from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE. Covering InterConnect 2017, brought to you by IBM. Okay, welcome back everyone. We're here live in Las Vegas for IBM InterConnect 2017. The CUBE coverage, we're still going to angle media. I'm John Furrier, my co-host, Dave, a lot there. Next guest, Tom Reddy, Senior Vice President with State Street Corporation. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you, thank you. I'm so, State Street, obviously financial powerhouse that you guys have and that we just talked about before we came on about the red slots. Season tickets, you guys own a pavilion there. Love Fenway Park, always great to visit. But seriously, IBM, you've had history with IBM and State Street. What's going on? Why are you here? What's the conversations? Well, we've, as you said, right? We probably go back 30 years in terms of the relationship State Street has with IBM, starting traditional technology, right? So, hardware and software. And evolved to a much more dynamic services relationship about four years ago, right? Where, combined with IBM and Wipro, we've taken advantage of their capabilities, both in application and infrastructure management. And transitioned quite a bit of our services from in-house managed to IBM managed.  Responsibilities I have are around infrastructure management, so which is the primary responsibility IBM has, right? Wipro's on the application side of the house. Okay, so big hybrid cloud discussion, right? So what does that all mean from a practitioner's perspective? Well, I think our challenge, candidly, is we probably have about 1700 applications give or take deployed today within the enterprise, within our enterprise. And predominantly hosted within our own core data centers. And as other financial companies and G-SIFs, right? We're a little, we have been a little reluctant to take advantage of the emerging capability and opportunity that the cloud represents. So we're starting our journey now to entertain IBM's capability in software where we've got an initiative underway to move the predominance of our development infrastructure there. So our developing teams can take advantage of that capability, if you would, speed. So it's a mix of understanding what they've got. It's a mix of understanding how we take advantage of it. It really is a challenge for us to understand as those capabilities evolve, how a company like ours can continue to take advantage of it, not just for development, but for real production work. So obviously you remember Y2K very well. Every CIO went through an application portfolio assessment before that, it was sort of entering a new wave of that assessment, understanding the portfolio, what's cloud ready and not. I think anyone would say it's- It's ongoing. It's one of the chapters in the playbook, right? Kind of application rationalization. I think a challenge that companies like we have are, one of our growth models is through acquisition. So every time we acquire another company, we just acquire two this year, it comes with some additional applications that honestly have to be rationalized back in, right? So that's kind of what we've got, right? And combine that with data placement, as it relates to privacy because we've got an awful lot of data under management. That's another challenge that has to be factored out. So talk about the application developer scene in your world, because if you look back, I mean, we were kind of joking on a previous interview about throwback Thursday and hackathon for a mainframe. There's a lot of workloads that are legacy enterprise that are mission critical. You guys are a great example that probably have, from soup to nuts, from old school to a new school cloud native going on. But the rage right now is enterprise readiness, enterprise grade, enterprise strongest. Ginny Rometti was saying, but the app developers has been around for a while, but what's the new mojo? What's the new vibe? What's the new culture like for developers in a large institution like the State Street? Well, we've been pushing the agile framework and the agile method, right? We undertook that about three years ago. We've got 200 certified teams, right? At State Street that are actually using agile now. And that's across probably six of the eight platforms that we run code on, everything from the mainframe all the way out to open systems, right? The distributed systems. You know, we've got some stagnant platforms like AS 400. We still have a few AS 400 kicking around and some DEX systems still sitting in DEX, right? So some of that isn't necessarily lend itself. Who supports those Vaxes? Yeah. It doesn't necessarily lend itself to multiple deployments, right? We just don't do much in that space, but yeah, I mean, they're energized around... Are they on the agile bandwagon? Obviously, agile's pretty huge now. Yeah, they absolutely are. And honestly, it's been a little bit tough for the infrastructure teams to keep up, right? And so we're not unique in that regard either, right? So one of the approaches that was done a few years ago is we do have our own platforms of service that we developed our own orchestration model going back five years. And the majority of that is supported today by the application teams, right? So application teams using agile-based methods deploying onto that platform as a service so that seems to work for us, right? Where the challenge becomes is for the apps that don't run there, how do we... And as we look to deploy those applications into software, how does that, if you would, seamless deployment work, right? From a software development environment and test environment back into production. And that's what we need to learn. So you've got Blue Mix and your own Paz sort of coming together, right?  And maybe specifically, what does it mean from an infrastructure perspective? Well, I mean, as I said, we've started that journey right now. So we'll have a thousand hosts migrated by the end of the year. That's the current target we've got with full deployment across into the hybrid cloud, probably within a year and a half from now, right? So as we undertake that journey, they're going to have to learn, the development teams are going to have to learn. The underlying service components, infrastructure service components, right? We're probably being a little heavy with that. Now, so that the development and test environments are exactly like the production environments are now. We'll probably pair that back as they understand what they need and don't need. So I challenge on us to speed. That's our current challenge. How quickly can we get things turned up for them? Challenge on them with regard to what they need, right? So, Tom, from a practitioner's perspective, what's the driver for a hybrid cloud? Is there specific use cases? Is it agility? Is it bursting? Help us understand that. Well, for us, it's probably all of that, right? I think that the challenge that any legacy shop like ours has is as you adopt, what's the speed by which you go to the cloud, the hybrid cloud, right? We've got our own centers, right? There's a financial model that needs to be achieved. As we do rationalization and data center consolidation, that feeds it, right? So it ends up going at a rate and pace that isn't necessarily in line with the speed that a new company would potentially take advantage of or that a forced migration would perhaps yield as well, right? So it's a little bit of both. So it's to support that little extra agility, kind of give you a tailwind for that initiative? Well, yeah, it's to enable the application guys clearly. But the ideal benefit on the infrastructure side becomes burst ability, right? And the ability for that capacity to come up quickly, right? And today, we'd struggle with that using traditional infrastructure based models. We are extremely interested in some of the work that IBM's got going on with regard to how some of these clouds actually comply with regulatory requirements, right? We operate in 29 countries and have to satisfy 48 different regulators. So the work that they've got going on with understanding what a regulatory compliant cloud is and which authorities does it satisfy and what are those controls look and feel like? That may actually be something that we could take advantage of fairly quickly. Can we talk about the security discussion a little bit? I mean, most people I think, early on in the cloud days, like, oh, cloud. I think most people would agree that there's a lot of advantages to the cloud from a security standpoint. That said, there's also a lot of specials that a company like yours requires. So it's not necessarily good or bad in the cloud. It's just, does it meet the edicts of our organization? I wonder if you could talk about that a little bit. Yeah, I think we've evolved, our policies have evolved and I think the regulators have become clearer with regard to what it is they want and what they don't want. I think all three of those things have helped. So when we look at the security policies that we have to adhere to, our CISO teams have been working fairly consistently and tightly with the different regulatory entities with regard to what it is we think we need to adhere to. That clarity allows us then to begin to look at the marketplace, understand what capabilities are there and begin to procure and use those, right? So yeah, I think it's come a long way but not only is the capability of the providers come a long way, it's the clarity around the controls and the regulatory. In what role and involvement do you have in security? Are you a sort of recipient of the edict and you have to enforce it? Are you a contributor? Do you have a meeting with the board? Yeah, I think it's a little bit of everything, right? So yeah, we're the recipient of the policies, if you would. And so therefore I have to be compliant with them. We participate in how those policies are set, right? So there's a process within our firm where we sit down, talk about emerging threats, talk about what policies perhaps should be implemented and then agree upon what those policies are and the timeframe for adoption, so we have that. And then the team, my team, for the controls it's responsible for have to stand up to regulatory oversight, right? So the term we use is first line of defense, right? So we're the control owners and our controls have to satisfy our own policies and external regulators. You know, one of the things I want to drill into brings out how hard it is with the cloud and in IT in general these days, and you know, Dave's in Massachusetts, I'm in Silicon Valley in Palo Alto, in Silicon Valley it's like, oh yeah, new toy, you know, shiny new, so let's go fast and loose. In fact, Mark Zuckerberg once said, move fast, break stuff. Now they've gone to move fast, be secure. So your world doesn't really, I mean you want to go fast and loose to get innovation, but you have to also manage really, really heavy requirements around the compliance and other security things. So you've got a balance set, so that's a very tricky thing. So can you share some insight into what it takes to do that, because you want to have DevOps, development and operations being faster and more nimble with Agile, at the same time you want to keep the pace of innovation and not be in the stone age. So what's the trick, what's the secret, what have you learned, share some anecdotal data, real data. You know, we started out, when we first looked at hosting offerings and opportunities five years ago, we didn't really think for a combination of capability that was available generally in the marketplace and the controls, we thought we needed around that. We didn't think they were where they needed to be, so we developed our own, right? So that's the far end of the spectrum where a firm like ours actually spent money and time to deploy orchestration for platforms of service. So we started there, you know, we've, yeah, if we think of the continuum of that journey, we're to the point now where we're considering using hosting companies that have the same or similar capability and we're at an inflection point with regard to where are we going to make our investments, right? Are we going to continue with our own or actually begin to migrate, right? So, you know, honestly, our challenge is just that, how do we progress on that journey? Because as always the case, it becomes very difficult when you're out of your sweet spot and owning your core competency to maintain the investments that are needed. And in this particular case, it's pretty classic, right? For us to keep pace with what the likes of IBM or Amazon or any of them are doing, tremendous investment stream, right, and we'd question whether that investment is best suited, you know, from a shareholder's point of view. To buy or build things, too, think about it, because one of those things you say, okay, well, I'm going to rely on IBM Cloud or AWS or whoever could be the provider. It could be like an RFP process. That's right. You've got to start thinking, so you look at it that way. We do, we do, and Brokerage is going to help us there, right? So we'll get Brokerage up and running fairly soon. And assuming the capabilities are somewhat similar or neutral, if you would, then we'll let the application team pick what they want based upon what their specific requirements are. So I've got to ask you in a few minutes we have left. I see Ginny's up there, and I've been a big believer for a long time that data is the key asset, and we've been saying it for a long time, but Dave and I were going back almost 10 years ago talking about data as a development asset for developers, but she says something pretty compelling. Data is you own the data. That's profound. Now we believe that to be the case, because if you're renting everything and you're buying or you're building your own, the data becomes the critical layer of value. You've got to protect it. It's obviously you have financial data, so it's secure. How do you guys look at the data layer as an architectural philosophy? Well, we have 12, probably over 12 petabytes under management today, so it's a pretty, pretty significant environment for us to manage. The challenge, honestly, isn't, we've got the business side of the house wants to take advantage of that data because it's got an awful lot of client information within it that we should be able to take to market the right way. Clearly, client confidentiality is important, but the data actually becomes a little bit of a millstone if you would around us, because we've got privacy concerns over all of that data. So, and that data is grown up over time, so strong lineage doesn't necessarily exist. So a real strong data framework isn't there for us to understand whose data it is, when, what state it happens to be, and where it sits at rest. So, it's an investment. And then the motion piece is kicking up huge. It is. With the mobile devices. That's right. You got motion going. Yep, so it does all come back to the data, but it does require a pretty strong framework around the data for you to actually be able to take advantage of it, right? We're kind of leads to the digital transformation discussion, it's a big buzzword today.  You got smaller companies that are disrupting your business. So what does it all mean to you generally, and specifically to the infrastructure?  Well, we don't have, you wouldn't think a state street is a retail operation. Right, of course. So we don't have that, right? But there is a need for probably a third of my colleagues to have access to data, you know, via a mobile framework. That's internal. Internal, right? In terms of external clients, you know, we do have a framework that we are, that we do provide through my state street, it's an internet portal, and it's all back office, middle office data that they would typically access. Do they require that to be generally mobile, is it mobile enabled, I guess, is the term I'm struggling with, right? Our competition hasn't gone there, and so we're undertaking the evaluation that says, do we need to go there from a differentiation perspective, right? But traditionally people are accessing that data through web-based portals and using it in their day job that way, our clients are, right? So thanks for coming on the queue, really appreciate it. Quick end to the segment.  What's your take of the show this year? Certainly we've been seeing the digital traffic on IBM Go, doubled from World of Watson, which we thought was the hottest show IBM's ever done. Looks like Interconnect, this seems to be the hottest. What's the conversation, what's the vibe like? What's the experience here? I generally like the collaboration that takes place in these kinds of things, right? And I think, I think what IBM's done here in terms of how they've laid out the center and all of the space that's available, the sessions have all been reasonably collaborative. You know, you go to some of these things where you kind of fall asleep in the back row, haven't necessarily seen much of that here, right? So a kudos to IBM for running this to where they have, right? So. It's very engaging content. Thanks for coming on the queue, really appreciate your insight and sharing what's going on at State Street Corporation. I used to call the State Street Bank from being from New England 18 years ago, but great to see you and well to see it at a Red Sox game. Sounds good, guys. So maybe you have some tickets. Holy kid, this is the queue, of course. Always trying to get the Red Sox tickets. I'm John Furrier with Dave Vellante. Stay with us. More great interviews coming right up here. Day two of three days of coverage of IBM Interconnect 2017. We'll be right back.


good morning everyone I hope everyone is doing great so in this video I'll be sharing you one of the important interview questions that is explain your roles and responsibilities so this is one of the what I can say mandatory questions that you will find it out in any interview and how to answer it so in this video I'll be answering it from the developer's perspective so you may be a developer in any technology respective your technology you may be python developer developer on the job developer I believe I strongly believe that this video will be helping you for sure so firstly let me tell you how do I explain my roles and responsibility whenever I encountered this problem this is how I answer this within one or two minutes I'll finish it off so being a job developer I'll first analyze the given requirement to me so if at all if it is having a negative impact on the existing application then I'll highlight this issue in the any of the scrum call or to my scrum master and if at all if it is not having any negative impacts then I'll code it I'll test it and I'll be writing J units for it and I'll be checking the code and apart from that I'll be doing my code reviews or or peer review you can say attending all the scrum service and providing all my inputs or ideas wherever necessary helping QA with the test data analyzing the prod issues helping junior resources in the team and tracking team progress giving KT to new members in the team conducting interviews checking if the team members are done with all the mandatory trainings or not tracking submission of timesheets tracking team members performance tracking the leaves of team members so this is how I explain and there will be definitely counter questions as well to few of the responsibilities and the roles what I have said so let us discuss about that in deep so first thing is irrespective of your years of experience or on irrespective of the technology this is the basic thing any developer will do so firstly they have to analyze they will analyze the issue like that they'll analyze the story or the requirement and they'll code it they'll test it they'll write J units they'll check in so this is irrespective of the number of years of experience you have this will be the responsibility and apart from that you you do code reviews so code reviews this comes with little experience once you are an experienced candidate you do this an extra responsible will be added to you so here you can see a counter question like what all things you do when what all things you will check when you are doing a code review or a peer review so you can tackle it like this so our current project is on Java one-pointed and whenever I'm doing a code review I'll see whether javai features are we are maybe whether we are making use of javai features are not in that particular piece of code so this is one way this is one thing you can handle then attending all the scum scrum calls or scrum ceremonies and providing my inputs or ideas whenever like wherever necessary which ever meeting it is whether it is a retrospective whether it is stand up whether it is any kind of meeting so I'll be providing my ideas on that helping QA with the test data so this scenario usually comes when there are new QS into the team and they may be lacking data and there may be finding it out different scenarios so you can say that I'll be helping out them in finding the test data write test data and write scenarios so analyzing the prod issues so one of the biggest issues that any developer faces replicating the prod issues in the local environment so you can say that I take help from all the people like like I'll be meeting senior QA levels DevOps guys DBAs so because the same's to replicate the prod issues here so because prod issues and actual will take some time in replicating it in the lower environment so analyzing it and fixing it usually takes time helping junior resources in that team so basically I'll be helping out junior resources like there can be a counter question what kind of help you provide so there can be I am ready to provide any help so basically people struggle to write integration test or unit test or maybe implementing some new features which they haven't worked earlier so I'll be helping out them in any of the technical thing or there are few trainings that happens and we have to write some exams and we have to score some percentages so at that positions also I'll be helping them out and with the like the next points will be for the real experience guy who are having six plus years experience like tracking team progress like how the team is doing whether the committed things have been around on track and with everything that we have committed will go in the release or not so basically there are different matrices that we follow the team progress then giving KT to new team members so as you spend a lot enough amount of time that this becomes a mandatory things for you like giving KT to the new member in the team for explaining about the different modules and different components in the project conducting interviews so once you are experienced enough so definitely the higher management will be expecting you to attend in expecting you to conduct interviews and help the company in recruitment process checking if the team members are done with all the mandatory trainings or not especially if you are in different for every year or every six months or there will be a set of mandatory trainings that everyone has to be has to complete so that he stays in compliance with the company's policies or the client policies so tracking these things and helping out the managers in that like making his job easier tracking submission of timeshift this is one of the important thing in any IT company submission of the timeshift especially if there are client timeshifts if all you are forgetting to submit the timeshift the building will be gone so there will be a huge loss and this will be having like many companies consider this while giving you promotions of any year-end appraisals so I'll be tracking the my the people who report to me I'll be tracking their timeshift weekly because this is a weekly thing that we do so I'll be monitoring it closely so that this does not impact them and tracking the team members performance there are different matrices we use that I usually evaluate the performance on different matrices of my other of the people who report to me or who are working with me tracking the leaves of team members so again this is this is an optional thing to be honest like you can say it or you cannot you can just leave it because most of the time like tracking leaves not a mandatory thing so these are the typical roles and responsibilities that I give I believe this might be definitely helping few of us because when when I searched it on Google four or five years back I couldn't find any ready made answer for that so I was struggling at that time then I have noted this in my book all the roles and responsibilities so and these are not and this is not in my current project these are like cumulative you can say what all in different projects I have I was having different roles so I sum up all those things and I've created this set of things and if you liked this video please do comment or share this video in the different technical platforms so that this might be helpful to you as so others as well and provide your feedback whether you have like this or not if you're watching this or if you're on our channel for the first time you can subscribe on this channel and this is our channel you can visit our channel and you can see there are more than 100 videos that we have already shared related to different MNC interviews experiences or coding questions or hacker rank questions you can say and if you have a question like who are we and what we do we are basically a bunch of software engineers who attend interviews with different MNCs and share our real-time interview experiences through these videos and apart from that we even share our subscriber friends interview experiences who shared with us if you want to reach us out you can click or you can there is an email id given in the description you can reach us out for a unique query if at all we can help you will definitely help we will help on that and if at all you want to help us there is a affiliation link of Amazon if whenever you do a next shopping on Amazon you can visit Amazon using our link and you can shop there we may get some extra benefits like I'm not a benefit we may get some commission of the total value you spend on Amazon so you can use that that's it for this video and thank you for watching I hope this video will be helpful for at least a few


the Israeli president, stepping to the podium to address a joint session of Congress, to the applause of the vast majority of the members of the United States House of Representatives and Senate, and obviously an important, I think, and proud moment for many Israelis. And we can see a standing ovation as the Israeli President Isaac Herzog made his way down the U.S. Congress aisles toward the podium, shaking hands with Vice President Kamala Harris as well as the Speaker of the House, Kevin McCarthy. We're going to dip in now once this applause ends. It's likely that Isaac Herzog will commence his address, a rare one, and only the second Israeli president to do so, following his father who gave a similar address in 1987. Let's dip in now to have a listen to Isaac Herzog. Members of the Congress, I have the high privilege and distinct honor to present to you his Excellency, Isaac Herzog, President of the State of Israel. Madam Vice President, Mr. Speaker, on November 10th, 1987, I was sitting at home with my wife, Michal, expecting our first child. We were watching the first Israeli president, invited to address a joint session of Congress in honor of Israel's 40th Independence Day. That president was my father. Standing here today representing the Jewish Democratic State of Israel in its 75th year at the very podium from which my late father, President Heim Herzog, spoke, is in the honor of a lifetime, and I thank you wholeheartedly for it. I was born and raised in Israel, but my father's diplomatic post at the United Nations brought my family to New York in the 1970s. During high school, I volunteered with a legal aid society for the elderly in Brooklyn, New York. I volunteered with the impoverished and the underprivileged elderly, including war veterans and Holocaust survivors who gave their best years to the country they loved. My mentor at the organization was a subtle, reserved professional. She was strictly business. The moment she broke character has remained with me for almost 50 years. It was the day she told me the love of her life died fighting for Israel. Her fiancée, a tall, bright American Jewish boy, was inspired by the Zionist dream and the Jewish people's desire for independence. He voluntarily boarded a ship to Haifa, fought in the Israeli military and fell in the battle for Israel's independence just weeks before their wedding.  That moment in which I learned of the life he gave for the state of Israel spoke to the very core of the bond forged between the people of the United States and the people of Israel. How the nations we built overcame loss. How deeply our stories complement each others. How far we have all come together. Speaker McCarthy, I thank you for hosting this festive joint session of Congress celebrating the first 75 years of Israel's independence. Just a few weeks ago, during your first trip abroad as speaker, you honored the Israeli people by addressing the Knesset in Jerusalem, the capital of the state of Israel and the Jewish people. Your sincere expression of friendship on behalf of the United States of America truly resonated with the Israelis. Thank you. President Harris, it is such a great pleasure to see you again. I vividly recall hosting you at the Knesset a few years back. Your stirring remarks at the Israeli Embassy's Independence Day reception a few weeks ago reflect both yours and President Biden's decades-long ironclad friendship with Israel. Special thanks go to former speaker Nancy Pelosi, who first invited me less than a year ago together with Senator Chuck Schumer. And special thanks to dear friends, Senate Minority Leader Senator Mitch McConnell and House Minority Leader Congressman Hakim Jeffries for this bipartisan, bicameral invitation. And my thanks also to the distinguished members of the escort committee for greeting me so beautifully. Mr. Speaker, dear friends, in Jewish weddings a glass is placed on the ground intentionally stomped on. This ritual evokes the destruction of our temple in Jerusalem 2,000 years ago. Only after the glass is broken, the celebration can truly begin. Amidst the most joyous occasions in the lives of two individuals who have come together to build something whole, we recall what was once broken in our nation. Thus, the bitter blends with the sweet. Today, the Hebrew calendar points to the first day of the month of Av. In Jewish tradition, this is a somber period in which we mourn the loss of our sovereignty. Jewish communities all over the world lament the beginning of our national exile, where throughout two millennia we continuously expressed a spiritual connection to our ancestral homeland, longing to return home and regain our independence. Yet today, at this moment in my people's history, gathering on Capitol Hill to celebrate 75 years of Israeli independence with our greatest partner and friend, the United States of America, my soul is overflowing with pride and joy. The people of Israel are grateful to no end for the ancient promise fulfilled and for the friendship we have forged. In 1949, the President of the United States of America, Harry S. Truman, met with the Chief Rabbi of the newly established State of Israel, my grandfather, Rabbi Yitzchak Isaac Alevi Herzog, in the Oval Office. This was just a few years after each of them pleaded and campaigned for the rescue of Europe's Jews being slaughtered in the Holocaust by the Nazis. In speaking to President Truman, Rabbi Herzog thanked him for being the first world leader to officially recognize the State of Israel 11 minutes after its foundation. He spoke, Rabbi Herzog, of the divine providence, the destined President Truman, to help bring about the rebirth of Israel after 2,000 years of exile. Witnesses of the encounter recalled tears running down President Truman's cheeks. We're honored to have President Truman's grandson, Clifton Truman Daniel, with us here today. When the State of Israel was established in 1948, the land which the Almighty promised Abraham, to which Moses led the Israelites, the land of the Bible, of milk and honey, evolved into an exquisite land of democracy. Against all odds, the Jewish people returned home and built a national home which became a beautiful Israeli democracy, a mosaic of Jews, Muslims, Christians, Druze and Circassians, secular, traditional and orthodox of all denominations, of all possible views and lifestyles. A land which welcomed the gathering of exiles from over 100 nations. A land which became the start-up nation, a bustling hub of innovation and creativity, social action and intellectual discovery, spiritual awakening and business ventures, scientific ingenuity and lifesaving medical breakthroughs. We built a nation state which has faced relentless war, terror and delegitimization since its birth. A country fighting to defend itself from enemy and foe, yet whose citizens continue to greet each other with the word peace, shalom. A country which takes pride in its vibrant democracy, its protection of minorities, human rights and civil liberties as laid down by its parliament, the Knesset, and safeguarded by its strong Supreme Court and independent judiciary. A state founded on complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants, irrespective of religion, race or gender, as stipulated explicitly in Israel's Declaration of Independence. A country which is ever evolving, a diverse amalgam of accents, beliefs, backgrounds and customs, truly a modern-day miracle. This is the sweetness in which our country has been blessed. However, dear friends, the bitter casts a dark shadow on our country, on our region and on the world. Mr. Speaker, perhaps the greatest challenge Israel and the United States face at this time together is the Iranian nuclear program. Let there be no doubt, Iran does not strive to attend nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Iran is building nuclear capabilities that pose a threat to the stability of the Middle East and beyond. Every country or region controlled or infiltrated by Iran has experienced utter havoc. We have seen this in Yemen, in Gaza, in Syria, in Lebanon, in Iraq. In fact, we have seen this in Iran itself, where the regime has lost its people and is suppressing them brutally. Iran has spread hatred, terror and suffering throughout the Middle East and beyond, adding fuel to the disastrous fire and suffering in Ukraine. Iran is the only nation on the planet publicly calling, plotting and developing means to annihilate another nation and members of the family of nations, the state of Israel. Israel has no border with Iran. Israel has no resources contested by Iran. Israel has no conflict with the Iranian people. And yet, the Iranian regime, together with its proxies, throughout the Middle East, is aiming and working towards destroying the state of Israel, killing the Jews and challenging the entire world, the entire free world. Allowing Iran to become a nuclear threshold state, whether by omission or by diplomatic commission, is unacceptable. The world cannot remain indifferent to the Iranian regime's call to wipe Israel off the map. Tolerating this call and Iran's measures to realize it is an excusable moral collapse. Backed by the free world, Israel and the United States must act forcefully together to prevent Iran's fundamental threat to international security. I'm here to reiterate what every Israeli leader has declared for decades. The state of Israel is determined to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapon capabilities. Mr. Speaker, we are proud to be the United States closest partner and friend. We are grateful to the United States for the necessary means you have provided us to keep our qualitative military edge and to enable us to defend ourselves by ourselves. This reflects your ongoing commitment to Israel's security. We're also tremendously proud that ours is a two-way alliance in which Israel has been making critical contributions to the national security interests of the United States of America in numerous ways. Thank you, dear members of Congress, for your support of Israel throughout history and at this critical moment in time. Mr. Speaker, there is no question that the peace which the United States brokered between Israel and its neighbors has revolutionized the Middle East. The historic peace treaties with the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan have demonstrated the many blessings of opting out of the cycle of war. Both Jordan and Egypt have contributed tremendously to solidifying the precious peace and enhancing our region's stability and well-being. Three years ago, the Abraham Accords realigned our imaginations and our nation and our region. Israel eagerly welcomed the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain, and the Kingdom of Morocco into an exclusive warm peace between our peoples. Since signing the Accords, over one million Israelis have visited the Abrahamic nations, a clear expression of our will to become integrated in the region. This is a peace anchored in trust, hope, and prosperity, a true game changer. Each of these historic agreements which have altered the trajectory of the Middle East was facilitated by our greatest friends, the United States of America. Israel's hand is extended, and our heart is open to any partner in peace near or far. Israel thanks the United States for working towards establishing peaceful relations between Israel and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a leading nation in the region, and in the Muslim world. We pray for this moment to come. And this would be a huge sea change in the course of history in the Middle East and the world at large. My deep yearning, Mr. Speaker, is for Israel to one day make peace with our Palestinian neighbors. Israel has taken both steps towards peace and made far-reaching proposals to our Palestinian neighbors. However, true peace cannot be anchored in violence, notwithstanding the deep political differences and the numerous challenges that surround the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and relations. And I do not ignore them. It should be clear that one cannot talk about peace while condoning and legitimizing terror implicitly or explicitly. True peace cannot be anchored in violence. Palestinian terror against Israel or Israelis undermines any possibility for a future of peace between our peoples. Israelis are targeted while waiting for buses, while taking a stroll on the promenade, while spending time with a family.  This is inconceivable. It is a moral disgrace. Terror is not a bump in the road. Terror is hatred and bloodshed. It contradicts humanity's most basic principles of peace. Israel cannot and will not tolerate terror. And we know that in this, we are joined by the United States of America. Two Israeli soldiers, Oron Shaul and Hadar Goldin and two civilians, Isham al-Said and Averamin Gistu, are being held hostage by Hamas for years for the sole purpose of torturing their families and the families they left behind. Lieutenant Hadar Goldin was abducted in violation of a UN-sponsored humanitarian ceasefire negotiated by the United States. His family has been fighting for nine years to bring him home. I asked Hadar Goldin's mother, Lea, to be with us here today. We pray for her son's return as well as the three other Israelis. We pray for the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy. Nation shall not take up sword against nation. Neither shall they know war anymore. The younger generation of Israelis and Palestinians deserve better. They are all worthy of a future to look towards, a future of peace and prosperity, a future of hope. And I'm wholeheartedly committed to this vision, a vision of hope and peace, true peace without any terror. Mr. Speaker, dear friends, the sacred bond we share is unique in scope and quality because it is based on values that reach across generations, across administrations, across governments and coalitions, carrying us through times of turmoil and elation. 160 years ago, it was President Abraham Lincoln who spoke of the dream to restore the Jews to their national home as one was shared by many Americans. The inscription on Philadelphia's Liberty Bell articulates the Hebrew Bible's code of ethics, proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto the inhabitants thereof. This verse from Leviticus, shining through the crack of the Liberty Bell, underscores the principles that fuel the American dream. These words have bound our nations through the ages. Coming together today in this chamber of liberty and freedom, we're all realizing the hopes of our founding fathers and mothers. We are very proud, so very proud, of the true friendship we have forged, a mutually beneficial partnership that has withstood challenges and weathered great disagreements because it is based not on uniformity of approach but on the ultimate currency of trust. It is not dependent upon operating in harmony but on the history we share, on the truths we cherish, on the values we embody. This partnership is based also on similarities and the affinity between our peoples, the courageous immigrants and the trailblazing pioneers. It is rooted deep in our respective declarations of independence. In the American Declaration of Independence, the founders appealed to the supreme judge of the world in the Israeli Declaration of Independence, influenced by America's, our founders placed their trust in the rock of Israel. So Israel, the revered American Jewish spiritual leader, Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, embodied the bridge between our peoples and the story of American Jewry. After escaping from the Holocaust, Rabbi Heschel publicly advocated interfaith dialogue. He fought for civil liberties in America and marched alongside Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in the historic march from Selma to Montgomery in March of 1965. Rabbi Heschel wrote, to be is to stand for. To be is to stand for. I'm so pleased to have his daughter, Professor Susanna Heschel of Dartmouth, joining us here today. Thank you, Susanna.  Ultimately, Israel and the United States stand and indeed have always stood for the same values. Our two nations are both diverse, life-affirming societies that stand for liberty, equality and freedom. At our core, both our peoples seek to repair the cracks in the world. Having said this, I'm really well aware that our world is changing. A new generation of Israelis and Americans are assuming leadership roles. A generation that was not privy to the hardship of Israel's formative years. A generation that is less engaged in the roots that connect our peoples. A generation that perhaps takes for granted the U.S.-Israel relationship. Yet, at this moment, I am optimistic. Because to me it is clear that the shifting generations does not reflect changing values, nor does it indicate changes in our interests. When the United States is strong, Israel is stronger. When Israel is strong, the United States is more secure. Today, my dear friends, we are provided the opportunity to reaffirm and redefine the future of our relationship. Each of us here has a decisive role in the future we are building. Many of the challenges Israel and the United States face are similar. We are all experiencing a tumultuous shift in balance, evident in countless areas. Geopolitical unrest, big power competition, catastrophic war in Ukraine, pandemics, climate crisis, the unknown of artificial intelligence, energy shortages, food insecurity, scarcity of water and desertification, global terror, social polarization, and the attempts to destabilize democracy. Each of these challenges present an opportunity to seek out solutions together, which will benefit the global community. Israel has the ability to contribute in a unique, significant fashion to addressing these challenges. Israel and the United States are world leaders in aiding countries whose peoples have suffered. Our collaborative capabilities, coupled with our mutual beneficial partnership are the key to the future of our children. To us it is clear that America is irreplaceable to Israel and Israel is irreplaceable to America. It is time to design the next stage of our evolving friendship and our growing partnership together. So let's do it together, ladies and gentlemen. Let's elevate our partnership to new levels. Mr. Speaker, I'm not oblivious to criticism among friends, including some expressed by respected members of this House. I respect criticism, especially from friends, although one does not always have to accept it. Criticism of Israel must not cross the line into negation of the state of Israel's right to exist. Questioning the Jewish people's right to self-determination is not legitimate diplomacy, it is anti-Semitism. Billifying and attacking Jews, whether in Israel, in the United States or anywhere else in the world, is anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism is a disgrace in every form. And I commend President Joe Biden for laying out the United States first-ever national strategy to combat anti-Semitism. Dear friends, it's no secret that over the past few months the Israeli people have engaged in a heated and painful debate. We have been immersed in voicing our differences and revisiting and renegotiating the balance of our institutional powers in the absence of a written constitution. In practice, the intense debate going on back home, even as we speak, is the clearest tribute to the fortitude of Israel's democracy. Israel's democracy has always been based on free and fair elections, on honoring the people's choice, on safeguarding minority rights, on protection of human and civil liberties, and on a strong and independent judiciary. Democracy is also 120 members of Knesset, comprised of Jews, Muslims, Christians, Druze, representing every opinion under the Israeli sun, working and debating side by side. Our democracy is also late Friday afternoon, when the sound of the Muazzin calling to prayer blends with the siren announcing the Sabbath in Jerusalem, while on one of the largest and most impressive LGBTQ pride parades in the world is going on in Tel Aviv. Democracy is also reflected in protesters taking to the streets all across the country to emphatically raise their voices and fervently demonstrate their points of view. Our democracy is the blue and white Israeli flag, waved and loved by all Israelis, taking part in the debate. I am well aware of the imperfections of Israeli democracy. And I'm conscious of the questions posed by our greatest of friends. The momentous debate in Israel is painful and deeply unnerving because it highlights the cracks in the hole within the entire home. And as president of Israel, I am here to tell the American people and each of you that I have great confidence in Israeli democracy. Although we are working through sour issues, just like you, I know our democracy is strong and resilient. Israel has democracy in its DNA. Be mindful of the challenge which this moment presents to Israeli society. And I've made it the priority of my presidency to play a leading role in this critical and emotional public discussion. I will say to you, dear friends in English, what I've said to my people, my sisters and brothers in Hebrew, back home. As a nation, we must find a way to talk to each other, no matter how long it takes. As head of state, I will continue doing everything to reach broad public consensus and to preserve, protect, and defend the state of Israel's democracy. Dear friends, for so many Israelis, this very public debate is also very personal. It is now a little after 6 PM in Israel. They will sit down to dinner together, besides family or friends, with whom they may severely disagree. But they are and they will always remain family. Israel and the United States will inevitably disagree on many matters. But we will always remain family. Our evolutionary societies have so much to give to the world and so much to learn from each other. Our bond may be challenged at times, but it is absolutely unbreakable. The Israeli national anthem, Hatikva, is a song of hope. The late rabbi, Lord Jonathan Sacks, wrote that in Judaism, hope is an active virtue which requires a great deal of courage. Hope is the belief that together we can make the world better, that we can overcome any setback and heal the fractures in our world. Israel's first 75 years were rooted in an ancient dream. Let us base our next 75 years on hope. Our shared hope that we can heal our fractured world as the closest of allies and friends. Thank you, members of both houses, for celebrating Israel's independence. I'm Israel Chai, blessed State of Israel, and God bless the United States of America. You were just listening to the long-awaited address by the Israeli President Isaac Herzog, the president of the State of Israel to a joint session of Congress. Let's cross now live to our senior US correspondent, Mike Wagenheim. Mike, a thunderous applause, standing ovations. It's almost hard to believe that some people won't even in the US chamber of Congress. Some would argue that across the Israeli political spectrum, as well as possibly the US, there were just an altogether unity and sense of pride. What was your main takeaway and your position being there in the flesh? We seem to be having connection issues. Mike, can you hear me? It seems like Mike is still in that noise of the chamber. The overwhelming applause there. But perhaps you're in studio with our senior diplomatic correspondent, Owen Ultimate, as well as the former Israeli ambassador to the US, Michael Oren. The biggest takeaway is from the speech that really was so long-awaited and was very heartfelt. An excellent speech? Excellent reception. Someone will count the standing ovations and compare them to the previous one. They already are on Twitter. So it always counts the standing ovations. Two takeaways. One, what he said about the Iran nuclear program that it should not have the ability to make a nuclear weapon. That is a very significant division between our position and the American position. President Biden says that the United States is committed to preventing Iran from getting a nuclear weapon. But it does not say. He does not say. And the previous American president said that the United States is committed to preventing Iran from having the ability to make a nuclear weapon.  That's the ability to make a nuclear weapon very, very shortly. And what he didn't say, he did not mention the two-state solution, which is a very important buzzword for the Democrats. Didn't talk about how peace could be achieved with the Palestinians on what basis. And I'm sure people in the Democratic Party will point that out. Stay with us. I just want to cross now. I think we do have our US senior US correspondent, Mike Wagenheim there in the halls of Congress. Mike, the word democracy was passed around quite a lot in the speech. We were just saying the amount of standing ovations was also being counted. What can you tell us from your impression in the flesh there in the US Hall of Congress? I wanted to add on to what was said a moment ago. Yes, there was no roadmap to a two-state solution laid out there. I think what the president was speaking about was you can't even get to that or attempt to get to it until there's a recognition here that you can't lay a foundation for peace until terror is disavowed or at least you stop paying for it, essentially, as the Palestinians are doing for terrorists to commit acts against Israeli civilians and soldiers. So really, the message I think that Herzog was trying to convey is that it all has to start there. And then you can try to work your way forward, whether that's a viable plan or not. It's at least what he was trying to put forward. It really, I think, Herzog was trying to connect the two countries in a way that historical connections, biblical connections, but also the present day. And there's a recognition that what was 30 years ago, 40 years ago, 35 years ago when his father addressed Congress doesn't apply today anymore, those roots in Israel's founding. It's not really known about in this generation that we're seeing now, and this generation of Congress people don't really know about the historical ties. So I think the impression he was trying to lay down was those need to be renewed and renewed quickly to carry forward that relationship. Seeing you as correspondent Mike Wagenheim there in the halls of Congress, thank you so much for being with us and for that update. Owen, earlier in the broadcast, I made mention to Thomas Friedman, the famed New York Times columnist. And I want to read something that he had an interview with Biden yesterday, and he wrote, the US president is trying to be respectful of Israel's right to choose its own path without its American ally intervening in an internal matter. But also, that Biden expressed public support for the protest movement, and we just heard the Israeli president saying that criticism is welcome, it's even respected, but it doesn't have to be accepted. Right, I'm just going back to the speech for a moment. First of all, just want to reiterate and amplify what Michael Orrin said, right? That Iran point is a potential real point of division between the two governments. Israeli spokesman, we talked about this before the broadcast. Haven't always been consistent in saying what President Herzog said. One would imagine he did this in coordination. I would imagine with the prime minister's office, the National Security Council, before making a statement like that. So it's interesting that that reflects, at least, current Israeli thinking. And of course, we saw the two-state solution, absolutely true and fascinating. What was Isaac Herzog there to do today? He was there to do what Benjamin Netanyahu could not do. Benjamin Netanyahu, for his own political reasons, for example, a simple example, can it go to the podium and cite as an important part of the relationship between Israel and the United States, between the Jewish people and the American people? So I'm going to talk to the conservative rabbinical school, Abraham Joshua Eshel, for decades. Netanyahu couldn't do that. I don't know that Netanyahu, even without speaking about the two-state solution, could say all of what Isaac Herzog said on the Palestinian issue, for example. I don't know that Benjamin Netanyahu could have said all of what Isaac Herzog said about the judicial overhaul, or at least not being able to say it with the kind of credibility that Herzog said it. So he was there to do what Netanyahu couldn't to be able to put his face onto the US-Israel relationship to try to emphasize Israel's liberal face, Israel's pluralistic face. Remember, the Muslim Muezzin, the siren for the Jewish Sabbath, and the LGBTQ parade going on until they've evolved at the same time. And in that sense, I think the speech hit the mark. There are also some really interesting nuances there, right? He's there to preserve, protect, and defend Israeli democracy, right? An allusion to the oath of office taken by US presidents. So again, a well-crafted speech, even at the micro level, by people who really understand the United States. As for seeking about the protest movement, look. Bacha, you're right. It can be played both ways. It can be played as an example of the vibrancy of Israeli democracy, as the Herzog said, or as a movement that is talking about democracy being threatened in Israel. Obviously, it can be seen both ways. Isaac Herzog was there to achieve the message of bringing the two countries together, so naturally focused on the first. Gentlemen, I want to thank you both very much for being here. Unfortunately, we are running out of time. Senior diplomatic correspondent Owen Ultiman and the former Israeli ambassador to the US. Thank you very much, Michael Oren, for being here. To recap, Israeli president Isaac Herzog gave an address to a joint session of Congress, the second to do so.


I think it's so important if people understood the times. And that is, if you were a minority, you really had to come together to have your voice heard. Lebanese Americans, Jewish Americans, Blacks, and of course Hispanics usually were clustered in the same areas of the city. So what happens when the legislature is meeting in 1957? They will continue to try to enact Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws were those laws that were enacted after the Civil War to afford the progress of what had been previous slaves. And that was the African Americans in this country to equality and full rights. And along with any minorities, such as African Americans at that time, you found all the others, the ones I just mentioned, especially Mexican Americans in the state of Texas. Even back then, dad was always about inclusion. And if you don't do it, you risk everyone. And his thing was the classic, if the law doesn't protect you, in the end it will not protect me. It was all about, really it's about self-interest. If you really care about your family, your country, your community, then you wanna empower everybody in it. And to the day he died, that's what he believed.


OK, first of all, I'm going to tell you congratulations, OK? Not shocked one bit at all, KB. If we play like that, OK, we fight our ass off, find out who we play, where we play them, and what time we play them to here, and continue to prepare, we're going to win a ton of games. Because we have a brand of football that may not be perfect, and everybody's going to try to cut holes in it.  We just figure out ways to win the game. Figure out ways to win the game. That's your job. That's my job. We'll give you a plan.  It's so much fun to watch you guys play. Offence, all I can tell you is I don't care how we got down there, but we scored touchdowns in the red zone. We were three for three. Listen to me, Jeff, we put a lot on your plate, man. OK, I know a bunch of guys play great. OK, you've got to dominate and take over games. You hear me, Jeff? I appreciate you. OK, babe? 3, 2, 1, go.  KB, break them down.  Like I said before, man, we improving nobody wrong. We trying to prove ourselves right, man. Let's keep it going. Let's get healthy. Go Titans on three. One, two, three. Titans.


Every single person possesses the power to create, and I'm not talking about just art or inventions, but I'm talking about creating every single circumstance, environment, thought, action, and behavior in our lives. What makes human beings different from animals? In other words, if you're a pet owner, what makes you different from your pet? Now, this might sound like an obvious answer, you might be thinking, I'm a human being and my pet's an animal. Well, then what makes you as a human being different from an animal?  Think about that question and let me know in the comments below what you think makes human beings different from animals. If you look from a physical standpoint, physical meaning through the five senses, animals are actually more developed than human beings.   The hearing of a bat is sharper than a human being's. And the touch of a snake that senses its surroundings through its tactile senses is sharper than a human being's. And the taste senses of a bee are much sharper than a human being's. So from that perspective, although we can argue we're the highest intelligence out there, from a strictly physical perspective, animals are more developed than human beings. Then if human beings really are the top of the food chain and are the most superior form of animal species, what is it that makes us the top of the food chain? If it's not physical, it's something inside. And what could that be? The answer lies in your brain. Yes, human beings have higher intelligence than animals, but actually I'm sure you know some human beings who are not as smart as some animals. And I'm sure you know human beings who actually act even more cruel than animals too. There are some humans who act worse than our pet dog, wouldn't you agree? The thing that makes human beings fundamentally and concretely different from animals is that we have divinity inside of our brains. What I mean by divinity is we have the creator, that energy from the universe that exists within our brains as a small dormant seed.  So yes, I know there are certain animals that have spiritual characteristics like horses, cats, dogs, dolphins, higher intelligence animals, but on a fundamental level humans have this divinity that resides inside of their brain that they can use to create change in themselves, change in other people, and what we say develop human character, develop this inner sense of being, this inner soul that resides inside of each and every single person. So people who have accomplished great things throughout history like Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, the Wright brothers, Steve Jobs, people who have invented things that have changed humanity and society. These are some prime examples of people who have tapped into this divinity that resides inside of their brain, this fountain of infinite creative power, infinite influence, and infinite artistic abilities. These people are no different from the average person. In fact, most of these people's history and their life stories will tell you they actually were really terrible students, and people told them that they would amount to nothing. And what differentiates people who are able to live at their optimal place rather than just living at a steady status quo is this clear difference whether you are tapping into that divine seed inside of your brain. Every single person possesses the power to create, and I'm not talking about just art or inventions, but I'm talking about creating every single circumstance, environment, thought, action, and behavior in our lives. But not many people, in fact a majority of the people, don't realize this kind of power that they possess inside. And when you don't realize what you have, even if you have a pot of gold that you're sitting on, if you don't know that what you're sitting on is gold, you can never use the gold. Same thing with the divinity that each and every single person has inside of our brains, that seat of infinite creation and power. If we don't know that we have this and don't believe that we have this, even if someone tells you you have it, we can never access that place. So how can we awaken this divine seed inside of our brains? It starts with asking very important life questions that break your mind outside of the box. There are so many things in society, what we see in the media, what we are told by the news, what we're told by our parents, what we're told by our teachers, things that contain our minds within the system. And that's why many people, we just live very comfortably within the confines that the politics and religions and economic systems have created for us. And we don't know what's out there beyond these systems. But very key existential questions that ask us about our human state of being, these questions are the things that break your mind from the system to awaken the divinity inside. And those questions are these. Who am I on a fundamental level beyond my name, beyond my education, beyond my label as a father, a mother, a sister, a brother, a YouTuber, a Instagram model, beyond these labels? Who am I as a human being? And two, what do I want?  These kinds of fundamental questions are what awaken that seed of divinity inside. Because once you start asking those questions about your life, then you build a curiosity that forces your brain to explore beyond your boundaries that you know. If you're forced to think about yourself, who am I beyond your name, beyond your labels, beyond your academic background, beyond your race, beyond your ideology, then you have to think about your identity beyond the boxes that society places for you. Stretching your mind beyond those boundaries is the start of awakening that divinity inside. So I want to show you through a visual demonstration the difference between a person who is just living comfortably in the status quo within the box of the system versus someone who has awakened the divinity of their brain, such as Albert Einstein, the Wright Brothers, Thomas Edison, these great people who have accomplished great things to benefit so many people and humanity at large. This is a normal brain. This is a brain that asks the question, who am I? This is the brain that asks the question, what do I want? And this is the brain that asks the question and finds the answers to, what is my life purpose? As you ask and find the answers to these existential questions, the brain expands its capacity to make you live your fullest potential. Who am I? What do I want? What is my life purpose? So to have a brain where the seed of divinity is open and starting to sprout, you must ask yourself these important existential questions about who you are as a human being. Who am I? What do I want? Where is my life going? Think about those answers and let me know in the comments below what you come up with. When you start asking those questions and finding the answers to those questions, create your identity based on these results, not the results that school taught you, not the results that your parents or some kind of religious system, national system, political system taught you. Find your identity based on the answers to these questions of you on a human fundamental level. And I promise you that will change your values, change your priorities and change your perspective on life and how you should live your life from this moment onward. I invite you on that journey. You might be pleasantly surprised at what you find about yourself as you continue to ask yourself these questions. If you have any thoughts about this or what you think about the idea of divinity in your brain, I would love to hear all of your responses. Please let me know in the comments Thanks everyone. The divinity in me recognizes the divinity in you.


Okay, thanks Kate. Hi everyone. I'm from Health Director Australia so I'll start by talking a bit about Health Director Australia, about who we are. We're a government funded organisation we're not the profit, we're actually a co-ag company. We've been going since 2006 and we're actually owned by the federal health department and the state departments, state health departments of every state except for Victoria and Queensland. We were set up to develop a range of digital health and telehealth services. We began as the National Health Call Centre Network for people to contact after hours if they're having trouble with any health issues. We became a digital organisation maybe five or six years ago and we provide digital services and other health information and advice to the Australian population. Some of our websites and services are the main Health Direct website which is a general health website. We also have the pregnancy birth and baby website. We have a carer gateway for those people who identify themselves as carers of people who have a disability or who are chronically ill. We run the Health Direct After Hours GP helpline to another contact centre, the My Age Care website on behalf of the federal government. We have a National Health Services Directory so you can find the GP's specialist emergency departments in your local area. We run the quit line and get healthy services in New South Wales as well. I'm here to talk about the Australian Health Thesaurus which we manage. It's a Thesaurus of medical, health and human services related to concepts. It's human services as well because we manage the age care and carer websites. It reflects the current Australian health and human services environments. You can see on the right hand side, we have over 5,000 concepts within our Thesaurus. It was originally developed by the Department of Health and Aging many years ago and we inherited that Thesaurus about 4 or 5 years ago. The Thesaurus is actually based on Mesh, the medical subject headings which is maintained by the US Library of Medicine. We regularly update the Thesaurus. We look at all the user analytics to see what are people searching for on our website. We look at the current news developments such as the Zika virus. When the outbreak occurred in Australia a couple of years ago, we had no concepts on Zika virus so we added that in. We also do environmental analysis of certain domain areas such as age care which we did when we set up the MyAgeCare website. We looked at all the websites in Australia that focus on age care and looked at all the concepts that they're using. The main thing about our Thesaurus though is that it's consumer focused. It's not aimed at the clinicians or health professionals. It's aimed at consumers. We try to keep that focus on the concepts. This slide here is on the left hand side. This is the main concept schemes within Thesaurus. You can see we've got anatomy, chemicals and drugs, diseases and disorders, equipment and supplies, facilities. There's quite a lot of different concepts there. If you click on one of those concept schemes, you can go through the hierarchy to see and on the right hand side you can see I've gone down through diseases and disorders, digestive system diseases and I've now selected the liver cancer concept. Clicking on the concept provides the shows us the other information about that concept and here you can see what is called the SCOS view, the SKOS, the Simple Knowledge Organization System view which is basically showing you the broader, narrower and related concepts. Also on the right hand side you can see we have the preferred label and alternative labels and the alternative labels are the synonyms. The idea being for our websites that if people, in this case, if they search for hepatic cancer, they can find content that has been classified with the concept liver cancer. The main reasons we have Thesaurus is, as I've just mentioned, was the classification purposes. All that content is classified with Thesaurus. It also helps in the relevance of our search results in the ranking. We also use it for auto-suggestion as well so once you start typing in your search in the top field you'll get a list of suggestions to select. We can display other contextual content on the website as well such as a video on asthma will appear on content, an article about asthma because they're both classified with the same concepts. And we also use it to manage our medicines data and this is what I really want to show you today because it shows you how we are linking our data. We've set up a medicines catalogue and we've looked at all the publicly available medicine data sets that we could find in Australia and we're starting off with our own Australian Health Thesaurus which we are using as our control list. We've also looked at the Australian medicines terminology. This is the national standard for naming conventions for all medicines in Australia. This is managed by the Australian Digital Health Agency authority. We also have data from the Therapeutic Goods Administration through the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods. That's a register of all the drugs that are sold in Australia. They also have data from the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme and also Guild Link which is the commercial arm of the Pharmacy Guild of Australia and from then we get pill images and we're just going through a process with them at the moment to get their consumer medicine information leaflets. That's the leaflet that's in a packet when you buy it over the counter and we want to get that in HTML format so that we can present the data on our website in a much more consumer-friendly way. We're also getting data from Drug Bank which is a great Canadian government initiative. It's got great information about medicines and chemicals. You can see on this side now that this is what we do with Thesaurus. This is how we start the linking process with these other data sets. I've selected the concept Amitriptiline which is an active ingredient and we've created a whole new concept custom schema which we call clinical relationships and you can see on the right-hand side in that column you can see we have added the ID, the identification of the Australian Medicines terminology ID and a bit further down we've also got an ID for Drug Bank so it's just a mapping with those concepts in those data sets. You also see there's a reference there to a BEAS criteria and that's not the fact that this can be used to make BEA. It's an internationally recognised list of medicines that are inappropriate to prescribe to older people. In this case this is one of those drugs and we've got the Boolean logic of it true here. A bit further down we've also got a pregnancy category as well which we get from the TGA and this has got a pregnancy category of C. We're not actually using that at the moment but we do intend to use that on our website soon. So what we're doing every month we update what we call a terminology service. It's a database. We import all the data from all of those those data sets into our terminology service from the Australian Health Asaurus, the TGA, PBS, the AMT, Drug Bank and the Guildlink and we've developed the relationships between all those data sets so that when a user searches for a medicine on our website they can dynamically pull that content all that data into a web page for them. On this page you can actually see how those relationships work. I showed you where the AHT had that reference to the Australian Medicine terminology and Drug Bank. We can see that those relationships are here with the Drug Bank and AMT. The AMT actually has seven different data sets within it. From medicinal product which is a list of could be the active ingredient used in a drug and the trade product which is actual brand name of that. And you can see you can actually work your way through these relationships to come down to the container trade product pack which could be in that data set. It could be a Panadol 20 milligrams, 20 tablets in a blister pack and that data set has a reference to the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods ID which the TGA manages. And Guildlink also uses that ID as well. And you see on the other side, left hand side there, the PBS link which is there's a reference to that ID in the medicinal product unit of use data set. So we can link up all of these data sets. And as I said before the use is that so that if somebody searched on any medicine we can pull the data from all of these data sets to show information to the people.  I can show you from our side here. This is a page on the drug endep. And as I scroll down the page you can see there's the information on the page. Remember when I said the beers criteria? Because I had that true flag in the data, we've pulled up this warning here to say that if you're over 65 years of age there may be specific risks and recommendations for use for this medicine. So please consult your health professional or pharmacist. As I scroll down here people can select the type of packet that they have. In this case whether it's a 10 milligram or a 25 milligram or a 50 milligram pack that's coming from the AMT, the strain medicines terminology. One of the bits of data we have from the TGA is a PDF version of the consumer medicines information leaflet and so we have a link to that. So if that exists then they can click on this read leaflet to be able to read the consumer medicines information leaflet which will tell them all about the side effects of the drug when they can use it, when they can't use it that type of thing. Then we have other information here as well coming from the TGA and also images coming from Guildlink. So we've got the dosage form, the route of administration, we've got information about the pack, about how to store the drug and the lifetime of the drug. And also if that drug was available on the PBS then there's a link here as well to go to the PBS site. Okay go back to the slide. The thesaurus can also be used, we have a public version of it that can be accessed by individuals and organizations as well. So it can be used for research purposes. Just remember it has its consumer language. It's aligned to medical, clinical and government standards and systems and it forms a bridge between those three different domains. And it can be used for the surveys, for interviews and for transcripts and I've got the link for it coming up soon. But this is what the public version of thesaurus looks like here. You can do a search for a concept. You can select the A to Z list or you can click on any of the concepts and just drill your way down through the concepts to find the right concept you need and you can still find the right information. This is only showing that SCOS view that I showed you before with the broader narrower and related concepts but you can also find some other information on that as well. And there's also a visual version of it as well so that you can see in a visual format what are the the narrower and related and broader concepts of that that concept. Here are some some links which you might find useful. The first one is of our website, the main health threat website. We also have a link there to the medicines pages where you can start searching and see the how all that data comes together. I've got a link here which shows you general information about the thesaurus and for those actually want to get into the thesaurus and look at it itself. That's the link down the bottom. That's the thesaurus.healthdirect.org.au slash A-H-T. Okay and that's it so thank you.