In this video, I'd like to share with you four marketing principles from authentic marketing that can help you get more clients. Basically, how does somebody go from, I don't know who you are to, I'd love to be your client. How does that work? These principles basically allow that to be possible. Now, what you're not going to hear me say is, how do you persuade them? How do you be more charming, be more attractive?  That's not how I think about marketing. I don't think that's authentic marketing. Instead, so much of growing your business and getting clients in an authentic way in a way that's connected to your integrity is really about what you do in here, right? And what you do in here then spills out into what you do out there. So the first principle I'd like to share is being consistent with your service publicly. What I mean is that I see so many solopreneurs particularly if they, you know, especially they are heart based and, you know, likely to resonate with this idea of authentic business or authentic marketing. They tend to be, maybe you, I don't know, tend to be inconsistent with showing up on online. Most of us these days get our clients online. Even if you're getting your clients locally, people still go online to find you. We're so inconsistent because we go by our inspiration. Wow, you know, I don't feel like going on video today. Anyway, as I often like to remind you, I didn't, I don't feel like making this video. Before I started recording, I could have gone, I was taking a nap just now, I could have taken a longer nap. I could have, you know, gone and I don't know played a video game it's Friday afternoon. I pretty much finished my work for the week. I could have gone and you know watch TV or go to the park early or you know we're going to the park later but we could have gone to the park early and do other things. So if you have more fun things to do. I don't feel like making videos but the fact that I'm hoping that you'll be grateful that I made this video because this may inspire you to become more consistent with showing up. Because if you are consistent, you become more confident, your content becomes better, and then you build a community of people who follow your content, out of which comes your truest and best clients. Right and you are also shaping the consciousness of of the planet with your content, a bunch of C's there consistency leads to confidence leads to better content leads to growing a community leads to getting the best clients leads to the consciousness of the ripple effect that changes the consciousness of the world and changes your consciousness to because you'll realize that Oh, being consistent in showing up isn't about me being ready and being attractive and having the smartest things to say and having the, you know, the most ways of making a video or something like that no being consistent is about the practice of service publicly. And that's what I'm dedicated to. That's why I show up every week. That's why you'll find me here, even though I never feel like making a video, but once I get going like now what we're a few minutes into the video now I'm enjoying myself. Because I'm enjoying imagining that it's helping some of you, and that brings gratitude and fulfillment to my heart. So, this is the first principle I'll share with you being consistent in showing up, which is finding a way to see the showing up not as I'm ready and perfect enough good enough to show up none enough. I'll show up no matter what because this is a practice of service to the world, and in the process of practicing being a service to the world. I also grow. I also get the chance to explore my thoughts, whether it's in writing or on video or on a podcast or however you share content out there. I get to explore my, you know, my just my thoughts but also my experiences, helping others maybe I can there's a story I can tell, or something I've learned recently, and by sharing consistently, you grow into a better educator, you grow smarter about your field, and the people around you grow because you're sharing, you know you're sharing your content and your audience your network grows in wisdom, and in caring, and in understanding about your field right, which means that they're more likely to become your clients to so be consistent please this is an key principle to having more clients is the practice of the discipline the gentle, joyful discipline of consistently showing up. Which leads me to the next principle, which is to to to being discovered.  This video goes on to YouTube, you know, Facebook, I'm going to make a short video later for Instagram, and this later gets posted to LinkedIn so it's like being consistent with our authentic content naturally leads us into growth of our confidence, our content, the quality of our content grows because we get more practice doing it, we get smarter, or we build a community, etc, etc. But being discovered. Okay, so let's talk about the consistency was the first principle the second principles discoverability. Like I said, authentic content consistency is a big part of that. You will, in the life of your creative in the in the life of your creativity in your creative career, you're going to make so hopefully make so many videos or write so many articles, a lot of which, you know, aren't going to go anywhere right not just like I have over well over at this point, most of those videos only have a few views, but some of those videos have thousands of views, because, and it's really hard to predict this is really important. You think you know, ah, this is going to be a great idea I'm going to put this out there it's going to go viral. Trust me, now that I have written over 1000 articles and made over 1000 videos, I will tell you, I've become more and more agnostic to which of my pieces are viral. I just keep showing up exploring different things putting things out there and then I'm always surprised. Oh, wow. How come that one did really well or how come that piece didn't do well in this piece did well. So the consistency of showing up authentically authentically over time, you'll find some of your things getting shared and those things getting shared will build your community and will bring you some clients. There's one way of getting discovered right just consistent authentic content. Another way of getting discovered is by using paid ads to distribute your content to the people that wouldn't have discovered you just by people sharing your stuff. And I use paid ads, all the time I, you know, as of this recording I have something like five or six ads running on Facebook and Instagram. Most of those ads are not selling anything. You know, usually if I have six ads running, usually four of them or five of them are not selling anything. They are just promoting a best piece of content that I have a best article or best video that I have that doesn't selling thing but it's just now I might I might in an article or video, lightly mentioned one of my products but it's not the the purpose of that article or video isn't to you better buy this you know it's it's to teach something or to inspire them, you know with the possibility of something and if it feels really right and appropriate I might mention a product here there but it's really more for inspiring and educating and uplifting. I use paid ads on Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn to distribute my content to targeted audiences that wouldn't have ever discovered me otherwise probably so that's a second way of this gets the first way is consistency of authentic content second way is paid ads. If you've been doing it. If you're going to run a business. How can you not pay for advertising. I mean, putting a put a different way doesn't isn't your business worthwhile to advertise. Of course it is. You really have the fantasy that you can do everything without organically without using advertising dollars. It's, you're going to grow extremely slowly if you do that if you use paid ads, even $30 a month is what I recommend starting with 3030, you can afford $30 a month for paid ads of course you can. I've been doing that because I think it's true for most of you now some of you are in a difficult economy where 3030 US dollars a month is a lot but for a lot of you US Canada Europe Australia, you know Singapore 30 US dollars a month is totally acceptable to advertise your business. So that being just putting content out there to bless people to educate and uplift okay. The second deliver discoverability technique is paid ads and the third one, which I use frequently as well is collaborations. And some of you discovered me because one of my collaborators one of my friends or colleagues, and maybe interviewed me on their video channel on their Facebook page on their podcast on their Instagram, or somewhere else. So collaborations is where the simplest idea is you go and interview one of your peers for your network for your audience, even if you don't have a big audience but you could share on your Facebook profile to your Facebook friends or whatever. So interview appear and make them look good. Not not inauthentically but just ask them questions that draw out their expertise and their excitement for their field and the stories that matter to them and their clients, you know like interview them and then they may return the favor and interview you. Now it's important when you're looking at collaborations to find people with a similar sized audience. And some of you probably, you know, you're thinking maybe George can interview me well you and I probably don't have similar sized audience I have 8,000 Facebook fans, you know, 6000 Instagram fans, 15,000 YouTube subscribers but so if you have something similar to that please do contact me, especially if we share a similar audience of heart based solopreneurs. But, but interview people with a similar sized audience so if you have like 300 Instagram followers 300 is I think a lot of you probably have around 300 Instagram followers, then find somebody with also several hundred. So in the hundreds, maybe they have 100, maybe they have 500. But in the hundreds, you know, it's, it's around your size, then that's great if you have, you know, 100 YouTube subscribers, find somebody who has between 50 and 200 YouTube subscribers, you know, so it's like somewhere around your size, reach out to that if they have a similar type of audience so similar sized audience and similar type of audience, meaning you guys have talked to similar types of people, then definitely collaborate just interview each other or at least you reach out and say I'd like to interview you for my YouTube channel for my podcast for my Instagram for my Facebook or whatever, or at all these places. And, you know, just be genuine about it and you know make make it a good experience for them. And chances are, they will probably share you interviewing them to their audience to, and their audience will discover you as a result of that, right. And if, you know, if it feels appropriate to them they might interview you back, but not everyone can or has that kind of collaborative awareness, and that's okay but you still help somebody out that by, and by the way, it can help you grow your audience because they probably will share it forward as well. But here's the thing, even if somebody doesn't interview you back. I always like to say, your audience at some point will probably discover that person, maybe, and not that everyone from your audience will suddenly go to that person and stop paying attention to you that's not the case. You become known as a, as a hub, as my good friend, Tad Hargrave always talks about hub marketing, check out his website marketing for hippies.com. You meet a great guy, and lots of helpful content. So, you become a hub by interviewing other people, people go wow you are someone who can connect me with other wonderful experts and resources. So, if someone is, if your audience is eventually going to discover someone might as well be through you.  So, the principles of getting discovered, authentic content on a consistent basis, paid ads, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, one or all three of them, and collaborations, right collaborations. So, that's the second principle is discover, discoverability the third principle is being resonant resonance. So, it's great that you are starting to build a community of people who pay attention to your content. Now it's even more important that you talk to your fans individually if you can, you know, try to try to have a conversation. In a month try to have a conversation to look with like two to four to six of your fans one to one, and find out of all the skills that you have, which ones do they think is the most monetizable. So yes, go ahead and make a list, bullet point list of all the skills that you could offer in your business. I'll talk to you can the bullet point list of all those skills. And when you talk to each fan one to one, ask them a favor, hey, any favor. Look at this list and tell me which, like, look at these 15 bullet points is there one or two of them that immediately pop out to you to say, Yeah, you should offer that as a service, because I can think of a friend who could who could use that. Right. And then if they say, Ah, this one is really good or that one is really good. And further ask them the question. What is on, you know, how I could pack any many thoughts you have about how I package this up for example, have you bought in that's what you would ask them. Have you bought anything, or do you know friends of yours who have bought something bought a service related to that particular skill or area. And if so, who did they buy it from like our research how they offer it. You know, so that's market research. Right. And being resonant means that you are offering a product or a service that your fans go, Oh my gosh, this is great. I can immediately think of friends that can I can send this to, or this is great for me. Right. So so many, I see so many solopreneurs, even if they build a community and audience, they're selling things that their audience doesn't want. They're selling things that their audience goes well that's nice but I don't have a need for that. And that's why it's so important for for thinking about this third principle of resonance, which is to talk to as many of your fans as possible to find out which of your skills. They're most excited to prefer their friends to you. Okay. So the fourth principle, and I'll summarize everything at the end but the fourth principle is being joyful. And all of this, right, being consistent, being discovered, being resonant takes a lot of effort takes a lot of work. Right. And authentic business is a business that it's worthwhile in and of itself to do to make progress on. We are not just in this for the money. Obviously, if you do a good job with with these different principles I talked about you will make money. You're going to get plenty of clients. But that's not making money, and even getting clients isn't necessarily what we're in for. Of course, you probably said well I'm in it to serve the clients. I love doing my work. But wait a minute. Before you get to that point of doing the work with clients there's all this other work you have to do. Are you going to suffer and begrudgingly do all these things that are necessary for the clients to discover and trust you and be resonant with you. All this other work there's more work to be done than you do serving clients. Did you know that that someone not tell us to you in the life of your business, most of the work you're doing is before you serve clients.  That's not most of our schedule in the business. Most of our schedule is doing things like doing marketing, doing administrative work, doing planning, doing follow up, doing all this tech work, you know, tweaking some tech thing here or there. Prework that is necessary before clients discover us and trust us enough to say I'll sign up with you and then you have to follow up with them all that stuff. All that work. How do you approach all that other work just just try to do it as fast as possible because you you resent that work. I mean, you could but that's how a lot you'll do or you can say, wait a second, this is my life. Most of my working hours are spent not with clients. That's the reality of most businesses. So therefore, how can I bring joy. How can I bring meaning. How can I bring presence and spirit to all of that time and effort that I spend in work. That's your opportunity to bring joy and presence and spirit and your values to doing all of that to breathe grace and curiosity and growth into everything that you do in your business. That way your entire business can be joyful, not just the time that you get to serve your clients and talk to them and be so happy you're talking to them. You're fine. Of course, that's, but all these other time to. So being consistent helps with all of this that's the first principle being consistent dedicating yourself to the practice of showing up for your for your content for your clients for the administrative work, being consistent, being discovered and understanding that's the very important thing that you got to keep doing being resonant talking to your, your fans about what skills you should monetize and being joyful through all of that because it's possible to be joyful through all of it. So I hope this is helpful I hope this is inspiring for you to kind of set you on a more authentically joyful and successful path. Thanks for watching and I always look forward to your comments and any brief questions. Take care.


So this right here is a sound sensor. We can also call it a microphone, but I think with arduino's and sound sensors They're usually not really good. They have record really crappy frequencies nothing near a professional microphone So we call them sound sensors due to the effect Just like most arduino Modules it has a positive a negative and then in this case we have two different signal wires We've got the yellow which is a digital and the one that has nothing on it here Which is an analog digital is always very minimal information It's usually just high or low one or zero versus analog where you get a whole scale of results So I'm guessing analog you would use to get exactly how high the sound is or what kind of frequencies you're getting out of the Mic we're digital what we're gonna do is we're just gonna see if it's loud or not using this blue box here We're gonna change the sensitivity of the sound module and then from there We can tell it went to trigger and tell the yellow wire. Hey, something's loud Now I don't want to just do that and just put on the screen one or zero loud or not whatever be pretty boring So I have this little fan module right here And when I clap or when I make a loud noise I want the fan to turn on and then the next time there's a loud noise I want it to turn off all you're gonna need is the three cables for your sound sensor And then my fan module comes with two wires already soldered in but you probably just need to Then all you need is an Arduino and you're ready to go the sound sensor Like always is gonna plug into the five-volt with the red cable. So that's right over here And then we're gonna plug into the ground right next to it And then the yellow cable is gonna go into any of the digital pins. I'm gonna put it into seven We're gonna take our fan module here. I have a piece of tape because it keeps falling over I'm gonna tape to the table here quickly We're gonna plug in the ground into a ground port Then we're gonna plug in power Into Let's say pin number six. I just have to plug in my Arduino Into my computer and now we can see everything has power if I turn off my LED in my room here We could see there's one red light on our sound sensor And I'm gonna actually take it and rub my finger across the microphone And you can see that LED there is flashing on and off It's currently flashing when I hear is a really loud sound which in this case is My finger smashing on the mic kind of like if I did this We're gonna open up the Arduino editor and we're right away gonna jump into it just make sure you go to tools and Ports and choose the right port in this case. I'm on port six where my Arduino's plugged in if you get errors about your board Just make sure you're choosing the right board First thing we're gonna do is we're gonna tell it what ports things are plugged into so we have our sound sensor And that is plugged into Port number seven so we're just gonna do that and then we have our fan which is plugged into 126 we're also gonna want to hold a value called the boolean So that's like a true or false and we're gonna call that fan status And that's pretty much going to be if the fans on or not So if this is true fan will turn on if it's false fan will turn off Then we got to go and tell the board that we have two pins that we're going to be using so we use this thing called pin mode We're gonna take our sound sensor. So let's just copy paste that And let's copy paste this line do that We're gonna have to tell the pin mode how we're gonna use the pin So in this case the sound sensor pin is gonna be an input While this is going to be an output because we're putting out power to the fan Just make sure you end with so many colons and that's all you need to do in there Next step is to put stuff in our loop. This is what loops once the original setup function runs So the setup is just the initial things that happen right away when the app starts or when the machine starts So the computer starts whatever you want to call it and the loop is what loops over and over and over as it's on So here we have a couple things to do first thing we have to do is pull the results from our sound sensor every X amount of time. So I'm gonna go and make a value here called data And we're going to be doing digital read since it's the digital module and grab sound Sensor and then we're gonna go and right away jump into our if statement where we're gonna check if our data is Equal to one so one would be loud We're hearing noise and then if we went if data equals zero it would be when the mic is quiet So one thing you can also do is just Make it so that if data equals one turn on the fan if data equals zero turn off the fan And then you'd have to scream into the mic consistently. We're just going to check fan status. Whoops right over here if fan status equals false We're going to tell it to take fan status And turn it into true and Then we have to use our digital right and Tell it to take the fan that's plugged into port number six and Put it on high so high is because it's an output port. We're going to be telling it to put out power You can see here. We're reading From an input port right sound sensor is our input port, but now we're going to be output We're going to be using our output port. So we're going to be out porting power using digital right So if we had an LED on the same pin, we would use digital right Digital right is when you're putting out power through a digital port now all we got to do is tell it else So if it's not data one, then we need to take fan status make it equal to false and Oops So what we have working right now? Well, I should go first and I don't delay Let's make it a 10th of a millisecond a 10th of a second What's happening in the sound sensor? It's going to tell us one or zero higher low if it's loud or not If it's loud We're going to check if fan status is on or off if the current if the fan is currently on We're going to go into the else and turn it off if the fan is currently off We're going to go into here and we're going to turn it on and we're also going to set our flag here Fan status to be true or on because on the next time we're going to have to turn it off So what we're doing with this fan status is just keeping on the side a Value that we can look at and it won't get reset when the whole loop happens because as you know If you don't know when you run a loop anything between the loop brackets gets reset on the next iteration So if you want to keep something You know, you want to keep a note about something that is inside the loop You're going to want to hold it outside the loop We got these brackets right here and fan status is not inside of them So it won't get reset every time the loop resets now All we got to do is compile and send that to our Arduino. It seems like it's working. Let's go to the Arduino quickly and Test it all out. First thing you want to do is make sure this fan is taped down This fan is a little buggy. So hopefully it doesn't forget. Oh, I must activate it there So the fan is currently spinning and if I go to the microphone again and make some noise on it Oh, it turns off if I go and I guess it's not loud enough. Oops. I'm bending it No, I'm turning it on and off. There we go. Now it's on whoo finally It's really goddamn hot here in Canada. So this useless fan. I wish it did something All right, so we got some air going we put our fingers on it You can see it stops and starts again, and we're gonna take our sensor and just Turn it off. Boom. Beautiful If you're interested in learning more about sensors more about our aduinos Or you just want to see me build funny robots where I torture myself Look at my recent videos.  You're killing me The video where I took a Roomba and it made dirt on the floor and there we go. It works It's alive.  Hey, I'm working currently with a Magnetic sensor and I don't know how it works or how to use it. Can you please teach me? And I'll make a video about that this video helped you out Please give it a like and we subscribe to the channel and I'll see you in tomorrow's stream Where we'll finish our LED clock that we're building that's taken us way too long. Thanks for being here everyone. I really appreciate it


To get yourself from where you are to where you want to be, you need to take 100% responsibility for your life, stop complaining and blaming others, clarify your life purpose by writing it down and repeating it every day, make concrete plans, use the power of visualization to believe in yourself and have the attitude of who is successful already. Take something good from any experience and let go of the negative past. Forgive yourself. Transform your inner critic into an inner coach who helps you remove any mental and emotional blocks. Make a commitment to lifelong learning. Surround yourself with different kinds of support teams and long lasting relationships by telling the truth and practice appreciation. By focusing on saving and investments, you'll develop a more positive money consciousness. Trust your intuition and deepen it through meditation. Start now and don't forget to empower others in the process.


overall how do you assess the way you threw the ball this afternoon yeah I thought there's a lot of good out there I thought for the most part we did a nice job and just I just want that slider back it it seemed like there was a lot of frustration when you left was it simply just not executing yeah I mean it's just such a bad pitch and then I got into the hole against Vladdy who worked it well and last fastball was not totally you know competitive event and really even pressure a take on him so you know I just I just wanted to finish a little better and obviously to have held the lead there so Aaron Boone mentioned you going to your change-up at times how much did that pitch help you in the middle innings there yeah I thought it was a I thought it was a good offering in some situations where we could be a bit unpredictable and there was a bit of hit and miss with the slider today you know there's really good ones and then some poor ones got away with a few until to Oscar so I thought the change-up was a good mix there and some situations where you know we maybe normally would have leaned on on something but like the slider but you know wasn't totally executing it quite as well it bought us a couple strikes I thought


The National Broadcasting Company and its affiliated stations present the Pacific story. In the mounting fury of world conflict, events in the Pacific are taking on ever greater importance. Here is the story of the Pacific and the millions of people who live around this greatest sea. The drama of the people whose destiny is at stake in the Pacific war. Here is the tale of the war in the Pacific and its meaning to us and to the generations to come. The story comes to you as another public service with drama of the past and present and commentary by Dr. Robert J. Koerner. He's either professor of history at the University of California and authority on Russian affairs. Going down to the sea, think of what the Mississippi has meant to the development of the United States. Mississippi has meant to the Midwest, the Armore River has meant to Soviet Asia and Manchuria. Today it is the boundary between them and over its swirling waters men have struggled for supremacy. Nations have fought, cities have been signed. Today both sides of it bristle with arms. The Russians to the north of it, the Japanese to the south. Think of a river 3,000 miles long. That's as long as the distance across the United States. Think of a river navigable for 2,000 miles. That's equivalent of the United States to sailing up Chesapeake Bay and continuing all the way to Kansas City. For centuries Russia traditionally has had an urge to the sea. For years Russia has fought for safe access to the White Sea, the Baltic, the Mediterranean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific. Almost landlocked, almost hemmed in, she has sought for strategic frontiers to assure access to the sea. Like those in Finland and the Baltic states. Like those around the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. And like those around the Armore River in northeast Asia. The Armore is a vital outlet of Soviet Asia to the Pacific. We must see that it is secure. This has been the point of view of the Russians since they pushed eastward along Siberia's network of rivers and fortages before the pilgrims landed in America. They pushed eastward from European Russia toward the Pacific. Along the rivers they built trading posts, which today are towns and cities. When they arrived at the Pacific, they found they had opposition over the Armore River. You are trespassing on the land of the Manchu Emperor. This is Chinese soil. The territory of the Tsar extends to the banks of the Armore River. Both China and Russia knew that a satisfactory boundary between them would have to be established. Their ministers met to settle the dispute. When the conference was over in 1689, Russia had been forced to withdraw to align well north of the Armore River. This settlement will prevent war between the Empire of China and the Empire of Russia. But at what price? We could do nothing else. China is too strong. It has deprived us of the use of the Armore River. The Chinese now control both sides of the Armore. It stood like this for more than a century and a half. From the Imperial Russian Court came an enterprising soldier of fortune, Muravya. Stop! Stop! One at a time! One at a time! We are isolated here. That is the reason. We are not permitted to go near the Armore River. So we do not know what is happening beyond our own villages. Yes, it is as if we are exiled here. If we could use the river, we could reach the Pacific easily. It is the Chinese who are preventing us from using the Armore. So it is the Chinese who are preventing us from developing this wonderful country. We must come to a satisfactory settlement of the use of the Armore with the Chinese. That was the start of the negotiations, but ten years passed. Ten years of bickering and dickering before China seated Russia, the left bank of the Armore. The Chinese withdrew to the south bank of the river. The Russians moved down to its north bank. The Armore became the boundary between Russia and China. And the Russians began to use it as a highway of water. The Armore was closed to all but Russian and Chinese boats. They plied up and down its 2,000 navigable miles, carrying the products of the vast plains of East Asia, and more important, carrying people, opening up new territories. And now the possibilities of Asiatic Russia fired the imagination of far-seeing Russians. We should build a railroad from European Russia to the Pacific. Across 5,000 miles of unexplored wilderness. No, no, no, no. Asiatic Russia is more than a wilderness. No, Muradiov, it is only a limitless way. No, it is rich in resources. And it will provide us an outlet to the Pacific. An outlet 5,000 miles away? No, Muradiov, the cost is beyond us. Siberia is a precious fortress. Siberia is worthless. Let us think of ways to solve our problems here at home without going 5,000 miles to find more. It will give us access to the sea. Let us think about access to the sea through the Dardanelles. That is the way it went on. But gradually, other Russians saw eye to eye with Muradiov. Muradiov is right. Siberia is a land of great potential wealth. That is true. We should build a railroad to the Pacific. Yes, look at this map. We could build it from here in central Russia to here, the headwaters of the Amur. Here the travelers could transfer to the boats and sail down the 2,000 miles of the Amur to the Pacific. The value of the Amur was beginning to reveal itself. The Amur winding 2,000 miles into the interior of Asia. At last it was decided. We will start building the railroad from both the east and the west. The main efforts will be here in the west, from European Russia. And here in the east, we will start building from Vladivostok. The Russians, little skilled at this time in engineering and mechanics, undertook bravely the enormous task of building the longest railroad in the world, 5,700 miles from European Russia to the Pacific. In another 10 days we will have to quit building for this season. We have only been building 120 days this year. We must continue with it. It is impossible. We cannot build a railroad in this climate. 120 days of building each year. Then months of dragging supplies and equipment over the snow and ice. Then another 120 days of building. Meantime there were other difficulties. We were expanding great sums of gold to lay 18 single tracks t-line through a wilderness. There is small assurance that we will ever get our money back again. That's what the banker said. But the building went on. After five years of work, your foot was reached. Across rivers, over ridges, through tunnels, the building continued. Now it was at Nierchinsk. And from here travelers could transfer to boats on the Amur. It is like the Pacific reaching up to Verkham. Welcome. The Pacific is 2,000 miles away. Miles? It is the same as if the Pacific were right here. We have conquered the miles between the Pacific and Europe. They reached the headwaters of the Amur with their thin thread of steel from European Russia. But the railroad itself had not yet reached the Pacific. Look at this map. He points to the Great Bend to the north of the Amur River. If the Trans-Siberian Railroad is to stay in Russian territory, it must run along the north bank of the bend, here. But if we could save 350 miles, if we could cut straight across this bend. Well that would be through Chinese territory. Perhaps we could make a deal with China. They made the deal with China. The shortcut was built across Manchuria. But now the Trans-Siberian had a link, not under the control of Russia. No, we must build the Trans-Siberian entirely on Russian soil along the north bank of the Amur. And this at last was done. And the Russians had the longest railroad in the world. For 1500 miles, it ran along the Amur River. This means that our lifeline to the Pacific runs within a stone's throw of the Amur. At all costs, Russia must retain control of the Amur. By this time, complications had set in. Japan had risen as a power in the Pacific. In 1894, she had defeated the Chinese. Until this time, Russia faced China across the Amur. Now Japan was beginning to dream. A lout of expansion to the mainland of Asia. Of expansion to Manchuria. Already the irons were in the fire for the coming Russo-Japanese war. Within Japan, a secret society was forming to promote this war. Its name, the Amur River Society. Destined to become known around the world as the Black Dragon. Our objective is to advance Japan's frontier to the Amur. Amur is a manchew word, taken over by the Russians. The Chinese name for the Amur is Heilung Hyun, or Black Dragon. Our immediate mission is to advocate for war with Russia. The Japanese zealots started beating the drums for war against Russia. Money to carry on the agitation came from unknown sources. Look at this propaganda put out by the Black Dragon Society. It says that we have encroached upon Manchuria. This means that the Japanese have designs upon Manchuria themselves. Yes, they have established seminaries to train young Japanese to speak Russian. Such a campaign as this costs money. Who is putting it up? It is apparent that there is certain interest in Japan are putting it up. So that is it. Someday we may be facing the Japanese across the Amur instead of the Chinese. For three years the Black Dragon Society agitated. Then, as suddenly as the Japanese struck in World War II at Pearl Harbor, they struck at Port Arthur in Manchuria in 1904. Admiral Togo has bundled up Russia's Pacific Fleet at Port Arthur and has paralyzed Russia's Pacific Seaford. The Russians sent their Grand Fleet from the Baltic Sea half way around the world to Vladivostok. Togo has destroyed the Russian Grand Fleet in a furious sea battle in the state of Tsushima. Of the 38 ships in the Russian Grand Fleet, only one... In effect, after the Russo-Japanese War, Manchuria came more and more under the influence of Japan. The Japanese penetrated it economically. Now they were moving up closer and closer to face the Russians across the Amur River. The Amur became more than a mere river. It became an area of tension. The Amur is a vital outlet of Soviet Asia to the Pacific. We must see that it is secure. By the time World War I was over, this had become a policy of the Soviets. Water with Japan is inevitable. We must take all measures to prepare for it. We must build up an autonomous army in the Far East, independent and separate from the armies of European Russia. Also, we must build up and develop the industries of Soviet Asia. And if we are to do this, we can no longer depend on the single track of the Trans-Siberian River. We must take immediate steps to double track the Trans-Siberian. And when this is completed, we shall then re-examine the entire problem of Far Eastern supply. And if it develops that we shall need more transportation, then we must take appropriate steps. It became a race. The Japanese penetrating economically deeper and deeper into Manchuria. Closer and closer to the Amur River. The Russians developing industrially the Amur River region and all Soviet Asia. The villages of yesterday along the Amur River became important towns and cities. This is the city of Nikolayevsk, the most important city near the mouth of the Amur. Here we have built a big oil refinery, fish canneries and naval construction plants. This is the city of Komsomolsk. We call it the city of youth because it was built by Russian youth. 60% of our population of 300,000 is less than 30 years of age. But more important at Komsomolsk, the first Soviet warships built in the Far East were launched. Komsomolsk was developed into a big scale production center and the waters of the Amur wash its shores. This is the city of Habovsk on the Amur River more than 500 miles from the mouth and here we are making. This is the city of Blagovieshchensk, more than 12,000 miles from the mouth of the Amur river. And here we are, vigorous, vital cities growing up on a new frontier. Drawing from the rich resources of the lands behind them. Strong, determined cities growing up in what was the least densely settled region of Siberia, of Soviet Asia. Resourceful, enterprising cities growing up to play an important role in a strategic center. River cities overlooking the approaching Japanese across the street. In the dead of night, the Japanese struck Manchuria at Mukden. The world awoke one morning to find that Japan was no longer rattling the saber but had unsheathed it and was slashing brutally mercilessly through Manchuria. The Japanese took the strategic centers of Manchuria almost before anyone but they knew what was happening. While the world looked unastonished, they occupied all of Manchuria as they had planned for more than 30 years. They moved up to the Amur river and across its waters, Russia and Japan silently pondered each other. This was 1932 and that year some news came out that indicated that Russia had not been caught napping. Hmm, hey, this is interesting. Russia's building another railroad to the Pacific. Another Trans-Siberian? Apparently. They don't say very much about it. They're calling it the B-A-N, the Bikolomor trunk line. How far along are they with building it? Well, that seems to be a secret. Yeah. Probably part of their second five-year plan. That's what it was. World observers saw the significance of the new railroad. Saw why the Russians had kept it a secret. You see, the Trans-Siberian railroad is double-tracked. The two sets of tracks do not run next to each other. No, they're not putting all their eggs in one basket. But both tracks on the Trans-Siberian have their terminus at Radovostok. That's bad. Very bad. Considering the nearness of the Japanese, yes. That's why they built the B-A-M. That's good sense. Where's the terminus of the B-A-M? Well, the B-A-M reaches Komsomolsk on the Armo River and goes on to a smaller port, Soviet harbor. In fact, the under Pacific. So if the Japanese should knock out the terminus of the Trans-Siberian at Radovostok, the Russians would still have the B-A-M at Komsomolsk. Yes, you see, Komsomolsk on the Armo River is the same as having a port right on the Pacific. Slowly it was revealed. While Japan was raffling the saber for Manchuria, Russia was getting ready to defend Soviet Asia on the Armo River. And behind the waters of the Armo River, a hundred miles north of the river, Russia was building heavy installations in the fastness of Siberia. Stand back a little. They are about to pour the metal. What is that molten metal? That is ingot steel. Look. What remarkable machinery you have here. It was made in Leningrad and Magnitogorsk and brought all the way out here to the Amur. Thousands and thousands of miles. Distance is not a great factor in an industrial development of this size. No, not when there's the will to do it. To us it is a matter of being realistic. So we have built cork ovens and open hearth furnaces and all the other facilities of a steam mill. But do you have enough coking coal available here? We have a billion tons of coking coal. And we have our air road spool to bring it directly here to the steel mills on the Amur. When the Japanese moved up to the Armo River after they had seized Manchuria, the Russians had made great strides in the Armo River region. The Japanese flanked Soviet Asia's Maritime provinces, placed themselves in a position to strike directly eastward and cut off Vladivostok. But Soviet Russia was growing in strength and the Armo River, the Russians and the Japanese blowered at each other. The tension was growing. This may be the straw that breaks the camel's back over there on the Amur River. You mean Japan grabbing those Russian islands and the Amur? Yeah, near a blag over your sense. What do you think the Russians can do about it? Nothing right now. They're too busy with their purge. The rattling of the Japanese sabre was getting louder again. A month after they seized the Japanese struck down into China, while other Japanese forces faced the Russians across the Amur. Looks like Russia ought to come to China's rescue if only for her own sake. Russia can't do that right now. Remember, Japan has joined with Germany in the anti-common-turn pact. So, Russia is flanked by her two bitterest enemies, Nazi Germany and Japan. You mean that if Russia jumped on Japan that Nazi Germany might jump on Russia? Who can tell? But beyond the Amur, the Russians went on developing their industries. Japan was carrying on a war, a costly war against China. A war that Japan had not contemplated would take so long, or cost so much. Russian sentries looked across the river to the Japanese sentry. In 1938... Severe fighting has broken out between the Japanese and the Russians at Changkopang Hill near the eastern Siberian border. Reports from the scene of the outbreak indicate the Russians are inflicting heavy losses upon the Japanese. And the next year, fateful 1939, still worse fighting broke out between the Japanese and the Russians at Noamon Han. You see, Russia can take a stronger position against Japan now, because Russia and Nazi Germany are moving toward a non-aggression pact. That was confidential information. And when the non-aggression pact was signed, precipitating the war in Europe, Japan's strength and greater confidence stored the Japanese across the Amur. The friction increased, but America continued to go to the Amur River region for business. But not until Pearl Harbor did Americans see the vital and strategic importance of this region to them. Are you thinking of the Amur River region in terms of air bases against the Japanese? Not only that. That region has become a center of agriculture and industrial development. But that's likely to diminish after the war. It is more likely that it will develop more. There is more rehabilitation of the post-war world. European Russia will need its grain, its coal, its lumber. And we of America must regard the Amur River region as one of the most important developments of this century. We must regard it as part of the new world that is growing up around the Pacific. Think of a river 3,000 miles long. As long as the distance across the United States. Think of a river navigable for 2,000 miles. As long as from Chesapeake Bay to Kansas City. The river is a boundary between two rival nations and is a vital outlet to the Pacific. And Russia's position becomes clear. At all costs. We must see that the Amur is secure. The sixth longest river, the natural barrier between Soviet Asia and Manchuria, washes the dark mud from the Siberian plains and the pine forests down to the sea. And over it, blood has been spilled for centuries. These are the facts. The most important thing to tell their significance is Dr. Robert J. Kerner. Say their professor of history, University of California, and authority on Russian affairs. Dr. Kerner. This evening, you have heard something of the colorful story of the Amur River and the valley through which it flows to the Pacific. The discovery of the Amur River has meant to the Russians the acquisition of a highway to a great sea, the Pacific. In other words, easy access to the sea, one of the age-long yearnings of the Russian people. It will be remembered that they expanded down the rivers and across the portages in their country to reach the seas and that their enemies sought desperately to keep them away or to cut them off from the seas in order to conquer them or to keep them in their power. Russian desire to obtain and to retain the Amur is an important part of that story. Access to the seas means to the Russians the opportunity to be an independent people and to play a part in the world. The Russians reached the Pacific at Okhotsk in 1639 and they soon heard about the Great River far the south. They discovered it, explored it and lost it to the Manchu rules of China in the next half century. For nearly two centuries thereafter that is from 1689 to 1860 they were excluded from the river while their possession of Kamchatka and Alaska became precarious because they were accessible to the Russians only by a long and dangerous journey of 12 or more months over land or by sailing halfway around the globe. Lacking the Amur the Russians endeavored to establish a colony in California at Fort Ross as a source of food supply for Alaska and eastern Siberia in order to fight the ravages of Skirby. It was Governor General Count Muravyov later called Muravyov-Amborsky because he regained the Amur for the Russians between 1850 and 1860 who foresaw what must be the basic policy of Russia a policy which today is as sound as it was a century ago. In short, Russia he said must acquire the Amur river in order to make sure of her access to the Pacific she must get rid of Alaska to the United States because he foresaw Russia and the United States would be friends in the future she must maintain close relations with China and watch with an eagle eye what might take place in Korea Manchuria, Mongolia and Sinkyang which bordered on Russia's precarious route to the Pacific if a hostile power control these regions Russia's access to the Pacific would be insecure if not impossible the building of the trans-Siberian after 1891 near the southern border of Siberia and supplementing the river system again emphasized the same problem with the rise of Japan and her policy of driving a wedge between Russian, Siberia and China by dominating first Korea then Manchuria and then eastern inner Mongolia with wide reaching plans determining the fate of Mongolia and Sinkyang the Japanese hoped to accomplish two things to cut Russia off from the Pacific and to dominate China for these reasons United States aware that such a policy if successful would endanger its position on the Pacific transformed in 1918 the proposed single-handed Japanese intervention in Siberia into an international expedition guaranteeing at the same time the territorial integrity and open door of Russia it was clearly recognized how difficult would be our position on the Pacific if Russia were eliminated and Japan held eastern Siberia became the neighbor of Alaska and dominated Asia including China India and the islands in the western Pacific the Soviet Union realized the significance of the Amur and its basin and strenuously began to develop it as a great agricultural industrial base or independent or autonomous military naval and air forces which were to make sure eastern Siberia would not be lost in any future conflict the Soviet Union is determined to have as Molotov put it the outpost of power on the Pacific to us this is notice that Japan shall not have eastern Siberia and it is this territory which may become a base of action against Japan when Germany is finally knocked out of the ring the conference of Cairo which called for the elimination of Japan land of Asia is wholly in harmony with the basic postulate of Soviet policy in Asia and on the Pacific the story of the Amur touches Russians deeply it also has great significance for us Americans thank you Dr. Robert J. Kerner you have been listening to the Pacific story presented by the national broadcasting company and its affiliated independent stations as a public service to clarify events in the Pacific and to make understandable the crosscurrents of life in the Pacific basin a reprint of the Pacific story program is available at the cost of ten cents send ten cents in stamps or coins to University of California Press Berkeley, California we repeat a reprint of the Pacific story program is available at the cost of ten cents send ten cents in stamps or coins to University of California Press Berkeley, California the story is written and directed by Arnold Marquess the original musical score was composed and conducted by Thomas Paluso your narrator, Gaine Whitman this program came to you from Hollywood this is the national broadcasting company


How are you guys doing? Are you excited? I Am I'm very high for you can't believe it all right, well Why are we here? Let's ask ourselves this question. Well, many of us are here because the Companies that were work the industries for work are being disrupted and very often not just by technologies But by the organizations and companies that probably did not exist just a few years ago so It's not a question of if it's a question of when a major wave of disruption being driven by artificial intelligence by robotics a blockchain you name it gonna hit an organization department a line of business so You may say many of you say oh, we're gonna become a software company, right? We're not making gadgets anymore so well great, however, it does not mean that Being a software company you're immune from disruption right many software companies try to Change their business model on the fly while flying six hundred miles an hour. It's not easy You may say oh, we're gonna build ups quickly. We've got cloth laundry. Well, it does not mean that ability of building ups quickly Gonna give the organization something that you can count on for years to come as a new revenue source Some other of you may say hey We know the customers very well We know all the lean startup all of that right we we're gonna develop them needs. We're gonna build killer apps. Well That's great. However, it does not mean that you can continuously every year every up after up after up Nailing it and making sure that is it's actually killer up So is there anything that we can learn from the cloth laundry platform pioneers that went before us and There are quite a lot of different platforms out there Made with cloth laundry I be in bloomings is one such a great platform. It's it's a it's a great for many industries, right? It's not just Applies for one specific thing right it's very wide But then we have platforms like Nexen being built at BNY melon, right? It's built for financial services specifically by a bank so Lot of different variations. We also have interesting platforms like Jeep predicts ties End-to-end all the way from hardware and sensors for the first time ever You can build an app in a few hours that ties a sensor from a real hardware in a secure manner and have an up in your palm Right a mobile app or up on the on the Vap But let me ask you a question if you are an app developer Would you like G to start selling your app that you may have built over the few days or weeks? Very quickly and very cheaply and inexpensively and you just get there maybe you would and That leads to a conclusion I would like to make here is that the disruptive force is not just the Applications or technologies that are the trends the artificial intelligence or blockchain or sharing how many what have you it's also Multiplied by the thousands and sometimes millions of developers that very often you just simply cannot afford to employ directly To keep building to innovate for you and keep building those killer apps that your customers want and need right so How will the app stores and those up platforms that we're building here together Will look in a few years from now. Well, we can just learn from platforms like app stores from Apple from Google the play market and the one that's very B2b no B2c related up store from the sales force from up exchange So we can make those conclusions and How how do we know it all torus about all of this? Why? Why am I so confident about this the reason why is because we've been helping some of the Greatest companies out there to digitize their revenue streams and figure out how they actually compete moving forward We've been doing a lot of work on top of the cloud funny platforms Both the the open source and those that are many of you are using great platforms with amazing capabilities we're putting them to work and Within the customers that we are working with we've been very lucky to work with some of the market leaders in Select industries, and I would like to show you some of the examples of the apps that the platforms that we're helping them build Which one will be this platform in an up store for DNA analysis in the cloud DNA is a big file And if you can put the apps like bees on top of the file, it's great, right? Another example is platform in up store for managed private cloud We're working together with Verizon to build an end-to-end offering for managed service Where you can choose data centers. You can choose compliance. You can choose network You can choose interconnect to Azure to AWS and then you can have it all available to use a service with disaster recovery and CLA and SLA guarantees. So But I'm here to ask you for a favor Everything might be great in where you work, but I would like to ask you for something Cloud Foundry is also a technology and like just like everything else. No exception. It's subject to disruption So under great leadership of Sam Ramji, we we've been very lucky to have him as a leader of the Cloud Foundry community We have a mission to make love fundry the platform of choice for application development Worldwide and I would like to ask you to help us at Alturas to do a few things that we can to help push this whole Thing forward and have a greater chance of fulfilling the mission One we can incentivize industry Specific contributions of our members we can call for smaller companies bigger companies to bring Contributions that related to specific industries next we can widen the workload support. It's so great to see New type of workloads becoming first-class citizens on call foundry like TCP Support that GE has worked on like UDP. You will see you will hear in a few minutes about that We need more of that Third we can standardize some of the workloads in some of the industries to become standard and Across the whole industries like like utility metering when you when you when you when you get a bill right for your electric These these formats of data that flies in how much who consumed it's not been standardized only a few states have been Standardizing we can help standardize that and Finally, please help us to work hard to make sure that Cloud Fundry becomes the standard de facto standard for smart cities in Industry 4.0 for all the national and global initiatives out there They could put Cloud Fundry on a completely different level when it comes to adoption by those who may not even care what's inside and Why we do all of that because together as a community we're very strong and A rising tide can lift all boats at the end We all benefit as long as we all work together to fulfill the mission and last but not least I would like to I'm very happy to make an announcement That today Altaurus launches the on-demand Cloud Fundry training Which any of you can go in and apply for better access the link is out there CF dash training that Altaurus That come especially those of you who today could not get in into the training because we've seen so many people That couldn't because that was completely sold out so with that I would like to thank you and wish you a great show


Family Theatre presents Edmund Gwynne and Dick Contino from Hollywood, the mutual network in cooperation with Family Theatre presents the story of Little Tree starring Edmund Gwynne and here is your host Dick Contino. Thank you Tony Lafranco. Family Theatre's only purpose is to bring to everyone's attention a practice that must become an important part of our lives. If we are to win peace for ourselves, peace for our families, and peace for the world, Family Theatre urges you to pray. Pray together as a family. And now to our transcribed drama, The Story of Little Tree starring Edmund Gwynne as Grandpa. Hurry Grandpa, just over there still is that little creek I was telling you about. Hurry! Yeah, yeah, hold on a minute Janey, that creek isn't going anywhere. Oh, it'll still be there whether we run or walk. How old are you anyway Grandpa? Hmm, old enough to know better than to take any more of your sandy hikes with you young lady. Now, where's this brook you were telling me about? Right over here. See? Just over this bank. Oh, oh yes, yes, yes, perfect spot to rest. What? Rest again? Again? When did we rest the first time? Well, you were talking about it just a minute ago. Yes, well, suppose we do it this time, hmm? Yeah, it looks like a good place. Ah, now that's, that's more like it. Grandpa, can I wait in the water? Oh no, no, no, my dear, better not today Janey.  Shocks, why does everyone have to get all dressed up? Just because it's Easter. This is a very special day Janey. People dress up because they're glad it's Easter. I'm not glad. I'd rather go waiting. Oh, but you ought to be glad, my dear. Why, even nature gets all dressed up for the occasion. Ah. Yes, yes, well, just look, look round you. The flowers are all budding and beginning to bloom. The grass is green for the first time all winter.  Oh, yes, Janey, yes, yes, nature knows it's Easter. Ah, how could grass or trees know about Easter? Why, honey, a tree probably knows more about Easter than any living thing. You mean that this big tree here knows it's Easter? Oh, that's right. Well, just look at it. See all those little leaves? They all face upwards toward the sun. Do you know why they turn that way? Our teacher says they turn up so they can get the sun. Well, she's correct. They need the sunshine to grow. But there's another reason, too, if you care to hear it. Oh, yes. Oh, now you just settle down beside me here and I'll tell you how a tree knows about Easter. Is this a true story, Grandpa? Well, you won't find it written in any history books, but nobody said it didn't happen this way. No. Now, this is about a tree that lived many, many years ago in a land that's quite away from where you and I are sitting now. Yeah.  Oh, he could hardly wait for the day when he would be able to push his head up out of the ground, so the little tree rested and gathered his strength for the big day. And finally, he felt that he could make it. So, bracing himself on his tinier roots, he gave a mighty push. And he popped out of the ground like a jack-in-the-box. Yes. Now, for a few minutes, the bright sunlight dazzled the young tree. But when he got used to it, he looked around. Yes. Oh, he was pleased to see that he was growing on top of a hill with a wonderful view of the countryside. And not far away, he could see a small town and nearby, a highway running into the town. He started to turn and look in the other direction. When he was suddenly startled by a voice that boomed out. Hello there, little tree. He looked up quickly, and there, towering above him just a few yards away, was a huge tree smiling down on him. Oh! No, not quite, I'm afraid. I figure I'm only about 40 feet. But that's high enough, I guess, for I'm really good and strong. And that's what really counts. Gosh, will I ever grow as tall as you? Well, sure you will. Before you know it, too. Just get plenty of sunshine, send your roots down deep, and get lots of nourishment from the air. There's more to this growing business than just standing here, isn't there? Yes, but you'll catch all all right. Besides, I'll be here to help you if you ever need it. Oh, gee, thanks, friend tree. You've helped me a lot already. Gosh, I hope I can remember all the things I'm supposed to do. Well, the days went by, and little tree grew like a weed. By now, he was almost six inches high, and the big tree looked after him like a mother. Every night, he'd keep watch over his small friend until little tree was asleep, and then the big tree, too, would relax and fall asleep. But one night, while they were both sleeping, a great storm broke over the land. Rain spilled over the hilltop as if dumped from giant buckets. Little tree woke with a start and, oh, seized with panic. He could feel himself being torn from the earth by the rushing waters. He was still quite young, you see, JD, and his roots weren't deep enough or strong enough to hold him against the torrents of water that swelled around him. He called frantically to his friend... Help me! Yeah, but the big tree was sound asleep. He enjoyed a good rain song, for he was strong, and the wind and the rain were like a lullaby to him. A howling, gust of wind swept over the hill, bending little tree, almost to the ground. As he straightened up, he shouted once more with all his might. Help! At this time, his big friend heard and looked down. He saw the danger in a moment and quickly brought some of his biggest branches into position over little tree, forming a great umbrella to shield him from the driving rain. Don't try, little tree. Don't try to fight the wind. Sway with the wind. Sway with it. Like me. Watch me. See? Sway with the wind. That's it. You'll make it all right now. The storm's dying down. Close one. Gosh, I've never been so scared in my whole life. Yes, I believe you were. While you turned flight as a birch tree. Well, it didn't take long for little tree to recover from the storm, and as time passed, he developed into a beautiful tree. Actually, he wasn't such a small tree anymore, but his friends still call him little tree and the name seemed to stick. Now, as he grew up, little tree began to think more and more of what might happen to him when he reached the age when he would be of value as lumber, and he and the big tree would wonder about it by the hour. Yes, I've been thinking about it for years, little tree. I'd like to be made into an ox carton, travel about the country, I'd like to see what's beyond those hills in the distance. Oh, I can't decide what I'd like to do. You know, being made into an ox cart would be kind of fun at that tree. Yeah, I hope you get your wish, old friend. Well, I have hopes. Hey, see that rickety old ox cart coming along the road there now? See, it looks like it's about ready to fall apart. That's what I mean. That man's had that old cart for almost 20 years now. And he's ready for a new one. But why do we have to be cut down, made into something at all? Why can't we just keep on growing here like we are? Well, maybe we will.  Oh, shucks, what good are those pesky little bugs that bother us all the time? Well, now don't forget that while they annoy us, they're food for the birds. Yeah, I guess you're right. As usual. Well, the big tree got his wish sooner than he expected. For a few weeks later, a man who owned the old ox cart came with saws and axes to cut him down. Little tree was sorry to lose his friend, but the big tree was so happy that little tree found... he was feeling happy too. Well, goodbye, old friend. I'll wave to you every time you pass by the roadway.  Take good care of yourself. Maybe I'll see you in a big building somewhere. Goodbye. And the man hauled the big tree away toward the town. A little tree was left alone on the hill. Well, the years went by, a little tree became a familiar landmark on the hilltop. By now, he'd gone quite large, and the people of the town always stopped to rest in the cool shady castle. He was happy, for he felt that he was performing a useful service in offering a shady rest haven for the travellers along the road. But one quiet night, a strange thing happened. Little tree was awakened from his sleep by an odd sound. Yeah, it seemed that he could hear music, and yet it was music such as he'd never heard before. It was almost as if the angels themselves were singing. And then, looking about, he saw the brightest star that ever shone, lighting up the heavens. Little tree's leaves were as a thousand eyes, and he turned them all to watch. The star seemed to cast a light down on one small village, some distance away. He heard people speak of the village. It was called Bethlehem. Little tree didn't know or understand what had happened this night, but the wonderful calm seemed to settle over the land, which made him feel that all was right in the world. Well, Janey, the years went by happily for Little Tree. By this time, he was a full-grown, beautiful tree. His trunk was hard, his limbs firm, and his leaves were the greenest of any tree for miles around. Oh, he was happy, yes, but he still couldn't help wondering if he would ever be cut down and made into something useful. I guess it's natural to want to be something other than what you are. Maybe a bridge to carry people across some great river, or maybe a huge temple somewhere. And then, too, it'd be nice to be made into an ox cart like my old friend and get to travel all over the country. But I wouldn't care what it was, just as long as it was something to help people. Oh, well, maybe someday my turn will come. Yes, but men seem quite content to let Little Tree continue his duties as a shade tree. Every day, dozens of people would stop to rest beneath his limbs. Then, one day, a small group of men stopped to rest in the shade under his branches. This was a common occurrence, but somehow Little Tree was attracted to one of the travelers. He was dressed as any other man, but there was something in his face, something about his quiet manner that set him apart from the other man. And of all the hundreds who'd stopped to rest at his feet, this man was the very first to ever pause to admire Little Tree and remark on what a fine tree he was. Yeah, he watched them all as they talked and finally moved on down the road. He thought about them long after they'd gone and he thought especially about the one with a kind face. One evening, as Little Tree was preparing to settle himself for the night, he saw a great storm gathering in the distance. Huge black clouds had already blocked out the sun and the winds swished through his branches, warning the birds to take cover. This looks like a real storm. So Little Tree thought to himself, oh well, storms don't frighten me anymore. I just hope it doesn't blow so hard that it keeps me awake all night. The storm came up quickly, thunder boomed, lightning lit up the sky, and suddenly at the height of the storm, a streak of lightning seared its way from a cloud and struck Little Tree with a mighty crash. His trunk was split almost in two by the blast and he felt the burn to the very tip of his roots. Little Tree was stunned for several minutes. Yeah, but when he was able to move again, he gathered all his strength and tried to hold himself together to last out the storm. He knew he could do nothing to repair the damage until morning, he was too weak. But gradually, yes, gradually the storm passed and morning dawned over a clear sky. All the earth was fresh and glistening. It was a lovely day. Oh, but Little Tree couldn't enjoy it. Now, now he looked at himself in misery.  Oh, oh, if only someone would bind up my trunk with a rope or something to close that terrible gap. I know it would heal. Want someone please help me? Yes, but no one offered to help Little Tree and as the weeks became months, Little Tree grew weaker and weaker. His leaves began to wither and drop away until his once beautiful foliage was all but gone. He began to give up all hope of ever recovering. No one seemed to care whether he lived or not. Then one evening towards dusk, Little Tree noticed a lone man approaching along the road. Even in the twilight he recognized him. It was the man with a kind face who'd admired him that day so long ago. He seemed weary and troubled. As he slumped to the ground to rest, it was so seldom he had company anymore that Little Tree forgot about sleep, kept his eyes on his lonely guests. He watched as the man did a strange thing. He rose to his knees, turned his face toward the heavens and closed his eyes as if he were asleep. And yet he knew he wasn't asleep. No, and so all through the night he watched him puzzled. Just before dawn the man arose and prepared to leave. But then he seemed to notice Little Tree for the first time and looked at him for a long while. Little Tree wished that he could make himself disappear, but he imagined the man must be remembering what a beautiful tree he was when they last met. As he watched, the man placed his hands over the charred hole in the tree trunk. Little Tree felt completely relaxed for the first time in months, and as his visitor walked away toward the town, he fell fast asleep. The next morning he awoke with a start. A great crowd of people had gathered around him. They were looking at him and pointing, and Little Tree looked at himself to see why he was so saddened of such an oddity. And then he looked again. It was amazing. He was exactly as he had been before the storm. His trunk was whole. All his leaves were there. Everything about him was just as it had been in his most beautiful days. He listened to the people up on the road. Yes, yes, and Little Tree agreed. It's like a miracle. It was indeed a miracle. Yeah, and he became the popular landmark on the hilltop once more, with passes by almost stopping to rest in his shade. Yet somehow, in spite of his own happiness, there was an uneasy tension in the air. Little Tree couldn't understand it. No, no people stood about in small groups, muttering to themselves and arguing. Then one day several men were sore, stopped before Little Tree, and began to look at him from all sides. Little Tree thought, oh, surely his big day had come at last, and he went into the birds in his branches. At last, at last I'm going to be made into something. Oh, and it'll be something wonderful. I just know it will. Yeah, but instead of setting their sores in his trunk, the men climbed into his branches and sawed off one of his biggest limbs, and carried it away with him. Little Tree was perplexed. Couldn't understand what they would want to make with just one limb. Wondered about it all the evening. The next day it was still bustling him when he noticed a large procession coming along the road. There were many soldiers and hundreds of men and women, and as they drew nearer, the bark about his trunk stiffened, and he remained still as stone. For there, leading the procession, was the man with the kind face. And then, Little Tree saw what had happened to his limb. It had been used to make a wooden cross. Time and again the man stumbled and fell under the weight of the great cross. But no one tried to help him. No. No, the mob through stones made fun of him. Here, master. Here. Let me help you. Here, there. Away with you. It is too heavy for one man. Let me help him. He needs no help. He is king. He is God. Or so he says. Let him call forth his angels if he needs help. Come, master. Lean on my shoulder. Away, I say. Please, sir. Let me help. I have all the help he needs right here, my whip. See? That's all the help he needs.  I promise you. And I promise you, you'll rue the day you try to interfere. All right. Along with you, king, we have it all day for this business. Come. Maybe a few more stones will hurry him along. Out of no way. Or else you may find yourself in similar straits. Take me. Take me gladly instead of him. How way we have the man we want. But he is innocent. Innocent, you heard Pilate's order. Aye, I heard. He found no fault with him. Then you heard the people's order. They said crucify him. Now be gone that we may carry out justice. Onward! He watched the procession reach the top of the next hill. He could scarce believe his eyes. There he saw erected three crosses. And on one of them, they had nailed the man with a kind face. Little Tree knew that this must surely be the ugliest day in all the world's history. For the first time in his life, Little Tree cried. Until all his leaves were wet from the tears. And soon all the trees in the world knew what had happened. And they cried too. For they all knew of the wonderful thing the man had done for Little Tree. And then what happened, Grandpa? Well, Janie, for two whole days, not a bird sang, not a leaf stirred on the tree, not a cricket chirped. It was as if the whole earth were dead. But on the morning of the third day, that morning was different. Little Tree could feel it from the moment he awoke. The birds were singing, the sunshine was warm, the world was suddenly happy again. And then later, he knew why it was happy again.  Was the man the crowd had nailed to the cross? The man called Jesus. Little Tree was so happy. Waved his branches in the wind, and his leaves all danced with joy. He has come back. He lives, he lives! Little Tree watched as the men stopped beside him. They listened to the man in the kind face he spoke to them for a long time. And then as he spoke, he began to drift gently upward from the earth into the sky. Little Tree turned all his leaves up to watch this amazing thing. He suddenly had a feeling the man was leaving, leaving never to return. And he cried out after him, Please! Please don't go! Though he knew the man would never be able to hear him, a tree speak. And yet somehow the man did seem to hear. For he turned to Little Tree and said, Keep watch for me, Little Tree, for Sunday I shall return. And with that he drifted further and further upward into the sun until he seemed to be lifted into heaven itself. And Little Tree did keep watch. Yes, each day he would turn all his leaves upward toward the sun and follow it closely from dawn to sunset. And soon all the other trees on earth heard what had happened and they too turned their leaves upward, keeping watch with Little Tree. Yes, and so it is that even today every tree turned its leaves upward toward the sun, keeping watch as Little Tree first did centuries ago. This is Dick Contino again. You know, like Little Tree in our story, we all like to feel we can be useful and helpful. And one of the great pleasures in life is knowing that we're useful and helpful and we're taking that mean something. None of us can be happy if we live just for ourselves because the job of living comes from giving. Yes, giving ourselves to something we know is bigger and better, worthier and more enduring than we are. That's why the greatest pleasure in living is giving ourselves to God. When a family joins together to give themselves to God and family prayer, they are united in a joy and happiness that only family prayer can bring. I guess we all know from experience that it's true. Whatever we give to others comes back to us in some way or another. And whatever we give to God comes back a hundredfold. So let's give God a little time in our homes each day. Let's take a little time out to join together with our family for family prayer. Then we'll really know how true it is that the family that prays together stays together. More things are wrought by prayer and this world dreams of. From Hollywood Family Theatre has brought you the story of Little Tree starring Edmund Gwynn. Dick Contino was your host. Others in our cast were Francis X Bushman, Marvin Miller, John Stevenson, Richard Beals, Guy Hamilton, and Kathy Johnson. The script was written by William Lutz with music composed and conducted by Harry Zimmerman and was directed and transcribed for Family Theatre by John T. Kelly. This series of Family Theatre broadcasts as possible by the thousands of you who feel the need for this type of program by the mutual network which has responded to this need and by the hundreds of stars of stage screen and radio who give so unselfishly of their time and talent to appear on our Family Theatre stage.  This is Tony Lofrano expressing the wish of Family Theatre that the blessing of God may be upon you and your home and inviting you to be with us next week when Family Theatre will present. Family Theatre has broadcast the world and originates in the Hollywood studios of the world's largest network. This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.


Well, the Democratic Party will soon retake control of the Senate, and the individual who will be the Senate Budget Committee Chairman is none other than Bernard Sanders. And this is really, really encouraging to see. And for the first time in a long time, I do feel somewhat cautiously optimistic. And it's part of the reason why I didn't want Bernie Sanders to become Joe Biden's Labor Secretary, not that he doesn't deserve a promotion, because of course he does. But because I think that he's more useful in the Senate to make sure that this centrist center-right party for being realistic here pushes out the most progressive legislation possible. If they, you know, put out this incremental policy, push them to be even further to the left. Push for whatever benefit they're putting out to be more comprehensive. Like we need someone who's going to hold them accountable. And that individual is not going to be Elizabeth Warren. It's not going to be Ed Markey. It's going to be Bernard Sanders, who has a lot of influence. And now, as, you know, Budget Committee Chairman, he could do a lot. And in an interview with Ali Velsche of MSNBC, he kind of talked about how he'd be using this role to push the envelope, to push Biden in a more progressive direction. And he has a pretty solid plan. Let's talk about health care. This is the thing you and I have talked about for a very, very long time, because we share a view on how there can be a better health care system. Maybe you and Joe Biden don't exactly share the same view of what should happen. But you do definitely share a view that a lot more Americans should be insured than currently are. And that situation is only worsened because of coronavirus. Because stupidly, we connect health care to our jobs in this country. So lots of people have lost their jobs. And a whole lot of people got coronavirus, which then puts them into the category of having preexisting conditions and making it harder for them to get insurance. What's the working solution to this in the immediate and even the midterm future? Ali, I agree with you. At the end of the day, this current cruel, dysfunctional and wasteful health care system has got to the end. We need to do what Canada does. We need to do with countries all over the world to guarantee health care to all people as a human right, not a job's benefit and the absurdity of spending 10 times more in some cases for prescription drugs than the countries all over the world. That has to be addressed immediately. That's my view. That is not the president-elect's view. But short-term, what we can do for a start is lower the eligibility age of Medicare from 65. I would go down to 55 in the first year. Joe Biden wants to go to 60. We can certainly expand health care coverage in a variety of ways. We can make sure that we have community health centers located, new community health centers all over this country. So that anybody without insurance will be able to walk into a medical home and get the care that we need. And also, we've got to have the courage to take on the greed and corruption of the pharmaceutical industry, lower drug costs in this country. One of these days, you and I need to sit and have a conversation just about community health centers and the remarkably important role they play in this country and how to fund them better. One of the things that Joe Biden has talked about is not getting too crazy about the deficit. Republicans always have this issue with we can't spend, we can't spend, we can't spend when it's on the backs of regular people getting money, but zero issue when it comes to tax cuts. Joe Biden seems to share a little more of your view on the idea that maybe we shouldn't be as perversely obsessed with deficit increases as Republicans are. Ali, you don't know how much this Republican rhetoric drives me crazy. When it comes to tax breaks, the billionaires, hey, no deficit problem. Spending 740 billion on the military, not a problem. Massive amounts of corporate welfare, that's just, that's fine. But when it comes to helping people who are struggling to feed their families or to prevent being evicted from their homes. Oh my God, we have this terrible deficit. Bottom line is Joe Biden is exactly right. Interest rates are now low. We've got to invest in the American people. We've got to deal with the pandemic, make sure these vaccines getting out in the timeline that they should much faster than it's currently the case. We have to create millions of jobs as we rebuild the economy. And it seems obvious, right, with interest rates as low as they are, we can have some current version of an infrastructure project. This last administration kept holding infrastructure weeks, but nothing ever happened. We know our health infrastructure is weak. We've learned that there can be some real ways in which you can utilize low interest money that can benefit America for 50 or 100 years. Ali, that is absolutely correct. In this, nobody in the United States Congress will deny that our infrastructure roads, bridges, tunnels, wastewater plants, water systems, affordable housing. We have desperate infrastructure needs in this country. And in terms of health care, we need more doctors. We need more nurses. We need more community health centers. So we can create millions of important, meaningful jobs, rebuilding our infrastructure, combating climate change, improving our health care system. And that is exactly what we have to do that I should tell you. I will be the chairman of the Senate Budget Committee. And when we put together a reconciliation bill, which will need only 50 votes, 51 votes, I have those ideas in mind. That is really, really great to see. I will be the chairman of the Senate Budget Committee. And when we put together a reconciliation bill, we'll only need 51 votes. I have those ideas in mind. The ideas that Ali Velsche brought up, which are good ideas. This is great. Democrats really have an opportunity to get a lot done. And with Bernie Sanders as the chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, if they squander these next couple of years, then they'll have nobody to blame but themselves.  You get all the blame if something goes wrong. So Democrats, they really, they have a lot to do. They've got to deliver. Expectations are high. I mean, in actuality, my expectations are low.  So they have to deliver. And I think that Bernie Sanders is going to make sure that whatever they put out, it's going to be better than if we had someone else as, you know, the chairman of the Budget Committee. Now, what I also liked is that, you know, he talks about the hypocrisy of Republican deficit hawks. And it's hilarious that these folks still pretend to care about the deficit after passing tax cuts for the rich and bailouts for corporate America. And it seems as if, according to what Ali Velsche said that, you know, after being pro austerity, Joe Biden is kind of leaning towards the Bernie Sanders approach. I'm going to have to wait and see what he actually does. But to have a Senate Budget Committee chair who doesn't buy into that garbage, that could really make a difference. And when it comes to health care, like I'm not under this delusion that, you know, Joe Biden is going to give us Medicare for all. Even if it passed, he said previously he would veto it. But what Bernie Sanders could do, what he could push for is to make a lot of progress. This is all short term progress, but it would really help. So if we got community health centers and more of them, that would be huge for people. It would literally save lives because right now, if you don't have health insurance, what you have to do is go to the ER. That's basically your doctor because they're the only people who will see you because of Mtala, which was signed into law by Ronald Reagan of all people. But we need something that's better than that. If you're uninsured, you have to be able to go to a community health insurance place and we need more of those. Like how many of you can point to a community health place in your area? Not very many people, right? Now, the problem with this is this isn't a long term solution. It's not the end all be all because, you know, when Republicans take power, it's inevitable they will at some point, I assume, you know, what they'll do is defund them. So these programs, so these centers rather are less effective. And so really the only long term solution is Medicare for all. And you don't stop in Medicare for all. After you get Medicare for all secured, you try to nationalize hospitals, move towards a national health system like the UK has. Because the thing about capitalism is that it acts like a virus, right? Even if you eradicate the threat, it's only a temporary victory. If you get Medicare for all, private health insurance companies, if we don't eradicate them and abolish them, are going to try to push for, you know, less comprehensive coverage. So it's a never ending battle. And if you get community health centers, that is a really good short term thing, especially now during a pandemic, but it's not a long term solution. But what Bernie Sanders can do here is get people's feet a little bit wet, let them acknowledge that these community health centers are actually great and they work and they're useful. And then they warm up to this idea of the government giving them health care. And I mean, it's not like we have to convince that much more people since we already have won the hearts and minds of Americans when it comes to Medicare for all. But, you know, this is a step in the right direction. And, you know, this wouldn't be possible if Bernie wasn't in the position that he's in, a position of real power. And not only that, he has a lot of influence. So he's better off now than if he didn't run for president. So this is really, you know, it's encouraging. And it's not it's not what I wanted. I wanted Bernie Sanders to be the president. I don't want to be debating, you know, how much more community health centers we get. I'd rather be debating, you know, the specifics of Medicare for all itself. But that's not the reality of the situation. And when people are hurting, we need relief. And when you have someone there who is truly an advocate of the people like Bernie Sanders in that position, you know, a lot can be accomplished.  If they lose ground in a couple of years, which all parties in power, you know, do, it's going to be because they didn't deliver enough. So I hope they use this opportunity to actually help people. Otherwise, we're going to be right back to square one with Republicans retaking control in a couple of years.


Yeah, in the last class, we discussed about the central limit theorem. So, we said that if you have a sequence of random variable, if you take their sum and do the centralization and the normalization and take the limit as n goes to infinity that limit is no more a constant, but that limit is actually a random variable which is going to have Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and variance 1, ok. And now, we need to see that how this limit theorem is going to be useful and as we will go later like you will see more usefulness of this, but before that I will just highlight few of its usefulness. One thing is suppose if you take some a real number and want to compute what is the probability that that Sn minus n mu divided by n sigma square this is less than or equals to a. And here what is mu? Mu is the mean of that random variables that is a common mean. And now, how to compute this? One approximation we can do is when n is very large when n tends to infinity this quantity here behaves like a Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and variance 1, ok by the way we are going to call it this Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and variance 1 as normal distribution because this comes in use so many times this has been a special name called normal distribution, ok. We know that an n tends to infinity this quantity is a random variable with normal distribution, but when n is not tending to infinity when n is some finite quantity we can assume that it is almost normal distribution and because of that we can get some approximation. So, what is this? This quantity I know that this can be treated as integration of this pdf. What is this? This is the pdf of normal distribution, right and I am just integrating it between minus infinity to a and that will give you this probability, ok. And again the function the integral of this form where I am going to integrate this quantity the pdf of normal distribution minus minus infinity to a this also appears many times to us we are going to encounter it many times because of this this has also been given a special notation called phi of a. For us phi of a means it is a integration of my pdf of normal distribution in the interval minus infinity to a or I can say that phi of a is nothing but the area under the normal distribution till the point a, ok. So, if you are going to have this, this is my, so my is going to look like this, right, this is 0 and this is the mean value and the width of this pdf is going to decide its variance, but we are going to say suppose let us say a is here this area till this point we are going to call it as phi of a. On the other hand let us say if a is here then we are going to consider all the area till this point and in this case this is going to be called phi of a. So, basically as you see phi of a is nothing but this is basically cdf of your normal distribution, right, ok. Phi of a is the cdf of normal distribution computed at point a. Now, this function phi of a has one nice property that if you are going to take a and minus a. So, suppose let us say this is a and this is minus a, ok that is a symmetric around minus a. Now, the claim is if you add these two areas phi of a and phi of minus a that is going to be 1, ok. So, why is that? Because of the symmetry, right. So, it is because if you are going to add if you take area till minus a, right that is as good of this area above above a because they are symmetric. So, if I am going to add till this point phi of a like this is my phi of a and this phi of minus a is going to be same as all the remaining area. So, we know that area under pdf has to equals to 1. So, because of that if you are going to add this plus phi of minus a that is going to be 1. Now, in often this comes by the way this do not have any closed form expression. You cannot write this is like an integral just represented we do not have closed form expression, but you can compute it numerically, ok. So, because of that often this function appears in the form of a tables like you have lock tables, right lock tables for different values of a you know like that this phi of a is given in terms of the tables and you can use this tables to compute such probabilities, ok. Now, try to get this function in some nice ways, ok. I am interested in probability that this quantity is less than or equals to a. So, I did simple manipulation like S n by n and here we know that sigma square I am taking sigma square to be 1. So, right now assume that I have this x 1, x 1, right x 1, x 2, I have this n random variables. All of them expectation of x i is mu and expectation of sorry variance of x i I am going to take it as 1 for simplicity. You can this variance of x i's need not be 1. Let us say variance is known the only parameter I am interested is in the mean now, ok. Now, what I will do? Now, S n is taken to be some of this x i's.  So, what I have done here is a basically did a manipulation of this. I have written in such a way that S n minus n and minus mu comes on the left hand side rest of the terms go on the other side, ok. Can somebody check that this manipulation is correct here, ok. Now, this S n by n, ok. What is S n by n? This is the S n by n is average of these samples, right. I am going to call this as mu n hat. The sum of this x i's divided by n I am going to take it as the estimate of this parameter mu and now I am able to write it as this mu n minus mu n hat minus mu. I know that when n goes to infinity what this quantity goes to it is going to go to mu, right. Why is that? Because of that law of large numbers. But now I am only dealing with finite number n it is not going to infinity. So, that is what I am instead of calling I cannot call it as mu I am going to call it as mu n hat. And now I am trying to what you see that now I am looking at the difference of the finite average I got with its limiting value which is mu. How is this difference, ok. Now, we are saying that this difference being smaller than this quantity is approximately phi of a and where is this phi of a is coming? Phi of a is coming from our previous relation, ok. So, by using this central limit theorem I have now a way to characterize how far is mu and hat when mu n hat for a particular n compared to its limiting value, ok. I know that this is going to be approximately phi of a, ok.  Now, let us go back to the example we studied in our last class where we talked about this factory output, right. So, the factories producing certain number of items and its weekly average is about 500. Now, let us say I said earlier that the average I assume that average of 500 items every week that is the mean value, but mean value suppose let us say you do not know and now you want to find out what is the mean value mean number of items produced from my factory. How you can do it? You can get every time you observe today how many are generated, how many outputs came out from factory like that every day you get 100 samples. Let us say, let us say these are all 100 you observed it let us say what we call this as a weekly, weekly. So, we are talking about weekly output of the factory, right. Let us say you observed for 100 weeks what is the output from the factory and now you are going to call them as 100 samples and assume that it is the same factory, right. The factory is going to generate these outputs according to the same underlying distribution. So, they are all identically distributed and let us assume that they are also identical every week of factory like started afresh. So, that the effect of the output from one week is not influencing the effect what is that is produced in the next week. Now, from this 100 samples you want to generate you want to identify the mean value that is output by this factory every week. So, what we basically are trying to do is here trying to find out the mean output mean output by observing 100 weeks of data, right. 100 weeks I have monitored what is the output which I am denoting it as let us say let us call them x 1, x 2 up to x 100. Now, I want to find out what is that mean value that is I want to find out find what is the exact value of x i this is some value mu which I do not know I want to find out. One thing I know is if I take this value i equals to 1 to n divided by n this goes to mu right, but unfortunately I do not have n going to infinity I can only take i equals to 1 to 100 x i and divided by 100, ok. I will get this let us call this value as mu 100 hat. Now, I want to know that how much is this from the true value mu. So, that is why I am trying to find out mu 100 hat minus mu will this be this difference will be below 0.1 and greater than minus 0.1. I want to now calculate this probability whatever I estimated what is the probability that the difference between mu 100 mu 100 hat minus mu this is going to be less than or equals to 0.01. So, alternately what I am asking the question that the mean value I obtained by averaging this 100 values will it be within 0.1 error of the true value I want to ask this question. Now, and you want to ask what is the probability that the error is going to be remain within 0.1.