Johnny dollar. I don't think you're gonna like this Johnny. No. No, sir. Oh, it can't be that bad Can't you don't what you don't know won't hurt you they always say well they do and since I don't know what you're talking about or even who you are Huh? Oh, sorry. I kind of got ahead of myself a little ahead of me, too This is Tim Harrington Johnny down in Knoxville, Tennessee. Yes, sir eternity a mutual insurance company. Well, how are you Tim? What's this? I'm supposed to start losing sleep over alfie's Brannigan Brannigan Now don't tell me you've forgotten him wait a minute at least I hope you haven't That hot-headed young kid who got five to seven for embezzlement a while back That's right about three years ago. You yourself ran him down for sure I remember now on a tip you got from that pretty young wife of his yes, Mary Marilyn was her name nice girl and pretty too And do you remember what alpha had to say when the judge toss that sentence at him? Oh the usual yak about getting even wasn't it that sort of thing getting even not only with you Johnny But with her and that poor kid has been worried about the day he get out ever since the day he went in well He still has a couple years to go hasn't he so what's the big right? No, it's not what alpha Brannigan got out of the pen a couple weeks ago No kidding made a break a smart kid like that. No, sir He just made like an angel for a while and they gave him all that time off for so-called good behavior You ask me Johnny they were suckers because if you really remember that boy Yeah, I see what you mean and his wife is a kind of ours. You mean he's already got to her. I don't know Well, somebody better contact her and find out that's why I'm calling you Johnny What do you mean? Haven't you been in touch with her? No, we can't find her But if he does get to her before you do I say no more to me. I'm on my way Radio network brings you Mandel Kramer in the exciting adventures of the man with the action-pact expense account America's fabulous freelance insurance investigator yours truly Johnny dollar Johnny dollar to return to the mutual insurance company Knoxville, Tennessee office Following isn't a kind of expenses incurred during my investigation of the wrong idea matter Airport some 12 miles southeast of Knoxville So item two is a dollar thirty five for limousine service that dropped me off at Tim Harrington's front door Hi Tim sit down sit down. I'll get right to this all right now Tim. Let's get one thing I know I know Johnny Marilyn Brannigan's policy has a face value of only 7500 and on account of what happened with her husband She's named her brother Charlie over in Memphis beneficiary. That isn't what I was about a client's a client And we got a protector if we aren't too late too late for what for what? Johnny now listen to him when you've heard as many of those wild courtroom threats as I have well After a while you just don't pay too much attention to them anymore Well, I do I was right there in that courtroom. So was I I not only heard what Alpha Brannigan said But I saw the way that he said he was just a hot-headed kid, you know that 10 I can see it in my mind I right now After the judge hit him with that sentence He turned around real slow and with a look on his face like I've never seen before It was cold as ice Johnny Like a snake a body in the courtroom made a sound Tim He looked across at that brand-new little wife of his Marilyn She was sitting there in the front row with her head down He just stared at her until she looked up at him. I know Tim and then without moving a muscle except in his mouth He said I looked he said just remember one thing Marilyn One of these days I'm going to get out again and when I do he said you'll see Well, okay, but then he turned over to where you sat and that goes for you $2 for you to reset Just a red-headed hot-headed Excitable kid not when he said that he wasn't he was cold as high as Johnny He wasn't kidding all right him. So what the first time she paid him a visit there at the penny told her He was sorry. Oh, sir. He tried to be a good boy. He said some I'll make up for what he done Oh, it's always happened. No, sir. You're wrong Johnny 100% am I because in all that time up there She never saw him once Not once not once and you know why Why because he wouldn't let her because he wouldn't see her wouldn't have anything to do with her no letters No, nothing and that's why in all these last couple of years when I've talked to her. She's been just plain worried sick Then a couple of weeks ago when he got out That's when she called me up and asked me what she ought to do You mean that she still haven't heard anything from him even when he got out not a word Well, what'd you tell it to him to notify the police and I notified him to and then late yesterday I got this call from Sergeant Piper. Yeah, he tells me that she suddenly gone disappeared to parts unknown Has there been any sign of him around? No, sir And don't you worry if he had been around Sergeant Piper and his boys would have known it Are you sure that well they were gunning for alphabranic and like nobody they ever gunned for before She got away without their knowing how or where well, yes But Johnny you've got to find that girl keep her alive. Well, look Tim. Yes. Yes, Johnny. Well I'll do the best I can good and uh Johnny. Yeah, not just you remember one thing. What's that? You better look out for yourself, too. Oh, sure Winston Burdett in Rome Arthur Godfrey in New York Miami Las Vegas or who knows where next? Alexander Kendrick in London Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney in Hollywood the Philharmonic in New York These are some of the exclusive sounds of CBS radio from all over the country all over the world News music and entertainment is brought to your homes by experts to create the most unique Interesting and exciting sound in radio today the sound of CBS radio heard only at this spot on your radio dial The precinct headquarters where Tim said I could find Sergeant Seymour Jefferson Piper Unlike any police officer I dealt with in the past there in Knoxville Piper was the main lazy floret man of about 50 and 220 pounds and sat with his feet on the desk chewing a stale unlighted cigar Sure, miss doll. I'm Completely in charge of that brandy campaign and um, you have found no trace at all of the girl now I know miss doll. I know exactly what you're thinking But just because she got out of town without our known it don't mean that he could have gotten himself in Without us knowing it and I wonder well, I don't I don't want to talk I'm sure Not a single lead on her. Well, you see she had her own car She was a kind of accountant, you know for one of the big markets and doing pretty good for herself had her own car You know the license number of that car? Well, sure. It's you double L1 six Did you put out an APB right away all over the set? Well, no sir Why not? Well, she ain't guilty of any crime miss dollar. I mean like he was one What's the matter with you sergeant isn't it just as important to find her and protect her as it is to run her down? She's done something wrong. Oh, yes, of course it is And we did try to protect her as long as she was around here When when he didn't even show up and after all that time two whole weeks miss doll Don't you know why? Because he was probably smart enough to realize that she'd have some kind of protection for a while He may not be any mental giant, but he isn't any dumbbell either Clear field he'd wait until people stopped worrying about him until they get tired of waiting for him and he's up And that's exactly what you did sergeant ease up get like a day's ago I'll just hold on now. Isn't that why she was able to leave him right under your nose? Well, and you know what else I think now you look here You think either she realized you're watching over it was getting more cash We're more slip shot and she'd have to look out for herself all now miss or else sergeant I'm afraid it's a lot more probable Alfie Branigan did get through to where and haul her away But if he's got to her sir. Well, don't you remember what he said there in course you forget it up to just now Well, of course now. Why haven't you done something about it? Just a parent. I told you Me anything that makes any sense. Let me have the telephone now just a minute. What are you fixing to do? Well, first I'm gonna call the state police and if they can't find her somewhere in the state I'll call in the FBI you you don't think much of this department do I have to answer that let me have the phone You sure don't know how to ask for cooperation do listen sergeant over the years I've had cooperation from the Knoxville police department second to none by acting up this way dealing with members of the force who have a Little sense of responsibility beyond that involved in chasing crooks by men who can think beyond what's right under their nose I'm just wasting my time here. What's the name of your loose sentence? Just just a minute. Yes, what for I guess I guess maybe you're right I mean about an APB isn't too late. So I'll well believe me miss dollar I'll get one out right away, and I'll include in the state police like you say as well as all the other big cities in the state You will yes, and I I Apologize miss dollar for Well, I was wrong and I'm admitting it so just give me a chance If you please Sergeant and where do I get in touch with you when I get some word if you do yes Mr. Dollar nine I'll be staying at the Andrew Johnson Thank you, sir And I'll call you You better Never having nearly lost my own temper over is an obvious Instead I spent item three five eighty Smoothing my ruffle feathers with a dinner at the rap scholar Then I signed it at the Andrew Johnson, but before I could unpack my bag Johnny dollar this is sergeant Piper sir. Oh, yes sergeant. You were sure right, sir Licence number did it you know where she is? 21 270 south peach tree street and where's that over to Jefferson City? You've told the police over there to keep an eye on a sergeant. Oh brother Almost left time and it takes to tell about it I covered the 29 miles to Jefferson City and after inquiries at the gas station went immediately to the address on south peach tree In front of the nondescript little rental cottage was her car and inside Once I got inside was a very young very pretty but badly frightened young woman Marilyn Branigan. I Hope you forgive me not letting you in right away, mr. Dollar, but it's so dark and black outside and I I'm so What to do? How did you find me? Well, the point is that if I could find you So could your husband I know I know and you haven't heard anything from him or of him since he got out of the pen Don't you see that's just it. I haven't heard from him since he went into that terrible place Three years, mr. Dollar three years I've been sitting alone at nights wondering and wondering what he meant by what he said in that courtroom before they took him away well Isn't it pretty obvious what he meant If only I knew if only I really knew He never says anything without really meaning it mr. Dollar He never changes his mind once he's made it up. You know what I mean once he says he'll do something He never changes from it and if he did mean to threaten me. Well, what else could he have meant? But it wasn't like him. I Loved him and he loved me mr. Dollar. I'm sure of it even though it was your information that Helped me find him and turn him in I Had to do what was right Even he wouldn't have had it any other way. Well, I wouldn't be too sure of that and that money he took That wasn't like him either But he didn't he didn't realize what he was doing He only meant to borrow it for a Christmas present for me and All of us young folks act so foolish mr. Dollar Marilyn. Yes in spite of what you've just said You're still afraid of him aren't you? I Don't know. I don't know. We we knew so little about each other. Well, you married him We'd only been married a couple of weeks and we'd only known each other a couple of months before that boy But I had so much confidence in him. I Was so sure that if he faced up to this wrong thing he did we could make a new start together But when he wouldn't see me or answer my letters and after what he said in that court I only knew mr. Dollar if I only really knew And if he does come here and find me and now listen Marilyn Are you staying here in Jefferson City, mr. Dollar? No, I'm at the Andrew Johnson over in Knoxville. Why? Because if he does come and I'm here alone. Are you just listening? Yes until we find him Until we know what his intentions are you have got to have some protection Now if things had been handled properly one of the local police would be here right now, but since he isn't Where's your phone? I haven't any here. The nearest one is at the filling station two blocks down. Oh All right, I'm going over there and call the police and meantime if I were you I would keep this door closed and locked Yes, I will and mr. Dollar. Yeah When you do find him At least find out before you do anything to him or hurt him. Oh, sure Don't worry about it Thank you Well now That's the first kiss I've had since I'm sorry. I guess I shouldn't have But you're the first one that sure sure that's okay I'll learn I'll get everything set up and see you later. Thank you dark out here You use a streetlight to just a minute. I took one Alfie Branigan. Yeah That's right. Ah, it's me a new port That's the combination that makes you port more refreshing to begin with more refreshing all the way That's enough menthol to make you port so refreshing while you're smoking Without hiding the rich taste of great tobacco with one hand with the other shoving a bottle of Smelling salt I guess under my nose That's it. Mr. Donald you have another sniff of this and you'll be just No, thanks. That's where you say Y'all okay now. Oh Well, I don't know. I guess here somebody must they hit you pretty hard You just take it easy for no no listen officer. Yes, sir Inside there in that house sergeant must have been wrong nobody in that house, mr. Donald What well you see sergeant Piper over to Knoxville. He called me. Yeah, he said that miss Marilyn Branigan But he got her he got to her you mean out for your husband. That's right. He's been here. Yes And I'll shoot myself because a car pulled away when I come down the street must have been him and he must have had her in it All right, my look. Yes, sir.  All right listen Oh here what your wallet with your credentials was a lion there beside you Alfie must have taken it out of my pocket when he found out who I was Thanks anyway All right, look get on back to headquarters with you and get on the horn and oh Do you have a license number in description of that car? Oh, yes, sir. Good and go to it and get the word out I'll either be with sergeant Piper at his precinct or at the Andrew Johnson hotel over in Knoxville. Yes, sir The time I got back to Knoxville, I was feeling pretty shaky I Dropped in on sergeant Piper thanked him for having finally alerted the Jefferson City police Told him to get on the ball again and then Just barely able to navigate Got up to my room at the Andrew Johnson left the lights on Yes, sir. You did what? Hey, Mr. Dollar. What? All right now brand again. No, please. Please, sir. I'll let me explain about why we came here He came back to me. Mr. Dollar to the cottage. Oh, you're telling me I didn't know I didn't know who you were when you when you came out of the cottage and and I'm sorry you didn't know No, but I saw you there in the doorway and and well I saw her kiss you and and I heard you say you'd get everything all set and be back and Well after all I've done for her and thinking maybe she'd taken up with somebody else while I was gone But I explained to him now after all you've done for her Alfie. Oh, it's wonderful. Mr. Dollar. He's so wonderful I knew he was I knew it all the time. It just had to be that way Don't don't you see sir? It was the least I could do after the way I've let her down by taking that money three years ago Look, what is it? We try and make a little sense around here. I was wrong not seeing her and not answering her letters But I had to do it alone. I had to work it out for myself I had to prove I could be worthy of her all by myself and he has Mr. Dollar Alfie, see I meant it sir of what I said back there in court that I show her and I show you too That I could make up for that crazy embezzling.  That's what he meant and I did it sir I worked I studied there in prison every day. I worked to improve myself And when I got out so I could prove to her I done right by her I went to her brother over in Memphis my brother Charlie because he's always liked me and I knew he'd helped me and and Without letting on to her until I was ready You see I knew he'd understand and he did and you know what Alfie's done in just these last two weeks Steady job over there a decent place for us to live the way we ought to and away from all these memories Now we can start out married all over again, but the right way Like I should have made it for us before It's a whole new start. Mr. Dollar and a clean start And it's still only half of what a girl like Marilyn deserves. Isn't it wonderful, Mr. Dollar? And Well Yes Alfie sir, sir you um You want to be sure of keeping it that way? Oh, believe me, sir. I will keep it that way. All right Then one thing Remember to keep that temper of yours in check, huh? Yes, sir Even when you see your wife kissing another man, I will I promise I hope so And I'm I'm sorry. I'm really terribly sorry for what I did. Well, that's all right Have a case in like this for a change. Maybe it was worth it Thank you, sir. Yes, Mr. Dollar. Thank you. Now, um, how would you two like to help me over onto that bed? Really younger than they realized but I think maybe those kids will do all right. I hope so Anyway, expense account total including a doctor who came to make sure that I was all in one piece Hotel mileage on the car and the trip back to Hartford $229.57 Yours truly Johnny dollar for you about next week story next week the most clever device for covering up a murder I have ever seen Join us. Won't you yours truly Johnny dollar by Jack Johnstone Produced and directed by Bruno Serato, Jr. Music supervision by Ethel Huber Johnny dollar is played by Mandel Kramer Also featured in our cast for Jim Z. Summers as Marilyn Lawson Zerby as Sergeant Piper Richard Holland as Alfie Branigan Herb Duncan as Tim Harrington and Bill Lipton as the policeman Be sure to join us next week same time same station for another exciting story of yours truly Johnny dollar This is our tennis feet The Peace Corps needs farm skills volunteer today. This is the CDS radio network


My name is Allison. I'm a multi-disciplinary artist. I work primarily in literature, writing, and performance. I'm also a cultural organizer using arts to forward social justice and community organizing. My name is Sasha. I'm a photographer. I'm interested in what images mean, what they say, and because I've been interested in the language of imagery, I was interested in what happened when people got to tell the stories for themselves and they got to decide what they wanted to look like in their photographs. Oftentimes people talk about the Bronx and they put it in such a negative light and they never talk about the mothers, uncles, the kids who love living in the Bronx, who love their block. So working with Sasha and Allison, when you come together with them, there's this sense of peace and you're always so excited about everybody's points of views and really listening and tuning in. We are continuing the work we began as 2014 Create Change Fellows this year as 2015 commissioned artists with our project StoryBlock. StoryBlock is an audio and visual archive of the stories here on Kelly Street, a community in the Hunts Point and Longwood section of the South Bronx. And these stories we are putting up on an online website that's going to be an archive and we're also working with local businesses to post photos and text answers of these stories so that the block becomes a sort of gallery or museum. A lot of the work is just mundane in the garden but there's an emotional aspect of the work and the sense of building community and bringing people together that Sasha and Allison and the Longer Man Project along with Rosalba especially made happen, working through being able to share through times of struggle and to actually open up doors, lines of communication that didn't really exist before and create a safe space to share those things. Working with the LP shifted how I thought about collaborating with people in community. It was like our duties as artists to help realize the visions that they already have and then use our own artistic input to maybe make it look a certain way aesthetically. Sometimes when we think of art we think of what happens at the end and working with the LP and working with the Kelly Street community, it's really all the time I spend weeding, the time I spend hanging out, the time I spend listening. We heard so many stories and we also saw how well people responded to some work Sasha did around collecting older photographs of the community and most people saw those, they really wanted to continue to tell these stories to remember what the community was and to use those memories to think about what the community is now and the future. The Kelly Street Garden is already a center for things to happen but now it's more like an artistic center. It's not just about what's happening in the garden but there's different arts activities happening here. We've been learning with every step of the way something new about how we want to work as artists with each other and with community.


Well, thank you very much Ruth and thanks to all of you for joining us here this evening for something I think is going to be very interesting and I think quite enjoyable. What I thought I would do to set the stage is to acknowledge the fact that we have I'm sure a heterogeneous audience and at the same time I think some of the concepts we're going to delve into when we start engaging our two debaters will get quite technical. So I thought I would just spend a few minutes just sort of giving a little bit of a background to get everybody sort of on the same page and in part because so much has happened in genomics in the last 25 years that to really appreciate the issues we're going to discuss it's important to understand the context. So just some simple introductory 101 material what we're talking about keep in mind that the human body consists of about 10 trillion cells and every one of those cells is operating off of the same blueprint information and that blueprint information is housed in the structure of the cell called the nucleus on structures called chromosomes which are sort of the suitcases that carry our genomic and genetic material from one generation to the next. Of course the key molecule we're going to be talking about in this debate is DNA, deoxy ribonucleic acid which of course is the information molecule for all living systems. And all of the material that makes up human DNA is called the genome. All the chromosomes and all the DNA that really represents the human genomic blueprint consists of about 3 billion bits of material or bases what it's called little chemical units which we abbreviate G, A, T and C because it's really just four different chemicals or letters if you will. Tools and technologies came available really about 30 years ago that allowed scientists to start to imagine going through and reading out, decoding our blueprint, figuring out the order of these 3 billion bases that make up our blueprint. This led to something that occurred that began in 1990 called the human genome project which really changed everything. This was a large international effort involving thousands of scientists and researchers around the world actually, the United States playing a very major role that basically aimed and in fact the institute I now direct was created by the U.S. Congress to lead the U.S.'s effort in the human genome project and its goal was quite straightforward, determine the order of the 3 billion letters that make up the human genomic blueprint. That project which I was involved in from beginning to end was wildly successful and 13 years after it started it ended about 11 years ago.  What's happened in those almost now 11 years since the end of the human genome project that really leads us to the issues that we're going to talk about tonight and what I can tell you is there has been spectacular progress in the field of genomics and we are learning a lot about what each of our genomes look like and what all people's genomes look like. Now let me give you some information and give you some ideas about what this is like. So shown here is a bit of the human genome but actually keep in mind that your human genome, a person's human genome is actually 6 billion letters. It's 3 billion you got from mom and 3 billion you got from dad. So in total each of us is basically consisting of 6 billion letters ordered that represents our collective genome. And by the way, if you look at the slide note that what's shown there is only one bit of the genome actually 6 million times larger would be needed to represent your entire genome. Now what's happened in the last 11 years? 11 years ago we had laid out all these letters and then it was time to start interpreting what they meant. Learning the grammar, learning the language, learning the syntax and we've learned quite a bit. And we now know and we can sort of almost annotate and recognize that within your 6 billion letters are operating about 20,000 genes. Genes are the bits of DNA information that make the building blocks of cells and tissues, things called proteins, 20,000 genes or so but it's actually far more complicated than that because it also turns out there's hundreds of thousands of other functional sequences that determine where and when genes get turned on and each of our cells actually operates that blueprint a little bit differently whether it's a muscle cell, whether it's a liver cell, whether it's a brain cell. There's incredible biological complexity in those hundreds of thousands of other functional sequences that are telling those 20,000 genes what to do and when to do them. The other thing we've learned besides understanding a lot about the functional landscape of the human genome is that we've also now done studies to start to figure out how all of our genomes are different from one another. And so across your genome, compared to the person sitting to your left or the person sitting to your right, there's about 3 to 5 million letters that are different. Shown here are just 3 places across the genome that there might be a difference compared to the person sitting next to you. You may have a G at that top position, the person sitting next to you might have an A, or the middle position there might be a C versus a T and so forth. So across your 6 billion letters, there's about 3 to 5 million places that is going to be a letter difference. And wouldn't it be really fascinating and incredibly motivating to figure out which of those letter differences that each and every one of us have might have a consequence for things like our health and disease? And we know that differences among our genomes really have a tremendous amount to do with what diseases we're susceptible to, how we respond to medications and various other traits that are important. Well, the third major development that's taken place besides understanding how the human genome works and understanding how human genomes are different among people is a significant surge in our ability to actually read out the letters of DNA. And here has been spectacular advances in particular over the last 6 or 7 years. And it really relates to the plummeting costs of being able to sequence a human genome. And I'll show you here as sort of an icon form of a graph, and in particular notice the line in green. When we sequence that first human genome as part of the human genome project, it cost about a billion dollars. And it was a brilliant investment because it was foundational information for a humankind that we will forever use. But it was by no means a medical test for a billion dollars. Today, it's just a few thousand dollars to do it. Within the next year or so, we think we'll have crossed a threshold of a thousand dollars. In fact, we refer to something called the thousand dollar genome. And notice in green how that curve has been coming down. And now in 2013, it's approaching that $1,000 threshold. Not quite there, but getting closer and closer every day. And it's been remarkable. And a thousand dollars, well, for a thousand dollars, that sounds like about the cost of an MRI or a lot of other clinical tests, which is why the idea of being able to sequence tens of thousands of people as part of research studies and also considering sequencing individual genomes of patients has come to the forefront. And let me just tell you these technologies, which I show here in the slide, are truly revolutionary, remarkable. And I'm showing actually the top two of those to actually hold in my hand little chips, little slides, little channels that now can sequence what used to take five and six years when the Human Genome Project did it to sequence that first human genome, can now sequence any one of your genomes in about a day or two. And what's also way cool is the image I show on the very bottom, because this is a new technology that's actually coming out this year. In fact, it's probably starting to hit some of the research labs this month, is a company that happens to have a very fancy new technology that literally plugs into the USB port of a laptop and will allegedly, and we'll see how good it is when it really comes out, allegedly will sequence a human genome in about a day. Truly remarkable, you could do that from a laptop such as the one I'm using here to show you these images. So this really sets the stage for what we now face, because we now have the technical capability to read out G's, A's, T's and C's from any person and for very inexpensively in the grand scheme of things in a matter of a day or two. And with that comes all sorts of ideas about how we might be able to use genomic information about patients as part of their medical care. That all sounds great, right? It all sounds pretty simple. Well, of course, it's not that simple. It's not that simple for a lot of reasons, because the fact of the matter is just because we can sequence somebody's genome and we could lay out in front of you the three to five million letter differences in this patient's genome. It doesn't mean we yet really understand what those differences mean, and there's a lot of other implications of not being certain exactly how to act on that information and who should get that information, et cetera, et cetera. It is a complicated circumstance, especially at present. And so this is why we're going to have this discussion tonight from two extremely talented and articulate scholars of the field. And all of this is being cast in a broader net, if you will, of what we think about and care a lot about, certainly at the National Institutes of Health and the Institute that I direct, but I think the whole field of genomics is the recognition that the science has marched forward in a spectacular way over the last 25 years. But similarly, I think we've been very responsible and also recognizing that this science and these opportunities fit within the context of society. And we very much have been engaged in studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of what we are doing as these genomic advances have marched forward. And I think you will hear from tonight two of the individuals who think deeply about some of these societal implications of these genomic advances. And we very much want to hear some of their thoughts and then we want to have you question some of the things that they have to say and things that are on your mind. I will tell you that tonight's debate, tonight's program, is part of a larger program of events that are taking place that very much represent an example of the way our institute is very interested in engaging the general public about issues around genomics and also our recognition that to really see this come to pass, we need to make sure that the general public understands genomics and really congrats what we think healthcare professionals are going to be talking to them about in the future. And this program is part of a series of sessions that we're having associated with a new partnership that our institute created recently with the Smithsonian Institution, in particular the National Museum of Natural History. And all this was built around a new exhibition called Genome Unlocking Life's Code, which opened last June and is right here across the ball on the second floor of the National Museum of Natural History in hall 23, immediately left of the Hope Diamond. So if you're ever next time you're there, go to the Hope Diamond and immediately turn left and you'll come into our exhibition. I just heard today that nearly 1.6 million people have visited this exhibition since it opened in June. It will be there until September. And then it leaves to go around North America for four to five years to travel and be viewed at other major museums. So that is the context of the science, it's the context of the debate and importantly all this fits in as a related program for this exhibition, which if you haven't seen, if you're motivated to come out here on a Thursday evening to hear about genetic and genomic information, I tend to think you're interested in this topic and I really hope if you haven't seen the exhibition, please come visit it. I think you'll be very pleased. And I think you will also very much appreciate that what's in the exhibit and what's talked about and issues that are raised are some of the same issues you're gonna hear from these two experts this evening. So with that as a background, I would like to introduce our first of the two speakers and the plan for tonight is as follows. We're gonna hear about a 20 minute presentation from each of our two scholars.  And after which I'm gonna ask a series of questions to kick things off and then we're gonna take an intermission as you heard, you're gonna go out and you're gonna have a chance to write some questions on cards as well. And then we'll come back in after the little brief intermission and refreshment break and I will moderate the discussion using your questions as the material to sort of probe our speakers a bit more. So our first speaker is Professor Susan Wolfe. She earned her JD degree from Yale Law School and also did graduate work at Harvard University. She is now the McKnight Presidential Professor of Law, Medicine and Public Policy, Fragray Baker Daniels Professor of Law and Professor of Medicine at the University of Minnesota. She's also a faculty member in the Center for Bioethics at that university. Professor Wolfe focuses her scholarly work on studying the legal and ethical issues in healthcare, biomedical research and emerging technologies, including genetics and genomics. And it was this interest that brought her to be the founding chair of the University's Consortium on Law and Values in Health, Environment and the Life Sciences. Professor Wolfe is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a member of the American Law Institute and a fellow of the Hastings Center in New York. In 2011, she was appointed by the Secretary of the Health and Human Services to the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity and her research has been funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute and the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, but also the National Science Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Greenwell Foundation and others.  She's authored, co-authored and edited over 150 publications in journals that include Science, Nature, Genetics, the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association. So with that as an introduction, we're gonna now hear from Professor Susan Wolfe. Thank you, Eric.


So we will call our meeting to water. We have Phil with us on the Zoom. Who else do we have up there doing? I can't see the names. Are you okay? Let's see, we have Bridget Browning. Yep. We have Paul's iPhone. Okay. Let's see. Who else I'm missing? We have Paula O'Tenty. Paula O'Tenty. Paula O'Tenty. Paula O'Tenty. Okay. Welcome everyone. Liz Scharf is not with us tonight. She's up in the air somewhere, flying to a, flying to believe to a business meeting. So we have what appears to be a relatively short agenda tonight. We'll see how it goes. The first item on the agenda is a highway report. Updates on town highway issues, exploring options for a truck to replace the international and FY26 action unlikely. Who's up, gentlemen? Yeah, so checking around, they're filling orders through 24 already. So if we're gonna get one for 25, 26, we're gonna probably wanna start thinking about ordering. Yep. That being said, I put together a spec sheet for the purchase of that. Yep. Just to kind of safeguard ourselves. And it was sent along to you guys just to review. If you agree with that, I'm certainly willing to put that in play. I read through it. I mean, it looked, from what I could understand, it all looked good to me. I didn't see anything which seemed crazy. So who would we, who would we ask to bed? I would give it to everybody. Well, who's everybody? We have international, which is Freightliner, Western Star, and then Kenworth. We could put them out to all of them. We don't have to pick it, any particular one, other than the one we want. But you wanna have as much feedback in as possible. And we don't even have to take the lowest. No, you don't have to take the lowest. Correct. I reviewed our procurement policy and it says that, and even this states you don't have to pick the lowest you pick the better, suits the town. Right. Well, I can tell you what I'm concerned about is what we've learned in a few of the recent go-arounds is, I want information on what the experience has been with these particular trucks, engines, and transmissions. Absolutely. What their repair history is. I know that, because that's what's just killed us. When our trucks are laid up and they can't get parts for them, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera, that's almost more important than the real price. That and the warranty. But the warranty's no good if they can't get the parts. And this one you're specced out as an automatic transmission. Correct. Correct. It's a good thing. In my opinion. I think so too. I mean, there were a few years there where I wondered whether it was the right thing, but I think they've got it figured out now. Well, yeah, I think in the big picture, you're better off with an automatic. Yes. That part of the high report. The other thing I can report on is we have a broken spring on the freight liner that's getting repaired today. It should be done, actually, it should be done now. So we have to vote on. No, I don't think so. We'll have to vote on what we buy. Right, no, but do we have to authorize them, bad word, but to send it out to whomever he chooses? No, I don't think so. Yeah. I don't think so. No. I'd rather ask now than do it again next week. But there's nobody we would exclude from that list based on bad reputation or issues or problems or. Well, it will certainly take all that consideration with picking. Right. I would say. But I wouldn't exclude anybody from putting a bid in. Right. No, I agree. Yeah, that's what I was just gonna say is just put it out to the whole pool and as we score the proposals coming back in, we consider, you know, their reputation as part of that scoring. Really, we've got to save part of that. Is there a deadline for them to send everything in? Well, yeah, I didn't put a date in that just because I didn't know. Said to be determined, I thought. Yes, put to be done, yeah. Because I didn't know when or where we were gonna, I actually do it so I didn't put a date in yet. When, ideally, when would we want to order it? Well, we want to give ourselves a little over a year. So I would see this spring. Yeah, and this is basic. I think you'll get some feedback from the vendors as far as how far out they are. I know we've experienced that when we call, they'll tell us flat out, you know. You're not looking until 25 probably. Right. And I noticed in here, you know, we're covering ourselves to say that we're not gonna take delivery any earlier than July 1, 24 and no later than October in 24. So if those dates hold, that one of the things I was thinking about, and I haven't had a chance to zip through the whole thing. I was just reading it before the meeting here. But I know we opted for some additional stuff on the last truck we bought after we got it. Toolbox. Toolboxes and stuff like that. That's all in here. Okay. Yep, I saw that. Yeah, as far as the delivery date, I put that in there, but obviously if they're not billing them until after that, then you can't put a fictitious date in there. And how far ahead will they give us a firm price or will they even give us a firm price? I would think that they would do it right off. Really? I would think so. We know what happened when we bought the last truck. Well, that's what I was gonna say. Yeah, I mean, I guess we'll find out. Was that 5,000 extra? Well, it was bracket creep right from the start. We got a bid, then they came back before we agreed and they went up on it. And then after we signed the contract, they went up to 5,000. Okay. Yeah.  And it's in the fine print of their proposal, but yeah. We'll have to make sure we read the fine print. And it might be a good conversation to have as we're sending the proposals out to folks and sort of know that we've experienced that and we weren't particularly fond of it. I think the trucks that we've ordered, they've held pricing when we've authorized the bill, essentially. So granted, we're not buying trucks this size, but still. Well, I think it's worth saying when is the price locked in? Yeah. Yeah, and I can certainly have a question. Yeah, yeah. Okay. Plus the specs are coming from our wheelhouse instead of theirs. Right. It's a good deal. Right. And we should also, part of their proposal should be that they, not we outline what the differences are between what we asked for and what they gave us. Because sometimes I know in my experience, going through line by line, they describe things a little differently than we describe them in our specs and you don't know whether it really lines up or not. So let's put the burden on them to tell us what the difference is. It's a good thought.  Do you really know what, who knows? Get whatever they give us. So let's make them tell us what they give us. Okay. So Peter. Yes. I don't, just to play the devil's advocate, but when do we decide we might go electric? Do you ever give money, ever give five? I've asked him and he didn't, you know, we talked to the state, they have a couple, but very limited what they do with them. They said. Now the big heavy trucks, not the, I mean, I think the day is probably not too far off where we could consider an electric pickup. Oh, okay. I think, I mean, based on my understanding of what's available out there, I don't think that the availability of what we need is there yet. But it's coming. It's coming. I don't think it plays a role in this proposal. No, not at all. I just, I'm asking about the question, you know, because it's five years. The answer, I mean, the answer, the simple answer to your question is, I think we'll know when the time is right. I mean, the state of the model start buying them, other people will start buying them, we'll hear how they work. You know, we'll probably have to have a special power line and put in from the Green Mountain Power Substation to get enough power to our town garage to charge the things up. I don't know. I mean, the answer is, you know, who knows? I mean, is it coming? Yeah, it's coming. But I just wanted to bring it up. I mean, oh yeah, we're gonna spend a lot of money getting ready for the future here. Yeah. A lot. Yeah, yeah. But I think, you know, when, you know, I think what's gonna come first is an electric pickup. And the question is, you know, most of the time, we could probably get by with an electric pickup now, most of the time. But can you get by in the midst of a big snowstorm when you gotta run the thing all day and all night? No, because in three hours or two hours or whatever it is, the battery's gonna be dead. So I also didn't have that. The other concern is if we're putting plows, if you're just talking pickups and stuff, if you're putting, trying to put plows on which we do the town pick up now. Absolutely. You know, that's a huge concern. One, from a capacity standpoint and two, just from a sheer suspension standpoint, they're not making three-quarter ton electric vehicles right now. They will someday. They will, pretty quick, they will. And all I'm saying is, I think we'll know. I think we'll know. When Vic puts a plow on his electric car, we'll know it's time to consider it seriously, right? I will say that the first time, and I don't take up too much, that this weekend, my car was outside because it was all salt. It's the first time I saw that forward propulsion reduced and it cut the mileage right in half. Yeah. Well, I had my, what I call my new pickup truck, which is a year old, year and a half old, three-quarter ton, it would not shift into four-wheel drive when it was 20 below zero. That was a little discouraging. I tried to go up my driveway. I had no traction at all. I couldn't figure out what's going on. It wasn't in four-wheel drive and I wouldn't go into four-wheel drive. So anyway, they don't design.  There's no computer intervening in between them. Well, no, so what else, boys? Any news on the chipper situation? No, I haven't moved much further on that yet. Okay. Okay. Okay. Anything else, Victor? Well, I had my five minutes of fame. There you go. There you go. Okay. So I guess the word is just so it's in the minutes. When you get organized and when you're ready, go ahead. Okay. Considering Polo Tenty to serve as interim emergency management coordinator until a March reorganization meeting action likely. And what's the reason for that, Sarah? Well, Margaret Schwartz, as you may remember, has resigned. She resigned the week before we had the big store. Yeah. And right now, we should be working on our emergency management plan. It is due in April. Yeah. So I think Paula has experience. And I think that she can help us get right into that plan so that it's available by March. Because if we bring Paula in the middle of March, I'll be gone in the middle of March, we're gonna miss the deadline. And she's interested in doing it, willing to do it. Yes, I think Paula's here. Yes. Hi. Hi. It's hard to say no to Sarah. Aim into that. Aim into that. Okay. Is there a motion to that effect? Yes, I'll move that we make Paula Tenty. What? Right. As interim emergency management coordinator until the March reorganization meeting. Can I just ask one other question? Why would it be interim? Well, because you're supposed to make all your appointments and after the reorganizational meeting. Yeah, but don't all the appointments. It'll be a different. Right. We would just reappoint if. So it'll be, it'll be what? Well, you're gonna have new board members. So, you know, when that's the whole idea, I know this is a hard concept for us. No, but aren't we appointing someone? And I'm just asking the question. We're appointing someone until our organization. Yes, you can take out the interim. Yeah, I just take out the interim. Unless you disagree.  Remove the word interim. Yeah. Right. It's only for like four weeks, five weeks. Yeah. Okay. Second. All those in favor? All right. Bill. Who seconded that? Thank you. Thank you. I did. Okay. Great. Thank you. Thank you. Here's an expensive one. Approving a memorandum of understanding for ambulance service with the city of Montpelier are action likely. We've got that in front of us here. It's expensive. Your budget and next year's budget because. Right. That was not how it was budgeted. So, current year was budgeted for 72,000. And according to this, it will come in at 76,500. Right. And for FY24, we budgeted 76,000. And it will come in at 78,495. So. Yeah, because it straddles the two. So we'll, we're gonna be taking it. As I always say, we've gotta have an ambulance. And I don't think we have any other options. And I do believe from everything I hear and I'm sure there are times when their service maybe isn't as timely as someone might like for the most part, they do a good job. And thank goodness, you know, thank goodness we have our fast squads filling the, filling some of the cracks. Yes. But you used to read it when you say this year, you mean fiscal year that ends in 20, this summer? FY, FY20. And you said 78,495. I think so. Up above it says 84,90. But there are two figures here because we would take July 15th of. 24th. 20th, right. No, wait a minute. So for the current year, it would be the December 23 payment, right? And the July 15th payment. So that would constitute FY23. Right. And then the next year it would be, so I'm now off on the second year because it would be 80,004,90. 490, yeah. Yeah, right. 80,004,90. Yeah. So in bullet two, it lands that. So I just wanted to make sure that. Yeah, thank you. So can you clarify that too, Randy? Well, bullet two is just for fiscal year 24, it's 76,500. And for fiscal year 25, it's 80,000, 490. Yeah. And ideally, on the other comment I would make about this is, I think we can figure out pretty well everything they're trying to deal with in their budget in terms of, payroll expenses, equipment expenses, everything else that are all going up, I'm sure. Did you? I was afraid this was going to be worse to tell you the truth. Did you happen to look at the percentage of increase? No. Okay. This just barely came in on what happened. Yeah. Yeah. So I didn't go that far. But I just made a note. I'm just pointing out that our budget's been set. It came in after I put it in. So we're gonna be. Not a new experience for us. And so it begins again. So any questions, any other questions or comments? Phil? Yeah. You're good? I'm good. Yeah. Somebody willing to make a motion for approval? Don't turn around. No approval. Okay. Seconded. Okay. Seconded by Victor. All in favor? Aye. Aye. Any opposed? Okay, thank you. Holder, I get the more I want the ambulance to be ready to come. Treasure support updates on town financial issues action possible. Dorinda. No update. Just trying to catch up from doing all the budget stuff and all that. There's nothing that you can report on. Hopefully we'll get you out for the next meeting budget status report. Yep. But there's nothing you're aware of that's lacking. Everything's perfect. I mean, everything's going very smoothly. That is good to hear. Thank you. Thank you. Proving minutes of the January 17th and January 24, special select board meeting action likely. We should probably do them separately because I think we had different people, didn't we? I can't remember. I'm sorry? You have them right there. Oh yeah. Yeah. Everybody was present, 124, everyone was present. Okay. So we could actually do them together if someone's willing to make that motion. Does anybody have any amendments or corrections to the minutes? I don't. I move that we accept the minutes of January 17th and January 24th. Yep. Yes. Hold it. Second. Seconded by Randy, Sarah. All in favor? Aye. Aye. Aye. Any opposed? Okay, we've approved the minutes. The fire department just arrived. Well, this was about the ambulance agreement, but you went early. I'm sorry about the what? The ambulance agreement. Oh, okay. We have approved it. Do you have any comments or questions about it? Yes. Comments. Okay. Yeah. I didn't see it until yesterday. Excuse me. Yep. So looking at it, so they only... The big thing, do you guys realize that in addition to the fee we pay, they charge the residents? Yes. Okay. Per call. I just want to bribe you with that. And by the looks of this contract this year, this is only for one year because in our district meetings that we go to, the ambulance services that are unionized now, they are looking to hire on as a regional ambulance service, which means for us that they could drop this. And it says right here, they could back out of this in 2020 by 2024, which would leave us without an ambulance service. We would be dependent on that regional ambulance, which could leave us waiting for an ambulance service for who knows where that ambulance is coming from at this point because we have no regional ambulance services in this area. I understand all that. But if we don't sign this contract, we won't have any ambulance service pretty quick. Not by tomorrow. We had time and I was also looking at other services. My players not the only ambulance service. Oh, we did not know that. Are there other viable ambulance services? We are sending conversations. One of them could be Berrytown, which is currently up at the Four Corner Station. So time-wise, not that much difference where it would make a difference is going out route 12 up towards the north side of Middlesex. The other, and they're looking at the possibility of expanding, which with some modifications to our station, they could put an ambulance, a parking ambulance and a crew at station one. Obviously that wouldn't happen next year, but there's a potential that we, the building was designed to be able to make another day to work with a small vehicle and then upstairs could be reconfigured to have housed two bedrooms. There you have the showers. Yeah, we have the showers in the bathroom. So that's a possibility we're looking at. We're trying to get a cost from them to what it would be. The thing that concerns me is this regional ambulance service that they're pushing towards, yet there's no, there isn't anything out there yet. And so- Right now we're looking at St. Jonesbury has got a regional, Brownaburl, White River. So I don't know where they're going with this, if there's a plan to build an ambulance building somewhere that would take care of Washington County. What's the impact gonna be to Mutual Aid? What's, you know, Howes, Mad River, Waterbury, Northfield?  That's what concerns me that you're putting this in this agreement right now, that they can back out and there really isn't a plan yet. So are they gonna back out before there's a plan and they're just gonna take care of it until you're, and that's it? Well, at least on the contract, I wouldn't assume. The contract is only for one year, though, in the past. By annual, it goes through December of 24. Is it a two year period? July 1 of 23 to June 30 of 25. But as I read it, they can back out of this. Well. That's what's concerning. What it says is the city, if the city explores joining a regional ambulance servicer in the period of this agreement, or shortly thereafter, up to six months, the city shall negotiate in concert with the town so as to maximize the interests of both the city and the town. That doesn't say they can back out of the contract. We just want you to be aware of our concerns. No, it's good to know. I just, you know, this contract, and the one that's cut effective July 1st, I mean, I don't know when they were gonna insist that we sign it, but it isn't gonna be too long down the line. How quick are we gonna have any additional information which would impact our decision on this? That's the $64,000 question as to, primarily what this looks like is very city in Montpilter, because they're the unionized. Very town is union, but not with, and then the other question to ask is if they go to this regional thing, is Montpilter going to drop the personnel that they have currently on the new ambulance coverage and cut down that so that they have even less people over fire coverage, which affects the bigger capital mutual fire. There are a lot of moving parts to this. Right, and so that's, it concerns me that they're bringing this up now when there's not even, there really isn't a plan forward for this yet, but they're bringing it up, so it concerns me about that. So I just wonder if you should ask their city, their town manager, what is with this regional payment? I can tell you, they don't know. I mean, we can ask, we can have a conversation, but I don't think we're gonna hear anything different from what we're hearing from you guys. I mean, they've been exploring this for a long time. My recommendation is that we line out the regional ambulance system until they have some type of plan to put forward so we can look at. Yeah, but all this says is, all this says is, if the city explores joining a regional ambulance service during the period of this agreement or shortly thereafter, the city will negotiate in concert with the town. Right, I mean, if this is a two-year contract, they're saying up to six months after the term of this contract or this agreement, so it could be a couple of years. I don't think they're spelling out that they're trying to do this within the next six months. I don't think that that's what they're trying to say here. But I need to look at the law, is if they do become regional in this time period, what that means for our residents that are in need of an ambulance. So, God forbid anybody in here has a heart attack and we're there, we're trying to care for you, we're trying to keep you alive, but we're waiting for an ambulance that's coming from. Sure, and I don't think that being in this agreement stops us from having those conversations around exploring what the future may look like. And that's why I wanted to wait until we could. So, are they, I mean, they've had over the years, they've had all kinds of regional meetings. Have they recently had meetings on this subject because I haven't seen any report of them in the newspaper? I have one next week. We have a district six meeting. Okay, and what is that, that's a regional meeting from all the different towns? We have a district six meeting. So, the district, that's the district. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. You get the EMS side, which is district six, and then you have capital fire, mutual aid, which is essentially the same people that just go to different, it's two meetings that we get, both if we're EMS and fire. I think it's very good to be aware of this and pay attention to it, really pay attention to it. Obviously, it's important, I agree with you 100%, but I don't see how lining out that line in this contract is gonna change any of that. I mean, we just need to pay attention and be ready to respond. I find it hard to believe that they aren't gonna want us to be part of whatever the deal is. Why wouldn't they want our $80,000 a year? We just want you to be aware of the potential out there and that. Okay, okay. It's the big thing. Please keep up, if you're attending the meetings, keep us posted on what's going on because to the best of my knowledge, we don't get copies of the minutes of those meetings, do we Sarah? So maybe you should make a point of sharing those minutes with us so we can read them and be aware of what's going on because there hasn't been much in the paper because if it was, I'd see it and I haven't seen anything nor have I heard any rumblings other than from you guys. So I guess the question is guys, they're recommending, I mean, is this a formal recommendation that we line out that? That's a suggestion. I don't think so. This is what I believe in the legal world is called the unilateral contract. They give us the contract and we either sign it or don't. They're not gonna tolerate us making pen and ink adjustments to their contract, I don't think. But when I had called the chief in Montpelier and discussed with them that we had our contracts that were coming up, his response to me was, well in the past we have never discussed this before because I had told him that I would like to discuss being new, the new FASQA director.  And he said, well, in the past. And then he said, well, I'll put you in for a meeting. I never heard back to him. So then I read this in the forum the other day and I was like, oh, can I have white-sided by it? Well, I guess unless other board members feel differently, I think we should encourage you to communicate with us and let us know what's going on for sure and get us a copy of those minutes. So we have them in our record here and we've got them on our radar screen and we just all need to pay attention. And if it looks like some kind of a crisis is coming up where they're gonna fail to supply ambulance services to us or to any of the other small towns, that's when we have to kick and fight. But I don't think, I just don't know. I mean, how can any of us know? But I just find it hard to believe that they're gonna drop us like a hot rock. I mean, that doesn't make any sense now.  And maybe it's going ahead, maybe it isn't, we don't know. But we've got that one on our radar screen as well. Well, it's easy enough to forward the minutes on the server. That's not easy. Yeah, that would be good. Okay, well, is everybody in agreement with that? I am. Phil, you're okay with that? Yeah, I am. The only thing that worries me a little bit is that last sub paragraph five. It's just poorly written. And whenever you get into hassles and then trying to interpret the language on something like this, it might be worth having Rob take a quick look at it and see if it raises any red flags for him. I mean, we can do that. I just don't, all they're saying is that they're gonna negotiate in good faith and concert with us. So I don't see how that can be a bad thing. I mean, I think, I don't, it may not be the best writing, but I think the message in the intent is pretty clear. I don't know. I think what Rob would say, and I'm not putting words in his mouth, but I think he would say it means, it says what it means and it means what it says. And how that comes down and how that comes into play is of course gonna be a question mark, but I don't know. I guess, unless any other board members disagree, I would leave this sleeping dog to lie and just make sure that we pay attention to what's going on. And if you have concerns, if you start to hear from your cohorts that there's something going on that we need to know about, please let us know. I mean, you don't have to show up in a meeting. You can send us an email. You can send us a letter and say, hey, you should be aware that this happened or that happened or whatever. And believe me, we'll pay attention. Does that make sense? Okay, thank you for coming. Thank you. Sorry about that. Okay, approving a class one liquor license for the local action likely. So the system now is there, so if you no longer sign anything, you just go to approve it and I go into the portal and click approve. So this is for a class one liquor license and there seems to be some confusion about it, but according to the local, what they really needed is they needed to be able to hold events in this little grotto next to their wine store. So it's a bar restaurant license, but it's just for wine tastings and they might have other events. So that's what they're gonna do. And this is the business that's operating out of the same building as right ahead. Yeah, yes. The wine store down the street. Yeah, it's a nice store. Okay. So because I haven't looked at it. Yeah, there's wine tasting involved in the book signing. I don't know. We'll have to find, if you don't have a class one liquor license, I'm not sure. There's so many conflicts here. But anyway, that's why it's a class one because I called them to say, are you opening a restaurant? Are you opening a bar? What are you doing? So it's basically to give them the authority to serve in a fenced in area or something outside of their shop. Right, right. And actually that's another thing is if they decide to host any events or serve any wine, these events at can be, they can do that. I talked to the Department of Liquor Control and they said they don't need a class license, a class one liquor license for that. And Sam who runs the local said, yes we do, this is what we need to have. So in other words, they're not opening a bar, they're not opening a restaurant. That's what they call the class one liquor license for. Mall for? Does that make sense? Yeah. I don't know. I'm all for wine and beer. Thriving, gentlemen? Thriving business is what we need. We approve the class one liquor license for the local. Is there a second, Randy? Okay, thank you. Well in favor? Aye. Aye. Okay, there we go. It's fell frozen there. Orders are going around. We just need to make sure we get three. I signed. Between the three of us, yeah. Yeah. I haven't gone through all of them yet. One of them, there's an order in there for postage to mail out the ballots. But we're not, we're voiding that check. So. Okay, I already signed that. You already signed it.  Wash, wash, wash, wash, wash, wash, wash. Yeah. I have a message. If you guys are ready for discussion, Liz would like me to turn to relay some messages. Sure. Okay, so the first one is that she has not had received any word on the town hall planning grant. The second is that they had over 250 responses to the town hall survey with three times as many comments. Excellent engagement for service. Is that a last minute? And they are coming, our next meeting is when they're coming to present. Yeah, so that should be interesting. If they show up with cans of gasoline and blow torches, we'll know what their recommendation is. Two messages. I think she's stuck in a tarmac somewhere. One or two. Was it, I asked somebody, I think it was Sarah. Me? They said they got 283 responses. She said, Liz said, we had over 250 responses to the town hall survey with three times as many comments. I could forward, if you didn't get a copy of it, I could forward. Three times as many, what, please? So many people must have wrote multiple comments. Multiple comments on it. Yeah, that's all. No, no, no, I don't need anything. I was just wondering, just for clarity, Liz sent it out. Sandy Levine sent it out. And Susan Clark, so does that mean that I could have filled the thing out three times or seven times? Hopefully not. I don't know, how does that work? That's all I wanna know, how does that work? It depends on if it's sent through as an anonymous survey or if your name's attached to it, I'm sure. So if it's tied, if it's. It's tracked by IP address. Oh, there we go. What'd he say? It's tracked by IP address. So if you're bad Malcolm, they know who did that too? Probably. There are no secrets in this world anymore. There used to be, but there aren't anymore. Anything else, Sarah? That's it, those are the two messages Liz wanted me to relay. Okay. So do they have a, have they compiled all of the comments somewhere? Yes, I can send you. I mean, they sent me a copy of the file so I can forward it to everybody. That would be great, yeah. Well, it's gonna be an interesting meeting on the 21st. Anything else, anyone? Okay, thank you all very much. We are adjourned. Whoa. Whoop, look at that. It's time.


Hello and welcome to the session. Let's discuss the following problem today. Let a is equal to set 1, 2, 3 and b is equal to set 4, 5, 6, 7 and let f is equal to 1, 4, 2, 5 and 3, 6 be a function from a to b. Show that f is 1, 1. Now let us write the solution. Let f be a function from a to b where a is equal to 1, 2, 3 and b is equal to 4, 5, 6, 7 and f is equal to 1, 4, 2, 5 and 3, 6. It is clear from above that f of 1 is equal to 4, f of 2 is equal to 5 and f of 3 is equal to 6. Therefore, we observe that different elements of a have different images in b. Therefore, f is 1, 1. I hope you understood the problem. Bye and have a nice day.


Hello everyone, welcome to the KubeCon at Detroit. Today, I would like to take five minutes to share with you about Intel's perspective on open source or innovation in cloud computing and some of our exciting developments in this area. Intel is committed to the success of the open source community because open source provides an incubating platform for innovation. Open source is good for our business but also good for the entire industry. Intel operates at virtually every layer of the cloud technology stack. We have started to take a software-first approach and open source community plays a key role in that. Our work in the open source and the close collaboration we have been had with the upstream developers are crucial to our mission and our success. It is our goal to make sure that the open source community is benefiting as much from us as we are from them. One great thing about cloud is that it hides the complexity of the hardware and infrastructure from the end users. You may think that the low layers of the cloud technology stack do not matter anymore but after joining Intel for over one year, I have realized how important the low layer of work is to the cloud. I have had the opportunity to really dig in and see how efficiency, acceleration, and isolation at the silicon layer can help with cost, performance, and security of the cloud. Just to give you one example about how hardware topology aware scheduling helps with performance and cost. You may know that the CPU and memory on a physical server are grouped into numerous nodes. Obviously, inter-numer node communication will be slower than inter-numer node communication. Therefore, if the cloud scheduler can take the low layer hardware topology into consideration, your workloads performance will be enhanced. The CPU and memory on the server will be used more efficiently which results in lower cloud cost. We all know how important data security is in the cloud. Today's cloud supports data security when the data is addressed or in transit but not when the data is in use. To fill this gap, we need confidential computing technologies like SGX and TDX to build a trusted execution environment around the data when the data is being processed. Hardware topology aware scheduling and confidential computing technologies are just two of the areas we have been working with the upstream community to take the cloud cost, performance, and security to the next level. To take the cloud to the next level, there's still a lot of innovation and work to do. The industry is moving from bare metal to working machine to container and then to serverless function. Serverless enables developer velocity by offloading from the developer side to the cloud platform side, not just how but also when to run a workload. Serverless offers many benefits but it also brings some challenges. Two of the major challenges are code start latency and auto scaling speed in response to a burst of traffic. To solve these challenges, we have been working on a new snapshot-based container image to start run a workload which greatly reduces the code start latency. We are also developing a new auto scaling approach to increase the scaling speed when there is a burst of traffic. This is just one example of the innovative work to solve the pain points in the cloud. Intel has contributed to many open source projects. This slide just shows a few of the projects we have been contributing to. As you can see, our contribution to the cloud spans all the software stack. If you are curious, you can learn more about our work at Intel Boost in the solutions showcase. You may be surprised at what you will see and we would love to get your feedback. There's a lot more I would like to cover but I can only say so much in five minutes. I would like to say again that Intel is committed more than ever to the success of the open source community. Please continue to give us your requirements and feedback and please come to see us at the Intel Boost. Together we can do great things and drive more innovation from silicon to serverless. Thank you very much and I hope you'll enjoy your journey at KUKA.