fps 356 fps 8 s fps 506 fps 608 fps bulun le第二個 le le le le le le le le le le le le細 skkw ndwer tefiga lekha ind rare gotiures aiew Nad 7 5 7 6 6 7 9 9 8 the budget pardon scandal with some receiving 500 million and others as much as 100 billion Naira. This led to a rowdy session with Jariq-based claim causing a delay of nearly 30 minutes. The two documents we have here was shared to the 109 Senators of the Senate containing this document under the volume 1 paragraph 2, 3 and 4 is the breakdown of the 28.77 trillion budget that was passed. And from paragraph 7, 8 are the breakdown of the budget, which we call the budget details of the entire MDAs. And when you add this figure together as containing this document for the entire MDAs, it comes to 25.4 trillion Naira. If you are listening, all your agents have listened to the arise interview and the correspondent chapel interview, I said categorically the president powers stopped as a proposal budget. And I said there is no way the National Assembly will add anything on the budget and it becomes pardon. The tapes are there. I said the National Assembly has powers and you cannot call that powers pardon. And I said I'm very grateful to the Presidential Spokesman who encountered me said the National Assembly added 2.1, 1.27 trillion. And I was very clear. I was not aware of the addition. I was not even aware as I am seated here of the full budget of the National Assembly. But I am back on these issues and coming up with issues of the budget and individual issues concerning what came to our various constituencies. If we want to go into those issues, all of us are called Pebun. Some senators here, so-called senior senators got 500 million each. I am a ranking senator, I didn't get. Did I go to the price? Most of you got. And yes, if we want to go into those issues, excuse me, if we want to go into those issues, yes. Under Senate President Godwin, Gus Willapabi was leadership. Senator Ningdi was suspended for three months from parliament activities. Why Senator Kaur received a warning? Surely after his suspension, Senator Abdel Ningdi resigned his position as chairman of the Northern Senators Forum. Johnny knows very well. Actually for this topic are Deputy Directors of Economic Rights and Accountability Project, CERAP, a Development Analyst from Tostokumbu, member of Young Youth Parliament Abdel Numeen Eddi and in the studio with me is a Political Analyst, Mr. Mayewa Alakija. Gentlemen, you welcome to Plus Politics. Let me start with you. Mr. Alakija, what is your take of the melodrama? That took place on the floor of the hallowed floor of Nigeria Senate yesterday. Thank you very much. I would say that we have seen lots of drama at the National Assembly, but the current one that happened two days ago since last week when Senator Abdel Ningdi gave such an interview is a mother tearing entirely. Budget padding is not new to the Nigeria system when it comes to the National Assembly. But for me, I've been following up Senator Abdel Ningdi over time since 2003. He spent 12 years in House of Representatives. At the point he was the Deputy Majority Leader and is one of the eye ranking Senators, second time Senators. So at that level, if you are saying anything that happened, you should do a digstick. Have an insight of what you are presenting outside BBC because don't just throw something to create a kind of chaos within the political system.  How would you want to respond? What would be your initial servo? Okay, the gentleman in the car, can we go to him? Okay, thank you for having me on your show. Okay. The fact is that the Nigerian institution is becoming very worsening every day. The fact is the Nigerian Parliament is one of the most expensive in the world in terms of remuneration and the cost of maintenance. In the UK, the biggest salary is 2,200 pounds. Why the member of the British Parliament end about 7,100 pounds monthly? In Germany, it is 10,000 dollars. In Nigeria, the biggest salary, the remuneration and other security votes is about 40,000 dollars monthly. Now, a country of 200 million populations with GDP of less than 5 million dollars that is spending about 80% of its revenue on debt servicing should not be spending 40,000 dollars per senator. As logical as your point may seem, you live in England. Have you ever gone to the door of your member of parliament to tell your member of parliament that your wife just gave birth and needed to give you money? Have you ever done that? No, I have not done that. You have not done that? That is the culture in Nigeria. We cannot be talking about development. We cannot be talking about addressing poverty and do it in this way. I have a chance to work with the British Parliament. To me, in my opinion, adding is like bribing the parliament to pass the budget. And this year, the budget is 27.5 trillion naira. If the president is spending about 9 trillion, 3 trillion dollars to bribe for a budget of 27 trillion, which is about 9%. What I suggest to all is that 30% of that budget may have been manipulated. Let me go to one of your colleagues and come back. The other gentleman fixed his audio challenge now. Hello? Yes, I think I can hear you now. You can hear me? Yes, I can hear you now. Fantastic. Now, what would be your initial response to the pollock that I read out in introducing the show? Okay, so I could not hear you from the beginning. Maybe you should just recap what you said. Okay, what is the summary of your take of the scenario that played out on the floor of the other chambers of the Niger Senate yesterday? Okay, so my simple take as a young person is that that was very shameful. We run representative democracy in Nigeria and all of our democracy is our parliament. And when such things come up in the parliament, it is the detriment of the integrity of the parliament. Now, the parliament is there to checkmate the executive. If the parliament is having its integrity at stake, then honestly, what specifically just wanting to laser in on the specifics now, what specifically was shameful to you because to the best of my understanding, legislative chambers all over the world because they are people, because they are people with egotistic characters are usually given to fracker. So, what specifically was shameful for you yesterday? What is budget padding in a liberal democracy where the legislature is constitutionally empowered with the power of appropriation? What is the meaning of budget padding? Does it not seem to you that it is in itself a misuse of terminology? The ultimate institution that has the right to pass the appropriation bill is the legislature, the National Assembly. The executive may submit anything. Review the budget or pass the appropriation bill. Review or pass. The budget proposal comes from the executive as a proposal. A proposal is not a law and the legislature is the embodiment of the representation of all the constituencies in Nigeria. And each person representing a constituency be it at the level of representatives or at the level of the Senate has the powers to argue, to lobby his colleagues or colleagues to make sure that some preferences are given to projects in his or constituencies. So, what is the definition of budget padding? Well, you see, that definition is alien to parliament in all honesty. It's alien to parliament. I think depending on who is using it and why the person is using it is where the movie reads from. If the person is making use of that terminology of course it would be mischievous to a lot of people. But given, let's quickly do this before I go to one of your colleagues. Given the opportunity that was given to Nengi yesterday and the fact that Nengi was privy every member of the by camera legislature every member was privy to the deliberations and the ultimate approval by the two chambers of the bill that went to the president for signature. What has Nengi proven now? Honestly, I think the old claim has been refuted by the chairman of Senate Committee on Appropriations because it came out and it gave a breakdown on some of those things that were not detailed in the budget that he probably had and everything from what I the documents I could see seems like they made up for all of those things. Now the problem with Nengi or Senegal Nengi is probably that he had concerns they were proper channels through which he could have raised and clarified your concerns by working up to the Senate leadership but it didn't do that. It went straight to the media and if you look at the standing orders of the National Assembly there are procedures on how to address this issue I come back to you sir. Nengi was privy to the deliberations of the passage of the bill that ultimately became the Appropriation Act 2024. He did not raise his concerns. Nengi after even the Appropriation Act was signed into law had every opportunity to have to have heard his reservations he did not do it. He took the opportunity of BBC AUSA service that could actually instigate serious security situation to not only mouth it but he made a claim that won't give him the fear of sharing opportunity you could not substantiate what would be your response to Thank you very much. I don't have problem as regards the platform Senator Nengi used to present his case or when or out he presented his case but my concern is simple when you are presenting a case you need to point because when you look at it critically there is no place in the appropriation bill that was sent by the presidency where we can see 25 trillion era what was sent was 27.5 trillion era and what was approved approved at the end of the day was 28.77 trillion era so at that point I have a concern that as a high ranking senator at the National Assembly you should be able to present a case at its is appropriately because what he has done is simple I know only the party issue that he presented when he was interviewed he also said that 2024 budget happens to be an entire northern region budget which is enough to cause chaos division within the Bejewa system so that is what we need at this time the gentleman in England the gentleman in UK you may be in other part of UK there are four nations that make up a United Kingdom England being one so I wouldn't know where you are England what how would you look in a bit more forensically how the facts as they seemed to have played out how would you would you not want to believe that this may have been Osnato Ningen's allegation may have been driven by say internal politics of the chamber of the upper chamber of course there may be many factors that make this need to come at this point of time to relay his fact that the budget was padding that was the element of padding in the budget but the fact is that it may be probably because from his accusation Osnato got higher shares of the budget than some part of the Osnato so the fact remains that it may not be doing it in the state of the nation it may be on the interest on its own personal interest but the fact is clear that there is possibly that the budget was padding and what the would you please enlighten our viewers what you mean by budget padding and we then use the British parliament as the best example of what what you mean by budget padding from the Nigerian perspective from what has happened since the era of president of Osnato my own definition of padding is like bribing the parliament to pass the budget and Michael said earlier bribing as in please educate us bribing as in what do you mean by bribing because it is the functions I mean when the executive forget the budget to the legislation it has to be investigated forensically to make sure that I mean those funds are allocated to the appropriate quarters it is like passing the budget without those for a state investigation so I mean there are a lot of lies there I mean the only way the parliament protect their name rather than suspending this NATO so get the budget to forensic investigation in the western countries the only the ways that we we press a legislation we pass the B we engage different actors can be the lobby groups the pressure groups of the trade unions they lobby their legislator to pass the B last year a US NGO recruited me to lay out with the North Korean member of parliament to propose a legislation that will ensure that the UK commit to the the UN recommendation for intention development the UN recommendation to commit to international assistance before we go into some details would you know that in the UK the executive prepares the budget they propose to parliament and ultimately whatever parliament passes and is majesty the king science would be the appropriation art for that year that's how it works those budgets must go through forensic investigation what do you mean by forensic investigation what do you mean by forensic investigation what I mean by forensic investigation what I'm saying I think it's only 3 trillion and I think it's not getting ఇంసియాని కిసియినినా టికిటినిపౠని సిమాత౿నె తంవరికంటీగినూ నిసిల్సిక౎ మింరరిను కివరినిక్టిటి చతటికితోనినికమటికటోటికోటట � COVID circumstances. By tom Mark's థాడ trabajando Buddha, by mainstream థారిరూ plants kind of ఇదారిచిదినంచి. ఇదింిటవానంచ੍గతా. హథచక౿రి. కఅటి below కర�asing. Can you be said, or can you be said to have done something wrong when you act in a position that the law empowers you to acting? Can a parliament be said to have padded a document that they have the priority to define how... Look, is one thing for the budget to speak to the development that we need or developmental strategy that we need is another thing for the budget to be seemingly bukanya as we seem to have it but when I hear the word padding, how is it padding when the two chambers of the National Assembly are in build with the constitutional prerogative to determine what the president will sign into law So where is the word padding coming in? That is to say that people go into government in Nigeria for their own private benefit, not for them to save. In the west, in the developed country, you say when you go to public services it's to save the people, to stop your community. You are not going to save your own interest. And as for the padding, it's not a new thing that has been over the years since the president passed on. Okay, let me give the other gentleman the opportunity to also make his own contribution. Sa, are you still on with us? Yes, I am. How would you want to contribute at this juncture to where we are? Okay, so this is what I am going to say. When it comes to appropriation bill, the parliament has two functions, the executive has two functions. The executive has the duty to track the appropriation bill as well as implement the appropriation bill. While the legislation has the duty to approve the appropriation bill and oversee the implementation of the appropriation bill. The problem that occurs most of the time is because our democracy is constructed in a way whereby legislators find themselves doing some of the duties of the executive. Now, that is where the issue of constitutional allocation comes from. Several times that we are arguing that consistency allocations are illegal. And we need to look into it. But can we help it? Because are people expecting legislators to construct roads, they expect legislators to build houses for them, to feed them, to empower them. These are the issues. Now, this brings us to the situation where the legislature finds itself also trying to implement a budget that is supposed to oversee. And when issues like this come up, crisis will arise because people will not trust you to want to oversee yourself. You are part of the implementing body. And you also want to oversee what you are implementing. So I think this is where the issue of integrity of the national assembly. Let me just ask you this question before I come back to the studio. In so much as I would not want Nigeria to go in that direction or replicate that melody in the American legislative system, but you must have heard of a phrase in America called Poc Barrel, Poc Barrel system. Have you ever heard about it? Poc Barrel means that when the executive wants some legislators in America, either members of the House of Representatives or members of the American Senate, you know what they do? They bribe them with projects in their constituencies. Projects that they can't refuse. Maybe projects that they've been chasing for years. And they just put it there. Have you ever heard in the American political system a bridge to nowhere? In fact, a bridge was literally was built in the constituency in America that ended going nowhere because they wanted to please the representative of that constituency. That is bad enough that we should learn not to replicate it. So when I hear political analysts in Nigeria talking about budget pardon, bribing, in any liberal democracy, can anyone of you, does anyone of you know of any liberal democracy where sometimes the executive does not pay, does not pay to debate of the legislature? I'm talking of liberal democracy. I'm not talking of North Korea. I'm not talking of Putin's Russia. I'm not talking of quote-unquote liberal democracies where parliament is. Can I just come up? Let me just quickly respond to that. Please. So it is true that this happens in parliament because the duties of representatives is not just to oversee more government is doing. They also have the duty to pass things to their constituencies. Now, the way I'm mad at that this is done is where the issue arises from. Thank you very much. We come back to you. Let's give Mr. Lakiga. I wouldn't know.  And to be honest with you, I'm sitting there as a Nigerian. Who was once a politician in England? They actually literally contested elections on the platform of the Conservative Party in England. I'm sitting there feeling when people are disillusioned about the quality of politics in their politics. When people are disillusioned about how their politicians are seen to be engaging with day-to-day issues, everything becomes a source of displeasure and allegation. In this instance, I would rather that people are based our politicians for not being up to par in getting us out of the mess that we are in. But when I hear budget pardon, when I hear some terminologies that are seemingly, I don't know your response, but you seem to be one amongst the three guests who don't quite believe in the terminology budget pardon. What is your take? Thank you very much. Budget pardon is used since the time of Obasanjo. Then we have Yara Dua, the same thing occurred. We have good luck to Natan. We said something about budget pardon. When it came in, we said budget pardon. And now we have President Bola Menci. We are still talking about budget pardon. We forgot about budget pardon. We actually entrenched the infamy in our political escography. But my concern is this. Senator Mingi is ironically senator. If truly we have budget pardon in our system, I think he is the right person to ion that out to make Nigeria to know that truly we have budget pardon within our political system. What to make me? It was initially $25 trillion as against $27.5 trillion and $28.77 trillion was approved. And Senator Olam Muneqaduola was able to come aboard and explain why they even added $1.6 trillion in the budget. So I felt disappointed. So the point we are discussing now is not either there is budget pardon or there is budget pardon. I felt disappointed because senator Abumini should have been able to convince Nigerians that truly we have budget pardon. And because I think what we are about is not political. I think it is imperative at this juncture that I mention that out there in the social media sphere, Nengi is winning. And the reason why Nengi is winning is that Nigerians are generally disillusioned with how our representatives are representing us. So anybody who is a naysayer will naturally be playing to the gallery. Tokumba in the UK. Yes. At this juncture, what would be your contribution thus far? Or are you still obstinately holding on to your belief in the existence of the phrase budget pardon? Yes. The budget of the pardon is as my friend has said. The fact is that since Tinnungu became the president, he has promised to do things differently from his predecessor. He should march his actions with this word. Because the biggest problem we have in Nigeria is corruption. And if you must get it right, if you must address poverty, it must simply take root within the solution that works as far as long as corruption is concerned. At the moment, we have no solution to address corruption. We have no solution. About a week ago, the first lady went to a state in the north and said the kidnappers should face death penalty. I believe that not just the knowledge of corruption, even the corrupt politicians should face death penalty because if you don't stimulate capital punishment for corruption, we are not going to get it right. And we need to address corruption. If we address our corruption, we will address about 80% of the general problems. We are going to address banditry, kidnapping, internal insecurity, high inflation, high interest rate, everything. So we need a solution that works as far as corruption is concerned. That's the main problem that we have to find to get it right in Nigeria. Which of you gentlemen represents Syrap? Is Syrap... Okay. Because my next question, ordinarily, let me go to... I guess... I'll do women in ADD. Yes, I can. Okay. I guess, okay.    Yes, I am. Fantastic. Let me acknowledge. Let me play the role of Mingi in this instance. Would it not be the fact that civil society organizations in themselves fell in holding parliamentarians to account during a period as important as when the deliberations on the passage of the budget is going on that has brought us to this point. Because what budget is now doing, itemizing some of the most ridiculous allocations in the extant Appropriation Act 2024. They could have done it when the Appropriation Bill was still in deliberations. Where billions are located for the building of an Anglican church hall. Where billions are located to one school, one in no-call school, not a Modo Belyo University, not University of Ibadan, not in Suka, not one in no-call further education technician. Billion for all. Does that not speak to the fact that even those in the CSO community in Nigeria just liked to play to the gallery when issues like this happen, they are not even holding a political class to account. How would you respond to that? Yes, and it will be right because you don't... It will be in the media, it will be in my constituency. Because if we, the two of us, if the two constituencies have done our jobs right, it will not take either the genuine motivation or the mysterious motivation that will now make us to be retroactively be forensically examining a document that is slapping us because even as an agent, I feel insulted with this body. Yes, yes. So the thing is this right, the fact that we are going to have this conversation is good for us as a nation because I mean... Better later never, yes. In some places these conversations will not be performed right. So we are evolving democracy and I hope I know that very soon we will get there. Now the civil society groups, sometimes when notices are put out for a public hearing in the National Assembly, we do not know, we do not have an account of how many of the civil society groups actually go there, what are their contributions, what are the feedbacks, how do they follow up on some of these issues. The civil society groups hold Nigerians a responsibility of giving us accurate information whenever they have the opportunity to interact with these stakeholders. My parliament is not the civil society group. We actually are under the National Assembly but we also contributes to some of these things. So I think we all need to do better as Nigerians.  That's what I see you doing now. What I said is that my parliament also has a duty in this, as a matter of fact, the public hearing that was held in relation to the constitution review, we were there and were there ready to make contributions to how the constitution should be reviewed, some of the things that needs to be looked into. So what I'm saying is we all have a duty to the people of this country because everybody cannot be there, you know, parliamentarians or legislators are privileged people, they have access to privileged information which other Nigerians do not have access to. So it is the duty of the civil society groups and all other pressure groups to extract this information from these persons and make it available to the average Nigerians. Now we must be constructive in all of these things because you know we are just coming out of a very keenly contested election and the country is still very fragile and there's hunger in the land, there's a lot of pressure so we need to be very careful and we'll send it to Nengi to do it and for me, I think it's not right because there are proper channels for resolving these issues. The issue is sensitive, if we have these concerns, there are ways to address it. I'll come back to you. I'll come back to you. Mr. Edidi seems to be agreeing with you that maybe Nengi overplayed his hand or was not circumspect enough in the way he managed the information or the disgruntlement he felt he had with this. Now would you... Or maybe just maybe it could have been a flopper or could it have ultimately helped us all to be a bit more vigilant with how the budget processes are articulated? I think it could have helped us if Mr. Nengi had done the needful, if what he presented during the interview is substantiated. However, the point is that what he did is more politically driven and personal interest driven than for the interest of all Nigerians because if you look at it critically and many senators have commented, many analysts have said one thing or the other and you look at whatever that is happening at the National Assembly, so everything has also been regionalized. As I yesterday, one of the senators, Senator Ban Midele made mention that, look, from 1990 days, the Senate presidency have always been in the northern region more than the southern region, but anytime we have the northern senators it is one impeachment to the other and I also felt that Senator Nengi was more personal against the Senate presidents because a proposition bill is passed by the National Assembly not by the Senate presidents. So when you are mentioning, you attend an interview, you are mentioning the name of the Senate president, you are mentioning the name of the president, so it's more or less like you are fighting with the presidency and the Senate president for the interest of the general Nigerian and you also know that the social media is another platform that we cannot rule out in our system. What social media picks the drive rate across both so even if it can be substantiated or not, once they show that this thing is anti the government of the day, they drive it massively. So we have to not only anti the government of the day, once it's an anti establishment because you know what. I have to see your concern. I have to see your concern. Because people are, it's just natural in any polity when majority of the citizenry of the country of the polity when they are disgruntled, there is transfer of aggression across all issues and it's not peculiar to Nigeria. Nigerians are feeling at home by so if anybody is in leadership now they will ambased a lot of you if you drop the ball. So let me give you the opportunity to enrich today's episode of plus politics with your epilogue. How do you want to sign out? So what I want to say is that President Putin will try to do things differently because he is claiming that he is going to follow the path of his criticism. We should show it by action. Me, we are in a terrible economy but we cannot afford this kind of taste, pardon, corruption, public stealing. We can't afford it anymore. Nigeria cannot wait. We need a solution that will work with. We need to manage our economy very prudently, financially. The common people will benefit from the common way. Our crisis is crashing every day. The only problem is going up. Everything is collapsing. We can't afford this. We need to do this differently. We need, we should not be fully business we should not be there to be followed by the year. We need to add the car push to teams. We need to, I mean, when every ounce of the Nigerian sector need reform, we need to try from the judicial sectors in the security sector and even the legislature sector. In the executive, things are going gradually but governor is not just about the executive. We need to talk, think about the judiciary as well. Two years ago, I was in touch with them at the Nigerian international territory in Lagos where we have the, the minister of defense come to make some presentation and was appealing to the public that the judiciary are not working when they arrest Boko Haram. I mean, I never got to the court. They are not being prosecuted for his presentation. Only about 50% of those were prosecuted. You live, you live in a society that could be said to relatively work when when members of the executive come out to land-based judicial officers, you must be very reticent to accept whatever they say uklan and sinker because the prosecution of criminals start or accused persons starts with the executive. You have in the UK as we have in Nigeria a department called Department of Public Prosecution. It is when they have gathered evidences and when they find a tidy case that a judge haven't listened to the prosecution and the defense will give a ruling.  That is why some of the things you say I share your sentiments but I still need to be speaking to constitutional facts as they are and as they operate in mostly broad democracies. There will be some other time my brother. ADD, I cannot both sign up with you by letting you respond to the fact that you are a member of the Niger Youth Parliament and I know you occasionally have opportunities to ignore with members of the substantive parliament. What do you guys even tell them about the feelings of people out there especially youths like yourself? Well, so we work with every arm of government to put the executive as a legislator. The important thing for us is to let them know where it pinches our youths and the people at large and we do this from time to time. Just today in Lagos the discussion about the open market projects that the Lagos State government is doing we sent in some youth representatives to join the projects so that the opportunities can also reach out to the young people. Now we do this from time to time. However, I would like to appeal to our people and to our leaders at large our people need to learn to understand the difference between all these hands of government. So long as we keep reaching out to the legislators to execute projects to do environment we would keep having issues like object padding we would keep having it. Now to the leaders and to the also to the national assembly in particular they need to brand the image of the national assembly. This is not good for our democracy I must tell you. On that advice on that advisory note Mr. Edidi let's just say thank you for having added value to the program today. How would you want to sign out Mr. Lakiga? What I would say is simple I want to charge the civil society to do more because what we are doing now is metting after that if civil society can start up to their responsibility and get themselves more involved in the process of the appropriations process I think some of these things should have been pointed out. We have been saying this close to 20 years if not more than 20 years of my concern is that we have not been able to substantiate anything so far because if a senator that said that this upon at the floor of the earth is apologizing that it didn't mean to say that so we need to do more so that it won't come here 2025 and say that the budget has been further done or not so it's all our collective responsibility we want a better Nigeria we want better things to and I also want to try the national assembly to do more because their responsibility is to checkmate the activities of the executive so we all do more and ensure that we have a better Nigeria. Thank you very much Mr. Lakiga Thank you very much every you are live in our studios at the Victoria Island Lagos That is where we wrap it up for today I really want to say thank you to all of you watching at home we hope in some respects your day has been legalized I ham have a good evening


We are from R&D engineering college. We are from R&D engineering college. Just now we attend that NPD program. It was a quite good security program. We attended the entry from C program. This was the initial first exam in NPTEL. We feel that this particular course is very good. We are waiting for some other courses to be established in NPTEL. Thank you for giving us an opportunity. This was an opportunity for us to be trained in C programs. And where do you think the certificates will be useful to you? Of course in our case because we are doing this type of courses to get them certificate. So I think we should get some great points in our case. Thank you.


Music Makes The World Go Round I said Music Makes The World Go Round And it's such a key component of pro wrestling that I can't possibly imagine the business without it. Throughout its history, from honky tonk to heavy metal, entire characters have been developed from musical trends that either rock really hard or make fans roll their eyes. I'm Kevin and welcome to Wrestling Behind The Themes and here are 10 wrestling gimmicks heavily influenced by popular music. 10. Michael Saxon You know, if Michael Saxon was compiling a list of the worst wrestlers of all time, he would take some advice from his namesake and start with the man in the mirror. Hailing from Never Never Land, Saxon definitely looked like he was ready to be starting something in the mid 80s WWF. I'm just not sure what that was because once the bell rang, this jobber was bad. Like, really really bad. A blatant ripoff of Michael Jackson, Michael Saxon certainly looked apart with his outfit, glitter glove and jerry curl juice drip. However, while Michael mooned walk through his matches, he ultimately failed to thrill the WWE universe with his terrible impression of the king of pop. 9. Van Hammer Welcome to WCW Heavy Metal Hell. In Mick Foley's best-selling book Have a Nice Day, he would write that Van Hammer, not Van Halen, had two things working against him. Numero Uno, he was given a push well before he was ready for it and B, he was given the gimmick of a guitar player even though he couldn't play a lick. Now, the size and look of Hammer made him the ideal wrestler WCW was hot for in the early 90s. But unfortunately, it wasn't the best of both worlds because Hammer lacked the in-ring skills and charisma to get over, thanks in part to his horribly outdated headbangers ball-sucking Rockstar persona. 8. Man Mountain Rock To quote Vince McMahon, Man Mountain Rock is a mountain of a man who loves to rock the house. Now, I kinda debated whether or not to include Mr. Mountain Rock on this list because I couldn't tie any specific musical influences to him. But then it finally hit me. Just look at his outfit. It's like the head WWF seamstress went straight to Vince and said, What would a rock and roller wear? And Vince, being his out-of-touch self, said, Well, tie-dye, of course. The artist formerly known as Max Payne was a huge fan of heavy metal music and was actually a solid shredder on the electric guitar. But unfortunately, in the WWF, he was a lullapaloozer. 7. George Ringo When the Beatles formed in the 1960s, it started a musical movement that had never ever been seen before and inspired many copycat acts. And their influence was also felt inside the squared circle in the form of one George Ringo, aka the wrestling Beatle. Now, this gimmick was never meant to be a strawberry fields forever for the overnight sensation. But rather, it was Ringo's ticket to ride for a while as he cashed in on Beatle Mania. 6. The Kiss Demon To kickstart WCW's struggling ratings in the late 90s, Eric Bischoff struck a deal, not with the devil, but with the god of thunder. To create a wrestler uniquely inspired by the rock band Kiss. Now, while the creatures of the night weren't as popular as they once were, they still had a solid following that Easy-E thought would translate to an uptick in viewers. However, not only did this partnership cost a ton of cash, but the Kiss concert on Monday Nitro was one of their lowest-rated segments ever. In turn, this meant that the Kiss Demon was unfortunately DOA and had to endure a losing streak as long as Gene Simmons' disgusting tongue. 5. The Maestro Did you know that Robert Kellum, who played the ivory tickling, I mean piano playing, adorable Adriana Donis, and Liberace Love Child Looking Heel Concerto, known as The Maestro, was actually related to the original gorgeous George. Now, this gimmick was truly a symphony of destruction, as this dude was literally floating around the arena pissing away WCW's money faster than Tom Hanks can play chopsticks with his feet. The Maestro and his goofy hair conducted an orchestra of bored wrestling fans in the musical key of F for failure, of course. 4. The Artist The music industry, like wrestling, is full of larger-than-life characters, like the purple-clad, pancake-loving, guitar virtuoso Prince. So much like the WrestleCraft-tastic gimmick of the Maestro, we all know that Vince Russo is gonna Vince Russo as he repackaged the island warrior Prince Iakaia into the artist formerly known as Prince Iakaia, a not-so-subtle take on the decision made by the actual Prince to move forward as the artist formerly known as Prince. Now, since they both had Prince in their name, surely that was all that was needed for this to be a success, right, bro? This bores me. Wrong, bro. This is either what it sounds like when doves cry, or when Prince Iakaia's career died. 3. The Headbangers Real men wear skirts. At least, that's what Mosh and Thrasher claimed. Collectively known as the Headbangers, this musically-inspired gimmick came from one of the most unlikely persons, James E. Cornet. Apparently, Corny was attending a Marilyn Manson concert, and the idea for this unorthodox duo somehow spawned from his creative cranial cavity.  And while they were never a top-of-the-card act due to the Attitude Era's loaded roster, the bangers were a solid mid-card team that stood out thanks to their unique look and zany behavior. 2. Johnny B. Bad It truly is a pity that I'm not as pretty as the flamboyant Johnny B. Bad, whose name was based on the classic Chuck Berry hit Johnny B. Good. With a colorful and rather eccentric personality for the time, this gimmick was heavily inspired by musician Little Richard, the extravagant 1950s rock and roll star known for such iconic songs as Tooty Fruity and Good Golly Miss Molly. And while this character would have likely flopped if anyone else performed it, the dedication of Mark Marrow made the role work. Marrow mimicked the mannerisms and the theatrics of the rock and roll Hall of Famer, making WCW Booker Dusty Rhodes so proud of this creation which came from the mind of the American dream himself. 1. The Honky Talk Man Clearly, The Honky Talk Man is not only the greatest intercontinental champion of all time, but he is also the greatest music-influenced gimmick of all time. With long sideburns and slick back hair, Honky shook up the WWE in the 1980s and was obviously inspired by none other than Elvis Presley. The Honky Talk Man walked, talked, danced, and dressed like the king of rock and roll.  And that's it for our list. Have any other musically inspired wrestlers we might have missed? Then let us know who they are in the comment section right down below and don't forget to like, share, and click on that subscribe button while you're at it. I've been Kevin from Wrestling Behind The Themes, and thank you very much for watching.


Hey everyone, I hope your trading is going great I wanted to take a couple minutes to give you an update on our trades for September Another great month of trading. We had 10 closed trades 10 winners zero losers total profit of $3158 and 50 cents We we traded four different strategies this month. We had short strangles short put verticals Short call verticals and an iron condor We didn't trade quite as many strategies this month in part because Really the meat of earnings season was over so we didn't have any earnings related trades But the key takeaway from the strategies that we traded was that we had short strangles Which is a Delta neutral strategy. We had iron condors, which is a Delta neutral strategy We had short call vertical, which is a bearish strategy and we had short put vertical Which is a bullish strategy. So constantly managing our position some long some short and creating that diversification of strategies that really allows us to be consistent over and over and over again if You're interested in learning how we create this consistency Our pro membership is currently open. Just go to navigation trading calm forward slash pro dash member Let's jump over to our performance page and take a look at where we're at year to date And then we'll jump into the individual trades for the month and break those down So what we're looking at here is navigation trading calm forward slash Performance you can visit that site anytime. This is updated every month and what you'll see for year to date 2018 we've now closed 118 trades our average profit per trade is now up to $247 with a winning percentage over 91% we continue to see phenomenal success and Consistency with the strategies that we're trading each month below is a snapshot of the current month of September as you can see we had 10 closed trades all 10 of which were winners total profit 3158 50 we'll get into the details of those in just a second Obviously we had more trades closed in August and like I said you can see a lot of these earnings related trades Because we were in the heart of earnings season And so we had a lot more trades that we closed in the month of August But still a great month in September and as you can see going back each month Each month has been profitable with very few losers, but we show it all we show all the winners all the losers Everything is completely transparent and then going back to you if you look at the stats from 2017 We started posting these trades in June of 2017 and last year we had 75 closed trades average profit 125 and 88 percent winning percentage Right now continues to be a phenomenal time to trade the strategies that we teach one because implied volatility is Elevated in a good number of underlying symbols and historically September and October tend to be the most Volatile months so again if you want to check that out you can click on pro membership from this page Or if you just want to try it out We do have a 14-day trial for just a dollar and you can see on every page of our site big orange button in the upper right-hand corner This says pro membership trial now Let's jump into the members area and break down the trades for this month So if you are a pro member, this is what your membership looks like if you're not this will give you a glimpse of what you will access You've got the alerts the current portfolio the closed trades, which we are looking at now We give you a weekly video update every Friday to recap all the trades for the week and then as you can see down below We have specific core strategies So we teach you exactly step by step how to enter Exit and adjust every strategy from iron condors to short strangles calendar spreads butterfly spreads Directional strategies options on futures how to trade options on stocks around the earnings announcements Trading options with money flow our newest course how to trade the VIX with ninety two point three percent accuracy We've got a mini course on option assignment because there's always some confusion around that and Then you also get access to our e-book the trade hackers ultimate playbook So we're really trying to take all the roadblocks out of your way We provide the training step-by-step video courses on each trading strategy And then you can just to simply look over our shoulder and you get these trade alerts that are sent to you via SMS text message and email immediately after they're made So let's scroll down and start with the first trade of the month and break down these ten winners that we had in September The first trade that we closed was in Baidu We did a short call vertical spread and if you're not familiar with a short call vertical essentially We are taking a bearish position on Baidu We wanted it to go down to benefit this trade Put this trade on on eight twenty and closed it out on nine six So we're in the trade for a little over two weeks two and a half weeks And we booked a nice profit of three hundred and eight dollars the next trade was a short put vertical on Johnson and Johnson J&J and on this trade it was the exact opposite approach So we were taking a bullish stance. We wanted J&J to move higher to benefit us and it did just that So we're in this trade for about 12 days booked a nice profit of two hundred and twenty six dollars The next trade we entered a short strangle, which is more of what we call a Delta neutral strategy Where we don't care if it goes up or down. We just want it to stay in a specific range We are in this trade for a couple weeks booked a nice profit of 387 dollars and fifty cents The next trade was in VXX and this is a trade. There's a textbook trade Right out of one of the strategies from our newest course how to trade the VIX with ninety two point three percent accuracy In this case, we did a short call vertical in VXX We're in this trade for just a little over a week and booked a profit of a hundred and fifty eight dollars The next trade was in EWW and as you can see we actually Started this trade back at the end of June and we had to do several adjustments and roles But the key is by staying mechanical and doing exactly what we teach in the course We were able to book a profit of two hundred and eighty one dollars on this trade Our next trade was in gold forward slash GC. We did a short strangle and we're in this trade for About nine days booked a profit of three hundred dollars And then we did an iron condor in IYR, which is the real estate ETF We are in this trade from nine five through nine nineteen booked a profit of a hundred and sixty dollars on that trade Next trade was EWZ, which is the Brazilian ETF This has been a phenomenal trading vehicle because implied volatility has been Extremely high which gives us more premium to sell again. We had to make several adjustments here But by staying mechanical booked a nice profit of six hundred and twenty three dollars And then we did another short strangle in SMH, which is the semiconductor ETF This is a symbol that we actually took off of our watch list for a while because the options starting to get not quite As liquid as they used to be but there's been a lot of volume a lot of open interest Back in SMH. So we've started to trade it again and the implied volatility Warranted doing so and we booked a nice profit on that short strangle for two hundred and seven dollars and Then lastly Tesla, we did a short strangle there and booked a nice profit of five hundred and eight dollars There's been a lot of headlines with Elon Musk and Tesla in the news Which has elevated the implied volatility making it for a great trading vehicle as well So those are all of our closed trades for the month again Just a phenomenal time to be trading these strategies if you're not already a pro member I'm not sure what you're waiting for but come check us out navigation trading calm Whether you're a newer trader or a more experienced trader. We will help you get to that consistent profitability We answer all of our emails extremely quickly answer them all ourselves and we are here to help So we hope to see you on the inside happy trading You


What's up everyone? It's your girl, Kinsey here from Layton Sports Cards and I'm ripping some personals here for Eric R. We've got a 2022 Topped Chrome Baseball Hobby, a 21-22 Panini Donress Optic Basketball Hobby, a 2021 Panini Select H2 Box, a 21-22 Topped UAfe Champions League Merlin Chrome Soccer Hobby, as well as a 21-22 Topped UAfe Champions League Stadium Club Chrome Soccer Hobby. All right, best of luck here to you, Eric. We're going to go ahead and start with the soccer. I'm going to start with the Stadium Club Chrome. Good luck. He is T-Hop. He is Rookie Refractor of Stoncich. Real-time Refractor, Ronaldo. Championship Contributions, Timo Werner, Chelsea. Foxy. Oh yeah, for sure. Big guys on the low line there. Yeah, credit that false start. Refractor, Otto, Mohamed Kudus from AFC IACS. Kudus. We'll be your Otto there, Eric. And we've got Rookie of Stoncich for Bayern Munich at a 62 of 75 on the bronze. Nice. And the brine. Messy. Refractor, Mucoco. Adortment. Glimpse of gold of Daniel Maldini, AC Milan. Grinch. Real-time Refractor, Rookie on Hell Gomez. Neymar with Naldo. Got the red in pink of Christopher in Kunku for Leipzig. Weston McKinney on the negative for Juventus that is 171 of 299. Refractor of Chessia Juventus. Kudun, Benzema. Championship Contributions, Mohamed Salah for Liverpool. Real-time Marco Reyes. Refractor, Franke Lampar for Chelsea. Romero. Couple packs left in the stadium club. Then we'll get into the Merlin for you, Eric. Griezmann. We've got Beam Team Insert, Killian Mbappe. Nice one there. Not numbered on that. Mbappe. We've got Green Rookie of Kallulu for AC Milan. 147 out of 150 on the green. Nice pack there. Gaby Petri. Alright, that'll do it for the stadium club. Now time for your Merlin soccer. Looking for another chrome autograph out of here. Got Refractor of Scrinair. Refractor of Ageless Alchemy of Modric. Under 23 stars. Refractor, Sandro Tanali, AC Milan. Refractor, Rookie Benjamin Sesco. Nice pack. Guy Green. Jules Kunde for Sevilla FC. That is 37 of 99. Silver of Palo Daibala. Daibala for your auto here. That's prophecy fulfilled of Romelu Lukaku. Under 23 Refractor stars of Sulmana. Griezmann on the Refractor. Refractor, Auto. A Brendan Rogers. Looks like a manager for Leicester City. Leicester. Yeah, manager. Auto. Haven't seen any of those yet. I'm on the back here. We've got Pink Mathias Deleic. Deleic. 245 of 275. Messi base. Refractor, Thomas Mueller. Fourth and one. Going for it. That's not a fumble, right? Either way. I've got Prophecy Fulfilled, Erling Holland. Nice. Fourth and one and they're throwing the ball. Refractor, under 23 stars of D'Alp. Got Refractor, Rookie of Gusto. Holland Base. Base pack there. Last pack for your soccer, Eric. Got Speckled Rookie of Chabola for Chelsea FC. 145 of 150. Speckles look nice on these chrome cards. All right, up next we're going to go with the Chrome Baseball. New Classics, Ronald Apunya Jr. Vladdie Refractor. Part of the City, Bryce Harper. Blake Snow. Subdrew. We've got Prism, Yaddy Molina. Trutter Story. Refractor, Yola Moncada. Castro, Rookie. We've got Trey Ambergy, Rookie Auto for the Reds. Nice. Good start there. Castellanos. Future Stars, Boba Shet. 87, Lou Bob. Chris Terry, Rookie. Shohei Otani on the New Classics. Refractor, Clayton Kershaw. Mancini. Got Prism, J.D. Martinez. Wells, Rookie. Rookie Refractor, Stewart Fairchild. Blue coming up here. Blue. Rookie Auto for the Rangers. Joe Barlow. Well, color match there. Texas. Joe Barlow. That is 72 of 150. There you go, Eric. J.D. Martinez. Part of the City, Juan Soto. 87, George Springer. Matt Chapman. Second half there. Let's see some color. Gavin Sheaves. Tyler Glass, no. Krannick, we've got Pinstripe Matt Olson. Brandon Marsh, Rookie. Pulled the Rookie Refractor variation earlier out of Purcell. That was pretty cool. Poppy Baez, Prism. Hope Shet. Refractor, Rookie, Shane Bass. Have here. Rookie on the Fuchsia of $3.99. Edward Cabrera, Marlins. That is 320 of $3.99. Catel Marte. Point Park. We've got Matt Olson, 87 design. Not yet, Mike. Nope. Not quite yet. Got Refractor, Aronado, Lou Bob. Check the queue here in just a second. You've got Aqua Wave, Buster Posey for the Giants. 97 of $1.99. Not a Veerling Rookie. Williams. We've got Prism, Justin Verlander. Future Stars, Dylan Carlson, Refractor of Zimmerman. All right, Rivera, Coar, and the last pack here. Mickey Cabrera, 87. Annette Lester. Yeah, Jordan Redemption. All right. We're going to do the H2 next here for you, Eric. Let me see where you are, Mike. We've got Joshua up next, the couple boxes, and then you're up, Mike, and then Dean here after Mike. All right, select H2. Here we go. Good luck, Eric. Nice star. You're having a Concourse Rookie Base, Justin Fields, Montgomery, Josh Palmer, Disco Rookie Concourse, Zach Davidson, Vikings, Aaron Rodgers, and a Michael Carter Premier Level. I think it'll be like a Jersey, and then like a Redemption ticket as well. So I think, Dean, I'm not sure. I don't see them not doing something like that, so people don't weigh the boxes or know it, obviously. Frank Darby on the Disco Rookie Premier Level, Jalen Hertz and Silver Rookie, Javonte Williams Premier Level, Tony Gonzalez, Davidson, Najee Harris Rookie Base. We've got Trey Lance, Club Level Rookie Disco. Nice one there, Eric. JC Horn and Silver, Jacob Harris, Concourse Rookie. Antonio Gibson, Corey Davis. We've got Red Disco, Saquon Barkley Premier Level, Giants, 15 out of 49, Trevor Lawrence Rookie Premier Level Base, and a Tom Brady, Optic Time. Good luck here, Eric. Last box for you. Rated Rookie Hollow, Alvin Shingu. Yeah, Kobe's on one of the headliners as well. Garuba, we've got Red the 99, Derek White, Spurs, Gold Vinyl, that'd be sick. Kisperts, we've got Zyra Williams, 75 years, Charles Barkley insert. David Johnson, Hollow, lighted up, John Morant, Chris Duarte, Rated Rookie, Carmelo Anthony, Lyme Green of Jalen Brunson to 149, 106 of 149, Rated Rookie of Shrey Mann, 75 years, Moses Moody, Rookie. That was Bassey, All-Star insert. Sean just sent me a TikTok. Don't watch it after this. Trey Murphy, Star Gazing, LeBron. Hollow, De'Aaron Fox, second half. Miles McBride, All-Stars insert. Still looking for the auto here. Shingoon, Optic, Zach Levine, or sorry, Hollow, Zach Levine. Moses Moody, Bassey, Rookie, and Hollow, Jonas Fallon Kunis, Jalen Suggs, Rated Rookie, and Hollow, the Rookie's Jalen Green, Jalen Johnson, Jalen Green, Rated Rookie. I've got our auto next, silly dominators, Giannis. Let's see who we got. We've got out of 99 dominators for the magic Wendell Carter Jr. Wendell Carter, had his solid season last year. Hopefully he can have another decent one. Looking forward to going to some magic games this year. We've got the Demarda Rosen on the error photon. There you go, Eric. Kessler Edwards, Orange, Kate Cunningham, 128 of 199. Nice card there for you, Eric. Congrats. Heck yeah. Some small dimples on this side. You can kind of see there's three, one, two, and three there. I will send the box with you, and we will also mag this one for you. Very nice key. Dimples this year have been hard to not have on the cards, unfortunately. Lots of them have dimples this year. A couple packs left. Luca Garza, we've got Bama to buy out at 79 on the pink Velocity, 67 of 79. And last pack here, Trey Young. Alrighty, Eric, that will do it for your boxes. Thanks as always for hopping in. We do appreciate it. We'll get these right out to you.


All right, it's 12 o'clock. So great to be amongst Cal Bears. Just talked to Anthony, a friend of mine, who got his degree here, now a professor. I hate to even say it, but down at Stanford University, making sure that university stays on the right course. We're working on well-being in young people today across universities because there are some crises going on, as you know. And so it's good to see Anthony. And his son has come to Berkeley, so freshman, so we're proud of that. And he's already given him a hard time calling in an imperialist and all the good things that Berkeley people do. So, are you? Oh, man. Thank you, Dr. Keltner. Hello, everyone. I just want to welcome you. My name is Shaka Tillem. I'm the UC Berkeley student body president or ASUC president, depending on how you like to call it. I'm a senior here at Cal studying political economy, with minors in race and law and public policy. And before we get into this amazing lecture, I first just want to thank every one of you here today for coming out, showing support, helping build, you know, the Berkeley Pride as we know it. And a special thanks to our donors who help make events like this happen, as well as keep our university afloat. So with that being said, I would like to introduce Dr. Keltner, who is the founding director of the Greater Good Science Center, GGSC, and a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley. Keltner is the host of the GGSC's award-winning podcast, The Science of Happiness, as well as the co-instructor of the GGSC's popular online course with the same name. He is also the best-selling author of the Power Paradox, How We Gain and Lose Influence, and Born to Be Good. He is also the co-editor of the Compassionate Instinct. Please welcome Dr. Keltner. Gives me faith. Knowing young people coming out of Berkeley are heading into the world. Thank you. So what I'd like to talk about today is all, and all the mysteries that the emotion holds for us, and tell you a story that's a very Berkeley story. It's a human nature story. It's a worldwide story. I hope as you go around, and I'll give you a little clues, there are so many awe spots at UC Berkeley, from Sproul Plaza to Youth of the Grove. So many good things began here that really began in the spirit of awe. It is, in many ways, UC awe, if you will. So I'd like to start with a story. In 2010, I was working in my office in Pullman Hall before it was raised to the ground because of earthquake hazards. And I got a call from that guy, Pete Doctor, who I'd known socially. He's a director at Pixar. Had just finished up Up, which is a terrific movie about loss and living a life of having loved somebody.  And I know you teach emotions at UC Berkeley. I've listened to your class. I'm thinking about making a movie about the emotions. And I swear to God, for one instant, I thought, Pete's going to use my voice in this movie at Pixar. And man, did I get that wrong. And he said, I'd just like you to come by and talk to our Pixar team that's making this movie. And it would eventually become Inside Out. And Inside Out 2 is coming out in a couple of years. And as you know, Berkeley figures very prominently in many different Pixar movies. And I remember the first question that Pete asked when I gathered with his team is, what are the emotions? Right, emotions are so hard to pin down. They're hard to measure. It's a very young science that you'll learn about today. And I described what the emotions are. And that would become the main characters of the emotions who are pictured here. And that was kind of the status quo of the scientific field, joy, and fear, and anger, and disgust, and sadness, who is the hero of the story. And then Pete asked this question. He said, if you could add, we're thinking about five emotions. And if you could add one emotion to this story, this film, what would it be? And I just reflexively said awe. Awe, the feeling of wonder that we have about the mysteries of life. All the great things that come out of awe. Albert Einstein saying that awe and mystery are really the fount for the origins of science and art. Just human imagination comes out of awe. And he's like, what are you talking about, Dachar? And I'm like, I mean, imagine she's 11 years old and she goes out in backpacks and goes to a concert, dances, falls in love with Justin Bieber. All this stuff. And they looked at me like, this is a typical Berkeley answer. But regrettably, awe did not feature prominently in that movie. But I think it's part of the lesson of today's talk is I do believe awe is the deepest human emotion and maybe are defining human emotion. And in studying it for 15 years, I really think there's, it's urgently needed for our times. Lancet is now publishing data that about 30% of the world is depressed and anxious coming out of COVID. We're remarkably stressed out because of climate crises, white supremacy, a lot of the forces today that are unraveling, awe is an antidote to those times. So important to cultivate. So I'm going to tell you four or five different stories about awe. I will leave 10 minutes of time for Q&A. And if you have questions along the way, make sure you let me know. So awe is the feeling, and this comes out of different philosophical traditions that I'll talk about when you encounter something vast and mysterious that transcends your current frame of reference.  And awe is when things don't make sense given that current frame of reference. Most typically it's big things, big things physically or semantically or conceptually. Who's had an experience of awe today? What was it? Yeah, so many incredible trees on this campus. We're very proud of our trees. Another experience of awe today or recently, yeah. Yeah, just like excitement that faculty have about knowledge or the lecturers. And yeah, we also have their hand up over here. Yeah. Yeah. And Berkeley professor Patrick Gonzalez who gives me awe, who runs our Institute of Parks reminds me of all the good things Californians are due to reduce our carbon emissions and usage and the like. A lot of good things happening. So prevalent around us. I really think every emotion as philosophers like to remind us has a kind of a core meaning to it. Anger is about justice. At its core, the free speech protests are about injustice and the animating force of anger there. And I think awe points us to what matters most in life. It's individual, it's cultural, and it's like a compass that says this is what you really care about and what you should devote your life to. As a scientist and in particular, as a somebody who works in an evolutionary tradition beginning with Charles Darwin, I am struck by the question of why would humans in the course of our evolution, six, seven million years since we branched off from our chimpanzee relatives, why would we have this emotion of awe? And I hope that we give you some quick answers to that. So what I want to do is talk about what we've learned about awe in just, you know, an incredible team of students, undergrads, graduate students now, professors at different universities, and then kind of spreading the awe science. And then I'm going to get to kind of the role of awe in our sense of morality, our relationship to nature, a little bit on music. I'll do a little digression into psychedelics and that will dominate the Q and A, such as life, and then we'll open it up. So first some awe facts, just to orient us to the deeper inquiry into this amazing emotion. And I just want to kind of ground us, you know, it's very interesting. We got to be suspicious of words. Words have historical legacies. And when we began this work, there was the word awe, and people would often think like, isn't that kind of like fear? And today in the 21st century, awe is nothing like fear. And I can bore you with all the computational data that we've done on that. The reason why is awe traces back etymologically to Norse and Old English in the eighth and ninth century, Ege and Age, when awe, it really meant fear, dread, horror. But if you just think back to what life was like in the eighth or ninth century, people lived to about the age of 40. About 20% of infants died.  It was a really different time. And today, we've done studies, 26 different countries. awe feels really good. And that's really interesting that when we encounter vast mysteries, the human mind feels agentic and empowered to figure things out. And then I've given some other basic findings here. This surprised us. We started to ask people in China and Japan and Brazil, we've done 10 different countries, Barcelona like, hey, at the end of the day, just did you feel awe today? Did you feel the sense of wonder at vast mysteries? And people feel awe two to three times a week. There's everyday awe. Who's got an experience of everyday awe they've had recently? They're just sort of, yeah, that's a great Berkeley experience of awe, which is like, it's amazing, but now I'm going to critique the system, right? Okay, fair enough. Another experience of everyday awe, yeah. Another Berkeley form of awe, right? Pete's Coffee 1964, Arman Pete brought coffee to the United States. And coffee, of course, is a source of awe. There's a lot of awe out there. And you'll see this through the studies. And this is why I say, and I was very happy that our surgeon general, Vivek Murthy, has a whole chapter on awe in his kind of call to health for the United States. There's almost nothing that is better for your nervous system and your mind than finding the little everyday awe to stop for a moment and say, man, these figs are amazing or this coffee is amazing. These are just some of the data, brief moments of awe, as you'll see, less self focus, more humble, more intellectually curious, more intellectually humble, greater scientific reasoning, elevated vagal tone, the vagus nerve gets activated, very good for your body, reduced inflammation from your immune system. It's a pathway to 21st century disease. Most people who died of COVID of the million people in the United States had inflammation issues going into the encounter with the virus. Awe quiets that down and then a lot of stress and well being benefits. So let me tell you our first story of awe, which is it's history. Every emotion has a history. I just taught my Berkeley students the Javanese emotion of perna. It's amazing. Perna is the sense of safe place. Young people really want that today. It's such a resonant idea. Maybe that will start its own history here in the United States. Awe has this amazing history. First of all, we are on sacred grounds of the Olone people. Awe goes deep in indigenous traditions. They all write about awe. That is a sand painting from the Weachole people in Mexico. If you study, as Rebecca Stone has, a lot of the cultural dimensions to indigenous cultures, a lot of it is about cultivating awe. The designs, the patterns in the ceramics and the like, very rich traditions of awe. In the United States, in Western European culture, it's dominated until 1770 by religious writers. Julian of Norwich, whom I'll profile, very important figure. Saint Paul of Assisi, if you go to the East Asian traditions of the great Bhagavad Gita and the story of Arjun encountering gods, it's about awe. The written record largely is religious with respect to our understanding of awe. Great spiritual traditions. Then what happens, and I've given you some examples here, is the age of enlightenment in the 18th century, and then what is called romanticism, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and others. Science starts happening, industry. People start exploring nature. People ascend Montblanc in Switzerland in 1750 or so. People start finding awe outside of the religious context. And I'm profiling, if you're interested, people like Edmund Burke, a great philosopher, Irish philosopher, awe is about power and obscurity, the romanticists that followed. And you should really read about Alex von Humboldt, who was an incredible scientist who gave us the idea of the ecosystem. And he taught Western Europeans what indigenous people already knew, which is that we are part of these big ecosystems. And that starts to take hold in culture. Awe moves out of religion in the churches and starts to move out into our everyday experience, everyday awe. And today in the United States, sociologists find about 40% of Americans find spiritual awe in their religious practice. About 40% of Americans find it in other things. Music, choir, nature, how many of you feel you've encountered the divine in nature? A lot of people will like backpacking like I do with my daughter and you see the peaks and you want to feel like it's spirit. It's the animating force of life. Pretty remarkable. So now to the science. We started this, you know, like you guys, like awe, well what is it? Right? And one of the things we've learned in social science is a humbling that, you know, you can't just ask college students.  And our coffee. So we surveyed, you know, it was actually somebody I'm very proud of, Maria Monroy, who's a first generation Berkeley student, did her PhD at Berkeley, will become a professor for her parents who are from Mexico. She said, we can go survey people around the world. So we surveyed people from 26 countries, from Brazil to China to parts of Africa to Japan to Northern Europe, really radically different countries. And just ask them the right stories of awe. And that's the sources of awe that we've classified, that really sort of have this universal structure to them of other people, which I'll talk about, nature, art, music, collective movement, right? And I'll give you a neat example of that. Big ideas. What's a big idea that's giving you awe? The web, right? The telescope, yeah. How about those shots of the universe? Those are mind blowing, right? What's another big idea that's giving you awe? Probably, what's that? AI? Like, what is it? You know, is it going to ruin the world or not? Big ideas give us awe, spiritual practice, and then encountering the life cycle, right? We're all born. And as I started to give talks to audiences, a lot of people talk about the end of life, watching someone pass as a deep source of wonder and mystery and awe. Very interesting. So let me tell you four or five stories of what we've done in this work. It is really striking, and this caught us off guard, you know, when you ask people about awe, they'll say, you know, Grand Canyon, you know, the Cal football play where they beat Stanford, that great multilateral, I still every now and then check in on that one to find awe, you know, being in the front row of a concert, you know, et cetera. And remarkably, around the world, the central source of awe is other people, right? How we are astounded by people's moral courage, their character, their kindness, right? You'll be walking down the street and you'll see somebody do something. I remember seeing this skateboarder, this tree was stuck in the tree, this cat was stuck in the tree. We're all looking at it like, what do we do?  It's all around us and I've given you some examples of Ella Baker really doing the work to get the civil rights movement off the ground. Jane Adams, who started the first house for the poor, Mahatma Gandhi, is all awe, you know, it's all just transforming history through nonviolence, that we really respond to other people with a sense of wonder or what Thomas Jefferson called elevation. Really interesting and I asked my Berkeley undergrads this, really, and I take a little moment, who's somebody of moral beauty to you? And it's good to get young people to ask that question, right?  I see someone nodding when you're around Hari and he's already advising Obama and so he had to advise Obama on the lives of autistic individuals. Who's a person of moral beauty for you? Yeah, Helen Keller, like, why?  Who else? Yeah, amazing. From the back, anybody? One more? Yeah, yeah, yeah, and it's, and it's so interesting that humans have this capacity just to encounter examples of courage or kindness and suddenly that your life has changed, right? And how powerful an intuition that is. Let me read you a couple of these stories, and I broke my glasses as I, I'm good at like, just so, no laughing. These were a couple of the stories we got when we surveyed people around the world. This is a woman from Ireland when watching my daughter who was born with bilateral clubfoot dance in a ballet recital for the first time I was filled with awe as in the audience with my mother and my little girl was dancing on stage. While watching I felt the beginning of tears. My heart felt like it was going to burst. That's the vagus nerve. Tears is also hooked up. There's an ancient tradition of studying tears, the feeling of tears associated with the sacred. I was awestruck at how far she'd come. I love this one. It's from a guy writing about his dad. He was from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 1973 at my cousin's restaurant. My father worked there. I was with my best friend from high school. He's black. I'm white. I hadn't seen him in five years, so we embraced. Somebody told the dad, how could you let that and use the n-word in? And my dad threw the guy out of the bar. I'd never been more proud of my dad. My father was 59 years old. Really interesting is, and this is just some of the science, you can just let people read these stories or encounter figures of moral beauty, or get them to think about someone of moral beauty. At the greater Good Science Center, we're starting a whole awe-based curriculum in partnership with a lot of great partners, and one of the exercises is get young kids. Who's morally beautiful for me? What a deep reflective exercise it is. What it does is it has a lot of physiological benefits, chills, tears, vagal tone, part of your brain called the orbital frontal cortex, which helps you make ethical decisions, and people really become more cooperative and share more, which is a central outcome. Second stop is nature, and this one will be obvious to Californians perhaps. Such good work going on at Berkeley, the Institute of the Parks, is making sure they're fighting the fight so that 30% of California will be protected lands, which is good news. They're working on mechanisms to make sure everybody is 10 minutes from a green space in California. So a lot of greening going on in the world, which is exciting. The idea that awe brings us nature immediately gets us to indigenous philosophies, indigenous people, thousands of different cultures, 500 million people around the world. And across these different traditions, people like Dr. Yuria Selidwin at the United Nations and Piro T have argued, it is just part of how they view life that you are connected to other parts of nature. You are part of an ecosystem, which is true. Our bodies are connected to the sense and sounds out there, and we are indeed part of an ecosystem, that everything is connected. We are collaborating with other species. There's some animating life force to all living beings. These are a couple of my favorite quotes. This is when they summited Mont Blanc first. The soul ascends, the vision of the spirit expands, and in the midst of this majestic silence, one seems to hear the voice of nature and to become certain of its secret operations. When they first ascended Mont Blanc in 1770 or 80, it was a mystical experience for them. And I love this one because it has a Berkeley feel or a California feel and all of our fascination with fungi, but it actually comes from Russia. Probably not a lot of all out there these days. Five years ago, collecting mushrooms in the forest, I bumped into an uncommon hole in the ground, and around it all the trees stood as if gazing into the hole. And I love how suddenly in awe everything seems to have consciousness, right? And they're what we call panpsychism. The trees have consciousness, which they do. This is a very famous quote in American, American cultural history of awe. This is Ralph Waldo Emerson, very important figure in the 19th century, kind of a strange, wild guy. He was out on a very cold day in a commons in Massachusetts, and he had this experience of awe. And I love the phrasing, in the woods we return to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in life. No disgrace, no calamity, which nature cannot prepare. Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. This kind of nagging voice of the ego or the self, which a lot of people feel is at the heart of some of our mental health crises today, seems to vanish in nature. In his book from 1836, or his essay, the longer version of it, Emerson had this idea, and it's fascinating, and I think there's a lot of truth to it. I'll just allude to it really quickly. He really felt that a lot of the best operations of our mind were in how the mind relates to nature, that we start to see fractal patterns in mountains, and the succession of mountains, and understand the mathematics behind that, that we see part-hole relations. You never know what's going to happen at Berkeley. If you get to ethical traditions, try to ignore that loud drum beating out there. I love this quote from Lao Tzu and Taoism. Highest good is like water, because water excels in benefiting the myriad creatures without contending with them, and settles where none would like to be. It comes to chase them away. It comes close to the way. A lot of different ethical spiritual traditions find our deep sources of meaning in relationships to nature. Taoism was a naturalistic philosophy that took inspiration from that. I think we're up against Oskie the Bear and everything. We've done a lot of studies of nature. There's a remarkable science of the health benefits of nature. John Jarvis, who's at UC Berkeley, running the Institute of Parks did a big initiative to get medical doctors to start to prescribe nature as a source of health. What we did at UC Berkeley here is we took students up and looked up into the trees, those beautiful eucalyptus trees, so many beautiful trees on campus, or they looked up at the science building right next door. Same exact place, not quite as awe-inspiring. What we found is just a little moment of awe, looking into these trees, taking in the light of the eucalyptus, made those students feel less self-important, they felt less entitled, they needed less money to do the study. We staged a little drama where somebody walking by who was part of the study dropped a bunch of pens, and our students feeling awe were more likely to help the individual pick up some pens. They picked up more pens. This is a finding worth reflecting on. There's a lot of social science. Why are young people more anxious and depressed today than they were 30 years ago? I saw it in my own children who went to UC Berkeley, and part of their problem is their too self-focused, right? They're thinking too much about the self, taking too many pictures of the self, etc., and losing the big things around them that are what they should be connecting to. You guys know this at your stage of development, but it is in some sense we are at this crisis of narcissism that people have been writing about for a few decades, and awe is the quickest way to bump out of that crisis. All right. Third wonder is collective effervescence. How many of you are going to the football game today? Isn't it amazing? You go to the game. Cal hopefully will play well. This may not be a good example. It's just a game. They're on the field. They score the winning touchdown. You're cheering. You're singing the song. You're doing the chance. There's Oski the bear, and you're looking around, and you're tearing up, and you're hugging people.  Watching a football game. And that speaks to this third source of awe that the great sociologist Emile Durkheim wrote about, which is our capacity to fold into what he called collective effervescence. There's an amazing new science of effervescence or sharing feeling, in particular, ecstatic feeling. You can, and I'll just give you some of the findings that I've encountered in the literature, little babies, nine months old, if they hear music and other people kind of dancing, they start dancing with other people, right? And you're sort of folding into this rhythm. If you are listening to music, your brain synchronized. If you are around people, your heart rate and your hormones will start to synchronize with others. Really different from our non-human primate relatives. We have this deep tendency to become collective, to move from a sense of individual self to collective self. So many sources of this collective feeling, dance. How many of you have found some awe in dance? It's amazing, isn't it, right?  Politics, of course, sporting events, recreational activities, public spaces. There's this amazing new study by physicists who were interested in the collective effervescence at punk rock shows or metalhead shows. It's so striking, these punks go to music, they think they're like defying the society, and they fold into two big collective patterns of movement. One is the mosh pit inside, which is these kind of pinball-like motions, but then everybody around the mosh pit, this symbol of chaos, they all start moving together to protect the people in the mosh pit. They're sort of moving in this collective unit. Remarkable counterintuitive tendency towards collective feeling and sharing. One of my favorites, and I hope when you walk by Spral Plaza, you just remember the free speech movement, and if you're interested in it, you should read Subversives. A terrific book on how important that movement is historically to, in combination with, you know, the civil rights movement, Black Panthers, just to start to build a new awareness of free speech and anti-war, which I count to be one of our great achievements. All right, so for those of you who find awe in sports and any Warriors fans here, I was pretty awe-inspiring this last, you know, it's amazing to find transcendent meaning from sports. Well, you're not alone, and it's just so great to see what this science gets us, which is Emile Durkheim, this French sociologist, studied who's after what the core of our spiritual lives is, right? It's kind of a classic question. And he wrote about awe and collective effervescence and folding into the rituals of spiritual practice, the chanting, the feeling, the symbols, the iconography, the beautiful stained glass windows, the church cathedrals, which look like forests, right? They're designed very often to have the structure of forests. And he said, that's the core of our spiritual commitments is this feeling of collective effervescence. And this wonderful sociologist made the case, and you guys can debate this at the game later on today, that you can also find that feeling in sort of spiritual transcendence. That's athletic events. And so this sociologist, Cottingham, hung around Pittsburgh Steeler fans, who are voted as the most impassioned fans in the United States. They're fanatical. They get married in Pittsburgh Steeler colors. They get, they, when they get buried, a lot of them get buried with their Pittsburgh Steeler, you know, picnic chair. It's just this major source of devotion. And the sociologist who did, wasn't a football fan, hung around them, and they're like, they have this structure of collective spiritual feeling. They have exalted feelings when Pittsburgh scores a touchdown. They're all raising their hands and crying and hugging. They have this sense of shared attention, which is part of the mystical experience of what's happening on the field. They have symbolic objects like the Pittsburgh, the terrible towel, which is this towel that they all swing around at when Pittsburgh does really well and gives you this sense of kind of shifting your awareness. And then they really have a sense of shared identity. This gets to lofty realms as well. And I want to profile a story of awe from Belinda Campos, who her parent, she's from Mexico, got her PhD at UC Berkeley, had awe issues throughout, lots of family struggles and the like. Her parents were janitors. And got her PhD. And now I'm proud to say is a professor at UC Irvine, one of the first Latinx, Latina professors of psychology in the UC, we're very proud of her. And when she found out about awe, she sent me this story. This occurred at Berkeley, it was the day of my graduation. My father had stopped his formal education at fifth grade when his father's death forced him to start working to help support his family. And as I was looking for my family coming out of the Greek theater, an amazing place of awe. And older Latina, someone who looked like it was there as a grandparent, stopped me. And she said, if I spoke Spanish, and I said, claro, senora. She went on to tell me in Spanish how much it means to her that someone like me is getting a PhD. And then Belinda says, there were so many, it led her, it led her into this awe flight of fancy, where she said, there's so many sacrifices, individual and collective, that made it possible for someone like me to be on this stage. The chain of life and sacrifice seemed to stretch for generations. I always feel that being around people like you and what we do. So we have done a lot of work on collective effervescence. One was a laboratory through the Sierra Club on the American River. And we took under-resourced teenagers from Richmond and Oakland, who had never been camping, and veterans. Veterans have twice the rate of depression as average Americans or typical Americans. They rafted for a day. We followed how they were doing. What's fascinating is their physiology started to converge with each other on the raft, their cortisol levels. They all started to kind of feel one. There's a lot of shared vocalizations on the raft. And I'll show you one finding, which is that for veterans, 30% drop in PTSD by a half day on a river. 30% drop. PTSD is hard to move around. That is an intractable psychological struggle. And here, and the Sierra Club gets tens of thousands of, hundreds of thousands of Americans, thousands of veterans outdoors. And I love this quote from one of our veterans who said, looking up at the star-spattered sky, I thought about the universe and how infinite it is. It makes what I do feel less important, humility, but the opportunity of what I could do more powerful and lightweight. So interesting how these feelings feel light. You feel free and empowered. I'd never seen how so many stars are in the sky like I did tonight. Okay. Well, it's good to talk about music with some music going on outside. Two final stories. Music, mysticism, and then we'll have five or 10 minutes for drum-enhanced Q&A. You know, the science of music is, it's remarkable. And it gives me all to think about how deep music is in the DNA of our species and just who we are. I'm giving you some of the just basic facts. The estimates are that music is 80 to 100,000 years old, just formal drums and flutes being made out of different things in the environment. There's a recent study just published in Science by Samuel Merer at Harvard. Around the world, parents start using musical sounds with their babies, right? That social practice is probably millions of years old, where you have sing-song voice, you know, little songs and lullabies that we sing to our children. You're probably saying lullabies to your kids. My children, once they learned about this, asked for like two hours of lullabies a night, you know, just these recycled tunes got kind of exhausting. But there's something deep to the fact that we share minds through music. As I said, little nine-month-olds will start synchronizing with people to music. There's studies showing, there's some collective effervescence, there are studies showing if I'm a year-old child and a stranger comes in and sings the music of my culture, I will move closer to that person and trust them. If it's the music of another culture, I remain a little wary, right? Music is identity, culture and through all. Such amazing science going on. All right, no brainer. Who's had a moment of transcendence listening to music? Describe a couple. Who's got one for us? Any kind of experience. Yeah, that's amazing. And it's just, you know, when you get down to the reductionistic tendencies of this, it's like music is sound waves, comes into your, produces stuff in the brain and somehow it has all of the transcendence that you just described. Who's got another experience of music? Yeah. For those of you who have been a grateful and it's very fitting, there you are with your tie-dye shirt and it's amazing. One more, musical experience of all. Yeah. Being in front row, Elton John concert, 17 years old, saw things I've never seen before. I mean it's incredible when you think about sound waves coming in and you're with other physical beings. And then within 10 minutes, as a Berkeley undergrad told me in my class two days ago, people are just starting to study this, like I had this idea that I love human beings, right?  So I want to, my final story of awe is mysticism and obviously for our work on, we've got a lot of work going on on music and for this book, I interviewed a lot of musicians and about the depths of awe from that. But the final one is mysticism and one of the wonderful things about awe is it allows us to talk about the deep human tendency, which Berkeley sociologist Robert Bella, one of my favorite writers, Robert Wright, who used to write for the New Republic, have called just this universal tendency of humanity to have a sense of spirit or divine, however we would define it, right? And I like the fact that awe allows people to talk about the many different sources of divinity and spirit.  So, I'll give you a little bit of history or one piece of history and then talk briefly about psychedelics, which I think to be a very small part of mysticism. William James is the founding figure of psychology, very interesting guy, very influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson, who's his godfather, grew up in an experimental schools, had suffered from profound OCD and anxiety, just rattled to the core by anxiety and the like struggled in his life. I teach him to my Berkeley undergrads because he, like Charles Darwin, failed at his first couple of careers. Darwin wanted to be a medical doctor, failed. So, you got to wander, you got to find what really moves you and then James of all things took a little whiff of nitrous oxide one day and nitrous oxide is the laughing gas that they give you for dental procedures and he falls to the floor and he's like, oh my god, he has this mystical experience on nitrous oxide which tells you how he was and he's just, oh my god, he's like, I see the fundamental cosmic it, you know, and he goes in search of it and what he does, which is important to all of us, here's this founding figure of psychology in American philosophy. He interviews a lot of people about their transcendent experiences and writes about it, right, from Tolstoy to ministers to Hindus to, you know, Walt Whitman, one of the great mystics and he says that awe is the core to religion, that it's this, everybody feels it in different ways, in different places, grateful dead, backpacking, cow game, prayer, meditation and it has this structure to it that he starts to detail through his analysis of these stories that in fact it has these elements of, you know, you really feel like things are true, like, oh, this really is true, things aren't describable, you feel united, the world is united in systems and there's something about your experience that everything is alive, right, and animated by life forces. So that, of course, you find a lot in the deep roots of mystical experience in psychedelic experiences in indigenous cultures. I'd recommend Jessica Hollenbach for a great book and then just a minute, you guys probably have been hearing about Berkeley Center for Scientist Psychedelics and Michael Paul and a Berkeley professor really changing the world's view of psychedelics in many ways, they're, you know, and I'm giving you some facts just to think about early work, you know, two out of three people when you take psilocybin in a controlled setting or LSE, it is one of the five most spiritual experiences of their lives. About 13 to 20 percent feel real terror and fear and so one of the things that we're all grappling with is, you know, watch out and who's vulnerable for that and the like. The very exciting thing about this, there's an interesting neuroscience, this is the stuff, the regions of your cortex that I color, MPFC, PCC is what's called the default mode network, big chunks of your brain that are about the ego, right, stay on task, succeed, do well, maximize your time, keep moving forward, psychedelics quiet that down.  And what I'm most excited about, I worry about the hype right now, but what I am excited about, there are some psychological conditions that are very hard to move. Veterans with PTSD, right, that is a hard one. And veterans, and I'm working with a lot of veterans, talk therapy for a lot of veterans just isn't how they view approach life, right, they want to get out and do awesome things, right. People with OCD, which runs in my family, that's a hard, deep condition. There's work coming out of Yale showing a psychedelic experience, all the obsessive patterns of OCD kind of soften, right, and dissipate. So I'm very worried about some of the exploitation of this movement, happy to talk about that, you know, the colonization of indigenous knowledge and tradition, etc. But it will be great for certain populations who really struggle with certain conditions of life. And then I hope I do a lot of work in prisons, you know, 30% of our prisoners are in there for drugs that I should have been thrown in prison for when I was younger, and they shouldn't be in there. And I think that this movement will get us to rethink what drugs are if it goes in the right direction. And it's a risky thing. Timothy Lurie, who let us down the wrong path, got his PhD at Berkeley. And so we don't want to reinvent the mistakes of the past. So we'll see, I'm hopeful. So why all? As I said, there's almost nothing better to do for your state of mind and body than go find some all. We've seen it so many different ways we do it. I am really excited at the Greater Good Science Center. We've launched this education program. We have a lot of stuff on all, all practices, GGI.GIA.Berkeley.edu, 700,000 people use. But our education, for those of you like Anthony, who had a child get into Berkeley, that is not an awe-inspiring passage, you know. It is so stressed out on our young people today. So narrowing and so structured. And I think one antidote is to open it up again with some awe. And we have an education program working with oceanographers at National Geographic, Patrick Gonzalez in our Institute of Parks to build awe back into the curriculum, because knowledge is awe. So I'm very excited about that. And then I have to do this. That's coming out in January. And you can get it now if you want. Go to my website. As Shaka said earlier, thank you for your support of Berkeley, for those of you who do. And thank you for being from Berkeley and spreading the word. We were rated number one in the world by Forbes last year. I don't mean to say that. And, you know, anyway, it's an amazing place. And keep being part of it. Thank you so much. We got time for some questions. I haven't had a personal experience with Ayahuasca. People speak very highly of it.  I don't. Because psychedelic use is up 50% in the United States. It has, it's this revolution. And so we have to be honest about it. I like the data, how it's looking. And so, you know, I haven't had any experience with that. But I've had other experiences. I write about a psychedelic experience I had with my brother who went to Berkeley. And some of them changed my life. And I think the veterans I work with are using Ayahuasca because it's full on. And they come in. One of the veterans that my collaborator worked with, you know, if you've killed people, it's some of the deepest trauma. And he worked through some of the profound trauma of that through Ayahuasca. So it's a time to see what it does for you. Other questions. Yeah. Yeah. It's amazing. And it's one of the great findings that, that brief doses of awe, this is an experiment by Rudd and all in 2012. You feel like you have more time. And time expands. And that's a classic psychedelic experience of like, that was six minutes. I thought I was here for a day and a half, you know, and you're just like, whoa. And then the whole thing. So time, we have a clock in our mind that keeps track of time. That's probably part of the default mode network.  And the mind, you know, time is subjective. And the mind stretches it out on awe, which is a lot of people would very much like to have more sense of more time in their day. So other questions or reflections? Yeah. Yeah, we, you know, that's going to be, this is such a young science, the key publications for only 10 years old, the Yale work, the OCD is coming out of Yale soon to be published. And so we can't answer questions like, what's the best age, right? You should be worried about any intervention for teenagers. Because that's such a dynamic time for the nervous system. Why, I would much rather have teenagers struggling backpack, right, or meditate than obviously these pharmaceutical interventions. So we don't know. But OCD tends to start to really hit in middle late childhood. So we've got to be thinking about various interventions. And not, by the way, tons of opportunity for being misinterpreted. I didn't just say, oh, Professor Kelton wants to give psychedelics to kids in middle childhood. That's not what I said. We are, we'll figure this out. Yeah, yeah, you know, one of my favorite findings is psychedelics helps people with nicotine addiction. Nicotine is very hard to beat. And psychedelics 80% drop. I don't know that finding. So, you know, I always, these wilder things, when I teach happiness, it's always the stuff without interventions, which work really well. But boy, if you're struggling in some of these spaces of addiction, deep trauma, OCD, good to, good to think of alternatives. I see one more question. Yeah. How do you feel about TMS? Do you know much about that? I think it's really cool, right? Trans the stimulating the surface of the yeah, big magnet, Joel parts of your brain, shift electrical waves. You know, there were rich ivories working on it at UC Berkeley, others, very interesting, right? Some of the, like OCD, the thinking is there's a neural circuit that just always cycles and doesn't break out of that pattern. And maybe external stimulation would disrupt that circuit, right? And so interesting, interesting thing to experiment on. Enjoy the day. Enjoy the game. Go Bears. Thank you very much.