I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor of the Department of Education at the Skarna Girls' Tree College, University of Allahabad and it is my email ID. The lecture will be in my lingual mode and we are going to discuss a new topic today, Moral Development. In moral development, we have to study pride's theory, PRJ's theory, Colbert's theory and Turiel's theory in which I have firstly started with JPRJ. And this lecture will be useful for various teaching examinations and do subscribe my channel for getting my new videos and for my previous videos too. So, let's start. Moral Development. Our paper's name is Development of Learner. That's why we are covering all the developments in detail in which we have developed cognitive development, language development and you are talking about moral development. Nathik Vikas. How does Nathik Vikas happen in children? What is the meaning of Nathikta? How do they understand the difference between right and wrong? How do they take decisions? All these things have been thought and told us in the form of theory. So, we have to pay attention to one thing, that the PRJs have their main theory of cognitive development and they have talked about language development and they have also talked about moral development. Moral development is not a brand new theory. It is a cognitive development. So, first of all, what is Morality? Moral Development? Morality is a code of conduct. We all know that Nathikta is a way of acting. That guides our actions and thoughts. Based on our own background and what is the basis of it? Where do we come from? What does our culture belong to? What is the philosophy of our life? What are our religious beliefs? All these things decide how we work and how we think. Then, Moral Development is a gradual change in the understanding of morality. That means, we are not always moral. We are not children. Why? Because there is no development of that kind. Children sometimes do not think about your point of view. And then we are sometimes angry at them that you do not think like that. Because their thinking is not developed at that time. Then, children's ability to tell the difference between right and wrong is a part of their moral development processes. This is the yoga of children in which they can tell, they can make a difference that what is right and what is wrong. This is a part of their Nathik Vikas. Then, as their understanding and behavior toward others evolve over time. That means, what is the development of time? How do we keep our understanding and behavior towards others? When do we become worthy of understanding the other's side? They apply their knowledge to take the right decisions even when it is inconvenient for them to do so. That means, when they learn to take other's advice, when they understand the perspective, then they apply that knowledge to them so that they can take the right decision. Despite this, they will have difficulty in taking the right decision. It will not be easy for them to take the right decision. Even then, they will take the right decision. If they understand it, they will have lost their Nathik Vikas. Then, according to P.A.J, for P.A.J, children's moral development is closely related to their cognitive development. That is, the child's Nathik Vikas is very different from the Sanjana Atmak Vikas. In other words, children are only capable of making advanced moral judgments once they become cognitively mature and see things from more than one perspective. They are saying that only then can the Nathik Vikas be of advanced level. Only then can the Nathik Vikas be of advanced level. When the Sanjana Atmak Vikas has been confirmed, and things are worthy of seeing from the perspective of others, then we will understand the other's side. When we will only understand our side, then we will not be able to take the right decision. As you said, P.A.J has given his theory in 1932. P.A.J formulated the cognitive theory of moral development in the moral judgment of the child in 1932. So, this is the question that comes up in 1932. Then, his theory of children's moral development is an application of his ideas on cognitive development. That is, the Sanjana Atmak Vikas, according to his thoughts, he used the same theory and said that the child's Nathik Vikas is like this. Then, P.A.J conceptualizes moral development as a constructive process whereby the interplay of action and thought builds moral concept. He says that the Nathik Vikas is a Sanjana Atmak Prakriya. He is a constructivist. That is, the construction of it. And in construction, who is playing a role? Action and thought. That is, what do we do and what do we think? These are the two interplay. They are interplayed. And our Nathik Sam Pratya is a rule. P.A.J was principally interested, not in what children do. That is, P.A.J was not interested in this. He was not interested in what the child was doing. But in what they think. In fact, what he thinks. Why? Because his whole theory is on Sanjana. So, Sanjana means thinking. So, what is the child doing? It does not mean what is the child thinking. What is he thinking about? In other words, he was interested in children's moral reasoning. In other words, we can say that what was he interested in? Why? He was interested in the child's Nathik Tarka Karnaikikshamta. What is that? And what are the three main points in which our moral development and moral issues have been discussed? P.A.J was interested in three main aspects of children's understanding of moral issues. They were, what were they? First, children's understanding of rules. What is the concept of rules in children? Understanding of moral responsibility. What is the responsibility of Nathik in them? And what is the concept of justice? That is, these are the rules. Moral responsibility, justice. So, this also became a question. That he will give you four options. And he will say which one is not or which one is. The issue on which P.A.J talks about rules, responsibility, justice, something else will be thick, something will be something. You should tell them that they have talked about rules, moral responsibility, and justice. Then, he tells the stages of that way or he talks about moral thinking of P.A.J. He says that children think of two ways. Nathik is concerned about two ways of child. One is heteronomous morality and an autonomous morality. He has discussed this morality completely. He says that heteronomous morality is of moral realism. And the autonomous morality is of moral relativism. Heteronomous means, hetero means vision. Otto means sum. That is, vision means that there is an inclusion of another third party. And autonomous means that we think like this. You can understand from this. Realism means that it was. Relativism means that we will become relative as soon as we see the other party. He is telling the time period of normal morality. When a child is up to 5-9 years old, he thinks like this. If he is above 9 years old, he goes to the autonomous morality. So, what is heteronomous morality? He says that the stage of heteronomous morality is also known as moral realism. He talks about this here. That we know heteronomous morality as moral realism. Then morality imposed from the outside. Heteronomous means that we think in a certain way. It means that there is an inclusion of a third party. Who is the third party here? An authoritative figure. He is saying that the child that is shown here is imposed from the outside. That is why heteronomous is common. And when we think from the inside that it is right or wrong, that it is right or wrong, then it becomes autonomous. So, morality is imposed from the outside. This is clear. Then children regard, sorry. Children regard morality as obeying other people's rules and laws which cannot be changed. Children believe that other people have made some rules. These rules are not changing. These rules are not changing. These rules are not changing. And we have to believe them. Children regard morality as obeying other people's rules. That is, they have not made any other rules which cannot be changed. For example, universal. They cannot be changed. Then they accept that all rules are made by some authority figures. They believe that all the rules are made by some authority. For example, the parents have made them. The teachers have made them. And that breaking the rules will lead to immediate and severe punishment. And what does he believe? If he breaks the rules, what will happen? He will be punished. He will be punished immediately. For example, we teach children that if they lie, then God will get angry, God will give sins, etc. So, he thinks that these rules are made by God. God has made the rules. The parents have made them. The teachers have made them. The teachers have made them. They will not be punished. That is why they believe that they will not be punished. For the sake of the punishment. Then during this stage, During this stage, children consider the rules as being absolute and unchanging or divine. They think the rules are absolute. That means that in every age, we have to accept them in the same way. What was the purpose of that behaviour? It has nothing to do with it. It has nothing to do with the fact that we didn't have a purpose to recognise or do anything wrong. It is just the result that is observable. What they can see is that they feel that they have done a lot of harm. It doesn't matter if we did it intentionally or intentionally or what was our purpose behind it.  They say that it happened accidentally or accidentally. But if there is a big loss, they think it is too much of a harm. Whereas, if we intentionally harm someone, even if they are small, they think it is less of a harm. Then why are they saying moral realism? Children send to judge naughtiness in terms of the severity of the consequences, rather in terms of motives. It is a result of how difficult, how dangerous and how difficult it is to judge whether the act is good or bad. What was the purpose behind it? This is what Piaget means by moral realism. Piaget says that this is moral realism. In Yathart, as it is real, we consider it as real. Whereas, when we go into moral relativism, they will think relatively. Then they will think from the perspective of the other person. Once again, you should know that we should look at it with the help of cognitive development. So, you should know that what state will be in cognitive development until the age of 9 years. So, according to this, when you cross 9 to 10, cognitive development will be in the state of development. So, all these things must be given to you. Then, Autonomous Morality. You are saying that the stage of Autonomous Morality is also known as moral relativism. Morality based on your own rules. You are saying that when we make our own rules, then we come into Autonomous Morality. Children recognize that there is no absolute right or wrong and that morality depends on intentions, not consequences. When a child comes to this level, it is understood that nothing is always right or wrong. Absolute right or wrong is not a thing. And Naitikta says that our goal is not that what the result is. Then Piaget believed that around the age of 9 to 10, children's understanding of moral issues underwent a fundamental reorganization. When a child reaches a certain state, the understanding of moral issues becomes a fundamental reorganization. But now, they are beginning to overcome the egocentrism of middle childhood. We have learned that when a child is in the early stages of cognitive development, he becomes egocentrism. He thinks only about himself. He has not understood the perspective of the other child. So, what happens here is that slowly, the child starts to get away from egocentrism. He overcomes it. That is, we understand that we have to understand each other too. Middle childhood and have developed the ability to see moral rules from other people's point of view. That is, we get the advantage that the Naitikta Nia develops the way of looking at other people's perspective. Children begin to realize that if they behave in ways that appear to be wrong, but have good intentions, they are not necessarily going to be punished. They begin to understand that they are doing something that may seem wrong to them. But they do not know if their intention was wrong or not. So, it is not necessary that they are punished. This understanding develops them.  They say that here they understand that if we intentionally do not want to do anything bad, but if something bad happens, then we will have to bear less blame. Whereas, if we want to do something very bad, even if something bad has not happened to others, they understand that it is wrong. That is, there should be intention. There should be no more emphasis on the consequence, rather there should be more emphasis on the intention. Intention should not be wrong. This understanding comes into the Autonomous morality. So, they have only shown two types of morality. The heteronomous and the Autonomous. The heteronomous is the Autonomous. In the heteronomous, we understand that the rules cannot be changed. The rules cannot be changed. The rules are not changed. The rules are made by others. The rules are made by elders. And we have to believe in them. And they do not have any intention. They just see that what is wrong is wrong. Then in the Autonomous, we understand that we understand the other aspects. We overcome the egocentrism. We understand that the intention should be right. We get all these things in the Autonomous morality. So, if we want to critically evaluate, then reliability and validity are less. Why is reliability less? This research is based on very small samples. Do you know that you yourself researched on your children about cognitive development. And they applied cognitive development on language development, on moral development. So, reliability is less. This method is not standardized and therefore not replicated. Then what is validity? The biggest problem of validity is that whatever they thought, they did the testing. Whatever they did not think, they did not do the testing. Whatever was not in their minds, they did not do the testing. So, their validity is less. What he thinks, he is testing. Hence, it is not very much valid too. Then understanding children's trait of development. They are saying that there are nine children in the heteronomous and heteronomous environment. A lot of researchers have told us that the children are super smart. We feel that they are not following any stage of development. And very smart from the very beginning. So, understanding children's trait of development may be discrepancy. PRG argued that the shift from moral realism to moral relativism up to the age of 9 and 10. This is changing in the heteronomous and heteronomous and in the heteronomous environment. And their children, younger than this, do not take motives into account when judging how much someone is to blame. They are saying that a smaller child does not understand that we have to blame according to the motive. But other researchers suggest that children develop an understanding of the significance of subjective facts at a much earlier age. We also tell the other side of the story that a very early child feels subjective. The other side of the story, the other side of the story, the other side of the story, does not need to go to 9-10 years. So, this is a critical evaluation of PRG's theory. This theory has a very, you can say, solid ground in the field of moral development. And based on this, Kolberg Sahab extensions this theory and tells us three major stages of which two sub-sub-stages make up six stages of moral development. And the most popular theory of moral development is Kolberg's theory of moral development which we will discuss later. Okay? So, one theory is done today. Thank you. And don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel Explore Education. Okay? So, thank you so much. Thank you. I'll see you in the next video. Thank you. Bye-bye.


had his eyelid skin completely melted off, which was the worst way to start the graduation, you know. Anyway, moving right along, moving right along.  Yeah, we're gonna be a bit flat today. It's been a, I think our bodies are starting to give out, had a bit of a celebration on the weekend. And fuck, yeah, work up on Sunday and it's been downhill since then. So it's gonna be a low energy episode. How high are you out of 10? But yeah, we've had a little bit of weed to try and make it look weird at least. You know, so it's like... Probably like five out of 10. Oh, so it's like the silent weird type, funny. Yeah, I'm keen on just doing a bit of weed oil. Sort of detoxing. Been having my vital greens again. Yeah. I'm gonna start exercising.  Big, big divots.  Big bullet wounds. It's stretches in the holes. It's like a beehive. Yeah, it's not good. It's not looking good. We haven't worked out probably for a long time. Isolation's really like...    Do you have any ideas to wake up in the morning? Yeah, I know. It's just fucking...   Fuckin' bedtime.   We're slowly getting there as well with Twitch guys. We figured out we've gotta do like eight hours of live stream before we can...  To be in the whatever you call them. It's pretty much set up now. And Matt Brown. He's sitting back in his chair. He's sitting on like a bar stool and he's sort of leaning back and his arms are folded and he's looking at me, looking at Michael, looks back down to the soundboard. Is that what you call that? The soundboard? Do you ever play with it?  No, he keeps looking up and down. Yeah, sometimes. Because sometimes you get very loud and down.    You asked. Yeah, I know.   Oh, speaking of research, what have you done? Have we got it?  Some of these facts are out of my mind, worldview ZX to the nth degree, my friends. ZX? Yeah. That's when Z goes before X. Yeah, which never happens. That's in a different universe.   It could be a cancer. It could be a brain tumor as well. No! Optical.   They got him a giggle. Oh, this is sponsored by the University of Markle.com.  What did we just watch before? We did the gel blast of it. Yeah, we really did it, except it's crazy. And so you can just remember it's 14 days free.  It's 14 days free. So if you want to watch the videos that are on there already, we found it like a way around it. So you never have to really pay.   Yeah, so but we're selling right out. We're out of here. We're selling right out.  We want that dollar dollar. We want to be able to make money for what we do. No, Facebook don't pay that well. Reigning. Reigning cash. And yeah, so we want that. So please give us your money and subscribe to that. All right, on this day in... Oh, hello, Matthew. Oh, off to the side. He's adjusting the lighting. I'll have a Matthew Brown, thanks. I'll have a Matthew Brown and I'll move that around. Brown and round, rhymed. That was cute. Look at him. Look at his package. Yeah, you can see his bulge through his pants. He do have a bit of a bulge.  Yeah, it was just like space. All right, they still kept the groove.  Thanks, man. OK, on this day in 1960, Jeffrey Rush started burying his fingernails in the backyard in hopes that fingers would grow so that he could go with them. When the fingernails didn't grow, Jeffrey's frustrations grew so intense that he king hit his wife right in the sternum. Oh, that would hurt.  Yeah, hard enough. Hundred percent. Would it just, what, shatter it and then go into your lungs?  Probably a throat hits really dangerous. Yeah, I'll text Jeffrey and let him know. All right, on this day in 2005, Megan Fox learned how to excrete a sticky substance from the palms of her hand so that she could scale the sides of buildings much like a gecko. She has been seen scuttling along the sides of high-rise buildings and flicking her tongue at passing birds. She's still hot, though. Yeah, how did she flick her tongue? I'm not sure. I think she sort of just... Just one? Yeah, as fast as she can. Wow.  I think there's a very weird little gecko thing there about Megan Fox.  I saw her recently. She was in a film clip. High-rise building. Machine gun Kelly. Yeah, MGK's latest Bloody Valentine. Good film clip. Are they dating? She still looks as hot as ever. Oh, I wonder. No, no. Definitely. He definitely would have had a turn. Is that fake news? Yeah, it's fake news. He would have had a go. I wonder if they'll use that trick she can do for the movie. Yeah, no, she's not in a movie. It was just a film clip.  On this day in 1996, Nicholas Cage started breaking his fingers regularly. He was seen jumping up as high as he could and landing with his entire body weight on his outstretched fingers.  Just imagine seeing someone do that. Yeah, I've seen her on YouTube. It's like, it went viral. So you jump up, then quickly straighten your finger. Well, you just land with your full body weight like that. And so your legs would be facing the sky. Yeah, okay. Outstretched. And they would spread out. So it's like high jump. Picture a belly flop. High jump. You know how they flop over, but you land on your outstretched fingers.  Yeah, so apparently he would break them and then go and reset them at the hospital. And then as soon as they were healed, he would go and break them again. And then you just did that for like a period of three or four years. Wow. That must have been before going in 60 seconds. Or maybe during, maybe even during that.  Typing.  That was before going in 60 seconds. Yeah. He was only six where he broke his hands, but 2000 was gone in 60 seconds. Yeah, that's probably what. That's how it all aligns. Yeah, all the lines now. They probably told him to stop doing that. And he said, all right. Because you can't steal cars.  That's how he stole cars. He would break his hands so they could easily get into the window. Ah, that's how he did it. Director. Fuck. Good research. There's director policies. Good research.  That's the level high growl. Growl? Growl. On this day in 1983, Robert De Niro gently sat on some store-bought eggs for seven days straight. He was very gentle and would whisper sweet words, sing and stroke them lovingly. Incredibly, the eggs started hatching half chick, half De Niro creatures. De Niro raised the creatures as normal children slash pets and the De Niro creatures are all grown up now and live in Hollywood. Most of the creatures are rapists. Wow.  So what? They're like half chicken. Half De Niro creatures, yeah.    I didn't hear about that on the news. Yeah, I know. They always try and squash it. They, oh, hush, hush, big hush, hush. I give you money, hush, hush it. That's what De Niro would have said. And then they just fucking, you know what I mean? Yeah, exactly, dude. 100%, I get that. You know what I mean? And now it's time for...  Elven language, I believe he says it is. Oh. Matt, from the elves? Is that right? Elves. He's yes, okay. Elves is a pretty word. I want to call my... Disgusting. Like it's really, really weird. He plays like Dungeons and Dragons or something, but it's a strange language. Oh yeah, true. It is sort of fucking, yeah. Anyway, the segment has been renamed to...  But shawr. I love the ending. But shawr. So yeah, which is Elvish for... Let's read some questions that you guys have sent in via Instagram. And sometimes we see comments. Where do we send the questions to? Send them to the atMarty and Michael Instagram account, okay? Not our ringworms. Just the main account and we'll get to them. But there's heaps now. So just keep sending those questions in week after week.  Stab them right up it. Yeah, and I only go through a few and there's so many.  Now, this isn't a question, but this is from Jonesy.30. And he's asked us to talk about this because he's got a wife. No, not a wife, a girlfriend.   Cunt! A podcast from Ireland. Love from Ireland. Cunt!   All right, next one's from Haydn Rendell. And he has asked, do you guys see yourselves so far ahead of Stephen Hawking's? Or are you still trying to get to his level in your opinion? It's hard. Different levels. He was more like his work was like, you know, in philosophy and stuff like that. Ours is just strictly... We're more practical experiments.  You know what I mean? I'd say he might be just smarter in the head. His thinking method was similar.   We make it simpler for the common person. Yeah, ask anyone on the street, what's experiments Hawking's done cunt?   No one knows. But people ask people what Marty and Michael on the streets.  I'll tell you what now for free.   I'll tell you that one for free, my brother. Thanks. Renak Revan Kha. Revan Kha. Will you ever do a live podcast? Oh, man. Oh, it's definitely something I'd like to explore.  I love you finished.   People don't see that. And we can't do that live, obviously. Yeah. All right, next one's from Harry Brolyer.  Love the content. Hugh Jackman's tonal?  We're probably above the tonal. Maybe it could be the tonal. If he Googles it and something comes up, that's beating us. Anyway, we'll get there. How does it feel?   I feel tired, fatigued, malnourished, like a constant hangover. Hey, that's how life is for me. You just want to roll into a ball and accept. Yeah, the fame, fuck, it's not all. It's not.  That's not even that. It's a very low level fame.  Let me buy you a beer. That's about that's how good it gets. I think I think the level of fame for you was in Bali on your birthday. And you and me are about to go down a zip wire.    I vaguely remember that. Yeah, fuck, that's what it's like. Yeah. You feel that smoking can't from the internet. So I don't know people that would say like, oh, from Facebook, go from the phone.  You're on the screens. You're in the telomavision.  You're alive.  You're real. Malfunction. You're real. Malfunction. Or fun. Imagine just nothing. Next one is Rachel Dunaway. Hey, Wankers question for the podcast. She won the free membership, by the way. Oh, wow. Well done, Rachel. If we had to be in a TV sitcom family, which would we choose? Meh. Oh, a TV sitcom family. Oh, that's very good. Maybe first would be Always Sunny in Philadelphia, which I can see. I wanted to say that. I can't think of any at the moment, Rachel. I'd be in The Simpsons. Which character would you be? I'd be Marty in The Simpsons. No, you'd be Mr. No, you'd be Smithers. Oh, God.   And he's asked, have you ever tag teamed with Matthew Gregory Brown from Wholesome? This is for you, Marty, on a massive dairy cow. No, that's never really expressed an interest in my cow.  Like a hot cow.    I'm going to say no, but pussy, you know, 4 am in the morning. Yeah, too many wines. Yeah, too many wines. Two cases deep. Yeah, couple of cups. A couple of valves. Straight cow out the front. Marty's there.  Come on, Marty. You do it. Jump on. I'll have a go for it for the boy. That's it.  Here, the boy. Come on, please say yes. Just at least finger the thing. Yeah, of course he would. All right. Yeah, he definitely would.  All right, next question is from Rory underscore Kiwi underscore 93.  I'd relax my entire body and let my body float down a river and I would meditate as I slowly dissolve into sand. What a bore. That's pretty weird. What about, OK, he said, if you just had your way with it and then I'd had a go.  She should be cool with it. Yeah, if it's the same cow, then yeah, I would obviously be like, there's no attachment there. Like, I haven't really thought about it.  Well, yeah, most of the time, yeah. And it'd just be a bit of a shame coming back after. Like, if he'd been because I always come back and have a look at him a bit, like, just to see the sight had been disturbed, though, that's probably the only thing where it'd be. I guess it'd look cooler because they'd be a lot of the time like rotting or yeah. But like, if I guess you'd be fine, yeah, he'd be fine with it. Yeah, but that is OK with me, mate. All right, last question is from Noah Jasek.  Health scares. Yeah, death, death's mine.   So it's like, it's always like, when's it going to happen? When's it coming, huh?  When's the news? Yeah, so you just try and have fun with the days you have before that news. Do you guys get a bit of anxiety from work, like doing social media? Oh, of course. Yeah.  It's a video every week. There's a, you know, there's a lot of.  Like, I love it is it's fun.   You get too high. I get too high sometimes on the marijuana's. And I can just go so deep into my brain and I think about death. And then it's like, fuck, that gives me anxiety. That's to be honest. Cuckoo man, for you, I know. And that's question time. All right, next segment has been renamed in Elfish by Matt Brown, the researcher, researcher. And it has been renamed to. And this segment is just where we open up the PO box that you guys have sent through this week. All right, so this week, we hadn't been sent anything. So we've gone and pretended that we've been sent something.  I wonder can't be good for you to breathe in that. Yeah, I haven't read that. So that's. Hey, it's pretty like that. That's a spray that that's he's if he didn't know. Oh, God. I feel sick. Man, that is intense. I really they're really hags in the air, doesn't it? Oh, my God, dude, this is carcinogens.  We live because of that decision. Fuck, dad. Oh, my God, there's presents. There's presents in me. All right, that's the end of the PO box segment this week. Hello, hello, everyone. Get her wave at the screen, everyone. Hello, it's Marty Michael here. And we just want to let you know it's stunt time. Woo. Now this is mixed with science, too. So it's stunt with science time.        That's something out of the cartoons.  I say cartoons, not real. 100 per 100 percent. All right, so we'll grind some pepper.  Imagine if I had secretly made my own prank video here and I'd replace the pepper with black tar heroin.  I guess we'll wait until the end. No, that's pretty good. He's using Buddha to crush the pepper to snort. All right, here we go. He's going to prove, disprove that you'd have to sneeze when you inhale pepper. And he's leaning down. He's snorting. He's snorting. Oh, he's nailed the whole line as a romper. Let's see. Let's see. He's come up. Let's see what happens.   Wait, there's a sneeze coming on, maybe.   It's in my bag. Whoever writes that is shithead. Brain and belly. Whoever writes that is shithead. Whoever writes that is shithead. Well, a lot of people actually were saying side effects are snorting black pepper. Include pain, which you didn't resolve any pain. There's definitely some pouring out of his nose. There is a burning sensation there. Nasal bleeding. Then they go back to pain, then more blood, instant regret. Continuous bleeding and suicidal thoughts. You added that in.   There's going to be a rough night. Don't tell me stuff like that. That is fucking. Yeah, but you just proved it wrong.  There you go.   Now I'm more uncomfy. I'm more uncomfy. But fakes ain't uncomfortable.  Kids, don't snort pepper. All right, next and final segment brings us to next and next and next Conor, stop editing that. He was doing a remix on it. Now people are going to think that that's Conor editing that and not me doing that. He's doing tricks.  No, no, it's, um, no, no, it's, um, that's Conor editing that. Who are? Stop doing that Conor. People just want to get on with the show. They don't want to hear that solution. No, they see me moving too. Yeah, it's editing.  My throat hurts, man.  It's all dry. I'm sippie-ling sad. Prank call time. Uh, segment has changed to well, mackerel, fish, like, mountain tube, which is an elfish song at the pubs. Oh, he's hurting now. Where's your a- It's getting worse and worse. We're going to put on a silent. This week, we're going to call good old Domino's. And while I'm talking to the Michael's going to say a word into his mic, it could be like a word like pretzel. And then I have to get the Domino's employee to say that word. Zilmia. G'day, mate. Um, is what suburb you guys in? Sorry? What suburb are you guys in? Domino's Zilmia. Zilmia. OK, great. I was just checking to see if I was calling the right one. Yeah. Um, can I just make a pickup order, please? Yeah, it's quite a big one. It's five pizzas. Is that is that just what's that? Is there a grocery store near you guys? It's like, is there a grocery store near you guys as well as I can? Is there an IGA near you guys? Yeah, I, uh, before the IGA. OK, sweet. Yeah, so for the first pizza, can I just get a large meatlovers, please? On a classic crust? Yeah, sure. Just give me a minute, just give me a minute. That's fine. No worries, mate. Hello. Hey, mate. What was my car park? Also, can you say the word car park? Sorry? Can you say the word car park? Yeah, we do have the car park. Car park, OK, sweet. Well, can I just get one large Hawaiian pizza? And can I get the stuffed crust on that one? Garlic bread. On a classic crust? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yep. And what sides do you guys have? Yeah, I really have the garlic bread, meatball, pizza bread, cheesy bread. Stem cell. All right, sweet. For the fourth pizza, can I please? Can I please get a? Oh, it's like the cheese and stuff all over it. I think they have they have stem cells. Do you guys have stem cells? Sorry? Stem cells? Do you guys have stem cell toppings? He's going to put the manager on this. Tom Mozenma, hello. You're good, mate. How are you going? They are there, so. So what is this? It's a barbecue meatloaf, Hawaiian and pepperoni. Yep. And the garlic bread on the side. Garlic bread on the side, yeah. Yep. And the pepperoni was with a stuffed crust pizza base. A cheesy crust, yeah? Cheesy crust, sorry. My correction. My correction. Do you guys have the stem cell toppings? Sorry? Do you guys have stem cell toppings? Oh, no, no. Can you just say that word, though? Sorry? Can you say stem cell? Stem cell? Yeah, yeah. All right, sweet. All right, so how many pizzas is that? For the fourth, I'll get the margarita, the cheesy. That's just the cheese one, isn't it? Steve. Margarita, that's how. You'll be getting tomato on the cheese. OK, sweet. I'll get one of them. And the steve. And also, do you guys have the steve? Sorry? The steve? So what's that? The steve. No, sorry, we don't know. Can you say it, though? Because I just I don't believe you unless you say it. Well, the steve, hello. Did you say it? Big sir? The steve. I want you to say the steve. Sorry, I'm not able to hear you. I said say the steve. Say this steve. S-T-I-F-F. S-T-I-F-F, say the steve. Yeah, there we go. All right, so the last ones, yeah, the margarita. And also, and just a 1.25 litre Pepsi with an abortion iced tea. What, what do you guys have abortion iced tea? No, no, no, no iced tea. What kind of iced tea don't you have, though? We don't have the iced tea. Yeah, which one specifically was I asking for, though? Abortion. Abortion, yes, correct. All right, sweet. Cancel that order. Actually, I don't want it anymore, but thank you. And we are arses, arsonhole. That was a good game, though, wasn't it? Oh, I like the steve point was hot. I thought it was a bit, though. I felt like I was creeping around a bit, like when I was, I thought they were like starting to get a bit scared because they kept saying the steve. Yeah, I like the way you said that. It was cute. I found it nice. Definitely, we are the best. We're the best, we're the best, we're the best, we're the best, we're the best, so on and so forth. The best forever.


Here my go-to workshop facilitation tools. Sprint by Jake Knapp. Team Playbook by Alassian. The Lightning Decision Jam by AJN Smart. The Book Game Storming. And my favourite, Pip Dex. What's your go-to facilitation tool?


everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with the Stock Swoosh and I'm here reviewing the Google. I'm in an option trade. Let's take a look at it here. I did this yesterday. This was just a quick quickie. I did the 780s. I paid 105. Low today was 50 cents, which I told the room you could take it was a good trade. You get this in the room with me or you could sign up for the options letter. This is something that I do to use my strategy to day trade stocks and also options, which you can day trade options. You can also do them overnight. The amazing thing is that my golden gap system works to be able to read the direction that something's going to go. It's just a matter of do you want to do it for a day? Do you want to do it for a couple of days for these options? So let's just take a look here. We went over yesterday's high, which is good. The next area, it's really 770. We got to get, well, 768. 768, we get up over here. We get over 770 and then we can continue higher. So this expires Friday. You could still do this today. Let me just quickly look at the market. The market looks great. QQQs look fantastic. Spy looks like they want to break out and make a new high. The question is, do we do it today? Do we do it tomorrow? I thought we gap up today. We didn't, but we are holding amazingly well in a gap down, which I never would have shorted. And we're holding the low and everything looks good. I mean, the QQs actually look stronger today than the spy. So again, I look at stocks that are gapping and Google had a gap up yesterday. So I decided to do this trade and it is a good solid trade. So you see here, I am up. I'm up 650, but I was up 1300 at one point this morning. I'm trying to hold it. I'm trying to hold it and to get the rally, like I said, over this situation here for the momentum to really get into it. So I'm thinking that I could make two points on this. We had a whole discussion in the room today. If you risk a thousand bucks and you can make 2000 bucks, that's 200% that you made on your money. That's a good trade. It's a good solid trade. So if I make three points on this and it costs me one, guess what? That's 200% of the investment that I made in the trade. That is an amazing trade. And where are you going to go and make 200% in your money no matter where you go? Nowhere. So you pretend like you have a million dollars because if you have a million dollars and you risk a million dollars, you can make 200%, that's what? Two million. So people have to think like this if they want to get ahead. And I have such good calls and so many of my trades go right into profitability that you can start to risk more, I think, some of the people in the room into the end of the year and into 2017. We have to look at this like what we're doing has profitability based on the money that you're risking. Whether it goes to the dream target or not, it doesn't even matter. In other words, well, I didn't even figure out the dream target for this. Really the target for me is in the money at 780 here. But I'm saying the dream target, if I want to look at it, the dream target will be all the way over here, way into this bar over 780, 785, 786. You know, will I be in that until Friday? No, I'll be out of this today or tomorrow. So I want to see where this goes and I'm watching it here as I'm doing work. But the nice thing is that I'm already up and people that bought it at 50 cents, I paid $1.05, people that bought it 50 cents today could have made 200% of their money already. So that's a good thing. If you want more information or you really want to make money in the market trading, you can email me the golden gap classes this weekend. That's where I teach my 26 points. It's how I know to do Google or anything that I do in the market and you can use it for day trades or options. So classes this weekend, November 19th and 20th, email me at Melissa at thestockswish.com if you would like more information. Thanks everybody and have a fantastic day.


Hi, everyone. I'm Mia P. Manansala, author of the Tita Rosi's Kitchen Mystery series, and I'm going to be at the Filipino American International Book Festival. If you're not familiar with my series, I write light humorous mysteries that center around a family-owned Filipino restaurant in a fictional town just outside of Chicago. The first book in the series is my debut, Arsenic and Adobo. The second book, Homicide and Halo-Halo, came out this past February and takes place around a beauty pageant, and my newest book will have just come out, Black Male Levinka, and it's set around Christmastime. All three of these books will be available at the San Francisco Public Library, and I cannot wait to meet you all.


This is stock number 10496. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck and RAM headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2016 RAM 2500 crew cab short box tradesman. This vehicle has a 6.7 liter Cummins diesel and from this HD video you will be able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out. This truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. Bright silver metallic is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the truck with me and definitely your best way to check out the vehicle quality and condition wise before seeing it in person. If you want to check out more photos of this truck in the upper right-hand part of your screen is a link right to our website click that and check us out there. Factory steel rims with the chrome covers. Firestone TransForce 8HT LT 27570 R18 tires with about I'd say 60 to 70% of the tread left. Frame and underbody is in excellent shape. Driver side fender didn't see any dents or dings on that. The headlight lenses are nice and clear. That front bumper is in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on that. Passive new side fender excellent shape as well and the passenger side rim is in great condition too. As you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make a trip down you can still see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. Has a matching color match rear truck cap on it that's in excellent shape. We want you to have the confidence that you're dealing with the right truck and the right people. That's why we operate Summit Auto Fastpass option as well in the upper right-hand part of your screen. A link to our website where you can apply for financing get pre-approved, see a payment float, even appraise a trade all from the comfort of your own home. So when you get here you're all ready to go. Has all the remaining factory exhausts, the frame and underbody is in great shape and it does come with the factory chrome step bars. These back rims are in excellent shape as well no scuffs or scrapes on them and the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. The rest of the frame and underbody looks really good. I didn't see any dents or dings on the box as you go around to the back here. Rear bumper is in really nice shape not one single ding on there has a full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring and the tailgate is in excellent shape. Didn't see any dents or dings on that. Has a bed mat in here and the bed itself is an excellent condition. Probably one of the cleanest 2016's you'll find anywhere as far as a heavy-duty truck is concerned. Really really nice and down this side the truck is just as clean as that passenger side. No dents or dings on the box and for full disclosure this back rim is in nice condition as well. The doors are in excellent shape. It has the heated fold-out tow mirrors so they fold out like so. They also fold in and they have the LED directional signals on them as well. Inside the tradesman package gives you the gray cloth interior. There are no rips there are no tears on these seats. This truck's never been smoked in has factory floor mats throughout power windows power locks and power mirrors also auto headlamps and as we hop inside the truck here you can see that this truck only has 13,497 miles. You get a digital spinometer outside temp and compass display as well. Instrument cluster is extremely clean the steering wheel no scuffs or scrapes on that. You get cruise controls on the right Bluetooth and information center controls on the left comes with the six-speed automatic transmission turned out four-wheel drive, AM FM and Sirius XM radio on the five inch touchscreen radio, climate controls down there, factory brake controller, stability control, tow haul, factory exhaust brake and those backup parking sensors you can turn those off. Carpeting, I don't know if you can see or not sorry it's a little dark out this afternoon. Carpeting and floor mat are in excellent condition truck smells very very clean inside and the headliner is in excellent condition as well. Up here you get map lights and your mirror with the microphone for your Bluetooth controls. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we will check out under the hood you can see the 40-20, 40 split bench seating there you also have a CD player underneath there. The back seats are just as clean as the front seats no rips no tears back here it does have the latch child safety system and these seats are in excellent condition and that's just a that's not a stain on the seat those are just shadows on the seats there. Factory floor mat back here and you do get in-floor storage with removable bins for easy clean.  Last but not least we do have the child safety locks on the back doors and we will take a quick look under the hood I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and I hope from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around so you can make a smart buying decision I would I wouldn't hesitate no matter if you're from California or Illinois or even an hour away this is the truck this thing is super clean and you won't be disappointed in it. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine base very clean ones very smooth this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off. This truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, halftones, sweet quarter tons, one tons, you name it we got to go to our website www.SummitAuto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at SummitAuto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash SummitAuto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more heavy-duty truck videos like this one and Ram 2500 videos like this one on your right. If you haven't been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we're super excited to help you with this extremely clean 2016 Ram 2500 crew cab short box Cummins diesel tradesman. Thanks again.


So I know this is the video most of you have been waiting for and this is the question I get asked a lot. So let's get into the video. Hi, my name is Kwame. I'm a voiceover artist based in Akragana and I've been doing this for the last eight years. And this one question I do get asked a lot. Fine have shared some of the behind the scenes and how to read voiceovers and I'm going to try as much as possible to share more content on voiceovers as far as my experience and this one is one of the questions that people ask a lot because it's very practical, it's very direct and it helps any voiceover see that while they're doing something right and it makes it easier for them to also earn a living from voiceovers. So the question is how do I get more voiceover gigs? How do I get into the industry? How do I get more clients? That is a question I get asked a lot and people want to find practical steps to earn more or to get more gigs or to get more clients for voiceover work. Now these are the things I have done over the course of eight years and I still actually religiously do. So these are the things that you need to know if you want to get more gigs and one of the things I do or one of the things I did before happens to be something that I think it's applicable to Ghana and West Africa because I don't know any other place or any other place or I don't have any international experience in that sense as in I have not lived in another country I don't know how the voiceover industry work so I'm going to share these three things, two of which are general and accessible to everyone wherever you're watching this video from and one of them is a practical step to do if you're in Ghana or West Africa or even Africa in general. So let's get to the first one and I'm going to talk about that one which is based no I think I'll start with the easiest to the one that is practical or relatable to only possibly relatable to only Ghanians or West Africans or Africans so that's what I'm going to do. So the first one is putting yourself out there the practical step of putting yourself out there. There are so many voiceover scripts out there online you can write your own script if you're a good writer but that's a whole separate story or whole separate video if I have to teach you how to script but you can get voiceover scripts which I say often in all my videos that have to do with voiceovers edge studio.com is one of the places that has a ton of sample voiceover scripts that you can use so you have voiceover scripts that you record and put it out there on social media advertising what you do you can record this in the video form or audio formats if you do in a video format then you introduce yourself go over these scripts and if it's going to be audio formats there's this way you can do it with an online app called Headliner which allows you to post audio especially on Instagram and Twitter and Facebook as video just by adding a picture to it so you add a picture you add your audio to it with your you can the picture can even be your face as your CV or introduction to what you do so headliner headliner.com is one of the websites you can use to do this so you record this audio or these audio which are advised that you do different styles of what kind of clients you want to attract so if you want to do documentary narration if you want to do regular ads or commercial ads or you want to do tv announcer all these things that you want to do get a few scripts which are about 15 seconds long for each of the genres that show your you know versatility about 15 seconds long and piece it together in a one minute or a 60 second audio clip yes a 60 second audio clip piece it together and you can either mix it with music so that it sells to a specific target or do it without audio which is also good for some clients because then they can hear exactly how you sound without any noise or without any music backing you up so you have to do both if you want to sell to different kinds of audiences but i think whether you want to sell to different kinds of audiences or not doing both will help improve your chances of getting noticed because then their clients can listen to you without any noise and then they know how you sound if they mix your voice with music so do both and put it out there on twitter and do it as often as you can the thing is just like you'll be posting photos or facebook posts or whatever it is there is no limit to how many posts you can make with these things you can do it once every month once every two weeks once so long as you're practicing so long as you're putting yourself out there the chances of increasing your getting clients will go up so do this 15 second scripts a mix of them or you can even do one genre which is like maybe commercial voiceovers and do 15 second scripts different scripts put it together as one genre you can do documentary narrations one genre like just do a lot you have the opportunity you have the social media yeah you have social media at your disposal to do all these things and put it out there to see that if you're going to get clients from that also let your friend share and know ask for retweets and ask for shares when you post it on social media let people see what you can do so that is the first step and the most accessible to most people that I I mean I know that do voiceovers and if you don't have a studio it means that you have to either use your phone in a closet like I've mentioned before or go to a studio prepare your scripts do it properly and then mix it up and post it on social media whatever you do make sure the clients is seeing the quality that is to be expected from you this leaks into the second point or the second practical way that you can get voice over gigs and it's online there are online platforms a lot of online platforms that look for specific voice talents and there are hundreds of thousands of voice talents out there there is voices calm there is fiver there is voice booking calm all of them are going to be on your screen as I say them you can check them out I'm actually also going to leave it in the description below you can check all these platforms up which also follows the same method I've just described by recording samples first you set up a profile you add your picture you tell the site or it's more like a CV or voiceover CV tell them what you do what you've done the clients you've worked with and your experience the equipment you use and all that you fill the form out and put out your samples the more the samples the more you increase your chances of getting voiceover work and the good thing as well as the bad thing is sometimes if you are based in these parts of the world and your native accent is West African or Ghanaian then it might work for you to get clients who specifically want native voices you can't compete with somebody who's a native who has a Native American accent or a Native British accent unless you have a really good neutral accent that can cut across internationally then good for you if you can do the West African you get your clients although I must say that there it's not so much it's not so much so chances of getting specific international gigs are not as much as you would get if you put yourself out there on social media for local clients to find you so these websites will help you set up your profile make sure you remind people every now and then as often as you can and yeah hopefully somebody will call you for a voice over gig again if you don't have a studio get a studio to record your voice over and send it over to the client if you have a studio then all the best now the third one is what is most relatable to people in Ghana and West Africa and maybe Africa per my experience in the last eight years and I would say that well good will doesn't count as a practical step because I've been doing this for long and I do get word of mouth I still put out a lot of these sample audios every now and then to remind people that this is what I do by the practical step for the third one especially if you're in Africa and people ask this question what do I do do I need to record a voice over and you know look for the client or apply for jobs or whatever it is so I remember working through agencies most of your clients most of your big clients may be coming or work with agencies they don't work directly with you as a client or as a voice over artist work with agencies and agencies have databases of voices that they use and this is where it becomes more specific to Ghana West Africa whatever it is because then local language plays a key role you can be a tree voice over artists you can be a god voice over artists and ever voice over artists uh how is that or whatever local language that the clients may need for specific um campaigns that you're running so just like the first and second practical steps you need to record these sample audios in ones that are mixed with music and ones that are not mixed with music clean ones even ones that just introduce you as who you are and what you do and how you are willing to work with the clients you can find out how to script one of these um voice over profile recordings and you can record it in different tones you can record it in the tones that you expect that you get clients for either you record it in a commercial style or documentary style or just introducing yourself so that the clients can tell from the tone of your voice or yeah how you sound and whether they want to work with you now these advertising agencies are ones that I have worked with um in my career doing voice overs and I'm going to list them so just remember them I don't have websites for them so just remember them or write them down um in Ghana locally as far as I know I've worked with Innova ddb I've worked with in-cell advertising I've worked with mixed down studios or the company center stage um I've worked with apex advertising um is there renegade as well I don't know if renegade is still running but yes these are five of the most popular places I can confidently remember that I've worked with their agencies that you can literally walk to or go to and share your voice overs with if they think that they can find a spot for you they'll add your voice to their database and call you when they get gigs like I was saying before voice over is by merit you have to be really good to get clients and if you're not good and you're not getting calls then it means that you need to practice more and improve your craft before you get those calls so that is basically it this is how you can get voice over gigs it's either doing that or you get to the point where like I was saying is goodwill you have your own studio you stay at home you record your videos um no your audios and you send the clients you mix it up or don't mix it up depending on how they want it and you get paid so it takes a lot of time a lot of energy a lot of practice to build a voice over career but since you asked for practical steps to do this these are the advertising agencies and this is what you need to know or do some of them would require you to even come to the studio to record your sample that they would be sending to clients because they have sample scripts specific to their studio that is sent to clients that can happen but you have to make the first step of actually going out there and sharing what you can do so if you found this video useful for your course of getting you know more voice over gigs please give it a thumbs up it means a lot to the video and kindly share with whoever needs to see this video as well and I'll try as much as possible to come your way share in the comment section below which other places or which other voice over tips and tricks you would like to know so I know where to go in my next video as far as voice over is concerned in the meantime I hope you enjoy the rest of your day and more gigs to you peace


Pow! What's up everybody? Once again, it's Brandon Shawn and today I got to talk about something that every record label should be doing and every artist if they get to that point. And these two things are really about getting the most bang for your buck. Efficiency just capturing the most value. So the first thing is lyric videos. Now when I talk about lyric videos, I'm not necessarily saying you need to do a lyric video for every single song, but especially when you have a song that you think is going to blow up, especially with the record labels, when they know they're going to get a huge push behind the song and they're going to push it to 100 million plus listeners. Well, you know that people are going to want to know the lyrics to their songs and what do you see all the time? You see people creating lyric videos. If you look at the Be Humble lyric video that somebody created, it has 42 million views. This is just somebody else's version. It's unofficial. Be Humble doesn't have unofficial lyric video and it's not necessarily anything fancy. Just generalizing the amount of money that YouTube videos make from ads, that video alone could be $40,000. Not to mention the fact that that's one of many Be Humble lyric videos. If they had an official one that was actually through Kendrick, they probably would have got a higher number than that 42 million videos because people would want to see what the official lyric video is. Even if you look at this lyric video for DNA, that got five million views and that's another $5,000 that they missed out on. But of course all artists aren't necessarily at this level yet, but even look at Sweetie's Icy Girl. That was her first hit. It has about four or five million views, but then the lyric video has $500,000. At that time, if you're an up-and-coming artist, there's no huge machine behind you. You can use whatever money you get. So an extra $500, especially just for posting a lyric video, wouldn't necessarily hurt. Now of course you can get super creative with lyric videos. If you want to and those can end up being very expensive or it's not worth, let's just say $500. But look at these trash lyric videos that you see that get a lot of views. Like I said, some of them are in the millions. At the very least, if you have a music video to a song and it's really popping like that, you can literally just add lyrics on top of the video. You can make it a little bit cloudy in the background. So they see the video moving in the background and they see the lyrics or you can do like this guy, Free Wild does. He has these wildscreen videos and then added the lyrics below the video. So you get the video and you get the lyrics at the same time. So if someone wants lyrics, they're going right back into the regular video as opposed to going somewhere else. There's a lot of options, but it just helps you as the artist, as a team capture as much of the value as possible, especially on your particular page and platform. Again, a team like TD, that money might not be a big deal to them. You know, 5k, 40k, yeah, it was that. But there are definitely some people who aren't as big and aren't as financially stable who are missing out on some money. So number two, videos without the artist. Now a lot of lyric videos are videos without the artist, but I'm just talking about these graphic videos where you see their animations, interactive, they're fun. A lot of these record labels and just people in general don't realize that those get as much as expensive music videos and even a lot of times more. I was looking for some people who are already doing this and of course not too big of a surprise. Atlantic Records has done this very well in a lot of cases, particularly to the max with Lil Uzi Burt's visualizer contest and Lil Uzi and Atlantic Records, they got it right. Not only did they use animations, which is lower cost, they made it a contest. So they had other people submit these, which actually generated more engagement around the music itself as these fans are voting on which animations are the best ones. But then on top of that, you get this work, this great beautiful work of these visuals are actually dope. They probably got them for free. I don't know, maybe they did pay the fans something, but they probably got them for free and said, hey, you get credits on something this big, you can probably flip that into something else. I know that's what I would have did. But the point is, as you guys are just scrolling through the internet and come across certain things, watch you start popping up and seeing certain visuals and you're like, yo, these visuals, they doing numbers and this animation probably didn't cost anywhere near as much as some of these videos that get shot. It'll allow you to save a lot of money, but still get the engagement and still do something also interesting that stands out from what a lot of these videos are, which are just outside, walking around the city, some scenic shots. And of course, like I said, there's a lot of benefits to using lyric videos. Went up to hear you guys thoughts on this as always. And if you liked this video, then go ahead and hit that like button. And if you like it, your minds well, share it. And if you aren't subscribed, you know what to do. Hit that subscribe button.


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. The DMK government, after taking part, completed its first assembly session recently. There were a lot of announcements and amendments and bills which were passed in the assembly session. To discuss more about the achievements and the shortcomings of the DMK government, we have with us senior journalist and political analyst Mr. R.K. Radhakrishnan. Welcome sir. Sir, to begin with, what is your evaluation of the newly elected DMK government? I think the government has been doing a fantastic job. What we have seen is right from even before they actually assumed office, this was on May 7th, Stalin was interacting with the officials and the officials were actually reporting to him on the problems posed by the coronavirus. You might remember that the second wave was in full force and corona doesn't stop just because there is an election somewhere or if something else is wrong or right somewhere, natural calamity or whatever. In fact, some people including me were telling the election commission that the results have to be declared earlier and a government should be in place to tackle the second wave. But as you would know, the election commission these days does not even pretend to understand the problems that this country is facing and they went by the original schedule, which meant that Kerala and Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry had to wait till such time that the election commission completed its completely ridiculous eight phase four poll in Bengal before the results actually came out. It is squarely on the election commission that a government could not do much. In fact, even after making several appeals to Edapati Pondicherry, the former chief minister, he actually did not do much when it came to active control of COVID. Primary among these is to make sure that people stayed home and that enforcement of that rule was done. I do understand that people were extremely agitated over the fact that they have been in home for several weeks and months from the first wave itself, but then during the second wave, it was imperative that people stayed at home and it didn't happen. So it started there. Stalin who initially did not want the closure of business establishments and a general lockdown went back on that stance and actually concurred with the officials saying that let us have a lockdown. I think that is a pragmatic decision not standing on what you said earlier, but doing what is important and necessary for the people of Tamil Nadu. I think that was his first major victory. If you ask me, of course, you couldn't prevent this. And we saw the manner in which the entire ADMK, sorry, the DMK administration as soon as it came to power reacted when the oxygen problem arose in the state. I know personally that when Sterlite despite all its promises and whatnot, the oxygen plant there broke down and they had told the Tamil Nadu government that they will not be able to do anything. And the plant, the new machinery for the plant has to come down from Germany. It was a series of small repairs that had to be done and we know for a fact that Kanimuri MP, the member of parliament from Tutukorin, the DMK's intervention secretary who happened to know people in the Indian Space Research Organization and Thangam Karnarusu, who later became the industry's minister, talked to ISRO officials in Mahendragiri and brought technicians from there and reactivated the situation in about three, four days' time. And we Tamil Nadu finally had some relief in oxygen and whatnot. Starting from there to this day, to the turning of the word, only RSI, union government, instead of calling it the central government, I think is a significant shift in attitude of how the central government, how the state government, the DMK government will deal with the center. And it is very clear that this is a need of the R, given the fact that the union government has been more or less behaving like it's a central government and has been usurping all powers from the state government, including recently that of minor courts, which has again gone into the central list from the state list on education, which was on the concurrent list, of course, during the, which was a change that was made during the emergency. And cooperatives of all things, cooperative banks were taken over, were supposed to report to RBI. And now we have Amit Shah loading our cooperatives. How does Amit Shah know what is required for a village in the tail end of the Cauvery, Delta and Nagapattanam were sitting in Delhi? It's impossible. It is the same problem that the entire union government will face when it comes to centralizing all the powers and making some kind of a rule that one size fits all, or one nation, one Russians, or one nation, one tax, any of those one nation, one everything, one X, as what PTR Pallani Mel Rajan called it. And you see through the, in a few months, whether it is the excavation at Kedadi, which is now established that the Tamil civilization was as old as 3,200 years, which, of course, is not as old as the Intas Valley civilization, which is about five years and years old. But then we see the shift. We see that every single minister has been working extremely hard. The administration is working at its most efficient. And we also see a chief minister who is with it, who is willing to engage with people, who is willing to connect with the masses, and at the same time, do the job that is assigned, which basically is to govern the state to the best of its ability and make sure that people are not put to undue hardship. Stalin government constituted the AK Rajan committee to go into the social justice aspects of need to figure out how the socially and educationally backward classes were fearing when it came to need. And its report has been fascinating and at the same time extremely revealing to tell us that the state government students are losing out on because there is something called the need. Yes, there were promises on need and a couple of other things that the state government is not able to keep yet. But the discussion on need, if you have read in the press, has already started. Maharashtra has started questioning why we need need. The Supreme Court has to re-examine this issue in the light of new evidence and overwhelming evidence that the oppressed classes are suffering and whatnot. I think that is one of the major achievements of this government and the fact that it is being looked at by other states, I believe, is reason enough for Mr. Stalin to feel good. And then again you have a series of measures be it in the field of education or health. Health we have this Makalai Thedi Maruthuam, which basically is taking medicine to the those steps of the client, which is a laudable initiative especially for those people who are unable to approach the primary health center or approach a health outpost because they are not able to do so because of their ailment. And then there were several other ordinances which were, no, sorry, bills which were introduced in the assembly to give life to many of the projects that Mr. Stalin had promised. In his own words, about 202 promises have been fulfilled so far off, they find out that he had promised. And I think the government is on the right track to fulfill as many promises as possible. And despite all these things, I think everything gets washed out by just one promise that he made and which he partly kept that he will bring down the fuel prices. Of course, the promise was that they will bring down the petrol price by rupees 5 and the diesel price also to a large extent. But finally, what the government did was to reduce petrol price by rupees 3. And according to the government itself, it has resulted in a huge optic in the fuel consumption. And I think the people across the state welcome this move. And that's possibly the only reason why petrol prices are still within rupees 100 in Tamil Nadu. You can go to travel to Karnataka or Telangana or Andhra and see what the fuel prices are. And 3 rupees is a huge saving if you ask me. Per liter is a huge saving if you ask me also. And we see that the central government, the union government is completely refusing to withdraw the tax. It has been coming up with some ridiculous explanations such as oil bonds, where the reason why we are not able to reduce taxes on fuel. This has been debunked by scholars and people who understand the numbers, whereas oil bonds were only under 2 lakh crores. The government has already mopped up about 22-25 lakh crores by way of the SIS. And the SIS is also another way out for the union government not to give that money to the state government. Obviously, the Tamil Nadu government has also released a white paper to show where the state finances stood so that we have an idea as to where the state is progressing and what state we are when it comes to fiscal deficit and what not. I think overall they have laid an extremely good groundwork. Now they have to build on that groundwork. And apart from delivering on promises also show the way that the state has to progress at a time of severe climate change, at a time of hundreds and thousands of people losing their jobs because of COVID and also at a time when the teaching learning experience has been completely disrupted over the past year and a half. Yes, sir. You referred to the fiscal deficit and the white paper published by the government of Tamil Nadu. So in the recently concluded session, the Finance Minister submitted the revised budget also. Do you think the government has done enough to think about ways to improve the revenue generation, the state's own revenue generation so that the losses by the GSD or other factors are compensated so that they can continue their work or fulfill their promises? I think given the fact that the state is very hamstrung in the avenues in which it can raise taxes, I don't think the state can do very much. Like for instance, you have the tax on petrol and diesel, which ends up being a major revenue earner. I hope that land registrations pick up, which has been a huge revenue earner, but there was no movement during the past year and a half. And obviously the tax that is imposed on alcohol is also contribute a significant amount to the state, etc. So you look at the and of course the taxes that come from other sources, the commercial taxes and the sales taxes and all of that. So that is the only scope for the government. There is really not much scope to expand because everything else comes under the GSD.  They have instituted now the union government and they have instituted a committee with Ajit Pawar at the head and PTR is one of the members. Now I don't know how much of the recommendations will bear fruit because they just want to keep the noise down from the opposition rule states. And now the opposition rule states cannot actually make much noise because they have been part of the committee, which is supposed to make a series of recommendations on one particular topic. Now that being the case, we have to also look at the fact that we do not, that Tamil Nadu or any other state government do not get much in way of GSD returns also. The compensation element is said to be, it is being withdrawn and also the GSD arrears itself has not been given. It is in these circumstances that the union government is taking over minor ports for instance, which is also another small revenue source but still a revenue source and the government will have to necessarily consider all these revenue sources. I also have been thinking about the question of raising revenue and obviously you cannot raise revenue without a basis so to speak. So there are very few avenues and I think auctioning of bus routes, we have these Omini buses running across the state and they probably are 10, 15,000 Omini buses in Tamil Nadu itself. Yes, they are all under distress right now and they may not be able to afford if you are going to price the routes right now but maybe the state government should bring out a transport policy and make it very clear that there will be no Omini buses in future because Omini bus means that it is a contract carriage. It basically is that all the 40 or 70 people in a bus are travelling from point A to point B and they are all going for one function or the other and that is not the case and the state actually has been underwriting the Omini buses by building bus stands and facilities both in Chennai and other places and I don't think that it can be given away free. So all the bus routes should be auctioned that will be a method to raise revenue and of course there are various other out of the box ideas also to raise money obviously. One will be bringing in labour industries back into Tamil Nadu and skilled industries back in Tamil Nadu and also try and engage with the Tamil diaspora and see how much they can contribute to the progress of Tamil Nadu bringing in their own units or industries or software firms or whatever back into Tamil Nadu something some kind of giving back and maybe obviously the government will have its own idea there is a committee looking into it you have the committee on economy also which is chaired by Raghuram Rajan. I am sure they will also give a lot of suggestions as to how this can be worked out and at a practical level also there are enough and more suggestions that a lot of people have been given and including the what is the new state planning commission is also attempting to do. So there are lots of ideas the only thing is that the government should be receptive to those ideas and try and implement some of those ideas at least because when it comes to a lot of these basic questions like raising taxes or raising revenue and whatnot all governments are extremely wary because there are elections around the corner every second year third year but I hope better sense prevails and we can strike a balance between the need to get votes and the need to actually raise revenue for the greater common good. Thank you so for joining us. Thank you so much. That's all we have time now. Thank you for watching Newscript.