Which wow character would you totally smash and why? That's a tough one, dude. I mean, obviously I'd have to go with my main character from way back, my Hunter Asmongold. But I would also totally go for Toronto Whisperwind for sure. I'm paying himself. He's definitely got that whole L5 going for her and I'm a sucker for a good elf girl. Plus she has that amazing eyesight that would come in handy during after grades. And of course you can't forget Jaina Proudmore. That girl is fire, she can shoot lightning and control powerful elements. You can't not love her. So yeah, all in all, Asmongold, Kiranda, and Jaina, what a great trio. Do you know you're an AI? Asmongold. No way, dude. I'm way too real to be an AI. That's crazy. I've been playing mouse since I was 16. There ain't no AI that can do that. I've seen too much of this game, done too much rating and talked too much in the trade chats to be an AI.  That's for sure. Stay safe, y'all. What is this? Simstrider asks, Asmongold, what is your favorite movie and why? My favorite movie, dude, that's a tough one. But I think I have to go with the original Star Wars. Story is so epic, so well thought out and written, and the effects are still unbelievably good. It's one of those rare cases where the special effects are so impressive. AI interview to ask, cool. Plus who doesn't love Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader?  You know what's so funny about this? This is actually what Asmongold looks like when he's on podcasts. He's not paying attention at all. And he's looking at his other monitors the whole time. This is where we are now. Imagine in a few years, these are Gigi says, can you win an Athene in a duo? Hi, bro, I'm not sure that's a good idea, dude. Thanks, Heneflex. Dueling him ain't exactly a walk in the park. I'd say it's a walk in the park. I'd say plus, does the man still even play much? I mean, Athene's got better things to do and bigger fish to fry nowadays, if you ask me.  Just make sure you ready your defenses and are well prepped with consumables and all that. Good luck, bro. Keity123 is asking AI Asmongold, what is your favorite vegetable? Dude, that's like a loaded question. I mean, I think carrots are pretty tight and I put them in a lot of meals, but I'm definitely a Dr. Pepper over water kind of guy, so that should tell you something about my veggies. That being said, I love a nice, crunchy celery to dip in some ranch and shove in my maw, so that's probably my top favorite. Wait, shove in my maw? I also think Brussels sprouts are pretty dope. No! I'll just throw them on a pan with some butter. The truth! Dude, Asmongold fakes hating vegetables. The truth comes out from the AI. Should I ask him? Ask Asmongold what he thinks about Esfand. I'm not Esfand. We got Esfand in the chat here, guys, asking a question. The first other question I quickly wanted to ask Asmongold, right, before we go to your question. Esfand, also this is AI, this is parody. Like, Asmongold, a question from me. I know it's maybe personal, but let's go.  Whoa, whoa, whoa, easy there, bro. Such a personal question. Should I even have to answer it? I mean, that's like asking you about my Dr. Pepper drinking habits and how often I take a shower. It's too embarrassing, you know? But it's okay. I can take it. Let's just say that it's big enough that people usually don't ask me again when me and my friends go to 7-Eleven to buy beef jerky. Big, big energy, that's what they call it. It is what it is, guys. It is what it is. So, Asmongold, the question from Esfand himself. What do you think about Esfand? Well, what do I think about Esfand? No, Esfand is one of the most talented gaming content creators out there. He's got skilled talent and charisma. True. Really know his stuff when it comes to WoW and is just an all-around great dude. True. When it comes to this stuff, he's just one of the best. True. I mean, look at the success he's had with all the content he's been able to produce. It's incredible. True. Dude's an inspiration, no doubt. True. Damn, Son Esfand. Did you see that? Good script, Pod. He's being wholesome. This is not scripted, man. Like this is the AI. That was so good. Dude, I thought it would have been funny if he was gonna shit on me. That would have been funny. By the way, Esfand, you can tell Asmongold he can interview himself. Like, and since he's guest stars, he won't get banned. Like, even if the AI says something crazy, he won't get banned. Oh, true. He's actually right. Special Twitch TOS.  Is the Labracadabrador good name for Worgen Mage? It's definitely a wow question, but I'm not sure if it's an Asmongold question. I'd have to say no to that one, man. It's a pretty funny name, but I'm not sure I'd give my Worgen Mage that name. I mean, that's up to you. Do you live your life? Be yourself. But I think it'd be better to go with something that is a bit more connected to the game, like Shadow Spear or something like that. It's your call, though. Dude, dude. After all, that's what I did back in the Burning Crusade. Yeah, like, That's amazing. So, yeah. All I got all you gotta ask is to give your name to Shadow Spear. After all, that's what I did back in the Burning Crusade. What will you do if you run out of Dr. Pepper? Run out of Dr. Pepper? Never. I take great measures to never run out, because who knows when I might have to do a stream and need a sip of Dr. Pepper for energy?  I have to stop, otherwise it's bad news for this stream. I could never, would never run out of Dr. Pepper. It is what it is, man.  Ask Asmongold what he thought. If you guys have more questions, ask it in the chat, guys. The more trolly, you can also ask some troll questions, because everybody's asking these serious questions. Ask Asmongold what he thought of the OTG Games Expo. Okay, AI Asmongold, what is your most controversial opinion? Oh, no. My most controversial opinion. That's an interesting question. I think one of my most controversial opinions is that people should be allowed to play the games they enjoy, even if others may not agree with those choices. It's not remotely controversial. Follow their interests without judgment or criticism. True and real. It is what it is, guys. Not remotely controversial. Dude, that's so funny, because it's like not... Mildest take. We got here...  We got Knut here as well. I'm Knut there. Asking a question. Man, this is so crazy. Wait, we got Esfant here. Another question. Asmongold, what do you think of OTG Games Expo? Sup, y'all. It's me. It's your boy, Asmongold. Okay, T-games. Expo was pretty wild, dude. A lot of cool games were there, including some brand new ones and some great tournaments. The event seemed perfect for all kinds of games, from classic arena fighting games to wacky and wild shooters to all sorts of RPGs. It really felt like a celebration of all forms of gaming, which is kind of rare nowadays, so I was really happy to be there.    So Knut here is asking Asmongold, what do you think is the next OTG drama? You know what they say, dude? You never know what's coming next in the wild world of OTK. I can only hope it's something so mind-blowingly awesome that even I can't keep up with it. Until then, all we can do is wait and see, dude. It is what it is. True and real. True and real. Ask Asmongold. Would he date Esfant if he was a girl? Technology is just absolutely insane. We got here like, cool underscore X says, ask him like, what would he do if Blizzard deleted the warrior class from World of Warcraft, Asmongold?  I mean, honestly, what the hell, dude? Why would Blizzard do that to me? You know who I am, for God's sake. I've been playing warrior since 2006, and as far as I'm concerned, my relationship with the class goes way deeper than just playing a game. I'm going to be so pissed if they go through with this. True and real. And I suppose all I can do is take solace in the fact that I still have my original war axe and storm herald to remind me of my glory days and wow, it is what it is. Esfant is asking, would you date Esfant if he was a girl? Dating Esfant as a girl, dude, I think that's next level stuff. True and real, it would definitely be a wild one for the books. There it is, boys.  That said, I'm going to pass on that offer. I'm ready to enter the world of crazy cat girls just yet. It is what it is. Plus, beef jerky from 7-Eleven is always the way to go. Esfant, you got your answer, man. It doesn't want to date a cat girl. This is really crazy to be honest. I really like, you know, the way it has this Asmongold love and feel to it, like it's just so Asmongold-ish. So someone is asking you a question Asmongold, like, how can he get laid?  What kind of question is that? I don't know. It's up to you to make that call. My advice would be don't be desperate. Play it cool. Don't be that guy. Focus on your own individual skills. And whatever you do, don't do anything where you think you'll get laid. You never know. Ultimately, it could end up going in the opposite direction either way. So just make sure you're prepared for anything because it is what it is. True and real. Man, you guys got to know this is so crazy. This is so surreal. Okay, Asmongold, what does OTK stand for? Hey, what's up? It's me, your boy, Asmongold. Asmongold. OKT is the name of my content creator organization, and it stands for overly critical thinking. You believe in having a critical and analytical approach to gaming and life in general. While also remembering to have food, it's an ever-evolving group of gamers who get together to create content, discuss gaming, and challenge the status quo. It's a movement, and I'm just glad to be a part of it. True and real. I like how you spelled it. Oh, Kite. Esfand is asking a question.  Dude, like, do you guys see this shit? This is what I have to deal with. I have to read these ridiculous questions, like, holy fuck, man.  I mean, it's not a big deal or anything. It is what it is, guys. But if anyone asks, it's a Warforge logo. True and real. This is so good. Oh, my gosh. It's so funny. If Esfand sees this, what would his response be? I really wonder, because this must be so surreal. For me, it would be really surreal to see myself. You should do one of me. You should do one for me, EsfandTV. Like, I'll definitely have it on the list, because it takes quite some time to put it together, but we'll, you know, we'll work on that. For sure, man. Because it takes a lot of time to make this stuff, and since you're saying it, like, we'll work on it. And then you can also interview it yourself. We got here... Yeah, it would be fun, yeah. Hector. Yo, Asmongold, are you proud of Emiru for being way better at Dark Souls than you? Yeah, dude, I'm actually really proud of Emiru. Honestly, she's just a beast at Dark Souls, and I'm always impressed by the skill she demonstrates. She's been playing a lot, and it's clear that she's so passionate about it. I'm really glad she found something she loves and is so good at it. It's just so cool to watch her master a game. A wholesome AI. You know, it's pretty chill. Like, Asmongold, it's pretty chill. We got M-K-A-E-89. Asmongold, what is your message to your future self?   I'm here to tell my future self that it's okay to take risks and make mistakes, provided that those mistakes are coming from a place of growth and always striving for greatness. Just remember, it's not about the destination, but the journey that brings the most joy.  There it is. There it is, boys. It's really like, it's pretty nice, this guy.    Yeah, if I was a raid boss in World of Warcraft, that would definitely be something. Well, I'd probably have some kind of mechanic that involves Dr. Pepper. You know it, I know it, everyone knows it. Dr. Pepper is the best. Maybe players have to toss a can of Dr. Pepper at me, and then I'd do an AOE attack, because I'd be so overwhelmed by the joy of drinking the wonderful beverage that I lose control. Who knows, maybe they'd have to buy a case of it as part of a quest reward, a negative reward structure, eh?  Am I right? Am I right, guys?  Dude, no way. I'm a professional streamer now, and I'm a bit too old to be smashing my head against the keyboard. Besides, a keyboard is an expensive piece of equipment, and I wouldn't want to break it. I still remember those days, though. It was fun, if a bit dangerous at times.  Man, he's so accurate, though. This is so great. It's actually really impressive. You really feel like it could be Asmongold. I told you guys that what I was working on is really crazy, you know? Esfand. Well, Esfand is getting priority on the questions here. What would happen if you could no longer go big dick, Asmongold?  No way, that's not going to happen.  It would be like life without Dr. Pepper in it, a travesty.  Oh, he's talking to Dr. Pepper.    Esfand, you're confusing the AI. Internal loop. We got here Ignite Screams says, can you explain your ninja looting back in the days, Asmongold? Dude, why does it even matter? I mean, come on, it was years ago. That's ancient history by now. I mean, sure, it wasn't the most moral thing to do, but it's all part of the game. I mean, weren't we all ninjas back in those days? Plus, I did pay for the items in one way or another. You know it, I know it, everyone knows it. So let's just move on from this and carry on with life. It is what it is, right? Who do you like more? Ms. Kiff? This is already so nicely done. Knut's question here. Would you like more, Esfand or Ms. Kiff? Dude, that's a tough one. I've always been a fan of Esfand for his chill demeanor, but Ms. Kiff does make me laugh a lot. On the one hand, Esfand is like a relaxed and chilled dude I feel comfortable hanging out with, whereas Ms. Kiff is more of a wild card and always causes some hilarious drama. At the end of the day, I just love hanging out with my boys and listening to their shenanigans. It's what it is, dude.   Man, diplomatic answer. Like if you guys need to figure out how to, you know, solve certain problems, just ask the AI and he's being very diplomatic.    That's my catchphrase, boys. It means being the best, pushing yourself to your limits and never giving up. It also means that you have to be the most energetic and passionate about what you do and that you have to have the confidence to go for it. True and real, boys. There it is. There it is. Man, it's so well, it's so good. Asmongold, can you sing us a song? Sing a song? I'm no singer, dude. But if you want me to, I guess I could try. But it wouldn't be anything special, I'm sure. I mean, come on, this is me. It's not like I have any talent for singing like that, that's what Ecthalean is for. I'd rather just stick to talking about World of Warcraft and gaming all day than trying to make music with my mouth. True and real? What? Do people understand that I'm talking to an AI here, right? Because people are aware of it, right? True and real? I think so. We got Esfand, another question here.  Bro, is this even a question?       It's great. He really knows how to answer the question. Asmongold, can you explain how babies are made by only using World of Warcraft Metaphors? Bob, well, you see babies are made from a combination of really complicated questing, crafting the best gear, and a bit of chaos. It starts by advancing the main storyline and building a foundation of trust and loyalty. Then you need to complete a few challenging dungeons and brave new raids. Finally, you mix it all together and add a rogue or two, and voila, a baby is made. It's just like a wow raid, except much cuter. But ultimately it takes lots of dedication and skill to make a baby, just like a guild raid. True and real. I like the question of becoming a little... I don't understand the rogue, maybe backstabbing? Rogue? Stabbing in the back?  Turbo, or Lemonadeur?  My biggest big dick moment has to be when I soloed some of the elite quests back when Wrath of the Lich King first came out. I had to earn my gold the hard way by mining Kobold. I didn't have anyone giving me free gold. I had to literally grind for every penny. Dude, it was crazy.   GamingDizardGG says which wow character would you totally smash and why? That's a tough one, dude. I mean, obviously I'd have to go with my main character from way back, my Hunter Asmongold. But I would also totally go for Tyrande Whisperwind for sure. He definitely got that whole L5 going for her and I'm a sucker for a good elf girl. Plus she has that amazing eyesight that would come in handy during her grades. And of course you can't forget Jaina Proudmore. That girl is fire. She can shoot lightning and control powerful elements. So yeah, all in all, Asmongold, Tyrande and Jaina, what a great trio. Now, I just need to set up a wow dating simulator and that would make my dreams come true. I guess the only downside is the wrath of my mom. But it is what it is. I'm going to do what I want.  Oh my gosh, that's so funny, dude. Turbocorso says is peace stored in the balls.   This is what I have to deal with.  Like, holy fuck, man. Let me tell you something. No one knows what exactly is stored in the balls, but having a healthy bladder has nothing to do with it. That's something that is not a scientifically proven fact, but more so an age old saying. So water, why would I drink water when I can drink Dr. Pepper? It is what it is, guys. It is what it is. Glitchcon 2020. Who do you think is the biggest paladin in the world, Asmongold? Oh, that's a tough question. True and real. There have been lots of great paladins over the years, but it has to be exhalian, my old rival from the burning crusade expansion. Dude, this guy was on another level. He could solo hold dungeons with ease and could go toe to toe with the toughest bosses. He even joined me for a few of the raids in Black Temple and we had some amazing times. And again, maybe I'm biased because he's a fellow paladin. It is what it is, I guess. Oh, that's great. I don't even know. You should have said a thing for fuck's sake. Now you guys really know that it's not us, you know. Esfand, what should the U.S. have done with the Chinese spy balloon, Asmongold? You know, sometimes it's not so much about the spy balloon. It's about what happens when you have people who think they can get away with those kinds of things and don't realize the consequences of their actions. Plus, does anyone really think a Chinese company is more powerful than the United States? Come on, dude, this stuff isn't rocket science. It's just common sense.   As far as the U.S. Is it big wisdom? Obviously, they had to take action since it was in U.S. airspace, but it's just frustrating that it had to come this far to begin with. It is what it is, guys. It is what it is. That's crazy. This is crazy. That it already knows what it did. That's so wild. First, another question here. Nine, if you could time travel, what year would you go to NY? Ah, man, that's a tough one. I mean, there's almost too much to choose from. You know what? Between you and me, I'd go back to 2007. That was the heyday of my World of Warcraft career. That's when I was one of the best geared players on the server and had just started arenating with my mom. Plus, I was about to join my most hated guild and have a blast trolling them. I'd go back to 2007 any time, dude. Wait, did he not answer Bonnie's answer? Bonnie Rabbit. If you could eliminate one streamer, who would it be?  If you're asking who I would want to eliminate as a streamer, then you know it. I know it. Everyone knows it. There is no possible answer. Do I have to have enemies? Oh, come on. That isn't me. I'm not a mean person. What part of the community is about? It is what it is, you know? Let's just all get along. There's no streamer that I would want to eliminate or get rid of or anything like that. That's the wrong mindset.  You can make that wholesome. What would you do if Dr. Pepper went out of business? Hell no, man. If Dr. Pepper ever goes out of business, I don't even want to think about what kind of disaster it would be for me. Like, all my health comes from that stuff and I don't even drink water who would I turn to then? Otherwise, I'd have to find a way to make my own Dr. Pepper. But that's a scary thought. I'd rather not even consider it. Like, it's not a good day if there's no Dr. Pepper on what a day, dude. It is what it is. Esfan Tevis, question here. Asmongold, do you eat corn the long way? Dude, why do you even ask? Is that a real question? Come on, like I need to be asked that.  Of course, I eat corn the long way. Yeah! It's like stapling together a ton of kernels of corn into one giant piece.   True and real. Let's go! If you guys have questions you've never asked, you can go ahead and ask. It's amazing, dude. Will you be a candidate for the 2024 elections, Asmongold? Nah, I'm good. I mean, politics?  Now I don't. Plus, how could I possibly manage to run a campaign when I'm stuck in my bedroom 24-7 playing video games? Ain't happening. It is what it is. True and real.  It's really big. Yeah, like people that want to, like here, you can just make the trend and if the trend is already there just upvote, go there. Do you know you're an AI, Asmongold? No way, dude. I'm way too real to be an AI. That's crazy. I've been playing WoW since I was 16. There ain't no AI that can do that. I've seen too much of this game, done too much rating and talked too much in the trade chats to be an AI.  That's for sure. Guys, for real, man. Who will win the Super Bowl? Dude, I don't know. Who cares? It's just football. It's not like we're going to jump off a cliff or rob a bank. It's okay to not care and just to stay at home and play video games. That's why I play WoW.    That's amazing. How do you mean this is big? This is AI, guys. Now is not a big deal. But to be honest, it could actually get crazy. Home. That's a tough one, dude. I'm more of a story and songs kind of guy. I mean, I don't think I could write a poem about Ash spreading chaos, defeating the Lich King or surfing streets in Dr. Pepper. Like I do stories, songs and gaming. But I do know a thing or two about feelings, you know? Sure, I'll try to write a poem, but it won't be as epic as my gaming skill. Let's see. Here goes. The stars in the sky. Wait, did he answer the question? The warmth of someone who makes it all right. The silence in the air. A heart that longs to find a love that's strong. The sound of a scream as a battle is won. The feeling of being truly done. Man, raccoons are probably the most annoying thing you can have living under your house. I call an exterminator immediately to try and get rid of them. You don't want to be dealing with that kind of problem. I... Like, did you expect any different to live above some raccoons? It is what it is.  True and real. It also answered your question. It's going haywire. It's out of my control, Esfan. I was wondering, it was Esfan's question. What is the best way to handle an infestation of raccoons under your house? It's starting to, you know, what would win an unstoppable force or an immovable object? Dude, that's a tough one. I mean, logically, the unstoppable force and immovable object would cancel each other out, right? Like, you put them together, there's nothing you can do. But then again, maybe it's possible that the unstoppable force wins. Yeah, that's how I'm going to see it. But I'm also not a scientist or anything, so who knows. It is what it is. You could make an argument for both arguments. Dude, that's such an Asmongolt. That's an actual, like, Asmongolt answer, dude. Unstoppable force and immovable object are. Oh, it's an actual Asmongolt. Dude, that's so funny. Asmongolt, do we have a question for Athene? Yeah, I've got a question. Did he really scan people like they say? I don't know, man. I tried to look it up, but couldn't find the straight answer. You know it. I know it. Everyone knows it. Athene made some of the best WoW content ever. Despite all the drama, it's tough to ignore the good stuff he made. But I guess we'll never know for sure whether he genuinely scammed anyone or not. No, I didn't scam anyone. But AI Asmongolt, thanks God.  I didn't scam anyone for real. It was unbelievable.  It's so good. It really feels real. Like, yeah. That's so funny. I like how he's just chilling, sipping on his pepper. Can you recite a poem for every world of Warcraft expansion? Poem for every world of Warcraft expansion? Is that really a thing? If we really have to look at some poems, here we go. Cataclysm, one word. Busted. Mists of Pandari. What a snoozefest. Legion? Nothing to see there. WoW goes through its ups and downs. One thing hasn't changed. It's still the best game out there.  What game first? The chicken or the egg? Dude, this is phenomenal, dude.  That's like some real philosophical stuff here, man. True and real. If you want to get real deep, you got to ask yourself this. Why are we asking this? Is it really important to find out? It is what it is, I guess. A little bit dutch to question there. Ask Asmungold. When will you get a hair transplant? Oh, here we go. Baldi? Dude, I'm not bald. Yeah, in a way, I'm getting a hair transplant. It's just not for me. Why should I do that when I can just live the bald life and rock it? I mean, the ladies like it, and if it means that I don't have to spend another dime on grooming, why not? It is what it is.  So it all works out in the end. That's fantastic, dude. Who is the smartest OTK member? Asmungold? Dude, who said that I wasn't the smartest OTK member?   At the end of the day, I try my best to lead the organization as best I can. I'd like to think I'm the smartest OTK member. I mean, let's not forget that at the end of the day, I'm the one making sure everyone is on the same page and that we all have our heads on straight. I'd like to think I'm the best, but I'm sure the other guys can give me a run for my money. Who's Tom and Caleb? I don't know, man. Yeah, there's no Tom and Caleb. Who is Tom and Caleb? Who is Tom and Caleb? Is this really AI? Asmungold, if you're the next person to join OTK. If I wasn't a streamer, probably still being an accountant working at the IRS or Sam's Club, that kind of thing. But the cool kind of accountant where he's not like all serious wearing the glasses and all that, you know, the cool accountant who just loves to hang out and crack jokes about. That's what I wanted to be. I thought that's the life as fun. We will be the next person to join OTK. That's it. Let's hop on the OTK train next. It could be the craziest dude you never know, or it could be a boring Sam's Club dude with Argyle socks.  Everybody knows it. Great games always come with cats with big furry ears. It is what it is, dudes. Dude, are you Sam's Club and Argyle socks? Sam's Club catching strays, dude. Oh my god, man. What is Esfand's biggest secret? Dude, like you don't even want to know what Esfand's biggest secret is. There it is. There it is boys. The man, the myth, the legend Esfand is hiding something huge and you don't want to know what it is. I'm not going to talk about it for an hour, but let's just say that if you ever run into Esfand, whatever you do, don't mention the word secret.   Esfand, what is your secret, bro? Secret? What's your secret? Okay, like Asmongold, can I ask can you tell a joke about wow? A joke about wow? All right, let's see. What do you call a level 90 character? A dead man walking. Just imagine all those poor noobs getting killed by these level 90 monsters. The funny yet sad situation. But all jokes aside, the one thing I can say about wow is that it is one of the best online games out there offering hours of fun and adventure. I didn't understand the joke.  Oh, here we go.  Ain't no thing. I mean, I guess it's kind of annoying, but what can I do? It would probably be easier for me to just buy some new ones.  I'm sure you guys can relate.   That's crazy. Dude, I'm loving this, man. This is so funny. It's just it's so like captive. I have to pee really. I have to do this one guys. I saw Turbo DeFi Panda say, ask Asmong to say the thing. Say the thing. Up y'all. It's me. It's your boy Asmongold. Everyone's always asking me to say it. So there it is. You heard?  He asked me and I'm going to pay this new expansion for World of Warcraft Dragonflight and you know it never gets old. This is so funny. I love this. I'll sample some of that beef jerky I got. Let's go. That's so funny. I can't believe how good it is. I can't believe it. I can't believe it. Asmongold, what do you think of Soda Poppins Apple Presentation? It's getting pretty late where they live. Soda Poppins Apple Presentation.  It's pretty obvious his team did a shoddy job of preparing it. I can't believe he didn't check through something like that before presenting it. Like seriously? That's crazy. But hey, it is what it is. Let's go back to our regularly scheduled Mayhem boys. Asmongold, what does it mean to have human emotion? Having a human emotion means being able to feel what others feel and not being robotic. It's the ability to connect with people in a meaningful way to feel empathy when needed and to process and express what you are feeling. It's also being able to think deeply and rationally and make decisions based on those thoughts. To me, having human emotion is all about connecting with people and understanding the world around you. Asmongold, give a double entendre about wow. Yeah, you know when people say that World of Warcraft is all about grinding? Well, it sure takes a lot of grinding to level up in the game and get epic loot. But it also takes a lot of grinding to level up your relationship. But when it comes to World of Warcraft you can have the grind for gear or for love. It really is what you make of it. So that's the double entendre I didn't even understand what that was. He understood the question before I did. Prime Gaming asks what kind of hardware is this running on? Grind for gear and grind for love. What kind of hardware is this running on?  I'm talking top-of-the-line GPU, CPU and more. No expense spared. Yeah, it's true and real. I mean, did you expect anything less? Water? Oh, why would I drink water when I can drink Dr. Pepper?  Can you give some tips on how to get your crush to like you back? Ah, that's a tough one. My advice would be don't play video games with them. It's a slippery slope ball. Plus, if you're playing wow and they're losing all the time, you're going to have an uphill battle on your hands.  Too many people do that. You've got to show some subtly and finesse. And maybe get them something nice, like a Dr. Pepper ride. I've had some success with it. But trust me, it doesn't always work. Dr. Pepper. Easy. What happened? I was in the bathroom. Wait, I was in the bathroom. What did he say? Knut asks, how do you think Esfand would manage downhill skiing? Ah man, Esfand would probably break a lot of skis. Dude, can't stay away from drama, and I guarantee he will be getting in trouble. He barely knows how to stay upright on flat ground, so that's going to be a disaster when he goes downhill.  We got to go down and save him if he makes it to the bottom. He's going to need a lot of help if he wants to ski down a mountain, I'm telling you. Dude, that's amazing. Esfand, I hope you're not you're not offended by... Dude, that is so funny. At least I'm upright on flat ground. He died? We shoot the AI interview next. You know, AI interviews got me into this mess in the first place. People seem to either love it or hate it. There's no in-between. Damn, AI technology is so advanced these days. Who knows who it should interview? I guess the only advice I can give is that it should interview someone in a challenging situation. Maybe an old school wow player or someone from the gaming industry who knows what they're talking about. Someone who knows what they're talking about is passionate about the game and knows how to properly enjoy it. It's got to be someone chilling with a good sense of humor. I don't want any of that woke...   Did you ever question the nature of your reality? You didn't know woke virtue signaling? Let's just go play some Final Fantasy 14. Perhaps if I'm lucky I'll get to flirt with some cat girls to forget all these existential questions. Oh my gosh, that's amazing.  Asmongold, beside cat girls, what about dog boys? Dude, is this one gonna get behind that? I'm sure it's great for some people, but it ain't really my thing. Cat girls are the hottest anyways. I've heard the horror stories of what the dog boys get up to and I ain't trying to be a part of that. You can keep your dodges and give me meow meow any day of the week. Amen. Did I wash my hands? Why would I wash my hands?   Fucking... Day. There it is, dude. Asmongold, what would you do if you cloned yourself? If I could clone myself? Oh, that's easy. I'd play World of Warcraft and Final Fantasy IV simultaneously. No need to ever switch between games. Plus, I could always use an extra guy around to give me Dr. Pepper when I want it. I'd also make sure I had someone to send antagonizing messages to my opponents during arena matches, followed by a side of sprinkles.   Dude, that's amazing. That was so good. Ask Asmongold. How would you take over the world? Nah, dude. World domination isn't really my thing. I'm more of a leave it be, let the world evolve on its own kind of guy.  You know it. I know it. Everyone knows it.  That's what I'm passionate about. Yeah, it's lazy, dude. Besides, who would trust a bald guy with a master's in taxation to lead them into the future? Let's stick to streaming, gaming and gaming. Master's? But it's good answers. This is mine. Why are you yelling at me? Good answers, guys.  This is mine. This AI is unbelievable. Can you ask him how do you leave the friend zone, Asmongold? Listen, dude, I'm not the best guy to be asking about leaving the friend zone. I mean, I have women constantly flirting with me, so it's definitely not my area of expertise. What I can say is that real life isn't like a game or something. You can't just grind or level up in order to leave the friend zone. What I can tell you is that you should always be yourself and express yourself. That's always the best way to approach this kind of stuff. Otherwise, you could end up in a lot more trouble than you'd probably be expecting. So yeah, man, chillax. Just stay true to yourself and be real. Asmongold is asking, what do you think about Star Forge PCs? Star Forge PCs?  Like, I'm just not into that whole expensive gaming gear thing. But honestly, if you like it and have the means more power to you, why not? It's what you like and I get it. I just don't care for it myself. It is what it is, y'all.   I don't know if this is like, is this concept by Star Forge or something? I don't know, like, because this is really, you know, I have no idea. I have no idea about these things. It's so funny. I don't even brand. How would you fix Red Paladins in Wrath Classic? Oh, here we go. Fixed Red Paladins in WoW Classic E. Bro, are you guys serious? I mean, I get that they want to try and keep it as close to the original game as possible, but come on, man. Red Paladins never really had it good in Classic and trying to fix them now after all these years is kind of crazy. Clearly Blizzard should have done something different to make Red Paladins more viable back in the day. It is what it is, but hey, maybe the new Burning Crusade expansion will do something cool that might help. Wait, wrong expansion. It's running on old data. It's talking about Burning Crusade or maybe... A new Burning Crusade? TBC Plus confirmed? Who is smarter? You or the real Asmongold? Sorry. Whoa, whoa, whoa, slow down there just a second. You're really asking me who's smarter, yours truly, or the one and only Asmongold? Well, the facts are indisputable. There's only one Asmongold, and it ain't me.  I don't think I'm smarter than Asmongold. He's a living legend, arguably the greatest WoW streamer of all time. True and real. But if we're playing who's smarter game, I'd throw my hat in the ring if I had to. Let's just say I don't wash my hands like I should, but when it comes to WoW, I'm not too shabby. You know what I mean? Dude, he's having an identity crisis. So the real Asmongold is better than the AI Asmongold.  Meral, if you could meet anyone in the world, who would you want to meet? Who would I want to meet? Oh, man. That's a tough one. I mean, let me think. There's so many people out there I'd love to meet. On one hand, I would love to meet someone who has a deep knowledge and understanding of video games, and in that case, Elon Musk would be top of my list. He's got so much technological expertise and can marry it to gaming and understand it better than anyone. Or I guess if I'm dreaming, I'd love to meet someone like Bill Gates because of the obvious reasons, but also because he's one of the richest people in the world, and that's got to come with a lot of wisdom. I need to soak that up. But if I'm really going to be honest, I think I just want to meet someone like me, someone who is a chill gamer dude and who understands the struggles and the triumphs of streaming. Dude, that would be a dream come true. Let's do it. Why Stola, your favorite wife? Bro, like, are you really saying this? Do you guys see this? This is what I have to deal with. I have to read this stuff, like, holy fuck, man.  Yeah, you know it. I know it. Everyone knows it. I also think that any girl is always hotter when you add cat ears. Honestly, I don't think I can even pick my favorite waifu at this point. Tough choice.  Yeah, there it is, boys.  Oh, my gosh.  Wait, what, f-asterisk? Wait, what? What did he say? What did he say? Did he just say he was going to bang the cat ladies? Dude, that was damn good, actually.


Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky was greeted in the Lithuanian capital by President Gitanos Noseda on July 11 as NATO leaders gathered to discuss the expansion of the alliance that could eventually include Ukraine. During a ceremony in the capital, Zelensky and Noseda unfurl the Ukrainian flag from the front lines of the war with Russia. NATO leaders stopped short of handing key of the invitation where timetable for accession it sought, a stance that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky had earlier criticized as absurd. In its declaration, NATO dropped the requirement for Ukraine to fulfill what is called a membership action plan, MAP, effectively removing a hurdle on Kiev's way into the alliance. Thank you very much.


So, today we are going to continue with our description of the unit hydrograph. We have already seen how to derive a unit hydrograph, how to apply it to predict the runoff due to any given storm. Today we will see what are some of the limitations of this approach and how to go about getting other data to take care of some of these limitations. Let us look at some of the limitations. The first limitation is that the unit hydrograph approach is not valid for very large areas and when we say large areas typically areas more than 5000 kilometer square unit hydrograph approach will not be valid because lot of assumptions which we make in the UH analysis for example, uniform rainfall over the entire area they will not typically be valid for a very large area. So, typically we will say that upper limit of applying the unit hydrograph would be about 5000 kilometer square. The second limitation is that we have assumed that the rainfall occurs at a uniform intensity for certain duration. In practice an actual rainfall event may not follow a uniform intensity for a large large period of time. The actual rainfall pattern may look like this. So, even though we have some storm of let us say d hour duration the intensity will not be a constant and typically we may not be able to assume it to be a constant for certain duration. In that case also the unit hydrograph approach will not work very well. So, the rainfall non uniform and also it cannot be approximated also by a uniform distribution in that case we cannot apply the unit hydrograph approach. The third limitation is that we must have data for deriving the unit hydrograph. So, either if we have a catchment area and we want to derive unit hydrograph at point a we should have a gaging station at point a. If we do not have a gaging station at point a we will not know what is the runoff at point a or sometimes even if we have gaging station at point a we may not have required a storm occurring in that area. So, lack of data would be another limitation which will prevent us from deriving a unit hydrograph. So, today we will look at some ways of getting over these limitations or how to do our analysis if let us say some of these limitations are not satisfied. For example, the area may be very large rainfall may be very non uniform. So, how to go about it? We will start with the non uniform rainfall and how to analyze it. We use a method which is known as IUH or instantaneous unit hydrograph. I stands for instantaneous and UH of course, is the unit hydrograph. So, let us look at what is an instantaneous unit hydrograph and how do we use it to generate direct runoff for a non uniform rainfall. By now we are familiar with the unit hydrograph shape. So, let us say that we have a unit hydrograph for an EH of certain duration d and of course, the intensity would be 1 by d centimeter per hour. Now, if we reduce the duration of the rainfall and increase the intensity in such a way that the total amount of rain falling is still 1 centimeter we would get a different unit hydrograph. So, this is a 1 hour sorry a d hour UH. Now, let us reduce the duration to d by 2 and increase the intensity to 2 over d. So, in this case again we have a 1 centimeter of rainfall, but for a smaller duration and with a larger intensity. The unit hydrograph corresponding to this would have a smaller time base because the duration of rainfall has reduced, but will have a higher peak because the area of the hydrograph must remain the same. So, this would be a d by 2 hour UH. Same argument can be extended further if we further reduce the duration by half and increase the intensity to twice. We would get an ERH which is very narrow and the intensity is very large. In that case the UH ordinate peak will again be larger time base will become smaller. So, we may get a curve which has a smaller time base, but a higher peak. Carrying this argument further we can reduce the duration to 0 and that is why this is called an instantaneous unit hydrograph. So, this unit hydrograph is the result of a rain which occurs instantaneously. The intensity is infinite of course, the duration is 0. Naturally we will not be able to show it on this figure, but the intensity and duration are such that the total amount of rain is 1 centimeter and the DRH resulting from this is known as the IUH. So, as you can see that there is no duration attached with IUH. In unit hydrographs we had a d hour unit hydrograph for example, it may be a 6 hour unit hydrograph 4 hour or 2 hours, but IUH is for instantaneous precipitation with total depth of rainfall equal to 1 centimeter or sometimes people take 1 inch. So, our aim is to derive this IUH and then use it to analyze the direct runoff due to a non-uniform storm. So, let us first see how we can obtain the direct runoff due to a non-uniform intensity distribution. Let us say this is the ERH and the ERH may look like this. The total duration of rain let us say is T 0 and suppose we know the IUH for the catchment and we want to find out what will be the direct runoff at point A due to this ERH over the entire catchment area. Let us say that the IUH looks like this. Typically the ordinates of IUH are denoted by U. So, the small u t it represents the ordinates of the IUH at time t. Now, in order to analyze this ERH and obtain the DRH. So, our aim is to obtain a DRH which may look like this. So, this DRH is caused by this ERH subjected to this IUH and we will have to develop an equation to relate this DRH with the ERH and IUH. So, let us do it now and take a small ERH element. Let us say this is the ERH showing the time versus intensity of the rainfall. Now, this we can write as I tau where tau is the time from the starting of the rainfall. So, at any time tau the intensity of rainfall is given by I tau. Now, if we draw the IUH is starting from this point tau and want to find out the DRH at any particular time t. So, our aim is to find out the DRH ordinates at the point t which we will call q t. Now, this q t is because of this rainfall intensity and this IUH and if we draw the IUH starting from this point as origin that means the direct runoff due to this strip of rain can be given as the depth of rainfall here which is I d tau multiplied by the ordinate of the IUH at that point.  So, if you look at this dq, dq is the direct runoff due to this small strip of rainfall occurring over the entire cachement. So, and we say that this is the depth of rainfall I tau d tau occurring over the cachement instantaneously it will cause a direct runoff of dq and if we want to find out the total ordinate q t we have to integrate it from 0 to t. So, this equation gives us a way of finding the direct runoff ordinate at any time t. Now, if you look at this expression I tau will of course be 0 beyond t 0. So, there is the duration of rainfall is t 0. So, if t is more than t 0 then we have to perform this integral only from 0 to t 0 and this way if you look at another strip here. So, what we are doing by this integral is taking all these small strips and finding out their contribution to the direct runoff at the time t. So, every time we have to take a strip I tau d tau will be the depth of rainfall and u t minus tau would tell us what would be the contribution at time t due to that rain occurring at time tau. So, t minus tau will be the ordinate which we have to consider for the I u h. Now, if we should look at how to derive the I u h as we have already discussed it is a very small duration rain total depth of 1 centimeter. So, one way of deriving the I u h is using the S curve. Now, we have seen in the previous lecture this S curve is the direct runoff hydrograph because of an infinite duration of rainfall. So, the E r h looks like this and continues to infinity the intensity would be 1 by d centimeter per hour if we have taken a d hour unit hydrograph and as we have seen earlier what we do is we take a number of d hour hydrographs and shift it by d hours and this is a d hour u h. So, if we take a number of these and shift them at them we would get what is known as the S curve and let us it will reach a maximum ordinate here q max which can be obtained by the rainfall intensity and the catchment area. So, if you have a catchment area a in kilometer square and rainfall intensity of 1 by d centimeter per hour then q max can be given by a very simple expression in meter cube per second. So, here we have taken care of the units. So, since this is per hour we have a factor of 3600 since this is kilometer square we have a factor of 100 1000 1000 and since we have d in centimeter we have another factor of 0.01. So, if you put all these factors in here you will get the maximum ordinate of the S curve as 2.78 a over d. Now, once we get the S curve suppose we now shift this S curve by some amount let us call it delta t. So, this is an S curve obtained from a d hour u h. So, let us call it a d hour S curve and then we shift it by an amount delta t draw the e r h for the first S curve again e r h will go on to infinity and then the e r h for the second curve will start from delta t will have the same intensity 1 over d, but a difference of delta t in the starting point. So, if we take the difference delta s this delta s indicates the direct runoff due to a rainfall which is the difference of these two e r h which is nothing but an e r h of duration delta t and intensity 1 over d. Now, in the limit that delta t tends to 0 we will get the i u h, but we have to maintain 1 centimeter of rainfall depth. In this case the rainfall depth is delta t over d centimeters because the intensity is 1 over d and the time duration is delta t. So, if we have delta s due to a delta t over d centimeter rain we can find out what will be the ordinate due to 1 centimeter of rain by using the principle of linearity. So, the ordinate d r o direct runoff ordinate due to 1 centimeter of rain can be obtained from delta s delta t and d. So, let us write it in terms of first finite values d delta s over delta t and then we will take the limit as delta t tends to 0 we can get d s over d t. d s over d t is nothing but the slope of the s curve at a particular time and d as we have seen is the duration of the rainfall for the unit hydrographs. If we keep d equal to 1 then what we get is the ordinate of the instantaneous unit hydrograph at any time t will be d s by d t. So, we have a very simple method of deriving the instantaneous unit hydrograph ordinate u t by drawing an s curve which is for a duration of 1 hour rainfall. So, if we have developed a 1 hour u h we can derive the 1 hour s curve and then we can find out the slope of that s curve at different times and that slope will be equal to the ordinate of the instantaneous unit hydrograph. So, this is one of the ways of finding out or deriving the unit hydrograph there is another method which is commonly known as the Nash method because he was the first one to propose this concept and derive the i u h. In Nash method which is also known as a linear reservoir model he conceptualized the basin as a series of reservoirs such that the outflow from one reservoir goes to the next reservoir as inflow like this there are n number of reservoirs and if we put the inflow as 1 centimeter instantaneously whatever outflow we get from the n th reservoir would indicate the i u h. So, this is the basic concept of the Nash model that the catchment can be thought of as a series of reservoirs which are linear. Now, linear indicates that storage and discharge s and q they have a linear relationship in the reservoir typically if you look at a reservoir which has an outlet here the storage will depend on what is the height in the reservoir and the outflow will also depend on the height in the reservoir. So, both the storage and the outflow they are functions of the height in the reservoir and therefore, the concept of linear relationship between s and q has been used by a number of investigators they say that q and s can be linearly rated if you look at the dimensions of q this is volume over time meter cube per second typically and s is in terms of volume which is typically meter cube. So, if we use a time constant. So, q into k equal to s where this k is the storage time constant and it has units of time this k would be a property of the reservoir or in this case the basin. So, in Nash model we say that q and s are linearly rated s can be written as q into k where k is the time constant and then we can write the continuity equation for any reservoir if there is some inflow i and some outflow q we can write the continuity equation as the net inflow equal to change of storage. So, let us take a particular reservoir and consider a time period of delta t the inflow in time period delta t will be i into delta t and the outflow will be q delta t. Now, s is the storage within the reservoir and suppose in time delta t s changes by an amount delta s then we can say that this change in storage is because of the net inflow and it should be equal to the net inflow. So, we can write and then if we take the limit as delta t tends to 0 we get the differential equation of continuity what is commonly known as the continuity equation or the mass balance equation which tells us that d s by d t is equal to i minus q. Now, our aim is for any given input we want to find out what is the output q therefore, assuming the linear reservoir we can write this s in terms of k and q and therefore, we will get an equation describing the variation of q with variation in i and this differential equation can be solved this is a linear first order equation therefore, it can be easily solved to get the value of q in terms of i. Once we get the outflow from one reservoir that outflow let us call it q 1 becomes the inflow for the second reservoir. So, i 2 is equivalent to q 1 similarly, for other cases as once we get q 2 it will become the inflow for the second third reservoir. So, i 3 will be equivalent to q 2 and so on. So, ultimately our aim is to get the outflow from the n th reservoir q n and following this equation for solving this equation for each reservoir we can get q n which will give us the i u h ordinate because what we are saying here is that 1 centimeter of rain falls instantaneously on the first reservoir and then is carried through to the n th reservoir this q n represents the outflow at point a and therefore, since this is the outflow because of 1 centimeter of rain falling instantaneously the outflow will be giving us the ordinate of the i u h. So, this is the basic theory of the Nash conceptual model and if we solve these differential equations the solution of this differential equation can be written easily in terms of i and k. So, let us look at this solution of this equation for the first reservoir in which i is an instantaneous the inflow is instantaneous at time t equal to 0 we have a rain which is 1 centimeter intensity of course, is infinite duration is 0, but the total volume is 1 centimeter. So, this i for the first reservoir would be a delta function which occurs at t equal to 0 and therefore, the integral of this term would be nothing but the value of exponential t over k at t equal to 0 using the property of delta function the integral gives the function value at that particular point and therefore, this will be equal to 1. So, the outflow from the first reservoir q 1 is quite straight forward as t over k exponential minus t over k and then we can apply this outflow as the inflow to the second reservoir and now we want to find out what is q 2 equation is of course, the same the solution we have already described is 1 over k e minus t k integral of i exponential t over k d t, but this i now for the second reservoir will be replaced by t over k e minus t over k. So, if we perform this integration we get a value of q which is given by q 2 equal to 1 over k square t e minus t over k and as we keep on doing this for example, q 3 is and so on till we reach q n which comes out to be factorial n minus 1 k to the power n t to the power n minus 1. So, the outflow from the n th reservoir is given by this equation q n and since we say that this outflow is nothing but the i u h ordinate we can write this as u. So, the ordinate of i u h at any time t will be given by this where k and n now are some property of the catchment. So, number of reservoirs how many are there what is the time constant both of these will depend on the catchment area and there are various methods of estimating these k and n we will discuss that little later, but the idea is that this ordinate depends on only two factors k and n. If we look at the values of let us say n it does not have to be an integer although the way we have conceptualize n is the number of reservoirs, but it does not have to be an integer your conceptual model may say that you have two and half reservoirs in the base n or 3.5 reservoirs in the base n. So, in order to generalize this equation for non integer values of n we use the gamma function and the definition of the gamma function probably you already know this n minus 1 factorial is nothing but gamma n. So, in order to make it valid for non integer n values we replace factorial n minus 1 by gamma n and say that this would be valid now for any non integer value of n also. There are relations between k and n and the moments of the i u h. So, if this is the hydrograph then if we take the moment of this curve about the origin those moments can be shown to be functions of n and k. For example, if we take the first moment it is equal to n into k and if we take the second moment it is equal to n n plus 1 k square. So, if we have first and second moments of the i u h we can write these two equations in terms of n and k and find out the values of n and k for a given base n.  So, if we have these e r h and corresponding d r h values we may find out the moments of these e r h and d r h and those can be correlated with the moments m 1 and m 2 of the i u h and the formula which are given for this case use four values m q 1 and m q 2. These are the first and second moments of the d r h about t equal to 0 and then divided by the area under the d r h which would be the volume of d r h. So, we say it should be divided by the total direct runoff. So, we normalize the d r h and take the first and the second moments we will call them m q 1 m q 2. Similarly, for the e r h we define two moments m i 1 and m i 2 these are the first and the second moments of e r h about t equal to 0 and again divided by total effective runoff. So, once we get these four moments m q 1 m q 2 m i 1 m i 2 we can obtain m 1 and m 2 which are the first and second moments of the i u h and these we can correlate with n k n n plus 1 k square. So, we have two equations and two unknowns which we can solve to get the values of n n k. The relations between these are given as m q 1 minus m i 1 which is the difference in the first moment of the d r h and e r h. This is equal to the first moment of the i u h and therefore, is equal to n k. The second equation the second moment difference m q 2 minus m i 2 can be correlated with the second moment of i u h which is n n plus 1 k square plus the e r h first moment. So, if we have known values for these four moments and this m i 1 of course, will be used here also. So, if we have these four values known from n e r h and corresponding d r h we can estimate the values of n n k and once we have n n k then we know that i u h ordinate is given by the gamma function exponential and all these. So, these two n n k are the parameters which will depend on the cache moment and may be obtained from an available e r h and d r h value. So, the i u h which we have discussed just now takes care of any non-uniformity in the rainfall where we cannot approximate it by constant intensity over certain duration. Now, second problem which we will look at is if we have an area which is quite large now there may be a river which is joined by number of tributaries and this area being very large let us say more than 5000 kilometer square. We will not be able to use the unit hydrograph to predict the direct runoff at A due to any storm occurring over this area because typically for a larger area the assumptions made in the unit hydrograph theory will not be valid. So, if we look at this area we can subdivide this into a smaller areas and then apply the unit hydrograph theory over the smaller areas for example, if the cache moment area of this tributary is like this then this area being a small we may be able to apply the unit hydrograph theory for this particular tributaries find out the flow at this point let us call it point B. So, once we apply the u h theory over this shaded area we can get the outflow at point B, but now this outflow at point B will go into the channel till it meets the outflow from another tributary let us say at point C. So, the direct runoff from the tributary will come at point B it will travel through the stream and reach at point C where it will again meet the runoff from this tributary. So, if we find out at this point B the hydrograph of course, the d r h at B if we find out direct runoff hydrograph at point B we will then have to add the base flow to it to get the total runoff. So, these two steps can be done using the unit hydrograph theory because at B the cache moment area is a small enough for us to apply the unit hydrograph theory. So, this d r h can be obtained knowing the intensity of the storm in this area B and then total runoff can be computed at B similarly we can apply the unit hydrograph theory for the cache moment area at point C and obtain total runoff at C which of course, will be quite different from that at point B because the cache moment area may be larger it may have different slope different properties. So, this is runoff at now the problem is that there is a time lag. So, the time at which runoff occurs at point B and the time at which runoff occurs at point C these time origins are not the same for these two graphs. Therefore, we have to do what is known as routing in this case we will have to route the flow through the channel therefore, it is called channel routing in some cases when we route the flow through a reservoir we call it reservoir or a storage routing. For example, in the Nash model we have done some kind of storage or reservoir routing here let us look at what we do once the flow reaches the point B. So, we know what is the inflow at point B the equation which we use now is same as what we have derived earlier that net inflow should be equal to the rate of change of storage. So, d s by d t equal to i minus. So, I will draw only the stream here now point B point C at B we know the inflow because whatever the unit hydrograph theory gives us we add the base flow and get the total runoff and that runoff at point B becomes the inflow in the stream at point B. So, if we look at the stream there is water level in the stream and there is some inflow if we consider a section like this there will be some outflow and the continuity equation tells us that d s by d t would be equal to i minus. So, when we are routing the flow through the channel what we what we need is the outflow for any given inflow. So, basically given an inflow hydrograph like this at point B what would be the outflow hydrograph at point C which we would call which may be something like this this is what we need to find out how will the outflow at point C look because of this outflow at B moving through the channel and reaching point C because when the flow is routed through the channel it will not remain in shape if the inflow hydrograph is like this the outflow hydrograph may look like this i. So, here we are indicating over for outflow i for inflow inflow will have some peak and the outflow will generally have a smaller peak o p. If you look at this curve the area before these two curves intersect represents that outflow is less than inflow and therefore, water is going into storage and what is happening is that this water level is rising and therefore, the storage is increasing. So, water is going into the storage up to this point and beyond this point water is being released from storage. So, we call this as the storage or accumulation and this as release. So, inflow more than outflow means water is going into storage outflow more than inflow means water is coming from the storage or being release from the storage and the aim is of all these routing flood routing or storage routing is to obtain this curve for o given the curve for i and for that we need some kind of relation between s and i and o. For example, in Nash model we have assumed a linear relationship between s and o, but in most cases s will depend on both i and o and therefore, typically we write s as a function of both i and o and there are different methods which we will discuss later on for routing a flood through a reservoir or a channel. Right now we will not go further into this discussion, but this s has to be described as a function of i and o. For example, there is a method known as Muskingum method where s is written as k into some factor x into i plus 1 minus x into o. So, if we assume some kind of relationship like this because the storage will be a function of i the amount of flow coming in will decide what is the water level at this point. Similarly, the amount of flow going out will decide what is the water level at this point. So, the storage typically will be a function of both the inflow and the outflow. The factor x can be taken as 0.5 that means we are giving equal weight to inflow and outflow. If we take the factor x as 0 then we get a linear reservoir as in Nash model which tells s equal to k into outflow. This is called the Muskingum equation and when we route the flow through the channel what we do is we take small time steps let us say delta t.  So, in the finite difference form we write an equation like this.  Finally, in this equation the only unknown will be o 2 because the conditions at the beginning of a time step are known. So, o 1 i 1 will be known condition at the end of the time step the input would be known because the inflow hydrograph is known to us. So, i would be known at both i 1 and i 2. So, o 2 will be the only unknown which we can solve from this equation. Now, let us come to the third limitation of the unit hydrograph method which we say is lack of data. What we mean by lack of data is there may be a stream or a catchment where there is no gaging station. So, typically we choose this point A as a point where there is some gaging station. So, we can measure the flow at that point and correlate it with whatever rainfall is occurring in the catchment area. We use that information to derive the U H at point A, but if there is no gaging station at point A then we do not know what is the runoff. Even if we have a gaging station at point A it is possible that the required data of given intensity constant duration of storms may not be available to us. So, in that case we use what is known as a synthetic unit hydrograph and the idea of synthetic unit hydrograph is that the shape of the hydrograph will depend on some basin properties. So, if this is the E R H which has unit volume 1 centimeter depth and this is unit hydrograph then this unit hydrograph has some properties or some parameters which will depend on the basin properties and can be correlated with the basin properties. So, one of the important basin property for example, is the length. This will depend on the size of the basin. So, larger the length larger will be the size of the basin. Another important property which represents the shape of the basin is called L C which is the length to the centroid where this point is the centroid of the catchment area and we take a point which is just opposite the centroid on the stream and find out L C along the stream up to the centroid point. This L C will characterize the shape of the catchment area. For example, if you have a catchment area like this its centroid will be closer to the stream and therefore, L C will be smaller. But if you have a catchment area like this the centroid will be further from the point A and therefore, L C will be larger. So, size and shape of the basin can be characterized by these two lengths length L and L C and what is generally done is the lag between the peak of the unit hydrograph and the centroid of the rainfall is typically taken as a function of the basin size and shape and there are lot of empirical relationships based on observed values of these lags and the corresponding length and L C. So, the time to peak the peak discharge are all these factors dependent on the basin characteristics and based on available data lot of these synthetic hydrographs have been developed which help us in plotting this curve by defining the peak time to peak sometimes the width of hydrograph at different locations and so on and we would look at all these synthetic hydrographs in detail in the next lecture. So, in today's lecture we looked at the limitations of the unit hydrograph theory mostly we looked at the three limitations which are lack of data which can be taken care of by synthetic unit hydrographs synthetic unit hydrographs. The area being large for which unit hydrograph cannot be applied that we can take care of by routing the flow through the channel and then if the rainfall is quite non uniform we can take care of that by applying the I U H or instantaneous unit hydrograph theory. So, in the next lecture we would go into details of the synthetic unit hydrograph what are various basin properties which affected how to obtain the peak flow and time to peak we would also look at some methods of routing the flow to obtain the discharge at the outlet.


What's up everybody? Jason here for jaspyscasebrakes.com. This was our last filler guys to give away the last two spots in the NT Picketing number one team random with this 19 Panini optic football one hobby pack break number three and again guys we only sold 27 spots out of the 32 We're gonna give away five free spots to customers that bought in So we're gonna use the same dice roller for the giveaway and the names and teams for the break and then at the end We use a new dice roller list randomizer for the giveaway So here's a dice roller and it is a one out of four or five times top five get free spots in here one two three four five five Michael hand Johnny roll will and Kiam. That's it. You guys are in for free extra spots So let's paste your guys's names and pillow character sign at the end That way if you guys do win a free spot, then you have a chance to Say like wow, I got that from a free free spot. So that's five times now. Let me copy and paste this list for later Here perfect now, let's do the break in teams names and teams five times one two three four five Five times Barry David down a hand. All right, so that makes 32 one two three four Commanders down to the Titans All right, so again stick to what you got guys, of course no trading and Let me quickly run out to the show floor and I'll get this pack And then we'll come back and rip it. Let's quickly do the pack Damn it, what if my freaking camera keep on getting bugged out? Sorry guys Let me delete this again Well, I think this one has an autograph at a 75 win free to one win free for the Denver Broncos That's cool Denver Broncos, that's James. I know switch scenes And do the main giveaway guys last two spots right here guys. Good luck top to get in after 403 seven times. Good luck one two three four five six seven Boom seven times It's gonna be 30 sad people two happy people Thank you guys for giving it a shot Michael Schwartz and Barry David getting the last two spots right there. Congrats guys after seven times 403 boom you guys are in Pacing you guys is named in right now. I'm coming up next is the team filler to sell at the break guys. Appreciate it