All the meeting to order. Welcome to tonight's addition of the Winooski Development Review Board. My name is Kevin Lumpkin. I'm the chair of the board. The vice chair I think is Matt and he's not here, right? Great, Colin Miller is our secretary. Other members of the board are Erin Gallette and David Weisberger. Additionally, we have Caitlin Hayes and Elsie Goodrich who are alternates but one of them is gonna get to participate tonight and we'll do some kind of coin flip later to figure that out. But the way that we do things here at the Winooski DRB is that all of our members including alternates participate fully in our hearings, ask questions, here's a testimony from the applicant and adjoiners and then it's not till our deliberative session when we figure out who's actually going to vote. So we've got one substantive item on the agenda tonight but we have a couple of things in addition to that to get through. One is changes to the agenda. Anybody have any changes to the agenda? Seeing none. The next is public comment. Public comment is a part of every public meeting in Vermont. It's a state requirement to voice concerns about anything other than the project we're hearing tonight. I have actually never been to a meeting at which anyone offered any public comment but if you wanna make a public comment, folks who are attendees, you can use the raise hand function. We will recognize you. I'm just gonna assume that no one's raising their hand and move on to our fourth agenda item, approved previous meeting minutes. They're available through our agenda center. Hopefully folks have had a chance to review them any concerns or changes to the prior meeting minutes. All right, I would entertain a motion to approve them. Everyone is muted. I make a motion to approve the minutes in the previous meeting. Any second. Harlan seconds, all in favor. Raise your hand, do a little thing, do a little dance. Great, all opposed, all abstaining. Looks like the motion carries unanimously. We are on to our fifth agenda item, the public hearing for 64 La Fountain Street plan unit development. This is a final plan review. We've seen this project a number of times before at sketch and preliminary reviews, and it is up now for final review. And I believe the procedure tonight is going to be that we are going to elevate anyone who wants to speak or present to join us here as a panelist. And once we do that, you'll be able to make whatever presentation you want. After the applicant presents anyone who is here as an interested party, a neighbor and a joiner, whatever, if you haven't let Eric know already that you want to participate, you can just tell us in the chat or raise your hands and we'll let you come voice any concerns that you have. Eric, did I miss anything so far? No, I think you covered everything. We have Dan here tonight, again, from O'Leary Burke representing the applicant. He's been before you for this whole project basically, so you should be familiar with Dan and Dan familiar with you all. As you mentioned, this is the final plan review. That's not to say that this is the final review. If you all have substantive comments that you want addressed, we will schedule additional hearings on the plan. However, with that said, this has been presented to you on three previous occasions, twice as a sketch plan and once as a preliminary plan. Most recently on April 16th of this year as a preliminary plan, there were five comments that you all had identified that were included in a findings and decision that were with this agenda packet. The applicant has addressed those items as well as all subsequent, sorry, as well as all the previous comments that have come up through the various sketch plans or sketch plan reviews. So I don't think there's anything outstanding that has not been addressed at this point in one form or another, but I'll let Dan take it from there. I have my screen available to share, Dan. So if you wanna have any of the documents up, just let me know and I'll provide those. Sure, we could. Oh, sorry. Sorry, Dan, before you start, anybody who speaks tonight, I'm just gonna assume that you swear or affirm that everything you say is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Normally I'd swear you in, but it's a real pain over Zoom. So if you speak, please be aware that you are swearing or affirming that everything you say is true. And Dan, if you wouldn't mind orienting us as you go through your presentation to whatever it is we said in April, because I don't remember. Sure, yeah, absolutely. I'll address that. Also, sorry, Dan, before you start, was there anybody else that's presenting with you or is it just gonna be you tonight? Rick Church may be here. David Burke with our office said he was gonna hop on too, but I'll be doing the presenting, but they may chime in if they have a comment. So David, we have David as an attendee. Rick is not on right now as far as I can tell, but if David has anything he wants to add, we can unmute him as well for that. Sure. So I'm just gonna go through an overview of the project. So maybe we could pull up sheet two depicting the project. So there should be, yep, that's it right there. So as Eric mentioned, I'm Dan Heil, a project engineer at O'Leary Burke here tonight on behalf of the landowner and applicant, Rick Church of 64 LaFountain Street, LLC. We're here seeking final plan approval for a nine-unit PUD located at 64 LaFountain Street. Project is on a 1.16-acre parcel on the block bordered by LaClaire Street, LaFountain Street, Franklin Street, and East Spring Street, and it's currently vacant. There was previously a duplex unit located on this lot, but since been removed. Since our preliminary plan, hearing, and approval back in April, a boundary line adjustment has been approved and recorded to increase the parcel size from 0.98 acres to 1.16 acres. And this boundary line adjustment was necessary to accommodate the turnaround located on the southern portion of the private street. The project is located within the RB Zoning District, where the minimum area is 7,500 square feet and allows for two units per lot. The maximum allowable density on this parcel would be 12 units. We are proposing nine as was depicted at sketch and preliminary. The units will be condominium units with open space to be common land owned and maintained by the HOA. The project will be served by a 20-foot-wide private street utilizing and approving upon the existing curb cut located along the fountain street. Proposed units will be served by municipal water and sewer. On-site stormwater management is provided through 10 dry wells and infiltration trenches designed to meet the city's stormwater regulations. So this project does have a little bit of history going back a couple of years. As Eric mentioned, the project was previously presented to the DRB at the sketch plan level on November 19th, 2018, and again on February 26th on 2019, and it received preliminary plan approval on April 16th of this year. Due to feedback we received from sketch, we were previously requesting a setback waiver for 10 feet around the perimeter, but we revised the plan to provide 15 feet all along the perimeter, so a setback waiver is no longer being sought. Plan was also revised to provide a larger turnaround on the southern portion of the private street. This was at the direction of the fire department and the fire chief, fire hydrant was added as well. Two guest spaces were added to the plan to the north of unit three to allow for additional guest parking onsite. Additional on-street parking is available on LaFountain Street if the need arises. We also updated the common amenity area to include nine planter boxes and a picnic table for community gatherings. And we coordinated with the state of Vermont to determine that there was a class three wetland onsite along the northeast corner and property line. And we've confirmed with the state that a wetland permit is not required for the proposed impacts in this area. And we previously provided the city with that documentation. So those were all the changes for the project leading up to preliminary. I was gonna hop to the April 16th comments unless the board had any questions at this point. So looking through the comments. I just had one question. I was trying to find the mute button. You said you confirmed with the state that the state wetland permit isn't needed but have you coordinated with the Army Corps on wetland permit? So there would be a self-reporting form as we are proposing impacts but they're less than 5,000 square feet. So an Army permit, Army Corps permit wouldn't be required but it would be a self-reporting form. So the Army Corps would have some documentation on that. Okay. So looking at those preliminary comments from April 16th, comment number one, based on the elevations provided for the residential units, the site plan should be updated to include stairs with connections to the sidewalk where applicable from the doorway on each side of the unit. So the final plans tonight have been revised to depict those connections to the doors on each side of the unit. That is located on sheet two. A comment number two, update the lighting. Yeah, gentlemen, I think that was my comment. Do you know if the garages are proposed to have doors on the side or would you enter through the garage door on the front? That's a good question. As far as I know, you'd be entering through the front. I haven't seen anything depicting doors on the side of those garages. But if there were doors on the side too, we would be able to make that work with the sidewalk connections. Well, what I had noticed was that the, obviously the finished floor of the houses is raised and that's what I was talking about steps before. There needs to be some steps in there to get down from that door or a walkway straight over into the garage and then steps down. I think what I was pointing out is that there's not going to be a connection between the front and backyards of these places because there's going to be something in the way to get out of that side door. Well, there would be a connection on the other side of the unit to the backyard. So each unit would have a connection to the backyard but you're correct. There would be some stairs with a landing going up to the first floor level. So that side would be inaccessible to the backyard. So comment number two, update the lighting plan to include additional shielding that eliminates the light crossing the property boundary on La Fountain Street or provide a letter from the city of Winooski Department of Public Works indicating that the proposed lighting will not create any undue harm related to glare, shadows or inconsistencies in illumination based on the proposed location and fixture type. So with our submission, we included in August 4th email from John Rauscher, the Public Works Director and per John's email, Public Works finds the proposed street lights at the intersection of the private road and La Fountain Street acceptable as shown with no need to shield the lighting spilling over to La Fountain Street. It's also our opinion that this light spilling over to La Fountain Street would help the cars navigate the entrance to and from the development as well. Comment three, provide written documentation from the city of Winooski Department of Public Works outlining the standards that are needed to ensure the proposed roadway will be consistent with city standards to the extent possible. In the same email from John on August 4th, he suggested that we revise the two inch base course for the pavement section to two and a half inches to match the city standards, which we have done on the final plan. Jalton also confirmed in his email that Public Works has no concerns with the proposed private road as it is to remain private with no intention of turning it over to the city. And with our submission, we also included a draft legal documents. And in those draft legals, there was a private roadway maintenance agreement indicating that the HOA is to own and be responsible for maintaining that private road as well. So Public Works was okay with both the light and the private street. The email that Dan is referencing was included in the agenda packet as well. So that's that documentation is there for you. And it's also will be an exhibit. Comet four, provide additional detail on stormwater and how runoff will be captured specifically related to the area behind unit nine. This may require additional underground storage capacity, recreating of swales, additional retaining walls or updated information that affirms the proposed conditions will not create any ponding or pooling of runoff. No, any changes on the final plan submission. So with our submission, we included updated stormwater routing computations related to the area behind unit nine. Stormwater computations show that the proposed development will not have an adverse impact to the ponding behind unit nine. In addition, we've also revised the grading in this low point where water currently ponds. So the proposed ponding volume is greater than the existing ponding volume, which will help ensure that the proposed development will not cause any adverse impacts as related to ponding of water in this area. The roadside swales and infiltration trenches and 10 dry wells used to treat the runoff generated from the proposed impervious surface remain unchanged from our preliminary plan submission. So the proposed runoff is still to be treated in those 10 dry wells and infiltration trenches conveyed via roadside swale. And that hasn't changed since preliminary. And then comment five, consider design changes that may reduce the appearance of multiple structures along Fountain Street, specifically related to units one and two. This may include additional landscaping, reduced distances between the units in the garage or other measures that allow these two units to fit more consistent. Consistently with the character of the surrounding houses. So the final plan has been updated to show units one and two attached to the common garage, making it now one structure, which would make it more consistent with the character of the surrounding homes. We've also provided a street tree. I believe it was there at preliminary still, but there's a street tree too in front of that, the back of the garage along the Fountain Street to provide some screening there too. And that was it for the comments from preliminary. I had a chance to look over the staff notes and I think they generally look good and I didn't have any comments on those. Thank you. Well, great. Thank you very much for that summary. Folks on the board, any questions about any of those updates since we last saw this application? Just go for it. Okay, I have two questions about the road and I think they're kind of related. So it sounds like the road will not actually meet the dimensional requirements of the city and that it's up to us to approve it. So are you asking us to approve this as a private road that doesn't meet the city's requirements? In John's email, he said it was to be a public street. He'd be looking for 11 foot lanes and curbing given the tight nature of the site and how close the units already are to that road. We don't find it feasible to bump those out to 11 feet. It would just make the units closer. So we are seeking approval for the private road versus now a public road. With a public road too, you would need, believe maybe it's a 60 or 64 foot right of way which isn't feasible on a parcel this size too. You wouldn't achieve the desired density on this parcel. Okay, so given that I was, I'm not a lawyer, but I was reading the roadway maintenance agreement and I see that in our regulations it asks that an approved management plan or a draft of one be provided. Is that, does that roadway maintenance agreement fulfill that, do you think? Or is that more of a specific thing? Like how often is this road gonna be inspected? Who's gonna do it? What are the standards? Yeah, I guess that would be up for review by the city attorney. I'm not exactly sure what the city would be looking for in that maintenance plan. I know that the maintenance agreement does assign maintenance responsibilities on the HOA. However, I'm not sure how often, you know, inspections need to be conducted or what would trigger that maintenance. So I was hoping the city attorney would review the legals and maybe have some comments, but I haven't seen anything back from the city attorney on that. Okay, I'm just a little concerning that like once this gets transferred to the association, what influence does the city have or what recourse does it have if they're not fulfilling their obligation to repair it or keep it maintenance? So I think, I'll jump in on this. I think the intent here is that there's at least something in place that talks about who is going to be responsible for the long-term maintenance of the road since it will be a private road. That way there is not the assumption that the city will somehow take ownership of that or be obligated to repair it if there are issues with it. I think it's really the intent there is to protect the city from any type of recourse because it is a private road. So I have not requested our attorney to review the documentation, but I can do that if that's something you all would like to see. I think though ultimately we're really interested in making sure that there is something in place that talks about who owns it, who's responsible for any repairs or maintenance and the long-term maintenance of the roadway. Are there other instances of private roads in the city that you can speak to? I wanna say there are several, but I don't know offhand which ones they are. I think Pleasant Street or Pleasant Court up off of Bellevue, I believe might be a private road, but I'm not sure of that offhand, Harland. Can I make a couple of comments? Yes. David mentioned about looking for the board to approve the private road. I think the answer is yes and no. We did what we were supposed to. We solicited public works review and they're okay with it being a private road. We solicited fire department review and that's why there's now the big turnaround at the end. So I don't think it's so much that the board is approving the road, it's that the board is relying upon that part of the review process. And then absolutely there should be a condition that the town attorney reviews and accepts the legal documents. I'm not sure how Winooski does that. Most towns like doing that as a condition of approval because usually staff doesn't send to an attorney and incur those costs as until the project's approved. And it's approved prior to filing the Mylar or approved prior to the first building permit for the site construction. And then it kind of serves itself, Dave, if the HOA is set up right, the road is maintained because in this case, there's nine homes or in particular, the seven homes that are interior that are being served by it. So it only takes one owner to think that it's not up to speed to start the association doing whether it's a patching a crack or whatever. And in Winooski, I'd say as far as a comparison, maybe you don't have a lot of private streets recently, but you certainly have a lot of private streets that turn into parking lots. And the same thing, that's an HOA usually and or it's one developer owner, but I would assume that there's some HOAs where it appears more like a parking lot, but it'd be the same mechanism. So Eric, fair to say that one of the things we could do is condition final approval on submitting the legal documents, which are on our agenda as item B.5 draft legal documents to an attorney for the city to look at. Yeah, we can make that a condition. Yes. Any other questions from the board? Eric, are there any regulations about how close these buildings can be to each other? Not that I'm aware of since it's a planned unit development. The idea is that they would be clustered. So that's kind of the intent with the PUD is that you're taking the density and kind of clustering it as much as you can or as much as you want that really allows the flexibility of design for the property. So with this type of a layout, there is anything that would talk about any setbacks from individual buildings? Okay, thank you. I'm wondering about that area behind Unit 9 that it looks like it's just kind of a depression there where water will pond. What's that area used for? That's exactly what it's used for. It's used to pond the water that's running off from NICAC court that currently it outfalls in that area. So there is an existing depression out there and it currently ponds there. So we looked at possibly conveying that area to the city stormwater system, but given the grades there, we can't convey that up to Fountain Street and I believe the next, the next street we could convey that to, there's a parcel or two in between. So we would need easements and there'd be a significant amount of stormwater, storm sewer to run that down and it would be running over multiple properties. So what we did was we looked at what was ponding out there today, we looked at that volume and whatever we proposed, we wanted to maintain that volume to ensure that there wasn't an adverse impact on the ponding in that area. It's also important to note that there is no easement. So this is, in one hand, it's voluntary, but it's the smart or proper thing to do. It's where that water's always gone so why they didn't have an easement. Important that we're not taking away from it. Yeah, it looks like you've looked at that for a 10-year storm. What's your free, what's your freeboard from that ponding area? Freeboard from, so we don't really have a top of pond there. We looked at the elevations of the surrounding unit and we looked at the existing ponding volume for the 10-year storm event and we ensured that the water surface elevation and the proposed condition was lower than what it was in the existing condition. So you're saying that that catchment is going to be excavated lower than it currently is? It will be, yes, it will be excavated lower than it currently is. So I'm the lawyer on the board, not y'all with your engineering stuff or is very confusing to me, but what I think I'm hearing you saying is say we have a really bad storm with this development, we think this area to the southeast of unit nine is going to be better off after all this stuff has been built than right now because of all the things you're doing. Yeah, it will not be worse than what's out there today. Better, not worse. Okay. I have a question just kind of adding onto this. So there's not any additional runoff that is going to that particular area, but because it's a private road, there's not drainage to the municipal system that usually manages stormwater runoff. So is this developed in such a way that the runoff on the impervious surfaces here is going to be caught by the surrounding vegetation or how is that runoff going to be managed? Runoff from the proposed impervious surface, including the road that houses the sidewalk, that'll be managed through infiltration trench as well as 10 proposed dry wells. And those dry wells are located on the southern side of the private street. The houses all are proposed to have gutters and those feed into the dry wells? Yeah, so we provided roof drains that tie into the system along the private street. So the gutters would convey the runoff to the roof drains, which would convey it to the system within the private street and eventually to the dry wells if it didn't infiltrate before then. So I'd seen that there was some concerns from neighbors about runoff. And I just, I wasn't here for the earlier reviews of this project. So was it the neighbors on Nikhet Court that had those concerns or were just for my knowledge? I believe it mainly was the neighbors on Nikhet Court. Yes. I have a recollection of someone from Nikhet Court coming to one of our early meetings and really setting the stage for this runoff area southeast of unit nine being of focus for all of the subsequent meetings. And my recollection is that, at least from my perspective, it sounds like the applicant has done a good enough job that this adjoiner, and maybe here she's here tonight and can tell us for themself, but this adjoiner was reasonably happy with all the adjustments that this is, my recollection is that this plan we have in front of us is pretty far along from when we first saw it and other folks raised issues about this runoff. I think one of the earliest layouts, and I'm not sure if it was even the sketch plan that Dan came in with. It might have been before Dan was working on this project, but we did have a larger turnaround, not as large as the one proposed now that the fire chief wanted, but we did have a larger one kind of where unit nine is. And that would have impacted, basically we were utilizing the land the way we thought we could. And when it became apparent from the neighbor that that was an issue, we've had a conscious effort to confirm that it is an issue, that that's where the stormwater goes. There's not a good alternative for that stormwater to go elsewhere. So I think Kevin's correct. You know what we've tried to do is to make sure that the capacity is a little bit more than what it is now. So it doesn't preclude in a greater than 10-year storm event that water could cross that line back onto those properties slightly. But again, that would be what would happen today also. Additional questions from the board. So I daresay we may be ready to thank the applicant for the presentation and elevate any interested parties who are wishing to share any concerns or feedback they have with the board. And the applicant will obviously be listening as well. That makes sense, everybody. Sounds good. So Eric, do you have a list of folks who wanna voice? So we did not have anybody sign up in advance. There are still looks like six folks that are in attendance as attendees that are able to or should be able to raise their hand or write in the chat that they are interested in speaking. But before we do that, what I'd like to do is just read through the exhibits that will be added in for the record on this case so that we have a record of that, if that's all right with you. All right, strap in. This will be thrilling. Well, Eric does that. Anyone who is an attendee and wishes to speak to us, you don't need to turn on your video. You can just do audio only if you're more comfortable with that. I see a hand raised, awesome. So one person's figured out how to raise your hand or if you can't figure out how to do that, just let us know in the chat. And Eric, go for it with the exhibit. So we'll have the zoning application, which includes all of the project narrative, the site plans, the elevations, the traffic, the trip generations, all the communications with public works, the stormwater modeling, the stormwater permitting, et cetera, the legal documents, that'll be exhibit A. Exhibit B is the notice of the hearing that was posted at 64 LaFountain Street. Exhibit C are photos of the hearing notice posted at LaFountain Street. Exhibit D is the public hearing notice that was posted at City Hall and in other locations for this meeting. Exhibit E will be the proof from the Burlington Free Press of the publication of the public hearing for tonight's meeting. Exhibit F is the memorandum to the adjacent property owners notifying them of the meeting. Exhibit G is the list of people that received that memorandum, including a copy of the public hearing. Exhibit H will be the agenda for tonight's meeting. Exhibit I is the memo from me to you all on the general standards of section 6.2 H. Exhibit J is the memorandum from me to you all on the standards of the planned unit development, which is section 6.3. Exhibit K is the comments from your November 19th, 2018 meeting when we first saw this as a sketch plan. Exhibit L are the comments from the February 26th, 2019 meeting of a sketch plan. Exhibit M are the findings and decisions from the April 16th meeting that outlined the additional items that Dan went over today. Exhibit N will be the sign-in sheet for the folks who are in attendance tonight. And Exhibit O is a photo that was provided by one of the residents showing some stormwater concerns. And I have that to show you all as well if you want me to put that up on the screen so you can see it. So that is who we have tonight. And it looks like the resident who did submit the photo, Rosario LaRose is here to speak. Gene Silva is here to speak and Josh Cox has his hand raised as well to speak. So Paul will, I guess, so that's all I have and I'll let Paul, our communications coordinator on mute folks. Great, so why don't you, I guess we can leave the sketch plan up but be ready to take it down if we don't need to look at it. So folks who are adjoining property owners or neighbors, if you want us to let us know your name and kind of where you live in relation to the project, it'll help orient us as to what angle you're coming at this from both literally and figuratively. Hi, my name is Rosario LaRose. I take it you can hear me okay? Yes. Cool. Yes, I live on Eat Me Cat Court which is right behind where unit number nine is. And I'm the gentleman who has issues with the ponding that already exists because the runoff in Eat Me Cat Court. I still have a concern because I was out there the other day actually taking some pictures because there's three deer that happen to be running through Wunuski. Anyways, so I was looking up through and I'm like six feet behind below everybody up through the Eat Me Cat Court. And I just still have a major concern with how that water from the city, right now it drains off and over time it will eventually drain. And I got a problem with it, it's a gully thing filled up.  And it's not really probably the greatest water that you want in your land. And also I see that he's built the 16-foot hedges. And then if you look at the map on, I guess it's number two, the last one or the first one I found out you look at it is right where the drainage is. And I just have issues with how that's gonna improve how what he's doing is helping me out here. That's my concern. Because right now it backs up quite a bit. I've had pictures probably go on for three or four years now that I've sent some to Eric and it was another project prior to that I've sent. And it's not getting better. Right now at least it drains out over time and I get a bad feeling if the gully gets filled in it will have a bigger issue. Thank you. Okay, thanks for sharing that. And board members, any questions for Mr. LaRose? As when his backyard fills up does the water make its way to that storm drain in front of his house or no? Oh no, no, no. It just backs up my backyard. It's like I have a pool. And I've seen Eric has pictures that I've seen. And that's when I recently sent that's there been times water has been up higher. How would you share that picture, Eric? That's how it's been draining for a while. The sun's out. Can you tell us, can you just orient us to what we're looking at? Well, the drain drain, I'm not sure it was right about in here in the lower right hand corner. That's where the runoff in the street comes in there and overflows and goes down through the gully that's permanently there now. Like I said, over time it does drain but if you can fill that gully up, again, I'm like six feet below everybody. So we would be looking at the back of unit nine. Yes, exactly. Yes. And when you refer to the gully, you mean the whole site as currently graded? Yes, exactly.  There's a gully there. There's about a seven foot difference in elevation from Nikkec Corp to where that picture is. And even on Mr. LaRose's from his front yard, there's about a five foot difference in elevation. So I think that picture, the right side of it is probably pretty close to the property line with that water mostly being on the project just for clarification for Mr. LaRose while we are filling some of that what we're interested in is making sure that the volume is equal greater than it was which will actually help him because with the volume being deeper, it's not gonna have as much surface area back towards his line. So it's not even with an easement and there's not an easement but even with an easement it's not the project's responsibility to improve the situation but in this case because it's been a longstanding situation. Again, we feel it's important to make sure that we're accommodating for it and not making it worse. But as I said earlier, it doesn't preclude water as Mr. LaRose says, backing up onto the low side of his lot in a big storm. But it does back up to my lot. That's after a lot of it has drained out. There have been pictures that I've sent where I have a retaining wall on the right side that the water has been all the way back up through there. Right, and that's what I'm saying. It's not the project's responsibility to- Oh, no, no, I'm not arguing that. I will agree probably, nothing to do with it but my point is it's gonna make it worse by filling in its gully. So what we're doing is while we're filling the far side of it, we're digging it deeper so that the volume, so there's no loss of volume. Okay. How much of the water flowing into that is from the rest of the site? Is all of it coming from- That's all from the street of Neacat Court. I would suggest that it might get a little bit of water along the back line of our project that is now gonna get, some of that will get cut off because it's where a unit will be or a driveway will be, which will go out to the road. So if you look at sheet one, existing conditions, the, all the way to behind the Antoniacs, two houses up the street from Mr. LaRose, that's the contours, you can see the small wetland area there at the top corner. And then from there, just a strip along the property line does contribute to that water now and that will no longer contribute to that water. So primarily it's the water off Neacat Court but there will be some surface area removed that does currently collect in that low area. As David said, a portion of our site does drain down that way now, which will be redirected to the dry wells and away from that low point. You can see a 245 contour that's right above the relocate existing fence. It wraps around and comes down between Mr. LaRose. Yeah, if you follow that contour, that's kind of the area that goes to that lower corner. And it will no longer go to that lower corner. So while our volume remains a little bit better than what's there, there will be less surface area going to that corner. Any other discussion for this witness? All right, I think we may be ready to move on to the next person who has their hand raised. Thank you very much Mr. LaRose for your comments. Who's next? Next up is Jean. Jean Silver, whenever you're ready, go ahead. So I'm Jean Silver, I'm Bridgette's here also. We live at 48 LaFallon Street and I have three concerns. One, my concern about this pond is if it's gonna be deeper, how deep and will it be a hazard to small children? So right now there is a depression there. We'd be cutting it down anywhere from one feet to three feet. And on private property. So this could be filled with three feet of water? During a storm event, yes. Typical or less than most storm ponds. And those don't need any protection. I've visited on the developer's request or the developer one point's request. The project that was similar to this in Waterbury and a significant number of those homes had small children in them. And I'm concerned about a pond that can be that deep without any protection of kids wandering into it and drowning. We've had drownings in Monoski. It's one of these catch 22s. If the board feels that it's necessary, we would not be opposed to fencing. But in 35 years of doing this, what we found usually is that if you put up fencing it encourages kids. So it's, we kind of stay out of the fray and leave it up to the board as to whether they feel a fence is helpful or not. Is there an estimate as to how long that would be likely to be filled that high after a big storm? In our routing, I would think a few days but I don't have an exact number on that. I'm concerned. Four or five year old doesn't need much water to drown in. Just to clarify, so is the amount of water that would be ponding if the project was to move forward? Is it greater than what is currently ponding there or is it the same or less? It would be the same or slightly less but it would be a deeper, instead of being a shallow, wider area, it would be a deeper area. Whether a child gets into one foot of water or three foot of water, they can drown. But they're usually not too enticed by storm ponds from our experience. Well, I raise it as a concern and I think it should be addressed. My other concern is when this was first initiated I didn't know about the Main Street development and now there's going to be excess parking on La Fountain Street from two developments. And I saw what happened on Mansow Street. This is going to impact our neighborhood. People will have guests. Eventually we will be able to have guests at our house again. And the people living in this development, I am assuming that there are two bedroom houses, is that correct? Yes, that's correct. Okay, the way millennials have to live now it could easily be two couples because they can't afford it otherwise. So you could have potentially three four cars at a household. And then when you start heading guests on on weekends and same thing with the Main Street, there's going to be a problem. So I'm becoming concerned. And it's also, if you have a row of parked cars it's a safety issue for pets and for children and bikers, La Fountain's a busy street. So that's my second concern. My third concern is my understanding is as the sewage goes to La Fountain Street and gets into that sewer line, the wastewater line. Is that correct? That's correct, yeah. We have had incredible problems in the past with much to do with the city about sewage. And I'm just very, very concerned that we'll have problems at our house because of this. So those are my three concerns. Do you have anything, Bridge? I actually had a couple of questions. One of them is, I know you said there's a heavy duty pump station in there and I was just wondering what that was and is that going to be noise? The heavy duty pump station? So the heavy duty is a reference to the thickness of the concrete. It has a pump inside of it. You will not be able to hear it.  We can't make it by gravity out to the road. So there's a gravity sewer that starts at unit three goes down to the end of the road. The pump station, the pump is underwater within that station. So there's no sound from it. Typically this type of thing will help the main sewer in the road because it's only gonna kick on once or twice a day and it helps keep the main line sewer clean because it introduces some velocity to that sewer. But so it should help out. It has been reviewed as part of the Public Works Review. The parking, again, you asked and they are two bedroom units. We don't anticipate these are one family home so we don't anticipate that there is gonna be more than that. We are providing the two spaces per unit. So we do meet the town regs. And as Dan mentioned, there wasn't a lot of extra room but we did add two spaces near the planner boxes and the picnic table for additional. So La Fountain Street, it's not that we're saying people will park on La Fountain Street. They're not precluded from parking on La Fountain Street because it's a public road. But we're not counting on it. We meet the regulations independent of La Fountain Street. I was also wondering there are the circular items that are on the drawing that have like pie divisions in them. Are those trees? Yep, those are hardwood street trees. I think there's a total of 16 Freeman Naples. Okay, that's what I was asking. I mean, trees are good, I love trees. I was wondering if there's anything you could do with trees that would help your stormwater problem. Well, I don't think we have a problem. Okay, the last question that I had, you know, where this house is right under the F-35s. And I was wondering if there's anything in the plan to do any preventive insulation to make these desirable places to live. I'm not aware of that. I grew up in South Burlington underneath the plains and loved it. So I think most people that are buying in Winooski or renting in Winooski, they've chosen to live there. So I can't say that they like or love the noise, but it doesn't prevent them from choosing to live there. Well, I was just thinking with all the abatement projects that are under discussion now, if building right away, when everything's gonna need to be rebuilt is a good plan. It would definitely be smart for the builder to consider, you know, additional insulation. That's all my questions. Thank you. Any board members have any discussion or questions for these witnesses? Seeing none, I think we are ready to move on to the next set of folks. Thank you very much for sharing your thoughts with us and having that discussion. Who's next? Next, we have Josh Cox. Josh, whenever you're ready. Hello, can you hear me? Yes. Hi, my name is Josh Cox and here with my partner Amber Westcott. We live at 71 La Fountain. And I think we share, I think Jean articulated our concerns quite well related to the parking. Parking on La Fountain in this area is only allowed on one side of the street. So, and there's not a lot of parking available as it is right now without these units here. So that is certainly a concern of ours. And then related to the stormwater runoff. I know that, you know, builders can only build to what the modeling shows for 10-year storms and things like that. But I work frequently with the National Weather Service and every meteorologist I work with just keeps reiterating that storm intensity in Vermont is getting, they're getting, well, they're getting more intense and they're becoming more frequent. So I know it's with climate change is a larger issue. It's a bit hard to plan appropriately for that. But I suspect in short order, the way weather is intensifying here that the, that stormwater runoff may be woefully inadequate. So no questions, just those are my concerns I wanted to share. Any questions from the board for this witness? We get which side of La Fountain is the parking on currently? It's on the, well, it's on the side of the street that the development is planned for. I think that's the south side. If the cover sheet can be pulled up, the ortho photo that's on actually shows three cars parked along the fountain there. So that. So will there be some loss of parking? Will there be some no parking zones around that cut? It's at the existing opening, but I can't preclude, I don't know exactly where the line striping is to know if one space would be lost. Because with the change to the 20 foot drive with the required radii, it's certainly wider than what was there. Are there individual spaces striped currently? I don't know the answer to that. No, there's no. Yeah, David, I don't think the fountain currently has the striping for the spaces. Any other questions for this witness? Okay, so we've gotten, oh, we've got one more hand up, right? So I think we'll elevate our next person to share any concerns. Whenever you're ready, Sam, go for it. Hi, my name's Sam Russo. I live on Manso Street. Just in regards to striping the street for parking, since that comment was brought up, it's been very helpful to have that done on Manso Street. So thank you to the city for doing that. My concern is that if this is, there's two components to my concern that have to do with the width of this private road. One is access for emergency vehicles if there's any kind of parking allowed on this private road and how do you plan to mitigate that? And then the other is if this is a private road and you have nine units or all nine units going to be responsible for payments of repairs of this road or are units one and two going to be exempt because they're on the fountain. My concern is that repairs could exceed the financial ability of this homeowners association to actually repair this road. And if it falls into disrepair, that's a safety issue. So as far as the width goes, we are providing a 20 foot wide street. The fire chief has reviewed the plan and he said he was okay with it with the proposed turnarounds down on the southern side of the private road to allow the emergency vehicles to turn around. So the fire chief has said he is okay with that. And we do have some no parking signs down by the proposed fire lane at the turn around area there. And I thought that 20 is not narrow. 20 is the old 30. Roads were overbuilt in the 60s, 70s and into the 80s. And we've gotten smarter and trying not to overbuild road widths. If you went out and measured route 2A in most places you'd find with all that traffic it's about 22 feet wide. So there's a lot of roads are down to 16 foot width, 18 foot width, certainly gone away from curbs in most locations, gone to infiltrate storm. There was one comment early about stormwater being taken care of by the town. Well, that's the old method. It goes into catch basins and gets directed to some stream. And new school is infiltrate, infiltrate, infiltrate. So you try to reduce the amount of impervious area same as what they're doing with parking lots for shopping centers. Don't have three acres of parking if you only need two acres. Is there parking allowed along the length of the road? The private road? It's not restricted per se until you get down by the turn around but because of the driveways it's gonna kind of be self-imposed. It's not part of the calculations as far as meeting the requirements of two spaces per unit. And I think it's might, is it one and a half or two per unit but I know we meet the requirements. And again, they're two bedroom units which also helps. Could you foresee a situation where a car is parked offset on either side that would prevent an emergency vehicle from getting down that road? If a car was parked on both sides, that would be an issue. And based on that comment, I'd suggest that a condition be included for a sign it maybe two signs on the side. I think it would be on the side of units three through five for no parking on this side. That would be consistent with the, or actually the, I'm sorry, I think it's the opposite side. Put a couple of signs of no parking on this side consistent with where the fire chief wanted it down by the turn around. That would be a very good thing to do. And I've lost my train of thought. There was one other comment, the last gentleman made that. As far as maintenance for the private road, I looked at the roadway. All nine units. So while that duplex in the front does face LaFountain, it does come off this entrance and has its drive in the back. So while it may or may not use the rest of the road, it will be one ninth. There'll each be one ninth of the HOA and one ninth of ongoing costs. So is there, I would rely on the development review board to have an idea of what that type of cost would be. I'm thinking about a similar length of stretch on Manso Street needing repair. And that cost would essentially be divided over all the citizens of Winooski through our taxes. However, the stretch of roadway if needed significant repair, seems like it could be quite expensive. So I'm just asking the review board to take that into consideration to see if a private street this size could feasibly be maintained by nine units. Do we have a private road in Winooski that's this size with a similar population density that has been maintained adequately as a precedent? The, I guess the only thing I'd say is that there's with the drive going towards one two, you've got about 400 feet of 20 foot wide road which isn't very much compared to a small parking lot. You're talking 8,000 square feet of pavement. So it's not a large area to maintain. The cross section that we have should enjoy about a 30 year life cycle before pavement would need to be topped. So we never see that this road would need to be reconstructed because it's going to be constructed properly. What would happen in typically in about 30 years is they would be considering putting on a shim code with pavement and I'll try to do a quick calculation before we sign off as to what that'll be. Any questions or further discussion for this way? All right, seeing none. So we have other folks in the attendees list who have not made comment. That's totally fine. No pressure, but if you have been hanging out and you feel like you wanna talk, just let us know by raising your hand or putting your comments in the chat. Otherwise we are likely to wrap up the public portion of the meeting pretty quickly here. We do have technically the rest of the agenda to get through, which I expect to be pretty short. So just to give everyone who is here watching a preview of what's going to happen next, once we close this hearing, we're gonna go into a different zoom as a DRB and do our deliberative session that is closed to the public. And what we do is we issue a written decision on the application in front of us within 45 days of today's date. That'll be available from Eric and the city and whenever it's issued, it's typically a couple of weeks before that happens. And so any questions about that stay in touch with Eric and I'm sure he'll let whoever needs to know, no. I think we're waiting on math for our final. So a one inch shimco just for the roadway, not the driveways at today's cost would be about $6,000. So you could expect that it might be 7,000, pretty easy to incorporate into an HOA. You know, again, that would be anticipated about a 30 year life cycle. That life cycle can be longer if they're proactive on crack repair, you know, as cracks form if they put a motion on those that helps out greatly too. So it's not a large number. Okay, well, we'll take that into consideration along with Mr. Rousseau's comments during our deliberations. So I think we're ready to move on from item five on our agenda to item six, which is city updates. Eric, you got any city updates? So the only thing I wanted to update you on is that at our lab, I believe it was the last meeting you heard the appeal of the notice of violation to 133 Elm Street. You upheld that notice of violation that has subsequently been appealed to the Superior Court's environmental division. So more to come on that. But that is the only update that I have for you at this time. Cool. Other business, item seven. Anybody got any other business? I would just note that our next meeting is scheduled for December 17th. We do, I actually did receive an application today for that meeting. If you're all available for it, it would be another Zoom webinar meeting. So that should be a fairly simple, fairly straightforward application. It's a dimensional waiver for a pre-existing non-conforming lot. They just want to add on to their existing home. Want to go into the fourth dimension? Pretty straightforward. Can we waiver for it? Exactly, so. But that's so far, that's the only application that I've received and the deadline for that meeting is tomorrow. To that same point, I've developed the, put together the schedule for next year's meetings, the submission deadlines and the public hearing deadlines in our meeting schedule. That'll get posted to the city's website. Hopefully I'll provide that over to Paul to get that on our website in the next week or so so that folks can see that and I'll distribute that all out to you as well. Perfect. All right, the final item on my agenda. Oh, go for it, sorry. There was something we were gonna review at the city council meeting, what happened to that? Right, so that actually got pulled from the council agenda. Or sorry, it never, it didn't get pulled from the agenda. We didn't include it on the agenda because we are waiting for some additional information from the applicant. That has not been rescheduled yet. So I will let you all know when that does get rescheduled. And remind me what that was for a, the proposed development of lot nine in downtown. That's the hotel that keeps coming up every couple of years, right? Correct, that's correct. Eric, what about the George Street appeal? Any news on that? That has moved. That is in the environmental division as well of the Superior Court. I don't really have anything. I know they've had a pre-conference or they had a call about it with all the parties involved. The neighbors have entered in appearance as well as the applicant. So they had some discussions but I don't think there's been any movement so far. The wheels of justice, they're real slow. Okay. I would entertain a motion to adjourn. Anybody wants to make one? I will motion to adjourn. All right. And do we have a second? Second. All right. All in favor, hand all opposed. All abstaining, looks like motion passes. Sam, thank you very much for your kind words in the chat. And DRB members, what we're gonna do is exit this meeting and you have a separate email session and we'll see y'all in that Zoom.


Let me start by thanking the organizers for receiving me back again in Trieste. It's a pleasure to be here. Everything that I'm going to talk about is a joint work with Federico Rodríguez Hertz. So I'll be working in the following setting. I'm going to consider a compact metric space and F on theomorphism of it. And I will be interested in the thermodynamic formalities that you can associate to these systems. And in particular, I'll be paying attention to the concept of topological pressure.  So let me denote by Pfm, the set of all F invariant Borel probability measures of m. For a given continuous map, just a real value map which in this part of the theory are usually called potentials, you define the topological pressure as a following quantity. You take an invariant measure, you look at the entropy of the map F and you add the integral of phi respect to nu and then you take the supremum among all possible invariant measures. That's the topological pressure. Then let me define what is an equilibrium state. An equilibrium state for the potential phi is simply a measure such that the previous supremum is obtained, namely for the topological pressure of F is equal to the entropy of F plus with respect to nu plus the integral of phi with respect to nu. You can think of that you can define in some sense that thermodynamic formalities, at least in equilibrium is precisely the study of equilibrium states. And we will be interested in questions as the following, do they exist?  Can you find an equilibrium state? Well, it happens that this part of the theory is in some sense the easiest to deal with due to very general methods. I'm going to put here the name of Bowen and it's meant to be in an illustrative tone. There are many people who have to work in this, I cannot give you a complete bibliography, but it's just a sample, okay? General methods, what I mean by general methods is give you an example if you were yesterday in the talk of Radu, he looked at this map. You fix F and you look at the map that for an invariant measure, it gives you the entropy of F. And he was talking about what happens with this guy's upper semi-continuous. Okay? So if this map is upper semi-continuous, adding an integral, fix integral, or an integral of a fixed function is also upper semi-continuous because this function is continuous, whatever the measure. Now, the other probability measures comprise a compact metric space and you have an upper semi-continuous function of it so it has a maximum. So in this way you prove very simply that equilibrium state exists, but it doesn't tell you anything about the equilibrium state. Now, if you have existence, you may wonder about uniqueness. Here, you also have general, but general methods, but they're a little bit more restrictive. You have to put some conditions, otherwise you won't hold. And here, again, you have the very classical work you have the very classical work of Bowen or more recently, Clemenada and Thompson have been working in this part of the theory. And then, once you have existence, uniqueness, you discuss uniqueness, you are interested in properties or description of equilibrium states. And for this, I mean the following, say, if your equilibrium state mixing, is it Bernoulli? That is, is it your system homeomorphic to flip in a coin? Maybe your coin has many phases, maybe your phases are not equi-probable, but still this is essentially most random system that you can think of. And also the chaos correlations that was discussed previously in the lecture of Federico. I'm writing properties of description because to have these properties, you need to know something about the equilibrium state. The general methods usually don't tell you anything. Yeah. Now, I'm going to leave the general theory and I'm going to concentrate in the part of the theory that I'm interested in, which is a smooth algorithm theory. Smooth algorithm theory, I'm going to assume that M is a manifold and F is a morphic. And I'm going to tell you about one of the most important theorems in a smooth dynamical systems. It's a following. If you have an hyperbolic attractor of F and I'm assuming transitivity, then for every held potential, there exists a unique equilibrium state for the restriction of F2 to lambda. Now, I'm asking a little bit more than continuity, but that's not too much, right? It's just healthy. And if you assume a formal property that is that F restricted to lambda is topological mixing, then your system is metrical isomorphic to our relationship. Names that are related. This first part is essentially due to senior, real and Bowen. And for the last part, you need the arguments of the Orson theory that part of the essential is Orson and Ways and Bowen also. Okay, this is a very important theory. Give me a couple of examples. If Phi is identical equal to zero, then use the entropy maximization. And if Phi is minus the logarithm of the determinant of F restricted to the unstable bundle, then use it as SRB measure. Here, you need to assume a little bit of more differentiability because you want that potential to be healthy, otherwise it's not. But as you can see, we already have two cases, very important cases, very popular cases, a lot of research going on in this part of the theory. What is the main idea of the proof? The main idea of the proof is following. Use Markov partitions and you really use your system to a subchief of finite type.  That's nice and everything, but you need the Markov partition. In the full generality that I wrote, you can do it for some cases without passing through the Markov partition, but not for all of them, as one can expect. Since this is a foundational theorem, there are a lot of generalizations and people working on that. And I'm going to just highlight the case of, and also flows, and I'm not going to go further. Okay? This is in a Royal Bowen, essentially. Maybe Royal Bowen. Let me remind you of the following. Some hyperbolicity is usually required for the general consensus. You either assume something about your map, or some part of the map, or you assume something for the potential. And in the next week, you are going to have a course by Yuri, which he's going to assume a very mild condition of hyperbolicity. And he's going to work with that to obtain Markov partitions, in some sense, and work with, get the equilibrium states. And now, let me discuss an important example where the available methods fail. Those are diagonal actions on locally homogeneous spaces. I'm going to rely here on the course of Professor Muhammadi, which I have seen that you have been discussing diagonal actions, at least on quotients of SL and R. I'm not going to work in the most general setting. I'm just going to contain myself with giving you one example. Take the three SL, three R. And take the diagonal group, the matrices with positive entries, the two group of G. And consider a co-compact torsion-free lattice there, in G. That means you already know what co-compact lattice means, torsion-free means you can think it in the right way. For me, what is important is that G mod gamma is a manifold. You may not even need that, but let's assume that. Then you have a natural action of the diagonal group on the quotient, which is a manifold. And this is an analysis of action. And what is an analysis of action? There is an element, at least one element, not all of them, but at least one element that leaves a splitting of that form, ES plus EC plus EU invariant. For some metric, DF and EU is a expansion. EU is an unstable bundle. Of course, DF, restricted to ES, is a contraction. And EC is tensioned to the orbit of the action. Now, in the orbit of the action, you are essentially a translation.  So in there, you don't have any publicity, okay? Essentially, what they say is it's a little bit of an exercise, but not too hard, that you can choose the metric in M, such that F as an isometry on the orbit for the action. And then you say that F is a center isometry, and the definition should be evident. So you have three bundles, ES, EC plus EU.  The differential is an isometry, okay? Now, what is the difference that you may interchange leaves? In the orbit foliation of a new group action, the leaves are fixed. Here, you may change them, okay? So this is an example, and this is an example of partial hyperbolic dynamical systems. And again, the remark that I was trying to make is, you don't have any publicity on the center.  Anybody on measure, you look at the Lyapunov exponents, restricted to the center, they are zero. You are not going to get any hyperbolicity. This is just congenital facts. Believe me that this is true. All those bundles are integrable. ES, EU, EC, EC plus ES, EC plus EU, which are center-stable and center-unstable. And you can integrate it by its center, F, invariant, foliation, which I'm going to denote W star, where star is SU, CC, CS, or CU. And now I'm going to state our main theorems. Suppose that you have a center isometry of class C2, and assume that W, the stable and the unstable are minimal, that these all leaves are dense. This is the topological mixing condition that I was talking in the previous theorem, okay? And suppose that you're given a holder potential, then the following happens. You can find an invariant measure and five minutes of measures along the unstable, the stable, the center-stable, and the center-unstable, which satisfies the following. Well, the probability new phi is an equilibrium state. And for every x, the measure, say, look at the measure in each unstable leaf, you put a random measure. And you say do the same in every stable leaf, and you do the same in every center-stable leaf, and every center-unstable leaf, those are given. That's a part of the theorem. And it has some properties. So if you have a measurable partition that refines, that means that the atoms are conditioned to the unstable leaves, say, the conditionals of your equilibrium state are equivalent to new ux. Here I mean the following, say, suppose that you have eufoliation, you take a box, and you apply fubini, and you get measures here. Those measures are going to be, after normalization, are going to be proportional for some positive function to the new ux and new ux. Here is this partition. I look at the conditional measure here. This is equivalent to new. Then some other properties for every epsilon sufficient and small. If you look at the ball size, the center-infection size epsilon, you have product structure with respect to the unstable and the center-stable, that is that your measure there is equivalent to a product. And then you have what is called the Gibbs property. But let me be precise here. Consider epsilon, say, for x epsilon n, look at the following. You look at the points in the locally stable manifold of x, such that the distance from x to y are less than epsilon for the n-first iterates. This is just the intersection of the n-epsilon, ball and ball of x with respect to the local unstable of x-epsilon. And then the measure of that set is comparable to the virgo sum of phi of x minus n topological entropy of phi. Okay, so you come for every n, that's for every n. The bounds depend on epsilon, but they don't depend on n, neither do they depend on x. This is called the Gibbs property. Is this in the unstable manifold? What, did I write wrong? Ah, yes, yes, yes, sorry. Yes, thank you, yes, yes, absolutely right. It's the new UX, sure. Now, what happens? Why I'm writing that? I'm writing that because of the following.  Each time that you add a virgo sum, two points, the difference between two points, this difference is going to maintain forever. So you're not going to be able to get something like this. You get something which is exponential with n, but that's the term coming from the center, which we already know that you have. So you have that. Now let me give you, discuss a couple of more properties. F is a center isometry. C2 and unstable and stable are minimum. This is a center isometry. So you act, it's a partially hyperbolic. In the center, you act as an isometry. And then the center isometry. So you can think of the regular element of an enosofaction. That's my main interest to find. So let me now discuss Bernoulli, which should be Bernoulli property and uniqueness. Time t of an enosoflows, yes, precise. So along this, you have unstable, stable, and along the flow direction, you add an isometry. For an enosoflow, it was already done, but you need to pass through the Markov partition. That's essentially Bowen. But he gets Markov partition for the flow, not for the time t. If Markov partition is for the flow, no, it's the flow. It's for the autonomy of the flow, in fact. If you want, I'll discuss you in the beginning, in the end. But if you wanted, for the case of flows, it's no. The problem is higher rank actions. Now, let me, there are a couple of conditions that it will tell me, it will leave me straight. So I'm not one to mention what are the conditions that I need, but if you put a couple of conditions, simple conditions, you get that your system is metrically isomorphic to a normally shift, okay? And what about uniqueness? Well, assume either that the dimension of the stable and the unstable is one, or that you have an ergodic automorphism of the torus. That's another example. Ergodic automorphism of the torus are partially hyperbolic, and the center direction you act as an essentially isometric. Well, should be an isometric, I guess. I should put an ergodic automorphism of the torus, such that irreducible, maybe. Then, the equilibrium state is unique. And what is working process, what we are doing, we are almost complete, maybe, is that uniqueness also holds in the homogeneous cases. For example, the weight chamber flow, if you know what it means. Okay, but I'm not going to talk about this, I'm going to, how much I'll do I have? Five minutes. All right. Okay. Okay, that's fine. Let me then speed up a little bit. Let me remind you a couple things of SRB measures. In the general settings, an SRB measure is a measure which is absolutely has unstable conditionals, absolutely continues with respect to the back. This can be made precise in very general framework. I'm not going to do it, I'm going to work, keep working with center isometers. But here you have two important works which tell you what is the behavior of these type of measures. And the first is SRB measure exists. And this is due to the foundation of work of Sina and Pessim. In principle, that's not obvious at all. For the hyperbolic, you have a mark of partition. For other systems, you don't, they exist. And the other thing is that are the sophisticated argument of Le Drapin and Young, that if your measure is an SRB measure, if and only the entropy of F is the logarithm of the unstable, is the logarithm of the unstable Jacobian.  That is that if the entropy, that's Pessim formula. So you have equality in Pessim formula. If you have, you put everything to the left. So you have that NS new has absolutely continuous conditional measures along unstable. If and only if the entropy minus the logarithm, the integral of minus the logarithm is zero. So it's a equilibrium state for that potential. That's what I wrote in the beginning. And here I'm using implicitly that unstable manifolds coincide with Pessim's unstable manifold. There are no expansion whatsoever along the center. All invariant measure has zero the opponent's phone is along the center. So let me try at least to tell you what is the theorem that we are proving, or we have proof, which is you have a similar characterization of what are equilibrium states in terms of the measures. So you have the following. New is an equilibrium state for your potential and phi if and only if your conditionals along unstable are equivalent to new you. Those are the families that we constructed along the unstable. And now a measure, an invariant measure is an equilibrium state if and only if, if you disintegrate, you look at the conditionals, those are equivalent to new. This is, well, let me go to the, this complete the theorem and make some remarks. This, you have this in for the stable. So the conditionals along the stable should be new as. And conversely, if you have an invariant measure which has conditionals absolutely to continue with respect to new, new you, then you use an equilibrium state. And in particular, they are equivalent to new, the conditionals are equivalent and along the stable you also know them. So if you think about this, this is a complete analog of the case SRB.  You can hear in this case, what is the point is that these families, they provide you the reference measures to which you can compare. For the SRB, you already have Lebesgue. Lebesgue is always there. But for this case, in principle, that was unknown, right? What do you compare? Well, you compare it with new you and new us. That's what you compare. And this, I think it is even new for the case of, I lost my morphism. That's why the decision is I haven't seen it anywhere else. So I don't prove, and probably I don't have too much time, I guess, all right? Couple of minutes to go into the proof. No, maybe not, maybe not. Let me see if I have. I don't think that I'm going to, I'll leave it here, I'll leave it here then.


This is stock number HC-52B. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used half-ton truck headquarters. Remember we are the guys with the trucks on 41. Today we are checking out this super clean 2014 Chevy Silverado 1500 Crew Cab Short Box. This truck has the 5.3 liter V8 motor. From this HD video you will be able to tell that 4 of the miles on this truck, it is in excellent shape. No dents or dings on that front bumper. Factory fog lights, headlight lenses are nice and clear. I believe this color is silver ice metallic, or one of the silver, sheer silver or silver ice metallic that they got. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the truck with me. Factory alloy rims, pretty nice shape. Looks like it has brand new brakes on the front and it has Cooper Discover 265-65R18 tires and these tires have probably about I'd say 75% of the tread left. Didn't see any dents or dings on that front fender. The hood and front grille are in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on that hood. And the passenger side fender is in nice condition as well. Didn't see any major dents or dings on that. Passengers side rim, very very clean. And as you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away, or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck and want to make sure that you're making a smart driving decision to come see it. We go all the way around inside and out so you can have the confidence that you're dealing with the right vehicle and the right people. I didn't see any dents or dings down that side. Has some nice chrome step bars on it. Apologize for that. Camera holder got a little wonky there. Back room is in nice shape as well. Back tires have just as much tread as the front tires and the frame and underbody. It's a pretty nice condition. All the rockers look really good and the wheel wells look really good as well. I didn't see any major rock chips or corrosion or anything like that. And the frame and underbody underneath is about what you expect on a 60,000 mile truck. Can't really see much. I apologize for that. There we go. Not too bad. Lower rockers all look really good. As we come around to the back of the truck here, you can see it has the rear bumper steps. No major dents or dings on that rear bumper. It does come with the full towing package which includes the receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. Tailgate is in excellent shape as well. Has a truck's port soft tonneau cover. Bed's got a little bit of light duty usage but it's a truck. That's what trucks do. Locking tailgate. Easy lift assist tailgate. And down this side of the truck just as clean as that passenger side. Tell you what those mud flaps really help keep those lower rockers nice and clean. Free of rock chips which ultimately lead to corrosion on these trucks. So they've done a nice job keeping it clean. And the back rim is in nice condition as well. Very clean down this side.  There are no rips, no tears in the seats. Get a power driver seat. Really nice clean condition. Power windows, power locks and power mirrors. You get the factory brake controller turned out four wheel drive with the auto feature and auto headlamps. You have a tilt and a telescopic steering wheel. And as we hop in the truck here you can see that this one has 63,300 miles. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You get a leather wrapped steering wheel. That's in nice condition as well. Bluetooth audio controls on the right and cruise controls on the left. Has the six speed automatic transmission with the manual tap shift. And you have your Chevy MyLink system. So you get AM, FM and Sirius. I believe it has Sirius XM radio capabilities. If you go to browse here, there it is. XM preview right there. And I believe this truck has a backup camera. Yep. Dual climate control. It does have a CD player. Stability control. And then those are your cargo lamps for the back. You get the dual glove boxes right there. Factory all-weather floor mat on that side. Passenger seat is very clean as well. No rips or tears on that. Has a side curtain airbags. And the headliner is in nice condition as well. Map lights up there. And then hard to see but you do have your on-star capabilities in the mirror there. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll check out under the hood. Back seats just as clean as the front seats. There are no rips. There are no tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system for your car seats. Has the fixed glass rear window with the defrost. And those seats do fold up for a lot of extra storage. You can see that the carpeting is very nice and clean. And that it has all-weather floor mats back here as well. We'll take a quick look under the hood. I'd personally like to thank you for checking out the video today, hopefully, from this HD video. You will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is inside and out. And that's really our ultimate goal with the videos to make sure that you're comfortable with the vehicle you're coming to look at before you even get here so you can make a smart buying decision quickly and easily. Under the hood we have the 5.3-liter V8 motor. Engine base very clean, runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safetyed, fully inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the rest of the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. To see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, you name what we got it, go to our website www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot. Videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at summitauto.com. And if you want to check out just our used inventory you can go to truckson41.com. That's truckson41, the number 41.com. And check out just our used inventory right there, goes right to it. And if you want to make this truck yours, give us a call right now<PHONE_NUMBER>. Ask for one of our sales associates standing by to take your call. Once again that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks again for checking out the video and if you want to check out more videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left. A link to more half-toned truck videos like this one on your right. And if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website, click those, check us out. We really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2014 Chevy Silverado 1500 Crew Cab Short Box. Thanks again.


Ever dreamt of owning your own home, but the high cost of housing in Germany makes it seem like an impossible dream. Housing in Germany, particularly in its bustling cities, is known for its steep prices, the vibrant city life, the high quality of living, and the robust economy all contribute to the skyrocketing costs of homes. It's a challenge that many potential home buyers face, with the dream of owning a home seeming more elusive with each passing day. But here's the thing, Germany is more than just its major cities. It's a country rich with diverse towns and communities, each with their own unique charm. And the best part, housing in these areas can be surprisingly affordable. So, while the cost of housing in Germany can be daunting, don't be disheartened, there are affordable alternatives waiting to be discovered. But what if we told you that you can indeed own a home in Germany without breaking the bank? Believe it or not, there are towns in Germany where home ownership is within reach, even on a tight budget. Yes, it's true. Now, while we all know that real estate can be a tricky business, especially in a country as diverse and economically vibrant as Germany, there's no need to lose hope. So, for those who dream of owning a little slice of Deutschland, we've got something special for you. We're here to take you on a journey through the ten cheapest towns to buy a house in Germany. That's right, a countdown of affordability, a tour of budget-friendly locales, where your real estate dreams can become reality. From north to south, east to west, these towns offer a unique blend of affordability, charm, and quality of life. So pack your virtual bags, folks. We're about to embark on an exciting real estate adventure. Let's start the countdown, shall we? Kicking off our countdown at number 10, we find ourselves in the charming town of Gelsenkirchen. This former coal mining town has a rich history and is now known for its low cost of living.  Its affordability comes from a combination of factors, including lower demand and a higher availability of housing options. Next, at number 9, we have the city of Bremerhaven. Nestled at the mouth of the River Wazer, this maritime city offers a coastal lifestyle that's surprisingly affordable. The average house price here is low due to the city's ongoing efforts to attract new residents and revitalize the area. Plus, who wouldn't want to wake up to the sound of seagulls and the smell of the sea? Rounding off our first trio at number 8 is the serene town of Seegan. Nestled in the heart of Germany, this town offers a mix of city and country living. The average cost of housing here is affordable due to the town's relatively small size and the availability of older, more economical housing options. However, don't be fooled by its affordability. Seegan is rich in culture and offers a high quality of life, making it a great place to settle down without breaking the bank. These towns each offer their unique charm and affordability, making them great options for those seeking to buy a home without the hefty price tag often associated with home ownership. So, if you're looking for a place to call home that won't cost you an arm and a leg, these towns should definitely be on your list, moving on to the next set of affordable towns. We're halfway through our countdown and the deals are getting even better. As we venture deeper into our list, we find ourselves in the charming town of Altenberg, nestled deep in the Thuringia region, with its quaint cobblestone streets and the imposing Altenberg Castle. This town offers a rich history and a peaceful lifestyle. But what truly sets Altenberg apart is its affordability. You can secure a home here at prices that are truly a steal, making it our seventh cheapest town to purchase a house in Germany. Moving on, we land in the sixth spot, the picturesque town of Salzvettel. Located in the Saxony and Halt region, this town is a hidden gem. It's known for its half-timbered houses and the serene Jitzel river that flows through the town, providing a tranquil setting for its residents. Salzvettel offers a perfect blend of a rich cultural heritage and modern conveniences, all without burning a hole in your pocket. The cost of buying a house here is significantly lower than in many other towns, making Salzvettel a worthy contender on our list. Now, let's move to the fifth spot, our midway point. Here we find the delightful town of Permacens, perched on the edge of the Palatinate Forest in the Rhineland-Palatinate region. Living here, you'll be surrounded by nature's beauty, with the forest offering plenty of outdoor activities. Permacens is also known for its vibrant arts scene, boasting several museums and theatres. The best part? The cost of homes here is surprisingly affordable, making Permacens a great choice for those seeking a balance between cost and quality of life. So, there you have it, folks. From the historical allure of Altenberg, the tranquil charm of Salzvettel, to the nature-kissed Permacens, these towns offer a blend of affordability and lifestyle that's hard to resist. They are perfect for those of you who dream of owning a home in Germany without breaking the bank. Stay with us, the best is yet to come. We're getting closer to the top of our list of affordable towns. Buckle up as we journey into the fourth town on our list, a gem in the heart of Germany, Bacchum. This town is a blend of modern city life and rich history. The average property price here is refreshingly low, making it an attractive option for those seeking to own a home in a vibrant, bustling town. You'll find a multicultural community, thriving arts scene, and a variety of outdoor activities to keep you entertained. Next, we're off to the third most affordable town in Germany, Chemnitz. This town, nestled in the state of Saxony, is a hub of innovation and industry. Despite its economic strength, the property prices in Chemnitz remain relatively low. It's a place where the old meets new, with stunning architecture from different eras standing side by side. Plus, it boasts a rich cultural scene with numerous museums, theaters, and galleries to explore. Now hold your breath as we reveal the second cheapest town to buy a house in Germany. Welcome to Sigen. Nestled in the lush green hills of North Rhine Westphalia, Sigen offers a serene and peaceful environment. It's a paradise for nature lovers, with numerous hiking trails and parks. The property prices here are surprisingly affordable, making it an ideal place to settle down and enjoy the tranquility. Each of these towns offers a unique blend of affordability, culture, and quality of life. Whether you're a fan of bustling city life, or prefer the quiet charm of a smaller town, you're sure to find your dream home in one of these affordable German towns. And now, the moment you've been waiting for, and the town with the most affordable housing in Germany, is Bitterfeld-Wolfen. Nestled in Saxony-Anhalt, this charming town boasts a rich history and a vibrant culture. But what sets it apart is the attractive housing market. Here you can secure a home without breaking the bank, making it an appealing choice for those looking to stretch their euros. Imagine living in a place where the blend of history and modernity is just outside your doorstep. Bitterfeld-Wolfen offers this unique combination with beautifully preserved historical buildings juxtaposed against recent developments. The town's housing market is as diverse as its architectural landscape, offering a range of homes that cater to different budgets and lifestyle preferences. The affordability of Bitterfeld-Wolfen does not compromise on quality. The town offers a high standard of living, with efficient public services, top-notch schools, and a strong sense of community. So there you have it, the 10 most affordable towns to buy a house in Germany. We hope this video has given you some hope and inspiration for home ownership in Germany. We've journeyed together through the 10 most affordable towns, each with its unique charm and appeal. From the vibrant culture of the 10th to the incredible value offered by the number one spot, we've seen just how attainable owning a home can be. Remember, Germany's housing market is full of hidden gems, places where the cost of living meets quality of life in a perfect balance. Each of the towns we've explored today offers a unique blend of affordability, culture, and lifestyle that makes them perfect for anyone looking to invest in a home. So, whether you're a young professional, a growing family, or an adventurous retiree, these towns offer something for everyone. So why wait? Start exploring your options today. Don't forget to subscribe to The European Hub for more informative videos about Europe. We have a lot more to share with you. Until next time!


Why wait until Black Friday when you can get plug-in bargains all year round? Hi folks, I'm Mike and I hope you're well. My friends at Plug-in Boutique have asked me to pick my favourites amongst their current specials. I've picked an effect, an instrument, a bundle and something completely free. But let's start off by taking a look at some strings. This is U-Jam strings with all those extra eyes in the middle, but before I talk about what it does and what all the features are, let's just have a quick listen to it and see what's possible with it. It's one of those plug-ins which is so easy to get good results from, it kind of feels like cheating actually. Let's just break down what we were hearing there. On the right hand side we can see the play range of keys here, that's where you're going to play your basic chords and you can play major, minor, suspended, fourths etc. I'm just playing A major there and I was getting this result. Now we can get some variation on the phrases by using these keys on the left hand side down here. So we were using that one, let's hear some different phrases. You can hear some differences in intensity and complexity there. Now we can also do some variations of the bass notes here, yeah? So we do that by playing the sort of middle set of keys here, let's have a listen to that. And we can also get some variations with the black keys on the left hand side here by adding in some additions. Okay, let's have a try with that. And you can see I finally used the end key there to get that nice finish to everything. Now this is just one of the presets. Let's have a listen to something else, we just click through and a couple. Let's have a listen to this one, Vivaldi, okay? This is probably what you expect it's going to be. Easy results with a whole bunch of different presets. Now you can see that it's basically made up of low strings and high strings here. And we can actually sort of blend the two by using the pitch bend wheel on our keyboard. You can see that down here. So you'll hear that we can go between the low and the highs here. We can also get a bit of sort of dynamics by using the actual mod wheel here. So the keys themselves are not velocity sensitive, but as I say, we can add dynamics using this. So as you can hear, the whole thing is made up, or you can probably see, is made up of low strings and high strings here. And you can see that we can also apply effects to the low strings and to the high strings as well as to the overall sound. Now the reason I bring that up is because as well as these traditional sounding strings, you can also get some really kind of way out there, funky things by using these effects here. I'm going to demonstrate that by going to one of the other presets, ATM After Dark. Something really different, hey? And moving on just one more, I haven't tried this one, ATM Loss Satellite Strings. So you can see that the applications for this could really be way beyond your traditional string section sounds. There's a whole bunch of presets, a whole bunch of different styles that you can use in this. Now how much does it cost at the moment? Well if we go over to Plug-in Boutique, we can see that it's currently got 50% off, okay? So it's down to $92.96, all there about. So I have to be careful with this because there's some slight variations depending on what country you buy from. There could be some differences in taxes. 50% off to bring it down to this price in my opinion is an absolute bargain when you consider the effortless way that you can get great results from this plug-in. Smooth operator from Baby Audio is another one of those plug-ins which feels a little bit like cheating because you get your results without having to do too much. What does it do? Well I think that what's happening under the hood with this is some dynamic EQ but there's some artificial intelligence mixed in because it attempts to automatically find resonant frequencies for you which may be fatiguing and it reduces those, okay? We're going to see that happening in a moment. But first of all let's just have a quick listen to this track which I've got it applied to. It's bypassed at the moment. We'll listen to the track first. Okay so I'm now going to switch it on and you're going to see when I play the track again you're going to see a sort of a frequency analyzer happening or a spectrum analyzer happening at the bottom here and at the top you'll see where what I think is dynamic EQ happening, a kind of multi-band compression if you will. Let's switch it on and see what's happening. You can see there was quite a lot happening in the low end here and a little bit in the mids. It obviously felt like there was just too much boominess I think in that low end. It may well be right. So that gives you that kind of automatic fix. Now you can sort of control how much this is emphasised with the overall threshold just by dragging the middle control down up and down here yeah. As with many of these types of plugins if you can sort of really really hear what's happening like we did when I pulled it all the way down here then you're probably using it too much. It should be sort of fairly subtle in my opinion. Now so that's the sort of automatic use of it. Now you can control how detailed it's going to get with this focus control down here. So with the focus all the way up it's really going to hone in on specific frequencies and that's the kind of automatic use of this plugin but you do have a little bit of more than a little bit of manual control as well so we'll switch it back on. Now what if I sort of like what it's doing but perhaps I don't quite agree with what it's doing in that low end there yeah. I'll pull it down and now I'm going to push this low end up here. We can also do the same on the high end and then we've got a couple of bands that we can adjust ourselves there yet with sort of high lows and the sort of mids there or the high mids I guess we would say there. So we do have some manual control. I think this is really nice. It's very subtle but it's a really nice way just to easily get rid of some of those irritating frequencies that you'll sometimes get in your mixes. How much does it cost at the moment if we head over to plug-in boutique we can see that we've got 43% off of this at the moment bringing it down to around about $42 there. Follow the links in the description for that. Those of you who've watched the channel for any length of time at all will know that I'm a huge fan of Tokyo Dorn Labs plug-ins and it's great to see that plug-in boutique have this exclusive bundle the Tokyo Dorns Labs TDR channel strip bundle that's a mouthful isn't it. So a channel strip bundle here with three really useful plug-ins. Now I'm not going to run through these in detail but I will give you a link at the end of this video to another video I've made about a few different Tokyo Dorns plug-ins and why I love them but just to give you a quick overview of what's in this bundle first of all we get a limiter okay this is the TDR limiter six so-called I guess because it's got these six modules in there for your limiting purposes great for finishing off tracks getting your levels good there's compression in there there's peak limiting etc so that's the first one in this bundle the second one we have is an absolute sort of classic for me because I've featured this in a number of videos talking about how much I like it on the face of it and over here is just a parametric EQ but what I really like is its dynamic EQ features really nice to use quite intuitive and great for dynamic EQ compression and expansion as well. And lastly the third item in this bundle is TDR mollot is it mollot or mollot I don't know how it's pronounced this is a great powerful and sort of a compressor which has a lot of character to it as well as I say follow the link at the end of this video for some more in-depth reviews I've done on TDR plug-ins how much does this particular exclusive bundle cost well if we look over at plug-in boutique we can see it's currently $97 90 that's a saving of $78 it's normally $176 for all of these three plugins so if you've you know watched some of my other videos and seen how much I like these plugins maybe you've tried out some of their free versions and like them this is a great time to upgrade to these full versions of these plugins so we're back to where we started with a u-jam product this time finisher micro and by the way there's a summer sale on at the moment over at plug-in boutique for a whole bunch of u-jam products up to 75% offer some of those it's definitely worth checking out but this one is absolutely free now I may have mentioned this on the channel before I think in another video but it's worth talking about again for those of you who missed it finisher micro is not a specific type of effects some of the presets which we can choose at the bottom here with the mode dial a sort of more chorus based some of them are delay based some of them are mixture of the two and some of them give a kind of a lo-fi sound there's just a bunch to choose from there you can try them out and then just dial them in using this amount dial here that's all there is to it so I'm going to give you a bit of a taste of some of these presets here by playing this piano part and I'm just going to sort of just watch when I change from one mode to another and then I dial it in and listen out for what the effect is an awful lot of fun they're definitely worth downloading give a try on a track which you just think you need a bit of inspiration with now as I mentioned earlier I'm a huge fan of tokyo dawn records plugins and you can check out a video I made right here where I compare their free plugins with their paid plugins why not take a look at that right now


there's so much we don't know and so we need humility in our theology we need humility in our science and technology oh big time I have a little section in there quoting some of the folks about scientism which can be defined as the the notion that it's not real unless science can measure it and you know and understand it the things that can't be understood by science or you know hard-reel can't be and that we really need humility in that regard but it was saying Augustine who had said if you were to ask me what are the ways of God I would say humility humility humility