We are lying. Good morning and welcome to this public meeting of the consumer product safety commission this morning. CPSC staff will brief the commission on his work to make off highway vehicles safer. Today's briefing is timely as this morning CPSC amplified our public safety education efforts for ATVs and other off highway vehicles ahead of the summer riding season. The dangers of riding off highway vehicles are real and include not only debris penetration, but also overturning collisions in occupant ejection. CPSC's latest data show an annual average of more than 700 deaths and an estimated 100,000 emergency room injuries involving these vehicles. What these data show is how vital it is for all riders to take off highway vehicle safety seriously, but particularly young riders. CPSC's most recent report shows nearly 300 deaths among children under the age of 16 over the covered three year period. It's critical that young riders always drive safely wear protective equipment. They should only drive youth model vehicles and never adult vehicles. I urge parents and caregivers to provide good examples for younger riders and their younger riders to call out your parents when they're not acting safe. Now, today's hearing is to allow the commission to hear from CPSC staff on recommendations for proposed rule making regarding 1st. Specific aspect of safety, just debris penetration reports of R. OV slash related fatalities injuries involving debris penetration penetrating the vehicles prompting CPSC to publish an advanced proposed rule making in May of 2021 to consider where there there may be unreasonable risk of injury and death associated. With R. OV's new TVs staff found a total of 107 incidents in CPSC databases between 2009 and 2021 involving debris penetration hazards. In addition from 2014 to 2016, there are 3 D debris penetration recalls associated with the R. OV's consisting of approximately 55,000 recalled vehicles. 630 incidents of debris cracking and breaking through the floorboards and 10 injuries. Specifically, this package summarizes the analysis performed by CPSC staff in the following areas. The review of outside contractor SCA's test data and engineering analysis. Examination proposed performance requirements and test protocol. Assessment of current voluntary standards for R. OV's and UTV's and summary of R. OV, UTV debris penetration related comments that were received in response to the 2021 A and PR and staff's response to those comments. I greatly appreciate the hard work the staff has put into the package and I look forward to hearing about CPSC's work in this space and to explore the next steps we can take to prevent unreasonable risk of injury and death associated with debris penetration in OHV's. Today, we have 2 briefers. 1 is Han Lim, project manager, director of engineering sciences and Barbara Little, attorney from regulatory affairs division. Also, in attendance are Mary Boyle, CPSC's executive director, Austin Schlegt, general counsel and Alberta Mills, CPSC's secretary. Once Mr. Lim and Ms. Little have completed the briefing, each commissioner will have up to 10 minutes to ask questions with multiple rounds if necessary. And I will now turn over the gavel to Mr. Lim and Ms. Little. Welcome and thank you. Cone Sark, commissioners, Bianco, Belman and Trumka. Barbara Little, attorney with the office of general counsel and I, Han Lim, mechanical engineer, project manager, we'll be giving you a presentation on the recreational off highway vehicle, R. OV, and utility task terrain vehicle, UTV debris penetration notice of proposed rule. Next slide please. The agenda for our presentation is first, we'll explain section 7 and 9 of the consumer product safety act, then we'll proceed with the product description, hazard description, the advance notice of proposed rulemaking summary. Then we'll discuss incident data review, recalls, contract work done by SCA limited. And we'll talk about the ANPR public comments and our staff responses. Then we'll comment on the adequacy of the voluntary standards. Then proceed with preliminary regulatory analysis, initial regulatory flexibility analysis, and we'll conclude with staff recommendations. Staff recommends a proposed performance requirement of no debris penetration when a test R. OV, UTV, or stimulated R. OV, UTV test led, fit it with a test floorboard traveling at a minimum of 10 miles per hour collides with a stationary 2 inch diameter oak dowel. That believes the current aftermarket solutions that exist in the marketplace demonstrated usability. The proposed performance requirement will reduce the risk. We'll reduce the debris penetration hazard from R. V's and you. And now I will turn it over to Barbara little who will explain section 7 and 9 of the CPSA. Morning, as chair on Sarah mentioned, I'm Barbara little and I'm in training with the office of the general council and the regulatory affairs division. I'll be giving a brief overview of the statutory framework for issuing a standard under the consumer product safety act. This rulemaking falls under section 7 and 9 of the CPSA. Section 7 of the CPSA authorizes the commission to issue consumer product safety standards that consist of performance requirements and or requirements for names or instructions. The requirements must be reasonably necessary to prevent or reduce an unreasonable risk of injury associated with the product. Next slide please section 7 of the CPSA also states that consumer product safety standards must be issued in accordance with the procedures in section 9 of the CPSA. Section 9 of the CPSA provides procedural and substantive requirements for issuance of a consumer product safety standard. Section 9 provides that the commission may initiate rulemaking through publication of an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking or a NPR in the federal register. And as the chair mentioned, the commission published an NPR in the federal register in May of 2021 next slide please. Section 9 specifies that a notice of proposed rulemaking or NPR must include the text of the proposed rule, alternatives to the proposed rule considered by the commission and a preliminary regulatory analysis. Pursuant to section 9, the commission must make certain findings before issuing a final rule. The commission makes these findings on a preliminary basis at the proposed rule stage. Section 9 also requires that the commission provide opportunity for both written and oral comments on the proposed rule. Next slide. As I mentioned, one component of an NPR is a preliminary regulatory analysis. Section 9 of the CPSA provides certain elements that must be included in the preliminary regulatory analysis. The analysis must address the potential benefits and costs of the rule and who is likely to receive these benefits and bear the costs. Reasons the standard submitted to the commission was not published as part of the proposed rule and alternative to the alternatives to the proposed rule and reasons why the alternatives were not chosen. In addition to supporting the preliminary regulatory analysis, information about costs and benefits associated with the rule also help form the basis for several findings required for the final rule. So, as I mentioned to issue a final rule, the commission must consider and make specific findings and those findings must be included in the rule. Although the commission does not have to make these findings at the end PR stage, preliminary findings are included in the NPR because section 9 requires that the findings must be included in the regulatory text as part of the NPR, including the preliminary findings in the NPR also provides an opportunity for interested parties to comment on the findings. This slide shows 8 of the 9 required findings. Next slide, please. The final finding deals with voluntary standards. If a voluntary standard that addresses the issue has been adopted and implemented, the commission must find that either the voluntary standard is not likely to eliminate or adequately reduce the risk of injury or substantial compliance with the voluntary standard is unlikely. I'll now turn it back over to Han, who will provide further information about the briefing package and the draft proposed rule. Next slide, please. Thank you, Barbara.  We have 2 types of ROVs, a utility type, ROV and a recreational type ROV. On the bottom, we have an example of a typical UTV. The utility oriented ROVs and UTVs are generally used for work oriented tasks as seen here with their cargo beds that are larger in comparison to the recreational type ROVs. And the recreational type ROVs are generally used for leisure, trail riding or competitive racing type of purposes. Next slide, please. Now I'm going to show you some examples of products that are not in scope. Going clockwise, starting from the upper left, we have all terrain vehicles, also known as ATVs, golf cars, personal transport vehicles, also known as PTVs, low speed vehicles and gopards. Next slide, please. ROVs and UTVs share similar features. Both are motorized vehicles designed for all highway use with 4 or more wheels with tires designed for all highway use, steering wheels for steering control, non-straddle seating for one or more occupants, flip controls for throttle and braking. What separates ROVs and UTVs is maximum speeds. ROVs have maximum speeds greater than 30 miles per hour, whereas UTV maximum speeds are typically between 25 and 30 miles per hour. Also, another distinguishing feature is UTVs are equipped with larger cargo beds with higher loading capacities than in comparison to ROVs. Next slide, please. So a little bit more than a year ago, the NPR was published on May 11, 2021. The scope of the NPR covered fire hazards for ATVs, ROVs and UTVs, and debris penetration hazards for ROVs and UTVs. The NPR concluded the applicable voluntary standards did not have performance requirements to address fire and debris penetration hazards. Next slide, please. The current NPR scope is only for ROVs and UTVs debris penetration hazards. At the NPR stage, Commission noted that because the rulemaking involved three vehicle types and two different hazard patterns, it was possible to divide the rulemaking into separate rulemakings at the notice of proposed rulemaking stage. Accordingly, this draft proposed rule will address debris penetration hazards associated with ROVs and UTVs, and staff intended to address fire hazards associated with ATVs, ROVs and UTVs in a separate rulemaking. Next slide, please. There are two applicable voluntary standards for ROVs. There's the American National Standard for Recreational Off Highway Vehicles, developed by Recreational Off Highway Vehicle Administration Association, also known as the ANSI Robot 1, 2016. For UTVs, the American National Standard for a Multipurpose Off Highway Utility Vehicles, developed by Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, also known as OPI. And the standard is ANSI OPI B71.9, 2016. Next slide, please. And now I will describe the debris penetration hazard. Debris, usually tree branches, can puncture the floorboard and pose impalement and laceration hazards. In this slide, the left photo shows a tree branch that penetrated through the floorboard from the view of the cabinet and passenger seat. The right photo shows the branch from an exterior view, and in this particular incident, both the driver and passenger were injured. Next slide, please. With regard to debris penetration related deaths and injuries, there were 107 incidents of which there were six deaths, 22 injuries, and 79 non-injuries. Tree branches and logs can puncture through floorboards and can pose impalement and laceration hazards at speeds as low as two miles per hour. The deaths involved impalements to the heart, chest, and thigh. The injuries we've looked at involve ankle abrasions, calf laceration, abdomen impalement resulting in stomach, liver, pancreas injuries, leg bruises, and streaks. Next slide, please. In addition to the aforementioned incidents, staff is aware of three ROV debris penetration related recalls. Collectively, there are approximately 55,000 affected vehicles, approximately 630 incidents. The recalling firm describes the incidents as debris tracking or breaking through the floorboards of the vehicles. Next slide, please. And now I will shift gears and explain the contract work done by SEA Limited. The goals of the contract were to quantify the speeds and energies necessary for debris penetration of standard ROV floorboards and aftermarket floorboard guards. SEA developed two test methods. First, full-scale ROV debris penetration using an autonomous driverless robotic ROV. Second, simulated vehicle sled, which is essentially a ROV test frame fitted with floorboards and aftermarket floorboard guards and weights to simulate a fully loaded ROV that can move linearly along the track. Both of these test methods involve the test vehicle or simulated sled colliding with a stationary test valve. The next set of slides will visually illustrate these test methods. This video will show two test sequences with the simulated vehicle sled and one test sequence with a driverless robotic ROV test. Please play the video. So this first test sequence shows a sled fitted with a standard floorboard moving at 2.5 miles per hour. And in this instance, we see debris penetration have occurred here. The second test sequence, we see an aftermarket guard installed with no penetration with a sled moving at 10 miles per hour. And the third test sequence, we see a driverless robotic ROV colliding with a stationary doll at 10 miles per hour. Please advance to the next slide. Perhaps the video may have been a bit fast, so here are some time-lapse photos. The first test showed the simulated vehicle sled with a standard floorboard installed and weights to simulate the weight of a fully loaded ROV. The sled was traveling at 2.5 miles per hour when it struck the stationary dial. As you can see on the far right photo, the dial penetrated the floorboard. Next slide, please. Now this next set of time-lapse photos show a simulated vehicle sled with a commercially available aftermarket aluminum floorboard guard installed. Unlike the previous slide, the test dial did not penetrate the floorboard. The aluminum floorboard guard had sufficient thickness, rigidity, and stick-deflecting properties to allow the test dial to deflect and allow bending forces to break off the dial, accomplishing the goal of preventing debris penetration. As we go left to right, starting from the top row, we see the test dial lined up with the intended target. In the second photo, we see the test dial contacting the surface of the floorboard guard. The third photo shows the stick being deflected or pushed away due to the material strength properties of the aluminum floorboard guard and the curvature and contours to facilitate deflection. The last two photos show the dial breaking off where the fourth photo shows actual shards of wood separating, and then finally in the last photo, we see the dial breaking off into many wood fragments. Next slide, please. In the final set of time-lapse photos, we see the driverless robotic ROV colliding with the stationary dial at 10 miles per hour. The stationary floorboard is installed and no floorboard guard was installed. As you can see on the right photo, the dial made full penetration into the passenger-occupant cabin area. Next slide, please. Now I will summarize the contractor's findings. The CA concluded that the 10-mile-per-hour test replicated real-world scenarios. The standard plastic floorboards experienced debris penetrations at speeds as low as 2.5 miles per hour. Tests with aftermarket floorboard guards show the risk of debris penetration is vastly reduced if the stick is deflected and bending forces break the stick instead of energy absorption. The likelihood of bending and breaking the stick is increased at 10 miles per hour and greater. Next slide, please. Now I will shift gears again and speak about the ANPR comments and staff responses. There were 10 public comments of which four supported the ANPR. Two comments stated that it's not clear whether the debris penetration hazard incidents were caused by lack of clear sight, user error, or whether the driver and or passenger were impaired. One of these comments also states it is unclear when the product is being dangerous due to improper installation, inspection, operation, and or maintenance. Next slide, please. The staff response was that debris penetration incidents occurred during non-severe conditions. 44% of the incidents we looked at that had information regarding speed involved speeds at 5 miles per hour or less, 66% at 10 miles per hour or less, and some at speeds as low as 2 miles per hour. These vehicles are marketed and intended to be driven in wooden trails. Next slide, please. Two comments assert the ANPR should be withdrawn due to insufficient information to determine that there is an unreasonable risk of injury and that debris penetration incidents are rare and involved, highly dissimilar factors. Our response was that at least six deaths and 22 injuries have occurred and illustrate the potential risk for more injuries and more deaths. Staff analysis indicates debris penetrations occur at low speeds in areas with branches that a user would expect to be able to drive the vehicle. Next slide, please. Four comments advocated voluntary standard activities in lieu of rulemaking to address the debris penetration hazard. The staff response was that since 2018, staff met with OPEI and ROVA multiple times to discuss incident data, recalls, and possible performance requirements to address the debris penetration hazard. To date, there are no performance requirements in the voluntary standards to address the debris penetration hazard. Each and every time we met with ROVA and OPEI, staff strongly encouraged them to address the debris penetration hazard through the voluntary standards process. The staff conveyed the same message in written form with multiple voluntary standards letters. Next slide, please. Next slide, please. As I stated previously, to date, there are no performance requirements to address the debris penetration hazard in the applicable standards, ANSI, ROVA 1, 2016, and ANSI, OPEI, B71.9, 2016. Next slide, please. Based on staff's research, analysis, evaluation, and the contractor's test program, staff recommends a performance requirement of no debris penetration when a test ROV, UTV, or simulated ROV, UTV test led fitted with a test floorboard traveling at a minimum of 10 miles per hour collides with a stationary 2-inch diameter oak style. The current aftermarket solutions that exist in the marketplace demonstrated feasibility. The proposed performance requirement will reduce the debris penetration hazard from ROVs and UTVs. Next slide, please. Now I will speak on the preliminary regulatory analysis. Staff estimated costs and benefits for two types of solutions. One, a fully redesigned floorboard that uses most of the material in the original floorboards. And two, floorboards with floorboard guards. The benefits are avoided deaths and injuries from floorboard debris penetration. The associated costs involve industry costs, which include the labor and materials required to redesign and test existing ROV and UTV models, as well as the cost of manufacturing and installation. The price impact to market estimated as changes to consumer and product and producer surplus. Next slide, please. This next chart summarizes the possible floorboard solutions, the associated estimated costs, the annualized and per vehicle costs, and the benefit to cost ratio. Staff considered two alternatives to comply with the draft regulation. One is the redesigned floorboards and the other floorboard guards. The redesigned floorboards had a net benefit as indicated by the benefit cost ratio of 1.67 and floorboard guards had a ratio of benefits to cost just about even at 1.0. Next slide, please. With regard to regulatory alternatives, staff considered four alternatives and rejected all four. First, staff considered conducting marketing, campaigns and recalls. We found that marketing campaigns are not likely to reduce incidence encountering debris. It's largely unavoidable. The recalls are specific and not universal and they're specific to a subset of existing products cannot prevent the introduction of unsafe products and only put in place only after the incidents have already happened. The second alternative was to rely on the voluntary standard development. As mentioned previously, despite active CPSC involvement since 2018, the voluntary standards have not addressed the re-penetration hazard. The third alternative was to limit the ROV in UTV speed to a maximum of 10 miles per hour. We believe that would impose a high utility cost to consumers and not address a large number of incidents. Finally, staff considered the alternative of implementing the small batch exemption. However, the ROV UTVs still by small businesses are not different from others and they will still pose the same risk of injury. Next slide, please. The initial regulatory flexibility analysis showed seven of 35 identified ROV UTV manufacturers meet the Small Business Administration criteria for small businesses. Five of seven small ROV UTV manufacturers are likely to experience significant economic impact. 19 of 26 identified ROV UTV importers may meet the SBA criteria for small businesses. Small importers of ROVs and UTVs are unlikely to experience significant economic impact because four manufacturers are likely to issue general certificates of conformity, also known as GCCs, and unlikely to accept the market. If GCCs are not issued, the 13 of 19 smaller importers could experience a significant economic impact. Next slide, please. So, in conclusion, staff recommends a proposed performance requirement of no debris penetration when a test ROV UTV or simulated ROV UTV test sled fitted with a test floorboard traveling at a minimum of 10 miles per hour, collides with a stationary two inch diameter bulk style. The current aftermarket solutions that exist in the marketplace demonstrate a feasibility. The proposed performance requirement will reduce the debris penetration hazard from ROVs and UTVs. Next slide, please. This concludes our presentation. Thank you. Now we'll be happy to take any questions. Thank you, Mr. Lim. Thank you, Ms. Little. At this point in time, we're going to turn to questions from the commission. We'll do so in 10 minutes per commissioner with multiple rounds if necessary. So, I'm first going to recognize myself for 10 minutes and again, thank the staff for the presentation and the work they've done and putting together the proposal. A note in the proposal doesn't cover youth ROVs, in part because of the low ground clearance and smaller wheel area in the one youth ROV the staff focused on. This particular youth ROV configuration appears to allow for a lower space for debris penetration and lower likelihood of debris penetration than the larger adult size ROVs are being tested. Is there anything that would prohibit, I guess, a question from Mr. Lim, anything that would prohibit youth ROV from being manufactured with a higher ground clearance and a larger wheel well area? At this stage, we're not aware of any provisions. However, there are anthropometric limits to what a youth could safely use and thereby limits how a large manufacturer could safely make a youth ROV. So, there's what I heard is there's nothing that prohibits them from manufacturing yet. You think that those might be unsafe, but we don't have any standards for that at this point in time. Do we? Correct. We don't have any standards for that. If the youth ROV was manufactured with a higher clearance and a larger well area, would the youth ROV have a similar risk profile as the adult ROV and put it differently? Is there anything that would in the proposed rule that would prohibit a manufacturer from producing a youth ROV with a similar risk profile that we're seeing in the adult size ones? Let's check this Mr. Lim as well. There's nothing in the proposed rule that would prohibit a youth, a large youth ROV, but again, there are limits to what size ROV youth could safely handle and staff is certainly interested in comments about defining youth ROVs for this rule. Thank you. I'm going to pause my questions at this point in time and turn over to Commissioner Bianco. Recognize you for 10 minutes. You're muted, Mr. Commissioner Bianco. Thank you. And thanks again to our home, Sarah. Thank you both for the presentation. Mr. Lynn are the floor board guards removable. We had a floor floor board guard can a consumer then after after they purchase it take them off. Are you referring to the aftermarket products? Well, if you're referring to the aftermarket products, I mean, that's something that it's a product that a consumer can install themselves. I'm asking about. Okay. I'm sorry. I, it was my understanding that it was the floor board guard was one of the proposed solutions here. Correct. Yes. Okay. And that wouldn't be an aftermarket floor board guard. It would be installed on the original equipment. Correct. It's installed on the original equipment. That will depend on the manufacturer if they make it removable. I mean, if it's the, the matter in which it's fastened. If it's riveted, it's probably going to be more difficult, but if it's not bolted, then perhaps it can be removed by. That, that to me is significant. Is there anything in the proposed rule that addresses that we do in the staff briefing package? It does not specify the attachments. It's just a performance standard that the vehicle has to be able to withstand this impact loading. How they do that was was left for them to decide and certainly could take questions or comments on on that concept. Nobody thinks that's significant. If this is our, if this is a proposed solution to this debris penetration yet somebody buys it and then removes the guard and we see this with tons of other products. Why would that be a viable solution? What am I missing here? Yeah, so I think again, it comes down to the mechanism of how the, how the manufacturers do that. And when staff created a performance standard, we were looking at, at just dealing with protecting against that impact loading. But certainly we again, I think we can add questions to that effect. So there was a slide Mr. Lynn that you had that said, one of the comments said that the, and I don't remember the slide, the word specifically, but somebody said there were highly dissimilar factors in some of the other injuries or deaths that occurred. Can you tell me what those highly dissimilar factors were? Well, I think we were addressing the comment as that most of these were majority of the incidents were occurring at lower speeds. There were about over 40% at 5 miles per hour. Over 60% had less than 10 miles per hour. And the, and our responses. More about just the scenarios that these, these vehicles are used in trails and and similar. Well, I do understand, trust me, I do understand all of this and I understand the points. What I'd like to know is where they're truly highly dissimilar factors. I'd like to hear if there were if what you're saying is the factors that were proposed by the comment or commentators. Were really the same type of thing different speeds and such. That's 1 thing. But if they were highly, highly different, like somebody was running it up a tree. For example, I would be interested in hearing. Jump in just momentarily, but I, I believe that this particular commenter had mentioned that in 1 instance, the driver was driving through a stream or through some water. The comment there was also characterizing that some of the drivers may have been impaired through alcohol use. But right. You know, I think from what staff has said in the briefing packages and staffs, you, they, these weren't constitute highly dissimilar factors such that the hazard or the risk can't be regulated. And these are, these are intended to be driven off road where there will be branches. There may be streams and it's foreseeable that a consumer will encounter that when they were driving an off road vehicle. Okay, just out of sheer curiosity, if you don't mind just to send me those highly dissimilar factors. I just would like to look at them. I just would like to look at them. Otherwise, I have no more questions. I appreciate your responses. Thank you. Commissioner. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I want to thank our presenters today for the work that you put into this package. It's quite a lengthy package as well as the presentation today, which was, which was fairly comprehensive and helpful. So thank you. I don't have many questions, but I did want to ask and I apologize. The slides here are not numbered, but I am looking at the preliminary regulatory analysis summary that appears towards towards the end of the presentation. And there's a footnote here where staff seems to have calculated the dollar of benefits per vehicle for the redesigned floorboard and for the floorboard guard. And the footnote talks about the cost differential between those two benefits differing slightly because the two solutions are different due to their slightly different impacts on the market demand, which would affect the number of incidents in the long run. I'm not sure that I understand what that means. Could you explain your thinking and rationale? I think what that footnote refers to is the fact that the choice for redesigning the floorboard versus the floorboard guard is dealing with the differing approaches for dealing with the hazard. And what what staff was trying to account for there is the impact after over the full life cycle of the products and staff in this case used looked at a 30 year design cycle. So encompassing multiple generations of vehicles and then tried to account for how those dip the redesigned floorboard versus floorboard guard impacted the demand over that time period. Well, how did it impact the demand? Yeah, so I think what we what we see in what you have in the in the table summarizing is that it shows a higher price as a result. I'm not sure I fully understand the rationale and in the explanation that you're given. Maybe this is something that we can follow up on. I do have other questions. They are legal in nature and relate to the efficiency of the work that's gone in here. That's probably not appropriate to get into an open session. So this is something that I'll follow up with our legal staff after the fact. If that's all right. Again, I thank you for the presentation and we yield back to balance of my time. Thank you commissioner turning to commissioner. Thank you, Mr chair. Thank you staff. I appreciate the NPR package that you put forward and the work that went into it. And the presentation that you've given here today. Look, I've got a side by side and and when I get into it. I close it or I get into a very comfortable seat buckle my seat belt. I can turn on windshield wipers roll down automatic windows and I'm holding a steering wheel and I've got a gas pedal. Everything about the vehicle feels like you're in a truck. My side by side actually costs more than my truck. So that tells you my or my priorities are at I guess. But the vehicle gives you a sense of security. And I think just like nobody worries about being impaled by a stick when they're in their truck. It expects that risk in their side by side either but but it happens inside by sides. My feet are on a piece of plastic and if a stick hits that it can pierce it and stab me in the leg or the stomach or the chest. And the data is showing that it happens to people that are inching along at a couple of miles. Or to people at moderate cruising speeds of just 25 or 30 as well. And so again, I want to thank our staff. You've been working on a solution. You've proposed this NPR. It's a great step. Do have some questions on how we define scopes of products and things like that. So, so we define ROV and UTV in proposed sections 16 CFR 14 21.2 and B. And it looks like the main difference between those two and Mr. Lim you mentioned this before the main difference is top speed correct. Yes, that's correct. So, you know, an ROV as we looked at that definition is a motorized vehicle designed or intended for off highway use with the following features for more wheels or tires designed for off highway use non-straddle seating for one or more occupants steering wheel put controls for throttle and braking and maximum vehicle speed over 30 miles an hour. And then the only difference with UTV is that instead of 30 miles an hour for ROVs for top speed, UTVs have typically between 25 and 30 mile an hour top speed. So we're looking at measurables with these definitions something that calls itself an ROV doesn't avoid this proposed rule by having a top speed of 25 29 miles an hour right I mean that just makes it a UTV correct. Correct. Yes, that's correct. Staff sought to have as encompassing a scope as is supported by the incident data. So we're trying to capture both sets of vehicles. Yeah, I know I think that makes sense. But I think it does raise an issue that I see as one we might need to resolve with the proposed rule. Because that that's all crystal clear to me from the text of the rule itself that it's being proposed, but I think we deviate that deviate from that and response to one of the comments and the proposed response is the quote at least one ROV manufacturer offers youth oriented ROVs that are smaller versions of the full sized ROVs and then it says staff did not include these products in the scope of the proposed rule. So the first question there, that's a reference to Polaris razor 200 and Polaris Ranger 150 correct. Yeah. And so if you look at those, you know you go on the players website, they both have four wheels, they both have non straddle seating for one or more occupants they both have a steering wheel foot controls for throttle and breaking. And they both have a maximum vehicle speed of 29 miles per hour. They both fit the definition of utv that's in the proposed rule. So I think, regardless, I don't see an exemption for youth ROVs in the text of the proposed rule itself just in those comments and response to the comments. I would say that. Sorry. I didn't intend to sure what's going on there. There's a lot of background noise. Staff didn't intend to include the youth ROVs in the scope of the rule, but, but you're correct that if, you know, if there's a vehicle that has a max speed of 29 miles per hour and has the other distinguishing features that are defined in the proposed text that it would, you know, it would, it would mean one of the definitions in the scope of the proposed rule. And I think that staff is would welcome comments on the appropriateness of including youth ROVs in the scope of the rule. That said, I'll also reiterate, from an engineering perspective, the information in the briefing package does the state that because of the configuration of both the the wheel well and the ground clearance taken taken together. Staff doesn't believe that the, the models are as susceptible to debris penetration. Incidents and we have not in fact seen any incidents related to the youth models. You know, I appreciate that clarity. So I think it's, it's something that I do hope that we iron out and just provide some clarity on as we work through this. But I think, you know, it's on our radar. We can, we can work that out. I think that one thing you mentioned there, I do think I encourage us to reevaluate a little bit on the clearance issue. Because the youth Polaris razor 200 has 10 inches of ground clearance. And that is identical to the adult Polaris Ranger 500. So it doesn't have less ground clearance than at least one of the adult models actually several the adult models there. And the youth Ranger 150 is right in the same neighborhood inches. So I think we ought to take a pretty close look at that. And if they did have less brown clearance, it would help them test the penetration test. So something to think about there. I think that one other thing to think about on a slightly separate topic. We do this in the NPR we do it elsewhere and I think a lot of people do it.  I don't really think the public knows what we're talking about with those terms. Maybe they don't have to know rulemaking, but as we talk about these things, you know, those are functionally the same vehicles. The difference when they're buying them and everybody calls them side by side. So, so I think that going forward, at least in communications with consumers and things like that. It'd be really useful to adopt the terminology that people understand rather than tracking acronyms that were created for other purposes. I take your point and I agree in terms of messaging to consumers. I will say for the, you know, text of the proposed rule and the context of rulemaking, it's helpful to identify them. In terms of how they have been used in the past and the sort of industry usage and able to define them with their defining characteristics. So in terms of rulemaking, I would say that the distinction may make more of a difference than in terms of the consumer messaging. Yeah, and I think, you know, we do a good job describing what we're talking about here. So in this role, when we look at the characteristics that they have, we do a good job making sure we're being clear there. Just something to think about as we talk about this going forward. And I want to address one other thing that came up. It came up in comments and one that you were asked to address one of the comments. I think every time we mentioned regulating side by sides or ATVs, we hear unfounded and false attacks on the people that use them. And industry would like you to believe that we're all drunk, they're devils trying to do stunts. But in reality, that I mean, I couldn't be farther from the truth. We're trying to be our kids through the outdoors teaching them about the woods or creeping up your blind. So I do want to throw that out there. But I think in this instance, particularly any attacks like that, they certainly fall flat with this rule because we're seeing drivers in pale to two miles an hour. This is not something you could even come close to blaming on use of the product. So I'll leave that there. I did have one last question I wanted to address. It's with the way we're analyzing the impact on American businesses. And it looks possible that we're still counting companies with a U.S. entity as U.S. manufacturers of the 5th ship manufacturing jobs overseas. I hope my reach wrong on that. But I wanted to make sure we're accurately reflecting where manufacturing occurs with that tally. So this isn't a question for now. It's just a question for a follow up. If you can give me a list of the manufacturers that we counted. I mean, we had, I think, 17 U.S. and then we listed a few other countries just with the manufacturers, the country required. We credit them with an or tally and then where the manufacturing actually occurs. Yeah, we certainly can and will provide that list. I would note that our discussions on the U.S. versus foreign manufacturers is tied to the required regulatory flexibility analyses. And under the small business administration guidelines for for those analyses were required to characterize the impact on small U.S. entities. And so even if a so if a manufacturer has a U.S. facility, we are required to include it. And the fact that they also have foreign facilities is irrelevant. Although it does provide it may provide some evidence that the entity does not have the SBA requirements for small. All right, we can work to figure that out a little bit. If you could send me that, that'd be fantastic. Again, look, thanks for the briefing today. I learned a lot and I look forward to the public comments on the issues here. And, you know, we're keeping an open mind with this proposal. We want to make sure that we hear thoughts on any ways we can improve it. Thank you. Thank you commissioner. I would look to my fellow commissioners to see if anybody wants a second round. I think I am okay at this point in time. Hearing no requests. I would go back and thank the staff for this informative briefing and to the commissioners for their active participation. I look forward to continue to work on this issue and having discussions with both staff and my colleagues to follow up on some of the questions that have been raised. And next steps going forward with that this meeting is adjourned.


Hi everybody. Happy new release day. I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com and we're coming at you with some 2022 Panini Origins Football. It's a pick your team break. Eight box, half case, pick your team number one. Second half of the case already in the store, almost halfway through that. Big thanks everybody who picked their teams. Now if you have a rooftop next to you name, that means you won that team in the team random, that we did a little randomizer. So it's sort of a pick your team, random team hybrid kind of break. Brian, you officially got last bot mojo, Steelers and Titans. Some good teams have last bot mojo in. And here is a fresh and clean case.  Now let's figure out which eight we're gonna do. We're gonna do a left side, right side randomizer. All right, one, two, three for the left side and four, five, six for the right side. And it's five, one, two, three, four, five, six. So we'll save these for the next pick your team. We'll mark all of those with PYT so we don't confuse it with the random team half case, which is also available right now at jaspyscasefrakes.com. All right, on-card stuff, two autographs, one memorabilia per box on average and an ultra rare blank slate insert. I didn't see any of that in the first half of that random break. I don't know if it's a one-per-case situation. My guess is no, but is that a fresh case as an unopened or as in it's cool and fly? Both, Rex. It's fresh and clean. Both meaning it's a new case and it's cool and fly. All right, Nick Chubb to 199 for the Browns, T Higgins for the Bengals to 299. And behind it, Daniel Jones is Derek Stingley Jr. Behind Daniel Jones is his teammate, Wondale Robinson. 64 out of 75, two-color patch going to Mark, Mark L and the G-Men. And we got some sauce, 66 out of 99, Ahmad Sauce Gardener for Keshon and the Jets. Picked up the Jets straight up. Yeah, there he is. Got it, on the board already. And the RPA Pierre Strong Jr., three colors and out of 10. So on a bit heavier card stock too, the 10, they're a little bit thicker. And that will be for Rob and the Patriots, one of the Patriots in the filler. Next one. I wish Flattery did get you wood yield better hits. Alas, no, but you can try. Thanks, Michael. Doesn't hurt. All right, we got Coralyn Sutton for my rivals, the Broncos to 99. We got AJ Brown for the Eagles to 299. And behind Chris Godwin is Joe Burrow. Like the background this year too. And your hits. We got a Matt Corral, Jersey, 58 out of 99. Carolina, Michael P with the Panthers. Maybe it does work. Mark, what's going on? You still have it. Nice. There's a Kavon Tibido. One of our old school guys, Mark N in the chat, still has the Derek Henry from Origins, an RPA out of 10 that I pulled for you back in 2016. What's that value that now? Having another nice season. Kavon Tibido for the Giants, that'll be for Mark L. And we got Eazy E, Jersey and Autograph. Keshon saying nice start. You might be lagging behind a little bit, Keshon. You might wanna hit that live button to make sure at the most current point of the stream. If you're watching YouTube, if you're on Twitch, maybe just a refresh. Rob with the Dolphins. All right, next one. Thank you, Michael P. I appreciate you. I usually assume that if there's appreciation when I see your name again in my order list, when your name pops across my desk for orders. There's De'Andre Hopkins to 199. And there's Eli Mitchell to 299 for the Niners. Be for Aaron. Behind Mahomes, Patrick Mahomes is Breeze Hall. And we got James Cook, Dalvin's brother. 26 out of 199. Buffalo! Jeffrey with the bills. And we've got Origins on Carvotto, Hassan Haskins, Titans. That's one of Brian T's Last Spot Mojo teams. 70% of the time Last Spot Mojo hits 100% of the time. And there's Jalen Tolbert, Jersey and Autograph for the Dallas Cowboys. I don't think that's even nearly comparable to a business wrecks. I think you missed the mark on that. Wildly different scenario. There's Tua to 75. Dolphins looking good, Rob with the dolphins. But Terry McLauren to 199. Yeah, poor Breeze Hall. He was ballin' out, but that injury got in the way. Sam Howell behind Aaron Rodgers is a hometown roots, Givante Williams. 30 out of 99. Wallace, North Carolina hometown roots. My grandparents used to live in North Carolina. Let's see where Wallace is. Wallace is kind of out in the middle of nowhere between Fayetteville and Jacksonville, North Carolina. There you go, in case you were wondering. There's Christian Watson, 26 out of 99. That's for the Packers, Aaron Miller. Wouldn't make light of domestic violence, right? Let's not do that. It's a completely different situation. Let's not make light of that. Pierre Strong Jr. is a patriot, Rob, with the pass. Right, yeah. Now he's in the NFL. Although poor Givante Williams, right? I think he went down with a knee injury at some point in the season and he'll have to make his way back, sorry. Oh, where did he go to college? He went to North Carolina at Chapel Hill. So he did not go very far. Went from Wallace-Rosehill High School and then went to North Carolina for a couple of years and then, boom, second round pick in the NFL. Not bad. 14 out of 50, Stefan Diggs. Keenan Allen to 199. Ooh, that must be the blank slate insert. Josh Allen, Buffalo! That goes to Jeffrey in the Bills. Now, the box says ultra rare. I don't know how ultra rare it is, but I don't know, maybe these do really well in the secondary market. It's pretty nice. There you go, Jeffrey. That looks really sharp. There's John Mechie to 199. Piece of his jersey going to Brandon and the Texans. That's gotta be the blank slate, right? Yeah, I guess, yeah. BLS3 blank slate. It's just sort of a nice off-white color. Really nice color there, too. It's something that Patrick Bateman would, from the satire movie and book, American Psycho, he would appreciate the off-white color in that it's bone. There's Tyquan Thornton, Patriots, before Rob. And we started from the bottom. Now we're here, Drake. 38 out of 99, two-color jersey and autograph. Aaron Miller, Falcons. Yeah, I don't know. It just says ultra rare. I'm not sure if they're one per case or not. I guess we'll find out. We'll have to do the second half of that random team break to find out. That's on jaspyscasebreaks.com. ABC, always be closing. Darren Waller needs to get back on the, I almost said pitch, get back on the football field. Tom Brady to 199. Behind Demi and Harris is Stefan Diggs.  The auto is gonna be easy-e. That's how he does it, he's consistent. Miami, that's gonna be for Rob and the Dolphins. Fins up. The RPA, Soss Gardner, jersey and autograph. Another one for Kayshawn and the Jets. A little extra sauce. Yeah, Michael, Michael, he's thinking he's got Dorel Rivas potential. We got a redemption down there and he guesses on the redemption for bragging rights. Got George Kittle to 299. Kyle Pitts to 99. Got Traylin Burks and then behind Cam Akers.  Two color patch, one out of 99. 81 out of 99. Cam Akers, I thought he would be moved for something. Six round pick or something like that, but I thought someone would take a flyer on him, but no. So I don't know, I mean, they may have just outright released him now that the trade deadline is over. Cam Akers, Rams turned down offers for Cam Akers and hope disgruntled running back will play for the team again. All right, there's Matt Corral, 21 out of 99. Panthers and it'll be for Michael P and Carolina. All right, Cam Akers help us out here. I suppose that would improve. I mean, you got to be able to talk to Cam Akers. There's a headline here from Pro Football Talk. Sean McVeigh encouraged by conversation with Cam. You got to think that it's like, hey, if you want to be trading the off-season or if you got to get on the field, you got to help yourself out. Rookie Jumbo jersey autographs. Aaron's guessing Traylin Burks. Letter, first letter is S-A-M, Samaj Pirain? No, Sam Howell. Not Samaj Pirain, it's a different era. Same team though, Jeffrey with the commanders. Final box coming up, good luck everybody. Looks like Houston just put a run on the board. They're up one nothing at the top of the fifth. They still have a basic load of no outs. A lift for that.  They're usually pretty good about that because they don't want to deal with redemption stuff. They usually want to just say, at least give you points or something like that and then have you on your way. Travis Kelsey to 2.99. I've heard some people have a little success on Twitter. Seven out of 75, Keenan Allen. Tom Brady, behind Devonta Smith. Your last few hits, there he is, Sam Howell. Sign your card, Sam. 168 out of 199, Jeffrey with the commanders. There's Tray McBride, Cardinals, 47 out of 99. Well, you do have an Instagram. I feel like it's, you know, Facebook is for the oldest. It's for the oldest. No one uses Facebook anymore. And then I think it's Twitter, then Instagram. Now, and then the kids are using TikTok and I'm sure there's something emerging right now that I wouldn't even know about. Tray McBride for Michael. Yeah, give him a call. Call Panini, 1-800-852-8833. The print's kind of small right there, but 1-800-852-8833. And the last one here, three out of 10, Matt Corral, Carolina Panthers, Michael P. There you go, with the out of 10. Nice low number there. Oh, the only reason why you have Instagram is to go on, look at this, that's, even for Matt Corral, that's not worthy of Matt Corral. Michael P. only has Instagram, so he can get personal breaks from Jaspys. At Jaspys breaks on Instagram, ladies and gentlemen, that's where our personal breaks are. ABC, always be closing. There you go, gang. I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. It's Origins' new release day. We got a half case, second half of the Pick Your Team in the store right now, jaspyscasebreaks.com, and we got the second half of the Random Team. And that first half of the Random Team, we did not see this. So we'll have to find out if these are actually one per case, or if they're even more short printed than that. I'm Joe, I'll see you next time for the next football break, bye-bye.


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2019 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box Laramie Level 1 Package is stock number 14061ZA. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fondlack, Wisconsin, you're new and used Ram and heavy duty truck headquarters. This 2019 Ram 2500 has the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine. It is paired up with the 6-speed, 68 RFE automatic transmission. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video inside, underneath, start it up, take a look under the hood, show you all the options, and just give you the most accurate representation that I can of the vehicle. The Granite Crystal Metallic is the color I shoot all my videos in 4K. If you like the video, subscribe to the YouTube channel, click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle walkarounds on YouTube and stay updated on our ever-changing and vast heavy duty truck inventory here at Summit Auto. This one comes with the 18-inch polished aluminum wheels. It has BF Goodrich All-Terrain TA KO2 tires. These are LT 27570 R18s. I'd say they have right around half the tread left on them, framing under bodies in pretty nice shape. Just a little bit of corrosion by the welds there, but nothing bad. This is a two-owner clean title history, clean car facts out of Iowa. Front fender is in excellent condition, no dents or dings on there. You get the LED headlamps, LED running lights, and LED fog lamps. I will turn all those on at the end of the video so you can see just how bright they are. You do get the front bumper parking sensors as well, and you have your engine block heater cord there. It does have one little ding on the front bumper, but that does not affect the performance of the truck. You get the chrome-trimmed grille, and the hood is in excellent shape as well. Didn't see any major dents or dings on there. Passenger side front fender is in pretty nice condition. Didn't see any dents or dings. There is one tiny little scratch right there, but nothing too bad. Passenger side front wheel is in excellent shape. Granite Crystal Metallic, one of my favorite colors on the Rams, has a lot of metal flake in it. You get some purples and some greens in that metal flake, really a good-looking color. You can see just how nice that paint is as well. Now, as you go down this side of this 2019, Ram 2500, take note of how clean the body is, and once again how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. I take these HD videos, so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises, and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video. It was helpful and that brought it to you. The back wheels in nice shape as well. Back tires have just as much tread as the front tires, maybe even a little bit more, probably 50 to 60% of the tread on those tires. Frame and underbody is in pretty nice shape. It has all the remaining factory exhaust, so it hasn't been altered in any way, and the underbody all looks pretty good. Just a little bit of corrosion on those surface welds under there as well. Lower rockers look really good, didn't see any corrosion on them and the cab corners, and it does have the nice aftermarket painted step bars. Passenger side box, no dents or dings on that, LED tail lamps coming around to the back. The rear bumper is in great shape, I didn't see any dents or dings on there. It does have the backup parking sensors. Full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring, and the tailgate is in really nice condition as well. Didn't see any major dents or dings on there. You get the shock down assist tailgate, so it's never going to slam down on you. Spray and bed liner, fifth wheel and goose neck prep package, it does have the goose neck ball in there. You get seven pin wiring, side box tie downs, and the LED bed lights back here. Spray and bed liner goes on to the tailgate, which is a pretty nice feature. That shuts nice and solidly, and as we go down to the driver side, just as clean as that passenger side, no major dents or dings on the box. And for full disclosure, this back wheel is in excellent shape as well. Down the rest of the side of the truck, cab and doors all look really good. Once again, no major dents or dings on there. It does have the heated fold up tow mirrors, blind spot monitoring, built in directional signals. They fold up like so. They also fold in like that. This one does have the 360 camera system. You also have LED side lights. Turn those on at the end of the video so you can see how bright those are as well. Take a quick look at the back seats. No major rips or tears back here. It does have the leather and suede seats. You do have the power sliding rear window with the built in rear defrost. Get the gray piping on there. You also have a load floor back here, which is really nice. You've got muddy boots or tools. Put them on there. They're seat sturdy. Or if you've got pets, put both sides down.  There are your caps for that fifth wheel and gooseneck prep package. Two USBs. Two USB C's in 115 volt, 400 watt plug-in. You get the Berber floor map back here, and in-floor storage on each side with removable bins for the easy cleaning. You can put ice and drinks in there. It's like you have too many coolers wherever you go, or if you're not in Wisconsin, just extra storage space. You do get side-current airbags on those front seats. Child safety locks on the back doors and the inside and bottoms of the doors all look fantastic. I'll show you the VIN sticker here. No previously owned in Canada trucks here. And the tire and loading information sticker.  You get the suede inserts. You get the Laramie stitched into the backrest. Gray piping on there, no rips, no tears. Both these seats are heated and cooled. Carpet floor mats up front, auto headlamps, power pedals, power windows locks and mirrors. You get the suede bolster on the door, the wood grain trim, memory driver's seat. These mirrors do power fold in. I always like showing both sides so that you know that both sides are working properly. And then you get power blind spot mirror, which is pretty cool. You can actually control that outside mirror on both mirrors, which is bigger deal on the passenger side to be able to adjust that mirror. Hop inside, check out the miles, radio and everything this one has to offer on the interior. You can see this one has 62,548 miles. You do get a digital spinometer on there on that 7-inch LCD display, outside temp display, compass display. You can change those corners to read whatever you want. And yes, we will be putting some fuel in this truck right after this video. Comes with the heated leather wrapped steering wheel, cruise controls and gear select on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. There's your shifter for that six speed 68 RFE automatic transmission, push button start, push button four wheel drive, you get the 8.4 4C radio. This one does have AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities on it.   And then you get your surround view camera here. The only thing to really disclose on this truck is that the front camera is inoperative. So everything else works except that front camera. But we do have that disclose, it's your backup camera there. You get a wide view of the back. And then I could also check out your cargo cam, which is a sweet thing. And then you can also do down the sides. I wish my truck had this particular camera system on it because you can go down the sides of the truck. So if you're backing up a camper trailer or boat, be super helpful to see down that side. And then of course your regular backup cam and you can zoom in on that receiver hitch to get hooked up to the boat camper or trailer the first time, every time. Here's your Alpine premium sound badge. And then all your other apps are on here as well. This one does have projection manager where you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. So while this one doesn't have the factory navigation system, project your phone up there with Waze or Google Maps or some other nav system, it's like you have nav right in the screen. We did a demo on Android Auto, if you want to check that out. That is in the upper right-hand part of the screen on an A4C radio. Down here your more tactile volume tune and climate controls including those heated and cooled seat buttons, your dual climate controls right there, factory brake controller, factory exhaust brake to a hall mode, front and rear parking sensors right there, you can turn those off and on. CD player, two USBs, two USB C's and an aux jack, keyless entry with remote start and power drop down tailgate. You get the dual glove boxes, passenger side, format and seat are in excellent condition and you get the speaker in the ceiling, speakers in the ceiling and the headliners in really nice condition as well. You also have map lights, power side and rear window controls and your power drop down tailgate control there. Auto dimming mirror and home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. Let's start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. Here are those LED side lights, they are very bright, working nicely. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality and condition of this truck all the way around, inside and out. All those LED lights are working nicely and under the hood we have this 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine, engine maze, very clean, runs very smooth. Once again this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. There is the emissions sticker and I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint and other than the front camera not working, this thing is in really nice shape and everything works nicely and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons, you name it, we got to go to the website right there at SummitAuto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at SummitAuto.com. If you want to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com.com.com. Click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and heavy duty truck walk-arounds on YouTube. In fact, in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left, a link to all the Ram 2500 truck videos I've ever done in the upper right, link to this vehicle on our website on the lower left, and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right, click those check us out. We're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2019 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box, Laramie Level 1 and Granite Crystal Metallic. Thank you so much for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again and have a great day.


So this week we're up in the White Mountain National Forest specifically Waterville Valley area, so we're doing various infantry mountaineering winter tasks, cold weather survivability, cold weather evacuations, ice climbing, rock climbing and then specifically here we're at Waterville Valley ski resort and we're working in conjunction with their ski patrol on various mountain rescuers with their ski patrol. We love the fact that we can share ideas and work with you guys and we have a lot of respect for everything that the National Guard does for us here in New Hampshire and across the country so to be able to have you guys come here and work with us and show you what we do and you guys show us what we do was just a great opportunity. The training that we did today with you guys was our simulated CPR, high-performance CPR training which we do on the hill, so we run through everything from initial call to care to transport packaging, hand-off to EMS and the whole thing in real time. Honestly, I love this training. I love being in the mountains. I joined Charlie Company because I wanted to be in the mountains It's a really great place if you're looking to gain some skills in mountaineering and things like that. As a medic I get to I get to really help my guys and I really like that too. I found the Guard to be very professional, just a great group of individuals to work with. They've been very engaged. Like I said, they've integrated with our patrol, great. They just seem like they're just all part of the patrol. That's really the environment we want is that hey, we're all doing this together and we're all everybody's welcome and we're one big group and family and they really kind of showed today. It was very excited.


It's all about owning the change. In our tech systems culture, it's all about striving for excellence through serving others and owning the change. And so it makes me very excited that when we get that kind of keynote resonating the same message that we imbibe culturally, that's a big win-win for all the companies.


I probably should say the same, so I'm representing my personal views and not that of the organization. And of course there's many many things to say to the presentations that have just been made and also some of the own work that I have done on governance and governance, efforts of strengthening governance in Africa. So I wanted to perhaps give you a few of those efforts that the World Bank in particular has been engaged in and perhaps also against the background that as Mamadou just ended perhaps the 90s was a particularly difficult starting point for democracy promotion in Africa because it came on the heels of structural adjustment and so very weak states and eroding state capacity and was that a good moment to try and have a democratic experiment. So of course there have been these major shifts following the end of the Cold War and there has been the rising emphasis on governance in general so going also beyond democracy assistance and the World Bank in particular and it's worth taking a look at this has very strict articles of agreement that forbid us from getting engaged on any kind of political aspects and I do a lot of political economy analysis for the World Bank and that is a real challenge for us sometimes and certainly our lawyers are very keen on what is written in the articles of agreement and they're stricter even than those of the IMF so that's really a constrained so the World Bank has deliberately in some ways not directly considered democratic governance but of course it has taken and has provided other forms of governance support and we have gone a bit through a number of the phases that I've listed there so we had a governance and anti-corruption strategy that was adopted in 2007 and as I'll show you in a moment that really coincided with a peak if you want governance assistance for strengthening institutions reforming institutions in those years and there was a lot of debate on whether to make any kind to what extent or how to make the level of assistance conditional on having good institutions so this was more from an effectiveness point of view that if you don't have strong institutions and you provide it it's less likely to be absorbed and used well so that was a key consideration but at the same time you have a lot of poor people in countries with worse institutions so that was the idea to not punish the poor twice by excluding certain countries and it's certainly something that's very topical today as we're trying to take more aid into the fragile states where governance is typically quite poor and I have worked recently on South Sudan and on Burundi and I can tell you those are the day-to-day conflicts that you deal with as well as on Zimbabwe in fact so I mentioned we have no direct link or engagement on democratic governance and then we have in parallel this growing attention to what do we do how do we engage, how do we strengthen, how do we stabilize fragile states also with the World Development Report 2011 on fragility and conflict and then since then really a growing attention to this and then of course we have the emphasis on poverty reduction which also has come about during the early 2000s so it went in parallel to this story around democracy promotion so the shift in how the World Bank and IMF operate away from structural adjustment and towards a focus on poverty reduction and then in 2013 the adoption of the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and achieving shared prosperity but what sort of remained and I think that's really striking also a little bit at this conference is that there's a bit of a silo so one silo is more the community that talks about democracy promotion and then the other silo that talks more about poverty and poverty reduction and economic growth and how you can foster that and I think there's still scope to bring those two communities closer into contact or into a closer dialogue so this is just drawn from the OECD database on aid so this is the composition of governance and civil society assistance and the orange one in the pie chart looks at the orange part how much wind is trying to reform or strengthen public sectors and then the green section is more assistance to other forms of governance and civil society in particular so that was always a bit of a minority share and this is the sort of aggregated sums over the last 20 years and then when you look at the right hand side at the bars it just shows you how strong World Bank engagement has been on this issue of public sector reforms in Africa so especially when it comes to Africa we have been a big player and with this peak that I mentioned earlier around 2007 and fluctuating since then so there isn't just some disenchantment with democracy support there's also some questioning of support to governance more broadly in public sector reforms and in a number of different ways and then the blue section is the share of the World Bank and the general support to public sector reforms and then as you can see on this chart especially if you look at the middle one one of the key issues that the World Bank has focused on was public financial management so that's really where we almost account for all of it and so that's been a particularly strong engagement much less so for other public sector governance aspects which is one of the left hand side and then you see the composition within the World Bank and I think Lisa mentioned it earlier how much support there has been to legal reform and that's the little bits of green that you see on top of the bars on the right so for us that hasn't been a particularly significant area although we do have some projects in that regard and then more recently a new emphasis on domestic resource mobilization now for one thing that we can say on the positive side is that this whole effort of strengthening public financial management has yielded some results so there's some progress the countries that are in red have moved between the sort of early PIFA assessment public expenditure and financial accountability assessments and the later ones so this only goes back about a decade a number of African countries have moved up into having stronger scores in that regard and those are some case studies that we deal with and we also have the country policy and institutional assessment ratings for how different countries perform with regards to their public financial management and these are the regional averages going back for about 14-15 years and you see that there's two regions where there's really been a strengthening and that's been sub-Saharan Africa which is circled here and the Europe and Central Asia which has also seen a significant strengthening while in other regions there's been more of a stagnation really in this regard so there's some positive story around that the problem is that that hasn't really had as strong spillover effects into other areas of governance as perhaps was initially thought so there's been a lot of justification to say well if we try to strengthen budget systems if we try to strengthen how treasuries operate there will be less leakage money's public funds will be better used and then we get a lot of spillover into overall strengthening of how governance operates but perhaps so some of the hypotheses I think that we're now looking at and trying to find the evidence for is that if we just improve financial management systems and more at the sort of central and upstream levels of what ministries of finance do and we don't improve for example as much how the civil service is managed we can't get really a full impact on improving service delivery the other striking aspect however is that of course there has been improvements in service delivery indicators in a number of countries not least because the systems have been expanded so much in many countries if you think of Uganda universal primary education if you think of Ethiopia has invested very heavily in rolling out services geographically and I think that's also one thing that speaks a little bit to this democracy agenda that while many more authoritarian leaning governments and I think really Uganda is a wonderful example while they're trying to reassert their authority and to make sure they can stick around for a third term and so on they are also paying more attention to the voters outside the capital city because the guys in the capital city mostly don't vote for the authoritarian governments they're typically a hotbed for opposition voting and so there is some attention and there's been this effort to find different ways of appealing to rural voters now there's often many problems as the systems have been expanded to various you know to sub-national levels and to more remote regions that their quality has often stayed very poor and that's widely seen as sort of the next frontier in terms of further improving service delivery and of course also shifting back from especially in some fragile states like South Sudan shifting from complete NGO almost complete NGO delivery of services especially in the health sector to a more public, more nationally provided services now I think we are at a stage where there's quite a bit of skepticism whether on governance we can really achieve more and greater impact as well as some enthusiasm for trying to do more looking at for example improving engaging more on governance in specific sectors tackling perhaps how we can strengthen civil service and how it is being managed and sort of perhaps steered also because of course that has suffered so much from politicization and patronage as well as renewed attention to domestic resource mobilization so we've recently had a new World Development Report 2017 focusing on governance in the law as a potential new start the previous World Development Report that had focused on anything related to institutions really in depth was in 1997 so that was quite a while ago so 20 years so there is this question of are we trying to make a new start just to flag so this was the issue that we have not really had as much spillover to other aspects of governance from this engagement on specific areas so even if we've managed to improve public financial management to some extent there is the voice in accountability which is more the democratic aspects where there has been barely any change on average in the Africa region and then if we also if we look at government effectiveness that has pretty much stayed the same or even slightly declined and so for regulatory quality so those are some of the continuing challenges and perhaps just to conclude I mean I've recently worked a lot on Ethiopia so it's never the last day as we started off with the Fukuyama quote Ethiopia has of course imitated or sought to follow the Chinese model of a developmental state or the Asian model of a developmental state and it's done that somewhat with some effectiveness it's certainly built far more infrastructure than many other African countries and it's done so with a lot of Chinese engagement and contracts if you go to Addis Ababa then there was over the last two years a lot of protests coming from especially the surrounding regions from the largest region in Ethiopia and that's recently led to a change it's triggered a change in government and an opening up especially in the economic sphere but to some extent also in the political sphere and it's still the jury of course of how far that will go is still very much out but perhaps Ethiopia's prospects of maintaining a somewhat more liberal state and an effective state might be better now from what it's achieved so far than they were in the early 90s when the current party first came to power but it also shows of course how challenging that is there are many opponents within there's different groups there's different ethnic groups also that continue to be quite cautious and to challenge even this new government while there was a collective sigh of relief certainly that you could feed in our office among the local colleagues now we can say more freely what it is that we think and we can have a more open debate and that's really critically important and I also have been working in recent months in Zimbabwe and again that's an interesting story of trying to change things and make a new election happen but you can also still then immediately after the election there was still some violence and the regime has certainly not been truly willing to give up power but is also trying to attract new investment and trying to make the case that things are good enough for debt relief which the country badly needs so it's never sort of the end of the story it continues to be very much an evolving story with a lot of concern that unless we manage to I think have some improvements in how governance works no kind of regime is really going to be able to bring sustainable development so that's the sort of it's at least a triangle of challenges that's always there between improving how politics and improving the space for debate making sure the state functions and keeping these forces of corruption or bringing that under control that really really plague a lot of development efforts in many countries thank you


Hello, everybody. This is Jesus. I am the Christ, the Second Coming, the one and only return of here at my office today in Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii. You'd think if Jesus came back, I would have got a notification or something.


This study found that both Paganum-Harmala seed and Tamsilocin can reduce the size of kidney stones and the number of stones present in the urinary tract. However, the pain experienced by the patients was reduced more significantly by Paganum-Harmala. This article was authored by Nahid Shakri, Sidralla Marabi Sisakht, Amir Marabi, and others.


Yo, what's good everybody? We have a mic mic. We're back with some TikTok reactions. Scary TikToks. Go, I found some weird ones. So this is watching them. They're always weird. This is me disappointed by watching this. Oh, bro, this is the video that they sent us in the dark web, bro. It's all true. It's all true. It's by who? Realistic Gaming. Oh wait, that's us. I didn't know that was our video. Hey, bro. Don't you remember the sentences? Oh, dang, bro. Where is he at right there? Oh, dude, that's over there in, um, over there in Idaho, bro. Who is that dude, bro? I don't know. Stop! Oh, Mickey. So I found this. I didn't watch it. So I don't know who's going on. How many of you put in the walls, Mickey? How many of you hit and run me? Wait, what? Whoa. There's Minnie's in the wall? This is insane. You can't do that. She's pregnant, huh? I think she was pregnant. Or she just ate a lot. I have no idea. I'm just trying to get into watching a movie about a black guy and I can't trust you. What? I'm doing what I want. Okay, damn, Mickey. There's a lot of rats. Oh, is he eating them? What the heck? He's eating the babies alive. Oh, but what's happening? That's coming from your blood canal. It wants to get out. What? Yo, though, this Mickey is crazy, bro. Oh, what happened? What do you want, man? What you got? Oh, dude, it's a Pokemon from Mr. L. It's a black star hero in Holmes. Whoa. Charmander, bro, chill. What's wrong with your friends, man? Is that bioplu? Is that a bag of muck? Yeah. It's going to be out for hours. Oh, he got that muck on there. I'm more of an old-school kind of guy. Real OG. Now, are you going to give me my heroin and berries or not? Whoa. Don't do that at home, kids.  Something funny, man? I suppose there's a cholozard as well. A cholozard? What? No. That sounds stupid, man. It's Charicholo. Oh, wow. Cool. Who are your friends over there? Oh, the ladies. The ladies. What do you see? Dude. How much for the skinny one? What? That one is extra, man. She my girlfriend. Look at that. I paid triple. She noticed how much he puts his lips where. I don't know. Oh, what? She kept playing with them and made this video. It looks like leather, dude. It looks like a mask. Oh. Oh. What was going on? What? I think so. Look at that. Oh, what the? Kind of looks like Mark Zuckerberg. It does. It's going to look like a little one. I don't know why. I got the chills, dude. It's a national emergency and off to the states. Skinwalkers have been... Oh, skinwalkers. Wait, is that the horse from earlier? Oh, that's horse. That is a horse. So it's a skinwalker, man. It's not found for the drag. It might appear as a horse, but... Dude, is that Bojack Horseman? You ever seen that show? No, I've never seen it. I know what it's like, but... That was random. He was dressed like a mechanic. You had a mechanic for that? Knuckles? This is dope. So apparently the Knuckles thing is a TV show. I thought it was a movie. Yeah, it is a show. Oh, okay. Bridge, Iron and Stone. Imagine if we were able to run as fast as Sonic. That would be insane. That would be crazy, bro. I mean, it would be pretty cool because... We wouldn't be stuck in traffic. Yeah, we wouldn't need cars or anything. I would just be running out there, bro. I'd be like, I'll be right back. Just take off running. I am Jane. I am dying. You've got more in front of kids who are living. This guy's name is Eggman. Excuse me? Yeah, yeah, there you go. Give it time. Give it time. I don't know. Sonic's very fast and most of the time people kind of understand. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. People, like, when you're talking and they can't understand... Yeah, and they're like, what did you just say? Like, what? And, like, you react to old videos and it starts laughing. What? Fallen out. Caller kick deal. I'm never going to pay the way. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court. Big Court.  What is that. Alright, I'm just getting 2 real, man. This really happened to him too. I heard this is, like, the true story. Rango Alex. Oh Wow! Pokemon against Power world.  Don't know if you catch him, do you catch all his Pokemon too? Yeah, man, if you're going to go after Pokemon, you've got to get ass-catch them, man. That's a legendary. Poor ass, man. He's in the straw. He's in the straw. He never made it.  I'm not going to lie. That was a pretty cool rap battle. SSJK, real pound foot is strange animals. Where is that like a rhinoceros pig? Different pow-wheels, bro. Oh, what the... Nah, that's a skinwalker right there. Hey, yo! What's on his face? Nah, that's definitely weird, bro. Is that normal? He stinks a little dirty, man. Having a temper tantrum. Oh, I think it's a bird. But it sounds like a kid. Like a carrot or something? He's like a parrot, I think. He's got to be right? Yeah, he's like green right there. But he went to a school and then I think they ended up calling the cops because they thought he had a kid. And the kids... Yeah, man. That bird could get you in a lot of trouble. Wait, what? Is that Mrs. Tumnus? Aw, she's dead, bro. For sure they're going to capture her and cook her up for some food later on. Oh, Hank Hill. Hank Hill, speaking. Wait, what multiverse is this? Yes, sir. What can I do you for? I'm looking to order 50 propane tanks for Barbie Co. I'm hosting. Do you think you could do that? I wouldn't trust Bart with 50 bar tanks. Of course, sir. Could I get the name for the order? What's his name? Can these nuts fit in your mouth? I got it. He would fall for it too. Oh man, come on, Hank Hill. Such a boomer, man. Bro, this is the video that they sent us to do. Oh, yeah, that was the Sonic one, huh? Hey, remember? I mean, I still feel weird about that. Hey, bro, you turned into Sonic, bro. You got possessed and everything, bro. I was slow. I looked like him. Why didn't he really even look like him? But I didn't get his speed. It was bootleg Sonic. Yeah, it was super bootleg. I was extra slow for some reason. All right, you guys, we have it. Some of the most random, weird, scary TikToks. And yeah, thank you all for watching. If you want to say anything, bro. Make sure you guys subscribe, comment, like and share. Please, we're trying to rebuild this channel back to its glory days. We might have to throw some hands in there too. Like the realistic Minecraft and all that. We thought about it, man. But we just haven't executed it. But for now, just go and like and subscribe and comment. It always helps out. All right, peace out, guys. Peace.


Hey there, Psych2Goers! Welcome or welcome back to our channel. Did you know every small, everyday act makes a huge impact on your lifeline? Curious to know which daily habits can be altered to live a healthier lifestyle? Well, you're in the right spot. Here are 6 habits that may kill you. 1. Complaining Complaining is the nemesis of joy. Have you ever heard this phrase before? There's nothing wrong with being dissatisfied, particularly if it motivates you to develop and challenge yourself. On the other hand, chronic complaints without intervention, breed negative thoughts, pessimism and hopelessness. Reinforcing a feeling of powerlessness in the face of anger draining your energy. It only serves as a constant source of discouragement for you as well as others surrounding you. As a result, you may develop an apathetic attitude that saps the joy from your life and leads to something much worse. 2. Taking vitamins or supplements unnecessarily Yes, your body does need nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, but that doesn't mean that one should use health supplements in one's diet, unless of course, a physician prescribes it. That's because most of the body's nutritional requirements are fulfilled by the food you consume daily, given it's balanced eating. However, with vitamin supplements being all the rage, you can unwittingly consume them without understanding the potential side effects. The reality is that taking supplements without a need for them disrupts the body's working, causing more harm than good. It's highly crucial that you use supplements only when prescribed by your physician. Jumping on the bandwagon is highly risky where health is concerned. It's always prudent to get professional advice. 3. Eating without being hungry and overeating Overeating is almost as bad as missing essential meals during the day. Do you have the habit of eating while watching or reading something? It's an act after your own heart, isn't it? But the downside is it usually causes one to overeat, leading to obesity and many other health problems, such as bloating, extra body fat, and a higher risk of certain diseases. But the good news is you can steer clear of all of this when you reduce portion sizes, consume less processed foods, and concentrate on whole foods to avoid overeating. If you like, a dietitian can help you develop an eating plan that will benefit your long-term health. 4. Drinking coffee first thing in the morning Is the aroma of coffee your best alarm? You might consider it your daily dose of encouragement, but it's also a huge health risk when consumed first thing in the morning. Uh-oh. Your body tends to dehydrate while you're asleep. Coffee only exacerbates the issue and dehydrates you even more. To put it lightly, it leaves an empty stomach acidic and slouching. Yikes. Coffee also increases blood pressure and heart rate. And if it contains sugar, the blood sugar levels will increase as well. And not to forget the caffeine. According to Healthline, caffeine overdoses may exacerbate anxiety and may even be fatal. 5. Your posture goes unchecked Right at this very moment. Are you slouching? Gotcha. Low-key me too. But studies from Harvard University show that muscle strength affects balance in several ways. The core muscles of the back, side, pelvis, and buttocks form a sturdy central link between your upper and lower body. Weak core muscles encourage slumping, which tips your body forward and thus off balance. Dr. Renee Callier, former director of the University of Southern California's Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, mentioned in an interview that hunching over too much can reduce lung capacity up to 30%. When you stand up straight, you'll notice how much easier it is to breathe. Exercises that create strength where it matters and stretches that relax type muscles are used in balance-specific exercises to fix posture and balance issues. Working on enhancing your core strength and flexibility will help you improve your posture in just a few weeks. 6. Sitting for long hours with no exercise Does your work keep you glued to your desk 8-10 hours a day? Sometimes even more? According to research conducted by the National Center of Biotechnology Information, obesity, heart disease, elevated cholesterol levels, diabetes, stress, and other health issues have been related to long periods of sitting and a lack of exercise. And women sitting for long hours are related to coronary heart disease, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and many other feminine problems. Incorporating walking or any other form of exercise into your daily routine can help eliminate any risks. Do you have any of these habits? If so, do you think this video helped you recognize them? Feel free to leave a comment down below with your thoughts, experiences, or suggestions. If you found this video helpful, be sure to hit the like button and share it with those out there practicing these don'ts. Don't forget to subscribe and hit the notification bell for more new videos. And as always, thanks for watching.