There we go. Homework from last day. Most common mistake I see, kids get the forces okay and they do MG like that and then what they do is they do perpendicular this far and they draw this parallel to the ground. So they call this MG perpendicular and they call this MG parallel. That's not the way we drew this. You want MG to be the hypotenuse of your triangle, not this long one here. You want the parallel to be parallel to the slope so you would want to draw this as that far and that far. Otherwise your trig is going to be wrong and everything after that is garbage. Having said that then, can we all go back and look at example eight right here?  So here was our analysis, here was our situation. Nicole we said we had the mass sliding up a rough ramp so it's going to slow down really really quickly. In fact we said if it's sliding up friction and MG parallel are in the same direction. Your equation was winner plus winner equals MA. Oh we said friction is mu times a normal force which is mu MG, it was mu, I don't know the normal force, it was mu MG parallel perpendicular, sorry MG perpendicular which was MG coasts we said. We found that the acceleration was 6.02. Then let's continue on. Part C says find the time to stop. If I want it to stop I know v final is zero. Now I called the acceleration negative. The reason I called the acceleration negative now Brett is we're slowing down, we're slowing down so it's negative acceleration from last unit and if I crunch the numbers I'll get this zero minus 20 divided by negative 6.02. I'll get the time it takes for this block to come to a stop as zero minus 20 divided by negative 6.02. 3.32 seconds that's part C. How far up the slope does the mass travel before stopping? What are they asking me to find for part D? Distance. So I'll go D equals question mark. Let's see I know that T equals 3.32. I know that Vi I believe was 20. I know that A is negative 6.02. Oh I can do this. D equals Vi T plus a half A T squared. 20 times 3.32 plus 0.5 slowing down so negative 6.02 3.32 squared. And I think I said before I'll say it again I like this question I like this question I like this question. 20 times 3.32 plus 0.5 times negative 6.02 times 3.32 squared. And I get 33.2 meters. Is that right? You get the same thing? Anyone? Yeah. So having said that questions from the homework now is your chance to ask. Today is a continuation of the last lesson. Today is just called advanced inclines. We're gonna look at yuckier inclines but it's gonna be the same concept. Any questions you would like me to go over? Yeah. Eight. Eight is very similar to the one we just did. Were you writing down what we just did? No? Then I'm gonna say later on tonight or later on in class if you copy this down because number eight, say on your example eight, in number eight do you not have an initial velocity in your look at yours? Yes? Is it sliding up the hill? Is there a coefficient of friction? Is it asking how far it goes until it stops or how long until it stops? I think that's what we just did here. So I would normally absolutely do that but I thought I was preventing your question by doing this one right now so if you were zoning out I'd say that's too bad. Watch the video or look at the notes later. Any others? Love to do number eleven. Okay. A five kilogram mass is at rest on a 15 degree slope. Find the value of the coefficient of static friction. We did say there was two types and the author is gonna be accurate on that but we said we'll just pretend there's one. I'm gonna dull. So here's my ramp. What's the angle? 15 degrees so my ramp is way out of scale because that's probably near the 45 degree angle. Who cares? Here's the mass. What are the forces acting on the mass? Get the obvious ones. Good old MG down. Normal force. Now it says that it's stationary. So if it's stationary which way is friction acting? Upwards because the gravity wants to pull it downwards so I know friction this way. Oh but I need to break gravity up Brett. I'm gonna break gravity up into MG perpendicular and MG parallel. Is that okay so far? Okay. Who's winning? Well it's a trick question. I think it's a tie because it's stationary but when in doubt if I'm not sure I usually like gravity win because I know usually things want to fall down so I'm gonna go like this. I'm gonna call MG parallel because that's what's pulling it down the hill minus friction and Brett why does that equal zero because the mass is not it's excel it's not accelerating stationary so I know that the net force is zero and I heard you say because they're the same in fact Brett if you just did that right away I'd be okay with that step if you said look these two here have to be the same size. In fact I'd say excellent for spotting that without having to write the winner minus loser. Friction is what times what? I don't know the normal force. Oh but look look look look another force same size as a normal force what? So I'm gonna drop down MG parallel and this is mu MG perpendicular and now I'm gonna start to do a little bit of trig. We said that as long as we draw our triangle the same way this 15 degrees right here Brett ends up being this 15 degrees up here. Let's do parallel opposite adjacent to hypotenuse which trig function. Turns out MG parallel is gonna be MG sine of 15 when you do the cross-multiply thing. What about MG perpendicular adjacent and MG is what I always go back to is the one that I know Andrew so I have an A and an H Brett which trig function there. Turns out it's gonna be MG cosine of 15.  As it turns out the M's cancel and the G's cancel and I end up with sine of 15 equals mu cos of 15. How would I get the coefficient of friction by itself Brett? No. What's happening between the mu and the cos mathematically? Times inks so how to move the cos over? Just divide. It turns out mu is sine 15 over cos 15 and Matt remembers that sine over cos sine from math 12 is what? It turns out it's a tangent. You guys don't know that yet those of you math 12 you'll eventually learn that sine divided by cosine is actually the same thing as tangent. Turns out it's the tangent of the angle. Engineers would use that shortcut if they were you know designing roads and the grade on a road and things like that. Is that okay? Brett yeah? I like that question. I like that question. We call that a static equilibrium question. Very nice. Any others? Going once? Going twice? Okay if you're done with that if you want to hand it in either today or the next couple of days and take a look at the lesson I just gave you then. Less than seven please. Advanced inclines. So your test right now I figure is going to be around the tenth. Ready? What kind of curve balls can we throw at you? And I think at least one of these would be fair game for a written but I'll let you know level of difficulty as we go through. Example one says how much force is required to pull this ramp this mass up the frictionless ramp at a constant speed? I would do two things here. I think Emily if I was a good student I would underline frictionless because that makes the question easier but there's a trigger phrase. You with me now? Okay there's a trigger phrase here and the trigger phrase there is constant speed. Emily what does constant speed mean? Ah that means that my acceleration is zero. Now that means something really important this unit it means when I go winner minus loser equals you know what my equals is going to be? Why zero because what's force? What times what?   How are we going to start this off? How have we started off almost every force question we've been doing so far? I think we're going to now I call it a free body diagram. Since they gave me this lovely picture I'm just going to label the forces right on here I'm not going to go walking over here representing the mass as a dot. If I had to I would if my diagram was too cluttered but for now let's label the forces. What are the forces acting on this? Get the obvious ones. Gravity I'll draw it nice and big MG. What else? Normal force which is at a 90 degree angle to the surface. What else? I heard it. Since it's a rope we've traditionally called a rope tension so let's put a little arrow here and put a capital T for tension. Friction? No by the way if they wanted to make this tougher could they have added friction? Which way would friction be acting if I'm trying to pull up and not succeeding? Which way would friction be acting? Down. What extra force? Mute times a normal force? I don't know the normal force. Oh look I know another force. I can get it. Now this is my free body diagram. Now I'm going to break gravity up into components with a dotted line and this is MG perpendicular and this is MG parallel and this angle right here is 40 degrees. Right we said as long as you draw perpendicular then parallel that top angle will always be the 40. We proved it once so we said good enough. Who's winning? Ah what did we say? It's a tie. So can you see what my along the incline equations going to be? What two forces are the same size in this diagram? That's my equation. Because Emily noticed that constant speed means a equals zero. In fact you know what Brett this is almost this is mathematically the same as yours that was standing still because standing still means no acceleration as well. Einstein was the one who said you're standing still you're moving at a constant speed. You can't tell a difference and mathematically there is no difference. Oh and I think tension is what they want me to find when it says how much force is required to pull this mass up at a constant speed. Okay MG parallel let's do the trig opposite adjacent or hypotenuse opposite adjacent or hypotenuse. Which trig function? Yeah I think most of the time parallel ends up being sine except not always I can think of a few weird ones where it does not specifically if we were tugging upwards at an angle and had to break another force into a component. So I don't memorize like we did last unit while I here it's I draw the triangle out but then I realize that I know the hypotenuse so it's going to be cross multiplying. So the shortcut is once you know the trig function it's the hypotenuse times the trig function which is sine 40 and we're done. The mass is seven g is 9.8 sine 40 degrees. How big is tension? 44.1 yeah 44.1 Newton's. So what kind of questions now I'm starting to think about those essay questions remember there was one on your last test those using principles of physics right to explain questions. So what kind of additional questions could I add to this? Well oh as theta increases as the angle increases what happens to the tension. Okay as the angle increases what's going to happen to your tension is it going to get bigger smaller or stay the same and convince me what if we got to here what would the tension be more specific wouldn't it be? In fact aren't we using the Blackabee theorem again? From last day we okay increases use the Blackabee theorem. I would write more than that if it was a test Emily I would say if it's level ground tension zero if it's vertical tension is mg so as theta increases tension increases I could do that. In fact we sort of answered this question with that skateboard one never mind we'll come back to that one. Next page. Two objects are connected as shown M1 is 12 kilograms and it sits on a horizontal surface has a coefficient of friction of 0.17. M2 is 9.8 kilograms and it sits on a frictionless surface at an angle of 56 degrees find the acceleration of the system okay but no relax you know I'm gonna do first I already got the dope in front of me you still know someone doped for me I were another dope neither will I gulp I will plunge right in it's a force question you know what I'm gonna do first darn right I'm gonna label the forces oh that's a great point what do you guys want to use let's use 42 degrees means I stole that diagram from somewhere else and changed it what are the forces acting on this mask at the obvious one what else and I'll call it normal force number one since the other masses also on a surface so I'm assuming there's gonna be two what else which way why I have to use my imagination a bit there's no way this can be moving to the left if it's moving at all this is pulling it down into the right and it might not be moving if I get a negative I'm going to assume it's moving to the right if I get a negative acceleration now what that's telling me Trevor is friction isn't enough this mass is not enough to overcome the friction of this mass and it's not going anywhere but let's assume it's moving to the right so friction force one is to the left what else tension that's what's pulling it to the right what are the forces acting on mass to get the obvious ones gravity straight down what else normal force number two what else tension this way what else I would normally say yeah but it looks like that mass over there is friction list for some strange reason otherwise I would have friction acting in this direction to Caitlyn but don't need it I think that's it ah I got a real issue though because I want to incline before I do anything else now I'm going to break gravity up into its components mg perpendicular and mg parallel where this angle here and this angle here are 42 degrees who's winning now this is tougher what we're going to do is we're going to walk along the rope which is level for the first part and angled for the second part sorry angled this way for you guys for the second part who's winning all right well I can't be M1 so we have to make the assumption if any force is winning what's the only force that could be a winner here which way is this whole thing moving to the right and down what's the force that's pulling it to the right and down don't say mg mg parallel is here's my winner here's my winner so anything that ends up pointing down the hill winner anything that ends up pointing up the hill loser winner now I'm going to walk her along the rope I run into tension up the hill loser oh I run into tension that'll end up down the hill Brianna winner oh I run into friction which is going to end up pointing up the hill once it gets over here loser have I walked down the entire length of rope then I've got them all and since I've been looking at more than one mass it's M1 plus M2 times a and you know what I should call this I think I called this M2 so over here I should have an M2g parallel shouldn't I otherwise I might get my M's confused and cancel when they don't tension cancels yay what is M2g parallel well let's look at the trig here's my angle opposite adjacent or hypotenuse opposite how about here which trig function is M2g parallel so we're gonna get M2g sine 42 minus counter friction is what times what I don't know the normal force oh but look look look look look look look I don't know the force same size as a normal force what which which one M M1g okay and this one's nice and level so we are back to our familiar from grade 11 where mu where normal force was always equal to mg it's not on the angle so mu M1g and Connor how to get the a by itself what would I do with that bracket let's do that on this line is that okay well not divided by a mr. do it the acceleration is going to be M2 9.8 g also 9.8 kind of convenient sine 42 minus mu 0.17 m 12 m1 g is 9.8 all divided by 12 plus 9.8 bracket 9.8 times 9.8 I guess gonna use my squared button sine 42 close off the sign minus 0.17 times 12 times 9.8 close off the top divided by open a bracket 12 plus 9.8 close off the bottom do you get 2.0 3079 3 am I right 9.8 9.8 sine 42 minus 0.17 12 9.8 divided by 12% am I right yeah acceleration equals 2.03 meters per second squared before you turn the page before you turn the page find the tension that'd be a nice part B to this question to find the tension how many masses are we gonna look at just one which mass I don't know do both masses have tension on them then I can use either one I'll try and use the one where tension is on the winner side because it's easier to get the t by itself then I think I'm gonna use mass one what's my equation going to be here if I just look at mass one who's winning tension who's losing oh okay tension minus friction equals m1 a tension equals m1 a plus friction force one Mitchell friction is what times what I don't know normal force oh but look look look look look look in fact it's gonna be m1 a minus mu m1 g right that's not too bad equation to generate tension equals m1 12 a 2.03 minus 0.17 times 12 times 9.8 shouldn't it be plus yes it should be plus I don't know why it became minus suddenly mr. do it thank you who caught that corner I was wondering because I was doing the math in my head and getting a negative answer and going what the heck is this yeah anyhow it's gonna be 12 times that number plus 0.17 times 12 times 9.8 and I get 44.4 newtons how else could I make this nasty so look at the question that I gave you what if instead I gave you tension and mass one could you use tension and mass one to find the acceleration and then once you knew the acceleration what if I didn't tell you mass two could you use tension and mg parallel to find and acceleration to find mass two yep that's an easy curveball to throw at you I think there's one of the homework or there's one in your review which is why I'm not doing one right now example two how would you determine which way this system moves well there's a problem here if this is heavy and this is light I'm pretty sure this will pull this up the slope but Joe if this is pretty light and this is really heavy Joel I think this could pull it down the slope and it also depends on what friction is right here if friction is really really big maybe they're an equal how would I determine the direction now I'll be honest in real life I would guess and I would probably guess this guy is the winner and I would solve for a you know how I would know I had guessed wrong I'd get a negative answer and all I would do very quickly is point my friction in the opposite direction in other words if I thought this was winner this was sliding up I would have had friction pointing that way no this is winner than frictions pointing that way I don't even need to redo the equation I change a plus sign to a minus sign I tweak it slightly and I can quickly resolve it get the right answer that's what I would do it's the fastest way but here is the mathematical way what are the forces acting on this get the obvious ones what else what are the forces acting like this guy get the obvious ones sorry MG big MG normal force and tension oh and big M mr. Duke capital MG perpendicular and capital MG parallel look at your rope two forces cancel first of all or what one force cancels tension does which two forces are in opposition to each other along the rope and one G and and parallel if parallel is bigger you know which way block M is gonna slide down the hill if parallel is smaller you know which way block M is gonna slide up the hill and that's the answer to this if M1 G is greater than MG parallel big M slides up if M1 M1 mr. Duke if M1 G is smaller than big MG parallel M slides down but to be completely honest rarely do I crunch the numbers like that usually I assume the one that gravity is pulling straight down on is the winner and if I get a negative answer it's a quick and easy fix and it usually just means changing a few things on my calculator for that matter like example three says find the acceleration of the system okay what are the forces acting on mass one get the obvious ones gravity what else tension what are the forces acting on mass two get the obvious ones gravity normal force tension who's winning because I need to know who's winning so I can figure out which way I'm gonna point friction well let's assume the five is winning and let's point friction that way let's assume it's getting pulled up that okay Brianna oh and components M2 G perpendicular and M2 G parallel what's the winning force here overall what force is causing this whole thing to accelerate when you walk along the rope itself what's Emily giggling over and smiling for questions that we don't know the answer to but we can solve the first question I asked which is the winning force we may not know why Emily was smiling enigmatically but we know this who's winning there's two of them on there I need more specific please someone said gravity I got gravity here and gravity here and I got more specific the exact name of the force you think these guys are winning if this was winning then friction would pointing up the hill I've decided to let this be the winner I think this is pulling this up the hill even though that mass is bigger I'm gambling that the friction and the slant isn't that big is that okay or if I lost you I can't read you guys right now yeah Kara I have no idea what you're saying I heard the word why and then your volume went back to the original again I didn't have I had to guess something you just guess you know how I'll know I guessed wrong if my acceleration ends up being what negative I'm gonna let that guy now as soon as I decided that I pointed friction down the hill if I had that this guy be the winner friction would have been up the hill which is the only if you guess wrong change you have to make to quickly redo the question oh and to do that all you do is make the friction positive if it was negative or negative if it was positive very very easy fix to do so let's let this be the winner for now if I get a positive acceleration then Emily I'll know I'm right winner then I run into tension which is a loser what about this tension here well and when I follow it all the way around it ends up being winner down the hill friction ends up being a loser followed all the way it ends up pointing up and slowing down and there's one more m2g parallel ends up being a loser as well and that equals m1 plus m2 times a so again all I did here was guess what my winner was and I'll see if I'm right oh tension cancels I get m1g minus friction is what times what friction is what times what you times a normal force I don't know the normal force oh but look look look look look another force same size is a normal force what this is going to be mu m2g perpendicular minus m2g parallel that equals m1 plus m2 times a let's go label our diagram and do the trig this is 30 right here which means that this is 30 up here Jacob m2g parallel opposite of Jason their hot news I agree what about m2g I thought news I agree what about perpendicular I agree so if m2g perpendicular is adjacent you know which trig function I'm going to drop into here coast and if m2g parallel is opposite you know which trig function I'm going to drop in here my next line is going to be this m1g minus mu m2g coast 30 minus m2g sine 30 dedication and Sean how to get the a by itself I want to do that on the same line can I do that right now if that's okay divided by m1 plus m2 times a let's plug in the numbers and see if we did guess right now look up look up if we guess wrong if we got a negative acceleration Brienne then that would be a loser put a negative there that's pointing in the wrong direction but a positive well we'll think about it it would look like this this would be your winning direction so winner make it positive this right now you have pointing in the wrong direction you have to point it up so you would still want to leave it a loser but you'd need to make that a loser be a very very easy fix to do if you redrew it really quickly and if I confused you don't worry I'll show you in a second let's crunch the numbers what's m1 5 what's mu 0.05 times 8 times 9.8 coast 30 minus 8 times 9.8 screen froze well while I'm getting the screen back from the dead can you substitute in the numbers and then try and get an answer please there's what I get when I plug things in 5 mass 1g minus co-direction mass 2g coast minus mass 2g sign it's a bit of typing but really top is all one fairly easy line to type divided by the bottom line I can do this all in one step and I'm going to bracket 5 times 9.8 minus 0.05 times 8 times 9.8 coast 30 close bracket minus 8 times 9.8 sign 30 close bracket closed off the top divided by 5 plus 8 you get 0.4927 or am I wrong let me double 0.49 0.493 if we go to three sig figs 0.493 meters per second squared character we guess right yes now put your pencils down for a second put your pencils down what if we had guessed wrong here's all I would need to do so I get a negative here go I go like this look up really quickly draw friction in that direction this is now the winner this is now a loser friction is still a loser so all I would change is that and that that's a loser that's a winner it's a really easy fix you can rewrite everything if you want to but you really don't need to okay and I thought I turned something on that was supposed to make all that stuff vanish and it didn't so we'll have to do this manually undo undo there we go oh now that you know that could you find the tension yeah I probably use this mask to find the tension even though tension is the loser there's way fewer forces here you have one two three forces here you only have two forces of the an easier equation to solve example four and I think this is the last one yep I like this question in that this question combines everything we've done so far this year we're going to use some kinematics and all sorts of stuff it says this at the top of the hill an 84 kilogram skier has an initial speed of 5.8 meters per second the ski hill has a coefficient of friction of point 08 after the skier skis through a vertical drop of 3.2 meters what's his final speed Nicole you know I'm gonna do here first once I wake up doll yeah I'm gonna draw a little picture well played Nicole well played I'm gonna have my skier skiing to the right and down so here's my hill and I'm trying to think here I think I need a theta and I think I forgot to give a theta in this question okay it's okay back there so I keep hearing little noises and it's irritating shush thank you um let's see I gave you a vertical drop of 3.2 yeah I need a theta assume theta equals 16 degrees 16 degrees here's my skier how can I find his final speed well that's v final what have they told me what have they told me vi that's nowhere near enough they told me the vertical distance but have they told me the distance down here can I figure it out though well yeah if I redraw this triangle with a 3.2 and a 16 and an X how far along the slope does this person go how can I solve that can I yeah opposite hypotenuse which trig function now this time I'm finding the hypotenuse which means I better write this out the sine of 16 equals 3.2 over X I think X is going to be 3.2 when I cross multiply divided by the sine of 16 what's the distance down the hill that this person travels you guys get 11.609 11.61 so he travels for a distance of 11.61 meters I have vf I have vi I have d what else can I find from this information well what are we been finding an awful lot so far during this unit the acceleration and Katie I think that's what I'm going to spend the most time on this question doing I'm going to solve for a here's my drawing but I'm going to put the skier right here what are the forces acting on my skier get the obvious ones what else what else is their friction yeah which way which way up the hill I need to break up MG into components so there's MG perpendicular and there is MG parallel by the way the only reason I didn't draw this on here is because to draw this on top of my skier I didn't think I could fit it in on because I put this on the left side of the margin so I quickly drew it here who's winning free so my equation is going to be MG parallel minus who's losing friction not very much friction we're on snow and that equals since it's only one mass ma this is going to be MG parallel minus friction is what times what I don't know the normal force oh but look look look look look I know the force in size is normal force what it's going to be mu MG perpendicular equals ma Connor how big is this angle how big is this angle 16 opposite adjacent or hypotenuse adjacent hypotenuse adjacent so for parallel the trig function because I know the hypotenuse this time it's going to be hypotenuse times sine MG sine 16 minus mu and perpendicular ends up being coasts this equals ma oh you know what I notice something cancels what John the masses cancelled turns out it means that by the way this is why an adult and a little kid can ski next to each other without having to constantly adjust their speeds otherwise wouldn't work parents could not ski with their kids oh a is gonna be 9.8 sine 16 minus 0.05 I think that was mu let me double-check 0.08 sorry times 9.8 times the cosine of 15 what's my acceleration down the hill cosine of 15 how about cosine of 16 mr. Duke I did that up here too you get an acceleration of 1.947616917 yeah how about 1.948 1.948 meters per second squared so I'm not done that's not what the question asked Nicole what did this question ask okay vf squared equals vi squared plus 2 ad vf squared equals what was vi 5.8 squared plus 2 times 1.948 times how far do we say you're sledding for 11.61 now 78.86 is way too high that's the it's you're going faster than on the freeway oh but that's cuz we didn't find vf what is this equation find us vf squared is 78.9 how do I find vf take the number and do what square root 8.88 meters per second about 32 kilometers an hour sure that seems okay okay what's your homework number one number two three four one two three four so far seven and then technically you can now do every question on the big unit review although I'm gonna look at some weird examples so you can work on those take home quiz next class


that stands in everything from working on reform efforts across the states, working on federal reform, to litigation in a couple of states where we're doing more to research and both policy research and other companies. I'm going to give you any discussion about this program. I have the voting right between the district team program manager and the common cause. What we're going to focus on right now is mostly focused on charter reform efforts. We can watch a lot of new issues, setting up a good district commission in the state of Los Angeles, and the other one is the case that we forgot. Everybody, Dan Kukun, the director of redistricting and reputation and common cause based here in Southern California. Now, we'll find where they're at in the courts, in the ballot box, in the ownership, lobbying, all of them. At the end, if you have a question, we have no cards in the back. So please write your question on a note card in the back and then the picture on here. Please raise your hand. Is going to collect those note cards at the end and pick them out if we have time for questions. Many of us think that redistricting is a walking issue or getting on interesting. If you love so much here, some of you don't want to see here. I'm going to be here with regular people. The question is the only thing that happens every 10 years. But our district's from the local city council to congressional seats has a million very far from what we are in presentation means. And we've seen a grant of political division during angry threats. Turn them out for democracy. So. Are fully empowered. Thank you. The commission voters, not politicians. First, we'll discuss how we approach the city and community by community to enter the country. So first, let's take a step back. A little bit. Who draws the lines and redistricting now. So we're going to cost a little bit about the different hours that are used. Yes. Yeah. So just a table set. I think there's a whole number of ways to slice and dice the various different systems across the country. I'm a credit center. We have drawn more broad categories for. So. Um, the, uh, Uh, process. The third time of the district system are advisory commissions. And if you've been by three commissions, there is a commission that was that maps, but then send them to the legislature. There are variations here as well. There's some advice, for example, the legislature can only give, uh, uh, the draft mapping of. Uh, and there are states like Utah for the legislature. Or what the advisory commission does and just substitute it to older missions where citizens are free for conflicts of interest. Uh, and have full authority to adopt maps and generally represent Republicans, Democrats and. Uh, the structure and the number of commissioners on various federal states that currently there are four independent commission states that tiered California and Arizona. The pros and. Mission types. Yeah, I think there are. Uh, I think there are a few for putting these. Uh, states which you put in your traffic commission. That's a pretty solid way. Uh, we're more doing it now. So we have a different commission approach. Uh, we're going to have a deployment process before you can have a commission out there running. What role does the legislature play in our actual. Um, It's a multi defense process. We've been very liberal. Uh, they don't. Uh, you know, they don't even want that. But from the recent election initial, they're not calling it any. That's before the. The process started with commission. They want that for one way to distinguish. Uh, during the process. If you have a ban on. Um, Um, outside posts. Uh, then. Yeah. Make those calls to the people. Hey, director appointed. You're making a knot. I mean, Uh, So during the process, if you. Ensure all communication ground. I don't know. But that's really hard. And then. Uh, By the very end of when we have the, uh, you know, Actually it's an age. It's a. Uh, It's really a bad process. It's a commission, uh, commission itself. I would say. And here it is. The ability to, there's some places. Well, You can't really have to give it back. That's right. Sure. For example, the great white lives of process. Uh, Probably. And, um, The legislature really working the trash. Divide itself. I mean, I informed. There's a sole purpose of making sure. No democratic. Do you know, Uh, Oh, What, Right. Uh, I think it's. It's a really long history. Of. The degree for political gain. Um, In a modern parts of the country. California, California's very much. ridiculously. Can you give us a little bit of the history. Of how we got very California. With our independent commission. Welcome. level and also the level of the emissions? Yeah, let me start by, oh, that's nice. Hi, so I'll show you what I said before was brilliant. Let me tell you a little bit about how independent this was in California. And it really does kind of represent the kind of goals it stand for, and we have an equal number of Democrats are helping with the four-to-first panel. It really is a way to balance out the partnership. We have the four people who are not affiliated with either party. They are very strong, confident in their restriction of ensuring that they're on the side of it. Aren't allowed in the room. We don't put a locker here in the car and we select the officials, the lobbyists. There's no restriction on donors over a certain threshold. There's really robust screening process. It's almost like you've got to apply to college. There's essays, there's interviews. So just make sure that people are really committed and willing to do their work in a non-partisan and open way. You have requirements for going around the state, hearing from the public, you have no conversations about the act on and have it outside of the public meeting. So again, no spoken rooms, no calls, senior calls from legislators, like it's just not allowed. You've got a two-part selection process, sort of one that's randomized. And the initial group of disability represents diversity of state. It's up to those folks who would pick first to make sure that it does look like a state. Like the remaining commissioners really reflect the diversity of California. And I'll talk a little bit about how we kind of got to that model. I think it can be described as sort of a long, a decade-long process of realizing that politicians have no business doing anything when it comes to redistricting. I mean, you had an early reform that ended the power to statewide elected officials. It's all in the 1936 that we're giving to it. You have a free statewide elected official who are not legislators. They're going to be in power for this. That didn't work out so great. You had models in Hawaii, Pennsylvania, where I was a legislator, but they're having two parts now. At least, they were going to quit. You know, people were out of power to do business in the room to make those decisions. But at least there's going to be more under-offended transfer problems. And I think in that case, we sometimes saw, maybe sort of not so gentlemanly agreements protecting income. Then you had kind of next generation direct appointment by legislators. So it wasn't the legislators themselves, but again, sometimes that's random. People may know that they can give a rate to the saying, you know, like we, this is how they want it. You know, they should move one around the house. So again, I think we're slowly working our way toward a more independent model. And eventually we did a sort of Arizona. We had a direct appointment by legislators, but it's got to be from a screen list. You know, there was only, they've got five. It takes a look at folks. Make sure there's not countless businesses there. It takes a lot of, they don't have a lot of business doing the job. Then it has to say it's being phased. And then that eventually evolved to kind of California, Michigan, where we have a very, very limited role of legislators and a robust complex of interest in this that I described in the family out of nowhere. And now that's sort of where we landed. Legislators say, do you have a slight role where they can strike people from the list? Yeah, I think it was. Research that has some smoke out of all of the legislators. That's kind of how we got to what ends up being the most independent kind of standard models they see in California. We have two. Okay. All of the work that we did in California and to. Sorry. So we're still not. We have a question. So we'll be on the street at the end of the show. There were three bills that were before the government and the legislature. So they were focused on establishing independent redistricting permission in the state of Los Angeles, Orange County and Sacramento County. I think the big push for these came from information that we saw coming out of local redistricting processes where they weren't as independent as you thought. And so we saw political fettling. We saw, you know, people engaging in, what we determined, expertise in communication, conversations with commissioners to help draw those down as a line. So the big push, the assembly bill 1240 means it is to bring independent redistricting provisions to the larger jurisdictions here in the state of California. So for jurisdictions that have a population of over 300,000, they would be required by state law to establish independent redistricting permission. And then for school districts and for school boards who have a resident of over 500,000, they would be responsible to setting up independent permission to draw the boundaries for those school lines. We also see some of the same things that we play out in the redistricting process for the political line happening at the school board as well. I think one of the big techniques of the bills that we're seeing is that it's kind of the horrific things that we saw come out of building states in Los Angeles is really these push for some basic principles. And the basic principles kind of be on the item that Yuri touched on before, and that is including the next ban on extradition. Ensuring that the definition of community of interest is at the forefront of why the commissioners decide how they're going to draw those district lines. Thanks. We'll touch a little bit more on LA in a minute, but first I want to turn more to the national context. So Yuri, could you tell us a little bit more about what we're seeing across the country via the court cases or experiences of redistricting in other states? Yeah. I think all these things, there's a lot to say in terms of the somewhat physical state of redistricting across the country. I'm going to focus on a couple of things. One, I want to talk about the ways that the legal landscape has shifted as the U.S. Supreme Court has run for more over in partisan and really emboldened bad action by the legal interests. So over the course of the last decade, the U.S. Supreme Court gutted the voting right. And the 2013 shall be coming. The older decision had invalidated and left in one of the court provisions of the People of Voting Rights Act that required certain states with a history of discrimination to submit their maps for their parents before they took effect to the U.S. Department of Justice or to your medical judge. So for the first time since 1965, many of these redistricting cycle without those clearance protections communities of color for the first time locked those protections. They also, the U.S. Supreme Court also being more difficult to bring in cases under the other part of the Voting Rights Act, which is called Section 2, which allows private parties to bring in litigation after a policy or a map has been passed. That's not only the communities of color of the larger community to participate in the process. We didn't believe that in Section 2, but that was the instance based out of Alabama and Oregon. That was a huge victory, massive success. But if I'm going to emphasize that, that just helped the steps, that helped the line. There weren't any gains made in that litigation. The other big thing that I want to highlight, that I have expressed in the court has done, and there are many others, but this is the third one that I'll touch on now, is they definitively said that federal courts cannot release parties in the area. In the 2019 case of North Carolina in Ruja, in Hong Kong, the court said that that part of the jury member is bad, but federal courts cannot have the ability to listen to the knowledge or the standard needed to be able to resolve a part of the jury member dispute. So what did that mean? What did those legal developments mean as we went into this discussion in a second? Well, if you look at what legislatures across the country did, politicians across the country did, they took those signs to mean we have free money. And that's an important thing to remember, part of what the law does, part of what these legal safeguards do, is they have to go black. Bad conduct is made in simply as people feel like that there is risk and not one of them. And so, we have seen race and law across the country. There was no attempt to comply with the Voting Rights Act in states like Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, others. There were explicit attempts in places like Florida to ignore the state constitution and the protections that voters of color get from the state constitution in Florida. And the Sanctis specifically targeted a district that gave black voters an opportunity to recover from her candidate in northern Florida and said, no, dismantle that district. We took maps into the legislature. Again, before the state constitution, we applied for legal aid, but every single time the process went back to the same political mission that's submitted during Vanderbilt, over and over again. And what that means is the 2022 election was felt using backgrounds. And given the close control of the Congress is, when you look at the fact that the scripting for the maps were placed in Alabama, in Georgia, in Louisiana, we have courts that have decided these spaces when you start to add up these districts, it's a massive, massive, massive crime. And so the thing that I want to convey is that democracy space is harder to unwind hard because elections happen and we have to live for the consequences of those elections. And it's absolutely critical that we have and it may be in states in which it wouldn't necessarily produce perfect maps, but certainly when you look across the country, they aren't changing with the same sort of overt attempts to immortalize the communities and this new representation. So speaking of how we get to good maps, obviously independent commissions take the power away from the law institutions and put it in citizens' hands to draw those lines but what are independent commissions actually doing that's so different from these other models that makes a difference to communities and it could kick us off. Yeah, I mean, independent commissions place a really huge focus on putting people first, getting input from communities. There's obviously requirements and laws that create these commissions but just to make sure the ways they're picked means that they really have a good faith desire to hear from the public and learn and not to draw masters with or manage me. Talking a little bit about how I place that both kind of forward during and at the end of the process when it resolves. The California Commission had 203 mapping sort of community sessions just introducing people to the idea of where the street was, kind of a reminder. Radio advertising, billboards, bus stop ads, social media they put in as newspapers, weeklys, there's even kind of an interesting creative program to solicit community interest information from jails. People who are in the jail system and they've got 1,300 packs back from really fasting information on them. During the mapping process we had 200 fully public and live stream hearings on mapping. Tens of thousands of California's gay public comments we have hundreds of organized constituency groups that weigh in. We also have language interpretation of that community and put some people to respond to in the language that they chose. What are some outcomes? How do we actually do for communities? I'm going to talk about a few stories that are in a great report on California common cause co-authors California and it's a short thing or institute that really stands closely in the works of California's commissioners. For starters, there were no losses that we heard Yuri take off several losses per second because that's how the industry goes. There's map drawings, somebody's shoes incredibly the California does the process, nobody's shoes. There were some interesting specific stories kind of in little areas of Turtle County and San Barbara County that they should be kind of united with really very wealthy coastal communities. It didn't really make a lot of sense when they got community feedback or its process ended up in their own in their own districts. So like Latino and Asian American majority of those districts were brought directly from the input. There was a to get very granular to think about the way that California commission really listens to very granular specific community input. There was an Asian American neighborhood in San Jose, very awesome which talked about community center that they shared with their neighbors and their language classes that really that the community used in high school, that was kind of central to everybody local community. There was testimony from Latino in Kern, Davisville County in Central Valley about the need to keep to the communities out of their children and grandchildren of undocumented girls and what some of the economic inequities that those communities make and essentially keep them together and also the Latino majority district right. So just a huge difference I'm not necessarily talking about other states but Colorado also has an independent commission created. There was a big push including from Common Cross to get a majority Latino district and although we need to quite get the majority of the Latino influence district it matters it matters. So this input matters that are behind this. I just, I mean I think what Dan is laying out is critical and I just want to take a half step because what redistricting is all about and why it happens is because of the population change. Communities evolve, states evolve, demographics shift the way that people live changes over the course of time and ours is a system that is supposed to adapt with these changes by the census to track them from a population standpoint and it's actually by the redistricting cycle that exists from this standpoint at least from a numerical standpoint we need to rebalance districts from the standpoint of each one having probably the same number of people but there also needs to be that qualitative component and that's what Dan is discussing redistricting injects that qualitative component by looking to the people who are most familiar with their communities and the ways that they evolve rather than looking to elsewhere and then what is that elsewhere? Well if you look at other states mostly it's they're looking at specifically as the sophistication of data has increased so has increased the sophistication of there is a very good understanding of alternatives that sit in backgrounds and iterate over and over and over again trying to control for all the variables to produce specific political outcomes and that's the real difference is whether the process is about generating certain outcomes as the front-end poll or whether it's about capturing communities and then making sure that the way the districts work to configure to come to that end complies with various state funds that make sense from a partisan standpoint from a critical standpoint and I guess those are really the differences in point when you look reduced to a way which is so crude and even if what that breeds is grouping people together that may not share much at all and that creates the entire political process from the way campaigns are run and what candidates will do to the sort of polarization that we're seeing and while the political science is uncertain around the link between very Mandarin globalization and talk to lawmakers there's certainly acknowledgement that because the competition is exclusively at the primary level because the districts are wrong to perform consistently at the general level that that impacts the tenure of the logistical discourse in the way that business gets Thanks. Now we should go a little bit on address the elevated group which is that we are here in LA which had a huge redistricting scandal many of you may be aware of this angle already that happened this past winter when audio recordings were made of city council members or maybe racist indicative remarks but also putting attempts to potentially undercut the power of law and in response to this we've seen both legislation introduced on the state level as well as really strong local efforts of calling public lead in LA which Russia has been working on so Russia can you tell us a little bit more about where we are and how we got here so there's two actual cities that have a local couple and this is the West Hamlet and they have a couple of those issues so the local response is in both jurisdictions they're calling for independent redistricting in both jurisdictions and the goal is to put valid initiatives before the voters hopefully in November of 2024 the voters can decide to establish independent redistricting commissions in both of these jurisdictions so those commissions are currently set up right now based on some of the definitions of year-to-year officials and that have their opponents to their chosen person kind of that they're wouldn't be dealing with so we saw that explicitly on this you know we've heard from a number of states that are going to say like get your person in order what makes your person unique to this map and they need to be called back to the table and since then there is what they call the HAVTOP committee for governing the reform which is itself a committee of the city council and it's part of their community that needs to be regulated they are trying to gather input from the public from organizations like Britain Center from organizations like how do you set a vision what should that look like what should be a forefront what should we set up here in LA and in San Francisco so to answer how we would be brought here it's like you just thought and how we would implement a process and really the purpose of that endpoint was how do I preserve my seat how do I preserve how do I draw this map so that I have the chance at my name to be the representative of this seat which is to a lot of the point from a period of time is that it really undermines the electorate and their ability to choose what we are observing mostly is that the champion for independent redistricting is coming up all over so it's from a lot of grassroots organizations so grassroots efforts are really leading the way here in Los Angeles and that's kind of one of the folks who are really on the ground the other folks are good government groups like the legal voting voters common cause Vernon Center other organizations and hyper-level media really hyper-level media is really paying attention to this issue and all of that that collective, that coalition together is really pushing this through what we're seeing in terms of principles that are coming out of this some high level principles that we're hearing that folks want to see the strength band on expertise and communication what we need by expertise and communications is the commissioner being able to have a conversation outside of the public meeting with an elected official for someone else to influence their decision-making the other principle that we're really saying is putting in the forefront of the definition for the community of interest and ensuring that that community of interest is at the forefront of how maps are drawn on the future another really large principle that we're seeing is ensuring that commissioners part are independently selected so like the official hand is hiding this in my person these people that we're going to put in the seats and ensuring that the people who sit at that table are individuals just like you and I we've gone through some of the stuff that Dan has shared before but they're coming to the table with an interest and a desire to decide how we're going to draw a district path and a district line in a way that protects their life and this is what it is and that was a really interesting pleasure talking about the local path to see you are working on a local level I as a legislative director from a state-wide level you've got this interplay going on between different advocacy efforts do you work best for this big jurisdiction or you know if you're going back to your state and our agency is headed into the commission so what would you do best for you so Rasha can you talk a little bit more about how you see that interplay work out in effectiveness so I think this is going to give me one but I'm not a lawyer I'm going to say it's independence so I think that at the Rasha's level we're seeing a happy interplay of the state legislation so there's a little bill in the movie before that the legislature on behalf of the governor says it's called Senate Bill 52 that would actually require the city of L.A. to have an independent redistricting commission by chief office of basic parameters by 2030 regardless of what the city does so if the governor decides to sign it L.A. has to do it if the governor signs maybe 1248 larger jurisdictions they have to do with some basic parameters and so I think that interplay it is beneficial recently because because once we allow the local jurisdictions to really hit down on the police they can decide for themselves what other parameters do we want to see what do we want to see really fleshed out and so I don't necessarily see them as a tension I just think it has to go off on the other and that you can either have a state representative put together a piece of legislation before you're being mandated and so we're seeing it all over the state at the local level at the state level and I think they'll both bear it out and they'll come out of it thanks for that I think that's one of the difficult things about independent redistricting is the fact that the four states that currently use it all have the impact is it's a bit of an outlier it's not worth going into the nuances there but essentially it was the incredible threat of the citizen's initiative that then brought the legislature into action and this kind of I feel like what's needed for reform in redistricting because the power of redistricting is to power once you have it you can give it up it is that there needs to be uncertainty there needs to be something that creates a little bit of opportunity I think part of that came from the political will and it didn't get over the finish line of the pandemic, we failed our efforts but there was real momentum going and the reason why is because in all likelihood because there is the governor's veto on material the legislature the Democrats there was suddenly the will of Republican leaders to give up the pandemic and give it into a process because they felt like going through the legislative process having them vetoed and having the process ended up at the state supreme court was probably going to reduce something more favorable to Democrats and like that it was going to be a process with good produce and so that created a bit of an opportunity so that's with good produce and so that created a bit of an opportunity so that's going to be to be steering the court making sure that there is steering the court making sure that there is a normal legislative process and the other thing that I'll say and the other thing that I'll highlight is don't turn your notes up better is better and even in a state like New Mexico where a fairly sweet advisory model was adopted on a structural standpoint it's still changed the game in terms of the public's engagement in redistricting and the public's understanding of redistricting and overall transparency in the process and that shouldn't be in my opinion because we should all be thinking about this in the long term and that first step helps a lot of additional performance possibilities that will take about all of the state of industry in Virginia I need to use sports allergies but I'll meet on football for this one sometimes you've got to get off your football and that means you're not level you've got to ask games you might be running the football to give yourself a little bit of freedom and so that's the other thing to cover this as a multi-step process and think about what part some of the new goals that are in this role even if there are days where you don't want to play football I really hope that takeaway don't be scripted so with that we do the college area and this idea of how it's not your business and I think a lot of people want to have parties well I think it works so parties have really robust databases that collect data from every single election they track every single voter that casts the ballot and they actually ascribe the likelihood that someone will vote has voted and what that person's like is they do that household by household by household and given that in data that's available and given the sophistication of data analytics it is really not that hard to actually get a pretty accurate picture of how different individuals will be able to and so then what people during the interview may be on a district map and then they run different elections, scenarios, group what happens if this is for the map in a very important year what happens if this is for the map in a democratic year what happens if the turn out is low what happens if the turn out is not how does this map perform in a presidential year in an interim year so on and so forth and the goal is to iterate into figure out what map will most consistently produce the same result that in French is one set of political interests to be a solution of others and walk in the majority of the sensitive to private orders Yeah, I'll just just add that the way that's done on a community level is to either pack or crack orders to put as many as one type of order and just do this as possible pack them so that maybe they can win over one majority maybe two districts or the crack a bunch of districts so they can't really win and what we heard on the L.A. takes, we listened really closely we actually hear one of the companies that says go back and record data do you have time to call your staff and I think that you were just talking about do you have to hand staff for these two staffers to go back to each other and I want to re-run these maps because they actually did really good for us the council members they wanted to make sure that this plan was actually losing which is great but that's what they were doing and they were re-running that box they re-run the data call your staff to go back so that you can see what that data looks like so we can produce the map that is bigger I think it would be great and in the end if you criticize what she's looked like how do you maybe get back and incorporate what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the what are the a lot of the report about the Health and Health Commission, about how to take in, if that's going to take in, do you think there's a difference? And really, it sometimes, I think, could feel like a fire hose, and it had a distribution between every particular opposing and new point that the commissioners do the best they can against the fake actors. I think they come out with pretty decent results, but I think that the challenge of mutual commission is really working out a process that, in an effective way, that's not the solution. Yeah, I think we're figuring out whether that could play a role in the issue of work. That's what I'm trying to figure out. I'll say, the thing about polarization has to be high, and so it's not that the sort of geographic distribution and the tendency of Democratic voters to live in cities and suburbs makes, builds it in an excuse to district maps. It's more that that reality has made it much, much easier to draw a very reliable guarantee. We should probably talk about what that number is. One side, we'll quickly respond and I'll test my colleagues with the effort. I think very long, which is free, for these alternate programs to set up in this category. Studying them here in Los Angeles, there was actually a little bit of a task. Multiple parties here, lots to be learned from that time. And in this long day, you have to think about information and the location of voters having many more assistance. So, whether that be, you know, right now, you know, most common elections in the local office in California, for no reason, it's a little different. And how can we extract voters? How do we form voters? And those are the unique priorities of the public conference, and like, how do we implement them, what form, the age? I think that there's still an opportunity to have a concept on these different political reforms in the MMI. But personally, I'll take on my kind of concept. I work on how to, you know, like, California, California is our city to have a support for our reputation. Very, very good. I think, I think it just, there needs to be more of a concept. You want to see that, I think it will be helpful. Oh. What do you all think, actually? I think this is more of a great question. What are your districts? What are your districts? Yeah, it's a very good question, and it's a difficult question to answer, because there are those brilliant details about why it comes to the multi-member districts right before it's going. So, first, multi-member districts first across the coast, which is, you know, better take off, does not work. That's a whole tool, I've got to say. So, that is kind of the worst of all. Now, multi-member proportional systems are very intriguing, and I think they're particularly intriguing. But the thing that I would say that they might, and none of you are saying, enforcing and whatnot, I think one, for instance, in our annotations, I'm looking kind of at our presentation. So, these are things that we are researching, we are thinking about when we do take the decision on these sorts of things. And anyway, they said why is because certain communities face all sorts of barriers in cultural representation. Certain communities are registered at different rates. Certain communities are now at different rates, and there are structural reasons for why that is based, and all of those sorts of factors need to be considered. You can't invent a number of proportional multi-member districts in the kind of a hypothetical scientific experiment to get what you have. Now, these, what I would say one of the things that I have been working on are state voting rights. And it's recently been trended with state voting rights acts, and California was the first Washington voting state was the second. Now, there is one in New York, where in New York, there's one in Pennsylvania, there's one in Oregon, and there are those, and mainly in Michigan and New Jersey and Maryland. It's an idea that's getting impacted on the features of state voting rights acts, is there is flexibility when it comes to how to vote rights. I would say in the group next, which includes things like the range of race voting, like individual voting, and so there is a certain awareness that we have to invent or expand simply, but I think there's also awareness that the specific facts and the circumstances matter. Will it work in one place, or does it certainly work in one place? Yeah, Congress was in the same place. I think we take the lead from local state voting to some kind of play out in that context. Now I've been involved in alternative voting, by itself, right? So it's probably going to be going to see if they can buy you. Most members of the system just haven't looked for questions. I was wondering, in absolutely no way, the California Congress supported a post-legislation that would reveal that before the California had its use. I think they're out of time. All right. I'm out of time, but thank you so much for those audience questions, and a huge thank you to our panelists.


And as an artist, at least I could be around something I love, at least I could be around the energy, be in a better space, work on something that I actually do care about, or you're like, shoot, I'm still trying to work my dream, but at least I can not hate my job while I try to be an artist and be in a job that teaches me stuff from different perspectives that I'm going to apply to my own artistry. It all works, but you have to keep these same things in mind, just as somebody who wants to be a regular professional and music does as well.