about noon today? Clovis Yes, he was for a couple of hours. Why he had some money on deposit. Yeah at $5,000 cash Course that's gone too. That's part of the money. They took Fred Clovis is broke now Along with me and a lot of other people. Maybe he isn't as broke as you think. Oh, he's broke Unless you can get that money back Mars. Look, I got an idea. I might find it for you, mr. Barkin And it won't take very long either He won't be taking no more trains for a while good. What'd you find out for mr. Bucking and I'll tell you and Clovis at the same time just well, he's right in the first cell well, Marshall Come to turn me loose Mr. Bucking says your alibi is good Clovis if you didn't believe me in the first place she'd have saved us all a lot of trouble Yeah Well, let me out. I don't want to spend the night here You better get used to it Clovis. You're gonna be spending a lot of nights in here. What at least a month or two of them No They can't keep me here Marshal. It's illegal. Is it of course it is Well, maybe you know more about the law than I do Clovis But I run this jail and you're gonna stay here a long time Now what's more? I'm gonna tell the whole town where you are. Come on Chester Marshal I demand to be released at once.  Dylan. I am But he ain't done nothing. I mean if mr. Bucking said he is with him. Well Clovis didn't kill only becker if that's what you mean Well, and why don't you turn him loose Chester? The bank was robbed at $25,000 today It was yeah, just after we got on the train Looks to me like only becker was murdered just to get me to follow Al Clovis out of town Well, we'll find out in a few minutes I don't think Clovis can stand the idea of sitting in jail while his partners ride off with all that money You mean he was supposed to get out of here and meet them as soon as his alibi was made good, huh? That's the only way it makes sense to me Marshall Dylan well, it didn't take as long as I thought Marshall I gotta talk to you all right Go ahead Really gonna keep me in jail here. You mean that That's all you want it. Don't bother me again. Don't go what do you want then it's late Clovis. I want to get to bed Marshall I'll make you a deal About what? If I help you get back whatever was stolen from the bank today Can I keep my $5,000 out of it? How did you know the bank was robbed Clovis? You're smart Marshall. I can tell you got this all figured holding me in jail and all But I'm smart too. I am smart enough to know you need me as much as I need you You'll never find those men without me Marshall, but I can take you to where they are And I'll identify them for you. Why? All I want out of it is my $5,000 now. That's mine You can do what you like with the rest the court will have to decide about your $5,000 not me Will you think there's a chance I might get it?  It'll help my showing you where they are one. Yeah, it'll help. Okay I'm supposed to meet them tonight early tomorrow, Marshall. They won't wait longer than that. All right Who are they? They're not friends of mine, Marshall. I never saw them before two weeks ago in st. Louis And they're all hiding behind summer names. How far is the way to meet in place? Hey, it's an old cabin about 20 miles from here. They're there now. Nobody stopped them here. Did they? No Thanks to you But I'm helping you now Marshall if I find your partners you are Chester go get our horses. We're going out there tonight, mr. Dillon Would you rather try it in broad daylight Chester? No, sir One way cigarettes one size that is are almost obsolete because they just don't give smokers what they want Either way, you'll like Chesterfield best It's America's most popular two-way cigarette Because only Chesterfield gives you the right combination of the world's best tobaccos Tobaccos that are highest in quality low in nicotine best for you You and I smoke for relaxation for comfort for satisfaction and in the whole wide world No, cigarette satisfies like a Chesterfield You smoke with the greatest possible pleasure when your cigarette is Chesterfield Yes, these six words highest in quality Low in nicotine Mean Chesterfield is best for you Get a carton of Chesterfield Chesterfield regular Chesterfield king sign both at the same price in most places Yes, sure you can find this cabin Clovis made the ride out here one night just to be sure That's where I can hardly see nothing. I wish that moon wasn't all scutted up with cloud Chester you still don't understand that if you can see them they can see you. That's right. Oh, you're right mr. Dillon It sure looks like rain. No We're almost there good Marshall Yeah How are you gonna take them three men? What's the matter Clovis?  Look, why don't you give me a gun? I'll help you will manage you can trust me Marshall I'm on your side now Clovis. I wouldn't trust a man like you if you're in church Crying somewhere over there Yeah There it is That little clump of elder the cabins in there and you see the light Ah, are you sure that's it? Of course.   So forget about okay. Okay I declare I never seen a darker night in this is No Need to die Yeah, what's the matter? It's my horse. He's standing on my foot. We'll push him off.  Dillon gets back here.  He is tell him Clovis got my gun mr. Dillon tell him if he doesn't walk over here with his hands up I'll shoot you He's gonna take us both to the cabin mr. Dillon.  I tell you he's probably clear up there at the cabin. Okay. I Start walking Chester.  No, sir.  Come on. Come on. All right, let's get up to that cabin. They know we're out here now Mr. Dillon They're gone. Yeah I Just don't know what to say. Don't say anything. Let's try to find our horses. We'll get Clovis later We never find them horses in the darkest way Rain Well, that's it. There won't be a track left now And there go three killers and twenty five thousand dollars I just feel awful about that. How'd he get your gun away from you anyway?  Yes, sir. That's about the way it happened Dylan you should let him take me into that cabin It had killed me that you could have caught them They wouldn't have got away like the dead. I know I was close enough to hear what Clovis said Well, and why'd you say me everything had been okay? Oh, yeah. Yeah, everything had been okay Most everything just well, let's just don't stand here in the rain talking about it. Come on terrible mess Ah, it was my choice Chester Not yours Thank you, Mr. Dillon, Mr. Dillon, would you like to Pour hound drop And M filters are sweeping the country and the reason simple no filter compares with L and M's Exclusive miracle tip for quality or for effectiveness and notice how easy it draws You get much more flavor much less nicotine Yes, only L and M gives you effective filtration and no other cigarette has it our statement of quality Goes unchallenged L and M is America's highest quality and best filter tip cigarette By L and M's now king size or regular both at the same low price Gun smoke produced and directed by Norman McDonald stars William Conrad as Matt Dylan US Marshall Tonight's story was specially written for gun smoke by John Meston with music composed and conducted by Rex Corey Featured in the cast were John Daner and Lawrence Dobkin Harley Bear is Chester Howard Mcmere is Doc and Georgia Ellis is Kitty Join us again next week as Matt Dylan US Marshall fights to bring law and order out of the wild violence of the West in gun smoke Remember next week at this same time Chesterfield will bring you another transcribed story of the Western Frontier on gun smoke This is the CBS radio network


Welcome to Affector from the Electronic Frontier Foundation. This is the audio edition of EFF's email newsletter geared towards keeping you on the bleeding edge of your digital rights. This is Affector Volume 35, Issues 6, Titled, House of Control Speech, and Break Encryption in 3 Acts. This issue was published on Monday, May 15, 2023, and I'm your host, Membership Advocate Christian Romero. Let's start with some top features. First up, the Kids Online Safety Act is still a huge danger to our rights online. Congress has resurrected the Kids Online Safety Act, COSA, a bill that would increase surveillance and restrict access to information in the name of protecting children online. Today's version of COSA would still require surveillance of anyone 16 and under, it would put the tools of censorship in the hands of state attorneys general, it would greatly endanger the rights and safety of young people online. And COSA's burdens will affect adults too, who will likely face hurdles in accessing legal content online as a result of this bill. The STOP CSAM Act would put security and free speech at risk. A new U.S. Senate bill aims to remove child sexual abuse material, also known as CSAM, from the internet. But, the bill would also make it a crime to offer encryption, because it could facilitate the sharing of a legal child abuse material, even if there's no evidence that a platform or service intended to do so. The law would undermine digital security for all internet users, impacting private messaging and email app providers, social media platforms, cloud storage providers, and many other internet intermediaries and online services. And for our last feature, the ERNA Act is back, seeking to scan our messages and photos. The ERNA Act creates an unelected government commission, stacks it with law enforcement personnel, and then tasks it with creating best practices for running an internet website or app. If ERNA passes, we're likely to see state lawmakers step in and mandate scanning of messages and other files similar to the plan that Apple wisely walked away from last year. Digital rights supporters sent more than 200,000 messages to Congress to kill earlier versions of this bill. We've beaten it twice before, and we can do it again. We need your support to stop the ERNA Act one more time. And now, let's go through some EFF updates. First up, EFF and ECNL's comment to the meta-oversight board on the term Shahid. EFF recently submitted comments with the European Center for Nonprofit Law, ECNL, to the oversight board on the moderation of the Arabic word Shahid. EFF and ECNL's comments address the overmoderation of the word and other Arabic language content, particularly through the use of automated content moderation tools. Next up, California bill to stop dragnet surveillance of people seeking reproductive and gender affirming care passes key committees. AB793 seeks to protect people seeking abortion and gender affirming care from dragnet style digital surveillance. EFF is a proud cosponsor of the bill, which has passed two key committees in the California assembly. If you're a Californian who'd like to express your support for protecting privacy of vulnerable people seeking health care, please speak up for this bill. Next, podcast episode. Safer sex work means a safer internet. An internet that is safe for sex workers is an internet that is safer for everyone. Public interest technology lawyer Kendra Albert and sex worker, activist and researcher Danielle Blunt join EFF Cindy Cohen and Jason Kelly to talk about the failures of foster SESTA, the need for encryption to create a safe internet and how to create cross movement relationships with other activists. Next up, neighborhood watch out. Cops are incorporating private cameras into their real time surveillance networks. In a quiet but rapid expansion of law enforcement surveillance, US cities are buying and promoting products from Georgia based company FUSUS in order to access on demand live video from public and private camera networks. Every store trips walks down the street and otherwise minding your own business when outside your home could soon come under the ever present eye of the government. Next up, federal appeals court gets it. Fair use protects security research tools. In a refreshingly direct opinion, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that creating and selling virtualization software for security research is fair use. Along the way, it provides a kind of masterclass in applying copyrights, fair use doctrine to functional works like computer programs. And for our last update, eight years holding ISPs to account in Latin America, a comparative outlook of victories and challenges for user privacy. Latin American and Spanish telecommunications companies have made important advances in their privacy policies and practices, but persistent gaps and worrying trends pose potential risks for internet and mobile phone users. We've released a report based on the analyses and assessment of industry practices by EFF partners over the last eight years to shed light on telecom and internet service providers' commitments to user privacy. And now we have one announcement. New Stay Golden hooded sweatshirt. Snag our new heavier weight hoodie with raglan sleeves and gun middle zipper from our shop or when you donate at the titanium level or above. Next up, we have a few events. First, EFF at Black Hat USA. EFF is once again excited to be back in Las Vegas for Black Hat USA from August 5th to August 10th. If you are interested in submitting a talk to Black Hat, you can contact info at EFF.org about any legal concerns regarding your talk or any sensitive info security research you are conducting. Next up, No Ethics in Big Tech, Comedy Night. On May 20th, No Ethics in Big Tech, a local organization in the Electronic Frontier Alliance, is hosting an online comedy night to discuss the ethical implications of technology, the latest developments in tech, and the importance of a free and independent press in the age of algorithmic news feeds. And now let's talk about a job opening. Public Interest Technology Director. EFF is looking for a full-time Public Interest Technology Director to lead our distributed 15-person Public Interest Technology team, including CERPA engineers, Privacy Badger developers, and growing group of public-facing technology analysts, security researchers, and expert rabble-rousers. Applications accepted until May 19th. And finally, let's go through some mini-links. First up from The Verge, the UK's tortured attempt to remake the internet. The UK's online safety bill aims to make the country the safest place in the world to be online, but is a threat to free expression and privacy online. EFF warns that the bill could become a blueprint for repression around the world. Next up from the Columbia Journalism Review. Journalists are under threat at border zones. Around the world, authorities at ports of entry are granted latitude to search and detain individuals. EFF's Adam Schwartz discusses how law enforcement and intelligent agencies in the US seem more and more excited about this kind of end-run around the Constitution. Next up from Reason, new Senate bill would turn online services into narks. The Cooper-Davis Act would force online services to monitor and report any mentions of illicit intoxicants. It also gives companies incentive to search private messages to find protected speech that is merely indicative of illegal behavior. EFF's Mario Trujillo outlines the concerns. Next up from USA Today, they were flooded by online harassment and hatred. They didn't know what targeted campaign caused it. While Americans enjoy significant freedom of speech because of the First Amendment, individuals do not have absolute free reign to use speech that intentionally harasses or intimidates others. EFF's Aaron Mackie breaks it down. Next up from PBS, how Louisiana police are using a DNA lab in a box to solve crimes. Law enforcement officials consider rapid DNA technology as a big boost to investigative work. But it is a strong likelihood that people will be implicated for crimes they didn't commit based on DNA sample. EFF's Jennifer Lynch warns against technologies like rapid DNA. Our last mini-link comes from Miss Magazine. Miles Apart, Texas and California lawmakers stake opposite corners of abortion policy. It's about 1,500 miles from Austin to Sacramento, but Texas and California lawmakers are a million miles apart on how to treat private data and free speech related to reproductive health. EFF's Jennifer Pinsoff and Haley Tsukayama explain the high stakes. And that's it. Thanks for listening. If you like what you're hearing, be sure to sign up for the email version of Effector, which includes links to in-depth coverage of these stories and more. See past issues and subscribe at EFF.org slash Effector. Before we end this issue of the newsletter, I just want to let you know that EFF is a member-supported nonprofit organization and you can help us protect digital privacy, security and free expression for everyone. Donate to EFF today and even grab a bit of gear by heading over to EFF.org slash Effect. You can also grab that new Stay Golden hoodie by going to EFF.org slash hoodie. Thanks for your support and I hope you'll join us for the next issue of Effector.


All right, welcome back. Let's continue from where we stopped. So the last one, characteristics of a spiritual father and mother. Let's look at Judges chapter 5 verse 7 through 9. The inhabitants of the villages seized, they seized in Israel until that Idebora arose and I rose a mother in Israel. They chose new gods. Then was war in the gates. Was there a shield or spear seen among 40,000 in Israel? Verse 9. My heart is towards the governors of Israel that offered themselves willingly among the people. Bless the Lord. Now, this portion talks about the characteristics of a true father and mother. Let's look at these characteristics. There are about seven characteristics here of a true spiritual father and mother. We may have talked about a few of it, but let's look at it. One who is involved in the life of their spiritual son and daughter. Another is involvement. It's not just a one-time event that happens. Two, one who is able to correct, rebuke, discipline and guide their spiritual son and daughter. So these are things that must be done as a father or a mother. Able to correct, rebuke, discipline and guide. And they are able to pass the surface and instruct the inner man, into the lives of their spirit when they are able to meet them. In such a way that there is a connection of the spiritual son bringing improvement or discipline and guiding in the external but also the external. Three, one who goes beyond a casual relationship to a more meaningful relationship. For being accountable for growth, conduct, ministry, etc. So there is this influence that they have over their sons and daughters. Initially, we talked about leadership. Leadership is more about, it's an influence where people are willingly coming and following you. That means you're a good leader. So in the spiritual daughter and the spiritual father and the spiritual mother, when people say, hey, can you help me? Can you help me to become better in what way? If they come and they want to be under your guidance, they want to be under your influence, that's wonderful. So it gives you openness to immediately bring correction, discipline, guide and encouragement into their lives. Fourth one, one who deals with your character more than gifting. Every important character more than gifting. Now, when you look at the inner person, that's character, who we really are. So it's not only about, for example, maybe the Apostle Paul had Timothy in mind, one day he'll be a pastor. So it's not like Paul went and said, okay, this is how you preach a 5.7, or this is how you preach, this is how you teach. When you're teaching, be eloquent in speech, be wise in what you say, back up what you're preaching with the word. It was not only that, right? Our spiritual father and mother deals with the character also more than the gifting. A gift is given from diligence. God's league gives an equalize. But as a character, that enables us to grow our gifting. So for example, there's a musician, this is an example, there's a musician. This musician, God has given him this gift. So he, and maybe this pastor says, hey, you can be a good musician, you can be a good worship leader someday. So why don't you join these guitar classes? I'll make sure I find somebody who can teach you guitar, and I will probably help you with the fees, but go and learn this guitar and build yourself up. So this little, this boy has been a teen, and it's been like five or six years now. He's been learning the guitar, watching people lead worship, leading in the small groups. And now comes a time when he's ready to lead in the adult church, the big church, the pastor says, okay, now that you have, you know, led worship in the smaller places for the past two, three years. So now you can start leading in the adult church. Now that's wonderful, but the problem is the spiritual father or mother has only looked at the gifting, not at the character. Now this person may be wonderfully talented in leading worship, wonderful in writing songs, but his character may not be right. His character may be like, hey, whatever happens, happens. You know, this is my, you know, feeling of entitlement. It is my place. I must be leading because I've spent five years in training or I've spent five years watching people lead worship. I took the effort to learn the guitar. Now that's a wrong character to have. Or he may be somebody who's judging other worship leaders and saying, hey, he's not choosing good songs. He's not leading properly. Remember, character is more important than gifting. Gifting is free. It's given by God, but it's a character that will help you to bear fruit with that gift. So the spiritual father or mother must also, very importantly, first focus on character, then on the gifting. Gifting, gifts can be learned over time as well. So maybe there's somebody who had no gift of singing. I never thought that he's a singer, but he went for classes, learned singing, learned how to do sopranos, tenors, bass, and all of that came back and started singing. So it can be learned. But character is something that we must develop each of our lives. Number five. One who does not mind that a spiritual son or doctor exceeds and goes beyond them. This is another problem. A true spiritual father or mother will not be like Saul, who became jealous of David's accomplishment. He will not be jealous. He will be willing, now sharing this in the, I think it was the second years where, you know, when you look at Saul and look at David, Saul knew the anointing was taken away from him. He knew that he's not going to be the king, but he knew that David's going to be the next king. What different could Saul have done? King Saul could have said, you've been chosen as the next king and the Lord has spoken to me as well. So let me tell you something. For the next five years, I will train you. You only know how to look after sheep. I know that you've killed the lion and the bear and nobody has watched you about that. But let me tell you how an army works. David didn't know anything. He was a shepherd. He didn't know about warfare. He didn't know about how to do things. He learned it on the job. But what if Saul said, okay, David, I'm going to train you for the next five years. Anything you need, you have access to from my palace. As a king, I'm giving you authority. You can use anything, right? What would have happened? Could be that David would have, you know, just smoothly taken on the throne. This is not God's way. God wanted to even train David through this running and hiding and all of that. But the end of the story is a true spiritual father and mother will not be jealous if things get better. Now picture this. Say for example, you're a life group leader, right? And in your class, in your life group, there's somebody who's done, who knows Greek and Hebrew and they're very influential in the word of God. They just know the word of God. They quote scriptures. And over time, you've been talking to them, training them. And eventually he says, hey, I want to start my own life group. We are spiritual leaders, fathers or mothers. If we are not fathers or mothers, even if we are just leaders, let go, right? Never feel that, hey, they are better. They can only do what I tell them to do. No, right? We are always, you know, it's like this. In the natural, obviously a father will want their son to be better than them. No father will say, no, I don't want my son or my daughter to become better than me. If I'm a football soccer player, I don't want my son to be better than me. I should be better than him. It's not going to happen. A father in the, you know, even in the natural will say, oh, my son and daughter to do much better, 10 times better than what I do. Same goes with spiritual father and mothers. We don't be jealous, but if they do better than us, it's only a reason to praise God and release them to the things of God. That is a true spiritual father. Number six, one who rescues you from the place of abandonment gives you a spiritual home, giving you an identity and a name, a sunship in the house. Right? So there'll be times when people are a part of any church or they're not part of any body, any life through. There's no, you know, no, people have rejected sometimes or this usually happens in places where, you know, young boys and girls who are from other faiths, they accept the Lord Jesus and most often they've been asked to leave the home or they're just abandoned by their family. They have no identity. Nobody's there for them. They have no parents and it's a really difficult time. That's when true spiritual and father and mother can step in and just give them a home, give them an identity place knowing who they are as children of God. So that's a wonderful thing to do. Finally, point seven, one that sees and understands your future and trains you for it and releases you at the right time. Right? Again, we've been talking about this. He sees, is able to see what you can be. He has a blueprint in the future. One day I see this person leading worship or I see this person leading a ministry, leading preaching or I see this person becoming a teacher. So you train them accordingly and release them at the right time. Remember, there are no perfect fathers and mothers. There's only one perfect father or mother, that is God. Right? So again, we emphasize the point. All fatherhood, everything flows from God. Spiritual fathers and mothers can make mistakes but a genuine father and mother will acknowledge they made a mistake and will correct their wrong. Especially when it comes to children, when they correct the parents I've got two boys and my elder one is going to be eight years old and sometimes he comes and says, he corrects me. He says, you should have said that that day. And I think about it and I say, yes, I should have said it. But sometimes it's very hard to take it, right? You're only eight years old but how can you tell me? No, we must be willing. It's a humbling thing to take correction. Right? And so the same thing with in ministry where spiritual fathers and mothers are there but we must be willing to also take correction. So don't be afraid to make mistakes. But don't make the same mistake again and again and again. Learn from your mistakes and move on. Right? Finally, mistakes are like knives. They are the cutters or serve us depending on whether you hold them by the blade or by the handle. So basically it's okay to make mistakes. Learn from your mistakes. Be willing to acknowledge your mistakes. But again, don't repeat it and don't keep staying on that mistake but move on. Right? So Christopher and Sheik Kumar, you've raised your hands. Go ahead, Christopher. Oh, yes, Pastor. My question is actually around the model that is followed by a PC. And I think you may have mentioned it for that or alluded to it. But in the APC, in APC church, would you say that in some cases or maybe in many cases the senior pastor is a spiritual father for the other pastors in the church? And would that be a model that would be a preferred model for other churches to also adopt? Because as you were going through the characteristics, I was just wondering whether that some of that is all, it's actually being adopted by APC church, by the senior pastor maybe during mentoring sessions or any sort of assessments that are done throughout the year. So I just wanted to find out from your side. Yeah. That's a good question, Christopher. Now, since you've asked, I'm going to share. Usually, Pastor prefers that we don't talk too much about him. It's more about the word and that's what we always want to do that. But since you've asked about this, I'm just going to answer your question. Yes, the answer is yes, definitely. So we see that he's a spiritual teacher, right? And he is a spiritual father to us as well. But there's a difference. Like, for example, I'll take my own life. I don't want to take anybody else's, but I'm sure this will resonate with many of them at church and our team here. But I'm speaking from my side. I was about 24 when I came in. And I don't know. I was not somebody who was very good in the world or something. Not like I knew many things. So I joined Bible College and Bible College. Again, I got the opportunity, Pastor gave a few of us opportunities to come along for mission strips and see his life. It was not like he was... See, the thing is with APC, when we raise leaders, we don't tell them, hey, I'm raising you as a leader. But we make it in a way that that's the end result. That's the goal. So for me, it was more like Pastor would say, okay, Paul, why don't you lead a worship? Now, initially, I've shared with you, right? Leading one or a worship is very difficult because I've not come from that background. I can lead for 20 minutes or half an hour. So half an hour, you know, we would do... I was not too good in the... I didn't know about prophetic worship, all of these things. And so suddenly they said, okay, you lead worship for one hour. So it was like for me, oh gosh, how am I going to do this? And I remember just messing up so badly. Like in the sense it was just very like, you know, monotonous kind of a worship session. But the best part was they came back to me. They gave feedback. They said, why don't you try this? Why don't you do this? Right? And it was a personal feedback. But why don't you... So I've noticed that you're struggling with this part. So in terms of worship, so there was...  He said, do this. Why don't you try this? And then they gave opportunities again. Right? So that was a wonderful part. And this was during the Bible College. And during Bible College, we got opportunities every now and then they say, you go and teach in this session in this one place. You go and teach. Right? So I knew it was okay. It was not only for me. There were others also given opportunities. Right? So there were times when I didn't do well. There were times when I've done well.  I could just go and ask questions and ask whatever it is that I need to ask. And I knew that I would get the right direction. Right? So, first of all, to answer your question, yes. There is sense of, okay, he's both a teacher and he's a spiritual teacher. He's also a spiritual father. But, you know, the wonderful part about it is there's no boss about it. He's not saying you don't have this, you know, this so-and-so quote on quote, you know, event, event, spiritual mentoring course and all those things. You don't have it. But we just, it's just done in the natural. Right? And if you look at all our leaders, if you look at our pastors in, you know, all our outreach pastors in the nation of India, all of them were Bible college students.  And I'm sure all of them look at him as a father, right? As a spiritual father because that's where he was there to mentor, to deal with them, to help them, help them make decisions. So, yes. But, Christopher, in APC, we don't, and there's a reason, right? We don't say, okay, spiritual father, spiritual mother. We avoid saying it. But there are spiritual fathers and fathers. Right? So, but we don't keep using that term because of what is happening in the church. And we see, you know, the whole usage of the term father and mother has gone to another level. So, but personally, I would say yes. Yes. And not only our senior pastor, but there are other pastors as well. Our worship pastor who, you know, gives opportunities. And so this, it was more of this feeling of, okay, you know, we learn from them. We grow from them. And they're there. It's not like they just tell us and grow away. They're there to minister, to speak into our lives. So, yeah. And again, we do the same thing to others, right? We give opportunities. We tell them, you know, do this, do this. And eventually they become leaders. But it's not like, okay, okay, we don't go to them and say, okay, now I am your spiritual father. I am your spiritual mother. That doesn't really matter. The goal is maturity into Christlikeness. We use the term spiritual mentoring father, mother. That is secondary. The goal is spiritual maturity. And so that's what our focus is. So over the course of time, we've been able to raise up many leaders in church. And I'm sure they are mentoring other, of being spiritual fathers and mothers to other people in church. But we don't announce and say, okay, who wants to be spiritual father, mother? We don't do all of that, right? We just want to see the church grow in maturity. So, this is why I hope that answers your question. Yes, thank you. Yeah, yeah, sure. Now, Shrikmar, you raised your hands. Yes, sir. Thank you. Sir, because like I'm coming from a church where this thing is not encouraged and, but even though it's one of the big church in Bangalore, but our pastor never encourages for these kind of things, like no spiritual, especially the spiritual father thing or mentorship. So now I was there for a long time. And so this is something which is very new to me when I am hearing about the spiritual father thing. So in my life, there is no spiritual father, as you said, because I always consider some preachers whom I used to hear online, because there was no one to give any proper input, like the way how you said that when you are weak, somebody is there to invest and time and make sure that, yeah, I am praying or I am fasting or we can able to have an eye over me, my spiritual growth. So there is no one such like that. And it's all like the grace of God made me to move further. But recently I joined a church because I was attending some online services and they started in India one branch here. So now the pastor of that church believes that their main pastor is his spiritual father. And he told me that I should also consider him as a spiritual father because he is the spiritual father. So I also believe on that particular prophet as my spiritual father. So my question is, as you said, now you are explaining me so many things. So my question is, when he has never invested in my life personally and he has never, when I was broken or when I really needed and never corrected me or once in a while in a Zoom, I just ask certain questions he just answered. But in my day-to-day life he never invested. So in that case, can I consider him as my spiritual father or just a man of God or a prophet or a teacher? And can I go ahead with that? Because that pastor of the new church is saying that no, you should also consider him because he is my spiritual father. So can I go ahead with that? And in case if I don't have anyone like that, like this mentor is not there, who is not there to encourage me or discourage me or at the time for my spiritual edification. So in that case, how a man who does not have a spiritual father or a spiritual mother, how he can grow without a spiritual father or a spiritual mother? Thank you, sir. That's my question. That's good.  Right now, the pastor may say, hey, you make that person a spiritual father because he is his spiritual father, but that does not make sense because he may be a spiritual father to this pastor, but to you, he is a man of God or a prophet of God. And so we honor them, we respect them.  So in your case, Shri Kumar, the pastor honor them, respect them, but he wouldn't be your spiritual father or mother, father because he's not speaking into your life. He's not there to give you direction. He's not there to speak into the smaller details in your life at times of your trouble. He's not there. So I would say that I wouldn't consider that person as a spiritual father or mother. But again, I can, he's a pastor and you're part of that local church, honor him, respect him, listen to the word, receive from the word and do all of that.  So two, to answer your second part, now, what if there's nobody, right? Now, I understand, right? Because there are, you know, especially now and the day and time that we are in, pastors are all busy or people are, you know, people are busy working Monday to Friday, pastors also are busy. Now, what if we haven't found the right person to be like a mentor or to be like a father or a mother? It is all right. It is all right. Again, remember all fatherhood, all fatherhood flows from God. Yes, it's wonderful to have fellowship, right? So one of the things that you can do is, Shrikmar, trust God, right? Firstly, you continue to pray, ask God for comfort, for strength, all of that. And I know it's hard during difficult times. You want to talk to people. You want to talk to leaders, get direction. That's also important. Godly counsel is important. But if you feel that there's no one who can still, you know, no one in your environment who can give you that help that you need at that moment, it's all right. You just continue to press on, continue to ask God to bring people into your life. So sometimes, you know, always remember, God can speak through a donkey as well, right? May the donkey speak. So God can use somebody who is 25 years old to give a word of wisdom to you for your situation, right? So it's not like we have to wait, okay, who's 50 years old, who is 10 years in the 20 years in the ministry, only they can give me guidance. No, God can use the word of wisdom to a younger person, to anyone, or to many people to help you in your season and your times. Right? So just be open to that, right? Sometimes the mistake we make is we look at people and say, okay, maybe he may not, how can he tell me? Is it right what he's saying? But be open, because God can use these people to speak into your life, right? So in the meanwhile, even as you keep praying, the Lord may bring people to you in seasons, right? If somebody may come, he may be there for three, four years, and then they may go away. Then God may bring somebody else, and then they may be there for another five years, they may go ahead, go away, move on. So even that can happen, right? So you may have like a spiritual father or mentor for three years, they move on for the next three years. But the point is these people who speak into your lives must bring a change. There should be spiritual maturity from being babies in Christ. There should be spiritual maturity in our lives. So that is the point. It's not just to have a name, right? So Srikumar, I hope that answers your question. Yes, sir, one more thing. I just want to go ahead. Because nowadays they also say that because you are under this covering, you are the partners of that grace. Because Paul says you are the partnership of my grace. So because of that partnership of the grace, how the Paul was the spiritual father. So he should be the spiritual father because you are under the covering of that man of God because you are under this church. In that case, how I should respond to that thing? Is it like because I am under that grace or a covering which I understand that that man of God is having a grace which I am also partnering to in that grace when I am subjecting to that grace. So is it make me to consider him as my spiritual father? That's just what I want to do. So what you can do is now that you are part of that church, just be faithful to the church. So continue to go to church, continue to serve, continue to be volunteering, be faithful. If your pastor says, hey, why don't you serve in these areas? If he is ministering to you, just receive from him. But you don't have to worry about the whole thing of spiritual father and mother. You continue to do what you are doing in the church. If the pastor says, why don't you lead prayer or volunteer or do this, do that, do it. And there will be times the pastor will speak into your life. Just receive from him. And over time, what I feel is if the pastor really feels that I can speak into this person's life and he is there for you, he is available, ministering to you, over time you will feel that it's a connection that will happen.  It is naturally, a natural connection will happen. So since Shri Kumar, you've just mentioned that you just moved to this church. Give it some time. Give it a couple of years. See how it is. Give the leaders some time also. Maybe the pastor or the leaders in the church just to get to know you, to speak into your lives. And again, don't worry. They may ask you, did you make him your spiritual father? You say, no, I'm just waiting. I just want to grow more with the Lord and I'll pray about it. Just leave it at that. You don't have to say yes or you don't have to say no. You say, I'm praying as I grow with the Lord. I'm sure the Lord will lead me to make the right decision. Thank you so much. Yes, Christopher. So I think you had mentioned in your answer to my earlier question with regards to pastors who have been a war out of auto-banglow who came out of the Bible college. So I just wanted to understand in this particular aspect of spiritual fathering or spiritual mothering, is that something that is part of a follow-up process and maybe a formalized process for Bible college students? Basically, the class that is here right now, the class that is actually going to be graduating in the next couple of months. So I just wanted to understand, is there something that is there in the sort of follow-up plan? Yeah. So the thing is at APC what we do, we don't force people to come under our leadership. So for example, many of you are from other countries as well, but any time. So we don't have like a, yes, we do have new things coming up like the church planting acceleration program, APC world missions. These are things that we are just starting now. It's not yet launched, we're planning to start. I'm sure pastors mentioned it also. But to follow up like our associate, our outreach pastors, now they have also many pastors in their own states or their own places where they receive guidance from them and they also have people who speak into their lives. But we are always open because we know that, okay, they have come here, they have learned, they are part of APC Bible college or they're part of us. It's not like we say, okay, we train you, finish your course, go and do what you have to do. Actually, when we have a conference, yearly conference, we are still in contact with people who are in our first batch, 2005 batch. And it's such a joy to see them that they're still connected with us but they still receive our emails. Sometimes we get emails from them saying, I'm your first batch, I don't know the first batch, this is what we did and then they're still in touch with us. Now we don't force them, you be at APC itself, you have to tell us what's happening, you have to tell us what's happening in your ministry and we don't force them. But many times they come and they share because they have this feeling of family here, this is where I grew up, this is where I learned. And so that feeling is there. So again, Christopher, we don't force people. So for example, any one of us, like for me example, after my two years course, I had a choice. I remember the IT company that I was working for, they said come back because we have a better position available for you. It's been two years, I finished my course, after two years they said come back, we'll give you a better position. Now if I had gone there, nobody will stop me. I pass over and say, no, no, don't go, you have to be here, two years you will go.  But I knew that this is something that I wanted to do. So Christopher, we don't force people, but we do encourage our APC Bible college graduates to start something, start their own ministry. But we're always available to help, to minister, to speak into their lives, to provide material. Anything that's needed from our end, we are there. So that's something that we do. During those days there was no world missions, there's no church planting plan and all of that. So it was just that if you feel God's called you to go start a church, go and plant. And that's how all our churches started in India. They finished their course, they went back, they started with zero, and they established the church. And they decided, it's not like we said you should name it APC. No, they decided we want to come under the leadership of APC and we want to be called APC, Chhattisgarh, APC, Nagpur, whatever. So they decided to sort of re-force that. So again, that's important. Elisha has got a question here, should a spiritual father be someone who can be physically present with you most of the time? Yeah, I understand that the whole thing of Zoom and online, Elisha, but I think it's good if a spiritual father or mother is physically present because there is a difference when we counsel somebody one-on-one in person and then we do it online. There's emotions, there's so much more. But for example, you know you're part of a church, certain examples is fine. So if you're part of a church for 10 years, you've always looked up to this pastor as your mentor, as a great leader. And the pastor decides I'm going to go to another city and start another branch of the church. And now you know you can't keep going there just to receive guidance from him. So online, via Zoom, you can continue to receive guidance being mentored by him online. So it all depends on the situation. But it's okay, but preferably in person it's good. That whole feeling of one-on-one is good. All right, I think we have this a little more. What we'll do is we'll stop here. Lessons from Paul and Timothy will continue from next week. And I think next week we'll be able to complete this entire course. All right, no other questions. It's good that we were able to discuss any other questions. All right, no problem. Let's close in prayer. Maybe one of us can lead in prayer. Close. Anyone would like to lead? Asha, would you like to lead? Asha or Kung? Anyone? Sure, please. Thank you, Lord, for this day. Thank you so much for helping us to understand the spiritual thought and the intuition of God. Lord, thank you for giving us wisdom and understanding to discern the truths of who they are in our lives, God. And also, Lord, thank you, Lord, for blessing Paul as his God, his God, which continued throughout your spirit. And we pray over the great blessing of you and his family. And also, Lord, I would definitely love the living brothers and sisters and you. They will continue to stir up from more of you and coming to people to understand what it means to be disciples, what it means to be a spiritual father and mother. Lord, thank you so much for this opportunity for us to learn and to grow God. Thank you, Lord, for everything. Amen. Thank you, Asha. Thank you, everyone, for joining. Have a wonderful week ahead. I'll see you next Tuesday. God Bless.


So we had discussed the Van der Waal equation and Van der Waal equation is p plus a n square by b square into v minus nb is equals to nRT. n is the number of moles, a is the pressure correction factor, stands for intermolecular interaction, b is the volume correction factor, stands for the size of the gaseous molecule, more size, more will be the value of b, okay. Now we'll see next the calculation of compressibility factor in different condition, in different condition. So for all these things we are assuming one mole, so n value is one here, okay, so first condition is at low pressure and moderate temperature, moderate temperature. So we have this Van der Waal equation that is p plus a by b square because n value is 1 into v minus b is equals to RT, okay. Now we have low pressure, it means the volume is high because volume and number of moles sorry volume and pressure is inversely proportional. So at low pressure what condition we can apply, vm is high and when the vm is high then we can take the approximation that is vm minus b is almost equals to vm where we are assuming, b is negligible in terms in comparison to vm and we can take this approximation. Now we substitute this here and we get p plus a by vm square into vm is equals to RT, we need to find out z, okay. So we'll multiply vm here, so it is pvm plus a by vm is equals to RT, we'll divide RT both side, so it becomes pvm by RT is equals to 1 minus a by vm RT. This is nothing but the compressibility factor, so z is equals to 1 minus a by vm RT. So under this condition low pressure and moderate temperature, okay. The value of z we are getting it is less than 1 and we have seen this condition when z is less than 1 it is easier to compress, once again, oh it should be vm this one, wait let me see what exactly qualifies as moderate temperature low pressure. No actually it is not actually defined moderate temperature and all, when you get the questions they'll mention the same term that moderate temperature, low temperature or high temperature because for different different gases we have different different value, okay so we cannot define this, it's not a general term, okay so yes, yeah so this is the first condition we have, okay. Now the second condition you see at high pressure and moderate temperature, high pressure and moderate temperature, so when the pressure is high we can take the assumption here a plus p plus a by vm b square is almost equals to p, we can neglect this term here because the pressure is high here, right and then we substitute this in Vendor-Ball equation, so p into vm minus b is equals to RT, pvm minus pb is equals to RT, divide RT this side so it is pvm by RT is equals to 1 plus pb by RT, okay so the value of z here 1 plus pb by and that is what the value of z we require, so under this condition, so under this condition the value of z is greater than 1 and when it is greater than 1 it is difficult to compress but easier to expand, repulsive force dominates the attractive force here that also we can write easier to expand, the last condition you see for the calculation of this the value of z compressibility factor that is c at low pressure and high temperature, here we are taking very low pressure actually at very low pressure high temperature, so for the low pressure we have the same condition so because of this we have vm is high and hence we can write vm minus b is almost equals to vm, okay and because of high temperature when temperature is high then we can write ke is high, kinetic energy is high, with high kinetic energy the velocity of the gaseous particle is high and what we can write then interaction is less, interaction is less or we can say negligible and hence we can equate a to this almost equals to 0 because of less interaction or no interaction, so because of this all these things what we can write p plus a by vm square is almost equals to p, this two condition if you apply into Wendervoll equation you will get p into vm is equals to RT and hence p vm by RT which is nothing but g, z here is equals to the Wendervoll compressibility factor is equals to 1 and this is the condition of ideal gas behavior you have, remember in the beginning I said that any gas at low pressure and high temperature behaves as ideal gas and this is because the value of compressibility factor here it is coming out to be as 1 and hence the, then guys no we don't consider all those inaccuracy because the exact thing we won't calculate okay those inaccuracy also we are you know it's not that great so we are neglecting that okay you won't get any question where you have to take the actual value or exact value of z so that is not required at all without approximation you won't be able to calculate it otherwise the calculation will be a bit tough very tough in fact okay you required all the value of a b and everything so that calculation will be very tough that's why we don't do it do that okay look at this question here try these questions all four done okay you see the first question is the internal pressure loss of 1 mole of Wendervoll gas that is real gas over an ideal gas so we know that this p ideal p ideal we had discussed is equals to p plus a n square by b square this is the pressure of the real gas we have here and this is the pressure of the ideal gas right so difference is what internal pressure loss of 1 mole of Wendervoll gas and real and this so we need to have the difference here is p ideal minus p that is p real is equals to a times n square by v square n values given one more a by v square hence option c is the correct answer we have here the Wendervoll equations for CH4 at low pressure at low pressure means what just now we did low pressure means volume is high vm right so vm minus v we can equate to v so what we can write nothing you have to memorize just p plus a by v square into v is equals to RT so now from this if you solve pv by RT is z is equals to this so z is equals to 1 minus a by v RT this is the expression we have that's now we did so pv plus pv plus a by v is equals to RT option b is correct which of the following can be most pretty liquefied we haven't done this yet okay it comes under the liquefaction of gas liquefaction of gas will be easier when the interaction will be more right when a value will be more so more value of a easier will be the liquefaction we'll discuss this later okay so which one has the maximum a value that is for SO2 I guess yeah SO2 so SO2 can be liquefied easily okay out of NH3 and N2 which will have larger value of a NS3 has hydrogen bonding larger value of a so for this we have NH3 larger value of b what we can say has large molecular size so for this one it will be N2 size of N2 is more this kind of question is you know a bit difficult to understand like which one has more size or less but usually you see nitrogen and hydrogen we have here the other atom here we have nitrogen nitrogen okay but when you solve some questions you should have the understanding of it means a bit of memory like you know you have to memorize this kind of thing at N2 and other gas all these things you will understand once you solve some questions okay whenever you get this question take a note of it and revise before the test that's what you can do in this type of question okay understood right one more question you see just now this one you try you need to find out the pressure 5 p divided by 5.277 this value you need to find out it's a numerical type question yes obviously a value is given no so you have to use Vendor one see volume occupied by CO2 molecules negligible right it means what we can say b is negligible here so you can you can you know remove b in b minus beta and then you can multiply this and find out pressure from there you will get a quadratic in v in v and that quadratic you need to solve to get p one condition you need to apply over there you're getting 8 to 8.5 okay but the question is something else Sastro I think you're close question is p divided by 5.277 isn't it see what we'll do here we have the equation Vendor wall equation that is p plus a n square by v square into v minus nb is equals to nrt okay one mole is given so n is equals to one we have to substitute and volume is negligible right volume occupied by CO2 is negligible it means b is equals to zero it is given in the question so we can write v minus nb is almost equals to b right and we substitute it here so we'll get p plus a by v square into v is equals to rt okay now p is equals to what we have p is equals to we have rt by v minus a by v square you will get a quadratic in v multiply both sides by v square so you'll get v square into p minus r into t into v plus a is equals to zero so v is equals to minus b that is rt plus minus b square r square t square minus four ac so four a into p root over of it divided by two a right two times p this is the quadratic equation we'll get since for a pressure we have one value of v two value of v for one single pressure is not possible and that is the condition satisfies when this term equals to zero right when discriminant is equals to zero so for the single value of p what we can write r square t square minus four ap should be equals to zero so p is equals to r square t square divided by four a all value you need to substitute here value of p is zero point r is zero point zero eight two one zero point zero eight two one square into t is given 300 square divided by four a value is given 3.59 you can assume this as 3.6 question is three divided by 5.277 so this into 5.277 what is this value you are getting you can use calculator because you see for a single pressure we cannot have two different volumes now p and v for a given value of pressure v should be unique so that plus minus term should be zero so what is this value you are getting okay you are getting it as eight i think you eight is the answer that's what someone we got no shashod you got eight only right because the question is this only p divided by 5.277 that's the value you need to find out that's why i divided yeah approximately the answer would be eight you will get is it are you getting it at eight yeah roughly so it is eight will get right adhija i didn't get you coming at the question is p divided by 5.277 understood right yeah yeah okay one last question you see the question is calculate the diameter of of helium from its from its van der wal from its van der wal constant b the value of b is given it is 24 centimeter cube mole inverse try this okay so you see here b value is given and formula of b is what b is equals to b is equals to four into n a into b right b is the volume of the one molecule so four times n a n a you can take six into 10 to the power 23 approximate into four by three pi r cube so this would be four into four 16 16 into six is 96 so 96 into 10 to the power 23 into r cube pi is 3.14 divided by three so for approximation like this two you can cancel out i'm not doing it here but you can cancel out this two and we can see the formula of b in terms of radius directly you can use approximately is 10 to the power 23 into r cube this also you can use directly sometimes even in some books they give this formula like this one right then you substitute the value of b here and you will get r cube as b divided by 24 into b divided by 96 into 10 to the power 23 24 divided by 96 into 23 90s what i like 96 into 10 to the power 23 and then you can find out r from this diameter is 2 into r so we can find out that also okay we can do one more thing just to solve this we can multiply here by 8 and this side also you multiply by 8 and this becomes from here we can write 2 r to the power cube is equals to 24 into 8 divided by 96 10 to the power 23 so this is four times this is two times so two into 20 into 10 to the power minus 24 this approximately you can solve two r to the power cube is equals to this which you can solve so 20 cube root is it is somewhere around 2.5 to 2.6 okay and then you can get the answer understood guys exact answer is 267 picometer it is given so like this is some basic formula we have that we'll use and we'll find out the answer in all these kind of questions okay so next class we'll finish this chapter there are a few things left okay we'll finish this in the next class and then we'll start a new chapter yeah i'll share the dbp i'll share the dbp meanwhile you can solve the center module uh prana view cross check this uh just let me know okay method is this only by solving this you'll get the answer anything else tell me different different values you are anyways you understood the method how to do this okay you try this once you'll get the answer fine guys thank you so much see you in the next class okay and submit your assignment on time okay whatever you have done submit it on time okay thank you


Okay, here we go. It's time to get some animation done The first thing we'll do is set up the first contact pose and the reason it's called a contact pose is Because it's from when the foot that was at the back that's just been raised contacts with the floor again So if we have a look in my little series of images that were used earlier It's when this foot here at the back has been seeing see it's been raised It's passed and then here it's contacting with the ground again. So that is a contact pose So we're going to create the first of these So let's get into it So the first thing we're going to do is we're going to do some work on the hip controller We're also going to make sure that the playhead is on frame one Right, so what I'll do first of all is just move this down a bit And I'll also move it forward The reason I'm moving it down is Because we want to give some sort of freedom so the legs can move around and the reason I'm moving it forward Is because I want to create the illusion the feeling of momentum So I want it to look like the characters leaning forward to further the kind of feeling of him leaning forward I'm also going to rotate him a little bit as well. Just so that he's kind of leaning into this walk Right, I also want to do a little bit more work on these hips before I do that I kind of need to know which leg is going forward and which leg is going back So I'm gonna select the right leg first And I'm just going to move it forward a little bit and then I'll select the left leg and I'll move that backwards And I'm moving the right leg forward just because that's the one I prefer to move I don't know why just I think it's because it's the one nearest to me Okay, so now I know which is going forward and which is going back I can rotate the hips a little bit further so I'll select my hips controller again And what I'm gonna do now is rotate so that the hip of the foot that's going forward is also facing forward a little bit So leaning into it. So I'm just gonna do that a little bit Just leaning in bringing that hip forward and what I'll also does I want it to look like weights being transferred as well So I'm going to just drop that hip a little bit to make it look like that the weight is kind of going through that leg So I'm just gonna bring that down a touch as well So I'm fairly happy with the hips there So what I want to do now is work on getting the legs set up on this pose So I'm going to concentrate on the foot leg first and what I'll do first of all You just move as far forward as I can without overextending the knee which I think is about there But what I want is kind of let's just go back to my image I want to raise it up off the ground a bit like I've got going on there So to do that I'm going to introduce you to the extra controls on this rig So if you look in the channel box Along with being able to access your translate and rotate values as you can with kind of any object in Maya There are also these extra character and image controls and the one that we want in this case is the foot roll controller So I'm making sure I've got the foot selected that I want to work on I'm gonna left click on this foot roll control here and then using my middle mouse button. I'm just going to click and drag Either left or right until I get kind of what I want So you can see now that that's raising the foot which is what I want So I'm going to raise it to about that sort of angle I think And what that also does it means I can move the foot a little bit further forward as well So it's giving me a little bit more to work with So I'm gonna move it to there. I think I've actually kind of overextended that a little bit on the foot roll So I'm just going to bring that in a little bit and just bring that back Yeah, I'm happy with that So I'm also going to do is work on the back foot. So I select that one and similar to what I just did on the The front foot. I'm gonna take it as far back as I can without overextending it So it's about there, but what I want to do now is create kind of a tip-toe sort of effect So I don't know if I drew that on my image But what I'm looking for we'll draw this on now is this leg that's coming down Is kind of contact with the floor, but then you've got a little bit of a change in the foot there So that is what I'm going to try and create with this foot So to do that, I'm going to select both the foot roll and holding control on my keyboard I'm going to select the foot break as well And then with my middle mouse button. I'm just going to drag until I get a Foot position that I like and again, you can see that's giving me a little bit of freedom to be able to move that foot further back Which I'm going to take and Give me something like that Okay, so that is the beginnings of The walk cycle. So this is the the first contact pose and I'm pretty happy with that So I think what I'll do now is I'll key this pose So in order to do that what I need to do is Drag a box. I'm gonna click and drag To get a marquee selection of all the controllers You see that they're all highlighted here and then on frame one I'm going to press s on my keyboard and That keys everything so you see straight away. We've got some red lines here We've got a red line down here and if I select any of the controllers You can see that they go everything's keyed same on this one and same on the hips. Everything's now keyed brilliant But what we also need to keep in mind is this is a walk cycle and for a cycle to work The first frame and the last frame need to be identical being similar is no good. They have to be a hundred percent identical So to ensure that we that's what we get We're going to make sure I've got all the controllers selected and we're going to go to frame 25 and then we're going to press s again And that just ensures that those two frames are going to be exactly the same thing Right, so that wraps up the first contact pose What we're going to do in the next step is we're going to set up the second contact pose where we reverse the leg positions And reverse the rotation on the hips


Welcome back, now Coca-Cola's iconic brand Maaza which recently celebrated 40 years in India has come up with this new ad campaign, it's based on the proposition Lalachvaram maaza hennaam. Now after the earlier Har Maasam arm campaign, the brand is clearly attempting to forge this deeper connect with mango lovers through this ad as well which has been doing the rounds on your TV screens of late. It features Varun Dhawan in this double roll, the brand is once again banking on that trademark slapstick comedy format, Suresh Iriyath from Eeksaurus is breaking it down for us. Feel, you know since they have got such a great good actor like Varun in the film, probably they should look at you know capitalizing on that little more, I mean using him more as an actor rather than you know just to me it looked a little half baked as an attempt you know using the celebrity as you know a double roll and having a interaction between them. I think maaza has been using this analogy of real mangoes versus maaza for some time and they had much interesting and quite spontaneous and natural premises. This somehow didn't work for me like that, it just looked a little forced for me. Recall value is based on if people like Varun and they follow Varun then they will remember the ad. The ad doesn't have anything inherent within that that is unique in that sense.