Thanks for checking out this movie review video. This is for the 1992 release Army of Darkness now This is what I have to show you This is a DVDI watch which will be different than the version that some people have seen This is the director's cut as you can see Bruce Campbell versus Army of Darkness and it's actually kind of funny because they're calling it like the bootleg edition So they actually put in here like it's a burned disc. It's kind of funny So that's the version I've had for a long time So that's what I watch now the ending on this one is different since it's the director's cut But I'll talk about that towards the end I will say that I like the theatrical ending more than the director's cut one, but once again I'll talk about that later So directed by Sam Raimi Obviously and this was done right after he had directed the film Darkman and by the way This was part of kind of a deal with Universal where since Darkman actually did well and was profitable He was then given backing to go ahead and do Army of Darkness now if you remember well if you've watched my review for Evil Dead 2 You would know that this concept that is Army of Darkness was what Raimi wanted to do for the second Evil Dead film But Dino De Laurentiis who was his financial backer and was a backer also for this film Had said no to that because he wanted it to be more like the first film So finally Raimi gets to do basically what he wanted to now With the second film he wrote that with Scott Spiegel But Spiegel wasn't available because he was working on some other film at the time So he ended up getting his brother Ivan Raimi Involved who I think did a pretty solid job with him with the comedic stuff although You know the first Evil Dead has not a whole lot of comedy to it the second Evil Dead 2 has a decent amount of comedy to it and Army of Darkness goes to that next level of comedy where it's Very over the top. It's very, you know high on comedy and Back when I originally saw all these films. I think Army of Darkness was I think it was the second Evil Dead was my favorite then Army of Darkness then the original Evil Dead But that's back when I wasn't huge into horror So I think that it's definitely changed since then and I actually liked them in the order They came out basically so the first Evil Dead is now my favorite then the second then Army of Darkness and I think that's because after You know seeing the first one again and falling back in love with it I just like the more serious tone and as it gets more ridiculous like it's still fun And I like it, but it just makes me wish that it was more serious. So, you know, that's just my personal thing So anyway Ivan Raimi ended up working on scripts for Darkman Spider-Man 3 drag me to hell and the TV show asked for Ash versus Evil Dead, which I will be doing a review for I don't think I'm gonna go by season. I think I'm just gonna watch it all and then do one review for it Bruce Campbell was a producer on Army of Darkness, which is cool. That's kind of him moving up the ladder to a degree There was 11 million dollar budget and ended up making 21.5 million dollars, which is very nice for the universal folks Practical effects for this one were done by Tom Sullivan who worked on the other two films Greg Nicotero's company who worked on the second film and Tony Gardner who did effects for Darkman the Adams family Lord of illusions seat of Chucky curse of Chucky and cult of Chucky That's a lot of Chucky Getting the film made out. I talked about that. That was part of the universal deal Inspirations through the story were this is interesting the three stooges that is obviously seen with all the physical comedy the Physical comedy in the aspect of a lot of people getting hurt mainly ash getting hurt Yankee Sorry a Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's court, which I have not seen and don't know a whole lot about Gulliver's Travels, which I think can easily be seen in the part where all the little Mini ashes tie him down. There's this that's a scene taken directly from Gulliver's Travels the seventh voyage of Sinbad Jason and the Argonauts and Conan the Barbarian. I Mean you can see like if you know those Influences you can see them in the film. So it's cool to have that backstory The working title for this film was medieval dead, which sounds cool, but I'm glad they went with army of darkness I think that's more fun more interesting They shot for 100 days and the castle that they built for this film was built close to the Mojave desert So it was pretty challenging just because the days were super hot and the nights were pretty cold So it was just like this flip-flop of extremes for people. So it was pretty uncomfortable with the filming Campbell had to learn a series of choreography. I mean obviously he did a lot Choreography wise a lot of fighting and stuff like that So they kind of used like this number system to so he could get down like each of the moves he needed to make And it was particularly challenging apparently because a bunch of the times he wasn't actually fighting anything It was what a situation where they were putting the enemies in later So he was fighting nothing So he literally had to know know this number system to know where he was going because there wasn't even anyone there to Indicate okay, there's a person coming at you from this side or this side He would have to remember that and be like well, there'll be one from here and now there'll be one from here So it's it's interesting and I bet that was tough The film originally got an NC 17 rating Raimi cut it, but it ended up still getting an R rating They were going for lower than that then Universal sent it to an outside editor who cut it further But it's still got an R rating. So they just ended up releasing it like that They wanted they wanted to get it down to the PG-13. It just never happened and after trying enough They were just like, okay, whatever it is what it is Danny Elfman did the theme song March of the Dead Very cool Danny Elfman very well known Due to legal issues with Universal the events of Army of Darkness were actually not allowed to be referenced in the Ash vs. Evil Dead TV show which I thought was interesting until the second season when those issues got resolved and Then that's why you see in season 2 of Ash vs. Evil Dead. They actually do reference Army of Darkness a Bunch of comics have actually been released Having to do with Ash and Bruce Campbell and Army of Darkness and I'll name a few that sounded very interesting to me I wish I could find these but they've been out for so long. Good luck Dark man versus Army of Darkness Army of Darkness versus Reanimator I think I'm most interested in that one and Freddy versus Jason versus Ash Which I'm sure a lot of people know that was actually rumored to end up being a film at some point But it just never happened Okay, so getting into the events of the actual film the voiceover in the beginning for the recap actually works in this instance If you saw my review for Evil Dead 2, I did not like the voiceover recap of what happened prior to the events of that film Mainly because it was just some random dude So it works for Army of Darkness because it's it's Ash. It's Bruce Campbell. It's Ash as a character Giving the recap so that makes sense as opposed to some random person giving the recap So I'm fine with it this time around Ash's dire situation is believable as people try to destroy what they don't understand Also, I love them fighting his car So when he first shows up in these medieval times the fact that they don't know who he is he looks weird He's in the vicinity of Henry the Red and his guys They immediately see him as a threat and it kind of speaks to the issue where if people see something They they don't understand something. They know something seems foreign. They automatically have a more hostile Approach to it especially Longer ago like in me medieval times when things were more violent So yeah, but like I said, I like the aspect of when he shows up like his car comes with him And then the guys are kind of like poking their swords at the car like they're trying to fight the car Which you know, not their fault. They don't know what it is The comedy in this works bet a little bit better at times than the last one I'd say that mainly because there are a lot more memorable lines in this of dialogue so for me personally like I like the Verbal comedy a lot more in this one versus Evil Dead 2 I like the physical comedy in Evil Dead 2 more than this because It's a little more toned down like it's funny enough in army of darkness It just goes so far and like I said like it's still fun But for me what I personally want from like continuing this story I want something closer to the original one, but I know you're not really gonna get that So maybe closer to the second one and that's fine, but personal opinion The blood guys are from the pit is awesome. I I love I know I've said this on reviews before Anytime, there's just an inordinate amount of blood flying. It always makes me giddy It's always such a fun thing to watch So like the anticipation that you get in that scene because they're just focusing on the pit for so long And then all of a sudden it's just like this crazy guys are blood You weren't really expecting that and that's what's even more fun about the guys are blood It is such a triumphantly awesome moment for Ash when he jumps up and connects his hand to the the chainsaw when he's in the pit It's just this moment of like everyone just getting a charge the audience I'm assuming as well of just like oh, yeah, here we go He's got the chainsaw back because you know, that's one of the most interesting things They did a good job of setting up the events to make Ash a legend to those people and they made it Seem for the context of the movie Believable that those things would happen and then people would then treat him like oh my gosh He is you know the one from the prophecy in the Necronomicon Getting the metal hand actually opens up a possible a lot of possibilities for this film especially from more of a functional standpoint and Easier for acting for Bruce Campbell, but I actually think that it's just you know It's just not as cool as the chainsaw. Obviously. I'm sure most people would agree with me on that They do a good job working in more backstory to the Necronomicon And I like how Ash is actually part of the Prophecy because that basically says that all the events in his life before that have been predetermined like that's been his destiny And I just think that's cool. It makes him Going from some poor person who just ended up in a bad situation had to fight their way out To someone who is always destined to be there and do that and basically Fight the deadites forever until they're gone for humanity So it just like elevates his level and it makes him basically a legend like he becomes in army of darkness The splitting trees is a very nice addition for the evil rushing through the woods POV shots I I don't think they did that neither of the last two films So I really like that addition of you know as it's coming the trees splitting open It's a cool visual and I like that and it just shows like the force of that evil He's very used to being chased through the woods Ash it's once again. I mean it happens in every every one of the movies now He's getting chased through the woods by this evil. So at this point, it's just you have to have it in the film It's gonna be there And he's also used to fighting parts of himself, which happens again, you know Obviously, I'm referring to the severed hand from the second film where he has to fight that one This one obviously where he has to fight the little ashes Which just like the fight with his severed possessed hand in the second one feels very Tom and Jerry cartoon Ask very slapsticky very over the top very three stooges as we talked about for an influence The little evil ashes if you notice come from broken pieces of a mirror now mirrors have been used a lot in Evil dead in the first evil dead There was the mirror on the wall that ends up getting used that he sticks his hand into Then in evil dead 2 there was or and then there's also always been for Linda that mirror pendant Which serves a purpose in in the second one to bring ash back from being evil And then there's also the mirror situation where he is looking in the mirror and goes from being good to being evil because he starts choking himself So there's been this play throughout the the films of mirrors as Showing the two sides of a person in the situation ash And so it continues here where he finds a mirror He breaks the mirror and then all these little ashes come through the mirror That's once again like in the second film the evil side of ash coming out But in this instance since the mirror was broken. It's in numerous pieces So it's a bunch of little ashes which has you know fun in itself the concept of that fight, which is pretty cool The scene of the disposal of bad ash it is shot the same as The shed scene in the evil dead and evil dead to whenever there are the moments where he's going to the shed to like Saw things and get things ready. It's that kind of like, you know close up Seeing the chains pulled over that's used in every single film And I like the continuity of that because it's a cool. Those are cool shots and they work really well I love how ash sneakily looks around Even though he's alone He like sneakily looks around before he flubs the Klaatu Varate Nick to Line before touching the neck neck or nom con. It's just like this extra added comedic thing that works really well Plus, you know, that's just a wonderful scene because love My wife watch this movie with me I talked her into watching it and she did particularly think that was a funny part of the film And this is the thing like she didn't she would not like the first two evil dead films But she kind of enjoyed this one because it doesn't feel much like horror really because it's more of like a Comedy action film more than anything. There's horror to it. Obviously. Yes, but it's more comedy action Ash just wants to go back to normal but ends up realizing he has no choice But to be the hero that he never wanted to be That's that whole issue of him fighting with his internal struggle of I just want to be a normal person But then eventually understanding that this is my destiny if nobody else if I don't do this Nobody else is gonna do this. I need to take care of these deadites I'm the only person who can do this right now and he fights against that initially when he says I just want to go home, but then he comes back and it's just like yeah, you know what? I'm gonna be the hero showing that he's complicated. He's not a straight-up hero. He's You know fighting between wanting to just be a normal dude and accepting this mantle of being this legend All the skeleton effects in this I love I think they're awesome Even though they're old at this part at this point. They just still look fun to me anything. That's like physical you can touch Well, the people making it could actually touch. I like as opposed to CG Notice real quick There's a Fangoria magazine in the trunk of Ash's car when he's getting in there to like get everything out because He's gonna use science to win the battle, which I thought was a fun quote where he was talking about The modified car is epic. I love the shots of it going through with that giant The blades on the front just like Knocking apart the skeletons and just like causing carnage. That's a lot of fun I love when they have that scene showing you that it's just like busts out and out there into the fight Which by the way real quick if people don't know there was a I'm sure it's still available There was a a game for smartphones that came out some years ago called Army of Darkness like Castle Defense or something like that Really fun game. I've like Deleted it and redownloaded it to play it all over again numerous times over the past many years Take a look for it. It's actually pretty fun. It's very army of darkness The castle siege is a pretty long sequence now I think part of that is I was watching the director's cut so there's extra footage added so for the director's cut It's a long sequence. I think still for the regular the theatrical cut It is a long sequence and I kind of wish they would have cut it down a little bit because they don't need all that fighting, but you know personal preference Nothing brings warring factions together like a common enemy. This is a very good point You know, this is in real life and this is in film all the time I'm talking about at the end where the people who ashes with Decide to drop their swords and be friends with Henry the red and his folks because they showed up to help out and prior to Then they're there were warring factions, but like I said, you know, nothing brings enemies together like another common enemy It works The theatrical endings. Okay, so the theatrical ending like I was saying is my favorite Obviously, that's the one where he's at S Mart and the deadite shows up and it's more like modern times He made it back and he's telling his story And then he has to fight the deadite. I love that ending. I think that's a great ending now in this director's cut The ending is he accidentally takes too many drops of that Sleeping potion that he was given and he wakes he goes past his time and he wakes up in like a post-apocalyptic Area where you know buildings are you just see like the backdrop of like buildings are just destroyed and he's just like no And that's where they end it. I don't like that ending. I think it's dumb I think the S Mart one is way more fun way more interesting for setting things up for the show eventually, but they thought they were gonna do films, but The typical Raimi styles on display in this, you know with the skewed angles with a lot of really close-up shots on faces I love that type of directing But it actually does feel like there's less of that than there were in the first two films And I think maybe part of that is he was you know, Raimi's Changing his style a little bit more becoming more of like big studio cinema Style and I feel like that's where he gets to when he's doing like the spider-man movies that he ended up doing so, you know people change over time and style changes over time and then the last thing I wanted to say is that Just like yesterday, I think when I'm recording this there was an announcement that there is going to be another Evil Dead film and it is going to be called Evil Dead Rise At least at the moment. That's what it's gonna be called and apparently they're moving it to a new setting It's gonna be in a city. So deadites coming to a city now. This is something that Bruce Campbell has talked about I'm not sure Raimi's talked about it yet But Bruce Campbell has so I don't know if that means that Bruce Campbell is gonna be in it necessarily or he's just maybe producing it again or Involved in writing. I don't know at this point. There aren't a whole lot of details But I do like the idea of deadites in a city. It's very new and I feel like they could do a lot with that So anyway, that's those are kind of my feelings now. I need to give it a rating So like I said, I don't like it as much as the first one. I don't like it as much as the second one So I think it's still a good film for what it is I'm gonna give it three stars three out of five stars with that's with half stars and play as you know So yeah, put your comments down here Once again, I know there are people out there who just are in love with army of darkness This is not a knock against you. This is just my personal opinion that over time I've not loved it as much anymore So but feel free to tell me your feelings on it So put a comment down there and do me a very quick favor hit that subscribe button If you like any reviews that I've ever done any videos on here That is your best way to repay me because I'm not making money doing this or anything I'm just doing it for fun and doing it for the viewers out there So if you could do me that solid and hit that subscribe button I would greatly appreciate that and then if you are gonna do that also hit the Notification bell because then that way, you know, whenever I'm putting up new reviews or doing live streams or any of that stuff So regardless, thanks for taking your time to watch this Keep your eye open for my review of ash versus evil dead Which may take a little extra time because I got to watch through all three seasons And then I think I'm also going to delve into the remake the evil dead remake that was done in 2013 into a review of that as well I also have a playlist on the channel at the moment for all these evil dead reviews So yeah, but anyway, thanks for checking this out and until next time keep it brutal


Hi guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rossell here I just came back from another of my supermarket trips and I thought I would do another vlog This is I think now the fourth or even the fifth vlog I've done about my new low fat diet I'm currently in week three and as I recorded yesterday having a really good time at the moment I'm making sort of a lot of superfluous almost trips to the supermarket because every time I can think of oh This would probably be low fast and going out to like check out If that is indeed the case and I can find products this tonight was a super intense supermarket trip I was going around the aisles like a crazy person for one hour But I think I find out a really good amount of foods that I'm adding now into my diet So just before you go any further want to quickly make one note for myself I usually record these using a little USB lavalier microphone like so actually been reasonably happy with the sound quality Definitely makes me sound a little bit too Nasally but what I'm doing today or now is I've actually got my podcasting mic up on a boom here on a boom arm So that's the that's the difference. This is another my own a microphone And I'll put that info for anyone curious in the description not that I think these are really Amazing microphones that are what I could guess in Israel pretty easily from Alex from Amazon actually So let me show you today's discoveries. So number one I picked up some satan. So I was in the in the vegan section of a supermarket here in Israel called Shufrasal and Shufrasal has a health food section called Shufrasal green now Israel actually has a really big vegan population So it's actually you're pretty well stocked. So as before I was going through the shelves reading reading reading the nutritional labels and as usual as I've said many times you can't just Go based on what you'd expect. So all the veggie burgers I saw were over the three grams FAP or 100 gram threshold What I did find was satan and that kind of makes sense because satan to the best of my knowledge It's like the gluten in wheat made into like an artificial meat thing So I figured this would be a handy thing to have in the freezer This is from the company called Teva deli vegan and this says in Hebrew satan shawarma As people might know I'm a big fan of ethnic food So that should be good and the fat content here is listed as being 4.2 4.2 grams of FAP or 100 grams. So a little bit over three, but only by a hair's breath mushroom mushroom Fake burgers mushroom veggie burgers were also really low. They were only three, but I didn't really feel like I don't know Mushroom burgers doesn't say a feeling to me.  I mentioned yesterday that I had failed in my endeavor to actually pick up low-fat yogurt So there was different fat varieties and that 1.5 is what I was shooting for. So these are just little Pats of yogurt yogurt dairy products in Israel are surprisingly expensive and there's all sorts of complicated bureaucratic and Reasons for that to do with kosher stuff. So this is not cheap at the moment. I Do believe as all this low-fat stuff is kind of a bit of work I'm kind of give myself the odd treat. So I picked up this bag of sweets probably low-fat Not healthy So this is spray oil. So I saw they had a few different types of a spray oil in the supermarket. So there was Olive oil flavored spray oil canola. This one has 90.6 per 100 milliliters of Grams of fat. So this is you just put on but you just put on a tiny spray So this is obviously very very high fat content But the idea is obviously that use a tiny amount So if anyone's watching this happens to be based in Israel This is I try as much as possible to buy Shufrasal's own brand because the cost of living in Israel is super super expensive The cross to groceries is super expensive And if anybody's trying to lower that through like their own brand not only that it costs even just a fraction less But I really try to support that.  I've talked about previously like the fruit the veg I got myself some more oranges here. I got a few of these, you know, acti-mal things just to kind of Acti-malia acti-mal, which I think is acti-mal abroad from from Denona These little yogurt drinks 1.5% fat, so that's definitely in the low-fat territory and I feel like these things are pretty handy The only cheese Oh no, this is smoked. I didn't see this the only cheese that I've really really not liked so much so far has been The hard cheese of the low-fat cheeses and again 5% isn't truly low-fat. It's just lower fat I mean trying to go for Even lower but it's really hard to get cheese below in Israel at least 5% like bulgaris and feta I'll go down to 5% I haven't yet found one below. I'm sure it exists But I haven't found it So the only the only of the relatively lower-fat dairy products I haven't liked so far has actually been the harder of those kind of hard cheese things. So This is labneh I mentioned labneh before it's a this is a chouffre sale own brand again This is 5% so labneh comes in chouffre sale's own product range in like a 5% 10% and I think even higher so typically you'll see a few and five as I said is the lowest I can commonly find for most dairy products. So this is chouffre sale's own brand of labneh Me are down to back number two. Okay So I haven't eaten breakfast cereal in like literally probably 15 years at some point in life I really I got really into eating hummus and pita for breakfast and that's been like my breakfast Since before it was a college student. So we're literally going back like 15 years here So I went into one of today's focuses for my stock up was I wanted to get a breakfast cereal I want to have all the options in the pantry basically. That's what I'm doing this week so I spent a bit of time in the breakfast cereal aisle looking for products that were low-fat and The best I came up with was actually bran flakes now I've said this before on the blogs or what I'm figuring out so far is you can't You can't assume that just because something's supposed to be healthy that it is actually low fat So I went through all the musli's I went through all the granola's in the supermarket and none of them were actually low fat They were all like 10 grams of fat or more mostly coming from stuff like nuts. That's pretty considered good fat But I wasn't there. So this bran flakes is 2.6 grams of fat per 100 grams of Calories so this is really lean. So what I'm going to be doing for breakfast the days I don't feel like cooking oatmeal or cooking porridge I'm going to be putting 1% or skimmed milk along with bran flakes and that's going to be my breakfast I find one more option that Going all out at the moment. I find one more option that was reasonably low fat So this is this range of cereals by Nestle called fitness now. I know all the packages in Hebrew I've mentioned before I live in Israel. So that is just what it is Fitness this range of kind of health cereals by Nestle had a bunch of options and this one's 2.8 grams of fat per 100 So and it's got a few dried fruit in it, but not not fatty dry fruit like little bits of dried, you know pineapple whatever so that So that's I think that's going to be me covered for breakfast I also got some whole wheat pastas just something. I'm always really I don't like eating refined grains generally So this is you should first I'll have a range called green penne oregano here This is actually spelt pasta so you can be a bit creative in your shopping I actually found there were only two types of whole wheat pasta in the regular pasta section But I mentioned to the organic section There was like four types and the packet sizes were much bigger for the same amount of money I'll get more pasta. So I've got I've got two kinds of a spelt pasta now Continuing I got four. So this is more just 5% cheese and going through quite a lot of this stuff at the moment Bulgari's I'm definitely going down in it and it is salty. So probably something you want to eat in moderation. I Got for tonight's dinner what I'm gonna be eating in as soon as I do this video or wrap up this video. It's Ravioli with with spinach and cheese. So this is pre-cooked now I would have assumed that all the kind of pre-made pasta that you just put in a pot Were will be out of the fat rain. So he's actually very pleasantly surprised to see that this one. Well, it's really not bad After cooking it's 3.6 grams of fat for 100 grams and I guessing they're using a relatively low fat cheese in this I'm not sure this ready-made stuff is probably all that good for you But as I said my focus right now is more on getting things in In terms of spread so I was in the spread department for a while now. I know this is all so much detail I'm happy if no one watches this video on and it's just there for like my own reference I spent like one like a solid hour going through the shelves in the supermarket I couldn't find any Spreads that were like low fat.  So this is a this is a blackberry Rivet Maniots, so it's it's actually fat-free. So Again, what I'm doing at the moment is figuring out what I can eat and then sort of assembling What is really low fat and then putting together recipes Based around those so now I'm really kind of getting there in terms of having options for breakfast for lunch for dinner Making progress every day today for breakfast. I had some porridge in the afternoon I had my a bit of pasta and bulgurese and made sure to throw in a lot of Greens a lot of cucumbers a lot of tomatoes and now for tonight for dinner I'm going to be cooking up this stuff. So it's gonna be more pasta and cheese I'm trying to make sure to eat like fruits on the side as well right now I reckon I'm probably actually eating too many calories because I'm just trying out all these different things So I wouldn't be surprised if when I measure my weight in two weeks I go up a little bit, but my intention is that as I sort of figure out what to eat I'll go back to just eating like a normal amount of food every day And yeah, it's really good to find out that there are actually so many options what you can eat So at the moment my diet the kind of fulcrums of my diet the low-fat diet grains so like breakfast cereal low-fat dairy a little bit of sugar in the form of fruit and these you know jams and stuff like that and lentils as well are really good all those kind of legumes so chickpeas lentils etc or I'm also throwing those in whenever I'm preparing a salad I have a bowl a gastronome full of lentils in the fridge And I'm just throwing in a bit of lentils as I was actually a meeting a lot of really great food And therefore feeling quite good about it. So thank you guys for watching anyone who did and more videos will be coming on soon


The proposed smart hybrid energy system, SHES, combines batteries, photovoltaic, PVA systems, and diesel-slash gas engines to provide reliable electricity supply while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. An economic-slash environmental dispatch optimization algorithm, EDOA, is used to optimize the system's operation in order to minimize costs or emissions. To address the uncertainty of renewable power generation, constraints on loss of load probability, LOLP, and operating reserves for the rechargeable battery are considered. The system can operate in either grid-connected or island modes, depending on the location and needs of the community. Forecast models such as LSTM or XGBoost are used to improve the EEDOA, which further reduces costs and emissions. This article was authored by Wei Wu, Shiche Chou, and Karthikian Vishwanathan.


Statistics for both sections combined, okay, IT, CS combined, there are 72 or 72 students I think took the quiz, maybe a few missed it, didn't take it. Of all the people who took it, I think one person didn't get more than 50%, okay, so that one person. You can see on Moodle on the website, you can see, it's not obvious, but you can see your grades for this course, there's a link to your grades and there it will show you your score for this quiz. If it's green, I think it's above 50%, if it's red, it's below 50%, if it's a dash, you didn't do it. So most people did it and got passed. So most people took multiple attempts, so on average two attempts. This is good, average grade on first attempt, 60% for most people. I don't think it's quite a reflection of your knowledge though, because we'll see later why some people got 60%, maybe some may have copied, I don't know, we'll see. Some more statistics, this doesn't mean a lot because this is the highest grade for each, again the highest grade most people got between 6 and 7 out of 7. That's fine, I like to see that. Only one person got lower than 3.5, okay. This is maybe the question that most people found the hardest, some were just short questions which even on the second attempt many people got this wrong and on the third attempt a lot of people got it wrong. Of course there were different numbers here. The question was you have some size, some file of a particular size, in this example three megabytes, you want to download it, okay. You download at a speed of 10 kilobits per second, lower case B means bits, okay, kilo, 10 kilobits per second. Essentially how long does it take to download? So you have 10 megabytes, sorry, three megabytes, I've got it on here at the moment, we'll show, three megabytes, how many bits, three megabytes, how many bits, 24 million bits, mega, million or 10 to the power of 6 and 1 byte, 8 bits. So the uppercase B means 8 bits in this case, so 24 million bits you want to download. So the data to transfer, you've got to download 24 million bits. We want everything in the same unit, it's much easier to calculate when it's in the same unit. So 24 million bits to transfer at a speed of 10,000 bits per second. So you can transfer 10,000 bits in one second, you've got 24 million bits to transfer, how long does it take or what is the minimum time? That is what's the best case, because you can't go faster than 10,000 bits per second. So 24 million bits in 10,000 bits per second, it takes us 2,400 seconds. So very simple once you know how. Importantly, try and recognize the correct units and get your numbers in the right units when you calculate. People had different numbers here, but the same approach was needed. Some issues people recognized when we're using this online quizzes, the software is called Moodle, I'll refer to that. When I set up the quiz questions, I give some expected answers and in some cases, and then Moodle automatically grades your answers, I don't, Moodle gives you a score immediately. It expects the answers in certain formats, because I've only programmed in some formats. I cannot do everything, because there are so many possible answers in some cases. So in this example question, or that question in the past, if you gave 2,400 seconds, that is you spelt the unit as seconds, it would have been marked 100% correct, or instead of just seconds you gave an S, a lowercase S, that would have been correct. Some people recognize that if you gave a comma, this is a bad thing of this software, it doesn't recognize commas in numbers. So 2,400 with a comma here would have been marked wrong. Similar if you gave a dot after the S, and if you gave it in milliseconds, it's the same number, but it's in fact not accepted by the software. So what do you take away? Don't use commas, try and use common symbols and prefixes, even though 2.4 million milliseconds is correct, it's not an appropriate answer if the answer is in seconds, in this case, or better off in seconds. But if you gave these answers, and the system told you you were wrong, contact me and I'll go manually greater, and I would mark all of these as correct, but I have to manually do that, I'll only do that if you contact me. So if you see an answer, you're sure it's correct, or you think it's correct, just tell me and I'll manually change the score. Don't worry too much there, sorry I'm taking time, attempt the quiz on your own.


Friday, let's get it boy.  What's good flamboyant flamboyancy flambé Frederick Douglass all of it man all of it's happening today on Dunk life daily. What's good welcome? I'm gonna get a new poster. It's about progress. It's about little steps It's about making the first step first step Friday's at the name of the podcast you tell me I don't know. I already made the title because you're watching it now But I can't tell what it is doesn't make the title after I do this.  Let's do it. That's what it's about. It's about doing it It's about Friday. It's about feeling it feeling energy Friday.    This is feeling good. This is what you do You go with the stream of consciousness you work on your strength you work on that progress man We're at a minute already.  That was the fastest 60 second Friday ever God damn it if only 60 started with F that would have been good 50 50 second Friday Maybe I'll do a 50 second bars. Maybe not who knows I got bars in the works. I got a whole Rap moment working on what's happening right now if this is the first podcast you listen to that's what I want to know I want to know what the hell you are feeling right now Shout out to the date don't go out daily podcast subscribe on all the friggin audio platforms to get the updates pretty dope Subscribe to me the energy man. I love that little title. I gave myself twice now I think if you listen to the next J. Dooth podcast coming out later spoiler alert second episode coming today two episodes dunked yesterday was amazing Court was slippery worked on something that I could work on the court was slippery So I couldn't go full speed couldn't go my full aggression, but I still was jumping fantastic because it was a fantastic Friday jr. Because Thursday's Friday jr. And I jumped really well But I couldn't because it was slippery But I wanted to go to the low-rim and I didn't want to drive to another gym Point is you work on what you can work on and you keep f-ing working You keep moving forward forward Friday. Whoo if you Want to help me out as a friend on Friday share this with somebody if they don't like this What are they doing row? This is the essence of what I love to do. Hi, mom. That's for you I know you're listening. I got to do it if I'm gonna make a great podcast I got to have a high mom in there say how do your mom today say how do your friends have more friends on Friday What are you gonna do today? What am I gonna do today?  I'm gonna come home from work. I'm gonna fuel up Friday. I'm fueling up I'm already fueled, but I'm gonna fuel up food wise fuel up food wise Friday and then Tomorrow is dunk day with my boy Justin and his friend and I don't know if his friend dunks But the point is we're friends and it's Friday and tomorrow's dunk day I'm gonna fly and I'm dunking like a monster spoiler alert If you haven't seen my not if you haven't seen if I haven't posted my vlog yet I dunked really well on the 9 9 baby rim probably my best drill look of all time I'm starting to punch him off the dribble not just take off. I'm learning about my technique I want to do that was on this channel to teach you about my technique what I learned and what the little nuances that are really The finishing move finishing move Friday. I learned about my vertex jump. So I was not staying upright I want to get a whole tutorial on that leave your comments on what you want to see Leave your fan favorite comments and pump them up So you want if you someone comments and then you want to see like it up So I can see it and also ask your questions here so that way I can get responses to them fast fast fast response Friday For now hmm ask your questions.  Anyway, have a great day. I'm gonna end it there before I Diffuse the Friday fire have a great one. I love all your feedback. I've been getting the best feedback on Instagram I'm gonna screenshot and put on my story So if you don't want me to do that because it's all love Let me know before when you send it because someone did that today And I made sure I did not post them because some people don't want to be public and that's fine It's fine on Friday. If you don't want to be public, but if I'm gonna post it. I love you all I love the comments. It's all love.   That's what I need. I need someone to spark me I know it seems like I'm sparking myself and I guess that's what I'm doing But it sparks me knowing that I could spark you guys because it's like if I'm one ember and I see other embers popping up I'm like, oh, baby. We're growing.   There's zero fucks that I give I say a lot of them, but I don't give any of them. I don't give any fucks Have a great Friday only one more thing to say. I think you know what it is Toodaloo Trying to make an intro ended up making an anthem


Okay, alright, so this is natural script writing with Guile by Pretend Arnie, so Arnie's newest step towards a perfect script writing with syntax, so hello audience and presenter. I am pretending to be Arnie, Arnie is imaginary and is not here, presents his gratitude. So hello Arnie and then audience should applause, that's what it says, don't leave him hanging, he's not here, that would be so rude but luckily you fulfilled it. So this is the output of that program that we just saw, so okay, the audience applause and stuff like that, and so you can see there's this kind of cool, it looks like plain text but it's also got some scheme involved in there, kind of quasi-quoting, but yeah, okay, so let's continue on. So apparently that's actual Guile code, parse the scheme at read time, you can import the language back, so he's got a whole website about Wisp, if you haven't heard of Wisp, Wisp is this kind of white space significant Lisp that Arnie's been working on and it allows you to do Lisp as if it allows you to write scheme in a very kind of like pythonic natural looking way. So where, prior art, where do we start from? Presenter set, oh okay, so I'm supposed to give this just in seconds each, okay. So this is Battle for Wesnoth, I'm also familiar with this structure here. These are, they actually use INI style config files for their entire system, including they actually embed programs instead of the string values of everything, like with their whole DL cells. So anyway, you know, for both, dialogues are not its main purpose and yeah, you really don't want to embed programs inside of the values of strings and INI files. Okay, scum, see him from Monkey Isle. Not bad, something's odd, but it does have the kind of actor, you know, it looks a little bit more like a script, all right.  Look, you got three quotes there just to be able to say the thing and have a new line, okay. All right, so what's next? Spells with Lisp. So this actually, I don't know if anybody's ever seen this, there's a fun article about casting spells with Lisp. There's also a book that came out called Land of Lisp that includes it as well, and it's got a little text adventure that you write inside of Lisp. You see, Lisp and text adventure is another connection, and you're, when you go in, but it looks very not natural, right? Okay, so examples, where Arnie is. So here's an example, looks very much so like writing, yeah, just kind of a script, but it's, again, got the string quasi quoting, and the output looks good. It has the actual structure in there. So here's some more examples. Apparently this is actually, this looks like it's a defining a list of answers here. And again, it has the output, but you can see that it actually converted the stuff that was here because it was a list, and it actually did a map across it or something like that. Anyway, his summary is it works, and he's happy. And his next step is making games, main complications, shipping games made with Gile. You can find the source code in the Wisp poll here. Thank you. Thanks, Arnie. Here's apparently the basic version of the Three Witches thing. Scott. How many people are using this? I don't know. I gave a talk, I have a blog post where I showed how to use it with Geeks, Dusty Cloud, Geeks, Wisp. Yeah, so I mean it's kind of cool because Wisp lists my own surprises. So I've used it. So you can see here side by side the same code. I'll make it a little bit bigger so you can see it. So here's a Hello World example in Wisp, and here's a scheme version side by side. And you can see they look pretty similar, right? What this mostly does is they can do any S expression language, not just scheme, as long as it's got, as long as it knows how to convert things to the parentheses. So unlike a lot of other white space significant languages, you can do macros with it, too, and stuff like that, right? Which is really hard. Like if you've used Julia or Dylan or something like that, they're theoretically kind of Python-like syntax, but with macros. Except they actually use a completely different syntax for the macros thing, because without something as cool as S expressions, you're just not going to get it, I guess. But anyway, so here's the version of the code side by side, where on the left you can see the geeks definition of grep in scheme. And then if we shift to the right, you can see it actually looks pretty similar. And actually I think quite readable. In fact, I gave a talk on this, and I showed it to some friends. And one of my friends said, wow, looking at the right version of things makes the left version of things a lot less scary. And he's like, and I don't like lists, right? And so he's like, now I'm not as scared of parentheses, right? So I actually think that that's one of the coolest things about Wisp is that it might end up being a nice in-between of things, right? And of course it would probably make this look a lot less gnarly with all my code, although of course I love parentheses, so I don't mind it. Yeah. Other questions? You can do questions for either Arnie's thing, because I can probably only answer to such a limited amount, or about concurrency or 8-sync things. It's up to whatever. Arnie, is Wisp intended to make the entry into S-expressions easier, or is it really intended to be used? I think it's intended for both. Let's see. Arnie's website. Well, wait. Does he have a live version of the thing that's happening right now? Livestream from the guile development. Oh, man, it's so meta. We get deep. You have no idea, Arnie. Okay. So his whole idea here, as far as I understand, was that he wanted to, and Arnie came from Python originally, and he has a whole book that he wrote that you can find online about his experiences of moving from Python to guile. And I think he was, he still found it really difficult to overcome the parentheses, and now he likes the parentheses, right? But like many people, yeah, and he's quoting me here. I guess it's appropriate that I'm up here representing Arnie. And here's him from last year, even more meta. So yeah, I think that it's actually intended to be both. You can definitely write stuff in it, and I think that Arnie hopes to, that people will. But it's also, I think, reduces a lot of the pain of coming into it. And I think it would be great if we had Wisp as one of the languages that ship with guiles VM by default, right? We've got this theoretical VM tower, and it's so much of an easy match to guile anyway. Why not include Wisp with it, right? It seems like a pretty easy win for us to include it. And then when somebody's like, well, I would use Scheme, but I don't like the SAS expressions, we can be like, well, look at Wisp. And like, you know. Yeah. And just like Emacs emulating them, you're like, it's exactly like that other thing except for in all the places that it's not.  But no, I think it's a pretty cool project. I think that Arnie's doing great work here. OK, another question about whatever. OK, I have a question for Chris. So about Aetsync, do you have a feel of the overhead of passing messages? So when I tested last, and I know. Oh yeah, so the question is, what's the overhead of passing messages in Aetsync? So A, there's a lot of things that can be sped up. Like for example, I'm converting numbers to strings in there, and I actually could just have it not append the numbers to a string and just have them be separate, and then I wouldn't have that problem, right? So there's a lot of things that could be sped up. When I did a test on my Libreboot X200 from a decade ago, I was able to get about, I think, 25 to 50,000 messages at a time going for per second. So not great, but not really good. But if you look at ACA, which is a Java-like actor model thing, they've got, I think on modern machines, so I have no idea what it would be on my X200, they've got about a million messages a second or something like that. So it can be improved. There's also, I think, a bug that you won't notice in the mud, but I know about it, where I keep accidentally adding a prompt every time you resume one of the delimited continuations. So that's adding so overhead that's what it's just a bug, and it can be improved. So I don't really know, but for me, it feels like 25,000 messages per second is, for most things that you're going to be doing, it's probably good enough. And you could also probably, like, so I'm planning on writing a web server application, and for that, the majority, I'm not planning to break it into as many fine-grained actors as, like, the mud, right? It's okay to do your usual thing where you have, like, the views and you have, like, a request comes in and it runs through the whole thing and then runs out, right? So you could just have an actor for the web server, and then, you know, when you've got your database thing over there or you've got your running, like, if we were, it was MediaGoblin and you're trans-coding videos, you can have an actor for the trans-coder or something like that, right? So you might only have a few actors kind of rarely sending messages between each other in that kind of case. So I don't know, 25K seems like okay enough for now. I'm not happy with it, but I'm not unhappy with it. So, yeah. So I'm not copying, I'm passing it by reference, and also in Aka, I listened to a talk on that, on the plane here. They don't completely guarantee immutability. It's, like, probably immutable by default, but which is, you know, like, and so in here, I'm in mudsync for the entire thing. I'm passing as, like, like classic list, as expressions between all these things, right? For the most part. Like, I'm passing anything that could be written by SchemeWrite, basically. So this, it would be fine. As long as nobody takes one of those cells that I send and then mutates it by doing, like, setCutter and then just ruins my program, right? Like, as long as they don't do that, it's fine, right? And you even could pass a mutable thing to another actor if you're gonna never handle it again or something and you're in the same address space. But, right, so this doesn't serialize it between each thing. It actually just constructs the record of the message and then it does that. So it's by reference. Unless if you're sending it to something on a different process, of course, it's going to serialize before. Yeah. Anyone else? Any questions? Didn't you have a question, Alex? So the thing about dual that I said earlier, one cool thing about duality is that you can implement one on top of the other. So it's possible. So Andy Wing goes definitely a way better programmer than I am, right? Like, I'm unintentionally having prompts stack up without realizing it, right? Like, I don't think Wingo would make that mistake because he knows how things work and I don't, right? And like, but like, so fibers, I think, is probably a lot faster right now and stuff like that. And I would like to borrow the same data structure that they're using for the scheduler, which is actually borrowed from Ian Price's PFDS library. Whether or not they're going to merge or not, I don't know. Well, first of all, they implement two very similar but technically different abstractions, right? CSP versus the actor model, right? Those are not the same thing, but they can be implemented on top of each other. I don't really know. One of the things I was going to have, so CSP I think is a lot more mathy in some ways too, right? The actor models also has actually a fully like developed math concept, right? Of course, I'm using Goops, which like immediately makes me feel extremely on mathy. But by the way, I was originally, I never had time to program in here, but I was originally going to have a room that you could go into inside the eight sync hive, which would be the eight sync mutation chamber.   Every time that it mutates.   And then instead of mutating horribly, every time that a message comes to them, they actually clone with a modified version of itself and the old body gets thrown on top of the garbage collector and then like dumped into a shoe and she's like, this is much more humane. I never got around to coding it. So I just had to describe it. But anyway, so yeah, I don't really know. And I think Wingo doesn't know either. Like Wingo and I both in our manuals both reference each other's library. And I think the main reason for that is that nobody really knows, right? It could be that eventually just fibers turns out to be way better than 8th sync and I'm just like, well, I'm just moving over to fibers, right? I don't know. And I think that, and I think in Wingo's, some writing that he did, he said it's too early to guarantee what the proper high level concept of things is in Gile right now, but like we can collaborate on the low level concepts. So suspendable ports, for example, is kind of the low level side of things and then we can experiment in the high level thing. And I think that's good. You know, unfortunately it does mean that maybe eventually I'll completely rewrite mud sync to be, you know, in fibers or something like that. But in the meanwhile, I think it's still, you know, it's still fun. It's still fun to experiment with. By the way, 8th sync is in geeks. So you can, and I think fibers will be tuned. Hopefully, if Wingo said he was going to try to add it, I don't know if he did. I ran into troubles while trying to package it, but I think he said it could be packaged now. But anyway, so if you want to check out Gile-8th sync and start playing around, there's a full tutorial if you go to the 8th sync there is a full tutorial. There's not API documentation who needs that. But if you go to the tutorial, it'll actually walk you through from writing an IRC bot to writing your own network-denamed old actor and then it just talks about how great Emax is. But anyway, yeah, so I probably answer that in over detail. Anybody else have any questions about any of these things or whatever? Just a suggestion. Why don't you take this talk about the Python instead of Python-Deprude next year? Maybe I have to go test the interesting shape of Python. Oh, you mean the Python-like syntax? Yeah. Okay, well, I mean, I'm not Arne, so which Arne should do it, for sure. But as meta Arne, as meta Arne, I say that's a great idea. I should show up there. I should talk about my experiences of moving from Python to Gile and then show why I wrote this other thing that makes me feel like I'm writing Python but I'm actually writing Scheme. So yes, I think it's a good idea as meta Arne. Anybody else? I mean, we could just take a break or something. Yeah, so yeah, we've got 12 minutes till the next talk. All right, everybody's able to, for the first time in this entire thing, we've got like an actual break, so all right. Thanks, everybody.


Many of the words which we use in the modern day are derived from far more ancient sources than most would imagine. Many of the words that we use for objects and activities, which have been around since time immemorial, have their named origins placed near the birth of some of the earliest civilizations to have ever walked upon our planet. As such, if beings such as giants did once exist on Earth, one would not only expect to find enormous unexplained ruins, but also these lexical inspirations given to the activities undertaken by these huge people. Is it then just a mere coincidence that ancient enormous stone walls are often named Cyclopean?  Is it also but a mere coincidence that the giant found within biblical stories named Goliath was also a one-eyed beast? Was the name given to these enormous ruins a clue to their original builders? A clue left upon spoken language, a remnant far more difficult to erase from history than any physical remains.  Many of the ancient Cyclopean ruins that can be found within developed areas have often been draped with modern architecture. Many suspect that this is often done in an attempt to conceal the true nature of these sites. Coincidentally is a particularly good example of a country drenched in Cyclopean architecture, yet chooses to overlook such wonders in favor of modern development. Scattered throughout ancient Latinium, and yet again, coincidentally, placed at the location of a later, flourishing civilization, and actually the first real modern-world superpower, Rome, are ruins undoubtedly left by an as yet not publicly disclosed or studied branch of ancient beings who are capable of feats we are yet to unravel. Many classical writers and historians, including Homer, Hesiod, Plutarch, Thuclides, and Diodorus Siculus, among others, posited the idea that the Cyclopean ruins of Italy and others within Europe were erected by this now extinct Cyclopean race. And we seemingly continue to carry this torch. For, to heavily research, not only these particular areas of ancient architecture, but the many individuals who have made remarkable discoveries over the years, along with reels of newspaper archives with an interest in these particular finds, and also the suspected individuals tasked with the possible concealment of such. The proposition of an unknown, ancient race of controversial beings, possibly much larger than modern humans, having once existed on our planet, has become overwhelming. Why are ancient ruins, seemingly built by a race of giants, actually named after giants? A name with origins placed far within our distant past. Did an ancient race of giants once build the countless unexplained ruins found on virtually every continent? We find the evidence within some areas to suggest such overwhelming. We have in the past covered the remarkable legends, and in particular the intriguing enormous tombs which cover the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, long claimed as the resting places of some 800 or so ancient giants who once belonged to a now lost race of beings. It is undeniable that the scale of these inner chambers is of considerable size, most capable of housing remains of a size of 15 feet or more in height. There are, undeniably, many compelling pieces of written reports, and indeed photographic evidence of the discovery of ancient giant remains. Nearly all seemingly vanish into thin air, many shortly following the mention of the involvement of certain academic institutions. Such as the claim 3,000 or so remains claim to have been excavated by Ralph Glidden on Santa Catalina Island, located within the Channel Islands during the early 20th century, all of which now lost. However, like the many ancient uparts we share, there are that rare few which have fortunately made their way into the hands of private collectors or individuals lacking any agenda but that of revealing the truth of these objects' existence. And one such scenario involves that of a Luigi Muscus, a man who actually owns farmland on the island of Sardinia, upon which he claims to have found gigantic molars of a hominid appearance. In tandem with her appearance on the program Coast to Coast AM in the U.S., Paola Harris shared his extraordinary photos. After looking into the artifacts ourselves, we have indeed found an argument which will undoubtedly be used to dismiss the finds as that of ancient cave bear teeth, yet the root patterning and indeed crown of the molar like that of the partial jaw also shared seem to us to be more reminiscent of giant human skulls rather than the patterning of prehistoric bears. What's more, it must not be ignored that surrounding the claimed discovery site are indeed the aforementioned and gigantic ruins and the legends of individuals large enough to have once housed such teeth in their mouths which all persist on the island to this day. What do you think, an ancient giant molar and lower jaw or simply that of the remains of a prehistoric animal? It is a legend and indeed series of discoveries which we find highly compelling. Again, in regards to this fascinating subject, we must remark upon the outstanding work of William R. Corleis and his collecting of remarkable tales of ancient giants, but what's more, his general conclusive consensus and in which, due to our own research, we also share. For example, he mentions on page 102 of his source book Strange Artifacts that, quote, the ancient people of most countries seem to have possessed in the strongest degree a faith of giantology, end quote, a feeling we also share having validated our suspicions. He goes on to mention a tale of the astonishing size of the statues said to have represented the beings who once dwelled within the true ancient Egypt, quote, in front of the portals of the Palace of Karnak are gigantic human statues and in one of the courts are twelve immense stone figures, each 52 feet high. The adjacent Palace of Luxor has two granite statues, 38 feet high, at the entrance. In the ruins near Thebes are three huge figures, now thrown down, one being 64 feet high, and in the Palace of Parthenon of Athens many years before Christ, was a statue of Minerva, 36 feet high. The Temple of Olympia contained a seated statue of a god who rose almost to the ceiling, which would have made it some 68 feet high, end quote. He mentions that entering these places gives one the impression that they are entering the past dwelling place of giants, yet what he goes on to say was found is astounding. Gaius Plinius Secundus, called Plini the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the Emperor Vespasia. He wrote the encyclopedic Naturalis Historia, which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He states that after an earthquake in a Crete mountain, witnessed the complete intact remains of an ancient giant some 46 cubits long, or 60 to 70 feet tall, beings of this scale would easily explain how such enormous stones were moved, yet how they could have been hidden from history is an unknown motive, which we find highly compelling. It is now a well-known, heavily studied fact that the modern day bird was once a very different looking animal, evolution in the form of a radical transformational adaptation, forced upon them by gradual changes in the Earth's environment, from which they once came, that being the dinosaur. We now know this to be fact, thanks to modern technology. Our capability to now scan these fossils, some found remarkably well preserved, still fortunately containing many things, which have allowed us to discover that dinosaurs had bird brains, or more accurately, birds have dinosaur brains. With current investigations even shining light upon the reality that many of these gigantic animals, including the T-Rex, once had manes made of feathers. This drastic change from the dinosaur, resulting in the vast array of creatures we see today, from the ostrich to the albatross, even to the commonly domesticated budgerigar. Yet they all share one common trait, a significant reduction in their size, even animals which survived unchanged such as the crocodile, still shrank considerably. This shrinking of said species, having been demanded of them by environmental changes. As we have covered in the past is, in the channel's opinion, in its true sense, an adaptation of specific sets of vertebrate types, the true definition of species, not as Darwinian theory posits, of leaps between such. Thus, evolution witnessed within the animal kingdom is not indicative of a shared single ancestry, but inseparable branching from specific vertebrae or phyla groups, never proven to have leaped from one to another. As such, modern-day birds could in fact be seen as the product of de-evolutionary adaptation, possibly derived from cataclysm, which deprived them of the resources needed to remain at such gigantic sizes. The reason for this digression is the channel's postulation of this same process, having once possibly occurred to Homo sapiens also. Could this explain why some of the oldest ruins are also some of the most advanced, with many remaining beyond the reach of modern man's ability to understand them? Is it possible that man once had a much higher intellect than us today, due to a far greater size cranium? Simply put, were we once giants, just as modern-day birds were once dinosaurs? Gants and accounts of ancient giants can be found all over the world, also featuring in many ancient religious teachings. Additionally, many of the still unexplained sites of Earth regularly feature doorways, many feet, sometimes even meters above that which is required by and for humans of our modern scale. The Terracotta Army, for example, is believed by many independent researchers, including Mystery History, who have been made by a lost civilization, and their average height, intriguingly, is much taller than modern man. Many accounts exist of giants, which share similar descriptive characteristics. Red hair, double-road teeth, elongated skulls, etc. With many accounts of red-headed giant remains actually discovered and excavated all over the world, yet often all that survives of these reported events is a small news article, regularly noting Smithsonian involvement in said recoveries, yet seemingly and conveniently always slipping away from the public domain. Lovelock Cave being another example, locals tell of it once being the home of a group of red-headed giants, which was eventually blocked and the giants burnt alive, a giant handprint still visible on a rock in the cave, presumably made by one of these individuals during their unpleasant demise. Yet what has to be the most compelling piece of evidence, fortunately still in view to suggest giants did indeed once exist, are footprints found all over the globe, once laid down upon sediment, now fossilized into solid stone. These footprints range in size up to a few meters in length, indicating that humans, at some point in the distant past, may have been even larger than many dinosaur species. We find the evidence to support the hypothesis of giant ancient humans highly compelling. Ralph Glidden has a rather interesting story to tell, a story which he continued to tell from the grave. While digging on Catalina Island in the Gulf of California between 1919 and 1928, he found, according to him, and numerous newspaper articles from the time, numerous skeletons. But what made his claims particularly interesting, however, was the claim that their average height was around 7 to 9 feet. The question arrived at by all those who have heavily researched his story is, where are these skeletons today? Could it really have just been a publicity stunt? Or did Glidden actually somehow find the remains of a lost race of giants? Santa Catalina Island, also just known as Catalina Island, is one of the Channel Islands off the coast of California in USA. The Channel Islands holds the title as the location of the earliest evidence for seafaring in the Americas, and also the earliest evidence of humans in North America. Ralph Glidden, who worked on the islands for several decades, was an amateur archaeologist who successfully uncovered ancient burial sites on Catalina Island. From 1919 to 1928, it is said that he excavated more than 800 grave sites from about 100 individual locations around the island. In addition to finding thousands of artifacts, he also stated that he dug up almost 4,000 human skeletons, a claim which has often received a lot of negative attention. He claiming he lacked respect for the dead. However, his reasoning was quite profound. He claimed that there once lived an advanced ancient race of tall, fair-haired Indians on Catalina Island and the adjacent islands. With the male adults around 7 feet in height, Glidden lost his sponsor after digging for almost 10 years, and the general opinion today is that he was just bluffing about finding giant skeletons, with the motive of creating interest and making money. However, he never made much money from his finds and received little financial attention. Additionally, Ralph Glidden was not the first to find a giant skeleton on Catalina Island. According to Pittsburgh Press, July 20, 1913, and also the Daily Telegraph on July 26, a German naturalist named Dr. A. W. Firstinon uncovered an 8-foot skeleton on the island. The skeleton was found with artifacts such as mortars, pistols, and arrowheads, all different from the ordinary Indian burials, plus a strange flat stone bearing unknown symbols. Firstinon had, while in Mexico, heard the legend regarding the noble race of giants that had once lived on Catalina Island long before the white man had arrived. He would find the skeleton along Avalon Bay in black hard sand, yet, alas, the remains have since vanished. All over the islands there are countless reports. According to several newspaper articles, Santa Rosa Island was the site of a dig in 1959, where they discovered several skeletons more than 7 feet tall. The tops of the skulls were painted red, and the skulls were described as having sloped foreheads. On San Nicolas Island, west of Catalina, in 1897, a party of relic hunters stayed three weeks on the barren island, and Newark Daily Advocate would subsequently tell of them finding bones of a giant race on San Nicolas Island. Whether these bones finally made it into private collections is unknown. In 1930, Glidden was ready to sell his collection, including his whole series of secrets regarding the island. In return, he requested an annual annuity for life, funding for five expeditions, and the necessary financing for various planned publications that included a large monograph chronicling all of his excavations. But it seems, sadly, regardless of Glidden's confidence, nobody wanted to buy his miraculous finds, and in 1962, at the age of 81 years old, he sold his collection for a mere $5,000. Just six years later, Glidden died. However, in March 2012, an unlabeled box was discovered, resting deep within the Catalina Island Museum archives. In this box was Glidden's collection of secret records, among which was, most importantly, a series of unique photographs showing Ralph Glidden indeed excavating one of his authentic, giant, and very ancient skeletons. Ohio, the United States of America, nearly 12,000 years ago. The Cherokee would descend from northeast Asia, to inhabit the Americas, upon arrival they were welcomed by a race of giant beings. They would become known as the Moon-eyed People, a race of people far older than humans. It is said that they were responsible for the ancient ruins that now dot the landscape. The Cherokee called them the Moon-eyed, due to them only being able to see in the dark, during the day they had very poor eyesight. In the book, Old World Roots of the Cherokee, chapter 5, what kind of Indians lived in the territory the Choctaw and Chickasaw. According to local traditions, and confirmed by excavations of bones in Tennessee, a race of white giants. The Choctaws told of a race of giants that once inhabited the area, and with whom their ancestors fought when they first arrived in Mississippi. It was always believed that these were just stories passed down from generation to generation, the tribe for example had a legend of the mastodon roaming the Great Plains of America. However, over the past few years the remains of this mythical race have began to surface, confirming the Cherokees' accounts. This story was told by Comanches in 1857, many moons ago, a race of white men, ten feet high, and far more rich and powerful than any white people now living, inhabited a large range of country, extending from the rising to the setting sun. Their fortifications crowned the summits of the mountains, protecting their cities in the valleys. They excelled every other nation on earth, either before or since, in all manner of cunning handicraft, they were brave and warlike, ruling over the land they had rested from its ancient possessors with a high and haughty hand. They drove the Indians from their homes by the sword, and occupied the valleys in which their fathers had dwelt before them. The remnants of their fortresses, and the crumbling ruins that surrounded us all, is what remained of their mighty cities. In agreement, the Indian trader Adair often referred to the Nanish Tahuolo, as departed white ghosts, vested with spiritual powers whose descendants were priests and magicians. Navajo legends speak of the Starnake people, a regal race of white giants endowed with mining technology who dominated the west, enslaved lesser tribes and had strongholds all through the Americas. The remains support legends of this race of giants having multiple sets of teeth, and having been over ten feet in height. The remains have been officially exhumed, but alas not officially covered in the press, it is as if we are now at a point of paradigm destruction. Artifacts that tell of such beings are no longer successfully hidden, they are now just ignored. Following, some archaeological evidence found regarding this giant race, they practiced a mother goddess religion, they possessed copper, not bronze axes, polished slate tools have been found, including fishing plummets, which were apparently regarded as sacred, belief that the grandmother moon was the repository of souls, a diet of mainly shellfish and seafood. The building of fishwears on North American rivers to trap migrating eels, this is a form of fishing known as elvoring, but due to plummeting stocks it is now widely regarded as detrimental to the ecosystem. Certain vegetarian habits, wild rice, for instance, inscriptions on artifacts, especially pipes, often buried with the dead, use of coal and petroleum, weaving and looms, knowledge of seafaring, mathematics and engineering, including canals and irrigation, burying of a dog with a child to guard the latter in the afterlife, a language apparently Afro-Asiatic and close to Semitic tongues, and kingcraft, nobles were buried in seated positions on thrones surrounded by a coterie of their retainers. They also had flatter heads and six fingers and toes. Were these giants highly advanced? Did they build the pyramids? There is also many contradictory tales across the earth, which speak of primitive, cannibalistic beasts enslaved or used for their strength, yet no legend has ever been corroborated with such compelling archaeology as the moon-eyed people of Ohio. Where these races of giant came from, or indeed where they went, is a question which needs to be answered. Georgiosucolos goes deep. The only way the ancient astronaut theory can be disproven is when the extraterrestrials show up and say we were never here in the past.


My talk is entitled Patient Provider Communication and Decision Making about the Pelvic Examination. Again, as Dr. Lindau had to go through the anatomy of the female breast, I'm going to define the term pelvic examination. This term gets used frequently, incorrectly, and is interchanged with other terms like pap smear, so I'm just going to put it out there. The components of the pelvic exam include external genital examination, the internal specular examination of the vagina and cervix, and a bimanual examination of the uterus, adnexa, and bladder. Over 50 million of these exams are performed annually, indications ranging from pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, vaginal discharge, and of course to perform the pap smear, which is now every three to five years. Clinical controversy exists, however, as to whether or not we should be performing pelvic examinations on asymptomatic non-pregnant women, also referred to as the screening pelvic exam. A survey in 2013 of over 500 OBGYNs found that 80 to 90 percent of them felt that we should routinely perform these examinations on asymptomatic women, citing reasons as to adhere to standard practice, to reassure patients, to detect ovarian cancer, and to detect benign uterine and ovarian conditions. Number of professional organizations have weighed in as to whether or not we should be offering or performing these examinations. The American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians both say that we should not be offering this examination based on their assessment that there is really no adequate evidence to demonstrate benefit of the exam. The Society for Gynecologic Oncology, however, recommends offering the exam to all women and having discussion with the patient as to whether or not to proceed with the examination. The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists both come to the conclusion that there is no conclusion. There's insufficient evidence to suggest whether we should or should not perform this examination, and so they recommend that it should be discussed with patients, and that's how we should determine whether or not to proceed with this exam. So in conclusion, whether or not to perform this examination on asymptomatic patients is a matter of clinical equipoise. So these five organizations vary as to whether or not to offer the exam or to perform the exam. However, they all support in reading the opinion pieces, there is a conclusion that we should no longer automatically perform public examinations on asymptomatic women. That should not be a knee-jerk, just presumed next step as a part of the gynecologic visit. At minimum, providers must recognize patient autonomy and decision making around this exam have an a priori discussion about whether to proceed and come to a joint decision with patients about whether or not to proceed with the examination. So this is an opportune encounter to incorporate shared decision making into the gynecologic visit. As most of us in this room know, shared decision making was conceptualized in the 1970s and 1980s, also referred to as patient accommodation by Mark Siegler in 1981. This reflected a changing nature of the patient provider relationship during this time period and was presented as an alternative to the prevailing unidirectional models of decision making of the time, including paternalism and consumerism. Importantly, this model recognizes that there are two experts in the room. While the healthcare provider is the expert with regard to medical information, the patient is the expert with regard to their values, preferences, and lived experiences. I'm going to present three arguments for integrating shared decision making into the discussion about whether or not to proceed with a screening pelvic exam. One based on the values, preferences, and lived experiences of patients. Second, based on weighing of beneficence and non-maleficence. And a third around the issue of patient agency. And looking at values, preferences, and lived experiences, the pelvic examination is influenced by several factors. This pictorial diagram stems from work that I conducted with a then medical student and now first year surgery resident, Ava Ferguson Bryant. Excuse me. Talking to women about their experiences with their first pelvic examinations, this looks at factors that impact the sense of preparedness for that exam. Looking at modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Non-modifiable factors include prior sexual experiences and sexual trauma, age at the examination, comfort with one's own body. Modifiable factors include pre-examination knowledge and education about the exam. Other factors influencing this experience include medical trust or mistrust and also the context of the examination. Shared decision making ensures that providers explore these factors. And then with patients can jointly determine whether or how to proceed with the exam based on the patient's preferences, needs, and concerns. Looking at beneficence and non-maleficence, there's really limited data as to the potential medical and psychosocial benefits and harms. Some potential benefits include educating patients about their anatomy, fostering patient provider communication. There's really limited data as to any actual medical benefits with regard to detecting ovarian cancer or other pathology and otherwise asymptomatic individuals. Potential harms include fear, anxiety, pain. So given this clinical equipoise, balancing benefits and harms really should be based on a discussion about the patient's preferences. In turning to agency, it's important to consider the historical context around this examination. Marion Sims, oftentimes referred to as the father of modern gynecology, has a dark history in the 19th century of conducting examinations and surgical experimentation on enslaved women without consent and without anesthesia. This picture is of current contemporary protests in front of a statue in New York City of Marion Sims. So this really continues to be a very heated, debated history. More recently, the American Plan in the 19th and 20th centuries was a public health campaign to round up sex workers and those who were concerned or at risk of being sex workers, sometimes institutionalizing them and forcing these individuals to public examinations and very untested treatments to attempt to cure and reduce the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Also important is to consider contemporary context. In the Me Too era, there's been a greater focus on abuses at the hands of physicians, most notably the Olympic gymnast scandals. And so these really inform how we discuss and think about the public examination. Now of course, these egregious abuses are rare, but they do call attention to important considerations, including the patient provider power differential in all encounters, but especially this encounter. The importance of empowering patients during clinical encounters. And I would say especially this procedure being quite intimate and intimidating and a need for stepwise consent. This is a discussion that comes up very much in our discussion on campuses around sexual assault. But also, this is a process that can be incorporated into clinical encounters and should be issues around power exchange and trauma informed care. Shared decision making helps achieve these goals as it is based on the principles of mutuality, voluntariness, and respect for autonomy. So I'm going to present a framework that's based on a four step framework by Stigl-Bauten colleagues. This being a five step framework for shared decision making around the public examination. First step is to call attention to the fact that a decision needs to be made. Secondly, to explain medical options, potential benefits, and harms. Thirdly, to elicit patients values, preferences, and experiences, and engage patients as to how these inform the decision as to whether or not to proceed with the exam. Fourthly, to arrive at a decision or agree to defer the decision to another day. And then fifthly, to educate patients about public awareness, pelvic health, and importantly, to keep the door open for individuals who may want to extend this discussion to another visit. So focusing on step one, calling attention to the fact that a decision needs to be made, this is critical to signal move away from the presumption that a pelvic examination will be performed. And shifts the level of power dynamic around this examination, giving a portion of this decision, of course, to the patient. This underscores the role of patient autonomy in decision making about whether or not to proceed with the exam. And it's important to recognize that this may actually be surprising to patients and uncomfortable to providers, both of whom are used to just going along and doing the public examination as a next step that would just be assumed to be part of this visit. Explaining medical options, potential benefits, and harms. As I said earlier, it's important to just define the terminology. Also to recognize and ensure awareness that patients can choose to have none, some, or all of the components of the exam. And to discuss the potential medical and psychosocial benefits and harms. And eliciting patients' values, preferences, and experiences. This can be accomplished through open-ended questions. Oftentimes using a form, as Dr. Lindow indicated, that patients can fill out, allows them to disclose information that may be uncomfortable to talk about, verbally, and also it's critical to use normalizing language around these issues. This is important to explore, especially to potentially uncover a history of trauma or other factors that may negatively impact the exam. In terms of arriving at a decision or deciding to defer this decision, it's important to reiterate that, based on the evidence, there's no clear best choice here. And summarizing and verifying the understanding of what patients have stated with regard to preferences about the examination. The bidirectionality of shared decision-making allows providers to reflect back on what they have heard their patient tell them. And actually to make a suggestion or recommendation. This isn't a consumerist model or a cafeteria-style model where we present the option and hands off, it's up to the patient. We can engage with our patients. And finally, deferring the decision to another visit is very appropriate in the setting. And finally, educating patients about pelvic self-awareness and warning signs. This is especially true for providers who choose to follow the guidelines of the ACP and the AFP and not offer the exam, but also important for individuals who choose not to receive this examination. It's also important to ensure that patients feel welcome for follow-up. This is, again, especially critical for those patients who decline the examination, as they may have a sense that they're not adhering to some expectation that has been there in the past. And recognizing that patients' values, preferences, and lived experiences can change over time, and that this is an issue that needs to be re-explored at future visits. While this is a model that's focused on the asymptomatic patient, this can also extend to patients who present for where there may be a call for an indicated though non-emergent procedure or examination. A patient come in for irregular abnormal vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge. While those are certainly bothersome and warrant further evaluation, a pelvic examination on that specific visit may not be necessary. It's also important to recognize that even when indicated, this may be an exam that's not tolerated or that's something that a patient doesn't want to proceed with. Again, based on potential history or other factors. Engaging in shared decision-making under these circumstances allows providers to elicit these reasons, foster the therapeutic relationship, and create a safe space for patients. And it's essential under these circumstances to also offer alternatives. The pelvic examination is not the only way to explore many of these complaints, an ultrasound or sexually transmitted infection screening without a pelvic exam are available and wonderful options. Pelvic examination experiences can influence subsequent health care seeking behaviors, especially around reproductive health care seeking behaviors. Again, the work conducted that I've conducted with Dr. Bryant indicates that there are features of the encounter that can create a positive impact on future health care seeking behaviors, including establishing a relationship with a trusted provider, ensuring familiarity about the exam for subsequent encounters, and feeling empowered to take control of one's own reproductive health. In conclusion, there's a good amount of clinical equipoise around the benefits and harms of performing screening pelvic examinations. So this is a great opportunity to incorporate shared decision-making into this clinical encounter. The framework, while as proposed, focuses on asymptomatic patients, can also extend to indicated non-emergent situations. And shared decision-making in this circumstance fosters conditions favorable for positive patient-provider relationship and subsequent health care seeking behaviors. Thank you. Five minutes. And I welcome any questions around this. Yes. I would say that I think the discussion around this examination is critical in talking to women about their experiences with pelvic examinations, especially the first pelvic examination. It's an, for many women, it's not, you know, it's certainly not a traumatic experience or even an uncomfortable experience. But for many, it elicits a good amount of stress, anxiety, potentially pain. I do think that there is something important about this examination in particular that warns... I just want to be fair, I'm completely aware that if you were done at the way that it should happen to you, the question is, is there a set of women who shouldn't even have the discussion and could make a different discussion? Right. And so those are the recommendations of the ACP and the AFP. And I think that certainly the shift is in that direction. I think that to, as you noted, obstetrics and gynecology and medicine in general is a slow shifting field. And I think that this is, I think, the first step in moving towards that direction, absolutely. You know, I think that in the majority of cases, it's not an indicated examination and hopefully we're moving in that direction where absolutely more tension is focused on other things that can have greater impact on women's health care. And, you know, certainly part of this discussion and part of the pushback I think is going to be, and physicians have already expressed concerns about, so if we're not doing a past year every year, if we're not doing a public exam every year, why are they coming? There are a lot of good reasons to see a gynecologist every year. And so I think that, again, this is, it's a culture shift. And I think that that's why we have to have these discussions around this issue. Dr. Siegler. Thank you, Julie. Siegler, Chicago. First of all, I loved your application of shared decision making to a particular specific issue. I thought it was a superb analysis and an application of that concept. I also thought that your comment on how important this was to acknowledge some of the deep and essential ethical elements of voluntariness, deep respect for autonomy, ultimately a deep respect for the patients whom you're seeing, especially in the current hashtag MeToo era, who was extremely applicable. And so my question is really a straightforward one. What would you estimate to be the percent of OB gynecologists who use such an approach in contrast to the standard approach? I think the vast, vast majority of OBGYNs are still doing this reflex.  That's based on, you know, the study that I cite is older and that was conducted before the five professional organizations made these recommendations. But I can say as a member of a listserv, there's a group of obstetricians and gynecologists who on Facebook, it's thousands of OBGYNs. This question has actually come up and the vast, vast majority of respondents on this listserv also say that, you know, we know what the recommendations are, but we still do it. So I think that there's a huge culture change that has to happen around this. Yes. Last question. Julie, awesome. Great talk. So as David was saying his comment, something came up and I want you to comment. Help me think about it when I talk to my residents for a moment. So I'm an emergency medicine physician, as you know, and oftentimes, you know, we do a lot of things because we feel it's in the best interest of the patient, particularly around this examination. There might be many different complaints, pain, right, lower quadrant. I got to do a public exam, right? Or I have, you know, maybe the person's UTI is not just UTI to PID, I got to do a public exam. Patient is pregnant, I got to do an ultrasound.  And oftentimes I'm the one saying, well, do we need to do so? Yeah. Are you going to talk to the patient about it? So, so I was very, I enjoyed your presentation, but the challenge is this, and here's the pushback from others, perhaps more senior to me in the profession, that we have become a specialty that thinks about procedures and not the visit. That we want to write, there's a lot of ancillary secondary benefits of doing a lot of things when we see a patient. And the problem is, right, the pushback is sometimes we just think about this one procedure, and where does that stop, right? So do I have shared decision-making or conversations on every step? I'm going to do a speculum exam. Okay, what if I do an autoscopic exam? What if I do something else? And so this is a pushback sometimes from both those senior to me and the residents, right? But well, it's a whole visit, right? They came to the ED, it's a whole visit. I'm doing all these things because I think it's the best for the patient. So how do you help me counsel my patients, or my trainees to think about, well, it's not just a visit, right? There are different parts of the visit. I would say that these are not mutually exclusive. I think that having a discussion, for example, a 17-year-old coming in with pelvic pain, part of the discussion is going to be eliciting her history, any history of trauma. I think that this is part of the encounter and not just about this procedure, whether or not to proceed with the examination. I don't think that these are mutually exclusive. I think that the discussion is part of the whole encounter and informs the rest of the encounter as well. Right, so what I'm trying to say is that sometimes they say that we might not have an accurate history, right? There might be things we find out on the way between something that we think is in the best interest. Those secondary benefits can't be thought about prior or right until we do it. And so when a person is accepting our care for a potentially emergent life-threatening situation, I mean, you have a different context that you're talking about that we should be less about trying to deliberate over every single decision, but rather as a unit of care. So as I said, as David was speaking, I was thinking about that notion that there might be context where it's a unit of care, right? Not just a specific procedure that we're talking about. Now, there might be some procedures that have a threshold. We have to have a conversation. But as I said, am I going to do a conversation about an autoscopic exam for someone who might have mastoditis? I don't know if I do that in every single procedure that I do as part of my parcel of my care. So I was trying to give an illustration of an episodic notion, not just a procedure notion. Right, and I fully hear what you're saying, and I'm not talking about getting a blood pressure check. I'm talking about what for many, you know, again, seeing patients after their ER visit who tell me, Dr. Korr, I had a pelvic exam in the ER and it was incredibly traumatic. I wish that you had been the one to do it right. So I think there is something in particular around this examination that warrants further discussion. I'm not saying that for every single, you know, every single little component of the encounter, we need to break it down and extend every conversation. But I do think that there is something in particular around this actual experience that warrants that discussion. I agree. Thank you. Thank you.


The Gov. election petition tribunal sitting in Ado, the equity state capital, will on Thursday deliver its judgment on the matter. Parties involved in the suit confirmed the tribunal communicated the dates to them on Wednesday even as the notices heightened anxiety in different quarters. The Social Democratic Party Gov. candidate, former Gov. Shegun Oni, had on July 7, filed a petition at the tribunal challenging the declaration of the All Progressive Congress candidates by the Independent National Lecture Commission as the winner of the election. On alleged election begin by voter inducement and bypass of the bimodal voter accreditation system at some polling stations. The authenticity of the YX certificate presented by the deputy Gov. candidates of the All Progressive Congress, Monisha Day Afuye, among other grounds.