Hi everyone, this is Jason Zach from Nathaniel School of Music. In this lesson, we are going to just have a rundown, a very detailed discussion and breakdown and summarizing the theory, all aspects of the minor scales. Now, the way I look at the minor scales may be slightly different because I look at all of them and I think all of them have a certain use case in terms of your harmony, what you compose and the vibe and the theme you want to bring to your music. So basically, we are going to look at the minor scales. We are not going to really look at playing it up and down like how it's normally done. If you're interested in that aspect, we have videos on our members only YouTube portal and our website, which you can access. This is mainly just to show you the theory behind it. There are going to be quite a few notes which supplement this lesson well, so you may want to check it out on our Patreon, which is available for download. So before we get cracking with the lesson, it'll be awesome if you could hit that bell and subscribe if you haven't already, share the video with your friends, give the video a like, that'll be very cool and leave us a comment with what you thought about this lesson and what you would like us to teach you in the future or any other way we can make this channel helpful for you moving forward. First off, let's look at how we form the scales and then we look at the uses and the harmony and what not. So if you take the key of C, this is C major, all the white notes. First of all, whenever we are forming any kind of minor scale, what I understand by minor is it's a scale which has a flat three or a minor third or a Komal G in Hindustani music. If this is the third, one, two, three, Sarega, you flatten that and you immediately get a minor vibe. What is a minor? It's a major minus one or you just remember it as a minor third, okay? And when you're learning intervals, I think it's very, very important to learn your thirds and your fifths and your fourths. I think if you start with that, yes, there are a lot of intervals in music. But if you can limit our study to just the thirds, you'll be fine for a start and everything else will graduate very easily. The perfect fifth, very important, perfect fourth, very important. You can learn that stuff with the circle of fifths. Perfect fifth is the clockwise neighbor. Perfect fourth is the counterclockwise neighbor of everything. The major third and the minor third, you just have to learn. And count like that. The moment you do things like this, it unfortunately means that you haven't learned it. One, two, three, four, five, C is fifth is G. No, that's not how you do it. C is fifth is G. Bang. You have to know it. So learn, invest your time and theoretical skills into getting the fifth, fourth, thirds which are major and minor. So C's major third is E. C's minor third is E flat. So any minor scale will have the flat which is the third, okay, or we just call it the minor third. Now a flat does not mean that it's a black note. That's what a few people get confused. Like for example, in the D major scale, the major third is F sharp. So when you flatten the F sharp, you're going to get F. So flattening is essentially going down a chromatic step. So chromatic steps going down, this is what I'm doing, chromatically going down. So that's the chromatic down thing. So of F sharp when it's getting flattened, sounds a bit weird, but F sharp when flattened becomes a white note F and that's the minor third of D. So minor third of C, D to the F, E to the G, F to the A flat, G to the B flat, A to the C, B to the D and over. And then you have C sharp to the E, D sharp to the F sharp, F sharp to the A, G sharp to the B, B flat to the D flat. These are all your minor thirds. Why I'm talking a lot about minor thirds because this entire lesson is about the minor scale. So all of the minor scales tend to have the minor thirds in them. So what else does the minor scale have which distinguishes or differentiates it from the major scale? One is the minor third and most of the minor scales, if you just take the major context, those are the five notes of the major scale. If you just flatten the third, it just starts sounding minor. Check that out and immediately you could build your home chord as a minor chord and contrast that a lot from its major, which is that immediately you've set a base as minor. So with minor scales, the way I like to remember them is you mess with the six and the seventh degree. The six in the case of the major, the four and five we leave alone, the six will be major sixth, major seventh. So in the minor scale, that assortment could change with along with the flattened third. So remember, minor scale will need that flat three and then you mess with the six and the seven. So the standard minor scale which we learn is the natural minor, it is also a relation or we call it the relative minor with respect to the major, to some other major. So the natural minor will end up being, it's a major scale with a flat three as all minors have, then a flat six and a flat seven. Flat six is called a minor sixth, flat seven is called as a minor seventh. So natural minor, natural, I don't know why the word natural, but I guess it's derived from a major scale. It could have been a major scale. If you started C minor from E flat, that would be E flat major if you started it on E flat. So what is this whole relative major minor concept E flat major, you move up a sixth, you'll get C minor. So that's the relative minor and major combo and very important in music writing because you could do your verse to be minor and you could move to the major scale, which is the relative major maybe in the chorus and it just creates that impact. You'll have a song with a moving theme. The dynamics would be great when you're writing a song with lyrics as well. So C minor, C natural minor, one way to remember it is flat three, flat six, flat seven octave. What's the difference between that and major flat three, flat six, flat seven. Now coming to the harmonic minor, the harmonic minor will be flat three as usual, then the flat in six and the raise seven, they say, but I like to just call it the major seventh and I like to observe the fact that most of what we learn with scales is a two step or a one step sequence, two steps, one step, two steps, two steps, one step, but with the harmonic minor, it adds a three step motion or an augmented second interval or you can say minor third. So it makes it really incredible, very unique for harmony also. That's why I guess they've called it the harmonic minor scale is the number of chords you can have with this is a lot. I've done a video just on the harmonic minor scale. So we'll be putting that in the description. Check that out. So minor third, flat six, major seventh, that's your harmonic minor scale, okay. So beautiful sound, beautiful scale and the harmonic minor scale is not really related to any major scale. Like it's a very unique set of notes, especially because of that B major seven. So it makes it a very different unique scale. In fact, the harmonic minor itself will have its own modes. You can learn the modes of this scale. A mode is where you change this around and start from another note. Like for example, if you wanted to start on the D instead of the C, you get that mode, very different sound, very different vibe. So it's a beautiful scale, the harmonic minor and so are its modes. And moving forward, another minor scale is called the melodic minor. Now the melodic minor has two ways of forming it. One way is the jazz melodic minor, which keeps it simple. Major scale with a flat three over major scale with a flat three. So what does that mean? Then major sixth, major seven. There we go. Major scale with a flat three. Of course, major sixth, major seventh. But the classical way of doing it would be go up the melodic minor and go down the natural minor. Down the natural minor means when you go descending, you do flat seven, flat six and then whatever the natural minor has to offer. Melodic minor up, raise six, raise seventh, flat six, flat seven on the way down. Classical melodic minor, jazz melodic minor, just normal. And yeah, it's also good to know that the modes of the melodic minor also are their own scale. So you have modes of the major scale, modes of the harmonic minor and then modes of the melodic minor. Another minor scale I wanted to add to this party because it's not there in most other parties is what I call the Dorian scale, not what I call. It's what we all call the Dorian scale. But the Dorian is not called Dorian minor. It's just called the Dorian scale. Now, why I like to put Dorian in the minor category is because it shares a minor third with like all the other minor scales, right? Harmonic, melodic and natural. So the Dorian has a minor third. But what's cool about it is if you look at your permutations between the six and the seven, let's say you have major sixth, major seventh, minor sixth and minor seventh to deal with. The natural minor happens to be flat six, flat seven. The harmonic minor happens to be flat six, normal seven. The melodic minor happens to be major six, major seven. And then there's one more permutation left, right? Major sixth, minor seventh. So we've covered minor, minor. Then we've done minor major, which is the harmonic minor sixth, seven. We've done major, major, which is melodic minor. And what's left? We have major minor, which is Dorian. So that'll be the usual one, two, three, four, five. At the major sixth, flat seven, B flat and N. Right? So those are your four go-to minor scales, which we find very useful in music writing. Because the natural minor is very melancholic in nature. When you combine a three-flat and a six-flat, it just gives you a very melancholic, despair kind of feeling. But then it can also so easily sound hopeful. The harmonic minor is the more interesting scale. Because it can sound painful and it can sound very hopeful at the same time. Both the minors, in fact. But the harmonic minor gives you a lot more chordal options. The Dorian tends to sound more brave and more epic sometimes. The movie theme score, you know. While the melodic minor just has a very mystical vibe. Very ambient, very dreamy kind of sound. To start off with harmony with these four scales, what I would encourage you to do is just do the one, the four and the five chords. So to form the one, the four and the five chords, it's quite easy. You just start with the root. Write your scale in a neat round circle. So for example, if I start with the natural minor, C, D, E-flat, F, G, A-flat, B-flat, C. Write that in a neat round circle. And then what can happen is, C will be the one. F will be the four. G will be the five. And then you build triads built off the one, the four and the five. You could also invert those triads by going one, four. Inverting just means you make it closer and jumble the notes so that they're easy to play. So C minor, F minor, C minor, G minor. So this can be some nice harmonic movement in the left hand. You could play them in any order. Play one, four, one, five or one, five, one, four. You can play all these songs. That's the natural. So if you build it with the other minors, you'll realize that the harmonic minor will have a one minor, four minor and a G major or a five major. Harmonic minor is used a lot. It's like a very Indian minor scale and almost every classical piece you'll ever learn is pretty much on the harmonic minor, not really the natural minor. You have that harmonic minor thing in a lot of classical songs. So harmonic minor would be one minor, four minor, five major, which I like to play this way. This is a good voicing in the left hand. One, three, five for the tonic major one, minor one, sorry. You could do one, four, six for the predominant or the four minor and seven, four, five for the five major or the dominant chord. You could accompany yourself with these chords. Similarly, the melodic minor will be one minor as always, one will always be minor. Four will be major because of that major sixth and the five chord will be again major. So one minor, four major, five major and back to one minor. Dorian, I love doing the one minor, four major back to one and then the five, one, buddy. So those are the four go to minor scales which people use. I would say the Dorian is more common for movie music or film scores, you know, for war themes and the brave stuff out there. Natural minors for the more melancholic stuff. And for everything else, there's the harmonic minor. The harmonic minor is also used very often in salsa and Latin music in classical western music and even in Indian classical music and Indian film music. So harmonic minor, I guess, is very, very popular, probably as commonly used as even the major. So I pretty much covered what I wanted to talk about, but I want to leave you with a few other interesting scales which you could form, which you could call as minor. And what is my premise for calling something minor? The fact that it has that minor third interval, minor third, not the major third. So what you could now consider is to form what I call as exotic minor scale. So to get like an exotic sound out of the system, you could make the two as flat or you can make the four as sharp. So the four sharp gives you that tritone flavor and the two flat gives you that chaotic minor second or that Arabic flavor, actually. Middle eastern, okay. It could even be Spanish. So you can build a lot of your minor scales like this. Like for example, you take just the first five notes and decide to sharpen the four very common sound, very Indian sound. There we go. You could also do like that's the Phrygian or the very flamenco Spanish sound that creates a very exotic flavor. You've just used that word to differentiate it from the four standard minor scales, natural, harmonic, melodic and Dorian as I'm calling it. So to make something exotic, what do we do? You raise the fourth or you flat the two. Imagine flattening the two and sharpening the four. That would be a very interesting scale. I can't use that in a song yet. Maybe I should. There we go. So you have all this stuff going on for minor and there's also something interesting to consider that you could, again, another word I use is what I call as hybrid minor scales where you don't have to necessarily, and this is what most composers do. You don't have to say, oh, I'm writing a song on the natural minor or I'm writing a song on the harmonic minor. Not necessarily. You can play with it through the song, through the composition. You can go, you know, you saw that. So I can do like a harmonic minor melody and then kind of not make the seven major. I can make it minor seven. So that's what I call as a hybrid minor scale where you kind of mix and match all the minor ingredients. And for one section you will be on natural.  So your song's theme is generally, or the vibe is generally minor, but you can move into these different parts which give you different emotions. You get a brave versus despair going on. You get a mysterious or eerie versus something more normal, you know, more common or you get something exotic if you want to do the flat two and the sharp four. Now, before I conclude, I wanted to point out and this is a very important thing which we've done on our channel. I release these daily riffs which some of you may already know and we put it out on YouTube. But what's also cool is we have a website where you can access. It's called riffs.jasonzackmusic.com. And on that website, you can go through a process of filtering riffs of your choice, which you would like to learn, which you would like to maybe download a backing track off, which is a feature which is coming up shortly or just learn. So there on the Riff website, if you go, we have an option called key and scale. Key will basically be CDF, GAB and the five black notes. The scale is where you want to explore, at least after this lesson. So the best way I can show off what I know on what you should know about minor scales is to just listen to a lot of my riffs, which I compose on these scales. So you can go there. You can filter it by minor by harmonic minor, whichever minor you want. I even put an exotic category there. There's also the hybrid minor category. There's so many options there and you can filter it, listen to those riffs and either learn it or just enjoy it and observe that. Oh yeah, it's that minor or it's that minor and so on. So there's a ton of resources available on YouTube, but then to access what appears to be now close to 2500 riffs at the time of making this video. It's going to be very tricky for you to find these things on YouTube. So head over to my website riffs.jasonzackmusic.com and let me know what you think about it, how it's helping you or if it's helping you, which I hope it is. Right guys, so what have we done in this lesson? We've looked at the four pillar minor scales, the go to minor scales, natural harmonic Dorian and melodic. We've also looked at how to harmonize it to some level. Then we've touched on the concept of making something exotic where you do flat to sharp four. Then we've also touched on the concept of making things go hybrid where you can combine all of the minor scales together, let them all join the same party and have some fun. Right, so I hope you found the lesson useful. There are a lot of notes which will supplement this on our Patreon and it'll be quite useful. It's a good resource not only for this lesson but you could consider as a monthly subscription with a good number of videos. Okay, thanks again for watching the video. Thanks for your constant support for our YouTube channel. Don't forget to hit that subscribe and that bell. Leave us a comment what you thought about the lesson. Share the video with your musician, people or friends, family or anyone. That'll be cool and I will catch you in the next one. Cheers.


Welcome back to the Ed Hoddle Show. I'm Joe Wombo joined now with Ed Hoddle, head coach of the football team. Coach, you guys come away with a homecoming victory again, hosting FDU Florm and strong execution on the offensive front. Yeah, the guys did a nice job executing the game plan. Against the defense that we thought all week was pretty good. Their front seven is a handful for sure. Number six, the hands kid is, I mean, he's an all-American and he played like it. He's making tackles on the perimeter consistently and making tackles in the inside run game. Just an impressive outing by him. And fortunately, we were able to connect and make some big plays and we were able to come out with the W. Yes, Sedgwick comes away with two touchdowns and a rushing touchdown. Brandon Booth has a strong performance, almost a coming out performance with 113 receiving yards. Let's talk about that duality and ability to get the passing game win. The run game may be lacking in cases.  I think the year before, I think he scored, you know, on homecoming. So interesting that he's kind of the guy we're talking about, you know, on a Tuesday after a win. But, you know, those two guys, you know, they're good friends. They work a lot together.  You know, I think three of those catches were on big third down, third and long situations, had a great day.  So, you know, being able to go to a reliable passing game in a situation where at times Saturday, we struggled to run the ball, you know, certainly certainly worked in our favor for sure. And definitely helps when the defensive side of things executes the way that they did with a number of sacks, a number of tackles for losses and three and outs just to get you the ball back. Yeah, I think we were, they were three of 14 on third down. You know, that's something that we emphasize. That's a Wednesday practice activity. You know, it's nice to see things go from practice and then show up in games. You know, that group on a whole is playing really solid, playing great team defense. And, you know, they're at a point where literally week to week we're watching them grow and get better. And it's exciting because the vast majority of them are back next year. So, you know, they continue to grow and continue to put good things on film. And we're super excited about them. Definitely a point to be excited about. Now, flipping the schedule headed up to Mizzera Cordia this week. What's going to take to execute there and come back with another victory? Well, you know, I think first we've got to handle the trip. You know, it's it's our third trip in four weeks. You know, not that that's an excuse. It's the schedule that we've been been given. And, you know, we've got to be able to handle the trip, handle the walkthrough, handle the hotel, be focused, locked in, you know, they're a good football team.  So I know we'll have that crew ready to play and we've got to go up and respond. Well, Coach, we wish you best of luck, safe travels. And again, thank you for your time. Thank you. He's Ed Hoddle. I'm Joe Wamba, and this has been the Ed Hoddle Coaches Show.


Oh my God, I can't believe they did that. Whether you like, you'll always another matter. I'm sorry, I'm a terrible reading buddy, but oh, I'm gonna finish this today. This is now my entire personality. So I cannot put it down. I cannot tell you how excited I am and how relieved I am to be filming this video today. Today, I will be talking about why I adore Jade City by fondly. This book is so, so, so, so hyped. The series is so, so, so, so hyped and I went into it expecting to once again be the villain and disappoint everybody by hating a incredibly beloved and hyped series. When I was halfway through this book and realized that I'm obsessed with it and ordered the Illumicant Editions when I was like not even halfway through, I was, I mean, overjoyed but also relieved. So Jade City, what is Jade City? If you have somehow not heard of Jade City, which I feel like is no one because everyone and their mother has already read it. It's just me that hadn't yet. Jade City is an urban fantasy, technically speaking. Although when I talked about it with Mara, it had not occurred to me to refer to it as an urban fantasy, even though it is absolutely not urban fantasy. But when you think of urban fantasy, there's a lot of sort of like story types and tropes that go along with that and this is not at all interested in doing that. So for Mara, when she was reading and she was sort of expecting sort of urban fantasy things like things that go with urban fantasy to be there and they were not. So there was sort of an adjustment for her. For me, I was like, oh, such a cool innovative, unique idea to tell a fantasy story, but instead of sending it in a medieval Europe environment or even medieval Asian environment, the idea of sending it in a city type environment with technology like what an unusual, never foreseen concept, except like, I mean, urban fantasy, it exists. And that's clearly sort of not fond of Lee's area of interest or inspiration. Like it's not urban fantasy that has inspired her. It is the idea of telling a story that is inspired by real world cultures and peoples, but also taking inspiration from mafia stories, taking inspiration from martial arts films and sort of mushing them all together into this quite modern setting that is also magical. So reading it, I was mostly reminded of Peaky Blinders, which is a show that I adore. And maybe, you know, Sons of Anarchy, things like that. It is taking place in a magical modern Asia, not in Birmingham. And I do really like the fact that fondly chose to sort of make this an amalgam, a pastiche mixing together fusion of various influences. So it doesn't read as like the magical version of any particular people, culture, place, history, tradition, et cetera. It is a blending of all these different inspirations, be they different Asian cultures, Asian places, Asian languages, the Asian diaspora in the West, all of it mixing together into its own thing. Which is more sort of like what you find in very Western and European inspired fantasy where it doesn't read like, oh, okay, this is magical Germany. I mean, sometimes it does if it's intentionally trying to do that. For the most part, Western fantasy isn't trying to be like, oh, this is magical Spain. Oh, this is magical Germany. Oh, this is magical France. It's just, oh, this is magical European inspired something or other. Similarly, this is magical Asian inspired something or other, where it is such a blending of things that it becomes its own thing, which I very much appreciate. Did I think this book was perfect? No, I didn't think it was perfect. For example, the magic system, which is to do with Jade, I found it, at least I have not read the second or third books yet. I fully intend to, and I would much prefer to be doing that instead of reading what you are. But the way Jade works didn't quite, not that it didn't make sense to me to understand how it works in the world. It doesn't make sense to me how she would choose to make Jade a resource that does not have to be renewed if that makes sense. So, or if it only makes sense if you read it. So the way Jade works is that the having of Jade, it gives you powers, it heightens your senses, et cetera. But it is not something that runs out. It's not like you can use up Jade. You just, the having of it in perpetuity, indefinitely heightens your senses, makes you stronger, et cetera, et cetera. So it's not like you have to keep re-upping your supply of Jade. It's not like, for example, in Mistborn by Brandon Sanderson, the magic system is to do with ingesting metals. And it's not like the people who are able to do magical things by ingesting metals, it's not like you ingest the metal once and now you have that metal and now you can just do magic forever. You have to keep ingesting that metal because if you do magic with it, you use it up. So you have to get more. And in Jade City, the gangs control the Jade supply and are also Jade users, which is unusual in this world. Not everyone can be a Jade user. So they have an interest in controlling access to Jade. But once you have Jade, you're good to go. Like getting more Jade makes you more powerful and heightens your senses even more. But it's not like you have Jade, you used it a whole bunch and now you need more. You can just keep using the Jade that you have. You don't need more unless you want to level up. But you don't need to replace it unless it got stolen or whatever. So I would think, narratively, it would make more sense to have Jade be something that you use up. But I don't know where exactly she's gonna go with it. Obviously in books two and three. So maybe there's a reason why it's set up the way that it is. And it seems to me that gangs controlling Jade's supply that it would make sense for people to constantly need to re-up their Jade and therefore need the gangs because their only way to get Jade is from the gangs who control the supply. Not getting their first ever and only ever Jade that they'll only ever need, you know what I mean? Anyway, otherwise the way that Jade works makes perfect sense to me and works really well on the story. And I think it's handled while she does some interesting things with it so far that aside from me questioning the choice to have Jade be just like forever beneficial never use it up. Other questions about who's able to use Jade and how other people might try to become able to use Jade. And obviously again, our protagonists vested interest in preventing other people from using Jade where I like I as a human citizen of the world, I'm like, should I be pro? The controlling and gatekeeping of Jade use? Like probably not. The democratization of Jade use is probably something I should be for. But the people I'm following that I'm rooting for are gang leaders who have vested interest in keeping their monopoly on Jade. So I'm pro monopoly on Jade I guess because I'm rooting for these characters. So like that, I guess if there's a weakness like that's a weakness I suppose. And a lot of this book also sort of if you don't agree and if you don't also feel the feels that these characters feel then it will not work for you. So like I have encountered this where I'm on the opposite end where I don't feel this way where you're reading a book and like you an author clearly intends this character to be clever or to be witty or to be funny or to whatever. And so they have them say things and do things and the like it's assumed by the scene the way it's written, it's assumed by the author that you agree that this is, you know an example of how witty, how clever they are. And more often than not I'm like but that wasn't clever, that wasn't witty. So I'm unimpressed. So in Jade City there's a multiple instances where if you do not feel the feels if you are not on board with this if you are not feeling what the characters are feeling where like, I mean it's about gang violence it's heavily inspired by the Yakuza although it's not, again, it doesn't read as like oh this is just the magical Yakuza. Again, you can see that she's inspired by that but it's not a one to one. When gang warfare occurs, when there's violence there's obviously retribution and that kind of thing.  That's unacceptable. Like if you're not on board with that if you're not also feeling those feelings you'll probably like not be on board with this story because it relies upon like that's your investment in the story, right?  Like if you don't also feel like, you know oh no, oh no about that. If you don't also feel like, you know if action was taken against the no peak clan if you're not right there with everybody being, you know like how dare they, we gotta get them we gotta get them back for that. Like if you don't also feel that way then you will not be on board with this and you like the drama probably won't like resonate with you. I was on board for every page.  So like it was definitely working for me. But yeah, like if you're not keen on a gang story and you're not gonna be able to root for a gang then great or a root for criminals or root for, you know people who resort to violence as their like first option if that's not something you're gonna read about and care about then it's not gonna work for you. I do think there's some interesting things teased about the sort of larger world and the larger sort of political situation that we are building up that is going to I assume be explored and it will be developed further in the second and third books but like we're already starting to see you know there's things talked about sort of the origins of the different clans and the different faith systems there are the beliefs that people have about Jade and who has a right to control Jade who has a right to use Jade the way that drug use is incorporated is interesting and the way that that ties into Jade and yeah, I think she's doing some very interesting things that I can't wait to see how that all kind of gets developed and further explored in the second and third books. I mean the characters really, really work for me I think the character work is very strong again, you know, is one thing to agree with this behavior or to condone it or to root for it or to be able to be into a story like this but that aside, I think the character work is very good like the characters are very internally consistent like the kind of personalities that they have they continue to behave in a way that is consistent with that personality all of the time and I find them, you know equally sympathetic and frustrating like I get why they're doing why they do what they do what they feel what they feel even if there's different perspectives that disagree with each other like when I image perspective like I understand why the perspective feels the way that it does at the same time, I also understand why the person that they are against or arguing with feels the way that they do and why what they do makes sense to them and I think that's all very well done and it's a lot of family dynamics and family politics and I think that's well done where like you really get the sense of there's years and years of like compounded family baggage that necessarily informs how they're interacting with each other and their ability to sort of politic and also like run a gang but they're, you know, brother and sister and father and son and cousin and uncle and aunt and grandfather and like you are, you know, working together but you are also family and that complicates things necessarily so for example, Hilo and Shay are brother and sister and again, when you were in their perspectives why if you're in Hilo's head, right and he's pissed about something and he's pissed about what Shay is doing or irritated with her or he wishes she would behave a different way it makes sense why he feels that way and then what he does about it it makes sense for his character that that's how he would react to that situation and that's what he would do but when you're in Shay's head you totally get why she would be annoyed with Hilo and why she feels the way that she feels and why she's doing the things that annoy Hilo it's very in keeping with her character and it makes sense for her to feel this way and do the things that she's doing so I mean, all of that I just think is very, very well written where I'm reading it and like it all, you know, it checks out and even when they do things that I guess on the surface might seem out of character at the same time they aren't so like if you examine their motivations and you examine what it is that drives each of them they are always behaving in ways that are consistent with that so again, Hilo who is, you know apparently a fan favorite and he's definitely my favorite Hilo on the surface right is a very sort of violent character and he's sort of even his place within the Nopeak clan, the gang that he's in is the sort of the muscle he's the fist, he's the enforcer like that is his job so he's again, from a surface level reading of who he is he's just the guy that like shows up and immediately is like ready to fight and like yes, like he is kind of that way but that's not all he is and it's not just a situation where like oh, he's a really violent guy but you know, he's a softy on the inside which like is cliche and also doesn't really make any kind of sense for a character to be that way even though like I feel like books have a lot of that where you're like yeah, but people aren't like that Hilo, when you read about him you come to realize that he's just extremely all in about everything in his life so if he's like fully committed to violence if he's fully committed to hating you then he's all in there's no gray area for him he's never gonna be like on the fence about something if he's, you know if you're somebody that he loves then he loves you and would move heaven and earth for you if you're someone he hates then he hates you and he will move heaven and earth to hurt you and so it could be read incorrectly as like he's violent but a softy on the inside because you see him enact kind of insane violence but also be very kind to the people that he loves but that isn't at all like a contradiction in his character because his devotion to whatever he feels where he's all in on it is evident in the way he treats the people that he loves and the way that he treats the people that he hates he's all in and so I think it's really very well written that way because you could so easily make him a cliche and he's not so whether you like Hilo is another matter I like Hilo, I'm not saying you have to like it but he is consistently risen and yeah, I just really, really, really enjoy Jade City I haven't been dreaded a book because I want to since I can't even remember when the fact that I was binging a book and not because the live show for it is tonight and I really gotta finish it or because like I have 10 more books on my TBR and I need to finish it or whatever like I didn't think that I had it in me anymore to just binge a book because I feel like it because I want to, because I cannot put it down and then there I was a past midnight reading Jade City and messing Mar and being like I'm sorry, I'm a terrible reading buddy but I'm gonna finish this tonight so I cannot put it down the writing itself, you know it is not the most beautiful thing I've ever read it is not, you know like Ratha Serlaini Taylor and like beautiful purple prose it is not super artful and clever the way that, you know, Abercrombie or Terry Pratchett or more Scott Lynch like it's not, you know, filled with like artful witticisms that are quotable quotes or anything like that but the writing is also I think more than the sort of windowpane prose that Brandon Sanderson for example is known for and himself, that's how he describes his writing I do think there is more beauty and subtlety and nuance and art to the writing than that but it is not like the prose itself is not like the standout of Jade City it's not like you read this and go like oh, this, you know, is a feast of words like it's not that but I do think the prose is quite good and she uses non-flust correctly multiple times which is apparently a very high bar so anyway, Jade City, 10 out of 10, 5 out of 5 whatever numeric scale, I love it is it perfect? No, I already identified that Jade not making complete sense to me why she would choose to do it that way the prose is not like amazing but otherwise, I mean, I can't really think of any other flaws it's more just like I don't think this would be for everybody I get why people wouldn't like this if you don't like gang stories if you don't like mafia stories if you don't like reading about criminals if you don't like reading about extremely morally gray characters doing morally gray things of like that's not your jam I am Jack's complete lack of surprise that you don't like this book but that is my jam, I love it so I think it is doing the kind of story and the kind of thing that I am already predisposed to view favorably and then she's executing it in innovative, creative, unique ways with the world being the way that it is the magic system, et cetera, et cetera so I think she's already doing a thing that I am inclined to like and then doing it exceedingly well and in a way that is unusual and unique so this is now my entire personality I am obsessed I already said I already bought the Illumicrate editions of the Greenbone saga they are on the shelf of special editions back there there is a dearth of merch like I would love to get a sweatshirt or whatever I found one on Redbubble that just says no peek on it and another one that has like a call family like crest I guess on it that that's it though so you artists out there please make me some Greenbone merch so that I can wear it at all times add it to my rotation yeah, this is like my new favorite thing and I'm so so happy and relieved that it is let me know in the comments down below your thoughts and feelings about Jancity are you also obsessed with it are you relieved that I'm obsessed with it are you disappointed that I'm obsessed with it whatever you wanna let me know I post videos on Saturdays other random times, what would all be Saturdays so like and subscribe join my Patreon if you go so inclined and I'll see you when I see you


I'm Belinda Spry, I'm the Executive Officer of Wikimedia Australia. So thank you, Ewan, for joining our session tonight. It's fantastic to have you with us. We're really looking forward to your presentation. I'll just give a quick bio before we head into the session. So I'd like to introduce you to Ewan McAndrew, Wikimedian in Residence at University of Edinburgh. The Wikimedian in Residence program has done absolutely amazing things like create resources on YouTube, integrate Wiki projects into classes such as create translations and add to Wikisource. We do have a link that I will put in the chat for those who want to read more. But otherwise we'll hand over to you and now and we're looking forward to hearing from you. Thank you. But basically our main website for the residency is at tinyurl.com forward slash wiki dash UOE, UOE for University of Edinburgh. And I'll explain a bit more about how it came about and what we've been up to. Okay, so why does Edinburgh have a Wikimedian in Residence? Well, we've got this vision that kind of suggests that we should. So where our graduates and the knowledge we discover with our partners make the world a better place. And our teaching and research is to be relevant to society and to be diverse inclusive and accessible. So we have a picture of old college that one of our students, Mahaila Bodlovic took and that is on call. And we also have what we believe is a shared mission with Wikimedia where University of Edinburgh has its mission as to be the creation and creation of knowledge and obviously Wikimedia wants to have everyone be freely sharing the sum of all knowledge. But how are universities walking the walk in that respect, in that respect, what are they doing that's not putting information into silos. So one of the ways is to sort of like look at teaching learning and research and working with Wikimedia. And we won an award a couple of years ago, the Higher Herald Education Awards for innovative use of teaching in forward period in the curriculum. But it started way back in 2014 and it started with students demanding that resources be made open. So way back in 2015, there was the national debate about how to make Scotland a more fairer, more inclusive, better society in the lead up to the Scottish independence referendum. But our student society user also that year challenged our senior managers at the university to make our education resources open licensed and openly available, not just for the students at the university but for the wider world as well. And that resulted senior managers responding with an apology about open education resources, and it was approved by our learning and teaching committee in January 2016. It's informative and permissive, and it encourages staff and students to use create and publish open education resources to enhance the quality of the student expense. So we have staff who manage this OER service who help colleagues make informed decisions about creating and using OER at the University of Edinburgh. And there's our website open.ed. We thought open university had the best domain name, but we thought open.ed was the next best. And it was all because our team manager, Dr Melissa Highton, was aware that there was a lot of work going on in the Wikimedia universe that she as a university IT manager didn't know about. And she thought, I'm going to decide to find out about this so she hosted an editathon to trial it out, which was on the Edinburgh seven, who were the first female undergraduate students to study at a British university. And there was a riot outside the Surgeons Hall in Edinburgh, when they tried to dare to study medicine. And so we made sure that they all had pages on Wikipedia in this editing event and we borrowed a Wikimedia in residence from Museum and Gallery Scotland. Dr Sarah Thomas to allow us to hold this event. I'm excited as an example of good practice in preparation for our Athena Swan Silver Award. But we also because we're a research institution, we wanted to research what was going on in these events. So we invited Professor Alison little John to come and evaluate what was going on in an editing event. And whether there was genuine authentic learning going on that wasn't just a gimmick or that there was conversations and learning happening in these events related to copyright neutral point of view, what is a reliable source academic referencing and how information gets online, open access, all of the things that we want our students and staff to be cognizant of. And another what we found as well was there was the motivating factor that learning becomes personal and triggers forms of agency. And there's a number of papers that Alison's written over the years about that editing event as a disruptive way of working in teaching and learning that is impactful. So that helped legitimate my position as a sort of started off as a one year part time role two and a half days a week. So important we thought it was going to support our institutional commitments to open knowledge information literacy, developing digital skills among our graduates and supporting a quality diversity and inclusion in improving representation online. So we see it as a multiple return on investment, and my role is to position alongside other learning technologists, academic support librarians and web developer teams. My role is essentially to raise awareness of Wikipedia and its sister projects, and to design and deliver digital skills events to get colleagues in the room to discuss and learn about how to benefit from and contribute to these free and open open knowledge resources. So I go as a sort of traveling salesman and Avon lady around the university initially, and he's working with colleagues at places like our Center for regenerative medicine where they wanted to create more information about stem cells. But essentially what we we found was in getting people into the room we created a lot of open knowledge nodes. And once we planted the seed of an idea. More colleagues were brought in. They came back with ideas about how to work with Wikipedia in their own context, and it kept developing all through the years and brought in more open knowledge nodes more people committed to understanding about Wikipedia and how it could be used in learning and research. There we go. So over the years we've worked with about between 10 and 20 different course programs but these are the main ones we work with reasonably consistently reproductive biology has been run since 2015 every year. We've been asked creating new pages about reproductive medicine world Christianity, do a literature review assignment over 12 weeks translation studies 2000 word translations of featured articles every semester, public health digital sociology design Korean studies they created a great page on comfort women in the arts recently and global health challenges do a group online task, improving stub articles on natural and man made disasters by 1000 words. So what teaching fun. And we've decided to sort of evidence what we do. And we've created a booklet in 2020 of case studies of how Wikipedia is being used in UK education, so that other educators can see. We're not just sort of like doing work in isolation anymore we're showcasing how anyone can do this work. So we've got five case studies from University of Edinburgh in there but also case studies from Imperial College London sterling Sheffield Swansea and more. We've got a short link on our, well open dot eds dot act UK wikimedia in education on our open ed site. It's also in Commons, and we're writing new case studies to include so there's 14 in there currently, but I'm adding about another six, and hoping to get a new digital booklet launched next year. I'm going to include mention of our Scotland slavery and black history project and more recent assignments in looking at improving Islamic art and science on Wikipedia. The Scotland slave in black history was a, an extracurricular project we ran with students of the history society to examine Scotland's legacy in terms of the Atlantic slave trade and writing new pages with about a positive examination of black history, creating new pages about the USEU in Glasgow and more. And here is a Philadelphia born African American intellectual at the University from 1858 to 1860. Yep, so that's the global health challenges assignment. I'm really happy with that we presented on this project in an extended session. Because we've been working with them for the last three years, and they, they really see the benefit of getting online students to really collaborate and think about their learning in a group task. So it took about four or five weeks to improve these short stub articles about such topics as the SAM floods. Professor Debbie Sridhar is very well known at the University who is being an expert in COVID, and she advises of the Scottish government but she also sort of sees the benefit of getting public knowledge out there about public health topics. Debbie gets her master's students to contribute about 180 to 200 words from recent review literature on such topics as obesity and anything you come to think of that's really important in public health matters. Like I say, enriching Wikipedia content is a pathway to improve health literacy, and the course leaders on reproductive biology have changed over the years but they all see the value in getting their science students their medical students their students all in the same room collaborating with a postgraduate tutor and putting learning about good quality digital research in the field of medicine and how to communicate their subject to a lay audience. And they see that one of the main benefits of working with Wikipedia in this early semester workshop that we do in every September. But we also work with wiki data because we are charged by the Scottish government to create a new data literate workforce to support Scotland's growing digital economy, and we know that data is the new bacon. So wiki data is a big part of supporting growing that data literate workforce and getting the 10,000 data literate students that we want over the next 10 years. And in the design informatics course they hold a data fair every October, where they get problem holders who have data sets, like from the Scottish government or national records of Scotland or the National Library of Scotland, or from different parts of the university to pitch in three minutes, a data problem and a data challenge to master students on the design informatics course. So they work in groups of three to take this data challenge and this real world data set and do something creative and visualize the data in an interesting and stimulating way of the course of five, six weeks. And one of the projects we sort of have consistently worked with is the university's survey of Scottish witchcraft database, which was stored in a Microsoft access database way back in 2003, and was left relatively static and well respected but not well used. And, like I say, teaching data science is really important to use real world data sets so we charged our students to think creatively about what could we do if we took the very textual information stored in rows and rows and columns and columns of access database and took that and put it into wiki data and visualized it as linked open data, particularly if we could plot them on a map, if we could take 800 place names and geolocate them on a map. Again, we wanted to surface what we did and give students opportunities particularly during lockdown when there was a bit of a hiring freeze at the university. So during lockdown we hired Hannah Rothman to create a website for us to pull all the how to resources of engaging with wiki data and Wikipedia all into one place. We created this website tiny url.com forward slash wiki dash uo e pulling all the best resources that we could find out there about teaching Wikipedia teaching wiki data, but also creating short and hopefully polished. We created one to two minute or one to three minute videos about how to add a citation how to add an image and open licensing them to embed them on a website to embed them in YouTube, but allow other educators to make use of them if they want to run online or in person workshops. Internships are a great way of students to learn and get employed and get experience. So we've held a number of internships over the years. Emma was our first there in the sort of yellow cardigan. And she was a geography student that we asked to hunt down all the place names in the survey of Scottish witchcraft database and geolocate them on a map. And then we had Laura as our women in red intern. And then Hannah created our website that she's in the bottom right. And resort those 20 resources working from home at her parents house in lockdown she did an enormous power of work and one an open education global award for her work. And then we expanded that the following year with Erin, writing about resources about how to engage with wiki source and wiki media Commons and clear to make the wiki data resources much more evident and how to support equality diversity and inclusion through the wiki media projects. And then we've also had student experience grant projects where Sean Eleanor Kirstie worked over 12 weeks one day a week to improve LGBT history black history and gender history and had a big end of project event where they got other people to to crowd crowdsource the work that they prepped. But we've had two new interns last summer Maggie and Joseph to improve our map of witches website because lots of people are engaging it and we wanted to make sure it was fit for purpose and add more data from the survey of Scottish witchcraft. And I now need a new intern to make sure that that data is robust and does what it's expected, when you hit the results you you get what you want. So, because we've added so much data now and I now need to sort of make sure it's quality assured. And there's Maggie presenting at an event at the Edinburgh Book Festival. There was a new book called hex by Jenny Fagan about an accused witch Gillis Duncan. And we were, we've been invited to do a presentation at next year's Edinburgh Book Fest to again talk about this map of witches work that we've done. The Edinburgh Ward is something we're really excited about and it's a way into our second year. And what this does is this this credits students for doing 50 to 80 hours extracurricular work that will help them develop with a personal professional and academic graduate contribution competencies that we want their university experience to help them view because we know that a degree is often not enough, and that we know that students are doing often doing a lot outside of the university, a lot outside of their studies to develop themselves. So we want to accredit them for doing that work. So we have a digital skills award that's called digital volunteering with Wikipedia. It runs from October to end of March and the students pick a topic on Wikipedia. They want to research that they can deliver a demonstrable and significant improvement and impact on and they pick three graduate skills that they want to develop over that time. Whether it's critical thinking or problem solving or confidence and assertiveness. They pick three skills that they're going to evidence that they are going to focus on as part of the award, but they're also going to deliver a significant demonstrable improvement to Wikipedia. And these are some of the topics they were interested to write about climate change, LGBTQ plus history, female artists, South Korea COVID-19 stem mental health, contemporary artists, African diaspora and more. We've got videos of the students and staff talking about their experience working with Wikipedia and it is largely, I would say, all positive. But if you want to find out more you can email me. And these are just some documents about some of the work that's been done on the, the Emperor Ward like Helen Chadwick, who was seen as a young British artist teacher only, but we made sure that her artworks and her artistry were were added to Wikipedia as part of the award. Anyway, those, I can show you the video of student staff responses but I'm conscious that I might have talked too long. But I will stop at that point. I think you're spot on you and I think you actually got one or two minutes to go but I think people's internet might fall over if we tried to play a video at this point. If you have links, that would be fantastic. We would, I'm sure people would love to watch the video and see some of what you're talking about in action. But thank you. That was absolutely amazing. I'm really interested in the digital volunteering component that sounds amazing, quite incredible. I'll open it up to people who might have questions and I'm aware we're literally just about at the end of our meeting. But if people want to stay on and hopefully you and you don't mind staying just for a few moments more to answer some questions. Yeah, I'll open it up to everyone who would like to ask you in a question. Sure you and what resistance did you find at the start of the Wikipedia residents program from particularly from faculty. I mean, obviously there's the usual ones are Wikipedia is terrible you can't trust it, but were there more other nuanced objections or suspicions of the program. If you're talking about 13,000 staff, there's there's enough staff that get that in that you. We, there was a lecturer in theology Alex Chow who was a long time he was a developer in his previous life, and he edited Wikipedia and he was very excited to try it out. So he approached me translation studies. I approached them and said, you know, we've got this content translation tool. Can can we do some work together and they were, they were looking at different ways of improving on their course content anyway, and swapping out components that weren't really working for them in terms of the learning outcomes. Yeah, you're right there are those and they are still sort of skeptical and other have preconceived ideas so, but what we did was we tried to run events when they could attend. When they might be happy to attend during like a semester break or evening or lunchtime sessions, or running like presentations during forums that were already happening at the university, and just piggybacking on them. We just had the conversation and stimulated ideas and challenged some of those preconceptions and we planted the seeds of, and they came back to us like I say the this idea of open knowledge nodes was sort of created over time supportive and yeah challenging those assumptions was important and getting people in the room to have that conversation was important. So that that worked, but the one thing that came out to me is that one lecturer in the School of Business felt that why would I want to contribute to Wikipedia when it is essentially misogynist. And felt that it was. They'd sort of seen the sort of news articles that Wikipedia had a largely sort of male sort of tech background sort of in terms of its editorship and didn't have enough biographies of women and they felt it was a toxic culture. And that sort of that stimulated quite a wide debate, because they hit reply all to the whole college. And they also said that I don't have time to contribute, because I'm a single parent. I think that started a debate about whether male single parents or female single parents would have more more time at the university so there were. There were some interesting times but the upshot was that I was told no more college wide emails, I was sort of like held accountable for the fact that someone else had hit reply all time and started this sort of gender, who has more to do a female academic or a male academic. Basically that's what happened. But yeah, communication at the university has been challenging, because it's such a big university and getting, but yeah, we've developed ways of sort of not having that problem and challenging people that have, you know, you have to be. You have to be in the in Wikipedia to help change any cultural problems in that way. The absence is not the answer. A follow up question we in New Zealand we have a couple of lecturers that are setting Wikipedia assignments to students in class. Big problems with those they tend to be ghastly the lecturers do not actually edit Wikipedia or understand themselves so the students are drafting things in Microsoft Word and uploading them to Wikipedia the day before the assignments do, after which they never edit again. How would you tackle those sorts of problems with the course mean what would you do to change that culture. It's interesting because there was a lecture that when I first started, and I was like oh you've done a Wikipedia assignment, and she said yeah but it was a disaster. And I would never do it again. My my my thinking is that you have to set it up to succeed. And also you have to do a bit of wiki Elf work at the end as well. There's sort of bookending that I do so like I make sure that I'm trying to let the lecturer know what they, they have particular learning outcomes they want to achieve. And if they can explain it to me. I can say what would work well in a sort of wikipedia context, and sort of, but I don't know if you can unpick something that's been badly set up for if you come in late. So I recommend just going in and just having making sure sitting down and sort of developing the assignment between the two of you. Do the lecturers themselves have to have Wikipedia editing experience to be able to assess how well the students have met the task. I don't think so. I think that they can, I think they can assess it from a pure sort of academic point of view as well but they sometimes lean on me to sort of see what kind of mechanisms do you have in the wikipedia media universe to help me assess that so we use the dashboard there to sort of like show them the authorship highlighting tool word count and number of citations added helps them quantify the edits and they, they do sort of like to assess if certain group members have contributed more than others but I think we can, we sort of pair it sort of the work of the dashboard with like a rubric or a sort of peer review task so where the group members can assess each other as well and assess how the group performed. And so we would, we like a reflective component that that is done outside of wikipedia. Have you had any assistance from wiki education in the States because I know they normally only work with us in Canada I think any of their resources been useful. I mean, there's, I haven't had much consistent interaction with wiki education because they tend to sort of like just focus on their, the American context, but they, they, they do have some resources PDFs that I've made use of over the years, and sort of like their booklet on case studies was what I used as a sort of blueprint for creating the our own booklet of UK case studies. So yeah, you know, cherry pick in what you can find so I've tried to put everything that I use on our website. Cheers. Anyone else have any questions for you. Yeah, I was wondering about. If you've heard, I think you have had success in using wiki source in a teaching environment. Has that gone well, like it seems a less controversial way to get people involved. No, no, I wouldn't say wikis. Well, we've worked with students to improve resources on wiki source to try and like lessen the barriers for engagement it's still. We've had more luck with wiki source in terms of our collections. And the National Library of Scotland's collections like Gavin will show at the National Library of Scotland did a project. During lockdown where he could he was a digitization manager of National Library of Scotland we couldn't get the staff into the building to do the digitizing because everyone was at home social distancing. So instead he just said like we've got these 3000 Scottish chapter books. He just teach you and work with the wiki source community, get and get the 60 digitization staffed all working from home on wiki source to digitize these books. And fortunately we've poached him back from the national National Library of Scotland, because he used to be at the University of Edinburgh library anyway so he's, he's our go to man for wiki source work now. At the, the library and collections and we're hoping to do more projects together. It's just making, he doesn't often get a lot of time to do it. So there's not a consistent approach with wiki source. I think I would be interested if there were courses we could work with that would be interested in that. Yeah, that's fine I think we're over time anyway so thanks Kelly. But yeah, I'm happy to sort of engage with in like let people sort of pick the project they would like to work with in sort of like just explore through conversation how it might work in an academic context. It's more library and collections work with wiki source. But yeah, I'm still trying to improve the resources to make it nice and easy to sort of engage with we've got some new video resources about that you've also developed as well Sam, like we've made use of. We might have time for just one more quick question if anyone has a quick if it's possible to have a quick question. This is also interesting. No, we're all we're all done. Great. Well, thank you so much you and I've got huge amounts of information from that it's really, really interesting. I think some of us might be going to send you a few emails and keep in touch. Yeah, that would be great. We're certainly looking here in Australia at our training but no Amanda and I and have just recently had some conversations with Fiona Romeo as well around, you know, what can we do with universities and what can we do with, you know, getting students more active in this space and getting getting lecturers on site and getting faculty on site so it's been really interesting hearing what you're doing and some of the, you know, leaps ahead that you're making in this area it's been, you know, hard work over many years but it certainly seems to be achieving some fantastic outcomes for the university and for wiki media as well so. Yeah, I think there's a there's a fertile space but you know, the pace of change in academic context is quite slow and and can be quite fast in certain respects but if you're talking about curriculum transformation and in drip feeding ideas, it sort of does take a little while for things to germinate it but I would say there is a sort of fertile space in terms of student collaboration and the kind of graduate competencies they want we want to inspire. And they do a lot of the lecturers do like the fact that wiki media allows postgraduate students to work with undergraduate students and that sort of cross level. Opportunity is exciting and there aren't always that many mechanisms to allow that to happen. It's very sort of linear flat sort of like they all work at the same age level and the same year level, a lot of the time, but yeah, the Edinburgh award allows us to do a little bit more of that. Yeah, that's great. And I think as well thinking about all these students graduating and going out into institutions and carrying on you know this hopefully this passion for open access information open link data. You know, you're going to start to see more requests coming through from institutions as well which, you know, which these graduates will be taking it with them into practice in the workplace which is, you know, we'll get there. Yeah, yeah, it does it does. I would say that the students that we have engaged with are still positive and that would they come back years afterwards and say like they still enjoyed it and it was one of the best things they did. During their time at the university and we do have a PhD researcher Eleanor Capaldi who worked with us on a student experience grant earlier this year on LGBT history. She's now finishing her PhD over the University of Glasgow and looking at she's running a workshop tomorrow, no, Friday at the University of Glasgow about how images and artworks can be transformed and sort of used from Wikipedia and to help promote LGBT history. So she's she's continuing to sort of like look at how Wikimedia can sort of be better represented online. Amazing, really exciting stuff happening. It's great to hear about so really want to thank you for hopefully not getting up too early. But we appreciate you your time. It's really fantastic for us in our community over here to hear about it. Yep. No, I was just going to say it's like I'm half Australian myself so like it's nice to serve into to support the Australian community like and give give something a bit back my mom's a bridge from Brizzy. Wow, fantastic. Yeah. And not forgetting our New Zealand Cousins of it might Michael. Of course. Give us a wave. But yeah, thank you. That's great. That's really good. Good to know you've got a connection here. So yeah, fantastic. Okay, so thank you. Thank you everyone for joining us tonight. I'm sorry we've had a few tech issues and a few adjustments. So our next meeting will be held in January. We haven't quite finalised all the presentations for that yet. So if you have something, please feel free to get in touch. James and I'll probably be casting around looking for interesting speakers or interesting projects to present on. Thank you everyone for your time tonight. It opened for a little while if people want to hang around for just some casual chat. But for those of you that need to head off, thank you. And we'll see you again soon.


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebrakes.com here doing 2020 panini obsidian football four box break random team number two second second break from this case Waze works giving away early bird spot 32 spots all-card ship by one of the first 16 spots in this break get entered to win the free spot some details about the Break itself. We just saw one break really nice stuff and we're still looking for this case hit of the color blast and one contra so Here is the List of customers from Dylan Hussie down to last spot Mar mojo Paul Townsend Remember the early bird spot is first 16 so We have that here we're gonna copy that list and Paste it into this randomizer here so from Dylan back up to Dylan and dice roll name on top after a Four and a six ten times gets that early bird spot. Good luck 10th and final time Gabe plunk it or plunker. Congrats. You got yourself that early bird spot ten times Ten times so Gabe, let's take your name and post it into this early bird spot here copy this list Into a new randomizer to give away the teams So now you've got your early bird spot back up to Dylan Hussie in the first spot purchased Here's a randomizer for the teams Washington up to Arizona and a new dice roll for these two three to six nine times ninth and final time from Gail Abloh down to Eric Ainge nine times on the teams Pony I have to go through orders check the schedule You'll see I've got a time set to go through orders to figure out the rest of the schedule for the day Carolina Panthers down to Titans So let's make this a little bit larger so everybody can see Figure out who got who Gail Abloh with the Panthers Max Norton with the bills gave plunker with the Rams Paul Townsend last spot moja with the 49ers Joshua Helmgren with the chiefs Tom judge with the Bengals Congrats and the Bears Kevin Miyakawa with the Cardinals Derek Greist with the Colts Sean Maddock.  Titans Raiders Yeah, so while you guys are talking about potential trades thinking about it. You got to figure out which boxes we're gonna do One two three for the box on left four five six of the box on the right on the dice. Good luck Went over two fours in a row now So we're going with boxes on the right These will be for random team three Which is already sold out. I believe just need to be added to the schedule a little bit later on So last call on trades doesn't look like anybody's talking about any trades So we're good to print and rip trade window closed. It's still got two case hits in there We didn't hit the Aurora in the first one. I believe we definitely didn't hit the color black most I would have We've really seen that so last spot mojo Paul Townsend with the 49ers. I know Oliver. I know Hopefully it's off it's it's early and often That's what we're hoping for today early and often the name of the game Oh Hi Ryan it has been a long time right like 12 hours ish Maybe a little bit more We should do this every day Thank you Antonio Gandy Golden Rookie green for Washington and Dustin Hussie five out of 50 You know girlfriend just doesn't won't agree with the whole only I think these are great white KJ Hamler Broncos Brian Magnus. She just won't go with the whole me only tie-dye clothes.  He definitely did well Say Juan Barclay. I'm still gonna have to figure out something. I think we're we're gonna ship it to you I'm pretty sure Ryan For the Giants Christopher freeze on that the Detmers Maybe we can work something out for some of my pedilons of Relic Josh Allen cutting edge That gold That is pretty cool. It looks like it has like a shadow box. Look to it Buffalo Bills Max Norton 14 out of 25 on that Lynn Bowden, Jr. For the Miami Dolphins and Gabe Plunkert I think this is first product that he's a dolphin in 29 out of 50 You gave pretty dynamic player You know Jack, I did actually see that the redemption, right? I might I'd be interested Kenyan Drake Jersey and Otto Matrix Otto Arizona Cardinals Kevin Miyakawa 38 out of 50 Mojo, he's solid man. That guy is super dynamic dual relic auto CD lamb Dallas Cowboys Pasquale Pascarella 90 out of 150 just a couple off the jersey number there Nice CD. I feel like his auto is pretty inconsistent There's some times where like you can clearly see it's a big C and then like a kind of a looping D And other times it just doesn't really Look that way What is consistent trade any Phillies for? Okay. Yeah, Jack. I'll take a look Marquise Brown Baltimore Ravens David Yonker 35 out of 50 Daryl Taylor for the Seattle Seahawks Paul Townsend 46 out of 75 Henry rugs For the Raiders Eric Ainge Eruption relic Levisca Chantal, Jr. Trying to be a peek of a little second color down there Jacksonville Jaguars Brian Magnus 46 out of 50 Nice two-color relic eruption Jordan Love For the Green Bay Packers and Brian Crouch four out of 50 on that one for you Brian and first auto LaMichele P. Ryan New York Jets Matt Arnold coming off their first win of the year 78 out of 150 there he is Pat and Van Jefferson Jersey and auto For the Rams and Gabe Plunkert 93 out of 99 Two more boxes to go. It's slipped. It's enclosure KJ Hill for the Chargers and Sean Mattick 34 out of 75 Tommy Stevens love the white Love the look of that the white jersey again Going to the Saints Lonnie Smith Terry Bradshaw Steelers Christopher Freese Atomic relic Jordy Nelson Packers Brian Crouch 26 out of 40 Yider gross mottos rookie auto Carolina Panthers Gail Abelo 52 out of 75 and Tommy Stevens New Orleans Saints rookie auto Lonnie Smith 95 out of 150 And Another good rookie quarterback Jalen Hertz Philadelphia Eagle dual relic and auto Megan couple 75 out of 150 hot case guys very hot case We've got a redemption on the back DeAndre Hopkins for the Cardinals Kevin Miakawa 58 out of 75 Gardner Minshew Jacksonville Jaguars Brian Magnus 86 out of 100 Ryan Tannehill for the Tennessee Titans and Eric Ainge Tri-Fecta cam acres some nice colors in there Rams Gabe Plunker 46 out of 50 double the jersey number eBay 101 another tri-Fecta relic even more color Jerry Judy Denver Broncos Brian Magnus, this is green numbered out of 34 out of 50 Anthony McFarland, Jr. For the Steelers and Christopher Freese 28 out of 75 on that for you and Last hit of the break is our redemption. We've got rookie Jersey, Inc. Electric etch orange This looks like it's orange if it is it's numbered out of 75 potentially Maybe somebody can look up the print run on that card number two Is it based off of? draft number C H A S E Y O U N G chase young Go into Washington and Dustin Hussie There you go Very nice nice another Four boxes For us random team two last four boxes are already sold out They will be added to the break schedule and we're still waiting for that case hit the color blasts. So that was 2020 Panini obsidian footballs four box break random team number two from jaspys case breaks calm I'm Sean jaspys case breaks calm. Thanks for hanging out. We'll see you next time


I think it's only gonna get darker and horrible. My opinion has changed a bit. For our first episode of Wrapped Up, how are we feeling? Apprehensive, nervous, bit scared, also weirdly calm, perhaps on the verge of hysteria. So if you haven't seen the announcement video, I will link it here. Basically all you need to know is that we're doing Wrapped Up again and this year it's even riskier because we've got 25 of the books I'm most excited to read and 25 of the books I'm least excited to read off my TBR. So great, extra risk. Well done Megan. But I'm excited, I love Wrapped Up, I love the feeling of unwrapping books. It's a great joy in my life but it's time to pick our first book. Now I'm hoping that we're gonna beat the odds and like all four books I read for Wrapped Up in December are gonna be ones I'm most excited to read but honestly who knows? Like who knows anything can happen. So I have to make my choice. And I'm very scared. I don't know what to pick. I feel like I'm feeling the gold today. I really like the little, is it nutcrackers? These men, I don't know. Absolutely not. Okay, okay, okay, okay. I'm just gonna go for a gold one. Oh my God. This one was like sticking out so it got my attention. Okay. Right, let me try and unwrap it so you can see. This is our first book for Wrapped Up 2022. It has to give us good vibes. Wrapped Up Risk 2022. Is it gonna be a winner or a loser? Oh, I can't tell what that is yet. This is the book by Erica Waters. I recently got this and I just know it's about a serial killer who's now dead, true crime podcast. It's pitched as Sadie meets Wilder Girls which are two five stars me. I've never read anything by Erica Waters but I'm super excited to read this. And I just like, actually this can be like a quick good read to get us into good vibes. I'm feeling so good about this. I'm feeling amazing in fact, about. Success. That will be our first book. Are we all excited? That's what we're reading in this vlog. Okay Megan, let's go do it.   I'm so excited. Okay, we've got to win. We're one, one, Megan won, wrapped up risk nail. We're winning. Whoa, can I have a kiss? You're the best boy. I'm trying to read. Oh, it's my hair. He likes to bite my hair. Okay, okay. I'm gonna sleep there. Good idea. Morning. I have gotten 100 pages into the rest of the stock but before we chat about this, I wanna say a big thank you to the sponsor for today's video, which is Serious Readers. I love my Serious Light so much. I've spoken about them quite a bit lately, but if you don't know, Serious Readers make reading lights and I genuinely use mine every single night if I'm reading. I generally use it every day. I love it so much. It's completely revolutionized my reading. I've been trying to get family, friends to get it. I've been recommending it to other booktubers when I see them. This is my Serious Light as you can see. Whoa, it's adjustable and it helps you read. It has special daylight wavelength technology that replicates the sun's rays. So it feels really natural in the eye. I think other reading lights can feel like a bit of a glare, but this feels so natural in the eye. I've described it before as like a breath of fresh air for the eyes. It just makes me feel more alert, more awake, makes it easier to focus in the evening when I'm reading. It's getting dark so quick now. Like I feel like it's just dark all the time. So I'm just using it all the time. I genuinely didn't expect it to kind of change my reading so much. But I just find it really helps me read more, helps me stay focused, it illuminates the page, it gives me less eye strain. I love it so much. And I have a code for you guys, which is MEG22, which if you use it, you get free international shipping. They can ship any in the world. They can make any kind of plug that you need because they make all the lights themselves here in the UK. So you can make any plug that you need and get free international shipping. And if you use my code and buy any of the lights in the Serious Lights range, you will get a free compact light worth 150 pounds. It's a crazy deal. I would really recommend you guys go check them out. I am being genuine when I said I recommend this to everyone. I use it every night. I love it so much. It's genuinely, I love it so much. I have the high definition light in case you're wondering. And yeah, I mean, it has like a dimmer so you can have different brightness levels. And it's like a part of my life now that I can't imagine reading without. So go check them out down below. I 100% recommend them and make sure you use my code for free international shipping and a free compact light. Amazing. Okay, let's talk about the rest of this dark. So I'm 100 pages into it. Just realized my jumper is inside out when filming these clips. So MG, please ignore so embarrassing. And basically the plot of this is that we open following Lucy who was almost the final victim of this serial killer called the Cloud Kiss Killer. There's this event being held kind of at the woods or nature place. Oh, hang on, I got a bit crooked, I think. The nature place where she was almost his final victim. And what happened was she was being chased by him and the police found them. And rather than going to the police, he jumped into the canyon that they were around. And there's now an event being held by a true crime podcast with like 50 guests who are all trying to find his bones. It's very strange, okay? So. Hmm, funny. Yes, but not funny, ha ha. Funny, weird. We have Lucy's perspective. We also meet Carolina who is kind of like a true crime obsessed girlie who has something going on in her past. She has definitely some issues with rage and anger. And then we have Maggie who's a psychology student there to kind of like look at these people and figure out what kind of people they are, essentially. So what I think this book is doing well so far, I feel like I was kind of a convoluted plot to describe to you guys. Is that I feel like it's simultaneously critiquing true crime podcast in a good way. I feel like it's like beyond surface level critique. I've happened to have read, I've got stuff in my eye. I think it's Miko hair. Oh my God. Ew. Does anyone else who have cats just have cat hair just like floating in the air sometime? I think I've got his hair in my eye. Yep, okay. Oh my God, that is horrible. I happened to have read a lot of stuff like looking at the true crime genre in the past couple of days, which you'll see soon. And I just, I feel like that critiques of it were okay but kind of surface level. So I feel like this, it's simultaneously critiquing the genre, even like true crime podcast who espouse to be like for the victims and for whatever, like can it ever be truly moral and ethical? Whilst also being understanding as to why some people may be drawn to the subject and why it may be like not a good thing, but like why humans are drawn to true crime? Why humans are like innately interested in it? And I think it's doing a good job of both of those kind of views. You know, we have a character who was almost a serial killer's victim. And yet we have other characters who are kind of like interested in this and like interested in the world of true crime. I don't know, I think it's just interesting to have both those two views like equally looked at. There's characters like characters who are like beyond obsessed like in a weird way. There's also some characters who are just interested in true crime. And how that's not necessarily a bad thing. I think it's just very interesting. And it's gonna be sapphic, I already know, and I'm into it. I'm into it. And it's for God and for the gays. I think it's only gonna get darker and horrible. And I'm just, I'm excited. I'm really excited for it. I've been struggling with some YA lately. I don't know if I've ever really read a YA horror that I've loved. And I just thought this could be it. So yeah, anyways, tonight I'm going to Christmas market and we're setting off those Christmas vibes. I'm very excited.  But yeah, I'll read some more of this today and I'll check in maybe tomorrow with some more thoughts. So, do I look any different? I got my hair done since I last saw you. I just got my roots done and I got it toned a little bit more warm for like the, you know, winter time. I'm feeling my own, let me feel my own. I love it. Also if I look weird, I've got like a different kind of eye makeup on today. I don't know if I vibe. Usually I do like the same kind of style of eye makeup with different colors every day. And I'm just like, I'm not sure how I'm feeling about it. But anyways, new hair. And the Christmas market was so cute. I got perfidges, which is all I care about. But anyways, I'm up to page about 250 in the rest of stuck. And I gotta be honest, my opinion has changed a bit. Okay, I'm sorry. I'm so sorry. I just don't know how I'm feeling about this. I don't know. I just feel like in the section that I've read since I last spoke to you, the characters have not had any development at all. At all. Like they haven't changed. They haven't grown. They're just these same characters. And I feel like I'm not believing them as real people. Obviously it's the three of them, right? And they all kind of fancy each other. But something I think it is doing a good job of showing the tension that often arrives from a group of three girls being friends, whether you fancy each other or not. Go say that weird girls. You know, three's a crowd. Some of my worst friendship moments were from when I was in a three. Cause you always feel like the one who isn't important. And you always wanna feel like the one who is important, which leads to you making someone else feel like the one who's not important. It's horrible. Don't be in a group of three friends. But like there's one of them that the other two keep like talking down to and keep being like really mean and just like shutting down all her ideas. And I'm like, girls, let's be nice. I don't know. And I feel like a lot of the dialogue just feels so stilted to me. It just doesn't, sometimes I have this problem and I just don't like, just the way they're talking just feels cheesy. I'm sorry. Okay. What do you want me to say? It feels cheesy. I feel like not much has happened, right? I like a book that feels, it doesn't matter how long it is, but feels like we're pacing it while, you know, like everything that happens has to happen. And like, this is a 400 page book. It does not need to be a 400 page book. We could have cut it down to 300 very easily. I'm just kind of bored. Okay. I would like to defend myself, but sadly that's the truth. I think I'm gonna listen to the rest about the audiobook because I'm liking the audio book a bit more. But at the moment it's for them like a three. I'm gonna be honest. I'm gonna be honest. Don't yell at me. I'm sad about it. I thought I won with getting one of the books I was most excited for. And then I've been betrayed. But then I guess that's part of our top risk, right? You could even be betrayed by the ones you think you're most excited for. One's I'm least excited for could be a five star. Who knows? It definitely is reminding me of Wilder Girls though. If you read Wilder Girls and there's that kind of weird tension between the girls and like the way that they treat each other in the three, it definitely is reminding me of that. But I just, yeah, I don't love it. I don't know what to say. Everything that I said that's good about it in the first second still stands, but I just haven't found much else that's good about it. And I've found stuff that isn't good about it. You know, I'll finish it today though.  I'm giving it two stars. This is what trauma looks like. Two stars, two stars, two stars.   It actually has made me angry. Did he? The fact that this is pitched as Sadie meets Wilder Girls. Mm-mm, mm-mm. I had such high hopes. This is criminal. No, not wrapped up being like, you can have one of the ones you're most satisfied to read, but it's gonna be a two. One thing about them tables, they turn. Okay, right, let's talk about the ending. Obviously I can't spoil it for you.   And like, what it says, because obviously one of my main characters is there because she was almost the final victim of this serial killer. And the whole book is kind of unpacking like, society's obsession with serial killers and true crime and what have you.  Like the repercussions for all of that? Mm-mm, it's not it, chief. You think you did something, but you didn't. It's not it, it's not it. And yeah, I just hated the writing of this, right? The first 100 pages, I was like, okay, I'm willing to forgive. The first 100 pages of the book, I feel like I can look past writing. Oh my God, Mika was getting mad at me for being loud. Let's keep it down, keep it down. You know, the first 100 pages of the book, I'm willing to forgive, like the writing not being the best because you think, oh, we're just getting to it or whatever. Ooh, the writing, mm, not for me. Ooh, not for me, really not for me. And I just like these three main characters that we have, these girlies, like they are all written to like times 1,000. Like she's like, okay, this one's blasé, doesn't care about anything. This one's overprotective. This one's scared, whatever, you know? It's like times 100.  They are caricatures. They are not real characters I can get invested in and care about. The last like, I don't even know, 60 pages, 80 pages. I was listening to a book on three times speed whilst I played 2048 on my phone, which I am in like the top 6% in the world, and let it be known. Maybe even better, am I in the top four? Hang on. Let's clarify that. Let me not undersell myself. What percentage of the world am I? Top three, bitches. I know this is an old game. I just like playing it while I listen to audiobooks sometimes, and especially when I'm struggling to get through a book. I'm just like, Jesus, take the wheel. Let me play some 2048. So yeah, wouldn't recommend it. And I'm very sad. And I have, there's another book wrapped up by Erica Waters, which is Ghostwood song, which was only on the, that's in the not anticipated list, but it's only on there, because I kind of forgot it was about. One of my patrons loves it and gifted it to me. I'm still like, here's the thing. When I say, oh, the 25 I'm least excited to read. Like I'm obviously still excited to read these books because I haven't unhauled them. Like for example, there's one on there, Concrete Rose Byron Thomas. I've given energy Thomas five stars whenever I've read from her, but it's on there because I read the first chapter once ages ago and I didn't like it. So that's why it's on there. So each of those books on there have their own qualifying factors as to why they're on there. Do you know what I mean? It's not as simple as like, oh, I'm not excited to read them. I am excited to read them because I still own them, but like I'm nervous for some reason essentially, which I will say if I unwrap any of them, but we're hoping that we don't. But anyways, that has made me even more nervous to read Ghostwood song because I hated the writing. Oh God, I'm just hoping to forget that I read this book if I'm honest with you. It can go, it can be in the past. So there we have it everyone. That was episode one of Wrapped Up. I hope you enjoyed it. Got you in the Christmas mood about Christmas markets. But yeah, we have a bit of a fail for the first one, but I already know actually today I unwrapped what I'm gonna be reading for number two and I think it's gonna be an interesting one. I'm trying not to give away what I've unwrapped. But yeah, make sure you ring the bell if you wanna miss any episodes of Wrapped Up and all the videos I'm posting in December and posting four videos a week, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Sunday. I've got a really exciting vlog coming this weekend. I've got a lot of videos I think you guys are gonna like for the end of the year. So yeah, make sure you subscribe and what have you liked the video. Thank you guys so much for watching and I'll see you very soon on another one. Bye.


Well gone and drop the TV there's my three things from Well gone and drop the TV there's my three things from Heaven One, Leicester City One. TheTheBlews have got a point in a game that, the 2nd half wasn't up sacrat really. We defended well but we just didn't play any kind of football in that 2nd half at all. Let's begin with Jordan Pickford, I'm not going to go into too much detail on Pickford . I don't wanna dig him out too much y myfyrdd. It's just become a problem. He's being in decent form of like don't get me wrong. But that was a key game tonight and my winning in the game. And he's made two mistakes that have led to their equaliser. The first is a cross that's going nowhere. It's going outside of his post. The fella's not getting in at the far stick, he's nowhere near it. And if Pigford just let that run it to Gold Kick and presses over, we've got a Gold ac mae'r bod yn dweud hwnnw i'r pwysig a mae'n dweud ar-pwysig i'w rhai i'w ddechrau. Ac nid o'n rhaid, mae'n rhaid i'w ddefnyddio'r gweithiad, mae'n dweud ei wneud ei ddweud a mae'n dweud i'w dweud a mae'n dweud o'n dweud, ac mae'n meddwl o'r byd o'n ddaf yn ystod, mae'n adroddau, mae'n hyn o'n gweithio, mae'n dweudio'n dweud o'n dweud. Dwi'n gweithio i gyd, a gael ei wneud y formau rhai o'r leid, ydych chi'n oed yn gwybod, efallai i'w gwneud, na'n urgyflwch Robyn Olsson i'r lluniau a nhw'n gwneud i'w wneud i chi'n gweithio. Rwy'n credu'r lluniau'n rhywbeth, ond mae'n ddigoniau'r cyffredinol, a dwi'n gwneud yn gyfryd. a mae'n rhaid i'n gwybod, yn 67nm, fel y ddyliwch, byddwn yn gwneud unrhyw o hwnnw, o gweithio'r ddechrau 20mol o gyfrindig, dydw i'n cael ei ddweithio'r defnydd. Mae'n ddweud o'n hyfrindig iawn i'n ei bod y cwmaint. Mae'n ddim yn gwneud unrhyw o'r ddathgol, ac mae'n ddweud dwi'n cael ei ddweithio'r ddathgol, ac yn ystod o diodel cyfleio'r bwysig, dwi'n gwybod ei'n ddod i'r gam. ond rwy'n mynd yn ymddangos ei gael'r gulwch. Olson yn ymwneud yn ymwneud yn cael ei gael, mae'n ei gael yn fawr yn y gafod yma. Jordan wedi arbwyntgell ar gyfer gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. Gwch chi'n gwybod i'r pwysig. Yn yw'n mynd i, rydw i'n gallu'n gweithio? Rydw i'n gweithio'n gwybod i'n gwybod i'r gweithio? Mae'n gweithio'n gwybod i'n gweithio'n gwybod i'n gweithio. I don't know. I just think when you see goalies making a mistake like that over the season, you have to ask the question because we were in a great position, 20 odd minutes to go, winning one deal. Second thing I want to talk about is our forward options. Obviously, we have got a couple of players missing, but then our forwards. Dominic Alvarluwyan is just coming back from an injury, doesn't look like he's at his sharpest at the moment. Jalyson isn't flying at the minute, more about him in a minute. And we haven't really got anything off the bench. Alex said, whoa, we come on, we've been in some decent form before he missed a couple of games. He came on as a sub. There's nothing else on the bench who is going to cause anyone any issues. But now we keep hearing he's on his way out. Sieng Togson, likewise. I think he still had a knock tonight, so he wasn't on the bench. We haven't even got him on the bench. So there's no-one who can really come on and change the game. That was a really tough game tonight, but there was no-one we could put on who would stretch them apart from a wobi and no-one we could turn to. We put Dominic Alvarluwyan off, put Jalyson on the front, put Seamus Cullman on, and things like that as an extra attack. It's an area that we barely need to have a look at. We've played 18 games, Saturday's the halfway point for us. Do we look at that now and think, is it worth gambling? I don't know. A lot of people have been getting in touch with us on the channel and asking, saying we need to go and strengthen right now, otherwise we will waste a good opportunity. It's a tough one because you can understand the club wanting to plan long term and for the summer, but within a position where we could speed our development up if we get into Euro, and we're also in a position where if we continue to not have those options, we'll throw points away, which could be crucial at the end of the season. The club have a tough decision to make over the next four or five days, and it's who you get as well, don't forget it. Obviously, we'll link heavily with Joshua Zakesy. I don't know whether he would make much difference. He's very raw. He could come in and get four or five goals and the key goals, but then again he could come in and be like Moise Keane and just not quite settled. I think we need another winger, a fast winger who can come on, but we're a day without going and paying 30, 40 million. It's a tough one for us because a lot of other clubs who are fighting around with us do have a lot of options. We don't really have many options, so with no pace in the team. Finally, I just mentioned it to our listeners, we want to talk about them and my final point. Again, I'm not going to go in on them too much, but he just hasn't got going since the send-in-off in the Derby. We missed a lot of football, we missed a month with that suspension and then he's come back and hasn't quite been able to speed and got injured and been out of the team and come in and got concussion and been out of the team. Tonight, he just, again, he said this on Sunday night, he just wasn't himself. Although he got the goal and I was hoping that I'd given him that little bit of confidence, but at the moment he's just not himself at all. He doesn't look like, he can beat a man at the moment, he doesn't look like he's in the right area to get us a goal. Everything seems forced and it's really frustrating to see and he must be frustrated himself, of course, because he's been a brilliant sign and been absolutely brilliant for everything since we bought him, but he's struggling at the moment and we're struggling as a result of it because we used to him being like a talisman almost and maybe getting the winner in that game and it was tight, but we just couldn't get him into any area and I don't know, there just seems to be the spark missing at the moment, so hopefully that will retain quickly because he is struggling at the moment. There are my three things. Let me know what you think in the comments section below. Make sure you give the video a thumbs up. Subscribe if you haven't and if you want more videos. Join us on page and see you later.