Hello, you're watching Daily Debrief brought to you by People's Dispatch. I'm Pragya. The conflict in Yemen has completed eight years. Today, we discuss the country's worst-than-ever humanitarian crisis. We go next to the United States which wants to spend $7.1 billion over 20 years in three Pacific Island nations as it seeks to renew COFAS, its Compacts of Free Association with the Marshall Islands, Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia. In sports, we look at trans women athletes dealt a blow by the World Athletics Council. The Saudi Arabia led interventions in Yemen started on 26 March 2015. Eight years on, the crisis in Yemen has reached gigantic proportions. The humanitarian distress has made Yemen among the poorest countries. Saudi airstrikes dealt a blow to Yemen's people and its economy. International organizations have called Yemen's crisis the worst in recent history, especially its refugee crisis. What is the situation in Yemen today? Is it likely to change for the better in coming months? Abdul from People's Dispatch is in the studio with us. Abdul, eight years of the war in Yemen, can you tell us what has been the impact on the people of Yemen, on the infrastructure in Yemen? What is the scale of the devastation we are talking about? The scale is, if you want to discuss the devastation of Yemen, if you see the UN statement about Yemen being the worst humanitarian crisis of the century, that explains everything. Even before the war, Yemen was one of the poorest countries in the world and the poorest country in the Arab world. And since the war, more than 95 percent of its population has slipped under the poverty line. Millions of Yemenis, 33 million is the actual population, but more than 80 percent, it means 26 to 27 million of Yemenis are dependent today on some kind of aid, whether it is provided by the UN or, and most of the cases, the aid is not reaching them primarily because of the blockade imposed by the Saudi-led international coalition. So that is one. Then thousands of Yemeni children have been killed in these eight years of war. According to the UN's own figure, more than 11,000 children have been killed since 2015. But that is the figure which is verified. There are thousands of more which the children who have died, there is no official record for it. And if you see the disparities between the figures proposed by the UN, which says that around 377,000 Yemenis have been killed since 2015, since the war began, till 2021, end of 21, that is the official figure we have. But the Yemeni government claims that more than 1.5 million Yemenis have been killed in this period. And this, when we talk about people killed in this eight years period, we are not talking only about the people who are killed directly due to the war. Means, airstrikes carried out by the Saudi Arabia inside Yemen, or during the actual ground war. We are also talking about the causes created by the blockade, which has basically impacted in, because Yemen is predominantly, Yemen's economy predominantly is import based. The grain, the food grains, medicine, all the essential commodities, most of the essential commodities come from outside. And because of the blockade, sea, land, blockade imposed by Saudi Arabia, the imports have been affected. Of course, the government is also not in a position to import goods from outside, primarily because the economy has collapsed. And whatever natural resources Yemen has, they are basically, most of the time are under the conflict, either Saudi-led coalition controls it, then Houthis control them sometimes. And because of that fight, they are most of the time are not available. The revenue from them is not available to buy goods from outside. So all of this in total has led to the death of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis. Poverty, widespread poverty, almost the entire population is under the poverty line. And this has also led to a larger destruction of the basic infrastructure required for human civilization in Yemen. And the thing is that the war continues. Is there any chance, especially from recent developments that the position of the countries involved will change and there is a hope for peace? Yeah, it seems that there is an opportunity at this moment to kind of end the war and kind of achieve peace in Yemen, primarily because of the recent development, which basically is very crucial. The rapprochement between Saudi Arabia and Iran, of course, mediated by Chinese, that creates a greater possibility of peace in Yemen. Primarily because the war in Yemen started in 2015 because Saudis claimed that the rise of the Houthis in Yemen is basically a rise of Iranian influence. And since Iran is hostile country, the rise of Houthis in the neighborhood basically creates a security threat to them. So that was the justifications Saudis had proposed. And since now there is a possibility that their hostility will be reduced because of the restoration of diplomatic relations, that may lead to have some kind of impact on the war in Yemen as well. Also, since last year when there was an UN-led ceasefire, which was also a rarity, which lasted only for six months, officially, formally. But ever since the ceasefire, there has been no big escalation from both the sides, from the Houthis and from the Saudis. So there has been a relative calm in Yemen since last April. And that basically provides an opportunity for both the both sides to start talking about making this particular state permanent. And by the way, Omanis have basically mediated as few rounds of talks between Houthis and Saudi-led coalition. So there are multiple channels open for talks. And in particular because of the restoration of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, there is a greater possibility that the war will end in Yemen. But these are all speculations. We are not sure whether this will be a reality or not. All right, Abdul and thanks very much for joining us with that update. Since the 1980s, the United States has sought to retain what it calls responsibility for the defense of a massive area in the Pacific Ocean. In fact, it's cofars with three island nations, the Marshall Islands, Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia have allowed it exclusive economic access to those zones. Now it is renegotiating terms with them to extend these arrangements and it may entail a $6.5 billion budget and counting. Aneesh and Peoples Dispatch joins us over video conference on what the cofars really are about. Aneesh, good to have you back on our show. Aneesh, the United States wants to spend $7.1 billion. Why and what are the arrangements it has with these three countries? Yeah, so we need to take a brief look at the history of these three islands and the relationship with the United States. Between since 1945 and until about the late 80s, in the case of Palau until 1994, these three countries remain under a sort of trusty ship that was sanctioned by the United Nations under the United States. Now the trusty ship was basically this thing that existed. It came with the League of Nations by which a bigger country would administer a smaller country in their neighborhood or in the general area and until they can have the capability to self-govern. Most of the cases, it was just basically a sort of UN science and colonial arrangement in many ways because right after the takeover of the trusty ship, these three countries, especially Marshall Islands, was the hotspot for US nuclear experiments and tests. About 46 experiments were conducted in the late 40s and the 50s and including the biggest US nuclear military test ever and so the detonation of the biggest US nuclear bomb and the effects of which are still felt in the region by the inhabitants. Now this is the brief history and it took about until the later part of the 80s for these countries to have at least nominal sovereignty from the United States to have sovereign state of themselves but even then the defense was pretty much administered by the United States in what is now, what as you pointed out is the COFA, the Compact of Free Association with these three countries. The United States wants to continue because this Compact of Free Association is going to end for two of them by this year, later this year for Palau in 2024. So the United States wants to continue this for maybe another 20 years and for that obviously it has to offer something that it had never given or never really bothered to give much attention to in the past several decades since the the COFA came into effect which is Development 8, because many of these countries have been held back developmentally because they remained dependent on the US military industrial complex in the region and obviously you have the long assorted history of nuclear tests so all of these have compounded to a sort of economic and developmental back goodness that these countries are facing so definitely they want the US to send in more aid, more economic help that can actually help them you know depth of further keep up with the pace of the some of their neighbors including Australia and New Zealand and also for the US to continue having any kind of military arrangement with them so they pretty much use the kind of influence that China is having, the growing influence that China is having in the region as a leverage against the US at this point so that really is the reason why this about 6.7 billion of the requested budget is basically what they call as economic aid, a general economic aid of different sort of which these three countries would be in many ways be free to choose and you know do whatever they want to. Anish but the United States has also used this language predatory states and so on and so forth what is that a reference to? So yeah so the US official who's you know mediating this deal right now stated that this budget will be used to counteract predatory and coercive influence in the region but they're obviously referencing to is the growing influence that China is having especially what happened with Solomon Islands recently with the security training deal being signed very recently between China and Solomon Islands after a couple of years after Solomon Islands reverted it stands on you know between China and Taiwan and established diplomatic relations so obviously this is coming at that point in time where Pacific is becoming this sort of a chess board of sorts between superpowers to exert their influence in the case of the United States especially this is something that is very far off their region their hemisphere even and this attempt to exert influence is basically to counter a growing developing power and in that sense for them for their influence to remain in Pacific it has its own colonial and imperialist baggage to begin with so this is something that is a sort of double a hypocrisy or the part of the United States to call you know China's influence as a coercive or predatory but in this case at least this influence was the reason why the US is now kind of ready we are we have not reached a final deal which will only happen by the end of the year there is plenty of more ground to cover but definitely the fact that seven billion dollars is now up for offer is because China has the significantly growing influence in the region and that is the reason why this has happened and these countries have used that to their advantage obviously there are other lot of other factors and issues that need to be covered including reparations and maybe a formal apology that Marshall Islands is calling for for the nuclear test that happened in Bikini at all but all of that we can see maybe in the next coming month there is a certain level of compromise that the United States is ready to do at this point because of the geostrategic location of the region obviously right Anish thanks a lot for joining us the world athletics council has banned transgender women who have gone through male puberty from competing in female world events from 31st March it defended the ban saying it would protect the female category a working group will conduct further research into the eligibility guidelines for transgender persons it has also voted to reduce permitted blood testosterone levels below 2.25 nanomules per liter in intersex athletes sports journalist Siddhant Ani joins us with more detail. Siddhant good to have you back on the show Siddhant can you just tell me what is the basis for world athletics decision it seems sort of like a very exclusionary sort of choice to make and how does it affect the olympics? So one of the it's a very good question that you asked because at this point what the reasoning was to take this decision is quite unclear there was no real sort of pressure or impetus of any kind there was already a ban in place on a male to female transgender athletes above 800 meters so essentially that decision or that previously existing ban was to target specific athletes athletes such as castor Semenya who have been fighting against this exclusionary policy that what used to be called the IAAF and now known as world athletics has been following and what they've done is to kind of the language that they are using you know they're using language like this is being done to preserve the integrity of female competitions female athletics but on the other hand the impact of this is likely to forget about what happens at the olympics at the elite level right because by the time you get to that stage perhaps athletes also have a bit more agency a bit more ability to fight the system to to at least have their voices heard but what this will do is essentially include anyone who has gone through a male puberty and is then transitioning from competing at any kind of organized sports at any level so whether it's in your hometown or your state or your district or your you know even within the country somewhere you will be automatically excluded from all of those competitions anything that comes under any kind of organized athletics so which will also then trickle into school systems university systems creating an overall environment that is absolutely the opposite of the kind of inclusion that people like Sebastian Ko who lead or the leading figures in global sports administration keep talking about using sport as a tool to unite people to you know to promote discourse to promote conversations to promote peace even in the context of now particularly the Russia Ukraine war where again they have used sort of made political decisions but couched in language that indicates that some kind of greater good that they are trying to achieve through through all of this so so very hard to understand the timing of it very hard to figure out what was the motivation to do this except that the world championships are coming up and perhaps they needed to put it in place before them is this also a sort of politically guided decision is that what you're suggesting I think so Pragya because you know it kind of feels very well into conservative narratives around trans people in any sphere of life you know and it is already a space or many of these spaces are already highly exclusive or don't include you know don't allow any representation of that entire community so it also feeds into sort of gender binary narratives that conservative media professionals conservative politicians often sort of stick to very strongly so so yeah it is definitely a political move for sure even if you look at the kind of people who are coming out in support of the kind of net you know media networks that are coming out and supporting this ban you'll find that many of them are conservative and definitely on towards the right of the political spectrum so so so in that sense yeah it is pandering to a core constituency which which you know is I suppose in that sense as as most things are dominated by white western people at administrative levels as well as those who are competing in many of these disciplines you know people like Dutty Chan, Castro, Semenya they have been at the forefront of the the legal battle the long-running legal battle Dutty Chan is a sprinter from India she's done several they've done several interviews where you know they've talked about testosterone not being the only factor and of course it's true that the science is developing on this front but it's not purely a science thing I think it's a lot more to do with discourse and and conversation and and and of course the political will to be inclusive that I think is at the bottom or or a main thing in this entire conversation and somehow that part is being lost in the in the entire conversation around it as well and when it when it when it again is voiced in terms of things like preserving the integrity of the competition and all of that it makes it all that more much more hurtful you know two people who are being excluded and and in this case to an entire community. Right Siddharth and thanks a lot for joining us and that's all we have for you today thank you for watching Daily Debrief do come back to us tomorrow you can visit our website for more people's dispatch stories and watch our regular updates on Facebook Twitter and Instagram


horse for the speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty house, silver, the Lone Ranger. With his faithful Indian companion, Tonto, the mask rider of the planes led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. The stories of his strength and courage, his daring and resourcefulness have come down to us through the generations and nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past, the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver, the Lone Ranger rides again. Come on, Silver! Let's go big fellow! I am Silver! Pop Martin, the blind bootmaker of Bluefield, was busily engaged on a pair of fine leather boots when Doc Winder, the town's physician, and Marshall Storm dropped in. Come in, Doc. No, Marshall. Pull up a chair and make yourself to hum. Pop, you amaze me sometimes. Me too. How you mean I amaze you?  I just don't see how you do it. Yeah, I know, just the minute I heard your footsteps. You see, Doc, I always say I see through me ears. See through your ears? Well, that's a mighty good way to put it, I reckon.  That still amazes me. Now, Marshall, I've heard Pop Martin call the name of somebody when they walk in here, and he ain't even seen them in years. Never forget a footstep once you hear it. Say, that's a mighty fine pair of boots you're working on. Who they for?  Must have paid a fancy price for them boots. Yes, sir, they're fine boots, sure enough. You'd really like to know who these boots has been made for, would you? Well, nobody around town could afford it. That's what I was thinking. Can you keep a secret? I reckon I can. How about you, Marshall Storm? In my business, you've got to learn to keep a secret. Well, I'll tell you. All right. But don't say nothing about it. You see, he might be dropping in here most any time to get him. I don't want nobody around when he does. Who are you talking about? These here boots I'm working on. They're for the Lone Ranger. What's that? Yes, sir, the Lone Ranger. Now, don't you tell anybody. Why, Pop, me and Dot never heard you say anything about knowing him. No. Yes, sir, he stood right here, right in my own little shop, and got himself measured up for these here boots. Well, how do you know it was a Lone Ranger? How I know? Because when he was standing here, my boy Dusty was standing right here beside him. That's how I know Dusty. You mean he knows the Lone Ranger? The fact of the matter is, Dusty riding with the Lone Ranger, and that injured the masked man has along with him all the time. Well, I'll be... Pop, if you hadn't told me yourself, I wouldn't believe it. But I know Dusty. He's a good boy. He wouldn't lie. If Dusty told you his friend was a Lone Ranger, then it's the Lone Ranger all right. Tonto, the Indian companion of the Lone Ranger, had returned to their camp a short distance from the little town of Bluefield, with a story that intrigued the masked man considerably. After me buy grub, Kimosubbie. Me go buy boot shop, run by blind boot maker. A blind boot maker? Ah. Me see pair of boots. Me want buy them, make gift to Dan. Me want buy them, make gift to Dan. But boot maker say him not sell them. I know Dan would appreciate a pair of boots from you, Tonto. Them very fine boots and me know Dan like them. But boot maker him say no. Did he give any reason? Ah. Him say him make boots for son, keeping till son comes back. His son must be about Dan's, eh, Jenna? No. Him say boy, 19-year-old. Not so big. But Kimosubbie, that not all him say. No? Well, what else, Tonto? Boot maker say son, good friend, a Lone Ranger. Say son ride with Lone Ranger, all time. Oh, Tonto, the old fellow's probably spinning a yarn just to pass a time away. Not being able to see and working mostly with his hands, he has lots of time to think. Think of Tails entertain his customers. No, Kimosubbie. Him have another pair of boots and not sell them. Yes? What did he tell you about the other pair, Tonto? They belong to the Lone Ranger himself? Ah, that what him say. What? That what boot maker say. Boots belong to Lone Ranger. How you know him say that, Kimosubbie? I didn't know it. And I can't understand it. What else did he tell you about the boots? Well, when him say that, me leave, ride fast, tell you. I can't help but think the old fellow just spinning a yarn, but I'm going to find out why he's spinning it. Oh, what you do, Kimosubbie? And I'll be right back to Bluefield. The boot maker is working in his shop. I want to have a talk with him. Ho, ho, ho, ho, ho. Hey, Breeze. Hey. There I am, Slim. What's up?  There must be good the way you're all lathered up. Good enough. It's plenty bad what I got to tell you. Remember that kid Dusty Martin? I mean, the kid that thought you was a Lone Ranger. Yeah, him. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. It's plenty bad what I got to tell you. Remember that kid Dusty Martin? I mean, the kid that thought you was a Lone Ranger. Yeah, him. Well, he's out of prison. Did he bust out? No, he's pardoned. Pardoned? Well, he got five years. Hella mine over in Centerville prison got word out to me. How do you know who Dusty was? He was doing time under the name of Eddie Jones. When Dusty went up, I sent word to this pal of mine, whizing him up. Told him to keep me posted on everything Dusty did. Well, Slim, what you figuring I'm doing about it? Breed, we got to get him, and we got to get him good before he talks. And what my pal says, Dusty's aiming to talk to somebody. What makes you think so? He did his time under the name of Jones. Nobody in his town knows about where he's been.  My pal says that all the time Dusty was in prison, he wrote letters to his old man. You mean the blind bootmaker, it blew for you? Yeah. Yeah, he thought he was a Lone Ranger, too. Recollect how he could tell it was you when you'd walk in his shop just by hearing your footsteps. Yeah, yeah, I recollect that. But as I was saying, the kid wrote the old man that he's still riding with a Lone Ranger. And that he's chasing me and you for that job we pulled. You mean the one where Dusty held the horses while me and you robbed the van? Yeah, that's the one when the law nabbed him. Why, that's a job he got sent up for. Got five years. Yeah, that's what the judge give him. Somebody got him out in six months. Who do you think? I don't know for sure. But I got an idea. Who? A Lone Ranger. What? That embrace got away a button into things, even getting folks out of jail. Now you listen to me because we got to act fast. Yeah, I'm listening. I come through Bluefield today and browsed around some. You did? And Dusty ain't back yet. I found that out. When do you think he'll show up? I'm aiming to find that out tonight. I'm going in and find out what his pa knows. There's too many folks around this afternoon to talk to him. Gosh, you ain't going to do that. Dusty, me and tip them off about you not being the Lone Ranger. No, he didn't and he won't. Dusty don't never want his old man to know he was doing time. And I found out something else today. A found out? Yeah, who? What was it? You recollect that pair of boots that Dusty's pa was making for me when we had to get him moving? Yeah, he was working on them at the time we pulled the bank job. You were sore for a month about not getting them boots. Well, I'm going to get them tonight. And I may get Dusty at the same time. Well, sir, I knew you the minute I heard your footfalls on the boardwalk outside the shop.  Says I, that's him. Sure is remarkable how you blind folks see through your ears, pa. Yep, it sure is. And I might be glad to be here talking to you again. Just like before me and Dusty started trailing them bandits. Is Dusty with you? No, he ain't. Fact is, I figured he might be here ahead of me. Oh, not yet, he hasn't. That letter last week said he'd be dropping in most any day. Of course, I can't see to read his letters myself. Ah, that's right, you can't. Uh, who reads them for you, pa? Oh, sometimes Doc Winder, sometimes Marshall Storm. Mostly Marshall Storm. Marshall, huh? Yeah. You see, he's known Dusty since Dusty was knee-high to a frog. I reckon that's why Dusty always aimed to be a loman. He thought so much of Marshall Storm. Uh-huh. How come Dusty didn't come in with you? Well, me and him figured we'd better split up before we got here. Me being the lone ranger, I gotta be careful. And I wouldn't want to have Dusty running no risk by being with me. In case somebody might be laying for me. Yes, that's smart. And might he consider it? There's plenty of people who'd like nothing better than taking a pot shot at the lone ranger. Eh. There's a pretty pair of boots setting up there on that rack, pa. You think so? Yes, sir. That was real handsome. Looks like they'd be just about my size. Put them on and see. Might as well. Sir, them's mighty fine boots. Now they get these old boots off my feet.  Eh. Well, pop, you win on the first one. Couldn't feel any better. The other'll fit just as snug. Eh, just a minute. Now, snug's the word for it, pop. There they are, and fits a fiddle. Now let's see you walk in them. Eh, feel fine. Kind of squeaky though. That's the reason we'll fix that up. Oh, you like them, eh? Sure do. Well, they're yours, and keeping them for you. Ah, you don't say. Well, well, now that's mighty nice of you. Well, don't you recollect? I fitted you and Dusty for new boots just before you had to go chase a slim landman and that fella he runs with. Well, now I'll pull them, forgot about that. I sure did. Eh, there must be Dusty's pair setting up there. That's right. Them two pair of boots been setting up there together. Just wait until you and Dusty come back. Could have sold them 50 times a reckon. I bet you could have that. Somebody coming in. Yeah. Can't make out who tears. I better get out of sight, you know. I can't take any chances of this mask I got on. That door over there goes into Woodshed. Now, hide in there. Eh, come in, sir. Thank you. You work late, don't you? Well, it ain't work when you like what you're doing, and I do. What can it do for you? I want to look at a pair of boots. What size? I'd like to look at those boots from the rack there next to you. Yeah, they ain't for sale. No? No, they ain't. Anyway, they wouldn't fit you. You're too big. That's a pretty good guess. Ain't much guesswork to it. I know when you walked in, you were heavy, fella. Go buy me hearing. I believe you had another pair of boots. What say? You had another pair of boots, I believe, which were not for sale. Yeah. I did have. They were here late this afternoon. Who are you, mister? I didn't recognize your footsteps when you came in. I could be a friend of Dusty. What? I'll pick it up for you. Oh, it's just more. Oh! The door is bolted. I'll break it down. Hello? Oh, keep us up here. Hold still. Hold for the hold. Hold for the hold. Are you right? Hand it fast. Did you see a man run from this woodshed? Ah, me see him. Here, gunshot. See man run from door and get on the horn. Which way did he go? Him right south. He'd flash. I said he's silver. That man shot the bootmaker. Maybe killed him. I'm running after him. See what you can do for the old man, get a doctor quick, then return to camp. Me do it. Come on, silver. The curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. How to continue our story. While talking to the blind bootmaker in the latter's shop, the Lone Ranger is fired upon by a hidden gunman. The bullet intended for the masked man struck the bootmaker instead. Instructing Tonto to get a doctor for the bootmaker and then report back to camp, the Lone Ranger raced after the mysterious gunman. Come on, silver. Faster, more. Faster. Slowly the great white stallion overcame the lead as the gunman's horse gained in the first getaway. Again, big fella. Come on, silver. Soon the masked man could make out even in the darkness the form of a horse and rider racing with reckless speed toward a brightly burning campfire. Almost got him, silver. Come on, big fella. Come on. As the fleeing gunman rode into the firelight, the masked rider of the plane saw another man jump up from the ground where he'd been sleeping. Get it for a fight, big fella. We'll write them down. Fending low over the neck of the great white stallion, the Lone Ranger's nervous hands swept downward to his gun. The Lone Ranger and silver swept into the firelit camp, guns blazing. Meanwhile, back in Bluefield, Dusty Martin walked into the marshal's office to learn about the shooting of his father. But Marshal Storm, don't you have any idea who shot Dad? Oh, not an idea in the world. Wasn't nobody around the place that time of night.  You said something about an Indian getting Doc Winder over to the shop. That's right. Some engine did ride over and get Doc out of bed. Road him over to your pa's shop on his horse and then disappeared in the night. Must have been passing and heard the shooting. Must have. Marshal Storm, did Dad ever find out? About you doing time? Yes. Oh, he never found out. Nobody else knows anything about it either. That is except me and Doc Winder. And he still thinks that I've been riding with a Lone Ranger. Me and Doc never told him no different. Of course, you know how your pa talks. You mean he told people about me, right? He's always telling folks what you're doing. And they... Well, I reckon none of them believed it. Well, it wasn't true. But at first, I thought I really was riding with them, asked me. Yeah, that no-good sidewinder Slim Lanvin and that partner here sure put one over on you, Dusty. Then when I went to jail, I just had to keep up what I'd started. I had to have some reason for staying away. I understand. Me and Doc both understand. When we went to the governor and told him, he understood too. I'll never be able to repay you and Doc for what you've done for me. Oh, wait. Somebody's coming in the front way. Probably Doc Winder. Hello, Dusty. Hello, Doc. Marsha just told me the bad news. I just got in. Come in, Doc. I'm glad you showed up, Dusty. How is he? Mighty low. He'd come to just a little while ago, though. Could you talk to him? Yeah, he talked just as rationally as could be, too. Do you give him any idea who done it, Doc? Well, he told me a mighty strange story. If I didn't know Doc Pop Martin, I'd have sworn he was out of his head. What'd he say? The pair of boots he made? You mean the pair for Dusty and the pair for the Lone Ranger? Yeah, they're the ones. He started making them when... when I thought Slim Lanvin was the masked man. I remember him. Well, earlier tonight, according to your pa, the Lone Ranger came in to get his pair. The Lone Ranger? Well, that's what Pop said. What? That was Slim Lanvin. Dead and known by his footsteps, his voice. That's just who it was. Yes, sir, Doc. Dusty's pa knew Lanvin as a Lone Ranger. That's right. He did. I didn't think of that. Anyway, just after Lanvin put on the boots, they heard somebody else coming. Somebody else? Yeah, somebody else. Lanvin went and hid in the woodshed. Your pa, thinking all the time he was the Lone Ranger, wouldn't want to be seen. How about the other fella? Well, Pop says he'd come in, started asking questions about them same boots. What boots? The boots that Lanvin had just put on, the ones your pa had made for him, thinking he was the Lone Ranger. Well, be doggone. So, Pop asked him who he was, and Dusty? You know what he said? What'd he say? He told you, pa, he might be a friend of yours. A friend of mine? Well, just about that time, your pa says the shooting started and he was hit. He don't recollect no more. I wonder who the hombre was. Well, Pop said he judged from his walk that he was a big fella. Anyway, Pop said he was the one that shot him. I wonder who he... Don't go, Marshall. Mask man! Came in the back door. Who are you? What do you want? I've been standing in this back hall. I've heard every word.  You'll not get away with this, I warn you. Marshall, does this mean anything to you? Hmm? What? A silver bullet?  Well, I'll... Well, that's not important. Dusty, I'm the man your father thinks shot him tonight. You? You were the man who went in the shop who claimed to be my friend? Yes, and I'll prove I am your friend. Tonto! Huh? Keep us on your... Tonto! Why, that's the name of the engineer. Hey, man! Dusty, there's a man who shot your father. Slim Landvin. Landvin, why are you... He's wearing him boots of pop mountain. I'll kill him. Oh, Dusty, I'll take care of Landvin. But he told me he was a Lone Ranger. It was because of him I was sent to prison. Landvin shot my dad. Yes, I know. Landvin never did a decent thing in his life. Tonight Landvin is going to settle for some of the things he's done. What's he going to do with me? Don't let him hang me. No, you won't be hanged tonight, Landvin. You're going to do a bit of acting. You won't like it, Landvin. But remember, while you're acting, there'll be a gun sunk to the cylinder and that scrawny back of yours. And if you don't say the right thing at the right time, I'll get a nervous trigger finger. Come on. Wonder what's going on? I don't know. Me and a couple of other fellows sitting up with Pop when Dark and Dusty come in and run the whole lot of us out. About the same time, the Marshal and three other fellows come up and slipped into the woodshed. Who was they? I don't know. One was a ninja. Now there was a big fellow with a mask on. With a mask on? Yeah, wearing a mask.  And was that third fella scared? You must have been the ombre that shot Pop. Probably taken a minute to let Pop identify him. Well, if they are, they better hurry. Poor Pop was sinking when Dark came in and run us out. How you feeling, Pop? I'm sinking, Dark. I know I'm sinking. There, there now. I wouldn't mind going if only Dusty had come. You really want to see Dusty, don't you? I want to see Dusty more than anything. Even more than living. Pop, listen. Huh? Have you ever heard them footsteps before? Dusty. It's Dusty. Dad, Dad.  Yes, Pop. I'm, I'm ready to go now. No, you ain't ready yet, Pop. Dusty brought a friend. A good friend. A friend? Yeah. A good friend. Whose steps you make them out to be, Pop? Dad. Make them out, Pop? A good friend. The best friend Dusty ever had. The lone ranger. Dad. You want to shake Pop's hand before he goes, don't you, lone ranger? Yeah, yeah. I, uh, I want to shake your hand, Pop, before you go. Watch after Dusty when I'm gone. Won't you, lone ranger? Yeah. Yeah, I'll watch after him. Then promise me what you want the lone ranger to promise, Pop. Can you speak up?  Can you hear them footsteps, Pop? That's him. That's him. Who is it, Pop? Tell us who it is. That's the man who shot me. So, so the lone ranger captured him. Dad. Dad. Yes, Pop.   Yeah. I can go now. He's gone. Get the landman out of here, Marshall. Come on, Slim. You've done your act. But your next one's going to be a lot tougher. Come on, Dusty. Why did you do it? I died thinking you're the man who shot him. Why did you do it? Dusty, it's not important that your dad should have known who actually shot him. See, Dusty, your dad believed in an ideal.  But to his unseeing eyes, Slim Landman was another man, a man you yourself had created. I know. I wish I could forget. So you see, Dusty, your dad first and last believed in you. I could have explained to him. It wasn't right for you to take the blame. No, it was too late, Dusty. It's a sacrifice. I'll never forget. Sacrifice? Dusty, the man Landman shot at tonight, was me, not your father. What I did just now, well, it was the least I could do to repay the sacrifice he made for me. What happened to Landman, the gunslinger who shot Pop Martin? That's what I heard the Marshal say. And the Marshal said Slim's partner was being brung in with the deputies. Both of them was mad by that big masked hombre who just walked out of the shop with Dusty Martin. Yes, sir, he... he had his arm around Dusty. Sort of consoling him like. I wonder who that masked fella is. I thought he's a bandit. When I first seen him. Bandit, bandit, nothing. Well, the Marshal told me who he is. Only he said for me to wait until he gets out of the crowd before I said anything. Well, I don't see him. Who is he? Who is he? Well, he's the Lone Ranger. What you have just heard is a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


The use of the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies as legal tender for domestic transactions in Nigeria is under probe, according to Tuesday order from the House of Representatives sent to the Committee on Banking Regulation. The House of Representatives also urged the Central Bank of Nigeria to address Naira's discrepancies and depreciation value in relation to the dollar and other currencies. The House requested the CBN to alter monetary policy to stabilize the Naira, address speculative activity on the foreign exchange market, and raise the Naira's withdrawal cap to lessened pressure on dollar and other foreign currencies. It also urged the Federal Government to develop structural changes and measures to fight corruption and advance the nation's economy's diversification. The House additionally urged the Federal Government to increase foreign investors' confidence in its fiscal and monetary policies to stimulate exporting and decrease importing. It instructed the National Security and Intelligence Committee and the Committee on Banking Regulations to communicate with the Nigerian Central Bank to launch compliance efforts. These resolutions were passed when the Honourable Ismaila Dabo's motion was approved. To urge the Central Bank of Nigeria to implement monetary policy adjustment to stabilize the currency, address speculative activities in the foreign exchange market, and increase the withdrawal limit of Naira to reduce pressure on dollars and foreign currencies. Today, if you want to travel to this country, you are forced to pay in effects, you are forced to pay in dollars. You find out that it charges equivalent of about 3.7 million Naira here to buy an economic ticket to travel to for a six-hour flight. But those coming from the UK for instance, we can pay far, far less when they are paying in palm sterling. Let's invite even the CBN Governor, Minister of Finance, as a house. It is our responsibility to hold those that are driving these policies, to hold them to account that, look, let's see your policy document in respect to the economy. Because it will continue like that. Tomorrow, the dollar will be 1,500 and we'll just be smiling. Subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Viola Cannabis was founded in 2011 by 16-year veteran of the NBA, Al Harrington. Green Market Report had a chance to speak with Al during the recent MJBiz conference in Las Vegas. Viola is a company that I started in 2014, I actually started in 2011 when I saw the benefits of cannabis, helped my grandmother who was suffering from glaucoma, 79 years old, was able to convince her to just give cannabis a try to deal with her eye pain and an hour and a half later after her trying it, she was downstairs reading a Bible. She was crying and telling me that was the first time she did that in over three years. So that's what really inspired me to learn more about cannabis. That's when I first realized that a lot of the stigma that had been taught to me over my whole life was pretty much a lie that cannabis was actually medicine and for me a miracle plant. And that's when my journey started with cannabis. We named the company Viola, which is my grandmother's name because she's the one that inspired us to get to this point. Viola just opened its first medical marijuana dispensary in Detroit, Michigan. Michigan has been a big challenge for us to be honest. We identified the Michigan market about three and a half, four years ago now. One of the main motivating factors for us coming into Michigan was that we wanted to be able to empower the black community through cannabis by obviously offering jobs, but also creating environments where we could help young entrepreneurs get ownership in the cannabis space.  When we first got there, we got derailed. We had a raid by the police back in 2018 and really set us back. It was a situation where obviously we were in the right. We had our day in court and the police was wrong for what they did, but it definitely put us in a spot where it was kind of we want to keep doing this or do we want to leave. But we decided to stick with our guns. We felt like this market was very important to what we believe in and the people that we can actually affect and help through this plant. And I'm proud to say that we was able to open up our retail location about two weeks ago. Right now we are a medicinal dispensary because the city of Detroit decided to opt out of recreational uses first time around. Don't understand, you know, really why they did it, but you know, I figure they will fix it pretty soon. Detroit's a market, especially with the fact that it's thriving and more business and more things are coming there.  And, you know, I think that a lot of players are coming in because, number one, they are users.


A group of young adults from all over the country will be spending the next six months restoring buildings all over Minnesota. Reporter Cheryl Moore tells us about the Northern Bedrock Historic Preservation Corps. In the Chippewa National Forest near Walker, there's a group that will be spending the next six months fixing up historic buildings all over the state. They're called the Northern Bedrock Historic Preservation Corps. Our main goal is to get people interested in hands-on preservation trades. So we're in the process of working with different project hosts that have historic properties. Doing this type of work, it's a very specialty type of crafts work because you're not just fixing something. You're fixing it according to a certain standard. This year, there are more than 120 people who applied to be in the Corps. So this group is the lucky chosen few. All the Corps members are between the ages of 18 and 25. They work eight, ten-hour days in a row and camp out on the work site. After they ate days, they get a six-day break. Obviously, a porcupine had taken an interest in some of the siding on the building, and it began chewing on it. And so one of the things they've done is repair those planks that were involved with that. Really good as per year, like construction work, like PTA, right here PTA. One thing people say that they get out of this is how to work together as a team. And with that teamwork, friendships are formed. It's for me the first year, so really exciting to enjoy with groups and crew. Last year's group did more than 18,000 hours of service. And this year's group is setting that number as their bar. Participants say it's something they can be proud of ahead of their final day of work in October. A lot of the Corps members had never used hand tools before. They'd never done any saw work, and to see them learn that throughout the process for the past couple of days has been awesome. Reporting in the Chippewa National Forest, near Walker, Sheryl Moore, Lakeland News. And after this project, one of the Corps groups will be restoring a cemetery in Minneapolis. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Hi and welcome to the CSS Podcast. This season we're answering your most burning CSS questions and one of those often relates to relative units like percentages. Weirdly, percentages might actually mean different things when used in different contexts in CSS and you might be trying to use a width or a height percentage when there's no parent to even measure against. So to make percentages a little bit less confusing, we're dedicating today's episode to answering why a percentage value isn't working or isn't giving you a value that you expect. So classic with CSS, you're like why? Why? All right, well to kick things off about percentages, we have to talk about how it resolves differently based on where it's used. Just like you were saying like padding top 20% resolves to 20% of the parent element width, not the height. Font size resolves relative to the nearest defined font size, kind of like an M and transform translate resolves against the element itself, which is why it's so unique and handy. And those are just to name a few examples of where these mismatches might happen where you thought it was resolving against one thing and it resolves against something else. So we always do scenarios for these things because I think it's easier to like ground ourselves in these problems that we're having with percentages. And so this first scenario is like, this is one of the big stompers I see time and time again, is why isn't body height set to 100% filling the viewport? Why if I said body height 100% that's as soon as it's over. Yeah, and there's so many hacks and so many different ways people do it and I've seen some super clever ways to do it, clever good and clever bad. And now we have new viewport units and blah, blah, blah. And some of them have side effects and some of them don't. So anyway, the reason is it's because the document body isn't the first element. We like to think about it like it is, because that's where all of our content goes. But the body element is inside of another one. It's not the element that sets the size for the document. That's what the HTML element is for, or the root selector. So you can help body height 100% resolve to the viewport by setting height to 100% not min height or max height, but you set HTML height 100%. Now the document is the viewport. This is the crucial thing. It should be in your reset HTML height 100%. And this is a great starting style. Yeah, for normalizer reset, it's because now once the HTML size is 100%, I set the body's min height to 100% not a tight because otherwise you'd get some overflow issues or you'd get, you know, you don't want to fix the height of the body, you just want it minimally to be the height of the viewport. So this says be at least the size of the viewport because it's at least the size of the parent when the parent is got a firm size, the HTML in this case has a height of 100%. So the parent has a firm size is as I am this, I'm not min this or max this, that HTML says I am 100% and the body height can resolve 100% of itself correctly, because now it's not it has something to resolve against that has a firm size. So anyway, hopefully that clears up why your body height 100% doesn't doesn't stretch to the space and is always collapsed. And now you can just live live free just set that height 100% on HTML and I think it'll solve most of your issues. Yes, and a great explanation for this a way that I think about it sometimes too is like when you don't have any content also in the body, it's not going to be as tall as the space that you might be viewing it in the viewport. So having that content is really something that determines the height of any element intrinsically, any something to grab onto. So another solution for this is actually using viewport based units instead of percentages. And viewport units are a way to have a more concrete value that looks at the viewport size. So you can use like VW for viewport width or VH for viewport height, and you could set something to viewport size units instead of percentage size units. So that's one way to deal with it. So if you do like 100 VH for the height, similarly to percentage, you might get some overflow because it might be even taller than you expect. So there's actually new viewport units called dynamic viewport units, where there are a few there's SVH and SVW which is a small viewport height and small viewport width. And there's also LVH and LVW which is a large viewport within viewport height. And then there's dynamic viewport within viewport height, which is DVH and DVW. And these dynamically adjust based on if you have like a header that pops in on mobile. And that's where you run into additional viewport sizing issues and 100% sizing issues and overflow is when you're on different device types. So I like to use DVH now for any kind of demos I use where I wanted to stretch and be 100% of the viewport height and the dynamic viewport height. So that's what I would recommend for any type of full sizing. If you don't have content, for example, that fills all that space, like, and you still want to have like an action bar on the bottom, like a header on top and have something nestled in the middle. DVH has saved me so many times. So another thing is if you also want to make sure that it's stretching and your element is absolutely positioned or fixed positioned, you can use VH or VW with your viewport based sizing instead of percentages, or you could use the new dynamic units to here. These units are relative to the viewport, so they'll work even if the element is not positioned normal in the flow of the document in the normal flow of the document. And that's something that you might run into also is if you have these absolutely your fixed positioned elements. And then you're trying to position them with percentages, like oftentimes it collapses its position, essentially, it goes into a different flow. And you might be expecting to look at its its Dom parent, and that's not the actual size that that element is going to look at. So another case for viewport based units in your style sheets, I use viewport units a lot. Yeah, that brings up a good point, too, that like viewport units don't take account the scroll bar and stuff. And so they're either like easier to put in your style sheet, but they can overshoot or undershoot in the value. And that's a reason I stick with percentages. Also DVH just came out. So if you need to do something that's retro anyway, we have a lot of ways to fill the viewport now. Yes, but it is newer, but it has been supported since November of last year, November 2022 in Chrome. Let's see here, Safari, March 2023. So that was earlier this year. And then in, oh, it's not supported in Firefox, never mind. Never mind. Don't use this in real life use viewport units. I thought this was cross browser, but oh, see me like use VH don't use DVH. Oh, wait, wait, I was looking at the wrong thing. I was looking at DVH static method in a function. Which is interesting that pops up first in, can I use? DVH has been supported since March 2022 in Safari, November 2022 in Chrome, and May 2022 in Firefox. Okay, that's what I thought. These have all been out in every single modern browser for over a year now. So they're safe to use. Nice. Cool. Excellent. Yes, if like, if I'm doing overlays, like a dialogue or something like that, I'm not going to reach for percentages. I'm going to use DVH for sure. Okay, well, another reason your percentage might not be resolving to what you want is for like a child element is because the element is positioned to absolutely are fixed just like we're talking. Absolutely in fixed position elements are removed from the normal flow of the document, just like you were saying again, and they're not affected by the height of their parent elements. You might need to give the parent element a height or a width may even be able to set it to 100% of its, if its parent has a size. So this is again, we're like, where is this in the page? If it's a fixed element, it's now attached to the sort of HTML and your percentages are going to be resolving against whatever size that is. So be aware. Yeah. So also a weird thing that you might not realize is when you have the element in a flex or a grid layout, Flexbox and grid layout actually use their own rules for determining the size of elements. So percentages might not work as expected. And you can see that if you have something in flex and stretching. So percentages can be really challenging with intrinsic design when you're working with elements exactly in a grid or some other format. And it doesn't really work in that context. So if the child is in a flex or a grid, it might not have a defined height. And that's why you can't really query the block size of a grid item for a container query style either, which is a challenge for container queries, because you might have something in a grid and you want to query the block size, but it might not have an intrinsic size because it's filling its grid parent space. That's a challenge. It also might be a challenge with percentages. Yep, stretch, no stretch, align, don't align, you know, all those different things are impacting what the size of this thing is resolving to and grid wants to control that a lot, right? So the percentage, it's going to struggle in that scenario. All right, so we talked about percentages earlier about how they kind of resolve differently. We got width, height, margin, padding, font size. Let's kind of recap some of those, because I think this is just a good healthy reminder for folks. So like padding top, if I put padding top 20%, this resolves to 20% of the width of its parent, not the height. Which is funny, because you might be thinking of padding mentally like the space above and below if you're doing a padding top specifically. So there's also a very different definition of percent for font size. So if you use font size, you can set it to like font size 120%, which I do for headers sometimes. That's a completely different measure that's relative to the nearest inherited font size. So that would depend on the closest font size in the chain to the element that you're styling. So nothing to do with width or height. It's looking for the nearest defined font size. So funny. And then, yeah, the specialty one for transform translate, it's against itself. This is why like translate X negative 100% moves the element perfectly out of its own containing block, which is, love that one. Another funny one, like thinking about containers as background size, because if you have background size and you have a percentage, actually this is similar to like a gradient too when you have percentages there, it's relevant to the background position area of that element. So there you kind of get this like difference where it's not looking at a percentage with their height with background size like the location. And same thing with linear gradient or radial gradient or anything. If you're using percentages there, it's looking at the width. But then if you change the size, you can get like a squished gradient too. So you should be careful if you're using percentages and gradients, because it might be a different view than you expect if the size changes. I mean, it's why we have so many units in CSS, like sometimes percentage is exactly what you needed. And sometimes it's totally going to be weird and not right. That's why we have so many. There are so many different ways to use percentages. And it makes sense because there's different needs, like font size is very different need than a transform or translate than a width or a padding or a margin. But yeah, the percentages can be great, they can also be tricky. And another place a percentage doesn't work is SVGs. So if you're trying to do SVGs, they're responsive by default. If you set the whole width of it to 100%, then you size it up or down. But you have to do unit list dimensions for the actual path data. So if you're trying to like think about writing the stuff by hand or how it relates to other parts of the SVG, focus on SVG within the viewport dimensions of your SVG, the view box with SVG. And then you could size it up or down with percentage SVG. Yep, well said. And the last thing I want to cover here is cyclical percentage issues. So this is in the spec. And it's pretty easy to imagine, especially when you're doing intrinsic design, but like sometimes the height of a box depends on its children. And those children might be using percentages that reference the parent. Can you smell the issue that's happening here? Ooh, yeah, that doesn't smell good. Imagine a parent. Imagine a parent wants to contain the entirety of a child and then the child wants to be 50% of the parent.  It's like, no, you tell me the height. No, you tell me the height. Well, good news is the spec has instructions on how to resolve these intrinsic percentage issues. And since percentages have to resolve against different things, depending on which property they can be used with, there's numerous scenarios. I am not going to cover them here, but you can check the show notes for a link. If you're interested in the nitty gritty details about cyclical percentage resolution, they break down the scenarios pretty good and explains why they resolve the way they resolve. So anyway, I just wanted to mention cyclical percentage resolution. That's a good one to end on. I feel like that's something that people don't always think about until they run into it. And then it's like, oh, I've used percentages in one too many places now to figure out how to correct the references here. Yeah. So thank you, Adam. And also thank you, all of us, all of us, all of you for joining us today. I think it's always fun to talk about something that's so common. And yet we just have so many potential pitfalls with this topic. So I'm glad that we covered percentages and thank you for joining us in today's episode. Yeah. If you have any CSS questions, we'd love to answer them on the show. Just tweet us with the hashtag CSS podcast. I'm Yuna. That's at UNA. I'm Argyle, ARG, YLE, INK. Your question could help a lot of people. And just as a final note, if you did like the show and our conversation on percentages or even us just going through common CSS issues, please give us a review on whatever podcast app you're using right now to listen to the show or if you're watching it on YouTube, leave us a comment or share this podcast with a friend because that's how other people discover our show. And that means that we get to spend more time on making sure that we have cool little demos and also just topics that people care about and make sure that we spend time focusing on that for you. Yeah, we had a question recently that I still don't know the answer to. I'm trying to figure it out. That means it was a good question. Thank you for sending that in. It's been vexing me for days. You will get a response, I swear. Anyway, thanks, y'all. We look forward to your questions. And we'll see you all next time. Bye.


Hi everyone Joe for jazby's case rates comm with a team random randomizer So we sold 16 spots, and we're gonna match you up with one of these 16 teams right there We're only randomizing your names and not the teams per usual So name on top gets the pelicans name on the bottom gets the Pacers Either way you're guaranteed a team big. Thanks to these folks here Thanks to these folks for buying their spots straight up And if you have a little rooftop next your name that means you won that spot in one of those filler packs So congrats again Let's roll it. Oh, that's a different dice roll right there from a different break. Let's roll it six and a one seven times lucky seven one two three four five six and Seventh and final time after seven congrats to Matthew Shira Your names on top you get the pelicans. Bam There you go We'll put a little rooftop next to your name so you know you won that spot Lonnie double rooftops right there You've got the Grizzlies J with the heat Sean with the Mavs J with the Celtics Eric with the Bucks Ben with the Thunder Aaron with the Cavs John with the T-Wills Jesse with the Sixers John with the Spurs Matthew with the Suns Rosario with the magic hang with the Hornets Paul with the Blazers and Robert with the Pacers coming up in a separate video will be Hoops basketball premium stock pick your team at number for jazby's case rates.com


Welcome everybody to the North Saginaw Boulevard 24-inch water transmission main community construction meeting. If you have questions during the presentation, you can post them in a chat, then we'll address them after the presentation. If you can't post a chat, we will take your questions after we have filled all of the chat questions. Remember, you can always check the project page by going to www.fortworthtexas.gov and type in the project number which is 102-687. Then you can click on North Saginaw Boulevard 24-inch water transmission main. If you want to know about any changes to the project, be sure to subscribe to the project page. You can do this by scrolling all the way to the bottom of the page. Click on subscribe to this page and enter your email address. And I'm turning this over to your project manager Susie Abbey. Hey everybody, welcome. I thought I'd start things off with some introductions and we'll talk a little bit about the project and what you can expect during construction and then open things up for questions. So my name is Susie Abbey. I'm the project manager for the city of Fort Worth. Shane Ben is the inspector and will be your primary points of contact during construction. For those that are calling in and can't see the slides, my phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. And Shane's phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. If you have any questions or concerns during construction, don't hesitate to reach out. The contractor on this project is Jackson Construction and Danny Wincuchin is the PM for Jackson. The engineering design consultant is half associates and Leah Hodge and Preston Diller designed the project and they're on the call this evening. The project is in Council District 7 and the city's extraterritorial jurisdiction and in the Northwest Fort Worth Native Alliance. This is a snapshot of the overall project area. In general, the 24 inch transmission main starts just north of Heritage Trace Parkway. Just north of Heritage Trace. It's north of the industrial area and then generally tracks west of Business Highway 287 all the way to Bonds Ranch Road. The project also includes a flow transfer station in the vicinity of Muscogee Drive. Here's my think I skipped. There we go. So why are we doing this project? So this project is one of 2 in the area that brings water to new development in the north side 4 pressure plain in the northwestern part of the city. The 1st development that will be served by this water line is a brand new Eagle Mountain Saginaw High School. That's located along Bonds Ranch Road and the school is expected to open in 2024. The other project is the north point 24 inch water transmission main that's shown on the slide. It extended water service to the north side for pressure plane starting at Park Drive and all the way to the Heritage Trace Boulevard. We'll be connecting where this project ended and heading. So we mentioned so I mentioned water transmission mains pressure planes flow transfer stations. I want to walk you through what we mean by some of these terms so you can understand the project a little bit better. A transmission main is a large diameter pipe 16 inches or larger. That's designed to move large quantities of water to smaller mains and eventually to customers. A pressure plane is a part of the city that is at a certain elevation. The figure on the slide shows the north side 3 pressure plane and green and the north side 4 pressure plane in purple. The North side 4 pressure plane has a higher pressure than the north side 3 pressure plane. And so it needs a higher pressure water delivered to it to maintain the necessary pressure at the customers tap. So this project traverses north side 3 pressure plane, but it delivers water farther north to those areas of the north side 4. So the flow transfer station at Muscovy Drive connects the 2 pressure planes. And the purpose of this flow transfer station is primarily to maintain water quality in the large. Transmission main while the demands from the 1st development are still low. A small amount of water from North side 4 will be continuously released to North side 3. To keep the water moving in the big line into the fresh. Another function of this flow transfer station is to allow an emergency transfer from North side 4 to North side 3. So how will this project impact your property? The majority of the project runs parallel to the West side of North Saginaw Boulevard or business highway 287. And it crosses industrial commercial areas. Open land and in some new development. Neighborhoods in the vicinity of the project that will be aware of construction activities include the Cibolo Hills. Development Chapel Hill development and the North Water Tower Road neighborhood subdivision. However, in general, there should not be a significant impact to the community. People will see the project, but there should not be any road closures associated. Signs will be posted to alert motorists, but no road closures. The expected hours of construction are from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday. And if requested by the contractor 9 a.m. to 4 or 5 p.m. on Saturdays. We expect construction to start. February 20 2023. However, the heavier construction activities are expected to start in April. Well, and I do believe they'll start laying pipe in July. Construction is going to start at 2 locations. First at Heritage Trace and then about. Half a mile north of Heritage Trace they said expect to be working on 2 parts of project simultaneously. And we expect construction to wrap up late fall of 2020. Like Sally said at the beginning, if you need more information, you could go to the city for with website. And type in the project number in the search bar. 102 687 and that will take you to the project page. There you can download this presentation. And you can also subscribe to the page to get updates throughout construction. If you need to report an emergency or non-emergency. You can call the water department at 817. 3 9 2 4 7 7. And you can select option 1 to report an emergency 24 hours a day. Or if you need to talk to a customer service representative, they are available from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on weekdays. And they are closed on city holidays. Another way to report issues is to is through the my Fort Worth app that can be downloaded from the app store or Google Play. You can report sewer overflows, leaks, main breaks. And any number of issues through the app. Here's Shane's and my contact information. Once more our email address and phone numbers. Are are available. I'll read them out again just in case. We have some call ins my number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. And Shane's phone number is 682 328 126 includes our presentation. If you have any questions. Check and we don't have any questions in chat. Ryan, do you have any questions? No, I don't. Thank you for the presentation. Okay, Lauren McCarly. How about Kathy Hamilton. Thank you. Okay, David Mendez. No, no questions here. Thank you. Okay, any of our calling users, do you have questions that we can answer for you? Have someone joined calling users. Hello, we just finished the presentation. Is there something you want to your most concerned about? I was wondering if are the roads going to be like really torn up? Is there going to be construction like traffic? I guess congestion. We don't expect to close any roads. Or close any lanes during the project. So. Other than construction traffic, we shouldn't you shouldn't see any extra. Issues with. Okay. And excuse me, and how long is it going to last? It's going to be for while I was looking at that today. We expect to be done April. April of what'd you say 2020 wet for? Yes. Okay. Oh wow. Okay. So is it just tying into another like a main water line? Yeah, we're tying into a main water line off of heritage trace Parkway. And then ranch road, the school will be bringing in a 16 water line. To connect us. Okay. All right. You know, you had mentioned the North water tower road also. My mother in law's house is right there on that cul-de-sac. So. I mean, I wouldn't imagine it's going to affect anything for her, but. That's kind of where it looked like it was going to be coming in that. Onto that new road will be across the street across heritage trace. Right. Right. That's where we start. Yeah. Okay. And it's mainly just for all that new, the new subdivision, I guess, right? Or what is it? What's. That why y'all are doing this or what's the situation? I mean, I know those houses are already occupied. So. Yeah, what's what. So, the project we're connecting to. Provided some water to some of the houses in the North point development. This water line takes it to the new school. Off of bonds ranch road that should open in 2024. Oh yeah. That'll be good. Okay. All right. I guess that's it. Thank y'all.


So today we're at Gulf 28 and what we're doing now is we're doing a squad fire and movement range through the tree line. The new course is 100% building that more intelligent thinker, that critical thinker, which I think is something that the legacy POI that we used to do did not do at all. It's more catering to the force design. Just for a lot of years we were doing what we were told to do because somebody was telling us to do that but not actually questioning is this actually going to make a better model for future Marine Corps. Today we're finally employing everything that we learned for the past three days in buddy rushing and to a live fire for today. The instructor is actually legit care about you. They don't just like oh you don't know how to do it all right that's that's your problem like no like they sit down and talk to you like all right what's the problem like what are you not understanding. The biggest differences from my perspective is the way that we teach the students and the way that the students actually retain the knowledge. It's no longer PowerPoints, it's no longer whiteboards, it's using the Socratic method and just you know gallery walks, the new adult learning theories, things like that. The legacy POI it was all you know let's put 200 people in this room, let's teach them this class on a PowerPoint and then let's go practice it when the reality is 80% of them probably did not retain that information. Now this way we can ensure that everybody retains the information that we give them.


Just when it is about to leave Tranquil Lao PDR and enter Cambodia, the great Mekong River seizes to be its own meandering and placid self and builds up huge force. Awesome in its intensity, the swirling frothing gushing blue waters of Mekong are a sight to behold. At the Kone Falls, the turmoil in the mother of all waters is ephemeral, but it soon settles down to flow gently. In a country where ironically, history has been extremely tumultuous. True to Indian traditions, where it is difficult to separate myth from history, Cambodia's founding too has been left at the mercy of mythical legends. Chinese writings and Sanskrit inscriptions give legitimacy to a thousands of years old tale in which a young North Indian Kambhoj Brahmin, Kordiniya, discovered Cambodia. The place was called after him as Kambhoja. French rulers stuck to this name and called it Kambhoj. It has also been called Khmer Kingdom after its people. In the old days, a Khmer king had to be a Cambodian and an Indian at the same time. Hindu kings implanted their concepts in Cambodia that also gave birth to a writing system and the first inscriptions. Temple architecture and mythologies followed soon. Since then, India throbs robustly in every aspect of Cambodian life. Cambodians were eager and willing recipients of India's culture. The best example of this enduring legacy that subsumes art, culture and architecture is the world's wonder. The great temple complex of Angkor Wat. Located in the town of Siam Reap, Angkor is a temple kingdom whose period spanned between 802 and 1432 AD. A marvel in stone and vision, it is spread over an area of 200 square kilometers and is grander and bigger than any such edifice in the world. King Jayavarman II, who freed himself from the yoke of Indonesian kings and consolidated the Khmer people, founded the Angkor Kingdom. Taking the help of Brahmin priests, he declared himself Devaraja, God-King. But the Angkor Wat temple was built by King Suryavarman to honor Lord Vishnu and his various incarnations. It is here that one experiences the continuity that runs between Hinduism and Buddhism. Lord Buddha is shown as the 9th avatar of Lord Vishnu. Indian temple architecture may be its inspiration, but Angkor Wat is very different and very Khmer. Unlike Hindu temples that face east, Angkor Wat has its back to the sun. So when the sun rises, Angkor does not really glow but looks dark and brooding. And as the day marches, its towers, buildings and steep staircases begin to acquire a brighter hue. Angkor's extraordinary bas-relief makes it one of the most awesome structures conceived by the human mind. Its splendor and its harmony have left archaeologists and historians enthralled. Its imposing interiors, some sunlit and others dark, house amazingly intricate and sophisticated bas-relief of Mahabharata, showing the feud between the Kauravas and Pandavas and the triumph of right over wrong. Ramayana and the churning of the ocean are carefully sculpted. These wall sculptures also expose our world to wars and conquests of the Khmer kings and the lives and aspirations of its people.  Besides divinity, the temple also celebrates the female form. All over the complex, there are exquisitely carved images of the Upsaras, the temple dancers. 39 kings ruled Angkor for 600 years and exhibited enormous capacity for imperial and cultural expansion. Through war and conquest, they occupied large parts of Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, and left their indenized signature in temples and pagodas. Angkor Thong was the capital of the Khmer kings. Early travelers called it a city that was bigger than even ancient Rome, with a population of about one million. The houses of mortals that were made of wood could not survive time, but the rock-built abode of gods could. The most dramatic and enigmatic of all buildings is the Bayon Temple. Discovered much later from its dense green shroud, this temple lies in the architectural center of the royal palace of Angkor Thong. There are 200 large faces carved on 54 towers of varying heights. These faces do not say a single word, but have a smile that seems to hide a million mysteries. Earlier, these heads were believed to be that of the Bodhisattva, but later research revealed them to be the images of an omniscient king, Jair Badman VII. Banpe Sreya, or Ishwara Pura, is a 10th century temple famous for its intricate carvings, and is known as a jewel of Khmer art. Built by a Brahmin priest, this beautiful temple was single-handedly pillaged in his youth by the former French culture minister André Malraux. Banpe Sreya has large panels showing the immortal story of the kidnapping of Sita by Ravana and his confrontation with Lord Shiva at Mount Kailash. The story of Lord Rama and Sita exercises tremendous sway over the people of Cambodia and Southeast Asia. The story has been adapted in different languages under diverse backdrops. Cambodia's Ramayana ballet group enjoys the patronage of the royal family and is epitomized by grace and language movement of its colourfully costumed dances. Every year, the Ramayana festival is held in front of the majestic Angkor Wat. The charm and mystery of Angkor have been heightened by the fact that for hundreds of years, it was lost inside the thick tropical Cambodian forests. How did Angkor slip into darkness and neglect? Stone inscriptions indicate that invasions from nearby kingdoms of Ayodhya and Chams weakened the Khmer kingdom, forcing its ruler and people to leave. After the people left, the tropical forest took over its buildings. And history moved over to other kingdoms and other concerns. Putting Angkor together again required patience and commitment of conservationists. But all their good work seemed to go waste during the 1970s and 80s. In power for three years, the Khmer Rouge destroyed the Cambodian society by ravaging cities and transporting the country back to the Stone Age. More than two million Cambodians died in the killing fields of Cambodia. Every institution of the state was destroyed. The existence of historical sites, like Angkor and Chisur, felt threatened by an anarchist philosophy. In the capital, Nampen, the Tol Slang Genocide Museum is a living testimony of the violence fellow Cambodians subjected each other to. Earlier, a primary school, Tol Slang was a torture chamber where more than 20,000 people were first brutalized and then murdered in the most ghoulish way. After the war ended, the country's leadership began the painful process of reconstruction. The Indian government sent a team of archaeologists to restore Angkor and its environs. There were hostile times. The Indians negotiated live mines, armed bandits and nature and restarted its restoration. The Cambodian government acknowledges the bravery and professionalism with which these archaeologists worked in difficult conditions. Slowly, but surely, Cambodia is warming to peace and development. Roads have begun to bustle again. Cafes and restaurants have come up on the enchanting riverfront of Tonle Sap, the scene where nature presents a strange phenomenon. During the rainy season, the river changes direction to accommodate an overflowing Mekong river into the great Tonle Sap lake. The impulses of growth in Cambodia are coming from Thailand. For long the lone practitioner of market economics, Thailand has managed to leverage its geographical position, ancient culture and relative tranquility to its great advantage. Not surprisingly, the Ganga Mekong Cooperation Pact was an outcome of all the countries that share a common land mass, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam to build on the collapse of flawed Cold War foreign policies. That distanced neighbors. As market got primacy over ideology, it became possible to conjure ideas and development objectives that could be jointly pursued by India and five other Mekong Basin countries. And the real spin-offs of this relationship are likely to be visible in the transport and tourism sector. To start with, the dream of having an east-west corridor between India and other countries of the Mekong Basin could become a reality. This could kick-start trade and tourism and help in generating more wealth for all the participating countries. The Mekong touches Thailand only briefly. The point where it touches its northern part before it flows serenely to Laos is the Golden Triangle. Sopruak, the center of the Golden Triangle, is a fascinating piece of history and geography. Here, three countries – Thailand, Lao PDR and Myanmar converge. Last 200 years of history and politics of this region has been closely linked with the main crop of this region – Opium. All the countries of the Mekong region have struggled hard to fight this disturbing colonial legacy. Thailand's northern region best showcases everything that is so typical of Mekong culture. Tribals who live in these parts are similar to the Indian tribals. Their jewellery is made of the old coins of British India. And their exquisitely embroidered dresses too are little different from the ones worn by the Mizo and Naga tribes of India. Their dances, myths and superstitions too are said to be the same. Economically vulnerable, these tribals have been used by vested interests to grow, sell and use opium. In recent years, the Thai government has managed to eradicate the cultivation of poppy and wean the tribals from it. A major role to rehabilitate the land and its people has been played by Doi Tung Foundation, set up by Thailand's royal family. The foundation creates a pool of dignified jobs that help in producing a basket of goods. Doi Tung project has also succeeded in preventing women from getting lured by the flash traders. The problems of tribal regions notwithstanding, the northern part of Thailand is culturally vibrant and colourful. And this frenzy reveals itself during the festival of water – Sankaran. Similar to the Indian festival of Holi, Sankaran is held on April 13th every year. For a week, the whole of the Mekong region is awash with gaiety and light-heartedness. Thais are extremely traditional when it comes to family values. Festivals become an occasion for family reunions and seeking the blessings of the elders. During this time, Chiang Mai, the old capital of the northern Lanna Kingdom, transforms itself into a riot of water and white powder. Speeding pickup vans mounted with drums of chilled water routinely dunk frolics. Chiang Mai still retains the distant links of this kingdom with India. What Jet Yacht Pagoda is designed on the Bodh Gaya temple. Hindu gods can be found in some of these temples. The hilltop temple of Wat Prathat Doi Sudheap provides a panoramic view of this kingdom. A rollicking tourist destination, Chiang Mai has a lot to offer. At Mai Se, it has a facility for training elephants that attracts visitors in hordes. Tourists just can't stop admiring what these elephants can do – even play football. Chiang Mai is also the cultural centre of Thailand. Here, Ramayana theatre has been perfected to an art form. The bamboo dance too establishes links with the Indian northeast. Traditionally, people of Chiang Mai prefer to sit on the ground and eat in a style reminiscent of India. The Khantoghe is a traditional way of serving and eating food. Between the 9th and 11th century, the central part of Thailand was under the sway of an Indianized civilization called Dvaravati. Later, this kingdom came under Khmer rule, followed by more indigenous control of Thais. In a reverse movement, Thais or Ahoms of Thailand invaded Asean and ruled it for many years. Before they turned Hindus, Ahoms were animistic who left their impress on temple architecture. During the 13th and 15th century, the first Thai kingdom was founded in Sukhothai. From here on, the Thais began to break away from the Khmer influence and came into their own. Sukhothai came under the influence of the Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhism. It made an abiding contribution in the evolution of the Thai script and in the elegant and stylized walking Buddha images. Here, Thai architecture reached its architectural excellence. The pagodas are more beautiful and uncluttered than anywhere in Thailand. Some years ago, UNESCO declared Sukhothai Historical Park as a World Heritage Site. Sukhothai was captured by the Thai kingdom of Ayodhya. Named after the kingdom of the Hindu warrior prince Lord Rama, Ayodhya, this Thai kingdom ruled for 400 years. In the 16th and 17th century, Ayodhya reached the acme of civilizational greatness. Its waterways gave an easy access to the Gulf of Thailand and stimulated maritime trade with India, China, the Middle East and European countries. The kingdom of Ayodhya fought many wars with Burmese invaders and some ironically were even fought for Buddhist relics. In the 18th century, the Burmese armies captured and ransacked Ayodhya. Even today, the old capital continues to be in that state. The Chakris are the builders of modern Thailand, who also founded the capital, Bangkok. Striking a gentle balance between religion, tradition and modernity, the royal house of Chakri has worked hard to change the face of Thailand. Their palace is a fine exhibition of the high level of cultural and architectural excellence that the country reached under their rule. The exquisite Emerald Buddha in the palace complex is its prime example. The Chakris represent a synthesis of the two great religions of this region. Buddhists in belief, they have their own court bramins who perform rituals based on old Indian scriptures. These Thai bramins worship the same Hindu gods, but with distance and time, the shape of the temple and the architecture of how the deities are placed has changed. In recent times, Indian gods have become very popular. Temples of Hindu gods like Brahma and Shiva have come up in downtown Bangkok. Bangkok has some of the finest facilities for the tourists. Its shopping malls overflow with the latest branded goods. As the Mekong comes close to immersing itself in the South China Sea, the debate about what constitutes civilizational commonalities and how it can be used in further strengthening economic ties has intensified. The issue is significant for a country like Vietnam that has fought wars for a thousand years just to preserve its own culture. Cultural anthropologists insist that the old Vietnamese culture was closer to that of India. Vietnam also has a rice growing culture and farmers wear conical hats and work all day in the field to make the country one of the largest exporters of rice. In the central part of Vietnam, it is possible to experience the full implications of how different civilizations clashed. The footprints of this interesting struggle are available in and around Danang. The third biggest city of Vietnam is a cultural and natural treasure trove. Besides a river weaving across the city, Danang also has one of the cleanest beaches on this side of the world. It has rolling green hills from where it is possible to get picture postcard views of the Danang Bay. During the Vietnam War in the 70s, Danang was a rest and recreation center for the tired American soldiers. Close to Danang is Misen, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It has been witnessed to an interesting phase of Southeast Asian history. In the second century, Indian influence came to this part of Vietnam with the rise of the Champa Kingdom. The Champs, as they were called, were expansionists and fought long battles with the Vietnamese, Khmer and Chinese. They were also pirates and attacked passing ships. They attacked Khmer rulers and contributed to the collapse of the mighty Angkor Kingdom. Misen celebrates the power of Lord Shiva. For years, this ancient capital was in ruins. But now, the Vietnamese government, realizing the power of tourism to bring in mega-box and fund development projects, is turning this into a major center for cultural tourism. The remains of this great empire can be found both in the famous Champ Museum as well as in the periphery of Danang. Built by the French in 1915, Champ Museum is perhaps the finest of its kind in the world. Located on the riverfront, the architecture of the museum is such that the play of sun and shade enhances the beauty of these statues. Highly evolved in the intricate work, these images of Lord Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh shows the faith of the Champs in the Hindu Trinity. In the museum, there are also unique variations of the Shiva Linga. Most of these statues belong to ancient sites such as Misen, Indrapura and Simapura. Chinese influence is visible in the old port of Hoi An. Luckily, no bomb fell on this fairy-tale town during the Vietnam War and it looks wonderfully well preserved. It is a place where Chinese and Japanese merchants came and settled down, a place which is best covered on foot. Hoi An is an example of a cosmopolitan culture spawned by trade. Particularly interesting is the small Japanese bridge guarded by dogs. In the northern part of the country is the nation's capital, Hanoi. During the long-drawn Vietnam War, large parts of the city were devastated. But in the year 2001, there is no evidence of the havoc big bombs had on the city. History and its violence are now frozen in memory, museums and history books. But people have not really forgotten their past and their heroes. There is enormous respect for the contribution of the father of their nation, Ho Chi Minh, in the development of their country. Thousands queue every day to pay their respects to the imbalanced body of the great leader. The new part of Hanoi has a look of quiet efficiency about it. It has adapted itself to the new global reality where the market is the mantra. Hanoi also specializes in ceramics. This has become a major money spinner for the government. Vietnam was integrated after a bitter war in 1975, but it is still possible to sense the difference between the north and the south. And history is not the only reason. The southern part, which was under a U.S.-backed government before the country was reunified, compares well with any of the big Asian metropolises but without their crime and urban squalor. Earlier known as Saigon, Ho Chi Minh City throbs with excitement. Unarguably, the center of culture and business, Ho Chi Minh City represents a very aesthetic balance between modernity and tradition. Earlier, the capital of French-ruled Cochin China, the entrepreneurial temperament of Vietnamese people, finds full expression in this city. Ho Chi Minh City has emerged as the development pole of Vietnam. It has bustling markets where shops sell all kinds of goods. Ben Thanh is a sprawling indoors market in Ho Chi Minh City center, where everything that Vietnamese wear, eat, drink or use is on offer. It is a lively, exciting place for getting bargains. One of the most photographed buildings of Ho Chi Minh City is the People's Committee office. This French building stares at a European-style square where a huge Ho Chi Minh statue is placed. This square is a hangout for the tourists and souvenir sellers. Before the 1975 war, Ho Chi Minh City had a significant Indian population. The South Indian mosque and temples are evidence of the close links between the two people. The Vietnamese government is trying to leverage its strong hardware capability and strategic position to attract Indian IT companies to invest here. The government here believes that greater cooperation between the people of these countries would get a fillip once the full implications of the Ganga Mekong cooperation begin to unfold. Not far from Ho Chi Minh City, the great river of life Mekong splinters into small rivers to finally immerse in the South China Sea, Mitho, is a small town located in the Mekong Delta where all the attributes of a river civilization find full expression. It has small villages connected by road with monkey bridges. For villagers who live here, the Mekong is a vehicle for all their economic activities. It is literally a cornucopia of well-being that never really dries up. Mitho has a number of floating markets where villagers sell and buy their goods. In the early hours of the morning, small and large boats congregate to sell fish and fruits. Many of these markets just melt away as soon as the sun rises. For thousands of years, great rivers like the Mekong and the Ganga served as guides to a better world. They carried people and ideas to places which were agriculturally and civilizationally more fertile. Great civilizations and prosperous city-states were an outcome of nature's way to navigate people's destiny. In a world where ethnicity and culture have acquired greater primacy, the ancient bonds between the people of the two basins could serve as a starting point of a new order.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with a box of synergy hockey. This is random team break number eight from jaspyscasebreaks.com with eight, the cup hockey, R&B, random number block spots being given away and this counts towards the promo and we're giving away seven spots within the break itself. There's a lot happening here. So what a bargain. So if you bought a spot in this, so we took out seven spots and if you bought a spot in this, that's an entry. So let's grab your names, different dice roll for everything really, different dice roll for the giveaway, different dice roll for the random block number giveaway, different dice roll for the break itself. All right, so big thanks to this group right here. Let's roll it, let's randomize it, six and a three, nine times top seven after nine. Good luck, one, two, three, four, five and ninth and final time after nine. So from eight on down, no extra spots.  Extra spots for Mike, Oliver, Sean, Travis, William, Travis and Stephen Kay, there you go. Extra spots, extra spots. It's a good time to get extra spots. The rooftop next to your name. Extra spots are the fame. All right, so there's all 31 spots right there for all the hockey teams. There's all the hockey teams right there. Now different dice roll here. Let's roll it, randomize it. Always do the break first, different dice roll for the giveaway. Four and a three, seven times for names and teams. One, two, three, four and seven and final time. All right, four and a three, seven times for the teams. And seven and final time. All right, so here's the first half-ish of the list right here, 31 teams. Can't really get half exactly but there's the next half-ish of the list right there. That's close enough. All right, no trade windows. Let's just sort by team. Let's print and rip off the presses. And the Cup Hockey Brape will be in a separate video. We gotta do those number blocks really quick too but I'll be in a separate video. Got a Lexi Lafreniere. All of these cards will ship. I think 99% of these cards are either inserts or numbers or numbered cards. Probably a little bit easier that way for this hockey set. All right, so Cool Lafreniere for Stephen K. There you go, Stephen. And now let's go back to this list right here. Let's grab everyone's names. Travis down to William. And here's yet another dice roll here. We're gonna roll it and randomize that list again. Three and a one four times and then we'll match you up with a number block spot. So the top four will get into the more expensive number block and the next four will get into the 170 number block. Both kind of expensive but we're splitting hairs here. All right, once again, three and a one four times, top eight after four, one, two, three and fourth and final time. After four from nine on down is sad times. Close Travis, thank you for giving this. Thanks everybody for giving this a shot. I appreciate it. Happy times for the top eight. We got Stephen K, Sean, Sean, Oliver, Travis, Jonathan, Travis and Mike. There you go, congrats to this group right here. Thanks for getting in. I'm Joe, I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye bye. Or actually, no, not bye bye yet. Let me just visually show you what you got here. So there you go, Mike, Travis, Jonathan, Travis in that number block, Oliver, Sean, Sean and Stephen K in that number block. Thanks. Now, goodbye. I'll see you in a different video for the cup break.


Hello and welcome here to a little video on the subject of the geomagnetic field. Basically, we already know the Earth's magnetic field from the fact that when we have a compass in our hand, this compass roughly points towards the North Pole at every point on the Earth with the compass needle's own North Pole. And the question of course is, why is that? Why does the compass always point towards the geographic North Pole? The whole thing is due to the Earth's magnetic field. This is a magnetic force field that surrounds the Earth. And why the Earth has this field we'll look at afterwards. At the moment we can imagine that there is a huge magnet inside the Earth. The question is, where does this magnet have its North and where does it have its South Pole? As a reminder, the compass needle points towards a North Pole, upwards towards the geographic North Pole. So can this really be the magnetic North Pole that we imagine in here? Not really, because the North Pole and the North Pole two poles that are the same repel each other. So logically there must be a magnetic South Pole there, and that is actually the case. We stick to our idea that there is a magnet inside. It would actually be at South Pole at the top, where we would actually assume the North Pole. In fact, mankind has long thought that there was a big magnet hidden in the Earth. We'll look at what's really there at the end. And so that you can see that I'm not cheating, there are actually two magnets hidden. And you can see that the North Poles are each down. The geographic North Pole, what has been defined, is where the Earth rotates around the two axes. That is a magnetic South Pole. The whole thing is slightly shifted, so not exactly in the same place. We will discuss that at the end. And the geographic South Pole, so like the Antarctica, is actually what would be called the North Pole from a magnetic point of view. As promised, we are now getting a bit away from the idea of a large magnet stuck in the Earth, but rather thinking about where this magnetic field could come from. And that's simply because the Earth is fluid inside. It has different fluid levels and layers. And these liquids also contain metallic substances that move here and that generate this magnetic field, similar to a coil. There, two electrons move, which create a magnetic field. It has also something to do with the rotation of the Earth and the currents that result from it. What can of course happen is that at some point the currents no longer flow so nicely. That a closed magnetic field results. That has happened several times in the history of the Earth. Then the magnetic field has actually collapsed. The Earth was then exposed to cosmic rays without protection. And then, of course, it can also happen that the magnetic field reverses its polarity. We have had this before too, but it only happens every 100,000 years. Then the compass needle suddenly points with the North Pole down. It's also possible and that has also happened several times. At the moment it's still the case that our magnetic North Pole is down and our magnetic South Pole is up. Thank you for watching this video. I hope you enjoyed it.