McPhee? How are we doing? How are we doing? Rapid fire. What'd you rather? You ready to go? Yeah, let's get it. Okay, would you rather be two inches taller or have $100,000? Probably two inches taller, I'm pretty sure. You take that over $100,000? Oh yeah, oh yeah. Would you rather have two arms, one leg, two legs, and one arm? Two legs, one arm. Nice. Would you rather never wear the color blue or never wear the color green for the rest of your life? Blue for sure. Never wear blue? Yeah, blue for sure. I can't go without it. Yeah. Would you rather never do another Christmas or never do another Halloween? Halloween, for sure. Christmas is the best. Would you rather have a dog or cat? Dog, come on. Would you rather have three dogs or one cat? Three dogs, bro. Would you rather have ten dogs or one cat? It's pushing it, but I'm going ten dogs, dude. You'd have ten dogs before you had one cat? Yeah, I'd have to have a big farm, though. Would you rather have pineapple on every pizza you have for the rest of your life or never have pineapple on pizza ever again? Ugh. Probably never have pineapple on pizza again, honestly. You'd never have it ever again? Yeah. It's so cracked, though. It is really good, but every single pizza I have has that pineapple on it? Yeah, everything ever. And speaking of pineapple on pizza, a huge thank you to Domino's for sponsoring this portion of today's video. We ordered two large pizzas for all the boys here, and I need your guy's opinion on something. So this is my order. Mills already took a whack out of it. What do you think about pineapple on pizza? I'm an avid lover. I think it's amazing, but I don't know, some people absolutely hate it. Let me know in the comments. But Domino's has been an absolute game changer for my lifestyle. We play video games all the time, and Domino's is the perfect pairing. These boxes right here will absolutely fuel our next gaming session. It's great as leftovers, and it's super easy to get with carry-on delivery. And they even gave me a discount code MMG. So head over to dominoes.com, use my code MMG to get 20% off menu priced items. Domino's, I can't wait to eat the rest of this with the boys tonight, and thank you for sponsoring that portion of the video. Enjoy the rest. Would you rather? Oh boy. This is a classic, dude. Absolute classic. We're just gonna pull some of the craziest questions that we can think of off our brain, and we're gonna use the combined brand power of all the absolute genius intelligence we have in the room right now. Me, Chase, Foobert, Tar, Mil, Shane. Lots of brand power going on here. You said would you rather two inches or $100,000? You would take the two inches. Yes. Then I'm just gonna keep, I'm gonna up the ante. Would you rather have two inches of ice or a million dollars? I'd probably take a mil. You would take a mil. Okay. Two inches or $200,000? I think my cut off would be... Yeah, what's your buying point? Probably $500,000 or $200,000. So someone said $400,000. Well, it's true though. Because you can make $500,000. Yeah, I mean, you can make $200,000. You can't make two inches. Exactly, exactly. Yeah, and $500,000 might even be low. See, the thing is we're dealing with being short. Yeah, I use six foot five kids. I'll just take the money. Yeah, exactly. Whatever. Exactly. Okay, how about this? One inch or $100,000? $100,000 for sure. You see, because one inch doesn't do me any good, but like two inches, I feel like I could really pretend to be six foot. Exactly, yeah. So if you gave me two inches, and then I put on some Doc Martens, there's some Vapor Maxes, I'm six foot. Six one? I'm six two? Six nine, baby. Okay. Would you rather have done something horrible and nobody knows? Or everybody thinks you did something horrible, except you didn't do it. Dude, that's so tough.  In the other sense, everyone hates you, but you know confidently you didn't do it. I think that second one you just said, I think at some point you're going to start to believe that you did something bad. You know what I'm saying? Oh, like people would make you think you did. Yeah. Like you might as well have done something bad. Right, at some point, but I, yeah, dude, that's so hard. What would you do?  I think that's, yeah, I think I'd have to go with that. That's a tough one though. That would be so tough. Am I a horrible person for that? No, no, you're good. Would you rather have sticky hands or sticky feet? Like permanently sticky. Yeah. So if like anything you touch, you pretty much have to like. You gotta pry it off. So if I clap, you gotta unstick them from the shoulder. Yeah, you have to like peel, yeah. And then sticky feet. You might even need someone's help. I guess you go sticky feet, right? It just makes putting your socks on and off really uncomfortable. It doesn't stick through my shoe, right? No, no, no. Sticky feet, maybe. I'm going sticky hands because I'm going to be the world's best free climber there is. Ho, ho, ho. I don't even need to use my legs. I didn't think about career options. I can just go up the Empire Steady Building. Dude, you're literally Spider-Man. Yeah. Do you control it though? Do you control how much it sticks? I think it's just like that. Because otherwise you're going to be on the Empire Steady Building like... It's just a constant just... Oh, that stuff. All right, I like that though. I'm still on sticky feet. That would just be a hassle. Would you rather have a vivid crazy dream every single night or never dream? Is it like a scary dream? It's just really vivid.  It's not necessarily a nightmare, but it's every single night.  See, I love having dreams, but every single night, I might never have a dream again. I think I'd never have... Oh, that's such a cool experience to have though. I would just be scared of getting scary ones. Yeah, that's true. Yeah, because you can't really control that.  Guess I'd go never, dude.  Oh, that would be scary. I don't know if I'd like that. Would you rather never see a lake or never see an ocean for the rest of your life? Ocean. You'd never see an ocean and you would then get to see the lakes? Yeah. You could never see the ocean, bro. You can't go to Florida. You can't go to California. I mean, you could go there.  No, every, it's like a video game. Every time you turn and look, it just doesn't load. It's just a black... I was just thinking like being on boats and stuff. You're always on lakes, so you could never go out on like your boat again or jet skiing in general. I've never been out on a jet ski in the ocean. I don't think I'd want to. They kind of scare me. They do it in Florida though. Yeah. They go brazy out there. Yeah, and the ocean, there's sharks and stuff that'll mess you up. That's so scary. Oh, okay, there's a good one.  So they're outside the cage attacking the cage. Are you gonna get messed up? Are you just like experiencing it? No, no guarantees. They could, they could, they could bust through. Oh gosh. Basically, someone says you have to choose one. Which one do you choose? Probably sharks. You would take sharks? Oh my God, over the, no. I just, I think you have maybe the slightest more chance to survive a shark than a tiger. Sharks are so scary. Yeah, they both are. Especially being in the water. I would way rather have a tiger coming straight at me, bro. I don't even care. I saw a tiger came. Those aren't, they're fine, dude. Sharks are so scary. That's a good one. What would you guys rather get attacked by a shark or a tiger? Bro, a shark. You'd rather get attacked by a shark? Dude, a shark would be horrifying. You're literally looking into the deep depths of the ocean and there's nothing there. And then two seconds later. Well, he said we're in a cage. Yeah, there's no absolute, no chance of a tiger. So you would rather the shark, right? Yeah. I'd rather the tiger. Would you rather be seven foot two or five foot? Way too tall or way too short? That's such a tough one.  But you can go to the league. But yeah, like everything would, dude, I would hit my head on this.  No, dude.  You could just, dude, you could do anything with ease. Getting in your car. So you're picking that? Taking the groceries. You're picking that then? I would rather be five foot than seven foot two. I'm going seven two, because like you said, I'm just going to go play basketball or be an NFL wide receiver. NFL wide receiver is seven foot two? Yeah. I don't even need a jump. I'll just stand there. Bro. Go down there. Throw it to me.  Would you rather be a professional basketball player, professional football player? Football, for sure. I love football, yeah. I think it'd be a professional NBA player. I think it's definitely, definitely better to be basketball just on your body. Oh, totally. Football is so hard on your body. Totally. But I think I'd just like football a lot more. Totally. I mean, everybody praises Tom Brady, but like your quarterback. There's no halfbacks doing what he did. Yeah. Well, I know Frank Orwell for a while. Maybe it's possible. I'd be a professional basketball player though. You'd be a professional basketball player. It'd be fun. What position? I'd be a center. I'd 100% be center. I'd be a post-scoring demon, dude. So you'd be 7-2 like we said. No, I'll be 5-foot because I got to pick to be 5-foot and I got to be picked to be a professional NBA player. So now I'm Muggsy Bose. Ah. Let's go. Would you rather win the Super Bowl or the college football national championship? Some people get both. I feel like you'd almost have to say Super Bowl, but. Super Bowl sounds so much bigger. I don't know. What if you're just like, what if you just got traded to the team and you won the Super Bowl, whatever. Yeah, no. See, there's a lot of variables. There's a lot of variables. College football is the heart and soul and blood. Yeah. I think in general, I like college more. So I'd go college, but NFL is like the top tier. Like you are the top dog. There's so many variables. I don't know. What would you do? I think I do college football national championship. Super Bowl is awesome, but those guys are getting paid. College football national championship, they're literally, well, I guess NIAO, they're getting paid a little bit now. Yeah. But they're just rolling in there. Right. Blood, sweat, and tears. The heart of Nick Saban going to the gym. Would you rather be a heavily paid backup? So you never touch the field, NFL.  Let's give it real numbers. You'd be your backup who gets 10 mil.  Definitely backup. Okay. So now let me switch it. Would you rather be a backup getting one mil or a starter getting 10? Starter getting 10. What? Would you rather be a backup? It makes sense. Wait, wait, wait. Would you rather be a backup getting one mil or a starter getting one mil? Starter. You'd actually be a starter. Yeah. Oh yeah. I might just collect my channel. I was just going to say, yeah, it's definitely worse on your body to be a starter clearly. And the ridicule, do imagine having one bad game and then all your Twitter, Instagram, every social media, anybody you talk to is just chitting on you.  Nobody ever speaks to you. Well yeah, and if you get in the game and you don't even do that good, it doesn't really matter because you're a backup. He's like, oh, the backup only through one interception. Yeah, exactly.  I'm going to burn a sauce to the ground. I think I'd want to be the starter. I'd want that. I see what you mean. Would you rather be a shark or a lion? A lion, for sure. Dude, sharks are so savage. They're so scary, but that'd be lit. Because I'm so scared of the ocean. Yeah. But if I was a shark, I wouldn't be scared of them. Yeah, there's nothing to be scared of. I'm like the apex predator of the ocean. So I would just bust down into like, dude, I gotta say I was good at SpongeBob. So I was good at saying, just looking back. Would you, you kind of ask me this one, would you rather have like four FooBirds? Or FoeBirds. But you could only ever have that breed for like the rest of your life or one FoeBird. But I can have whatever dog I want. Yeah. I'd do four FoeBirds. I just want Samoyans, dude. Samoyans are so goaded. Where's Goofbeard? Would you rather always be hot? Like a little bit too hot. Yeah. Or a little bit too cold. No matter what you do, no matter how many blankets or sweaters or shirts you put on, you're two degrees too hot or you're two degrees too cold. I think I'd have to say hot. You'd be too hot? I know, because I love to sleep when it's cold. Yeah. But then you're never feeling good. No, you're not. It doesn't matter how many blankets you get on. It's never going to take your temperature. Oh, that's so tough. It would be a really tough one. I'd probably just have to say cold, I guess. I think I would go cold too. I don't know though. If you're always hot, you're always ready. You're always limber, you know? You're always ready to work out. You're always ready for a little jog. Yeah, that's true. Yeah, you're always losing out. Would you rather be a skier or a snowboarder? Snowboarder. Would you rather be a really good skier or an average snowboarder? I'd be a really good skier. It feels like there's a lot of money in skiing. It doesn't feel like there's a lot of money in snowboarding. I feel like you could get paid a lot of money to be an above average skier. Would you rather be able to run at 30 miles an hour or fly at one mile an hour? That was so good. Would you rather be able to run at 30 miles per hour or fly at one mile per hour? Run, for sure.  Something is 60 miles away. You're like, I'll just run. I'll just run there. I'll be there in two hours. Your grandma's like, can you pick me up from the airport? I'm 60 miles away. Yeah, be there in two. I'll lay down here. Someone run 30 miles an hour. Talking pop granny on your back. One mile an hour is just way too slow to be flying. It'd be nice though, yeah. But yeah, if you wanted to go 60 miles, it would take you 60 hours. Yeah, that's so bad. But you can fly. Why do you like flying? You like flying because it gets you places conveniently, right? Yeah, exactly. It's not convenient if it's one mile per hour. No. It's got to be at least half as fast as an actual airplane. I have no clue how fast those get. Those go like 500, 600 miles an hour, I feel like. So I have to go 300. No, I would go, if I could fly at 70 miles an hour, I would still do that. Well, then if you could fly at 70, you could run at 500. Oh, yeah, you probably run, man. 500 miles per hour, running, dude. Are you kidding me? Final question here, boys. We got to make this a good one. Would you rather have super strength as a superpower or super speed? You could either have the strength of the Hulk or you can have the speed of the Flash. Probably speed. Speed is so cool. Just running really fast would just be so nuts. It'd be cool to be super strong, but I think it'd be cooler to be super fast. Yeah, I don't think super strong is like very functional. It's functional in superhero movies, but also I'm not fighting Thanos. No. I don't need super speed. Yeah, you don't need super speed. But super speed, dude. You could just, it's just so convenient. You could go anywhere so fast. You could do all your chores in like five seconds. Yeah. Everything would, dude, I could build the pyramids. Oh my God. Just running circles to create a tornado. There's so many things. You could rob a bank. You know what I know. In and out so fast. Would you rather have to hit legs? Every single time you go to the gym. I'm doing the other thing. I'm doing the other thing. I don't care what it is, Chase. I'm doing it. You could say literally whatever you want. Would I rather hit legs every day in the gym, dude? It takes every ounce of brain power I have to do it once a month. Okay. How about every time you go to the gym, you have to squat? I can do that. I can do that. Rather, every time you go to the gym, I have to squat or every time you go to the gym, you have to do 200 pull-ups. I squat. I'd squat every time. About 100 pull-ups. I'd still squat. I don't mind squatting. Whole leg day, though. I would do 200 pull-ups for it and a whole leg day every day. All right, boys. We'll let that be our last one. We hope you guys enjoyed. We wanted to do more videos like this. So we hope you guys loved it. And let us know what you would have done in the comments. Appreciate you guys. Thanks for watching. As always, we'll see you in the next one. Peace.


Hello and welcome back to another lesson. Now within this lesson, what I wanted to do was to summarise Dr. Jekyll, Mr. Hyde and the key events that happen within this novella in five minutes. In other words, what I think would be great is to take a step back, essentially have a mind map of all the sequence of events that happen in all 10 chapters, so that especially if you're revising this novella either for your upcoming GCSE English mocks or your exam, you can be able to kind of remember the key events that happen within this novel. So let's begin. Chapter one shows us and introduces us to Mr. Enfield, okay? So Mr. Enfield and Mr. Artisan are taking a walk and he sees a door. It doesn't have a handle or a knocker and this triggers him to remember an event that he saw earlier. He tells Artisan that at 3am on a black winter morning, he saw Mr. Hyde trampling a little girl.  Then in chapter two, we learn that Artisan is curious about this Mr. Hyde. The story stands out to him because actually Hyde, who is living in kind of the more working class side of London, is connected to his upper class friend Jekyll because Jekyll has left everything in his world to Mr. Hyde, okay? So Mr. Artisan, who's his lawyer, is really troubled by this and he asks Lanyon, so he decides to do his own investigation. He meets Lanyon, who was both Dr. Jekyll and his own friend. Lanyon says they fell out because he was doing acts of science that he didn't believe in. He was committing acts of unscientific bull didash, okay? So then Mr. Artisan eventually meets Hyde.  In chapter three, we then meet Jekyll, who is having an amazing party. He's, you know, the life of the party. However, Artisan asks him about his world. Artisan says, look, I'm really worried about your world. Please talk to me about it. However, Jekyll shuts him down in his furious at Artisan for questioning his world and he says, look, my relationship with Mr. Hyde is my own relationship, leave me to it. And if I want to at any point, I can break off our relationship. Now in chapter four, the tension escalates. The story now starts really having its turning point because Mr. Hyde murders Sir Denvis Caru and flees, yet he leaves behind a cane. So he murders a really famous politician, a really important figure in Victorian England. However, he hits him with this cane which breaks and he leaves his cane behind. Now when Artisan and the police officer arrive at the scene, they find that this cane looks strangely similar to Dr. Jekyll's cane. And of course, they are kind of worried. What is going on? What's happening? Now in chapter five, we then learn that Jekyll, who was really happy, really pleased, just looking fine and perfect in chapter three, is now ill. He looks really gravely ill. However, he gives Artisan a letter written by Mr. Hyde and he says, look, here's a letter from Mr. Hyde. He promises he'll never come back. His flood. We're never going to find him, but he promises in this letter that he'll never come back. Artisan, who's happy, takes this. However, his clerk, guest notices that the handwriting for Mr. Hyde looks quite similar to Dr. Jekyll's. In chapter six, Jekyll then goes back to normal. He carries on hosting his parties and then suddenly he disappears. And Lanyon, who is Artisan and Jekyll's friend, suddenly also mysteriously dies under strange circumstances, but Lanyon leaves a letter behind that should be opened if Dr. Jekyll disappears or dies. In chapter seven, we find that Artisan and Enfield are still on another, you know, one of their walks and they see Dr. Jekyll behind a window. He looks like a prisoner. So they decide to talk to him. And as I talk to him and, you know, recounting events that have been happening, Dr. Jekyll suddenly looks really terrified and then he disappears once more. Now in chapter eight, we then find that Paul meets Artisan because he's really worried something terrible has happened to Dr. Jekyll. He thinks that Dr. Jekyll might have been murdered by Hyde. So Paul and Artisan decide to go into Dr. Jekyll's house to break into his laboratory, his lab, and they find Mr Hyde dead, dressed in Dr. Jekyll's clothes. In chapter nine, Artisan then decides to read Lanyon's letter, which reveals that Dr. Jekyll used science to become Hyde, okay? So Jekyll and Hyde are the same and Lanyon was so shocked he died from the shock of this terrible knowledge. And in chapter 10, Artisan then reads Dr. Jekyll's letter, which he finds once he, they broke into the laboratory. And this letter reveals to him that Dr. Jekyll lived a double life. He was Mr Hyde, he used science as a way to transform into Hyde in order to do really terrible things, and then he could turn back to Dr. Jekyll, however, he was unable to control this towards the end of his life. That's really it when it comes to understanding the key events that happen in all 10 chapters of this novella. I would suggest using this alongside your revision, okay? Rather than getting and drowning and all these information and notes, use this as part of your revision. Thanks so much for listening.


Ironically, I think this is essentially the entire plot of Ready Player One, and we're beginning to see this emerge in real life. One of the most compelling things about blockchains is that their inherent neutralness cuts through the limitations of our everyday reality, enabling things that would be impossible without it to happen with a level of ease that's sometimes hard to fathom. That's certainly true of projects like Bitcoin, but there is another newer movement that's using these same dynamics to, depending on who you ask, help uplift people looking to better their situation around the world in ways that can't be provided by their local economies or, on the other hand, through a darker lens, it represents a fluffy form of modern slavery. I'm referring to Play to Earn, and on this episode, we're going to talk about it. Hey folks, I'm Adam V. Levine, and this is Speaking of Bitcoin. On today's show, we're talking Axie Infinity, and the phenomenon of scholars, mostly based in the Philippines, who are playing a Pokemon-like game as a sort of career. To do that, as always, I'm joined by the other hosts of the show, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Hello, and Jonathan Mahion. Hey, hey. Stephanie is out this week. So folks, we have a lot of ground to cover here, we're just talking before the show, neither of you have been paying any attention to this thing, and I have, as usual, just dived in absolutely neck deep. So I read an article maybe about a month ago at this point that was talking about this Play to Earn movement. And Play to Earn really simply just means you play the game, you earn something that you can then turn into money. So it's like an approved form of gold farming, if you think about that.   And you'd have people from China, you'd have people from all around the world in places where the value of the gold in game was worth playing the game just for that. But the game itself didn't allow you to do that. They had all sorts of techniques to try to find you and stop you and make it so the goal that you were collecting was not something that would be valuable to you, but people didn't anyways. And it was kind of this arms race. So now fast forward to today, a game that launched several years ago and has been getting more popular over time, which has, as I mentioned, very kind of Pokemon-like, you have like a team of creatures and then those creatures fight other creatures. And that's basically how the game works. It's kind of brought back this moment. It really made me think of gold farming. But the kind of important difference is that they're OK with it. In a tokenized kind of game economy, it's actually normal to extract value from this type of an ecosystem. And so Axie has a somewhat complex ecosystem. And we're going to talk about that a little bit later in the show. But just generally, I wanted to kind of talk about how I got into it, kind of answer basic questions around this before we get into kind of the more nitty-gritty details. So when we're talking about this game, Axie Infinity has a really interesting characteristic about it, which is that in order to play, you actually need to own three NFTs. And each creature in this game is unique, represented by a single token that is one-of-one. And each creature has different characteristics. And creatures can be bred with each other to create new creatures, which means that if you have two NFTs, right, you have two of these Axie creatures, then you can actually create more Axie creatures. And since people need Axie creatures, they need to actually own a couple of them or at least have access to a couple of them, three in order to create a team. In order to get those, you have to buy them from someone. And this kind of creates a natural demand that is filled by other people who are playing the game, who are earning what's called Smooth Love Potion, or SLP. And this is sort of aphrodisiac that's required. Basically, in order to breed two Axies together, you need to have a certain number of SLP. And then also you need to have some other tokens, which again makes it more complex. Well, let's just focus on the SLP for now. So playing the game, you naturally earn SLP. And you can earn up to a certain amount per day, which is, depending on what you were doing earlier, it used to be more, but now it's probably closer to 100. Before we go deeper, does that make sense so far? Are you still with me? It sounds really interesting to be able to incorporate the possibilities of a secondary market and acknowledge that and embrace that as part of the game. The challenge I've always had with this concept is the balance between playing the game for the sheer fun of it and kind of the financialization of gaming in general, and how you strike that balance. On the one hand, I really see the opportunity for those who really have a passion for the game to be able to even make a living out of it. But at the same time, I do buy the argument that when you make that possible, or at least when you don't fight that possibility, it leads to people kind of financializing the game, hiring armies of gold farmers or clickers or like kind of minimum wage people, especially in cheap labor countries, who just click away and build up resources to turn this into an economy which ruins the game for everyone else. I'm really not sure how to feel about this. I kind of see both sides of the argument and I haven't been able to figure out if financializing these games is a good thing or a bad thing or both. I think that eSports already turns them into professions, all commoditizing the assets to disseminate the ability to turn it into a profession to everyone else that isn't just really good on the Twitch response. I'm not quite sure if that's a good thing or a bad thing. On the one hand, I see these people who really are passionate and good at playing these games, seeing this as an opportunity to turn it into a profession. And in many cases, we've seen examples of players who start off as amateurs that intern professional and kind of uplift themselves and their entire family out of poverty and these are beautiful stories of rags to riches through the beauty of the game and sportsmanship and all of that. But there's the dark side. There's the dark side of kind of gold-firing sweatshops in developing countries where you have rows and rows and rows of PCs and people just clicking away for no joy at all, doing effectively a factory job in this economy. Let me take us back to kind of the beginning of my journey. I learned about this from an article about a company called Yield Guild Games. It was actually an op-ed written by one of the primaries behind Yield Guild Games, which is a group out of the Philippines primarily, is my understanding, that started lending axes to people who wanted to play the game. Because as I mentioned, in order to play this game, Axie Infinity, you need to have three Axie creatures. Now Axie creatures, if you had bought them back during the crowd sale, would have cost, I think, dollars, is what the price wound up being for them. But today they trade for anywhere from $150 up to thousands of dollars. But $150 each is the pretty much lowest that I see out there and those are not axes that are gonna win you any games. So really in practice, the price is probably closer to $250 each. So you're looking at effectively a $750 upfront investment into Axie creatures in order to play the game. And then once you play the game, it seems like you can earn something in the range of about $250 every two weeks for the best LP. So that initial investment is the kind of thing that on the one hand makes it so that there is inherently demand for the thing that you are producing when you play the game, which is interesting from an economic standpoint, but it also presents a barrier. And so what Yield Guild Games did is they set up a program where they took the axes that they had and they partnered with local people in the Philippines who would basically go and recruit people who wanted to play the game, but who didn't have access to that much capital upfront or for just who it wasn't a good way to spend that much capital upfront. And then they would effectively loan those assets to these people and they would take 10% of what they earned and the person who managed the kind of local community and recruited people would take 20%. So in total, the people who were actually playing the game put no money in upfront and they were able to collect 70% of the revenue that they actually generated again in the form of this smooth love potion, which is a token that also again within this game is required as part of breeding one axi to another in order to create a new axi. So that's what Yield Guild Games did. And I saw that and I was like, man, that's really cool. I really liked that idea and think that that's pretty powerful because I think I've told this story before. A couple of years ago, I was working on a project where I was training an AI to identify within an audio file parts of speech that were not actual speech, right? Parts of speech that an editor would go through and would silence or would remove. And in order to do that, in order to train that type of model, you need a lot of data and that data can be very expensive to generate. So what I did is using Bitcoin, I connected with a number of people in Venezuela and I paid them a rate that cost about a quarter of what I would have paid, but for them was about 50 times what it was possible to earn locally. And so again, you couldn't do that if you were trying to do it with dollars because Venezuela is effectively cut off from the financial system. But through Bitcoin, you could and it was no problem. And what I found was that it was incredibly empowering for these people to do what was a very simple job, but which actually gave them enough resources to escape their situation. And the biggest problem that I had during the three months that I ran this test was that most of the people who we worked with pulled in enough money to be able to effectively escape from Venezuela. And then they weren't as interested in doing this work anymore because now they had options that were better for them. And so I really viewed that as a success, but it drilled home to me, the importance and the weirdness of having a global economy that everyone can access while at the same time allowing people who are in the United States to feel like, oh, this is really cheap and people in Venezuela to feel like, man, this is more money than it's possible for me to earn by an order of magnitude. So that's kind of the dynamic that's at play here. I'm gonna stop there before I go on. Any questions or comments on that? I think that whole global economy rule would work a lot easier and a lot more fairly if you actually allowed people to emigrate to any country they wanted to on the basis of merit and had open borders, which is a highly controversial opinion, but you can have a free market for capital and a closed market for labor. And then, as you discovered, it creates these incredible inequalities which are great opportunities, but they're opportunities that are unequally distributed and you create fantastic job opportunities for people and at the same time feel slimy while doing it. As I mentioned, kind of during the open, like on the one side, there's like, if someone can earn more than it's possible for them to earn locally, doing work that is less taxing and under better conditions, that feels like it should be a good thing. But you can very much look at this from the other perspective, which is this is rich countries and people in rich countries farming out low-paying work to people who have no better option. I think that there is a lot of tension there and I don't really think that I have an answer for what that is. I mean, isn't rich people farming out something that you choose to do because you have no better option literally the definition of a job? Okay, so I read this article about yield guild games and I was like, that's a really interesting kind of trend around all of this stuff and it's interesting to see people be so interested in this type of a game. And so I went looking for this on the internet and what I found was a subreddit called Axie Scholarships. So scholarship is the way that this was portrayed initially by yield guild games around the idea that again, primarily focused on trying to help people pull in a little bit of money off their assets, but that didn't really seem like the point. So I find this subreddit called Axie Scholarships and there's really two things that are happening there. One is you have dozens and dozens and dozens of people from places like the Philippines and Venezuela and other places that have this lower kind of cost or this lower local value scale who are looking for people to lend them or give them these creatures so that they can play this game and they can earn this revenue that would otherwise be lower for jobs that are less desirable to them. And these are people from students to homemakers, to people who just can't find a job, lots of people from Africa also. In general, it seems to have been kind of recognized as an opportunity. And on the other hand, you have these increasingly large groups of effectively professional gold farmers, kind of I think Andrea says, as you would describe it, who are looking for people who have never played the game but have done research into the game and have, you know, I've now started to see training courses pop up that people can take for free in order to prove that they understand the game even though they've never played it because they don't have any of these creatures yet with the hope of making it easier for them to find someone who will then lend them these assets. And the way that the assets are actually lent is very interesting. Axie uses a side chain on the Ethereum chain that's called Ronin, I believe. And basically when you create an account with Axie, you create a wallet and it kind of works like MetaMask. And so in order to work with somebody who wants to use your creatures, you set up an account and then you give them a QR code that allows them to log in from their mobile device or from whatever device they're going to use. Then they play the game and they earn SLP over the course of, you know, a two week period. And then at the end of the two week period, the SLP unlocks and you can claim it to the blockchain at which point it's split between the person who was playing the game and earned it and the person who provided the assets and the yield. So I really wanted to try this. I saw a lot of activity on it and I thought it would be very interesting, just this kind of like a sociological experiment to see what was up. So when I looked at it, the average rate that I saw in terms of the split in, you know, outside the world of yield guild games was more like a 50-50 split. And so I did something that was lower than that, you know, like I'm not in this for the funds, but I wanted to understand what's the experience, what are the dynamics of it? And I wound up working with three different people. The three initial people who I was working with, one was a student, fourth year computer science student in the Philippines. One was an unemployed man in the Philippines who was a little bit older than that. And one was a 21-year-old man in Texas, actually. And with these three people, I said, figure out which characters, you know, you want for your team. And then I purchased those characters for them, set up the accounts for them. And then basically just through a series of discords, because I maintained one for each one, so I could just kind of see what the experience was like with each of these people. You know, each day they would play the game, they would report what they earned. And then we just went through the first two weeks cycle, and so they all effectively got all their SLP out. I asked them a couple of questions, but oh, I should mention, the kid from Texas dropped out almost immediately and got a job for Uber Eats. And that, again, was, I think, another really interesting demonstration to me that this really is about not having any better options. If you have a better option, you're gonna take the better option. But if this is what your best option you proceed to be locally is, then it's a lot less exploitative than many other things that you might try to do. Especially if you, for example, have the skills to play a video game, but don't really have a lot of education really in anything else, and you would be doing something that's much more laborious and dangerous, but not actually pays anymore, and in fact pays significantly less. I think that's a really good point. And again, that flips me to the other side of this ambivalent feeling, which is, yeah, it's exploitative, but at the same time, for many people who find themselves attracted to these opportunities for income, it's far less exploitative than working in a sweatshop. It's far less exploitive than working in dangerous manual work that has the chance of injury. If the worst possibility of injury is repetitive strain injury on your mouse hands, that sure as hell beats working in a mine. Or what just the case for millions, you get a menial job in Dubai and they take your passport and now you can never leave and you're literally a slave. Yeah, exactly. And I'm sure they take passports of gamer farmers too, but just recently I was reading that they have like 9,000 people who have died in Dubai and they can't tell why these migrant workers died. So again, it's one of those things where you're like, is this a good thing? Is this a bad thing? And it's kind of a bit of a mixed bag, but it does give opportunities to a lot of people. Ironically, I think this is essentially the entire plot of Ready Player One. And we're beginning to see this emerge in real life. And at the same time, even if you don't like this happening, what we've seen in practice is that you can't stop secondary markets from emerging, even when the game companies that are building these systems don't want them. So the question is, would you rather have a secondary market that is part of the game and properly manage than a shadow market emerging that has nothing to do with the game? Back to my story for just a second. So the kid from Texas dropped out and I was like, okay, that totally makes sense. He kind of didn't tell me he was dropping out, he just kind of stopped reporting in after like a day. And I was like, hey, you've got something better to do, no hard feelings on our side. And so he was like, oh, yeah, I got a job with Uber Eats, I'm gonna go do that. And I was like, okay, that totally makes sense. And it simplified things for me because I'm doing this through one of my companies just again as an experiment. But like the taxable consequences of working with someone in Texas on this versus working with someone in the Philippines on this are pretty different. So one of the initial people who I was working with was like, hey, my brother would like to do this too. Can we bring him in? And I was like, well, I've got these creatures. So yes, you can bring him in and let's just see how it goes. And pretty much all of the people who I'm working with now, you know, these three of the two brothers and then the computer science students have all basically said that as soon as I want to grow this effort on my side, that they have people who are very anxious to get in and who they would like me to work with. So I have no intention of expanding this. Again, like this is experimental for me. I did the math on it and it would be possible under certain circumstances to actually use this to make a pretty decent return. But again, the way the economics of the game of working doesn't really support it. And frankly, I just don't have the time. It's the big part. But in the Philippines, this has gotten to be kind of increasingly important because one of the things that you can do with the tokens that you earn from playing this game, whether you're a player on the one side or whether you're someone who's providing these assets on the other side is you can actually breed axes. And by breeding these creatures, it has costs associated with it. But if you're lending your assets to people who are then earning most of what you need in order to do the breeding, then it kind of presents this really interesting self-reinforcing cycle where the more of these tokens that people earn who are working with you on your assets, the more creatures you can then create, which means you can then have more people working with you on this in the same way. And again, you kind of go back and forth between this, is this empowering? Is this disempowering? And kind of where is the balance between that? But again, whether it's because people are forced to take this because they have no better options or they're actually, they like it, kind of doesn't matter. It does seem like it's the best option that's available. And as we know, people will take the best option available.  You're not wrong. There are definitely elements that are like that, which is just the expansion of the supply. So I'll talk about the final element. So I mentioned you need smooth love potions or SLP in order to do breeding. You also need AXS tokens, which are the AXI token. I've never owned an AXS token. Apparently they were sold during the crowdsale, but they're not awarded during gameplay. And so I have none of these. And as it stands today, in order to get the four tokens that you would need, not including the SLP, costs about 200 to $250. They're about 40 or $60 each. So that right there kind of puts a stop to it. And I think that that's the cap that prevents a lot of this stuff from happening, Andreas. But to your point, I mean, again, this idea that this is all about creating more AXS, which then allows more people to come in. But if you think about it from the perspective of the AXI game and the company that's developing it, I mean, it all drives use, right? It all drives more and more people to come in and use this. And so long as there are more people coming in that want to use this than there are creatures that are being created or at least relative to the rate, then it seems like it's a pretty good decision on their part. I mean, there's a very, very vague great line between this and Herbalife, which is listed on the stock exchange, right? You know, the difference between a pyramid scheme and a successful business is whether they can get away with it or not. But kidding aside, I mean, I do think it's a very interesting concept and it's inevitable that more and more game economies are going to become financialized through a combination of NFTs, tokens, and in-game assets in this way. And what they're going to do is mobilize kind of the productive potential of people who have fewer better options and are willing to engage in this professionally. So I'm going to read us just a little bit of an op as it was posted to CoinDesk recently, which is entitled, Some Filipino merchants prefer payments in Axis SLP. This, I thought, really kind of drives the point home to me. So I'm quoting from this, a quick quiz on social media turns up a bunch of advertisements for all sorts of things you can buy in the Philippines with SLP. These include a pair of sneakers, a Sneaky X, a car service that adds garage, a polishing at Eco Wash, insurance renewals, at an insurance agency, a COVID-19 test, a dermatitis treatment at a doctor's office, an outfit for your toddler at Little Blossoms, a gift from Solid Toys, a laptop upgrade from Moran, a massage chair, a milk tea, a plate of dumplings, a session with online fitness coaches. And I'm going to continue, this is a different quote. The minting and acquisition of SLP has become an everyday task for lots of people. So it's useful to be able to spend it as an everyday currency, said Joseph Moore. He's referring to the obscure ERC-20 token originating from within the game, Axie Infinity, which has become the source of light layout for many Filipinos. The relevant part here is that if they cash it out to Filipino pesos, which is the local currency, then they tend to pay exchange rates that take about eight to 10% of the actual value relative to just the value. But what's happened is that all of the places that I just mentioned, those people who operate those stores aren't collecting it and immediately converting it into local currency. They are collecting it because they are actually Axie breeders. And so they collect it and then they actually use it to generate more money for themselves by creating further creatures, which then allow them to kind of expand it. So as a kind of both a new form of work, and then also as a sort of cultural phenomenon where they're simply not leaving the SLP ecosystem and are actually bringing much of the Philippines economy increasing proportion of it into that. We also saw the Philippines regulator come out and say the other day that remember everybody, this stuff is taxable and you have to report on this stuff. So again, of the, I believe, 500,000 daily active players that this game has, more than 250,000 of them are in the Philippines. And that number is growing very rapidly as more news about this comes out. Like I said, if you go to the subreddit for Axie scholarships, you will see hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of people who are very interested in changing what they do professionally now to do this. I have some people working on video production and editing for me, who are based in the Philippines. And one of the things that I've really struggled with is persuading them to receive payments in Bitcoin instead of via the traditional banking system. And I'm currently horrified by the idea that they might be preferentially inclined to receiving payment in SLP instead of Bitcoin. That's my first thought on this, which is that this is really hurting my brain. The other part of this is I've always struggled throughout my life to explain what I do for a living to my family. And so I can just imagine the conversation of a Philippine young person who is now trying to explain to their elderly parents. No, no, listen, dad, this is real money. I'm getting my dermatitis treatments based on the virtual currency that I've mined from breeding virtual animals on the internet through a series of subcontractors who farm this money for me. And I'm like, okay, I had it hard explaining my profession to my dad, now that's a real challenge. So one of the interesting things about this phenomenon of businesses in the Philippines actually accepting SLP is that this is not universal, but in many cases they are not pegging into the current conversion rate. Instead what they're doing is they're setting prices based on how much utility the token would actually give them. So in order to breed one pair of creatures that have never been bred before because the more they breed, the more expensive it becomes to breed them costs 300 SLP, so 150 SLP per creature. And now we've reached the absurd point of our virtual animal breeding, farming, sweatshop, third world country currency having a stable coin. A stable coin that's not stable with any other currency, but that's stable with the cost of breeding more of the creatures that you're talking about. Yes, that's it, exactly. Well, once they create a stable coin, they're gonna need a monetary authority with a central bank and then they're gonna need to fractionally lend it out. So they're gonna have chartered institutions that the central bank issues these stable coins to. Breaking news, President Duterte has now released an executive directive that the central bank of the Philippines sell back part of its currency reserve in SLP stable coins. Okay, so there's so much good stuff in this article in this particular op-ed. It's gonna be linked in the show of this episode. So if you haven't read this, go ahead and read it, but I wanna read one more part from it. The big of the boys, which is one of the businesses that accepted say their customers tend to assess the price of SLP in terms of the effort, it would take them to earn it. If a baking experience, which is what this particular vendor sells, costs 150 SLP, they might say quote, oh, 150 SLP, that's just my daily quest. Living in the Philippines, I've seen this tendency to value SLP in relation to real world items too. It seems the player community cares less about how much SLP is worth in terms of Philippine pesos or US dollars. A friend of mine on his first day of playing acts, he excitedly told me he had earned three chicken joys in just a few hours. If you already know that chicken joys a popular item on the menu at the much loved fast food store in the Philippines called Jollibee, you'll also know that this is a highly relatable and culturally relevant unit of account understood instantly by Filipinos everywhere, end quote. I mean, it's the Chick-fil-A of the Philippines. Right, so like they're looking at this in terms of how much effort do I put in relative to the other types of work that I might do. So anyways, we don't have to belabor at this point. I just find the whole thing really fascinating because we've never seen a cryptocurrency seemingly break through in the way that perhaps SLP is in the Philippines right now. So I asked two of the people who were using my axes in order to do this a couple of questions. I said, why was this something you wanted to do and where did you hear about it? And so basically this person whom I'm gonna call Chris said that before they played the game, they watched their friends play the game a lot. They saw what their friends were earning and they kind of learned about it even though they couldn't play it since they didn't have access to it and that was kind of what brought them into it. Another person who I work with who's named Brye basically said the same thing. They said, I always wanted to play Axie but I didn't have the financials to start. I'm a college student and I heard about it for my friends months ago. They said that I can earn money while playing and since I'm a gamer for as long as I remember I wanted to earn money playing the game. So I then asked what do you hope to accomplish? What is your goal? And Chris said, day by day I need to accomplish the task and adventure in Axie because it gives me the most SLP that I can earn. My goal in Axie is to basically become very good at winning in player to player combat because that maximizes the amount of money that they can earn. Brye said, I hope to make our relationship as your scholar good and smooth with respect. I also want to accomplish doing partnerships with me because I have knowledge of the game. To be practical, my goal is to earn money for myself and also help my family because of this pandemic. I realized that maybe Axie is a thing that will help me in so far it is. I asked them then, what do you think of this whole thing? Is this important? And Chris said, it's a very interesting game where you can play and earn some money and convert it to real money. So yes, it's important. It helps investors and someone who needs financial to help each other and gain at the same time. Managers invest in the amount of money and wait for the day he or she will earn while the scholar needs to accomplish the task and gets paid for that more than they can earn without it. And my final question to them was, are there any other thoughts or observations that you have? And Chris said, right now, I think Axie wants to minimize the SLP game by players talking about kind of strategy within the game because shortly after this, actually, they decreased the amount of SLP that was possible to earn in absolute terms because again, the game has been growing very rapidly and there were lots of creatures coming out of the market. They did that to try and control it. If the supply of SLP is higher, then the price must be lower to balance vice versa. And Bry said, my thoughts are that the crypto world is going bigger because Axie Infinity is so famous and has lots of players based off my research. The total of Axie Infinity players is more than a million. Axie Infinity for me is a big opportunity, specifically for students who don't have the power to invest a large amount of money but who want to earn returns that they can't achieve otherwise.  But again, broadly speaking, it seems like they were seeing as a very empowering thing, right? And a thing that, again, given the options they had available makes sense. So I kind of want to wind it down just because again, it takes a little bit of time and I have so much stuff going on. But on the other hand, they really want to do it. And I kind of feel like it's no skin off my back to just sit here and let them do it. So I'm not asking for judgments about whether I've done a good thing or a bad thing here but I'm very curious. Again, like this feels like it's a trend that's going to extend beyond Axie because the inequalities that we're talking about that are driving this trend are not localized to the Philippines even and are likely not going to go away. As the world becomes more networked, as the internet penetrates deeper and speeds increase, it feels like there will be more of these sorts of islands that pop up, not literal islands, but sort of islands that were not previously exposed to the internet, but now by nature of that have access to financial opportunities that can't really be matched locally. So what do you guys think? I think what's really interesting about all of this is that many of the opportunities in crypto require capital investment to take advantage of. And the ones that are most interesting for the developing world are the ones that don't require capital where you can, to use a VC term, invest with sweat equity. You can work your way to earning some kind of crypto return. And all of these schemes in the short term provide some kind of excitement, whether it's clicking on ads, whether it's mechanical Turk type assignments, whether it's gamifying various processes, whether it's enabling AI training or any other kind of tasks like that. What it shows is that there is a vast demand for things where people can earn money for their labor online, remotely in places where they have no better opportunities. And that's fantastic. I mean, that's basically the opening of world markets for labor. And I think that's a great opportunity for many people. I feel that in most of these cases, what happens is these platforms have a short period of very, very rapid rise to popularity and then they get arbitraged effectively to death and they collapse because there is always someone willing to work for less money because of the dire conditions they're in and the desperation that exists in many places in the world. So it simply isn't sustainable. And then another platform rises in its place and another platform rises in its place. We saw something very similar with the early faucets that would give out small amounts of capital and many of the altcoins that had similar strategies with faucets, with airdrops, airdrops are enormously popular throughout the developing world for the same reason. Even if they involve clicking through hours and hours of various things in order to get to the faucet, people will do that. So I think this is a continuing trend. It's gonna keep happening. I don't think any of these platforms are sustainable in themselves, but the broader trends of people looking to find ways to earn access to international markets of capital and in the form of crypto, simply by working for that, that is going to keep increasing. I wanna go back to a point that you made earlier, Andreas, which is that this has elements of their pyramid, where you get creatures, you get people to use your creatures and you create more creatures and then more people can come in and can use your creatures and more. And so again, on the one hand, that is pyramid. On the other hand, the way that they've arranged the economics around this makes me think that we're talking about the size of this. And again, depending on what metrics you use, somewhere between 500,000 and a million and a half people actually play this game. The global population of people who would like to play this game in that context has gotta be several orders of magnitude above that number that they have today. So if it is MLME, then at what point does that actually become a problem? Because again, when I look at projects in the crypto space, I see one thing that is repeated that I believe is reliable, which is that when a new project comes along and it breaks open in a use case that has not previously been recognized as a use case, but that turns out to be popular. And I would really only say that this is Bitcoin with the money use case or the historic value use case these days. And I think Ethereum with the kind of everything else on a single platform use case, right? The cross-defy NFTs, et cetera. Ethereum has kind of won that for the time being. And it might lose certain parts of it, but just broadly, the reason why this is so powerful is because when you have one of these platforms that's the first platform, then when somebody new comes into the space and they say, where do I want to put my time, money and attention, then there's two things that happen. One, they either pick the project that is the obvious one, the Bitcoin or the Ethereum, or they are like, well, that's too expensive. I want to pick something that is like that. An Ethereum killer, for example, is what we call them. Ethereum or Bitcoin killer. And I'm gonna bet on that because even though it's not the dominant platform right now, I think that it has this feature and that feature and that feature that's gonna make it so that this is gonna be the one that wins. And so far at least, and again, we're very early in kind of the life cycle of cryptocurrency as a movement, but so far we've never actually seen one of these dominant platforms be replaced. I would also put Tether in this category, I guess. Although again, we may see perhaps the first one of these that falls out. Now, I look at Axie Infinity and I see kind of the same thing, which is that it's the obvious currently working and where the economics do seem to work and it's been around long enough to have kind of proven itself out version of this play to earn model. And so there are lots and lots of games that are right now kind of chasing this and they see the success that's there perhaps we're even building it beforehand and they are seeking to kind of tap into that same movement. But I'm not convinced that that's actually gonna happen. I think that perhaps Axie Infinity is the Bitcoin of its category because all the other projects will have to compete in order to be noticed. Whereas Axie is just the obvious one. If you're reading about play to earn, chances are pretty good. You're reading about Axie Infinity. Just like if you're reading about like a money that is basically cryptocurrency, you're reading about Bitcoin most of the time. So although it does have these characteristics that make it feel like it might not be sustainable over the long term, I think that maybe that's a number or maybe that's a problem that's so far out that it doesn't even really matter right now. I feel like this might be what it feels like to just get old because it's like what the kids are doing, like this obviously is the scam. Where's the intrinsic value? Like it's not sustainable. I don't get it. It makes no sense. And so I'm not saying it isn't fundamentally broken. I'm not saying it isn't gonna change the world. I'm not saying either of those things. I'm just saying I think this might be what getting old begins to feel like. As the youngest person in this discussion, I will take that with a grain of salt. And to be clear, you're the youngest person in this discussion, Jonathan. Just in case you're wondering. You know, Adam, I'm pretty sure the listeners know that the fact that you had to qualify that meant that you're very clearly older than me. Yeah, exactly. Exactly. But it's definitely the thing that comes with age is establishing that you're definitely a couple years older than someone else. Okay, anyway, folks, that's pretty much it for this one. Like I said, it's something that I think we're probably gonna see a lot more of. And one of the questions I'll be watching, like I said, is actually infinity the Bitcoin of its class or is this just a moment in time where this use case is being revealing and turns out play-to-earn gaming doesn't work like some of the other kind of significant network effects that we've seen. Because again, like actually infinity is not its own blockchain. Actually infinity is a blockchain that uses Ethereum and then has a side chain, but it doesn't have the network effects in the same way that I think that you see with these other products. So anyway, if you're interested in learning more, just look up play-to-earn, just like read about it, understand it. It's very, very interesting. I found the whole experiment to be really fascinating. And to a certain degree, rewarding, just in terms of getting to know people and getting to understand situations that I don't really have expertise in or exposure to on a regular basis. I think that's the one conclusion that we can reach with confidence, which is that while this platform may rise fast and then drop just as fast and fizzle out, the overall trend for play-to-earn, for any kind of sweat equity financial participation platforms that break down barriers to entry, that break down border controls that allow people to earn a living using online resources in less dehumanizing work conditions than manual labor, will continue to grow and will continue to flourish in wave after wave after wave. Unfortunately, a lot of them will be pyramid schemes and a lot of them will be scams, but ultimately, there is enormous demand for this. What if this becomes the future of the AI economy where everyone's like the future, everything's gonna get so automated that there's just gonna be 20, 30% of people perpetually unemployed? What if we just create virtual media labor? And this whole like pay-to-earn thing is just like a literal structural reinvention of moderately low, middle to lower, higher income, menial labor. And as we get rid of all the truck-driving jobs, we'll get more of these like pay-to-earn jobs to replace it in the meta economy. Yeah, I wanna have a conversation in the not too distant future when we get Stephanie back about kind of the snow crash world that we're kind of moving into, right? And snow crash, again, like if you haven't read that as a book and you're in the crypto space, do yourself a favor or read that. So much about what's being done in terms of metaverse stuff, in terms of much of the vision of many of the people who have built out a lot of this stuff has been influenced by, frankly, other Neil Stevenson books as well, but snow crash in particular. But it's not all positive. If you wanna know the direction of the next 10 years, just read Snow Crash 1984 and Brave New World and then bang your head against the wall for 10 years. Yeah, and Ready Player One and Ready Player Two are ultimately their dystopian novels. And they describe exactly this kind of play-to-earn ecosystem. And they describe it explicitly as a dystopian system. So that's coming up on a future episode. It'd be a lot of fun to have that conversation. All right, folks, that's all the time we have for this episode of Speaking of Bitcoin. Thank you very much for listening. Today's show featured Andrea Santanopoulos, Jonathan Mohan, myself, Anthony Lapine. Today's show featured music by Jared Rubins and Gertie Beats, and it was edited by Jonas. If you have any questions or comments, send us an email at Adam at speakingofbitcoin.show. And thanks again for listening. See you next time.


A mobile health app called PreventConnect has been designed to assess patient behaviors related to unhealthy eating, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, and tobacco consumption, and provide personalized recommendations and digital health interventions for improving behavior. The app was deemed of good quality by a panel of 52 users, with a mean UMR score of four on a five-point Likert scale. The functionality and information content of the app were particularly appreciated, and more than three-quarters of the study participants found the app content relevant, concise, and comprehensive. Overall, 80 percent, 42-52, of the study participants declared that the app helped them to become aware of the importance of addressing health behavior, and 65 percent, 34-52, said that the app helped motivate them to change lifestyle habits. However, the impact of the app on behavior changes is yet to be demonstrated and will be assessed in further studies. This article was authored by Dabiya Acker, Karima Setki, Sylvie DePree, and others.


Hey this is Brett and this 2015 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box Laramie is stock number 12687Z. We're here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy duty truck and Ram headquarters. This 2015 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box Laramie has the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine. This truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. Probably one of the cleanest 2015's you'll find anywhere. And we're going to go all the way around underneath, start it up, and take a look under the hood and inside of the truck in this video. Granite Crystal Metallic is the color and we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality condition options and cleanliness of the truck before seeing it in person. You're definitely going to want to turn those HD capabilities on this truck for how clean this thing is underneath. And if you like the video and how we do things here at Summit Automotive in the upper right hand part of the screen, there's a subscribe button to our YouTube channel. Click that and then click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos we do each and every day. This one comes with the Fuel 20 inch painted and chromed alloy rims. And it has Open Country Toyo RT tires. These are 37 by 13 and a half R20LTs. These tires have probably about I would say 60% of the tread left on them, maybe even a little bit more. And look at how clean that frame and under body is. This thing is very, very nice underneath. It does have a little bit of a Bilstein lift on it and looks really good. Now these tires are rated at 65 PSI, so that will be important for a little bit later in the video. But I just wanted to point that out. Front fender is absolutely perfect. It does come with the projector lamp, headlamps, the LED running lights, and factory fog lights. The bumper is in excellent shape. I didn't see any dents or dings on there. And you do get the chrome trimmed grille on this truck. The hood, excellent condition as well. And you do get the clearance lights or cab lights up there. Passenger side front fender, very nice and clean. And the passenger side rim, no major scuffs or scrapes. This guy even went all out and got the ram valve stem covers on this truck. And as you go down this side of the 2015 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box Laramie, take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos, so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the truck, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises, and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if this video helps you make that decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video, that it was helpful, and that Brett sent you. Now the back tires have just about as much tread as the front tires, maybe just a hair bit less, but very close. Frame and underbody, like I said, is absolutely perfect. I mean this thing looks like it just rolled off the showroom floor, and it's seven years old. Look at that, wow, very, very nice. It does have power boards on it, and the other thing that's kind of neat about this truck is that it has the 3M rock guard, so this is like a, you can kind of see where it has hit, some rocks have hit it, but it's a 3M tape, a clear tape that goes over the doors and on the lower rockers to keep them from getting all rock chipped and corroding. Come now on the passenger side box, looks really good. You get the chrome tipped exhaust coming around to the back, rear bumper is in nice shape, no dents or dings, back up parking sensors, full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring, tailgate is in excellent shape too, and that Ram Logo matches the valve stem covers. Comes with a spray and bed liner, which was done by Akins, spray and bed liners, wherever that's at, and you get a UWS toolbox back here as well that comes with the truck. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly, and as you go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger side, no dents or dings on the box, and for full disclosure this back rim is in excellent shape as well. I did want to point out one thing on the back, you can see that it does have LED lights in those back up sensors, it also has LED lights in the license plate, I'm sorry LED lights in the back up lights, and LED lights in the license plate lights as well. So that's important because these trucks did not come with LED lights from the factory or really capable of having those, but they work, it's just when we get into the instrument cluster I'll show you. It has the heated fold up mirrors, so they fold up like so, they are heated, built in directional signals, and they also fold in like so. Inside the Laramie package gives you the tan leather interior, and yes this interior is just as nice as the exterior. You get the Laramie embossed backrest, no rips, no tears on the seats, very little to know where, and it does have memory driver seat, factory, all weather floor mats, you can see those power running boards, they're AMP research which is kind of the only real name in power running boards, but they're in nice condition. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors, and these mirrors do power fold in, so I just like showing both sides so that you know that both sides are working nicely. You also get the wood grain trim and the light tan leather insert there, a little hop inside, check out the miles radio, and everything that this truck has to offer. So I said that this one has the 65 PSI max on those tires, why that is important is because right when we started up here, it's going to tell you, well once we start the truck up, it'll tell you that our tire pressures are low in the back because they want to be at 80, and the tires are only rated for 65. Also the lights, it'll tell you that it has a brake light out, and it will also tell you that it has a backup light out, or I'm sorry a license plate light out and a backup light out, but they do work, I checked them before the video. So anyways this truck has 32,088 miles, digital speedometer, compass, outside temp display and you can change those corners to read whatever you want. Comes with the heated leather wrap steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, audio controls on the back, and just look at that steering wheel, that thing looks like it's never been used. This truck is in amazing condition, six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift, comes with the 8.43C radio, AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities on here. I saw it has the factory navigation system, heated and cooled seats, heated steering wheel button, and this is also where your backup camera shows up, and you can see that that is working nicely. So down here are your climate controls, see it says license plate light out, and then I'll tell you that the tire pressures are off in the back, but the tire pressure sensors are reading correctly. Turned out four wheel drive, dual climate controls, factory brake controller, heated and cooled seat buttons, heated steering wheel buttons, stability control, tow haul, factory exhaust brake, and your backup parking sensors, you can turn those off and on. Does have 115 volt, 150 watt plug-in, keyless entry with remote start, and it does have the Alpine premium sound system. Headliners side floor mat and seat are in excellent condition, no rips or tears on there, smells very clean inside this truck, I don't think it's ever been smoked in. Headliners absolutely perfect, you can see it does have the speakers in the ceiling, part of that Alpine sound system. You do get map lights, power sliding rear window button, and home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, 911 and assist buttons in the rear room here. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we will start it up and take a look under the hood.  Storage underneath the seats, you get in-floor storage with removable bins for easy cleaning, you can put ice and drinks in there, it's like you have too many coolers or just extra storage, and you do get side curtain airbags on this truck. The safety locks on the back doors and the bottoms of the doors are absolutely perfect. We'll start it up and take a look under the hood, starts right up and other than the tire pressure light, no check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to verify the quality and condition of this truck all the way around, inside and out, see how the lights are working nicely. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine, engine based very clean runs very smooth, once again this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been tracked and topped off. This truck is 100% ready to go, there is your emissions sticker. You want to show you the door stickers and then the back lights, show you that those are working, so you get your VIN sticker right here, then your tire pressure and loading sticker is right there, so you can see that those license plate lights are indeed working and the taillights are working and this truck is 100% ready to go. I would highly, highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint, I don't think you will find a cleaner 2015 anywhere and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, halftones, three quarter tons, one tons, you name it we got to go to that website right there www.summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at www.summitauto.com and if you would like to check out more HD videos you can go to www.youtube.com or www.summitauto.com, remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there, click the bell notifications you'll get updates on the videos we do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on the upper left, a link to more Ram 2500 truck videos like this on the upper right, link to this vehicle on our website on the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right. Click those check us out and we're super excited to help you with this ultra ultra clean 2015 Ram 2500 crew cab short box Laramie and Granite Crystal Metallic. Thanks again for checking out the video remember to like, subscribe and share.


This video will deal with the square root property. So we have our x's here. We want to fill in our table because this is going to lead us into solving these equations. So 2 squared is going to be 4 and then the square root of x squared is really undoing. They undo each other. So if I undo 4, I go back to the 2 and 3 squared would be 9. This is really saying that the square root of 4 over here was equal to 2. 3 squared equal 9, so the square root of 9 would take us back to the 3. 6 squared is 36 and really saying the square root of 36, well 6 times itself is 36, so we get back to 6 and 10 squared would be 100. So the square undoes the square root, so we're just back to 10 and then 11 would be 121 and the square root of 121 is going to be 11. Another way to think about this is the square root of 4 is the square root of 2 squared and the square root of 2 squared, the square root, cancel each other out and you have 2. Again this would be like the square root of 3 squared, but the square and the square root cancel each other out and you're just left with 3. So the square root property states that if we have an x squared equal to k, or k is some constant, then when we solve we can take the square root of both sides because the square root of x squared will give us just plain old x and that's what we're trying to solve for. But we have to remember, do not forget this plus or minus. We have to have both cases because we don't know if a positive is squared to get a positive number or a negative is squared to get a positive number. So we have the square root, or x squared equals 64, so it's a constant on this side equal to x squared over here. So we can take the square root of both sides and this will give me x because the square and the square root cancel each other out and that's plus or minus and the square root of 64, 8 square root of 64 so it would be plus or minus 8. Now we have a problem because I have both the constant and the x squared on one side so I need to take my constant to the other side so I have to add the 36 to both sides. So positive 36 goes on this side and now I'm ready to take the square root of both sides so the square root of x squared equal to plus or minus the square root of 36. Well the square and the square root cancel each other out so we have x equal to plus or minus and we know what the square root of 36 is, that happens to be 6. Now we have our x squared term and our constant on the opposite sides but I've got this coefficient that I don't like. I didn't say a x squared it said x squared equal k so I have to divide both sides by 3 before I can do anything else. So I have to get the square variable all by itself and then I'm ready to say the square root of x squared is equal to plus or minus the square root of 9 and again the square and the square root cancel each other out leaving me with x equal to plus or minus and square root of 9 would be 3, 3 times 3 is 9. Now this looks like a cute little graphic but what I'm trying to show you is it doesn't matter what squared on this side if it's equal to k if I take the square root of both sides plus or minus on the constant side then I'm just going to have this nice little cute happy face because the square is going to cancel the square root equal to plus or minus k I can only draw as cute as that thing is. So when we have something that looks like this it's something squared all by itself equal to 7 or a constant so I can take the square root of the something as long as it doesn't have a coefficient on it anything squared and then plus or minus the square root of 7 and the square is going to cancel the square root leaving us with the x minus 9 and then we have plus or minus 7 square root of 7. Well now I have to get x by itself but if I'm subtracting 9 remember that just means that I have to add 9 to both sides so this gives me x and on this side the square root of 7 and 9 I can't combine them because they're not both integers so I have 9 plus or minus and I don't know what the square root of 7 is so I just leave it as the square root of 7. So x is equal to 9 plus or minus the square root of 7. Again I have a quantity squared there's nothing outside of the parentheses so this too is a coefficient is okay. I'm just ready to take the square root of both sides now. So the square root of 2x minus 3 quantity squared is equal to plus or minus the square root of 16 my pins are starting to drag. Square cancels the square root so we have what's underneath the radical equal to plus or minus and I know the square root of 16 so right away I'm going to say plus or minus 4. Now it's just an equation I'm really solving 2x minus 3 plus or equal to positive 4 and 2x minus 3 equal to negative 4 so add 3 to both sides 2x will be equal to 7 and when I divide by 2 x is equal to 7 halves that's one of my answers and I add 3 to both sides again that this time I've got negative 4 on the other side so 2x will be equal to negative 1 divided by 2 and x is equal to negative 1 half so what happens when I have x squared equal to a negative number if I take the square root of both sides square root of x squared is equal to plus or minus the square root of negative 7 let me rewrite that 7 negative 7 then this square root will cancel the square again and leave me with x but the square root of negative 7 is undefined it's not a real number okay we could also say it's not real so if that's the case there is no solution I can't answer it with a real number so I don't have a solution so anytime you end up with x squared equal to a negative number you can't have an answer because you can't take the square root of a negative number now over here it looks like our difference of squares because they're both perfect squares but this little sum is going to make all the difference if we go back and think about it a would be x x times x would be x squared and b would be 5 but I have a positive 5 which means that this has to be the same sign as the middle and that's kind of funny anyway I'd have x and x and so a lot of people would want to say plus 5 and plus 5 since it's a positive 25 but if I do my outside terms that gives me 5x and if I do my inside terms that's another 5x and it should be 10x which is not what my problem has so you cannot factor this would be prime or no solution actually would probably be better because you cannot factor x squared plus a perfect square


What's up, everyone? Takedown here. Welcome back to another video. Today, I'm going to be answering a question that is highly requested on my channel for my PS4 tech and how-to videos, and it's something that's so easy. This is going to be a quick video, and in my opinion, I'm not too sure why people are asking because, to me, it's pretty much common sense. But the question is, how to play a PS4 games on your PlayStation 5? Let's just get right into this. So, how to play PS4 games on your PS5? It is very much the same as playing PS4 games on your PS4. For digital games, you're going to want to head to the PlayStation 5 game library. You're going to press on the icon with the down arrow and the three lines.  It is just that simple. The same is downloading and game sharing with a friend on the PlayStation 4. You simply go into the library and download all of the games that you want. Whenever you sign into the PlayStation 5, it goes and it remembers all of the games that you purchased on the PlayStation Store, all of the digital games that you've purchased. So, all you do on PlayStation 5 is go in to your library and download all of the games you want. Now, you don't have to go and select Platform and select PS4. You can go through, but that will also list all of the PS5 games that you have as well. If you go through, do step-by-step what I just shared with you. It will show you only the PS4 only games. So, that is how you do the digital games. Now, how to do physical games on the PS5? How to play your PS4 physical games on your PlayStation 5? Number one, you can only do this if you have a disc version of the PS5. If you have the digital version, you can't play disc games on it. That should be common sense. I don't know why people are asking me that, but I did have to mention that because people are still asking. So, what you do if you have a disc version of the PS5 and you want to play a disc PS4 game, you're going to insert the PS4 disc into the PS5 and it should start downloading as it would if you inserted it for the first time on your PlayStation 4. It should automatically download, start the download and once it's done, then you can play that game. Now, just like the PlayStation 4, to play that game on the PS5, you have to insert the disc every time and that's what people don't realize which is probably why people are asking the question. They thought since it is a PS4 game, you insert it. They thought maybe they don't have to put the disc in every time to play it. That's not the case. You do have to insert it just like the PS4 and to download any of the games, whether it's digitally or physical copies, it's the same exact as you do for the first time on your PS4. You just go into the library and download it or you insert the disc and download it. Don't really know why people are asking me how to do this, but I did want to make a response video sharing how to do this, so now you guys can do it yourself and stop commenting on some of my other videos because now I finally made a video talking about it. So guys, in the next video, please take care. Peace.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discuss the following question which says find dy by dx if y is equal to sin inverse of x into square root of 1 minus x minus square root x into square root 1 minus x square the whole. Before we move on to the solution, let's discuss one formula which is sin of a minus b is equal to sin a into cos b minus cos a into sin b and we also have d by dx of sin inverse x is equal to 1 upon square root of 1 minus x square. This is the key idea that we use in this question. Let's move on to the solution now. We are given that y is equal to sin inverse of x into square root of 1 minus x minus square root x into square root of 1 minus x square the whole and we have to find dy by dx. First of all we suppose 3 equal to sin a and square root x is equal to sin b. Now using these values of x and square root x in this we get y is equal to and inverse of x where we put sin a into square root of 1 minus x and here in place of x we can put sin square b. Since we know that square root x is sin b so x would be sin square b. So here we have 1 minus sin square b minus square root x which is sin b into square root of 1 minus x square and in place of x we put sin a so 1 minus sin square a the whole. So further we have y is equal to sin inverse of into square root of 1 minus sin square b would be cos b since we know that sin square a plus cos square a is equal to 1 and from here we have cos square a is equal to square root of 1 minus sin square a minus sin b into cos a. Now for the key idea we have sin of a minus b is equal to sin a cos b minus cos a sin b. So using this in place of y is equal to sin inverse of sin of a minus b this means we have y is equal to a minus b. Now as we had assumed x to be equal to sin a so from here we can say that a is equal to sin inverse x so y is equal to sin inverse x minus b is assumed to be square root x so b would be equal to sin inverse of square root by dx is equal to b by dx of a inverse that is we have is equal to b by dx of minus b by dx of inverse square root x. Now we already know that b by dx of sin inverse x is equal to 1 upon square root of 1 minus x square so using this we get b by dx is equal to 1 upon 1 minus x square 1 upon square root of 1 minus square root x be whole square into b by dx of this gives us by dx is equal to 1 upon square root of 1 minus x square 1 upon square root of 1 minus x into b by dx of square root x would be 1 upon 2 into square root x. b by dx is equal to 1 upon square root of 1 minus x square minus 1 upon 2 into square root x into square root of 1 minus x c value of d y by dx so this is our final answer this complete c session hope you have understood the solution of this question.