Thank you everybody. We're going to just do the wrap up now for day two of the October 2022 hackathon. Thank you everyone for all of your hard work today. There's been lots of questions and discussions that's been great to see and I think the poor requests are well and truly flowing in now. So I hope everyone's having a good time here both in person and online and thank you for all of your contributions so far. Mae'r rhan o'r hyn o'r ffordd o'r dda i yw ymddangos y maen nhw pwy o ddechrau i dyn ni, sy'n dwy ffrindio iawn ymddangos gyda IWS, ac mae'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r pwy o'r pwy o'r pwysig, yn i'r bwysig i'r buslolaeth. Mae'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r gyrfa o'r dynnu ymddangos ymddangos, mae'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r bwysig i dynnu. I'm not going to say much more than that. We will do a group photo of everyone who came to the hackathon just before everything kicks off. So try and make sure you get to the restaurant kind of fairly promptly for eight o'clock because the photographers will be there and we'll do that photo soon after. Also, there's going to be like an introduction and stuff. So just try not to be late because you'll miss over kind of kick off.  So if you want to walk with us, meet us in the foyer downstairs at half past seven and we're going to aim to leave pretty promptly at half past seven so we'll be milling around for 10 minutes beforehand. So just from where you come in through the main doors. And if you would rather kind of go home to your hotel first and meet us straight there, that's totally fine. Just try and be there by around eight. We're not going to let us in if you're early though. Just don't be super early. It's about half an hour walk from here. If you're going by yourself, there's quite a lot of public transport options and I sent the link to the Google Maps in Slack. So hopefully you'll be able to find it. If there's any problems, just spam Slack with lots of messages and hopefully someone will pick up on it and we'll be able to help you out. But it's quite a nice walk as we're going to go past several kind of Barcelona landmarks and stuff so it should be nice. Just bear in mind that Hackathon Dinner is we've kind of booked exactly the right number for the people who are here for the in-person hackathon. So please, just if you're not sure if you actually signed up for the in-person hackathon then check with Chris and me and we can check it up on the spreadsheet. Better, I'm sure it'll be fine. Okay, otherwise, the other point is just to remind everyone about tomorrow. So tomorrow is a half day again. So we will be starting off exactly the same as we did this morning, kind of turn up any time from nine o'clock. At 10 o'clock in the morning, we all have a social. We'll be doing a quiz and it's kind of a fun, light-hearted quiz. It's going to run on an online platform called Kahoot. So this is for everyone, both here in person and online. And we will run it through Gather Town. So the way it will work is basically, we'll put Gather Town up on the TVs here for people in person and then you use your phone to put in the answers and the question comes up on the screen and for everyone on Gather Town you'll see. I think it's Fran who's going to be running it. She'll be stood at the front of the room sharing her screen so you'll see exactly the same as us and there'll be no time delay, which should be perfectly fair. So that will be about 10 o'clock and then we'll do our final kind of panic, wrapping up, trying to get everything done and we'll have a wrap up talk at 2. Thank you. Someone in the audience has been looking at the schedule. I think we have lunch at 12 or 1 and then we have final wrap up at 2. Once we're finished here, we're going to move out of these rooms completely. So the summit will happen downstairs in Tawr Glorious so it's in the minus one floor. So you come in through the main doors and then on the 4A there's some steps that go downstairs and that's where the summit will be. So after we wrap up, please clear everything out and we need to leave all these rooms as tidy as possible. So if you have a little bit of time to give us a hand that would be really helpful. And we just basically go straight downstairs and the first talk is at 5 p.m. so you've got a couple of hours there. Any questions that we think clear? That would be nice. A question was, will there be a chance to go upstairs to the top of a tower to get a view from the top? I think Maxine might have tried at one point. Seems to have been exploring. No, unfortunately not. It's pretty good out the window, so, you know. Yep, anything else? Cool. In that case, let's kick off and we will start going through all the different groups. So he wants to go first. Documentation, you guys? Did he kick us off well yesterday?  You have his line already? Yep. Yep. I'm doing it for everyone this time. Hello everyone. So again, another day. I hope you guys had fun. I'm going to tell you a bit about what you did today for the documentation session. So from the very beginning, I repeat again, you guys are free to change groups during the hackathon. Tomorrow, if you want to join us in the documentation group, you're all welcome. The idea was to fix typos, try to improve the wording, rewrite some sessions and things like that. The team is co-lead by me, Fran, remotely, and Abinav. We had a lot of people joining today, yesterday. So we have about 15 members, both online and in-person. Some people went to different groups who came from different groups. So I think it's very nice that we have this integration mostly for networking during the hackathons. Very nice to meet everyone else. So for the second day, these are the number of requests that we merged from these people. So Louise Lounaisette, which is remote, was the one that created the most mergeable request. That's very nice. Then we had Llewelyn, who rewrote a lot of parts and a lot of other people that contributed with a lot of requests. So Fran is remotely, but it's also working on a few things. And one of the things she was doing is doing the transcripts for the biases that were recorded. And in the end, she sent us a list of very funny transcriptions from the software and we didn't put all of them. Some of them are a bit heavy on the joke, but there are a few here, like Philly Wales and Hershield Battle. Statistic. And if core, nfl, nf4, then of course, nfok, nfcald, unscore. Oh my God. Thank you, everyone. Who wants to go next? Pipelines. All right, thank you. Let me skip the introduction slides. Okay, yeah. So today we again worked on lots of pipelines. I will go through one, each of them on my one now. And also I think we grew actually in team members, which is great. Yeah, okay, day two. So first of all, we have a bunch of new pipelines proposed during the hackathon or that were proposed before, but now started to work on the differential abundance, light sheet, recon, semi-seq, tau typing and viral integration. So first the differential abundance pipeline is a pipeline for differential expression analysis, mostly for RNA seek data. And Oscar today, I think started working on a workflow diagram on paper and is digitising it now in HackMD. So I think a good first step for the subway map. Then we have the light sheet recon that Conrad worked on and he started working on the template and his first sub-workflows to be added. And it's a pipeline for light sheet microscopy imaging reconstruction. Then we have semi-seq, that was proposed a while ago. A Margarita is working on it. It's a pipeline for sequential analysis of macromolecule accessibility sequencing data. And she also started with a template today. And then tau typing with Chanta, Aaron, Josh and Sam worked on for identifying genes and genomic sequence with genome-wide phylogenetic signal of an organism using candle tau rank correlation statistics. And I think I also mentioned that they worked on templates. Sorry. Oh, God. Okay. Moving on. And we have some people on our list that are working on the viral integration pipeline to find viral integration sites within the human genome. Okay, then we have a pipeline for DSL2 conversion, which is EGAR, the James and Jack are working on. Currently EGAR is the best practice pipeline for genomics and metagenomics of ancient DNA data. And then we have a lot of pipelines where various developmental things are happening. So, Zarek, the German Somatic Varying Calling Pipeline. We've been working on various bug fixes, and Maxim and me have a little race about who gets to merge first and doesn't have to deal with merge conflicts. Then we have the liver CT analysis pipeline for quantitative image analysis of abdominal CT scans and hepatocelliocasinoma patients that Aaron and Louisa are working on on the DECOM input and also cleaning up the code base and transferring work between their branch and then, of course, branch. Now, Frank's scan, which is the pipeline for screening antimicrobial resistant genes, antimicrobial peptides and biosynthetic gene clusters. James, Meen and Louisa are working on different modules for BGC, summary tables, and AMP, COMB. I'm in the SM RNA-seq pipeline. Rob and Alex have been working on merging the FASP adapter detection, sample sheet handling, and then smaller issues in preparation for release. We have TAX profiler for taxonomic profiling across multiple databases of shotgun metagenomics. James and Sophia and Vladimir have been working on it and fixing biocona recipes and documentation and then adding, I think, other tools to TAX pasta and then also removing patches from their NFCOR modules in the pipeline and preparing more modules so a SMASH gather. Now, we have multiple people doing a lot of work on the single cell RNA-seq pipeline, so Allison has been working on the cell count and sequencing center parameters. Oliver Maersbyr working on Pytest workflows. Paul and Christian have been working on adding annotations, then various issue cleanups by Vivian, Oliver and Alex, and I'm hoping I pronounce everyone's names correctly here. And then we have the HTC pipeline for investigating horizontal gene transfer from NGS data, and Simon has been merging multiple pull requests today for TAX ID parameters and documentation. The ProteanFold pipeline for protein structure prediction and Athanasios is updating and I guess reconstructing the modules from the latest module restructuring thing from last week. And it's awesome in preparing PRs for AlphaFold2 or ColabFold databases and parameters. And then last but not least, we have the airflow pipeline that Zaba Gisela and Susanna are working on for pipeline for BNT cell sequencing analysis and they've been working on various modules and mould containers today. I think that's it, yeah. Just a quick note, your slide there about waiting for CI tests reminded me I think a lot of people have been coming up against that today that you put in a pull request and all the GitHub continuous integration tests so just sat there like orange is just waiting to be run. So we don't have a base level organisation, but so I think we have about 50 or 60 concurrent runs that we can have running at any one time before they just get sat in a queue, which normally is fine. And then we have a hackathon and it's a bit difficult. For future events, I'm still working on trying to get a temporary bump during events, I've almost made it this time. So hopefully for the next time we'll get a higher concurrency limit.  And especially if they're long running tests, that will really help everyone else because if that test runs for half an hour, if you cancel it five minutes in because you had a linting area and you're marked down file or something. So that would be really helpful. Just try and bear that in mind. And also if you push multiple commits and you have tests running on all of them, you can go into the older ones and cancel those. So just try and cancel any CI tests that you can just to help everyone else out. But obviously everything will run through the night now as well. So hopefully by tomorrow we'll start with a clean slate. Right, modules or sub-work flows, modules. Okay, thank you. So hi, I'm Jose. I'm colliding the modules team. So just this is from tomorrow. I found yesterday, sorry. So here the team members, so we are more and more. The team is lead by Yselam Lwiza Ammi. As Phil just mentioned, we are having programs with GitHub. So here we have a suggestion. And yes, we have been working, adapting the modules. So Christian has his work in simplifying. This is from yesterday, right? Okay. So I thought it was, oops. Probably because I didn't prepare the slide correctly. Okay, yes. Thank you. Okay, now you can see all the members of the team. We are a lot of them. Thank you. So yes, and we have been also working in adding a lot of new modules. We have listed all of them here. I had a small description of each of the modules in case you are interested for your pipeline or you are familiar with the noises it's performing. So maybe you want to step in and help developing the module or even review it and so on or use it in your pipeline. So Llewetha Annan, just mean have you working in this MP combi module, which is for antimicrobial peptid sparsing and functional classification tool. Lookout has been working in this FALCO module, which is a kind of as you see, but more computational efficient. So it's useful for nano-progrids. Solene, it's working in this SMOOF module, which is also an efficient tool to call a genotype astutoal variants. Gertrude and Marty are working on this PTIX map tool, which converts some or pre-formatted lead birds into genome-contact maps. Here they list what they have advanced today. Also, Robert has been working in the biohancel tool or module. And as you can see here, these two genotypes chrono-microbial whole genome sequence data. I've been working adding the area 2 module for protein fall. It's already merged. And area 2 is a lightweight multi-protocol, multi-source common line to download data. It supports several protocols. And it's very handy in the case of protein fall because we have to download very big chunks of data. Alan has been working in area 2. So the tool can work in just a single bump, two or three. He has implemented until three. It can also take more, but he told me that in real scenarios, you normally found this case. And area 2 is an assembly based realigners used to improve alignments and detect indels. Tony Hermoso has finished working on Kofam scan module. He has tested it with local data. And he has a pull request to integrate a test data set for this module. And the module will allow to perform keq orthology search. Saban Gisela have been working in adding this Presto filter seek module, as we just saw, the GitHub actions are taking time to run. So this is a common problem in most of these models. And in this case, it's two filter sequences in FASTA or FASQ files. Royer has been working in this proteomic module, which is called OpenMS ID filter. And in this case, these two will choose to filter peptide and protein identifications. And now, also, there are some people working, I think there is a CRISPR pipeline in development. And they have been also working on this CRISPR-2 module for this pipeline. And this model analyzed comes from genome editing experiments, so typically CRISPR. Then they have implemented this seek module. And it's waiting for discussion. So in case of this seek, it's in our package to perform differential analysis. So if you are interested or you are planning to use it, maybe you can jump in the discussion and give feedback. Then as a step two of this repeat-scoot module, and it's planning for doing the testing tomorrow. And in this case, this tool identifies repetitive substrings in the DNA. This is also related to CRISPR. This is one that Lauren has been working on. So it's for processing CRISPR data. With that here, I missed to put the request. And Maulik is still working on the model full-cloom genomics, which I'm not sure what's performing. So maybe you can take a look if you know about the tool. Yes, and from the module updates, we have not done too much. Only Louisa have update this in the fan scan pipeline. So that's all. OK. Last but not least, our workflows. Oh, yeah. An infrastructure. I was just going to say, I heard you guys burst out in spontaneous clapping earlier today. So I'm expecting great things. OK. So everybody stole my thunder. But that was us today as well. We were waiting on the CI runners. It was the majority of that. So Francesco has been working on the FG BioCreat UMI consensus and porting all of those sub-workflows into NFCOR modules and updating those modules. So he identified some new test data, implemented the UMI structure described in the paper as well, which is linked there. I guess everybody wants to go read it. The test data was also added in there. He did the FG BioZipper BAMs, the new module as well for call-de-plex consensus reads, and then also did the filter consensus reads PR. I believe they're under review and then submitted because we're waiting for the CI. And then Matthias did a FASCULA line as well. And we merged that this morning, had a big discussion on certain standards for sub-workflows and whether that's acceptable or not. Basically, whether we should have atomic sub-workflows, where we would just have just star align, for example, or if we'd also have one that does FASCULA line that aligns all of the various DNA aligners that you could use. So we decided to have both. If anyone has any other opinions on that, please feel free to open an issue on that. And then Camille was also working on the RNA sub-workflows. And we actually got one in this morning before the CI went down, which was the bed graph, bed clip, and the bed graph to big wig. That's just coming out of RNA-seq. And then we're also waiting on the CI for the BAMsort samples. Actually, I think this one was the one that was broken because of the bow tie. So we actually found other tests were broken. And we have to update those before we can update this one specifically because they depend on each other. And then this is the BAM D2 stats, SAM tools, and that's also coming out of RNA-seq. And again, we're waiting for the CI. And this is the FASCULA and FASCULA also by Camille. And that's also coming out of RNA-seq. And the BAM mark duplicates pickered. That's coming from David as well. And that's also out of RNA-seq. And then the pickered mark duplicates module. We also had to update that to handle cram input and make sure that we're testing for that because that wasn't there. And David's also taking care of that. And then Quinton is doing the bow tie to align subworkflow. And that's what's blocking some other things. So we're trying to get that in as well. And then lastly, I've been migrating the CI test on RNA-seq to PyTest workflow to convince Harshal to move over to that. So basically, we're only testing on the changes. We run all the tests on release for every single PyTest workflow. We're also only running on PRs. The MB5 sum is already calculated for the default workflow. So if anybody wants to calculate those for the rest of the workflows, that'd be great. And testing of local subworkflows is also implemented. Last thing that we're waiting on is the latest CI run. OK, last but not least. Yes, thank you very much. The infrastructure team, we got a few new people today. But Sofia worked on adding some landing pages for the usage and contributing docs so we can easily link to the grouping there. Nezran worked on improving the code coverage specifically for the sync one. So yay, more code tests. And Arthur made some small changes for the test YAML template where we had some problems with the contains command there or input there. Björn almost finished the NFCore subworkflow list command. We just need some more tests because of test coverage. Nicolae actually worked quite a lot with the NF test. And we also had a call in the afternoon where we discussed more how it will fit in with NFCore. And he has now a running subworkflow prototype. So testing a subworkflow with NF tests. He already had yesterday the module. So we're slowly expanding there. And he already opened to the NF test repo some issues with our inputs so we can align it closer to our current testing suite we have there. But it looks very nice what he has done there for now. Bruno keeps working on NF prof plugin. As a reminder, this is the one to trace the output of files from Nextflow. So he has now a contribution at Nextprocore, congrats. He polished PR to generate just a list of the published files and now is working on the JSON output and also aggregating task information and the run config. Okay, this is broke, but it's fine. Julia, Arthur and me worked on reducing the code redundancy for the tools because NFCore modules and subworkflows actually share a lot of commands and also logic. So we now created an abstraction layer for that. Julia was working on bugfixes and the install command, the modules install command, and also for installing subworkflows. And I fixed the broken linting in the dev branch twice. So please lint your markdown files before pushing them to dev. That was it. Thank you very much. Great. Did I forget any groups? Right, thank you very much, everyone. Feel free to carry on working here for a little bit if you want to. Some of us are going to go straight to the venue from here at 7.30. So I imagine there will be a few of us kicking around here until then. Otherwise, feel free to head off and drop bags at the hotels or whatever. Thank you very much for today and we'll see you tomorrow morning.


This is covering the spread part of the Fandall podcast network Big week in soccer coming up overseas because we have both the EPL match week 35 and The UCL semifinals coming up and next week we're gonna break down both of those lost and cast getting his brain I'm the EPL and UCL and we'll talk some formula one in NASCAR later on This is covering the spread right here on the Fandall podcast network and number fire dot com My name is Jim Sanis. I am a senior writer and analyst for number fire joint here is mentioned by Austin Cass You can find him on Twitter at Austin Cass You can check out his work over at number fire We're here as a senior editor Austin you're on a heater right now and your soccer recommendations here on the show So how you doing today? Doing well. Yeah, just gotta enjoy the good betting breaks when you get them. So yeah, everything's good How are you doing? I'm doing great in part because you've given us such good recommendations I appreciate if I can if I can make money without having to work too hard like running my own stuff I always trust like my stuff more in general, but if I can like have some easy wins via Austin Cass I'm gonna take that every time So I appreciate how things have gone there and I feel like you're kind of on your your earling Holland streak here From a betting perspective heading into the semifinals Yeah, I don't think I'm quite his level, but yeah, things have been going well. So hopefully we can keep it going I hope we can as well We're gonna talk about the EPL first then we'll run through the UCL stuff with the both the semifinal matches We want to both them individually and talk some futures to get you ready for that But first a reminder to make sure you're subscribed to the covering the spread podcast feed wherever you get your podcast If you want some thoughts on the Kentucky Derby We talked to Christina Blacker of Fandwall TV getting her read on this year's field and the post draw and much more Find that on the covering the spread podcast feed or over on the Fandwall YouTube page Let's start things off here with the EPL Austin it is again in match week 35 in the English Premier League We have a lot of games ten different matches from Saturday through Monday So starting off with those in the EPL where you seem value for this week My favorite Premier League bet this weekend is man city to score over two and a half goals against Leeds That's priced at minus 164 City's minus 700 on the money line says it's obviously a pretty off-sided matchup City are absolutely flying right now Leeds are really really struggling Leeds have been leaking goals They've conceded to multiple goals and nine of their previous 11 fixtures across all competitions They've allowed five goals to Crystal Palace and four to Bournemouth During that span, so it's not just the top sides that are giving them trouble City are probably the last team in the world you want to be facing when you're out of whack on defense City have scored three plus goals and nine of their last 11 outings and they've tallied 40 goals over that those 11 Masters, which is just crazy The only thing working in Leeds favor is that city have Champions League coming up next midweek, which we're gonna be talking about here in a few minutes But even if city rotate the squad some Don't keep the pedal to the metal all-match or just aren't focused on the game I still think Leeds are gonna have a a huge task in front of them to keep this score line respectable So I'm on city at minus 164 to score at least three goals Yeah, that is for man city versus Leeds again over two and a half goals for man city is minus 164 And your read on this is that the depth on man city is enough where even if they do decide to rest some guys for The UCL matches next week. They should still be good to at least get to this number, correct? Yep, absolutely, and they actually just didn't start Kevin de Bruyne the last night against West Ham So I would assume that he'll play this weekend unless there's some injury. We don't know about So even if somebody like Holland sits, they have enough attacking depth to cause leads plenty of problems for the entirety of the 90 minutes Okay, so that's the man city versus Leeds match anything else you like across the EPL for this week Um Not really be honest. Not really. There's there's a lot of games and it should be some fun matches But there's nothing that really jumped out to me. Okay, let's talk about the headliners then and talk about the UEFA Champions League semi-finals. We've got two matches coming up one on Tuesday one on Wednesday Let's start things off with the individual matches Then we'll talk about the futures market after that the first match is Tuesday Real Madrid against man city man city right now plus one ten of the money line real Madrid is at plus 230 when you look at this match at Boston It seems like everything's gonna come up man city thus far. Does that continue? Can they win this match? What's your read on the betting markets here? Yeah, so I'm gonna I'm gonna take man city at plus one ten and keep the theme going of praising city But we I wish I had the records to see this but we can almost never get man city at plus money But as we just said they're peaking at the right time It's their best form in the season in the knockout rounds in the Champions League so far They topped RB likes it Leipzig eight to one on aggregate and then Bayern Munich four to one in the quarter finals Something that makes me feel a little bit better about city than maybe I haven't put previous seasons when they've continually come up short in the Champions League is that They've shown an ability to manage games when needed and that should really come in handy for this match at the Bernabéu And just overall city are the better side by every reps expect a goals model City own an XG differential per 90 minutes of plus 1.37. That's the top market cross Europe's big five leagues Real Madrid's XG differential is put plus 1.11 still a good number, but not quite cities level It's never easy to compare stats from teams in different domestic leagues But those members likely flatter city because the Premier League's a notch above La Liga, which is Real Madrid's domestic league It's always scary to bet against Real Madrid in this competition city were better than Real Madrid last year But Real Madrid upset him and then won the Champions League. So And anything can happen at the Bernabéu is one of the toughest places to play in Europe But for me everything points to city and I think they win next week's first leg Now you mentioned the issues that they've had in the UEFA Champions League Do you think that that is giving us a bit of a discount on the price here at Man City of plus 1.10 Is that history playing into this number at all? I Don't think so. They've actually been in the futures market. That's like the favorite to win it all along Even when they got a tough draw and had to play Bayern Munich in the quarterfinals. They were still a pretty decent favorite So I think the market is viewing them as clearly the best team in Europe That's been the case at least last year and maybe the year before that too and they've just Kind of found a way to lose maybe had some bad luck But yeah, just in the past city have been very attack-minded and kind of Played one way all the time and that's come back to bite them a little bit and this year They've shown the ability to be More defensive more boring basically when they need to be and that's something that is going to come in handy this first leg I think okay, so we we are on Man City plus 1.10 to win in 90 minutes plus stoppage time Against Real Madrid for Tuesday's match on Wednesday We get Milan against Inter and we've seen some movement towards Inter in the betting markets recently because it was a plus 175 on both teams last night It is now plus 160 for Inter to win plus 185 from a long and look at this match of Austin Where do you see value if any? Yeah in fan at Vandalsports book right now? Yeah, as the odds indicate this is a really tough one to call on paper. It's definitely the weaker semi-final of the two But with these two clubs sharing a city in a stadium It should be just like a really fun atmosphere of both games As you said the lines have been moving in his way and that's the side I want to be on specifically Inter at minus 120 and the tie no bet market These two teams are just two points apart in the Serie A table but By expected goals enter on the better side by a pretty wide margin They have an expected goal differential of plus 32.3, which is actually tops in Serie A despite them being fourth AC Milan's actually differentials only plus 14.7 On top of that Milan are somewhat lucky to be here by expected goals They narrowly lost each leg against Napoli in the last round and that was with Napoli Having to play without star striker Victor Oceman in the first leg So I'm gonna take Inter at minus 120 in the time on that market because I think they're decent bit better than Milan I think you can also make an argument to take draw it plus 210 if you wanted but that's not the route I'm gonna go. Yeah, the draw market is also lengthen. I believe it was two-to-one yesterday For there to be a draw. It is now plus 210 Inter down to minus 120 in the tie no bet market Milan is at plus 102 there as well So Austin siding with Inter in the second game siding with man City against Ray on Madrid at plus 110 And liking man City over two and a half goals versus leads this weekend and Austin if the past Month or so as any indication those are looking pretty solid That is Austin Cass make sure you check him out on Twitter at Austin Cass Find his work over at numberfire.com awesome Let's keep this heater rolling, but overall just enjoy the soccer this week I have some fun walks in that which should be some really good matches. We'll talk to you again here in the very near future Sounds good. Thank you very much. See you. Alrighty. Appreciate you That is Austin Cass again find him on Twitter at Austin Cass and check out his EPL work over at numberfire.com We're gonna dig into Formula one at Miami and NASCAR in Kansas here in just one second at first The biggest horse race of the year is here And there's no better time to get in on the action on Fandal racing because right now all Customers can get a no sweat derby bet up to $20 That means you go to $20 back if your win bet doesn't win the Fandal racing app It's super easy to use safe and secure and when you win you can pay it fast So don't miss out the derby is coming up this Saturday. Just visit racing dot Fandal calm For your chance to get a no sweat derby bet up to $20 on Fandal racing That's racing and dot Fandal calm age and residency Restrictions apply offer valid on first derby win wager refund issued in non withdrawal racing site credit that expires on June 12 2023 Restrictions apply see terms at racing dot Fandal calm gambling problem call 1 800 gambler Now let's just focus here and talk about some other racing for this weekend. We got formula one in Miami We've got NASCAR in Kansas and got some stuff to focus on in both of these and starting off with formula one. It's their Second time at the Miami Grand Prix. It's a short turnaround after Azeri by John and Baku this past week and If you've been listening to the F1 segments on this show recently, you're probably not gonna be surprised But my favorite bet for this week once again is on the land stroll now stroll Didn't come through for us last week because what the recommendation was was a ladder bet where you put some on his top 10 odds Put some on top six and then put some on the podium like a little sprinkle there and stroll finish seventh So the top 10 bet cash, but overall not what you're looking for in that kind of bet So it didn't work out with just the top 10 hitting there But now we're getting pretty favorable odds here on stroll to finish inside the top six his top six odds are down to minus 105 and I'd honestly be okay sticking to just that versus going the ladder approach this week I've been pretty well above it, but He is also a value in the top 10 markets and in the podium market as well But if we're talking just about the top six odds, it is concerning to see the Ferrari was so fast this past weekend I am not sure how much that will translate here Because maybe they brought upgrades to Baku that really led to all that pace they had but stroll even with Ferrari being better Did still finish seventh and I was surprised on and Aston Martin was having some major issues with their DRS flaps So in qualifying they weren't able to go full out because they the DRS is malfunctioning still finished seventh there at minus 105 I do like stroll to finish inside the top six Personally, I will be adding on the podium as well. He's plus 850. It's gonna be a very, you know I want to again ladder this where I probably finished inside the top six Take some of that profit put on the podium as well plus 850 He's a pretty good value there by my number So I'll take stroll minus 105 top six and then add a little bit on the podium a plus 850 But not sure if I can recommend that one necessarily because of how things have gone with him so far The other bet I like is from Nico Hulkenberg to finish inside the top 10 That is plus 250 right now over at Fandals sportsbook And I understand why this number is long because we've had four races so far Hulkenberg just one top 10 finish Which means his top 10 rate is 25 percent his implied odds here 28.6 percent But part of this analysis for me is rain. It looks like there's a chance of rain on Sunday Which does introduce more uncertainty. It could be it could lead to more crashes more stuff like that But taking a guy who is plus money for a top 10 I think benefits if there is some moisture in the forecast for Sunday It's not a huge part of it, but it does increase the variance a bit Second is that Hulkenberg has been really fast in qualifying this year broadly He's made it to Q3. So finished inside there qualified inside the top 10 three out of four races Didn't do that last week was just pretty tough But he's overall qualifying really well and as always qualifying matters a lot in formula one He is experienced there may be uncertainty with the rain I think that's enough to make Hulkenberg a plus 250 for a top 10 a pretty good value If you prefer Kevin Magnuson at Haas, he's also plus 250 I'm a bit below the implied odds on Magnuson because my numbers are a bit higher at Hulkenberg, but I think both those guys are interesting So a kind of a home race for Haas I don't know if they're like in theory an American team, but they're more broadly based in Britain But you know we can call it a home race for them So Hulkenberg top 10 plus 250 and then Lance Stroll top 6 and minus 105 the official recommendations I don't mind if you want to add Stroll podium plus a 50 if you want to have some fun But can't make that an official recommendation for the show talking about NASCAR I have not gotten time to run my truck series numbers yet So no truck series recommendations as of now I'll circle back on Twitter probably tomorrow Maybe later not probably tomorrow to put out some truck series betting odds based on my model and the odds that fan dual shifted Between when I was taking my notes earlier on today and now Kyle Larson was five to one. He's now four to one to win So the recommended bet that I had is now gone I'm assuming though that Larson is still five to one elsewhere. Let me just check that really quick to make sure I Can actually justify Still recommend this because he's if he's five to one at fendall. Yeah, okay You can still get five to one on Larson elsewhere four to one at fendall Which is a bummer But if you can still get the five to one elsewhere I would take that and it's the exact same place we were last week I Realized that the odds at five to one even are super short, but it's there for a reason obviously he's gotten snitch to fendall I think that's justified Larson crazy fast in Vegas the first race this year He led 63 laps there and the reason the Vegas mod matters is because it's the lone race Non-drafting version at a mile-and-a-half track so far this year in that race Larson led 63 laps He was also good in the mile-and-a-half tracks last year Even if he wasn't as dominant as he was back in 2021 He won homestead last year finished runner-up in Vegas and Kansas He led 18% of the laps that he ran and that's around where my model has him this week So at four to one not a value at fendall I can't recommend that but at five to one sixteen point seven percent applied odds I think that's still a good number So assuming you can still get Larson to finish Larson to win at five to one or longer. I would take that Again with how fast Hendrick was both in Fontana and in Vegas. I think this is good value So Larson to me if you can get five to one still a good bet there Fandall does not have top ten odds up yet. So every recommendation here is elsewhere Don't tell my bosses, but anyway, there are some numbers like elsewhere Those are Ross Chastain minus 143 at Bet Rivers and AJ Almaninger at five to one that is available at William Hill I believe it bet MGM has that as well Chastain really good on the mile-and-a-half tracks in the next-gen era they've run eight races on a mile-and-a-half track in the next-gen cars and Chastain has five top tens which they sixty two point five percent rates It's implied odds are 58% you could argue that Chastain is unlucky to have just five top tens in that time because he has had a top ten average running position in Every single race thus far all five of those top tens where he did finish there were seventh or better So not just squeaking by he's had five finishes a seventh or better three podiums I do have some value on Chastain to win a 12 to one Let's see if he's lengthened because if he lengthened to make space for For Larsen shortening he did not he's still 12 to 1 I could consider Chastain 12 to 1 as being a recommendation given that There is a bit of value there But I think the top 10 odds at minus 143 or better Chastain super fast in Vegas did not finish top 10 But had a fifth place average running position there So I think it'd be fast this week too. So Ross Chastain minus 143 that is available at Bet Rivers He's also minus 150 William Hill shops don't mind that either AJ almond Dinger has mentioned the other one is five to one The college cars last year down the stretch really fast in the playoffs on the mile-and-a-half tracks So they're both Dinger and with Justin Haley Dinger top ten in both homestead in Vegas. He had a podium actually in homestead Justin Haley finished third in Texas and he was also eighth in Vegas this year the one mile-and-a-half track Though that one is pretty fluky his average running position was 19th. So That was not based on speed just benefited from some late-race I think he took four tires and everyone else took two something like that be benefited from some chaos towards the end Dinger though specifically his implied odds for a top 10 are 16.7 percent. I've got him at 22.4 percent That's enough value for me to dive in so I like Kyle Larson It's me can get five to one somewhere and I think you can based on what I'm seeing right now I like Chastain top 10 at minus 143 at Bet Rivers and I like Dinger top 10 at five to one Which you can get at that MGM and William Hill So kind of a bummer when things move mid-recording, but you can't still get it elsewhere So shop around and Kyle Larson if you can get five to one still that is going to be my favorite bet for this week That's all we've got here on the uncovering the spread for today Want to give a big thank you to Austin cast for singing by Breaking down his thoughts on the EPL and the UCL find him on Twitter at Austin cast and check out his work over at number fire If you got any questions for me, I'm on Twitter at Jim Sonnis J-i-m-s-a-n-n-es as mentioned I should have some truck series stuff up there as well not sure if we'll find value But we'll always post my sims over on the truck series side of things later on this week Do not forget to subscribe to covering the spread wherever you get your podcast check out the Kentucky Derby show with Christina Blacker over on the fandom YouTube page and on covering the spread if you like what you hear Hit the thumbs up on YouTube or give us a five star rating over on Apple podcasts I want to thank you all for tuning in. We are back once again tomorrow talking some MLB and VA NHL whatever may be on our minds for tomorrow This has been covering the spread right here on the fan dual podcast network


Right there, right there, beyond the notions of right doing and wrong doing, there is a field. I meet you there. Right there, beyond the notions of right doing and wrong doing, there is a field. I meet you there. We are facing humanity as a human society, like a major challenge. And I'm not sure about your culture, where you come from, but where you come from. When you think about shifting, transforming a major challenge, we are just talking about like hard work, surgery, marching, striking, or even fighting. But what if building the world of our dreams could be fast, free, fun, and fantastic? What if building the world of our dreams could be fast, free, like a big adventure? Like in my country, so I come from Brazil. So probably many of you know about the carnival, a lot of energy in the carnival. But what you don't know is that we have a very nice cultural game, community game, it's called Jincana. Jincana is a game that the whole town, the whole city come together to play silly, impossible missions. For example, when I was 12 years old, I played my first Jincana. The whole town is there, like grandmas, fathers, mothers, kids, everybody plays together. And the guys came to the stage to organize and say, okay, guys have three hours to bring a real pink elephant. Those kind of silly possible missions. So there's no elephant in Brazil. I don't know if you know about that, but there's no elephant in Brazil, right? But there's no pink elephant anywhere. But people don't care. So they organize, you have to figure out like, how can I provide the impossible mission? So the guys got that pink elephant.  I cannot tell the whole story. But believe me, after three hours, there were two elephants, one gray. So they found the circles. Someone said circles, they found, you know, and another gray elephant. But the team, they paint the elephant pink, you know, because we will say, we don't care. Like, you know, it's a real elephant is pink. Nobody told you could not paint. But those kinds of silly things that the whole country played together. So when I realized how hard is our mission to try to restore our biosphere, to have to build a better planet for our kids, I said, OK, I'm not going to fight it. People are not going to join me. What if I could create a global jinkana to mobilize two billion people to play?  Like, we are serious people. So is that OK if I bring a little bit of my culture here? OK, OK, OK. So for a few minutes, just forget about where you come from. Now you're in Brazil, OK?  OK, let's give it a little bit of a try. OK, how many of you, if you believe you deserve to live in a better planet, please stand up or make yourself a visible. If you cannot stand up, just, you know, OK. If you live in a nice planet already, just stay, stay, sit down, OK? You're there, OK, enough. Nice, stay there. But it's not just enough for you to say, OK, I want to live in a better planet. We need people that have committed with a beautiful planet. If you believe that you have any quality or any resource that you would naturally give to support the planet, just raise, stay in your right hand. Nice, good. So, Piatesha, how many people around you?  You're not alone in this task, like, raise your hand, raise your hand, stay there. OK, but these people, you have so much resource or connections that just these people could shift San Francisco. We'll talk about the planet, right? So, with your right hand, stay there. With your right hand, find someone, another person close to you that's wearing any dark clothes and touch them. Touch them, like, and stay there, stay there. Touch the right hand, find someone else, like, and touch this person. So, I forgot to tell you that the name of this game is Touch Glue. Whenever you touch, seek that, look for someone. Touch the person, yeah, everybody, yeah, stay there. Right, touch and glue, stay there, don't tick. If you're not lying, if you're not lying, there's a double of people here that wants to change the world. But we need more people, because this can play, maybe, shift to California, but we need more. So, with your left hand, stay there with your right hand, left hand. Think about a person that is not here, that is very smart. I know that you're cool, but I need, like, smart people to really save the planet, right? It's not enough, whatever.  Just if you make sure, with your left hand, find another person close to you that is still not touching, that have a clear, a light, the style, light clothes, and touch them. Fine, not going to be easy. You're not going to be easy, a light person, find them.  Are you okay? I got it. You're doing good, good. Okay, nice. If you're not lying, there's a triple of entrepreneurs here. We can move the United States with the power resources that we have, right? But we still talk about the planet. You have great actions, your hands are committed, but we need some base, sustainability, right? With your right feet, right? Think about another friend of you that's very well connected, a popular friend that you know that if you bring this friend of you, they're going to bring at least 20 people, very well connected, right? We all have it, right? Think about this friend. I'm going to find some people around you that is still not touching, that has straight hair.  Touch and glue, don't touch and glue. Right, nice, nice. If you're not lying again, you have so many smart people, then it can start to influence other continents, right? But I'm still missing some resource. With your left feet, I'm the boss. With your left feet, you're going to think about another friend that you have that is very influential, like a tick-tock influencer or a very powerful singer, someone that's very famous that can bring at least one million people. We know, yeah, you're powerful, you know that people. Don't people that can connect with them, say like, come to join the movement. Let's bring many million people to this movement, right? So with your left foot, you're going to find any and a fourth person that is still not touching. Find, find your way. With your left foot, go. You'll find your way. I said it fast, free, fine, fantastic, not easy. Go ahead. You got it? Okay, statue, stop. We still have some resource for you.  Now is the time. So now look for the closest shoulder, close to you, and go there with the closing and put your, put your, go. It's a Brazilian game, go. Find your shoulder, yeah. Look at that, go, go, go, go, go, yeah, yeah. I got to count two, three. When I say three, we all got to give three little jumps in a back mortar. Okay, come back. Come back, you can't sit now. Look, look, look, I don't have time. How much time? Look, maybe he's not easy to do it here. Usually I do it in the audience. I ask the, be careful what kind of sensations are alive in you right now? What kind of sensation is alive in you right now? We don't have microphones here, but usually it's always the same. Oh, and enjoy. Good, good, yeah, you can't scream. Joy. Community, energy. What? Fordability. That's amazing. Fun. So you got it, right? Excitement, fun. People everywhere, all around the world, it is the same, not just Brazilian. Like, rarely some people say like, pain, right? Stretch, but most of people say like, joy, excitement, community, connection, whatever. Can I say that what we just did is a game? Yeah, it's a game. If it's a game, who won the game? We, everybody, no. So is it possible a game where everybody wins? So you're saying that. Indigenous people in my land, they used to say, as if as in the game, as if as in life, as if as in life, as if as in the game. Which means when things are tough or hard in real life, they come together to play. Because in the fields of play, you can see what's going on and what you want to fix. We're doing it together. So for them, whatever happens into the game, you can apply in the real life. It's real there. And whatever happened there, you're going to appear in the game. So did I made the game easier and easier and easier for you? No. I did harder and harder and harder, right? So why I did harder, harder and harder, and you were laughing more, more and more? Do you like to suffer? Something happened in the fields of play. In the fields of play, people say that we have an ordinary version. Everyone, all of us, we have an ordinary version. Not a bad version. It's a day-by-day life version. And we have an extraordinary version. All of us, right? If we really need to make major change, we better be in our extraordinary version. But not just that, collectively in our extraordinary version. In indigenous people in my land, they used to say the only way to do that is not by inviting people for suffering, not by people for sacrificing, marching, striking, or fight. Most of us may be ready to fight. We're not going to invite our kids to do that, our grandma to do that. We can't invite them to play. Many people will come. How can we design strategies, invitations that can create a huge global commotion? I'm sure, I'm pretty much sure that the government is not going to do the change that we need. Companies and enterprises are not going to do the change that we need. We're not trying, we're not going to do that. Even us, the best social capital people, investors, we're not getting there. We are missing, we are losing the war for that. But we can invite the whole society, the whole humanity that are eager to participate. They can join us, they can do that. How can we come together and create a global commotion to make the change that we are all looking for? A global commotion. And they say that if you invite people to play to a party, to an epic journey, epic mission, you can do that. So I decide to mobilize two billion people and invite especially kids and teenagers to lead this game of mobilizing the whole society, a big touch and glue in the whole society, to make the change that we are looking for. I have an amazing friend from Boston, Deborah Fries. Maybe some of you may know, because she's a social capital investor, Deborah Fries. And she used to say, I got it. We better play otherwise we're going to have to fight or to work hard. That's invitation, so please very, very briefly look to your left side, or right side in this way, left side behind you and in front of you. Did you see everybody? So I'm still in Brazilian mode, right? But I'm not allowed to leave the stage without each of you giving four hugs. Go, right now. Four hugs, welcome to the social capital. Impact of trust, hug one side. Say welcome, the other side. It's so good to be here. Nice. I'm so happy that you came. Yeah, good, good, good. Yeah, I said four. I said four. No more Brazil. Bye, see you soon.


Well, he actually did it. Elon Musk bought Twitter and all the right people are already losing their minds. As a longtime critic of censorship on social media and vocal advocate of free speech, I'd like to offer a few suggestions. First, if you want people to trust Twitter, we need radical transparency. We should all know what content is getting promoted and what is getting banned by Twitter's algorithms. Second, use AI to categorize content all you want. Flag posts as X-rated, R-rated, hate speech, whatever. But let users decide what they actually see in their feeds. If some people want to filter out everything that could possibly offend them, that's fine. But a handful of programmers in Silicon Valley should not be dictating what we're all allowed to talk about on the platform. Lastly, when all this automation fails, and it will, there must be a legitimate and fair system for challenging flawed ratings and restrictions. Just like free speech, due process is an extremely important value and not just for the government.


After months of build-up and anticipation, the winner of Mountain Top Media's first-ever Tower of Toys was selected earlier this week, and just in time for Christmas. More than $1,500 in toys and electronics was up for grabs in Mountain Top Media's Tower of Toys, and Norma Young of Pikeville was the big winner. Oh wow, look at that girls! Look at the toys! They look that cool! Yeah! You like rhinos! I like them! Yeah! They're toys! You like rhinos, don't you? Look! Look! I tell you what! I'm all excited. I've been excited all day to get over here and get what I want, and thank y'all for picking me. I entered a contest on the Facebook, the DHR radio station, and I was hoping and praying that I win, and I did. Definitely a huge blessing. It means so much. We were in a spot where we wouldn't be able to get too much, so it stepped out a lot. Yes, it was so thankful. That one, even that one, and two. I like everything. I like this. Are you guys going to share all these toys? Yes. In our car. Reporting from the Mountain Top Studios, I'm Chris Anderson.


Good morning, and thank you guys for coming. I just wanted to share with you a Very Outstanding gesture that was brought to my attention this week this Peggy Hong It Miss Hong Has a keen interest in The virus and its impact on the two nine two or three area such as everybody else and she has stepped forward to donate batch a number of of masks for the Residents and the people who are most vulnerable in the two nine two three area and I Thought it would be a good idea that that she come over and Let us express our appreciation to her and the thought of Making sure that we do it. We continue to do as much as we can to protect the people in two nine two or three same as any other part of the city and We are delighted that Since we talked there's been a Brief partnership developed She'll tell you about that the the masks will be presented to the Eau Claire Cooperative Health Center at the Clyburn campus here in in Eau Claire and Those will be distributed to Patients of people who receive services at that facility that live in two nine two or three and With that I'm gonna let Peggy come in and Express her Appreciation for what everybody is doing in the two nine two or three zip code Thank You consulman Davis actually I'm very flattered to be here We're very happy to donate a little bit of what we can do the phase mask, especially the surgical mask To those who need it in two nine two or three especially and we're happy to donate most of it to the Cooperative Health And also the residents really need the mask and hopefully this will protect But the majority of people because these masks are very they're the surgical mask and the which will filtered the virus 95% of it and there and these are really hard to get on the market right now and So we hope our very little a little effort can go along the way for the community in Two nine two or three. Thank you wanted to Introduce Sandra Chris Christy. She's the clinical practitioner and the manager of the We thank you on behalf of Cooperative Health greatly appreciated That means a great deal. We see a lot of patients on a daily basis And where I am I'm at the walk-in So we're not sure who comes in and what they're coming in for but these masks will be a very very very big help to us We're very appreciative of Peggy Actually, I just read local news and I realize if I have a mask Where should I donate and how can I distribute to people? I think it's two nine two oh three and then that's how I approach the consulman Davis because I have no idea how to do it I have no connection of the local people So I approach Mr. Draves any and help me to connect with the Crobat of and also the majority of the residents. Thank you To remind you, and I think most of you know you've heard and you've read that the two nine two oh three is one of You could say it's one of the hot spots in the In the city area, but let me let me say this two nine two oh three is a Large area most folks when they think of two nine two oh three They tend to think just here in the North Columbia area, but this zip code goes all the way up to deer near the Killian area so but the concentration in the city is The primary focus here now, and we just want to make sure that we do our part and that we continue to Do whatever we can to see that folks are educated to the issues that they understand the risks involved and that they and that we want to work with them and their family members to make sure that We take the necessary steps to see that everybody is as protected as as necessary


Friday Night A-League from Spotless Stadium, and Western Sydney Wanderers sporting such a fantastic record here at this venue will be hoping that it is a triumphant return. Wanderers take over, and it's a great ball through the right side, and the perfect start for Western Sydney! It hasn't taken long, it's the first BAR check of the night. Scratch that goal, it's nil nil. Riera, and now a body check, it's a penalty! It's Riera's penalty, and Wanderers getting their lead after all. Rodriguez, now for Tratos! Jets get their equaliser, now some pinball, shots for handball, it's a penalty. It's Riera, two for two, and Wanderers back in the lead. But now for the instant reply, and the Jets are level in seconds! And it's fallen in, it counts! And it looks as though the goal is going to be chalked off. No winner, at the end of a very entertaining A-League match, Western Sydney Wanderers 2, Newcastle Jets 2.


Can you hear me? Fair enough. Right. So yeah, I'm Matthias. I'm a PhD student at ETH in Zurich. And yeah, I want to present to you today work that I did, which is maybe something a bit unusual. So this is a perspective. This is basically a synthesis of literature. And it is concerned with the collective metabolism that we see in microbial communities and how this might be driven by proteome efficiency of individuals. And before I get into the talk, I wanted to take a quick moment to thank the organizers for letting me speak here. And I also wanted to acknowledge briefly that this work is the product of being in a really friendly and welcoming and open-minded research environment at Airwark and ETH, and particularly wonderful group of researchers and the microbial systems ecology group, who many of us are here. In fact, not all of these people are in the audience. So maybe they are not so great. I don't know why I need to talk to them about this. But usually, these are great people. So come find and talk to them. This group, as some of you might know, is used to be led by Martin Ackermann, who I think you know, or some of you. But since the beginning of this year, it's also co-led by Olga Schubert. And she is awesome, so if you get an opportunity to meet her, take it. So what I wanted to do in this talk was to first unpack these two key concepts, collective metabolism and proteome efficiency. I wanted to talk a little bit about how they are related. And then I wanted to take one particular example of a motif of collective metabolism and show in more detail how this is driven by proteome efficiency of individuals. So talking about collective metabolism, let's do this little hypothetical thought experiment where we are concerned with an ecosystem function of interest, in this case, carbon cycling. And we could think that this is done by an extremely generalist microbe. So this microbe has the capacity to use some sort of redox gradient or sunlight to fix CO2 and other inorganics into biomass. And it also has the capacity to, once this biomass decayed, recycle it back into its constituent substrates. Now in reality, because we can sequence ecosystems, we know that there's actually not a single very generalist organism. But instead, there is a whole community of more specialized organisms. These organisms often interact metabolically. And so this process of carbon cycling becomes a collective process. A collective function of the community. So what's currently really or relatively straightforward for us to do is to determine the composition of this community, so we sort of know who's around. And with a little bit more effort, we can also determine the function of the community, like the rate of carbon cycling. But I think what has become really clear throughout this meeting in the last couple of days is that what we're really interested in is to know who is doing what in these sorts of communities. So we see that the metabolic capacity seem to be distributed among different specialists. So we would like to know who are these specialists? Who is doing what? What are the roles that different community members take? And how do they interact with other community members? So it would be really cool if we could get at something like this, like a structure of collective metabolism. And I think the sort of maybe wishful thinking, grand goal of this community should be that we gather so much knowledge on microbial physiology and ecology that we just look at any sort of ecosystem and then we can predict more or less this map, right? We can basically say, ah, we expect this sort of collective metabolism to go on. And obviously, we're quite a long way away from this, but what we were wondering for this work is, I mean, how far have we come so far? You know, with all of the knowledge that we already have on microbial physiology and ecology, what sort of predictions maybe can we make? So what we did here was we went into the literature on physiology and ecology and we mainly asked three main questions. These questions are in what way are metabolic capacities distributed among these interacting specialists? And why and under which conditions are the metabolic capacities distributed? And the answer that we found that we want to put forward or maybe to suggest is that this specialization that's going on and that underlies this distribution of metabolic capacities, this increases the proteome efficiency of the specialists. And this will be the perfect moment to say what I mean with proteome efficiency. So I want to explain proteome efficiency with one hopefully very straightforward example and I will use these infamous pie charts basically to show how a cell in different conditions would allocate its proteome to various different functions. So let's take this extremely simplified model of metabolism and growth where substrates are being transformed by metabolic proteins into cellular building blocks and energy and then those are being used by ribosomes to make the metabolic proteins, to also make the ribosomes and to make some housekeeping proteins. Let's assume that a large fraction of the metabolic proteins are required to make this one amino acid. And then let's ask what happens if this amino acid becomes available in the environment? Usually cells will take it up, right? And because this only requires a transport and not a whole biosynthetic pathway, we need fewer proteome resources to take up the amino acid. So the point here is that the uptake of an amino acid is more proteome efficient than its biosynthesis and generally any process that fulfills a function but requires less protein than an alternative would be called proteome efficient. And there's one really important consequence of being proteome efficient and that is that now you've freed up resources. These resources are protein biosynthetic resources so ribosomes that can now do something else as well as the substrates that were originally going to synthesize this protein. And now with these freed up resources, a cell can do many things and this really depends on the environment that the cell finds itself in. For example, in the sort of boom and bust environments that Sergei talked about, it might be really helpful to just grow really quickly. So in that case, the freed up resources can be allocated to make more ribosomes and to grow faster. But in a more variable environment, you could reallocate these resources to make proteins, to metabolize a potential future substrate and then lag shorter when the environment switches to this sort of substrate. In more supply rate limited environments or environments that reflect more chemostats, we heard from just today but also from Sergei that here it's really about driving down the concentration of the limiting nutrient. And you can achieve a given uptake rate at a lower concentration if you invest more in transporters. And then finally, you could also not invest these resources or reallocate these resources at all. You would effectively reduce the size of your proteome and reduce the requirements in terms of substrate and energy for maintaining this proteome and this might be particularly important for a cell that's starving. So the point I'm trying to make is really, proteome efficiency is this very versatile thing that can facilitate a whole bunch of fitness relevant trades. So how does it link back to trying to predict the structure of collective metabolism? And the point that we want to make here is that metabolic capacities are distributed among specialists, cells specialize because this makes them more proteome efficient and then in certain ways of specializing, this entails, so it requires or facilitates a metabolic interaction and then it will underlie the sort of collective metabolism. So this is basically the main result of all of this work. This is the, let's say, first tiny step to going towards predicting the structure of collective metabolism from the knowledge that we currently have on microbial physiology or maybe I should say from the knowledge that I had eight months ago when this was finished and sent out to journals. So I think I've already learned some things in the last couple of days where some of the nuances here need to be updated but basically we identified or classified five general motifs of collective metabolism and all of these motifs, cells specialize to become more proteome efficient but then they require or facilitate an interaction, a metabolic interaction. And so because I can't go through all of these in one talk, unless I have like two hours or so, I wanted to focus on one of them but also I wanted to say a word or two about all of them so that hopefully some of them strike your interest. It would be super cool if we could discuss this throughout the rest of this meeting. So generally in this first type of motif, this is going on whenever a part of metabolism happens extracellularly. For example, the degradation of chitin that usually cells or microbes can specialize in a sense that they do not produce this enzyme to break down, for example, a polymer but they can still take up the product. So some people would call this cheating. And then the reason for why they are more proteome efficient is quite obvious because they're simply not producing this enzyme to break down the polymer but that also means that they require another cell to do this for them. So this is one way where specialization then leads to requiring another microbe. This second type or motif of collective metabolism is something that we've heard about quite a lot in this meeting and it is that often catabolic pathways are split between specialist cells. So we've heard about acetate crossfeeding and lactate crossfeeding and so on. Here the idea that is that for example, a sugar catabolizing microbe can specialize in the sense that it can run only a partial pathway. It would then secrete a partially catabolized intermediate like an organic acid. And the point is really that by running a shorter pathway, you can under certain circumstances which I will go into in the last part of the talk, you can generate energy more proteome efficiently but then because you release a not fully catabolized substrate you facilitate an interaction with a different micro community member. In motif three, we are concerned or we talk about the exchange of anabolites like amino acids or vitamins and I think we haven't heard so much about this in this meeting but my wonderful colleague Divya is doing great work on this and she will give a talk on her work next week so you should see that. And these last two motifs are really based on instances where metabolic functions conflict with each other and there's basically two flavors of this in one flavor, the one enzyme or one intermediate or product of one metabolic function really inhibits the enzymes of another metabolic function and in this other flavor, two metabolic functions might require metabolism to run in opposing directions. So for example, autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism and the pink berries that Otto talked about are basically an instance of this type of motif of collective metabolism. Okay, so I will next go to talk about one motif in more detail, are there any questions? This is a very, I think it's a very nice conceptual sort of framework to think about but also these guys while they're doing this happy world scenario, they're also trying to kill each other with toxins and what more, so that makes the collective protein less efficient I guess. That's true, yeah. I think this is describing basically one side and the happy side of ecology and I think you can start taking these concepts, how much protein do you need to invest to, for example, kill someone? I think you can extend this to also competitive interactions but we haven't gone there yet. What kind of cells are you working on? I, so this is, I think I'm not presenting this well enough so this is the misconception that people usually ask me like what have I done in terms of experiments and really what I've done is I went into the literature and I looked at all sorts of types of model organisms that people work with. A lot of these results are based on your work with E. coli but yeah. Were you here in my second talk? No. Okay, so basically we don't find this for slow growing bacteria. What do you not find? We find that protein want to be inefficient. Yeah. I think we should talk about this more. Not in front of an audience. And I'm really sad I had to miss the first two days. There was another meeting that happened that I really need to go to. But let's talk about it. Yeah. And let's talk about this motif in more detail. So the idea here is again that catabolizing a let's say an electron donor like a sugar cells could specialize to basically oxidize this sugar only partially. There might be an argument that says that this generates energy in a more proteome efficient way than they would release an intermediate and then this intermediate can now cross feed another organism. I wanted to quickly motivate this by saying that we find these sorts of cross feeding in various different systems. We find them for organotrophs in probably aerobic systems in lab communities. We definitely find this in anaerobic systems like the human gut. And we also find this for chemolithotrophs. So not only organotrophs. So here, this is an example of nitrifying organisms and the nitrification process which is basically the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitride to nitrate. And this is usually carried out by two interacting cells. So the question really is why do cells perform this partial catabolism? And people who have thought about this, this is basically the previous generation of systems biologists. And what they want to know is how can we, along this sort of exemplatory pathway, how can we optimally allocate enzymes along this pathway to maximize its rate? And what would be the optimal length of the pathway to maximize energy production? So this pathway basically has an extracellular electron donor at a certain concentration. This gets taken up into the cell by a transporter. Then there's a couple of intracellular oxidation steps that all generate energy. And then the final intermediate product is expelled from the cell again. There's a couple of more parameters that come into play when describing this mathematically. So it's a length of the pathway. This is the number of reaction steps. There's this M, which is the number of intracellular intermediates, a number of ATP generating or energy generating steps, an energy generation rate, and a pathway reaction rate. And the way that this is implemented is extremely simplified. So all of the enzymes have identical characteristics of the same size and the same rate constant. And the reaction rates, I think, for mathematical tractability, I guess, are modeled as linear and irreversible. So there are two main and important ingredients that come into play that were postulated for this model. And this is that there are two pools of limiting resources. Pool one is a limiting amount of intracellular substrate that a cell is allowed to have and allowed to distribute along this pathway. And basically for osmotic reasons, and I think we've seen in Terry's talk that cells take osmotic insults seriously and they try to keep osmotic homeostasis. And the second pool of limited resources is enzymes that can be distributed along this pathway.  And now the question is, what happens when we reduce the pathway length? Can we make an argument that now, with the reduced pathway length, we can somehow generate energy more proteome efficiently? And what sort of speaks for that is that by reducing the pathway length, these two pools of limited resources, substrate concentrations, and enzyme concentrations that both affect the rate of the pathway now get sort of allocated among fewer reactions. So the rate of each reaction basically profits in a quadratic manner. But at the same time, we have fewer energy couplings. So what we can see is that if we decrease the length of the pathway, we always get an increase in the pathway reaction rate. And what we also see is that this increase is more dramatic when the electron donor concentration is high. And I think this becomes sort of understandable when we look at how enzymes ought to be optimally distributed along this pathway. So it's really just this dichotomy between the first transporting enzyme and all other enzymes where at low concentrations of the electron donor, most of the enzyme needs to go into the transporter and at high electron donor concentrations, only very few, very little of your limited enzyme pool needs to go to the transporter, and most can go in the rest of the pathway. So basically, if we cut these two steps, OX2 and OX3, we can gain different amounts of enzyme to distribute based on the electron donor concentration. We gain here in dark red very little enzyme to distribute at low electron donor concentrations. And a lot of enzymes to distribute at high electron donor concentrations. So therefore, this increase is more steep when the electron donor concentration is high. And what this also means is that the energy production rate has different optimal pathway lengths for different electron donor concentrations. So at a low concentration, this pathway that we call complete is the optimum for energy production and at high concentrations, a short pathway is optimal. And then we can sort of flip this around to speak about proteome efficiency. We can ask for a given energy production rate, how much protein would you need to invest having a short pathway compared to a long pathway? And this is basically what we see in this plot, where at low electron donor concentrations, the short pathway requires much more protein for a given energy production rate. As we increase the concentration of the electron donor, the short pathway becomes more proteome efficient at generating energy. And I think basically this is something that we see in E. coli, where as we increase glucose concentration, at some point we see overflow metabolism, so a more partial catabolism kick in. And we also see this in the other direction with the example of nitrification, where this usually two-step process of ammonium and nitride oxidation becomes a one-step process at really low, sorry, maybe, becomes carried out by a single organism at really low concentrations of ammonium. And this is then called ComaMox. Now the problem about this I realize is that Martina in her talk showed some data which was that when you increase the concentration of glucose, you actually do not see that the community becomes more structured into a glucose ferment and then organic acid oxidizer. So this is a bit of a problem, so therefore in the coffee break I electrically put together another slide to maybe be able to make sense of this. And this slide has to do with how energy generation steps are distributed along a pathway. So Martina told us that her cultures are always shaking super rapidly. So there should be oxygen, you know? In our toy pathway, the energy generation steps were distributed equally along the pathway. In a real pathway, for example, glucose catabolism, we know that more energy can in principle be gained in oxidative phosphorylation. So any NADH that we get to reduce oxygen, this is where we gain more of the energy. And in glycolysis we don't gain a lot of NADH, but in a TCA cycle we gain more NADH. So basically the quality of the electron acceptor or whether or not there is an electron acceptor tells us how much a catabolic pathway is back loaded in terms of energy production opportunities or front loaded. And I think you can show this quite nicely in this redox tower that gives us a sense of how energetically favorable a redox reaction is. When we oxidize glucose with oxygen, as an acceptor you have this large distance. So really most of the energy can be generated at the end of the pathway. When the electron acceptor is nitrate, this is already less so, and less so with sulfide or sulfur as electron acceptors. And even worse, when there is basically no electron acceptor in the cell can only ferment. So I think what this is basically saying is that the more energy front loaded a pathway becomes the more favorable partial catabolism is. So in anaerobic environments or in the absence of oxygen we should see more of the splitting of catabolic pathways. And so to wrap up, I basically asked in what way a metabolic capacity is distributed in a community and for this particular motif, the answer is really that catabolic pathways can be split between specialists, where one specialist performs a partial catabolism, releases an intermediate, and then this cross feeds another specialist. Question two and three were why and under which conditions are metabolic capacities distributed? And here the answer I think is really that partial catabolic pathways can always run faster and they can generate energy more proteome efficiently if the substrate concentrations are high and when pathways are more energy front loaded. So for example, when poor quality acceptors are around or when there are no external electron acceptors. And so to bring this back into the whole perspective what we set out and hope to do is maybe with the bit of knowledge that we've already gathered what can we do in terms of predicting the structure of collective metabolism. The key here we think is that metabolic capacities are distributed because cells specialize, cells specialize because that makes their metabolism more proteome efficient, but then in various cases these are these five motifs that we describe this entails metabolic interactions. And that's the last thing I wanted to say. So thank you very much for listening in and happy to take questions. Thank you very much for the talk. We have time for a few questions. Yeah, you know, when you split metabolite leaves a cell, okay, a lot of metabolites are lost. Can you repeat when you split? Right, when you split a pathway, a lot of metabolites are lost. How so? What do you mean they're lost? Yeah, yeah. So I guess one could say that this type of interactions really depend also on the environment. How turbulent is an environment? How much spatial structure is there? Can there be a biofilm where diffusion is more limited and metabolites get less lost? And I think this is something, some of the basically conditions to say, oh, how likely is it that we see more collective metabolism versus more generalists and turbulence or something like that is definitely something that... I'm just concerned, but you're using what we know about fast growing organism in very kind of a selective conditions, okay, the cell to grow fast. Applying these to the situation in a community where I'm slow growing, I mean, you're barely surviving and all that, right? And like energy, right? It's a topic often talked about. It's certainly an important issue for slow growing communities, I think for a little bit of everything, but it's absolutely not a concern for like the model organism, like you call it, we're talking about. I mean, generalist way more energy that's needed, right? And in fact, it uses these cytochromes that are inefficient. It's just, it doesn't bother to get energy. No. But mixing these two pictures are dangerous. I think often when I present this as well, then people say, oh, this is about energy. And I feel what I'm trying to do very deliberately is to say it is more about requiring fewer proteins for a process. And I think in general this, even a slow growing cell, if it can decide whether to synthesize or take up an amino acid, I think it would take it up. No, that's not what you see, right? Slow growing organisms, they don't bother to optimize their protein. But they're very different. They don't take up amino acids. They don't take amino acid, they keep that as a biosynthesis. So they're regulated in a bad way. They don't bother to regulate. I couldn't believe it until we saw like for five slow growing organisms, they're all like that. Yeah. I think like in a way it's good that I wasn't around on Tuesday because you wouldn't get the whole talk. Okay, we have time for one more question. I'm less skeptical than Terry. But let me just, the one, the number two which you presented, relied on the simple explanation which you got from the paper, relied on this bilinearity of all the reactions because it's essentially a concentration effect. So when you make your reaction to only one out of two things, you get a factor four effect. How sensitive it is to, what if not all of the internal reactions are, the internal metabolites are so low that they are actually in this regime where they are below K for corresponding reaction. And what happens if you have irreversible reactions? You mentioned that those are two requirements in this simplified model. I think one of the people who did most of this work is Jan Ulrich Kräft and I met him at some point and I asked what happens if you have more reversible, more Michaelis-Menten dynamics. And he says, then it's less mathematically tractable but the results are the same. That's what he told me. And then he showed me some figures that they didn't publish. And yeah. Okay, let's thank Matthias again. Okay, just one announcement before we...


You guys have all been in a conversation where it just flowed and it was easy. And you wish you could make that happen more? Well, the second way, verbally, to really get her to contribute to the conversation is what I like to call teaching her how to have a conversation. Why? A lot of women don't know how to have a conversation. Older women, no effing problem. They will talk your ear out. It'll be like a back and forth. It'll be good, right? Younger women, though, not always so good at it. You've got to teach them. And once again, it's not their fault. They're used to just having guys come up with 99% of guys come up to them and they're just trying to impress them. They're barely looking me in the eye. They're just trying to say the right thing, trying to say something funny.  So how do you teach her how to have a conversation? I also call this forcing her to contribute equally to the conversation. It's the same thing. Because what's a proper conversation? You're the man. You're supposed to start it. So you kick the ball to her. You put in some effort. But then she puts in effort back. I always say that she should be doing the vast majority of talking in a conversation. Once again, if she's not doing the majority of the talking, you're talking way too much. You've always heard that women love to talk. But if they're not doing that often, if they're not doing the majority of the talking, you're still definitely doing something wrong. And this is where it comes in. It's supposed to be an equal give and take. It's supposed to be an equal back and forth. But so many guys never even give her the opportunity to contribute equally to the conversation. Because they're so busy trying to fill in those silences, say something next. There's a moment of truth in a conversation. And that moment of truth comes after you start it. It's always your job to start it. You start the conversation. You kick it forward a little bit. And there's maybe a little bit of back and forth. I would say, hey, how's it going? What are you guys up to? My standard opening line. And we'll talk, oh yeah, you're doing that. Cool, how's that? Blah, blah, blah. She'll ask me. Oh, me and my friends are just up to this. And then there's always a lull, right? There's that first question. There's that opening little back and forth banter you have. And then it reaches a lull in conversation, right? You guys don't know what I'm talking about. You guys have all experienced this lull before that comes after that first little topic, because it's a little exciting, and then winds down. That first lull, I call that the moment of truth. Because that's when she's going to know what kind of man you are, right then and there, right? It's going to be anxious. It's going to feel nervous, especially if you're used to hate silence and you're used to always filling it in and always rushing forward to try to say something because you can't handle that awkwardness, right? We've all done that. We've all been there.  Just another one of those guys, moment of truth. So what do you have to do in that situation? How do you teach her how to have a conversation at that moment of truth?  Yeah, that's right. You make her feel shame. You shame her. Shame is one of the most powerful emotions known to man. We all know this. And in that moment where it comes to a lull and you're feeling all nervous, you're feeling all that anxiety, oh my god, the conversation is going to die, what you're used to doing in those situations. You're used to putting that shame on yourself. I have to say something. I have to make this happen. I have to keep this going. I have to have the right thing to say, what should I do? You're looking around. What do I say next? What am I supposed to do next? Why? It's not your job. It's both of your job. It's supposed a conversation is supposed to be a cooperative effort. Why are you putting all the pressure on yourself to do everything? Take her off the pedestal. At that moment of truth right there, when it's very natural to feel that anxiety, to feel that nervousness. Take a deep breath. You're a man. You can take it. I remember she's a girl. She can't. So I put that shame onto her. I put that pressure that I'm feeling. I'm putting all the anxiety. I'm handing it over to her. This is yours. I already did my part in the conversation. Now it's your turn. Don't you know how this stuff works? So what I do at that moment of truth, really, really simple, but important, so important, there's one thing I want you guys to do in conversation tonight. This is it. At that moment of truth, when you're nervous and your first instinct is to look off and say, oh, what do I say next?  I'm listening. I put them on the spot.  I want them to feel every single ounce of that anxiety. I can take it. She can't. Well, I'd say 75% of time. If you hold this, you don't let it phase you. You show that you're OK. What's up with you? She's going to feel that awkwardness. She's going to jump the fill in the conversation. So what do you? Blah, blah, blah. Right? When you guys weren't thinking like when it was just happening, that happened, right? When you're nervous, it doesn't just happen. You have to force it to happen. You've got to stand up to every anxiety in your body that wants to rush in and fill it. Hold your tongue, put your hand on your mouth if that's what it takes. Let her do it. And as soon as she fills it in, so what do you think about them? I immediately get the biggest smile. That's my victory right there. I know it's on. The second she starts putting an effort to the conversation, I get a big smile. And I try to reward her for it. I touch her. Oh, that's such a good question. That is so sweet of you to ask me. Give her a little hug. Make her feel good about it. Teaching her how to have a conversation. I'll say 75% of the time, 80% of the time, a woman will fill it in that first wall if you give her the space to do it and you don't just talk over her. Doesn't always happen, right? Sometimes the girls just aren't in a good mood. I talk about the 60-40 principle a lot, 60-40 principle really, really briefly. Just simply states that any response you get from another human being, 60% of it has nothing to do with you whatsoever and everything to do with whatever mood they're in. The other 40%, well, yeah, it does have to do with you. But I always say, that 40% is important. I say even like they're 60, they have their own issues. If you're carrying your 40%, well, you're going to get a majority positive response. It's not everybody. You're always going to have people that are just in a bad mood. It happens.  It has nothing to do with you. Girls are insecure. They're awkward. They're goofy. They're nerdy. It's not you. But at the same token, if you're 40% off, well, then you're probably going to get a majority of negative responses. And this gap right here, this moment of truth, it's definitely, the physical is always the biggest, but this gap is a very big piece of that 40% for you.


All right, coach, come down to Bridgewater. Get your first win of season 35-23. Just first your opening thoughts on the game. It's tough ball game. We knew we'd have our hands full, long trip, Saturday night game, something that we don't do very often. And to be able to come down here and get a win was exciting for me, certainly, and I think for the guys as well. We're able to score in the first two plays of the game. First, take the opening drive and take it for touchdown. Then you use the fake field goal on the second possession to score a goal of 14-7. So nice to be able to get to the offense a little bit of momentum, a little bit of rhythm early. Absolutely. That's something that we talk about all the time, is coming out from the opening kickoff and being able to establish ourselves as an offense. Coach Lawson does a great job with those guys, Coach Beard. And I think it speaks a lot to the character of our kids, to be able to come off the bus after a long trip and strap it up and drive the length of the field. It gets pretty good defense. It was exciting to see. Then obviously you went up 28, 10, and third quarter. They made a little bit of a run, got back within 28-23. But we were able to get a touchdown late and then come up with a late turnover to kind of see the victory. Sure. The turnover was huge. I thought it was a great call to throw the ball down there. I don't think anybody in the building thought we'd throw the ball there. That's a great decision by Dan, a great call by Coach Lawson. And then obviously the turnover, we talk so much about turnovers.  That's the biggest thing in the game was winning the turnover. So for us, that's right where we want to be. Certainly the other big turnover was in the third quarter with a four-summel midfield. But that set up your fourth touchdown. Sure. Again, being able to turn turnovers into points and they were driving the ball a little bit on us late, kind of pounding the rock a little bit and to come up big with that turnover. And then to answer where the touchdown was, a huge momentum swing. All right, Coach. Congratulations. Thanks. Thanks, Greg. I appreciate it.