Hello, so I'm obviously Nicholas and the reason this talk is called the return of the return of peer-to-peer computing is because this is a reaction to Holger's classic keynotes at last year's EuroPython entitled the return of peer-to-peer computing. Now the aim of this talk is, well like it says up there, to create a context in which you may think about peer-to-peer computing. So it's very much a presentation of ideas, although it does contain some technical stuff at a high hand-wavy level at the very end. We've organised the talk this way because we believe that there's plenty of time for technology at a technology conference and we'll deal with that at the very end. But it's very important for us to clearly state our position and our ideas about peer-to-peer software. So that's basically what this talk is about and the modus operandi that I'm going to use for this is very simple. I'm going to provide what I hope is a clear movement of thought between motivations via questions and actions to outcomes. So we have some sort of tangible engineering aims at the very end of this talk that we can all agree we might be able to go and tackle. So part one motivations. This time last year Edward Snowden's revelations were published in The Guardian. Actually this time last year I was working at The Guardian as a Python developer and it was rather a fascinating place to be, to be inside the organisation that was actually breaking these incredible news stories. But I don't really want to talk about Edward Snowden really because he's been dealt with elsewhere. What I want to talk about is the result and the result was a moral panic apart from in the United Kingdom. I'm not sure why anyway. Suddenly privacy became a bit of a hot topic. But up until Snowden privacy was a topic that was dealt with more within the domain of corporations at our Facebook and obviously Mr Zuckerberg is very famous for stating that privacy is of course dead. And for years I guess the people in this room anyway have realised that private corporations have been insinuating themselves into our lives by harvesting our data and so on and so forth. And this has been worrying me at least anyway since about 2009 and many others as well. So in response to concerns about privacy from people like me you get a corporate repackaging of the if you have nothing to hide you have nothing to fear type argument which is the quote from Eric Schmidt. If you have something that you don't want anyone to know maybe you shouldn't be doing it in the first place. Interestingly though those who say privacy is dead are those who gain most from the surveillance of their users because their business their business plan is basically we're going to harvest your data and we are going to sell it on through targeted advertising and other things. So of course privacy needs to be dead anyway rewind back to last year and Snowden suddenly makes privacy rather a hot topic for a wider audience than just developers in the room. And the governments around the world went in especially the British and the US governments went into full on panic mode and this was the foreign secretary which is I guess the equivalent of the secretary of state in the US. This is Mr William Hague who represents all bureaucrats in this example and this is a typical example of what they're likely to say in response to the Snowden revelations and I hope the audio works. If you are a law abiding citizen of this country going about your business and your personal life you have nothing to fear nothing to fear about the British state or intelligence agencies listening to all the contents of your phone calls or anything like that. Indeed you'll never be aware of all the things those agencies are doing. In fact you will not be aware of all the things that those agencies are doing. It's the way he ends it. Happily we are a bit more aware of what these agencies are doing in our name as citizens of these countries. Another formulation of Mr Hague's argument is only if you're doing something wrong should you worry and then you don't deserve to keep it private. And after all we don't want the bad guys to gain the upper hand and you guys you're probably obviously fine upstanding citizens and should be happy that innocence are protected from the evil doers that such a dragnet of surveillance will capture and identify. And this sort of argument, nothing to hide, nothing to fear argument is often trotted out with other classic defences like think of the children, terrorists, extremists and heaven forbid for us hackers. So this is blatantly wrong argument. For a start it's a false dichotomy. What do I mean by that? I mean that it turns a very nuanced and complicated subject into a simplistic black and white subject. Okay if you've got nothing to hide you've got nothing to fear, that's it black and white. Actually it's a lot more complicated than that as I'm sure we all know. It's also lazy thinking too and it's manipulative as well because you're framing the argument in a binary way when in fact it's a very nuanced argument. And putting that aside it's also an argument that hides several uncomfortable truths which I'd like to explore now. So the first uncomfortable truth is that it's not you who determines if you have anything to hide or not. For example these gentlemen who are some prominent American Muslims who are law-abiding citizens. They are political candidates, civil rights activists, academics, lawyers, people like that. Yet the NSA and the FBI have covertly been monitoring their emails and other communications. And this was done under a law intended to target terrorists and foreign spies. How do you think that makes American Muslims feel? As an aside I read at the Guardian website this morning that the Metropolitan Police in London have been monitoring the communications of the family of the man they mistakenly shot on the tube train soon after the July 5th bombings. This was a grieving family yet they were monitored. They had nothing to fear yet they still had their communications monitored. You have nothing to fear because you've got nothing to hide. It assumes that surveillance results in correct data and sound judgment. Now if you live in the UK you'll be very familiar with this particular tweet but some poor unfortunate gentleman who lives in Yorkshire was trying to catch an airplane one winter and he tweeted, Crap Robin Hood airport is closed.  This was obviously a joke you would think. And then the police turned up and he got carted away under terrorism. I can't remember precisely what it was but he got carted away anyway. He was imprisoned and the result was that they ended up going to the UK's highest court at much expense and getting thrown out. So you know surveillance you might have a bit of a problem if the police get the wrong end of the stick for example or they're just collecting the wrong sort of data. If you're doing nothing wrong you have nothing to hide. Well rules and governments change. For example in the UK obviously I'm British so many of these examples are British. In the UK there's a law called our IPA Reaper and it's a UK law to monitor the communications of people for national security reasons. You could understand why people might want such a law and the way the law works is that it allows certain stated public bodies to be able to use such a law for such a reason. And since the law was introduced at the beginning of the 2000s that list of public organisations who are allowed to use that law has increased four times and now includes local councils. So local councils have been found to be monitoring their citizens' communications to track incidents of dogfouling. If your dog craps in the street in the wrong place you might be tracked. If you have nothing to hide you have nothing to fear. Well you know breaking the law isn't necessarily bad. If we look at this rogues gallery of people some of them might not be familiar especially the second one in. So that's Socrates right at the very end who was executed for corrupting the youth of Athens with philosophy no less. The second one in is Emmeline Pankhurst who was a suffragette who changed herself to Buckingham Palace in the cause of women's rights and getting votes for women. Obviously I'm guessing you all know Anders Gandhi who was imprisoned for basically trying to make India independent from the British Empire and obviously Nelson Mandela a recent example imprisoned for his protest against apartheid. Now these are widely regarded as people who acted as beacons of hope and I guess you know hindsight is a good thing but what I'd like to ask is how would their causes have survived in a digital penopticon if the authorities that imprisoned and in some cases executed these people were able to view their communications. And finally if you've got nothing to hide you've got nothing to fear we should be able to watch you. Well actually you know what privacy is a fundamental human right. There are many examples that enshrine this right but the one I've chosen is sort of the big daddy as it were and this is from the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and I'm believing and I guess that you do too that things like intimate decorations of love and doctors discussing the patients and engineers working on a new top secret project or journalists planning an expose of the government these are just a few scenarios where privacy is both a reasonable and legitimate requirement yet of course people want to surveil you. So am I saying that privacy trumps all? Absolutely not. Openness of public institutions, governments and corporations I believe is a fundamental requirement for our society to be able to function otherwise how else are we going to be able to hold such entities to account if we don't know what they're up to. I also believe that surveillance is legitimate given probable cause for concern and I'm not the only person who believes that. Can anyone identify where this comes from? It's the fourth amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America. The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizes shall not be violated and no one shall issue but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. I guess I'm not the only one in the room who sees the great irony of the fourth amendment.  After all, what has politics got to do with programming? We're engineers. So a straw man engineer might ask questions like, well, we're engineers, we like to solve engineering problems and I don't really worry about the politics of stuff and things like that. I'm far more interested in the hard problems of technology and servers and code and things like that. For example, we ask questions like, what is the best way to organise computational resources and we answer them by thinking about architecture and design. We also think about how should such arrangements be created. What tools are we going to use? We use Python, we use databases, we use methodologies like test driven development and agile methodology. We organise ourselves. Who is responsible for making such things work? In a team, we have people who have particular responsibilities. There's the QA guy, there's the DBA, there's the developer, there's the business analyst, there's all these different roles and each is responsible for doing something. Each of them also has authority to do certain things. Perhaps only the QA person is allowed to deploy the thing to the website to the surfer because they're the one who signs off that the QA is done. We also have people who create standards that we use so that we in some ways delegate responsibility for making things work by following standards that are made in public. If you contrast these with problems in political philosophy, after all, what has engineering got to do with politics? Political philosophers, I'm not saying politicians here, I'm talking about political philosophers, people who think about politics, not the politicians who are the ones involved in the political system itself. These guys ask questions like, what is the best way to organise humanity? That's a pretty big question to ask. What's the best way? What forms of governments should we try and promote? They think about the problems of democracy. They think about things like corporate structures within the public sphere, things like that. How should such arrangements be created? They try and define concepts such as duty and rights and they think very carefully about how the law should come to pass and how it should be enforced. Talking of enforcement, who is responsible for making such things work? Who has the power in a society? Who has authority? How does governance work? This is political philosophy 101. So I would say, I'm asserting, that programming is politics quite simply because we are asking and answering questions about organisation, process, power and control. We're writing, implementing in some respect, we control the laws of the digital world if you look at it that way. So part two, questions. Assuming that these things are important, that politics are programming important, why do we explore this program? What questions as developers should we be asking ourselves? So we turn to Holger, who I notice is sat at the back of the room. Last year Holger focused on these political aspects of programming by asking several pertinent questions. What digital world do I want to live in? What sort of software do I want to create as a developer?  How would you answer these questions? Remember my aim at the beginning, which is to give you a context in which you can think, and part of having that context is being able to answer such questions. So one of the conclusions that Holger and I and many others believe is important is the answer to this question. Peer-to-peer and ubiquitous cryptography are a way to address the concerns over power and control in a digital world. So I'm going to, because I don't have that much time, I'm going to brush over cryptography assuming that you can go and read a book about it somewhere. This is talk about peer-to-peer. So let's examine what peer-to-peer means and how this affects the political aspects of the talk that I was just talking about. So what do I mean by peer-to-peer? Well, this is my back-of-a-fag packet definition. Peers of equal status devices running appropriate software co-operate in a loose, decentralized network for mutual benefit. And also peer-to-peer is the antithesis of hierarchy where some have elevated status and power over others. And one way to visualize this is the taxonomy diagrams, very simple taxonomy diagrams over there. On the left is peer-to-peer, and on the right is the client-server topology that we use on the web. Notice that the red spot is the point of power and control in the web. And wherever there's power and control, well, that's where politics is. So let's just think very carefully about how this affects, for example, the worldwide web, which is probably the most ubiquitous technology platform of the day. So the client-server architecture of the web is fundamentally unbalanced because the server always has power over the client. You authorize yourself, authenticate yourself against Facebook's servers, for example, and then Facebook decides whether you are allowed to see this content or that content or the other content. And of course, the server can decide that it's just not right for you to see certain content at all because it's illegal. Also, a server is a single point of failure that is also an obvious target for attacks. We all know about the Twitter fail well, but where did the NSA go when they wanted to try and hoover up lots of people's emails? They tapped into Google because lots and lots of people used Gmail. So am I saying that hierarchy is bad? No, I'm not. Sometimes hierarchy is very good, especially when it's efficient and it saves lives. If I was having brain surgery, I would like to know that the person in charge of that team had trained for several years and was acknowledged as an expert in their field. I wouldn't want to have surgery from a democratic group of, I don't know, hippie doctors who would vote at every point in the operation as to what to do next. I'm more likely to be dead as a result of that. So it's important in certain situations that there is definite power and control. But the important thing to notice is that in an ideal world such a hierarchy is best when the obvious skill, knowledge and capabilities of the person or the entity are acknowledged to bring about greater benefit for all. In an ideal world, those with elevated status and authority would have earned it via reliable and consistent public displays of such skill, knowledge and capabilities. So everyone knows this is a good surgeon because not a lot of people die when they're on the slab with him. For example, him or her, it's a him in this photo. In an ideal world, the responsibility and trust associated with such status and authority would be a serious yet welcome obligation. But we don't live in an ideal world. We live in a digital world where architecture in some sense defines power and control as I just tried to illustrate with the client-servant model of the web. If Facebook changed their terms and conditions, we have no way to challenge them. Not only because they're the ones in control of the servers, but also because they, in some sense, they've trapped us in their walled garden of data. All our photos, all our lives, all our social life is within this walled garden controlled by Facebook, for example. So I'm about halfway through the talk and I want to summarise. So programming, I believe, is politics because we're thinking about process and power and control of digital assets. We agree, I hope, that strong cryptography protects against surveillance. And we agree, I hope, that surveillance is in some forms not a good thing to have. Peer-to-peer decentralized distributed federated systems mitigate points of control and authority derived from architecture is bad. However, authority derived from evidence is good. So what can we do to address these issues? So part three, actions. So this time last year, I didn't know Holger and I was moving house and as Holger was giving his keynote, I kept getting tweeted by friends in the audience saying you should contact Holger, he's doing this peer-to-peer stuff. Nicholas, you're interested in peer-to-peer stuff, you should get together, which is what I did and Holger got together with lots of other people at Yora Python and the outcome of that is that we decided that we would get together a group of us and organise some sprints where we would be able to explore the ideas surrounding peer-to-peer and cryptography and so on and so forth. And we'd try and do something as well. Obviously Jonas needs an avatar because he doesn't really look like an egg. So at this sprint, what were our aims? At this sprint, we grew a community interested in redescentralisation of the internet. We also have people from redescentralised.org in the audience, we have a fantastic project era, put your hand up, talk to her. Promoting non-safael communications is another thing we're interested in, exploring existing solutions because we're not the first people to be worried about this sort of thing and doing something practical as well. We're programmers, we can do stuff with digital assets. So at this sprint, at the first sprint, we asked ourselves two important questions. What are the fundamental elements of a secure peer-to-peer system that can we build that is useful to this end? So at the sprints, we looked at existing technologies, Bitcoin, peer-to-peer messaging, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. And at the sprint, we also plugged Holger into the matrix as well. And the point I'm trying to make here is that seriously, you don't need to do silly things to enjoy yourself at these sorts of sprints because these are fun and interesting and challenging engineering problems that need to be plugged into anything to enjoy them. We also decided we were trying to organise ourselves at conferences and gatherings like this one. I'll come on to that in a minute. But most importantly, I guess, is that we wanted to prototype at conferences and gatherings like this one. So we had something tangible, some code that we could point people at. So at least people could say, that's wrong, you're doing it wrong or that's good, I might join you. This stuff isn't going to happen by itself. So talking about outcomes, what were the outcomes? So, like I said, prototypes and hacks. And there are two that I would like to talk about. We explored the problem of a peer-to-peer cryptographic message passing system, completely decentralised. And we also looked at a universal distributed hash table as a platform, which is based on some work that I've been doing on a project called The Drugulous. I'll give you a very high level view of both of these projects now. So, the peer-to-peer decentralised crypto messaging, Holger calls this the test card, because if we can make this work, we've solved many of the fundamental problems of a cryptographically secure peer-to-peer system. We also had expertise within the group. We had Jorgis, who is one of the developers of the Cryfo project, which is in-browser cryptographically safe chat system. He was there. It was very good to have him and his expertise there. And we also looked at existing solutions. We found many, but the most interesting was one called RetroShare, that met many of our requirements for such a system, but not all of our needs. So, we tried to work out what are the gaps that we can fill in. So, to give you a sense of some of the thoughts that we've been having at these sprints, I just want to pause a moment and describe one of the problems that we have. The problem is, in a secure decentralised message delivery system, how do you communicate with offline peers? Now, with email, it's very simple. I just send my email to your email server, and the next time you come online, you go and collect it. It's almost like a sort of a post box for you. But that's a centralised point of control. It's somewhere, as we know with Gmail and so on and so forth, that people can intercept your communications. So, we wanted to make this completely decentralised if we could with no single point of failure, so that the message could get through in a secure way. So, what we've been looking at is building a system that allows trusted online friends to sort of pass the message like a baton in a relay race until the message is delivered. What we're trying to work out is, can this be done in a completely decentralised way? And it's early days, and we'll have to see how it goes. The other important thing that we realised is that signalling and discovery are the key. How do you know when this person is online or offline? And this leads me to the second project that I talked about. You could use a distributed hash table to do that. So, let's have a look. What is a distributed hash table? Everybody knows what a dictionary is in Python. Yes? Okay, it's a distributed one of them. It is literally a distributed and decentralised key value store. There's no single point of failure or control. It scales to a huge number of nodes as well. Lookup is relatively efficient, although obviously it's done over the network. And it also, depending on which algorithm you use, the one I'm using is one called Cademlia. It has good handling of fluid network membership because, of course, there are nodes joining and leaving the network all the time. And it's also tested in the real world with distributed hash tables because BitTorrent and FreeNet and other similar projects use distributed hash table for lookup. But they use a distributed hash table for just their application. And what we were thinking about doing is a universal distributed hash table. So any application could store key value pairs in this DHT. So the universal DHT, it's my current obsession, programming project obsession. I work on it on the train when I go into London and those late nights when my kids have finally gone to bed and so on and so forth. So development is a little bit slow. But it solves the problem of discoverability and signaling because people can leave their status within the key value pair, within the dictionary and friends can look up. We also had a quick look at... Sorry, we didn't look. We had a think about how we could make this work. I'm not going to talk about this very much because I'm not even sure we understand it. But we were discussing a platform called P4P2P which is distributed hash tables within distributed hash tables. So these are namespace in some ways. So that particular applications can use particular parts of the network that best meet their needs. So you're probably sitting there thinking, wow, he's had about half an hour now. This sounds far too utopian, hippy. And it'd be quite valid for you to ask why.  And that's usually quickly followed up by what about the economics of this sort of stuff. How is development funded for peer-to-peer systems? How do you put food on the table? So, well, let's think. Serendipity, there's a good example of that that happened last year at EuroPython. I kept getting tweets about Holger from friends who just happened to be in the room. I met people that I'd never met before at least Prince, but they're here and they're my friends now. Serendipity. God, we met and we're collaborating together. Why is that? Well, perhaps it's because we share the same values. We actually care very passionately about our privacy and working in a world where a peer-to-peer system is some way of enabling us to build a digital world that we want to live in. It's also fun. That's a good reason why you might want to work on this sort of thing. These are fun engineering problems, as I hope I sort of demonstrated. And it's also that itch for me. Everybody has a different sort of an itch, but that's my particular itch. First of all, important to remember that there was no economic argument made when the web was born. As Tim Berners-Lease said, the web is more of a social creation than a technical one. He designed it for a social effect to help people to work together, and therein is the value of the web. He didn't sit down going, what world-dominating hypertext system could I invent? It sort of grew from the bottom up, which chimed in with the keynote from yesterday morning. It's also important to remember that itch is 1996. William Gibson, the science fiction author, I'm sure you're all familiar with him, said in an article that the world-wide web is the test pattern for whatever will become the dominant global medium. The reason I'm saying this is because it's very easy for us at this time, after 20 years of the existence of the world-wide web, to have world-wide web goggles on. So everyone seems to see things. We must have a website for that. We must use a RESTful API. We must use HTTP because that's what everybody uses. Perhaps it's time that we might be able to think outside the box and think, well, what should come after the web? What post-web solutions and digital architectures should we be using? Which leads me on to Alan Kay. Alan Kay is very famous for saying the best way to predict the future is to invent it. We're in a very privileged position as developers because we could actually build that future with Python. But I actually like this quote more. I believe that the only kind of science computer can be is like the science of bridge building. Somebody has to build the bridges and other people have to tear them down and make better theories. And you have to keep on building bridges. What's the next bridge after the world-wide web? The penultimate slide. Sorry, I'm nearly finished, don't worry. This is some cuniform that's in the British Museum. It's 5,100 years old. It's one of my favourite places to be the British Museum because you can't help but get an enhanced sense of perspective. In internet years, two years is a huge amount of time. This is 5,100 years old. It's one of the earliest examples of writing that we have and it records the allocation of beer. You'll be pleased to know. By administrators in the city of Uruk and the symbol representing beer is actually an upright jar. I'm not sure if I can find one yet. With a pointed base. The amounts of beer that these workmen or work ladies have been having is denoted by the circles and the crescents. That's their counting system. If you look in the bottom left, there's actually a person drinking from the bowl and that's kind of like the receipt to say that the goods have been received. It's a bit of a small one. I would like to end by asking you is the World Wide Web our cuniform clay tablet and what should we be building afterwards? If you would like to discuss this more with not just me but my friends that went on the sprints as well because what I presented here is very much a group effort. Meet us in the foyer at 5.30 this afternoon and we'll have a chat and we'll probably go afterwards for beer and food. The end. Is there time for questions? I can't hear. The GPG key signing is almost in parallel to that time in the basement so it's a bit unfortunate somehow. I didn't realise that. We looked into key signing when we were our first sprint. I remember there were about nine highly technical people in the room and we managed to do it wrong which says a lot for key signing. There are lots of ways that you can improve security but we got it totally wrong. No more questions? OK. Oh! How did I guess? David who's going to ask the question is my colleague. So what is the best way to organise humans? To organise? Humans. That was your big question. OK. I should say that David has a philosophy degree. As do I. My answer would be if you come along at 5.30 this afternoon we can work out the details then and actually we could put a note in our sprint plan and we can create a ticket to discover what the best way to organise humanity is. You said there is a small community of people working on that stuff but the only thing I find on your website is your Twitter account. So what medium do you use to communicate except meeting in meet space for some sprint? There should be some more effective way without driving through Germany or whatever. You're probably quite right. I'd say in our defence this is early days we're a group of people who are just exploring the ideas and it's not as if we've announced a political party or a new free software project or something like that yet. We're getting together to think about these ideas. We communicate on IRC in a channel that has nothing to do with peer to peer because it's run by one of the guys it's his company IRC channel on FreeNode so I'm not sure he might not like me sharing that channel. But it's informed. So the first thing you can do is come along at 5.30 and we can talk and share email addresses and things like that. The second thing you can do is you can prod me on Twitter and I will get back to you. The third thing you could do is probably annoy Holger and send him emails because he's quite a high profile person that will be able to disseminate information because people follow him an awful lot. But you are quite right. This is something we've been enjoying ourselves with distributed hash tables rather than IRC channels and Twitter accounts I'm afraid. Irina, do you want to have the microphone over there in the middle? It needs to be recorded for posterity so you better say hello to posterity. Hi everybody. It sounds like you guys have a bit of a clique out there hanging out. For those who want to join a broader movement there is a re-decentralised mailing list re-decentralised at Libralist.com with public archives where there's a huge community of people who are interested in re-decentralisation technology in adoption, in how do we change stuff. So that is a really good discussion list and there's a whole website as well which you can join and follow and get. I would encourage people to do that. Definitely. Join Irina's list. I'm a member of it. If you search Google for re-decentralised.org don't go to Google, type it into your URL. At the top of it, re-decentralised.org and through the magic of the internet this web page will appear and they have interviews with various people who are doing things that they don't know that they don't know. There are various people who are doing very similar projects in the peer-to-peer sphere. I think because we need to sort of turn the room around for the next talk. Now's a good time. Time to finish. One more question then. Okay. Hello. The five questions that you had there on the blackboard. I think the most interesting is the fifth one and some political philosophy in Poland recently said that it's not about who we give the power to it's about how we can remove them when they fail to deliver what they were supposed to do. It seems that this distributed peer-to-peer communication is about taking away the power from everyone so that nobody holds the power. So the power is not centralized. But there are many instances of stuff where for example when you make a standard you need to have a centralized power to make the standard happen, right? You need some kind of standardizing committee. For example like English. Do you have any ideas of how to organize the removal of people you don't trust anymore? Yeah. Just for your interest anyway. That's half the blackboard. The bottom half is even better. But it was only the top half that was pertinent for this part of the talk. This was created by a UK politician called Tony Ben who recently died. Tony Ben's five rules. You'll see the whole picture. He's very very good. That's it I guess.


Hey everyone, welcome back to another XO's Heroes video. So in today's video, we're going to discuss the Corrivers of FC Bernadette, so Melting Ice Bernadette and her exclusive weapon. But before that, if you want an updated XO's Heroes content, please hit the subscribe button down below. Okay, so here we are at the Corrivers Chance notice, Melting Ice Bernadette recruit. So after the maintenance tomorrow up till May 10th, you can recruit plus fate core with higher probability with that premium recruit. So this Bernadette is a parallel world and more or less actually if you weren't guys around last year for the Summer Festa, they were released around I think August last year and they were actually a big hit in terms of summons week after week. I think we had six and Bernadette was one of them. If you can see for me, with all the Summer Festa units that were out, she had the best artwork of all, especially in her 3D model as you will see later when I move to that one. But before that, I'll give you a small background about FC Bernadette. Bernadette was one of the first fated heroes that was widely used. She had a very good kit, cost effective in terms of mana, and she is actually good with mana as well. That is why she was very good.  So more or less what they did with her fate core was a bit, it was good. It was, Summer's Blessing was actually also anti her, her usage was brought down. So as you can see here with her passive, her passive is still the same. So increased attack based on allies mana count which is good, gain one mana if ally mana count is a 10 or more on own turn, and gains mana if any enemy mana count is a 10 or more on own turn. So very good again in terms of increasing attack, she is actually very good while she is not usually commonly used in PVP as of the moment, she is actually good in the dragon. Decreases damage dealt to dragons with the dragon scale of order by 250% and overtime effect decreases the enhanced dragon fang and fest effect used by the frost element dragon of order by 20%. She is also a head dragon knight so decreased damage from raging breath by 50%, increases damage reduction effect for allies with dragon knight blessing by additional 20% can stack with another head dragon knight effect. So again, whether you're not, if you're not using her in PVP or PVP tag, she is actually very good in the dragon or the holy dragon ground. And she is actually good in some areas of PVP as well. We'll take a look at her previous improvement in terms of FC passive, flap flap if the cast was removable buff recovery positive effect applied each via attack afflicts target modification for three turns. So again, I really enjoy this one in terms of stalling opponents, especially if you play PVP on manual, this actually applies to her as well. I use this actually for FC iris. Next is you have your summer's blessing. When the battle starts, grants frost damage, immunity one, one time to all allies can't be stacked, increases the attack by 50% for nine turns when the frost damage immunity effect is removed. So while this was beneficial as a defensive passive for her, this actually nerfed her in the way because again, this is anti her because she does frost damage. But as you can see here, the one that they added recently is called sparkling water. So increases the attack of all allies by 10% for one round and at the start of the round. Okay, I'll go back to that later. I'll show you her S1 first. It's still the same summer frost fang deals 300% damage to one enemy and her S2 is still the same.  Let's look at this objectively. Okay. So this one, whether you are you put her in a north one frosty team or not, this is actually going to be okay. This is going to be good. She can be she can be probably be viable in PvP tag now. She can be good because of the 10% is 10% whether she's she's frost that she cannot sometimes deal damage because of the opposing the opposing summer's blessing. But again, the 10% every round is very good. Can't ignore that. If you splash her with other with other heroes with other nations, I think she would be good, but definitely she would be shine with together with north one frosty heroes. She is actually from north one frosty and I think that based on my experience, even if I used Valentin and Shufraken, sometimes if I render the enemies, if I render the enemies, what do you call this without mana, sometimes it's not enough to kill them in a way that they actually sometimes recoup and you know, they find a way to still kill you because they're too tough. I think north one frosty as a nation really needs this because again, it gives a 10% 10% damage for one round at the start of the round. Sorry, 10% attack entries attack or 10% every round that she's in battle. So take note, she has to be there. She has to be present. Otherwise, if she dies, the whole other allies won't be able to get this. So more or less, I am actually for this one. There is one team comp that comes to mind that can be, you know, can she can substitute namely actually Bathory. So basically she can you can swap her out with Bathory if you don't have Bathory in north one frosty. So you have their Shufraken, you have probably Shufraken, Valentina, you can actually put their what do you call this, Tantalor, Dorca, and you can put their Bernadette or FC Bernadette. So that is actually an option for you guys if you don't have Bathory in play or if you don't have Bathory as her SFC. And also you can actually get her at a 0.7 chance, recruitment mileage 19 core milages for you to get her for free. And more or less guys, let's go first to the exclusive weapon. I don't think she is actually going to it's viable to get her exclusive weapon. She's not a main character in terms of your PVP. That is why the forego this. Actually, it's just for me a waste of Zess. I'll go back to you summoning for her. OK, for those who have her, who have already, I suggest that you build her up, try her. I think again, again, it's a mistake to ignore them or giving giving a 10 percent attack bonus or increase attack of 10 percent per round.  OK, at this point, I do not recommend pulling for her since we're expecting a gold fate core banner to drop next next this this Thursday, probably, or probably another blue fate core, which is rara. But again, she's not she's not core core meta in terms of in terms of hero. She might be used in PVP now, PVP tag, that is. But again, she I you can still get her not from her banner can get her from other random, you know, random fate core tickets. You can actually she's actually viable now. And now we have shards for for fate core. So if you like her and if you want to build her, then be my guest. But again, it's a no for me for pulling at this point. If you have her, you can actually I advise it to build her. So that's it. OK, so let's take a look at her 3D model. Again, artwork very, very good. Very good. Seems suit like the design. Very cool for her. Again, she's she's frost. So very good. The backside is actually good as well. I'd like to she has the best swimsuit actually in the bunch. Hands down, I tell you, best swimsuit in summers or summer festa. So best swimsuit released hands down. OK. So anyway, guys, if you have any comment suggestions, please put them down in the comments section below. For those who have not subscribed to my channel, please do around 85 percent of my viewers have not subscribed yet. So this helps my channel a lot. Anyway, guys, stay safe. Take care. This is the warden and I'm out of here.


So here we have Alice standing in the center of a train, which is stationary in her reference frame. And at either end of the train are two of Bob's friends, who we'll call friend one and friend two. So above each friend is something strange. We have a light sensor attached to a bucket of water. So if light were to hit, say, the left light sensor, it would dunk water all over friend one. So how is light going to reach any of these sensors? Well, Alice is carrying a light bulb, and as soon as she turns it on, it will send photons in either direction, activating the light sensors, and dunking water onto Bob's friends. So let's suppose the entire train has lent L, in which case the distance from Alice to either friend is L over two. So in Alice's frame, what are T1 and T2? Where T1 is the time taken in between Alice switching on the light bulb and friend one getting dunked, and similarly for T2.


Hey everybody Matt here for late in sports cards ripping one box of 2022 tops triple threads baseball. This is for Andy B You're lucky Andy I saw the dude and I thought it was bowling and I was like, what's he doing? It's all like this high release All right, here we go Alex Braggman to 125 Miggie to 199 Bernardo Harper and Scherzer Triple Relic to 18 Manimacciato 150 and Jumbo Jersey Otto to 99 Jack Flaherty Max Scherzer to 259 Mariano Rivera to 299 Frank Thomas Roberto Clemente and Jared Kellnick What is this? To 99 that is rookie triple jersey on Jersey Otto Cal Raleigh. Yeah, he signed it right on the jersey Why not? Yeah, 19 of 99 I have not seen that I mean, I've seen where like They use a jersey that has like player signature, but then they have the On car like the auto on the car too this time. He just forgot to come Or he was just like I'm just gonna do this on one of them That's cool And rookie jumbo jersey to 48 Brandon Marsh That'll do it for your box. Appreciate it. Andy. We'll get these right out to you


Notice some of your grassy areas and verges have been left to grow over summer? There is a reason. Long, meadow-like grass is better for wildlife and nature is good for our health and well-being. In Wales, one in six species is at risk of extinction. We need to act now to save them. It's for them to protect and support Wales' wildlife.


Hey guys, happy vlogmas day 14 today. We're starting off the day with a little unboxing Drum roll, please Comment below if you know what it is You'll find out what it is All right guys, so Techers not only coming at you. We got There's a Mac over there Makes me feel more powerful, you know, okay No control for it Okay, so basically I got a flash for my camera. This is for my larger camera the Canon 70d I got the newer TT560 speedlight. I'll link these products down below I just got this off Amazon and I don't know how well it's gonna perform just because I'm really really new to flashes It's a whole subculture of its own So I really don't know anything about flashes like they were talking like TTL and all this signal stuff And I'm like what the hell so I'm gonna have to start from fresh just like I did for photography So that's why I went ahead and bought a cheaper version Because I know that there's a lot of photographers that use like Canon flashes But those are like upwards of like 400 bucks and I'm not really willing to spend that right this moment But I did want to play around with some flashes So I got this and then I also got this Gary Fong light-sphere collapsible Speed mount Anyways, this is basically a diffuser for the flash So it's not gonna be as harsh and this is actually a bougie product. So at least I think Really, oh, yeah, I'm pretty sure he's a youtuber and he just like made his own products Which is what's up Peter Griffin guy? What's up? It's Peter McKinnon. It's not Peter Griffin Anyways, I'm totally geeking out of like photography talk right now. Wow, I see some velvet up in here How much were these two for now? Oh, okay So each of them were like 40 to 50 dollars the total was like 96 something so Something like that. So this can like go this way this way. So it's not directly on the subject I need to go. I need to get batteries.  I mean I'd like a billion double-a's It's like Christmas, but not Christmas. I'm sure it made you wait. The thing with me is that Whatever I like want something I want it like today or like yesterday So I could have asked for this for Christmas, but I just didn't want to wait. Oh, that's cool It's like highlighter yellow You know Like it's it looks really ratchet. I put it the other way So I got it set up and everything it was on manual mode this whole time So it was kind of just like not working and I didn't really understand why so I was like looking up every freaking YouTube video But then I just like switched the mode and it works. So it's so frigging bright Like I don't know like I'm actually really glad I didn't buy the like extensive one because I can't tell a difference Like it's working, you know, what if it's like not as bright? What if that ones aren't as bright? What what you need what maybe like adjust to what you need well exactly So I think the expensive more expensive ones it adjusts your exposure and stuff with the flash So it like, you know, you don't have to do all that like but I don't mind doing all that I feel like I'm happy kind of heavy Not to be dramatic, but I think that light is just gonna change my freaking life I'm testing it out. I'm just so happy I'm literally such a geek. I'm sorry, but It is 8 p.m. Right now I'm in my car just waiting for my sister and my mom because we're having a little spa night My mom gave us like a scrub and a facial for Christmas. So we're gonna get it done today I think my sister's like eight minutes away and my mom's like 12 minutes away. So I got here early But it's all good. I can just like play on my phone. I'm like really Really excited about my flash on my camera.  I don't know why I haven't gotten it sooner because That could have helped so many of my photos and like makes me so mad But like also I have to realize that you're just gonna keep getting more Technology that's gonna help you succeed even more and that's just how it goes But I don't know I just wish I had it during all my grad shoots because sometimes the lighting wouldn't be you know Amazing like you could always edit in post But it's just more time that you have to spend on editing if you don't have like great lighting in the first place So I'm really excited about the flash and I took really cool pictures of Ryan I'll probably already have inserted all of them But he literally looked like a male model, which was amazing because I already posted all of those pictures on my Productions account if you guys don't already follow my productions account. It's called Sonali productions Go follow it. I post a lot of like my grad shoots and just like Photography that I take and it's not always grad shoots like I posted pictures from Italy and like Georgia You know a lot of pictures from the past to like food pictures and stuff like that I also have a food account called Nali Noms, which is like the cutest name ever But I don't really like actively post on that you want to go follow that I'm not gonna stop you, but it's really cute Um and actually has some really good photos on there I definitely need to like really actively post on like all accounts, but I have three accounts Three which is a lot so it's hard to just post because I don't even like really actively post Well, I mean I actively post on my own, but like not every single day So I think it might have been a year and a half ago or I don't know I think it was like during summer that my mom took me to This same spa. I don't know if I told you guys, but we're going to gju. I don't really even know where I am right now I literally almost drove an hour away from Roswell. I think it might be Duluth or Decatur one of the two but I Posted a vlog and I said going to a nude spa. I literally get comments to this day of people being Like I just came here for the nudity and you didn't show anything or something like that and like The hell like you really expect me to put nudity in this video like hello I'm not trying to get demonetized here. I just obviously used it as clickbait It is a nude spa, but like you can't Like take pictures or take videos in there. It's like I'm not gonna show anything It's weird when people comment that I just have so much concern for them But the battery is dying on this camera Asked me if I have a spare battery right now Probably not because I left it at home, which never really happens.  So you don't want it to end. I don't know bittersweet Um, but then my mom also is getting us a facial, which I've never had before from here Um, and then they also have salt caves, which I don't really understand what they are But you basically sit in them and like it does something good for you. I don't know Let me know if you guys know In the comments, they have like a little mini restaurant in there. So I think I usually get ramen So I'll update you guys when I get in there. So I just got done with the services I actually got more than usual. We usually just steal a body scrub, but you got a shoe You got a face mask Amazing It's kind of hurt me a little bit, but it was it was good in the long run And she was like, no, what are you doing? Relax. And I'm like, oh, I know she was telling me to relax a lot And I was like, I can't because when she like put my head up It's like my instinct to like hold it up, you know, she was like relax. So I was like, okay But like it wasn't nice I wasn't though I was relaxed and she's like it's so hard for me to relax Let's start the vlog out. We're at the mall Again Well, so I only wanted to go to the mall and I have to be with pair of pants And I just got off the phone with my sister and we're making plans for tomorrow And we're gonna go snow tubing at snow mountain AKA stone mountain, but like we have like a snow thing going on Yeah, it's fake snow, but should still be really fun. I'm gonna cook when we get home what Whatever we bought yesterday We went grocery shopping yesterday. Yeah, we didn't do a haul. Sorry guys What'd you want to do you need to go to your dad's get something I don't need to but It's kind of on the way home if you really need to go I mean, I would just stop in and get something really quick. What it's spices for my avocado toast I bought toast and avocado and I need my garlic salt and my chili flakes and I literally bought it home Brought it home from college. So We're at the mall Mike called me and asked me if I wanted to go Um, Mike's his brother. Mike is my brother Asked me if I wanted to Um, okay, look at some there's like Clydesdale's coming to this bar.  There's so many. Yeah, there's like Probably 50,000 people here Actually, I'm so bad at like Like averaging people It's a lot a lot of people it didn't look like 50,000, but like I don't know because I'm really bad at that So what are Clydesdale horses? Clydesdale horses are huge horses that are um, like the, um Budweiser Mascot or whatever the commercials And they're here we're going to have better noses Yeah, well, hopefully there's a mob of people just sitting in front of the Budweiser trucks Just like waiting for the horses I didn't think it'd be this popular. I thought it was something Mike found on like facebook like events Right, right, right I'm glad I got ready because we were just going to go to the mall and we didn't really know what we were going to do but Now it's ready for this and I'm wearing a Christmas sweater and a lot of people are dressed like for the season So I fit right in so this is how many people there are. Well, this isn't even it, but there's the horses Wow That's a christmas card dog Yeah So I think they are starting a parade. I thought it was horses. Yeah, I thought you said better Everyone's dispersing running to their cars And wish come on Oh, yeah So we had some oysters and a grilled cheese with like prosciutto in it and that was really good It's their pictures here So now we're in publics because it's just in the complex and I want to make like dessert and on the way here I was like interesting recipes and stuff like that and I wanted to make something like super cool, but like In my heart, I really just want like normal cookies and just want cookies No, that's not the same but public stuff has really good chocolate chip cookies are like my favorite Choices choices choices which one What oh, yeah, let's just get the tub Doesn't matter I don't know.  Did they change their packaging? Looks very different.  It's the downfall of the brain manager. Why? You change a package if you don't recognize your item. Yeah, it looks weird Honestly, like I literally think I got something else They don't look the same weird What a marketing major you are Ryan smart boy We just made cookies, but I want you guys to see this commercial Literally, we're just talking about this while we were buying the cookies. Hey everyone quick FYI Next time you go to the store. The silk has a new look. It looks like this now. Okay So don't look for this. You're looking for this. Don't say it wasn't there. It's there where it always is I was trying to show her. She went in the remote. I wanted to rewind it so bad and show her It's good marketing because now I know And they're wouldn't buy silk. If I was gonna buy silk I would know what to look for instead of what I'm still looking for This is what they're cookies now. They would do that commercial I know. Wow because I always get okay


That's a lot of padding for an outsider That's a hot mug guys. Hey guys, this is my review for the HBO series the outsider based on the Stephen King novel I was very excited for this. I hadn't really learned anything about the novel I was interested in who is attached to it a lot of big names when I did my should you watch this video I've recently discovered that Jason Bateman is far better at drama than he ever was a comedy He was horrible a comedy in my opinion. I've seen this through the Ozarks He starred in this series and he also directed a couple of the first episodes and what I will definitely say is that this has a Lot of padding very Very slow the show creator is also the same guy who ran the wire And if any of you know the wire it was very good, but it was also very procedural and it was very Long, but it didn't hop around stuff It didn't do stuff for dramatic effect if it did it was still in line with proper procedure for the most part ergo why the first season Barely anything happens in it, but it's still riveting and essentially the outsider is the same thing It is a Stephen King procedural crime drama that just so happens to have a monster in it And it actually takes quite a while before that really comes to pass that really comes to the realization Those of you who are supernatural fans who watch my channel essentially This is a 10 hour long episode of supernatural whether that's good or bad for you However, as I've repeatedly mentioned, there is a lot of padding. This is 10 episodes It did not need to be that long. It could have been eight hell It could have been six you wouldn't have gotten as much character development Which is certainly very well done in this show every single character even the side characters have great development That's something that King has always done well And even if his stories aren't as woo as you would think they are at least his characters are well done despite how Kind of soft the ending is the characters arcs are still very well done Ben Middleston is great to see as not a villain for once He's rocking every single dad polo shirt as the main investigator of this show who goes from really dead set on Jason Bateman to kind of realizing there is something else behind the curtain and their Cynthia Ervo's character Holly who is a Kind of peculiar sort of investigator. Apparently. She is also a character that King has featured in his mr. Mercedes novel series This is a very unique character in the King world and that's pretty big to say considering how many characters He has created her performance in the show is great and I really loved how the show was shot very high aperture I know some people must have not liked this But I very much enjoyed how the show was shot this kind of lack of focus this Strain to see what was really behind the curtain and it's only in the last episode that stuff really starts to become clearer I feel like this is the show trying to portray what the characters are feeling in this how much in the haze They are as well as you are in terms of the story and what's going on. It's well shot Well-acted there is some great character development. There's some good writing. It has a decent investigative story It just is a little bit too long has a very soft ending in my opinion in the end I'm gonna give the outsider a four out of seven it really really got chugged down by that length Yes, it's a lot of great story in this but it did not need to be this long I'm pretty certain I think the sixth episode an entire hour one thing happened You can make this interesting but in this kind of story You need to keep your pace going and there was times where I just faced right out because I was just waiting for the next Actual story element to happen anyways guys Let me know what you thought of the outsider and if you liked this video leave a like and if you're interested or more Maybe subscribe. Otherwise. See you guys next time. Thanks for watching the video My name is Nits and you might remember me from the animated cult classic TV show undergrads It's been a while, but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all-new movie Thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign But we are still asking for your support to see any and all updates about the upcoming undergrads movie Be sure to check out and like the bring back undergrads Facebook page and with any luck. We'll see you guys soon


Self-knowledge and Self-realization is real, it's not a concept that you can read a book about and then just not participate in life and not have a partner and not have children and just be somehow there for yourself. Of course you can go into Self-realization experience and with a partner, with your children, with a family, that's the power of this teaching. It's a here and now very, very present teaching, you know, like how children, they bring you to this moment, they bring you to this moment because they are the louder voice of the soul than an adult is that has already been corrupted by all the socialization, you know.


Good evening, everyone, and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with the stock swishing today. I thought it would review BABA. I wanted to take a look and really review the calendar year of 2016 and look at the best trade calls that I've made this year. The interesting thing is that the best trade call that I think I made this year for the options, because this isn't the day trades. This is the option trades I did was actually a long. It was a call in BABA. It was a bullish gap up. It happened here, seems like a long time ago. It was in the summer, August 11th, and I called it to go along the stock. And I called it to do the calls. Stock ran up. It was up a lot of money right away. Every single person that did this that was in the letter or the trading room did it here and made huge profits here. A lot of people got out. I didn't. I stayed with the trade. One day it was negative in here. I added to the position to cross-priced myself down and it rallied back and I ended up making more. I didn't hold it the last day, but boy. Man, oh man, if I had held that the last day, oh, gosh, I look back at that and I say if I had held that the last day, but I still think all in all I did absolutely the right thing because of the fact that this was the week of the Labor Day. So the market was closed on Monday. And when you have a holiday, when you have a holiday going on in the market, you can never be sure exactly what's gonna happen. And so I was up a lot of money and I got out here. But this without a shadow of a doubt was the best option straight I called this year. Not just because of the fact that it was profitable immediately and huge. And no matter what you did with it, you made money. Well before expiration. But the one thing that made this such a good call looking back is that I saw that the stock would explode after the gap up which actually was red in the day and closed red. So the earnings happened in the gap up and I raided the gap. I didn't go long this as a day trade but I went long it as an option. I gave myself a lot of time. But the fact is that I predicted that the stock would explode after the earnings despite the large gap up and the fall in the day on the day of the earnings. I predicted the explosion and it went even more actually. This is all the power of the gap and the reading system and what I do. It was a correction that happened actually in the stock from being in a downtrend falling, falling, falling and then gapping up and doing the correction and the gap rated good. But I didn't day trade it but I did this as an option to get the explosion and it was a really good call. It was one of those crazy Melissa calls that people say from my broker to my students to everybody, how did you know that was gonna do that, Melissa? You know, it's the reading system. It's what I teach in the class, it's what I know and the ingenuity and intuitiveness of me to actually be able to predict something was do that and then put the money on the line, which I did and it worked. So this will go down as one of the trades I will remember from 2016. If I had held it into this last explosive day on Tuesday, often it expired at the Friday of the week but I was concerned about the labor day when the market was closed, I would have made 30 grand. I did not, I ended up making 11 something in here. I'm not gonna complain about making over $11,000. I would never complain in that for my life but I actually would have made even more if I held it.  Everyone's been asking me about this because we made so much money in the trading room on this. I gotta tell you, the stock doesn't look so hot. One of the problems with trading stocks like this is a day trade which I rarely, rarely ever trade Baba as a day trade. Again, I focus every day on gap downs but this stock has only been open. The history of the stock is two years and two months. You don't have a big history here. I gotta tell you, the break of that gap up on the earnings that did the correction that fell through here despite the fall of the market is not making me feel warm and snuggly. I would not be long the stock. I would not be short the stock. I would not be in the stock at all. I think the stock needs to figure itself out. It's trying to do it. It's trying but it hasn't yet. I wouldn't be in this in any position either way there's no read on this now. It doesn't really look that good. It needs to determine what the course of action for it's to take for 2017. Shell bottom line is we got the move. We got the best move, the biggest move, the most explosive move of the year. It was the best option call I made all of 2016. Every single solitary person made money. So congratulations to everyone that did it. This is the best trade of 2016 I think overall. Day trades an option trades it really was because of the fact that it went immediately profitable so much and it was down for one day and exploded. No matter where you got out, you made money and congratulations to everyone that did it. Have a great day, have a fabulous holiday everyone. If you'd like to sign up for the options letter email me at melissathestockswish.com. I'm doing a special for the happy new year for the options letter. If you're interested in more information email me at melissathestockswish.com and have a very wonderful holiday.


Defense, that's a hell of a job settling down. It looked like defense, okay? So again, we just have to do what we're coached and what we know we can do to execute. Tackle, edge, wall, swarm, Russian cover on third down. That's what it comes down to, okay? Offensively, because we ain't done playing football. I just want to remind you that we're not done playing football. We know we're going to have to scratch and claw and fight for everything that we get, okay? It's no different getting into this tournament, okay? Survive, advance, and we're going to have to continue to improve. Because it doesn't get easier, it gets harder. But you're playing meaningful games, okay? In January, which is what we talked about doing. Enjoy this victory, man. We got it enough. But we know today wasn't good enough, bro. Hell no. When we're going up, we got to be locked in all week. We want to do what we want to do. You got to stay locked in on all three faces, bro. Prissy, Trevor. When we hold each other accountable, let's do that. Like I said, at the beginning of the year, why not us, bro? Bring it in, let's go. Let's go, let's go. Hey, tightens on three. One, two, three, tightens on three.


Toy Story 2 is one of Pixar's greatest sequels. It introduced us to good characters, and it had great moments, especially the climatic plane escape scene. There was even a video game of the movie released. I loved playing it when I was little, and I still do. Although I had happy times with both the movie and the game, I don't think I would want to associate with them anymore. I was outside with a metal detector, looking for something to dig out. And I examined every ground level, until there was a beep. I grabbed a shovel, and I dug out a box. I unboxed it, and it was both a Toy Story 2 poster, and a PC port of the Toy Story 2 game. I was quite surprised, but I wasn't too sure about playing it yet, because I don't really play games much nowadays. When my parents got home, I told them about the box of stuff and they were okay with it. After, I thought I would play the game on a rainy night since my parents and older sister were out. I played the first two levels, plus the first boss that night, and I did the same with the other four zones of the game in the next four days. The day after I beat the PC port, I decided to play some more of the game. However, as soon as I opened up the game, there was a Woody's voice clip saying, As heard in the movie or movies after I pressed the enter button to start the game at the title screen. As I went to the level select menu, it didn't show the levels. Instead, it showed a different screen that said, Congratulations. You have unlocked a bonus level, showing a still of Woody from the scene where he checked out his fixed arm after the cleaner had mended it in a green border. I got confused, but as always, I shrugged it off. It took me to that bonus level. It was labeled as Woody's workshop, which was somehow a hoax of the game. It was placed near the final level, prospector showdown. I pressed a button to select the level, and the level's title card consisted of Woody in front of a workshop that had a similar build of the room of Woody's roundup memorabilia from Al's penthouse and the garage from Andy's house. Enough of that, I got excited to play this level. The level started, and I was in a room full of Woody's roundup memorabilia, similar to Al's penthouse. As I got out of the room, instead of being in the hallway of Al's penthouse, I ended up at a garage-like area. I went to explore the workshop. I saw a couple Easter eggs such as the Luke's O'Ball and the Luke's O'Lem. After two to three minutes of running around, I heard a very familiar voice. Howdy, Buzz. Come here for a second. It sounded much like Woody. I went to follow Woody's voice. It looked like we found another level that Woody appeared in this game. His voice came from upstairs. I already began to like this level. I then found Woody in a room full of paints, tools, etc., similar to a room from another level, construction yard. He was sitting on a table, and he was waving both of his arms, looking normal. I even made contact with him and he said, Hello Buzz, you found me. I am so happy, but you weren't there for me. You neglected me. I am sorry Buzz, but this has to be done. I was baffled at what Woody said. Was he angry that he only appeared in one level? As soon as I finished talking to Woody, all of the robot toy enemies appeared from behind Woody. And they began to chase Buzz, with the same behavior from one of the boss levels, Toy Barny Encounter. I ran from that, but had to fight back. I vanquished all five of them, but Woody came out of the room.  I made contact with him again, and he said something else. You may have defeated my new alias Buzz, but you can't take down my new allies I have made. At that moment, Jesse and Zerd appeared next to him. Like Woody, Jesse also had hollow black eyes and red pupils, and was crying blood, even though Zerd looked normal. I started to get very anxious. I pinched myself thinking this is a dream, but unfortunately, it wasn't. It was time for Buzz to fight Woody and his gang. The boss battles theme is a mixture of Zerd and the prospector's boss themes. Every time I tried to perform the spin attack on Zerd, he would just evade it quickly. However, I was lucky enough to shoot my laser at Woody and Jesse. I defeated Jesse by giving her about 13-16 shots of my laser, and Zerd was cornered so I can use my spin attack on him. Zerd was defeated, and I was left with Woody. I both shot Woody with the laser and used the spin attack on him, but when he reached his last health point, he didn't die. Instead, Zerd and Jesse then came back to life and they, along with Woody, flew into Buzz, making contact with him until he died. I was stunned. What just happened? I thought to myself. After five seconds, it showed the game over screen. However, it was different compared to the one from the final game. The background was green instead of purple, and Buzz was replaced by Woody, Zerd and Jesse. Even the background music was the original game over soundtrack, but it was slowed down and it had a haunting feel to reply to it. After the soundtrack played, there was a deep voice that said, Get well-known characters more love and focus. If not, then sorry, but you'll have to receive your one-hand only clip. I had lots of chills down my spine when I heard that. Did somebody just edit this game? Instead of taking me back to the menu, the game closed. I went to open the game again. However, it immediately took me to the start screen. It showed all of the characters from the game, minus the enemies and other characters that never appeared in the final film. They were in a red background, and the toy story to logo was in flames. Also, the music was Woody's roundup, slowed down and reversed. Buzz then disappeared from the cast after eight seconds. At the same time, Owls laughed from the movie played, with an echo effect. That sent chills down my spine it felt like someone was in my house.  I had to eject the game disc from my computer, threw it on the roof and restarted my computer in case of any errors. After I did all of that, I went out for a drink to recollect my thoughts. I even went to look around the house if Yael was actually here. Luckily, he wasn't. That laugh was only from the game, and not actually happening here. My parents were home, and I told them all about the game being cursed, but they didn't believe me. It wasn't well for me that day. From now on, I am going to stick with not playing any more video games. Who could have done such a thing? Who is behind editing this game? And what more am I going to regret playing this cursed copy?


The Black Viking is back and ready to react. What is happening man besides, so I will set this link to this video that says leaked Star Wars Episode 7 film set footage. Now, I went over to it and it's got over 8 million views, it's got 55,000 likes but it came out in July 2014 so I know it's old but it is really popular so apparently it's real good so let's check this out, I like that, that's nice and that was smooth, whoever did that did a good fucking job, I like that. A little bit of my fill for Star Wars until it finally comes out, please Mr. Abrams, please JJ Abrams bring it out in the summer, please, from what I hear from the fans is that summer was usually the release for all Star Wars movies, don't break that, I know you're going off on something new, you're putting your own spin on it, don't put the release date, don't make that a new spin on things, summertime please, it's legendary, it's epic and we're going to enjoy it no matter, we're going to go see it no matter what, it's Star Wars, it's like going to see Batman, Superman, it's just epicness that you have to see no matter what, do that for me please sir. Post comments down below and hit the like button right now, what am I going to subscribe this, whoo, you may now subscribe.


I think this is probably about the sixth time I've been here. It gets better and better. This splendid hotel. Unfortunately, we are meeting at a very unfortunate time in the history of this country. I've been here for more than 20 years. And for much of the time, you could see good things about the country. Still can, of course. But of course, we've had a bit of a shock. Now, when Anne's asked me to talk this time, I thought the obvious subject to take is religion in politics. And I thought, for a time, I would talk in code. And I will, to some extent. I mean, you'll make the connections as I talk. But we had the great shock in the middle of July of that extraordinary military coup. And what defect that's going to have, nobody knows. It's been inexplicable. Now, I'm going to talk about religion and politics. And one thing I think needs to be said that under this government in Turkey, which is religious and gets more religious, ordinary people live better. I could expand on this without any difficulty at all. It's not what you expect from, frankly, you expect from an Islamic government. Most Islamic states are field states. This isn't. It's quite successful. Now, I think rather than try to talk specifically about religion, which, and it's very difficult to talk about a religion which isn't your own, I would try and put it in the context of religion and politics in Europe. And I should say, as I go around Turkey, except for perhaps bits of the East, I think of it as a European country. And it was in 1453, 2 thirds Christian. And there are connections to be made. If you talk about religion and politics, if you talk about religion from an anti-religious perspective like, say, Richard Dawkins, you can take a large number of tricks right off the top. As Richard Dawkins did rather remorselessly, the poor man forgot that God is not marked. And he had a stroke in Australia at the age of 74, got back to England where his wife said she wanted a divorce. He should be careful of his enemies. It's easy to take tricks off the top. And I'm going to take a few, because I thought, well, is Olivier Richard still here? Oh, good. I thought when you were talking about the Juferri reforms in France, you must know it. But I thought you missed a trick that it's essentially anti-Catholic. After all, the French Republicans could quite easily say France has been ruined by the Catholic Church. The worst mistake in French affairs was the expulsion of the Huguenots. Now, if you look into how the Second Empire worked, this is a fairground regime. I'm a great addict nowadays of the novels of Emile Zola, the world of the gonzoes en tal, these crooked bankers, corrupt journalists, generals with epaulettes like this, with strings of mistresses. The whole thing, making mistake after mistake, I think the biggest mistake it made actually was wrecking old Paris. I would love to see the old Paris back instead of these big boulevards. Now, that regime was the product of the Catholic Church beginning to learn about politics. If Louis Napoleon, rather absurdly, was elected president of France in 1848, it's because the priests led the peasants by the nose. And he triumphed in referendum after referendum. Now, here is one of the things that goes wrong with that sort of government. It appoints the wrong people. And the wrong people led France to what I would have to say, I know we have a German general here, but I think I would have to say it's a European disaster. That is an easy set of tricks to take. Now, when the Republicans come in, they say no more Mother Church, no more of this obsolete, sentimental stuff. And they bring in a French education system which I encountered in the 1950s, and it was formidable. Many things go wrong with the Third Republic. I think the big thing was it didn't make babies. Now, why it's the only country in Europe which didn't make babies, apart from Ireland, I simply don't know something to do with the revolutionary land settlement. Who knows? At any rate, you can understand why the French, the makers of the French educational system, would say, let's get the church out of it. There's another thing which I, as a Scotsman, I won't insist on this, feel deeply and strongly about that it is necessary to stamp out unnecessary languages. If the European Union in its wisdom, in 1707, had existed and imposed the Copenhagen criteria, Scottish Gallic would have been preserved. I would have been the national poet. I would have had an audience of 10. I would have been permanently drunk and I would have been living off handouts from the European Union. Mother Church had a way of supporting these languages which the world is better off without. Breton, for instance, à quoi bon être Breton is well said. And at the same height, they said, a Irish Gallic, but perhaps I don't want to make too many enemies. The Third Republic would secularise the education system and the results, I think, were really formidable. France didn't have industry or not much. By 1900, the French would remade themselves with aircraft and motorcars and electricity, all that and remained an almost artificially strong despite the loss of population. Now, yes, there's a book which I know I'm getting old. There's a book which I absolutely love. It's called New Les Institutaires. It's a lovely book about these school teachers in provincial France. And the story I most liked was, how in Brittany, if a boy in the playgrounds, the boys were given a clog as they went into the playground and any boy speaking Breton was given the clog. The last one coming in to school with the clog was beaten with it by the headmaster. New Les Institutaires. Now, mention of the Second Empire brings me really to the central question of all of this. Can Catholicism, and by implication Islam, be reconciled with liberalism? Now, I mean liberalism in the classical European sense, not the American one. It was the dilemma of the 1860s. And it went on being a dilemma for quite a long time. If you think back to the 1860s, it's a period which I often think of as the first Fukuyama. It wears top hats. It's very full of itself, rectitude. But it believes in progress. It's English-based liberal constitutional progress. It believes in parlance. It believes in tort. It has battalions of lawyers doing things. And it's quite different from the ways of the old regime. And all of Europe got converted to it. Alexander III emancipated the serfs overnight. The decade begins, in a way, with two very nearly contemporaneous events. 1859 saw the publication of the Origin of Species. But a few months before in Lourdes, young Bernadette had her vision of the Virgin. Now, which has had more effect on popular consciousness, one has to ask. Now, as the decade went on, you get the unification of Italy, which was bungled by Napoleon III as he bungled everything else. In 1861, the pope was expelled from Rome and the papal states, which are an example of misgovernment beyond imagination. And he retired to the Vatican, denounced the modern world. He said the makers of the unification of Italy were either hypocrites, if they were Catholics, or they were atheists. A lot of Jews began to come in in the New Italy. Then in 1864, he produces one of the great heroic documents of all time, the syllabus of errors. They're all there, feminism, Masonic things, positivism, science of all sorts, money, banks, all there. 84 of them. It's a heroic document produced at a time when the entire world believed in progress. And then he was the French protectors withdrew. And he lost everything except the Vatican City. And he appealed to the Catholic states of the world not to recognize the New Italy. One Catholic state followed. Do you know which one it was? No, Ecuador. Then in 1871, after the unification of Germany, comes another heroic document, the Declaration of Infallibility. Now you would have thought that a church which had these blows is going to find it very difficult to recover. But it wasn't the church that lost. It was the liberals. 1873 saw the first utterly unexpected stock exchange crash beginning in Vienna and spreading all through Europe, certainly central Europe, which came as a great shock. And the liberals wonder, how do we respond? Some say, protect industry. Others say, more free trade. Some say, protect agriculture and make an alliance with peasants. Others say, we must balance the budget by nationalizing the railways. In England, there was an election which put an end to the Gladstone government. And it was over drink. Should the English be allowed to drink, the English said, yes, Gladstone lost office. Now that came as a bit of a surprise to the liberals who had assumed that they would go on forever, full of themselves. But by the end of the decade, it's the Catholic Church which had picked up the bits. The priests were into politics. You can see how the Catholic aristocracy, who had dominated the Catholic movement before, lose power to lower middle class people with maybe origin as a postman in Bavaria, like Matthias Hertzberger and so many others. The Catholic party organizes itself, adapts to universal democracy, a universal suffrage, or adapts to an extended suffrage, and begins to take commanding positions in a great part of Europe. Belgium, for instance, which had been run by liberal Catholics, is gradually taken over by people of Amor. They've got sympathy with the Flemish. In Austria, you get the party of Karl Lueger, which called itself Christian social, by which Christian is code for anti-Semitic, and social is code for stealing. And it did very well. Then take Bavaria. Now, the Bavarian church is very clever indeed. And they managed to do a deal with the trade unions, by which, in a bus or a tram, the driver is a socialist, and the man who collects the tickets is a Catholic. They begin to take over city governments all through Germany. And the deal would be that the tax, the businesses, usually are often Protestant, and employ their sisters and their cousins and their aunts in varying ways. And this drove the non-Catholics in Bavaria out of their minds. And they set up in 1905 or six a Gauss-Akoali tomb. And it was indeed a koali tomb. The anti-Semites who were, well, apostate liberals, the Jewish liberals, the socialists, the Protestant conservative element all got together with one electoral program. At one point, let's get rid of the Catholics. They got 49.5% of the vote. And Catholicism in Bavaria has gone on triumphant from that day to this. Now, I don't want to talk too much about this, but the success of political Catholicism at the expense of liberalism came as a big surprise. And there's another great, how can I say, prophet in a way, it's not the right word, but somebody else who saw that liberalism was not going to be right, and it's Dostoevsky. And if you read the notes from the underground, there's a figure in that, ranting away, knowing that his moral consciousness is somehow warped. And Dostoevsky has an approach to liberalism, that it's such a distorted view of the world that it will distort the individual within. And the notes from the underworld man is extraordinarily reminiscent of the memoirs of John Stuart Mill. Now, John Stuart Mill is a hero of so many subjects. He knew an awful lot. He was a very modest man, a good writer. He thought about all the central problems of the age, all the things that appear in the syllabus of errors, and the things to say about them. His upbringing was characteristic of that era in that his father taught him Latin and Greek at the age of two and three. And his mother's influence on him was such that he lost his virginity to a dragon at the age of 42. Now, he's almost the classic case of what Dostoevsky was talking about. And since I'm on his subject, Gladstone, another great hero of liberal rectitude, kept his diaries in ancient Greek and used to record his sexual fantasies, which he controlled when he was chancellor of the Exchequer by having a little golden whip, slagulating like that poor man. Now, that's a criticism of liberalism which I won't go along with. I think it's not necessary to go that far. But it's just to point that the Catholics were onto something and were as liberalism disintegrated. It kept going in England. I think you'd probably agree. It kept going in England because Gladstone and others managed to find the trick of an alliance with the Catholics. Liberals everywhere else couldn't bear Catholics and almost defined themselves by anti-Catholicism. But in England, the English genius, if you like, somehow they found common ground and liberalism went on. And even socialism didn't denounce the Catholic Church. Glasgow, my city, went red in 1920 or 1919 when the Catholic vote switched away from the liberals to the socialists. But still, the liberalism was finished by Catholicism. Now, I think we're left with, let me jump forward a little, we're left with, I think, two interesting questions. First of all, you'll have noticed that in the 20th century Catholic countries found it difficult to combine not just with liberalism but with democracy. It's Italy, Spain, which Catholic countries in Eastern Europe, which in one form or another fall for some variant or other of fascism. Although in Germany, it's the Protestants who were more strongly Nazi than the Catholics ever were. Still, we can say there is a certain weakness as far as the relationship of Catholicism and democracy is concerned. You can obviously say orthodoxy has a similar weakness. I'm not from Russia, Ukraine, Greece just about gets away, but quite recently and so on. Now, can anything be made of questions of that sort? And I think it's too difficult. Max Weber tried to argue that there was a correlation between Protestantism and meaning, in effect, Calvinism and capitalism. He wrote the book in very bizarre circumstances. His past had been a very German nationalist. He wrote statistics proving that Polish peasants were buying up too much land in Pomerania or West Poison. He made a famous inaugural speech saying that what Germany needed was a navy. It was very popular. And it ended up at the bottom of the North Sea, having fought for a day and swallowed half the money for the army, a mistake, in other words. He sort of grew up having got married to a dragon as it happens and had a very brief affair with an electric woman, which caused a nervous breakdown. She came and did it again after three years. He got up whistling. And in six weeks, flat, read, wrote Protestantism and capitalism on the basis of one book, Baxter's History of Methodism. And he mainly talks about his cleaning lady at the beginning. That book, everybody has said, all wrong. From 1903 onwards, or more or less 1903, it's been denounced ritually. In other words, it's got a point. But you know, any effort to show correlations of Protestantism and capitalism just sort of break down. I was reading a book of Vindromontanelli, who's an Italian genius. And he sort of assumes that the Calvinists think that somehow people are predestined to if they're successful. It doesn't work. I don't pretend to understand the theology of it, but it simply doesn't work. I'm not sure what does work. The latest theory, at least the latest I read, is that the Weber Calvinists were successful in the Netherlands, in England, in Germany, because they were immigrants, rather like the Jews of the 1930s. I pass. I think these questions are possibly unanswerable. Now, sorry, give me a moment. Now, why should this be a religion which loses its intellectual backing with Darwin and so often later, which gets ritually denounced not just by rather rationalist souls like Richard Dawkins, but by really rather spectacular arguments like Christopher Hitchens? Why is it that it was so successful in the later 20th century? Christian democracy has done remarkably well. And it's worth thinking about this. Now, the first thing to be said, and here I absolutely join with Tony Daniels. And I would also say that this is where I can come back to my Turkish theme. The secular state can be very arid for a start. It's not a particularly inspiring thing. And the second thing is that it can be subject to corruption. Now, if you go out and ask, I won't say in modrum, but if you go, let's say, up the road to Denizli, which is quite a pious town, and you ask people in the street, where would you send your child? They'll say, we send them to a religious school because the state schools are just full of druggies and the girls are corrupted from a very early age. And to some extent, this is true in Western Europe. I stand to be corrected on this, and I don't want to exaggerate. But significant things have gone wrong with the secular state, which I think in Turkey, which saw the corruption and much else of the 1990s, has caused a religious reaction. The interesting question here is, why did it take this form? There were in the 1980s perfectly civilized people like Turgut Erzal, or especially Süleyman Demirel, who promoted the country, which got more and more prosperous under a messy surface. And then we have had this religious reaction coming up, which is making the country more religious and has been doing so since 2011. It's, of course, causing considerable tensions. I sometimes think that it's sometimes not unlike Spain in 1936, where half the country blames the other half, either for being religious or not being religious at all. Things have become tense here, and I never expected, and God knows I hope they get over them. But we're still left with, I think, the biggest question of all, which I leave to the very end, which is, is Islam combatable with liberalism? Because we're really talking about liberalism rather than democracy. You can have a sort of referendum-style democracy where everybody says, ah! Or you can have a proper election with arguments. And we're really talking about liberalism, tolerance for people who are different, the kind of state that so many of us really just want to grow up in. And I think the jury is very much out on that. I won't pretend to be an expert on Islam. I noticed the two chief French ones, what's his name, Olivier Wa and Capel, that they are not talking to each other about what is going on. And it's very difficult for me, although I've read some of the books. I won't pretend to be any kind of expert on it. But the question really is, can the good Islamists or the good Muslims, in Daniel Pipes' sense, can they come up and start tolerating other people as, after all, Islam used to do? Or do we have to go on with a religion which goes on playing the same note remorselessly again and again and again and again and louder and louder and louder and louder. What do we do about it? I don't pretend to know. I'll end on this. Neil Ferguson, whom I used to teach, he's a wonderful man, has proposed setting up with Graham Allison in Harvard a historical advisory council for the president, saying that, after all, they have economic advisors. Why don't we have a historical advisory board as well? Well, I think I can tell him that history is an enormous school for caution. And if you want to hear your advisors saying no all the time, set up such a body, thank you.