So it's working out, okay, and right now I'm farming we're doing the event So I need some decorations.  All right, we're gonna switch it up go to the harder one now.  It's harder. It's still fun All the blast nuts, okay, I Got to do my my tail writer thing and then we'll be ready Okay, I can't forget about piggy. I keep forgetting about the piggy He hates me now He used to love me But he pulled a Janet Jackson. He was like, what have you done for me lately? Oh He used to be all that But what has he done for you lately? Dun dun Dun dun dun there's piggy. He will love me again. Okay Let's reload. I'm using my hammer layout for it because I don't I'm lazy Okay, so This one is going to be the snow and cherry.  I Might get some good what you call us from it, too Decorations You have to kill two dudes I've already done this before but I was with the bow. I had the bow Keep in mind. I'm using a weapon. I've never used before. That's why I'm like I'm not able to hold my own in groups anymore Like I'm doing a lot of blocking more than anything Whereas before I was able to carry myself a little bit better It's more investigations man. I really wish I should have brought some armor potions. I don't have any more made You go back down. He did He went back down. Where's he going? There he goes. He's going back down Crap, I think I still have the what color? I have the bandit mantle. I was blocking. Let's get helping on the flash train here Flash spots equip. All right, and then good job. That's one pink rathian. So we need to go to Up here How I go up level all right is it okay? I'm gonna go here. Hey minus. How you doing, dude? I am learning of the gun blade or the gun lance I got on the bandit. Man. We traveling you come to snatch up those HR points Get in here. I think I'm gonna farm this instead of the um I Don't know man. I'm just having the worst success with the the decoration one I'm just gonna farm this one for decorations And plus the temperate so I can get some more investigations while I'm here Speaking of which am I going through the right monster? I'm not Going the wrong way. Stupid flies will lead me to the sleep monster again Even though I switched targets Told you this like this guy Whatever I'm on my way Hello See I rely too heavily on a scout fly sometimes and when they bug out I get lost That's my fault. I gotta get better at mapping So minus did you you're gonna pre-order you already pre-ordered you already told me that yeah, you pre-ordered generations It comes out at midnight, right? Somebody died Flash Wow, I just got here He smells bloodshot I'm poisoned to big time and minus disconnected fell asleep. I could stab his face dude Just like I had to reset the session which bank lines be okay, hooray That was almost a full level look at that Holy crap, that's so much HR man That's almost a full level per run All right, I got to reset the session so be prepared to get kicked if you're in this one Yeah, a little bit. Could you all make me a plate? Of stuff What? Yeah, I have the hungers All right new session There we go Piggy, I made 50k from the shinies we got through an arena vent quest. Oh, you were selling them cool I wouldn't I haven't been selling anything because chat always gets on me Don't sell that you could use that for that. I'm like, okay. I won't sell it and they just sit there I don't know what to do with them. I know you can use the gems from melding, but that's about it I know I think pig is missing Those golden ones are meant to be sold really There he is Yep, he's jumping again The only one heart. Oh trading items. I think I already did that today I'll do it again. Okay Apparently I got some more. Okay, you guys ready? I Can see if anybody join or not Yeah, I eat something like breakfast lunch at dinner and everything. I really like I like both of these man It's no cherry and triple-thread. I like both of them. I like them both Let me know if you guys can't join the session and I'll just I'll Restart the game. We're gonna do that same quest again for all that delicious HR Okay, no problem. You can just do it Like a SOS The thicker your beer gets the more it like food it holds I gotta be careful Have a beer full of spaghetti. I saw a thread on Reddit today They say they were triggered because They order a veggie plate and it looks like a meat plate. It's kind of hilarious. Yeah, they give me some more investigations What's up?  I'm gonna just go all the way back down now Yay investigation at it and there he goes. He's going back Drives me nuts. I definitely use that use that Y dash as a closer like this. Yeah That's good. Yeah, I don't use that combo that much They use that more please sir, I Just want to flash by Get down, please. I Shoot it. Oh equip it, please. Oh my gosh.  He gets on my nerves boy or what? What's down? I'm getting the hang of it that was who I was what's called us right there


International Migration is present across the 2030 agenda, with SDG targets covering topics from remittances to migration governance. There is now a need to track progress towards meeting various migration-related SDG targets. The SDG's motto is to leave no one behind, and this also means there's a need to identify migrant groups within SDG indicators. This can only be done with high-quality migration data. As monitoring and reporting of the SDG's are country-owned processes, there's a need for capacity-building efforts on migration data at the national level. The workshops we carry out at IOM aim to help governments around the world improve the way they collect data to monitor migration topics in the context of the SDG's. The workshops help governments make sense of the SDG follow-up and review mechanisms and how to apply these to their national contexts. For example, we share tools to help countries carry out a migration data mapping exercise to see what data is already available to them to use for SDG indicators and to see what indicators they can use. We also share technical advice on how to disaggregate data by migratory status to help governments understand how migrants are faring and compendium non-migrants in health, education and other areas.


Hi, this is Chizu again. Now what I'm going to be doing is loading up a bunch of videos related to comic books and creating a playlist especially for comic books. And what I wanted to do is to give you heads up as to what the videos are that are coming and what some of the videos might be in the future that will be loaded on, right? Now in regards to comic books, I've been a collector for 25 plus years now. I've even had a little stint as a publisher and I've even done finishes on pages before the comics went to print. So comic books have been a pretty big part of my life. I've got a nice comic book collection and I've spent many, many, many moons, many hours reading comic books and thoroughly immersing myself into their universe, right? So I figured I'd share some of that joy with you, right? I'd share some of my collection and whatever I know of comic books as much as I can anyway. And the reason this idea, the way this concept came to me was because I needed to make an introductory series for economics, for the language of mathematics and math in real life. And one thing I wanted to do was just talk about some of the basics, right? You know, graphing, price fluctuations, short-term, long-term, investing and so on and so forth, right? And I figured, and I have figured basically the best way to go about this is do a little introductory series on the economics of comics. And this is going to be coming, you know, we're going to put this together once we've got enough material for the syntax of the language of mathematics to be able to apply it in the real world, right? Now until we get to that point, what I wanted to do is get the ball rolling on this. So I've put together some videos that are being loaded on YouTube and there will be future videos coming on as well. The first six videos or six of the videos, they're going to be loaded on random, six of the videos right now are going to be sitting down with me and doing readings. We're going to look at six anthologies and we're going to pick a story, basically one story usually for five of them anyway. We're going to pick one story from each and read them and that will give you an idea of the range of comic books, at least a little bit anyway that we have. Now three of the anthologies that I'm loading on are from the late golden age or golden age and early silver age. And three of the anthologies are from the late Bronze age to early silver age from the 1980s and 90s. Okay, as for what they are, we're going to be reading Jingle Jingle number 18 from 1945. We're going to be reading Mystic number six from 1952. We're going to be reading Jackie Gleason and the Honeymooners number 12 from 1958. Okay, as for the more modern comics or Bronze age, we're going to be reading Primer number two and Primer number five, the first appearance of Grendel and the first appearance of the Max. And we're going to be reading Creatures of the Id, which is the first appearance of Mad Man, which are basically the last three or through the most important characters created through independent publishing in the last, well in comic book history, really, there's three of the major characters that have been introduced independently in the comic book realm. Okay, and three of these books are behind me right now. That's Primer number two, that's Primer number five and this Mystic number six, the reflection you see on the glass. So those are six of the readings that we're doing for the anthologies. There's also going to be three videos coming, being loaded on how I frame comic books and I got my hands on some frames and I decided to rotate some of the comic books I had in the frames and two of the frames anyway. So I ended up, you know, I figured it might as well video it and share it with you guys. One of them is we framed Daredevil number one. Okay, and that's the first appearance of Daredevil from 1964, I think. And then we ended up framing Primer number two and Primer number five and ended up framing Mystic number six and the other one is 1945 comic. Which is Punch Comics number 14. Okay, now two of the videos have me commenting and having a little commentary going. I couldn't stop talking for some reason. And one of the video framings is just framing without commentary. Okay, so those are the videos that are going to be loaded up in this first batch. And there will be future videos coming regarding comic books. Maybe doing more readings, I might decide to rotate the comics through again.  But those guys EC comics I absolutely love. So I like looking at those, but I might pull those out. And I think most of them are anthologies. So I might have a read through a couple of stories from each or one story from each. Okay, one more thing I wanted to mention is regarding the readings. Now, I usually don't read out loud. I'm a slow reader. Sometimes I read words backwards. Sometimes I read words that aren't there. Okay, when I read comic books, I read and then there might be major pauses because I read a little and I look at the imagery and then I go back to where I'm reading or pick up a little bit earlier to let the information sink in, right? So, I'm not the best reader in the world. And I'm gonna make a lot of mistakes. So please be patient if I'm not being very accurate in my reading and you find mistakes. This is sort of new to me. I don't read out loud, but I really wanted to share the beauty of comic books with you and figured I'd produce some of these videos. But hopefully, just like anything, I will improve with time and become more accurate in what I'm reading and how I'm presenting these comics to you. Okay, and that's about it. I hope you enjoy those videos and any of you that are interested in taking a look at some of the comics I have on my collection, I went through some long boxes and pulled some stacks there behind me. And I took three of the short boxes that I have in my collection and brought them out here. And we'll take a look at some of the comics I have on my collection in the next video and hopefully you do enjoy. And for those of you that are following me, that are subscribed to my channel for the ASMR videos, almost all these videos have a serious ASMR slap to them. And I hope you enjoy it. Okay, I'll see you guys in the next video. Bye for now.


Yeah, so in the fall we played a play day at York, we played Eastern and Catholic and York to finish. We had a pretty good offensive showing as well as defensive showing. Pitching was about average and that's what we expected. We had an injury at the end of that fall ball day, but we figured that our pitchers would be the ones that in the fall started off slower and then we're able to build strength leading into our games this upcoming weekend, our first games at Wesley, but the pitchers have really, really made some progress, both miles per hour, spins, location, confidence, mobility, flexibility, all of the things with assistant coach Larry, who has been working with our pitchers, they've really been able to make some strides. We can see it physically in them as well as kind of their approach in a bullpen and approach in an inner squad. On the pitching side, on the offensive side, we have added some slappers to our lineup, our upper classmen and our middle classes will really come back with more power and hitting the ball with more authority on the inner half as well as the outer. With team building, we've done a really great job of focusing on supporting one another. We did a team rock climbing trip and that was a lot of fun and what I've been trying to tell them is don't be afraid to fail, we're going to fail your sport, you're probably going to fail at some point. How do we react to that? How do we move forward as a team? I think that we're going to be a little bit more of a rowdy team, we're going to hear us cheering, it's going to be a loud game and I think that will translate onto the field. I think our bats are going to be really loud this year. I think our pitching is going to do a great job and I think that we're going to show a little bit more speed with balance of that power which makes it a little bit more exciting, a little more fun for the viewer.


Kattu-Herders react to the ban on open grazing in southern Nigeria with various media reporting different things. On the breakfast this morning, we'll be talking to the National Secretary, the Mietyala Kattu Breeders Association of Nigeria, to get a national perspective. And which side will Nigeria support when there will be new violence between Israel and Palestine? Turkey wants Nigeria to back Palestine, but we have so far chosen to remain neutral. We'll be talking about this. Also coming up, Asissa Tushola becomes the first African to win the UEFA Women's Champions League. That's a first on our top trending stories this morning. Glad to have you here on The Breakfast this beautiful Monday morning. Thank you for joining us and for waking up with us. We hope you had a beautiful weekend. Good morning. Good morning Aneta. Yes, good morning and good morning to you. Thank you very much for making joining us this morning on The Breakfast. Today is a beautiful day, the 7th of May. The month is slowly coming to a wrap, isn't it? We might as well just start looking forward to June actually. We have barely two weeks to say goodbye to the month of May. June, you know, start preparing yourself for the second quarter of the year already. It's almost over. But hey, we have a week to go and of course to lead you through on The Breakfast. So let's get into some of the major stories making headlines across Nigeria today. The top trending stories that we're talking about today. Congratulations. So there's many, many, many things I would like to say about this whole Asasatra Oshola celebration. So first of all, congratulations to her. She's the first African to win the UEFA Champions League, female UEFA Champions League. But at the same time, you know, it's also a good opportunity to laugh at Chelsea one more time. Barcelona, of course, beat Chelsea 4-0 to lift the trophy for the weekend. And we're celebrating with Asasatra, but at the same time also laughing a little bit at Chelsea this morning. She, of course, who was just recovering from injury was a second half substitute and has been tipped to be named African player of the year for a record fifth time. Wow. Yeah. She's the definition of goals. When we talk about goals, Asasatra Oshola is somebody she's definitely local for. And it doesn't matter. I mean, you don't have to be in football. It doesn't matter what field you're in. The fact that we were seeing a young African, a young Nigerian female thriving. I think that's just enough goal. You should put pictures of Asasatra Oshola on your mirror every morning and say, I want to attain the level of success that just someone has in her field. And this is what happens when you give people the support and the freedom to actually pursue her dreams. I was thinking to myself this morning that imagine if she never had supportive parents or if she never had people who told her, yes, you love sports. You can actually take this to the next level. Imagine if she didn't have that support system. Where would she be today? Maybe somewhere else doing something very unfulfilling, grumbling about it every day and wishing her life was better. So that's why it's fantastic to pursue your dreams. And it reminds me of the quotes that says, when you make your passion, your profession, you never get to work a day in your life. So it's also important that the passion pays you. And of course, a story coming from a local league here in Nigeria to play for one of the biggest football clubs in the world and getting all the way to becoming not just a league winner with Barcelona, but also a champions league winner with Barcelona. She's playing among some of the bests. She is on the highest level that you can imagine for a female footballer currently. There's others who are also playing international football across the world. But her story is something that everyone tries to relate with and of course can, would always want to celebrate because of the milestone that she has reached. Yes. And she's still pretty young. There's still a lot more trophies that she can win. There's still a lot more of these goals and targets that she can hit. I hope that she does get named African football of the year, female African football of the year. And we wish her a whole lot more success. Talking about milestones, let me just reel out a few for you. As Seeta Tuala, like we mentioned, she's won the UEFA Champions League the first African to do so 2021. She won the 2015 BBC Women's Footballer of the Year. As Seeta was four times African women's footballer of the year, 2014 African Women's Championship Golden Ball, 2016 AWC Golden Ball, 2017 Chinese Women's Super League Top Scorer. She was named IFFHS, Cat's Best Woman Player of the Decades 2011 to 2020. 2014 African Women's Youth Player of the Year. As Seeta Tuala won the Golden Boots Golden Ball at 2014. She just breaks record everywhere and that's what Nigerians do. We break records everywhere. And talking also about Nigerians in sports, you know, our next conversation concerning football. Yes, let's now move from female to male football. Where two Nigerians, Wolfred Indidi and Kelechi Ihanacho, were on the English FA Cup winning side at the weekend. The club, Leicester City, defeated Chelsea again. One nail to lift the trophy. I can hear so many people kissing in the studio. But anyway, that's not the story this morning. The story is that Kenyans are claiming Indidi. And we started with a tweet from a Kenyan. That's what you're seeing on your screen right now. The tweet says Wolfred Indidi becomes the first Kenyan to win the FA Cup with a Kenyan flag saying congratulations. Now, you don't realise how funny this is until you actually see that people are taking this very seriously.  He's from a tribe.  And you can guess how much they're claiming Indidi. Someone say, oh, he's my lost long cousin and this and that. Now, just imagine how far they took this joke. Somebody went onto Wikipedia and actually edited the Wikipedia page of Wolfred Indidi. It now reads, Oninye Wolfred Indidi is a Nigerian, I beg your pardon, he actually read, is a Nigerian football player. But guess what, they went to edit it and his Wikipedia page now reads, Oninye Wolfred Indidi is a Kenyan professional player who plays for the Premier League club Leicester City and they put an indigenous Kenyan football club that he plays allegedly place for. I mean, that's what you see right there on your screen. I don't know if that's pronounced as Kiamiko national team where he's a Kenyan footballer as far as Kenyan Twitter is concerned. And someone also tweeted that FIFA stole a Wolfred Indidi from them. He's originally a Kenyan. Da, da, da, da. I don't know what you think about this. Like, well, I'll just encourage you let us know your thoughts on Twitter.  And at the same time, just a little banter, although some people didn't understand that it was just jokes at first, you know, and they started going at each other, but it was all just banter.  He's for us. It was just, it was a good way to wrap up the, you know, celebration of Kelechi Anacho and Wilfred Indidi. Beating Chelsea once again, another opportunity to laugh at Chelsea.  Taking easy with it.  There's gonna be another opportunity to laugh at Chelsea on the 29th of May when they beat them again on the Champions League, but we'll wait till then. For now, it's just a rough day. Don't put this Chelsea joke too far. Please, I beg you. All right, so that's all kind of the wrap on, on the top trending today. Great news about a sister at Oshawa. Become the first African to win the UEFA. I am laughing because our videographer here is all about Chelsea and all the bands that Sarah is doing at him. If you're a Chelsea fan, my sincere condolences, you can always change your course. How do you lose twice in a weekend? God, God can do it. There's nothing God cannot do anyway. Take a break here and join me next week color-ally on Off The Press.


Just got my teeth clean and I found out that I have no cavities and only thing they really recommend is that I floss a little bit more which isn't the biggest still ever and I'm gonna make sure I floss more before it becomes a big deal. I want to address some of the stereotypes about software development and engineering. People think that it is a solitary field. Hey Josh you going to stand a meeting? Why would I go to that? Right. Regardless of what people say software engineering is not a solitary job field. What you just saw is not okay and if you want to be that person who just is at their desk working eight hours without talking to anyone you won't be successful in this industry. But if you do like talking to people and you do like solving problems together this is a perfect feel for you.  I'm kind of rambling right now I really just need to find something to eat. Can I like create my own sandwich? Do you all have any chicken salad right now? I do YouTube so yeah just vlogging and stuff. I got to get my channel together. Oh yeah that'd be sweet. Oh nice, yeah. You a problem solver this is such an important skill to have as a software engineer because you're literally solving problems all the time that's literally your job is to solve problems. You don't always have the answers online or in a book. A is the father of B but B is not the son of A. That of course is a small example but if you like the challenge of trying to prove or solve things that haven't been proved or solved before this is definitely the feel for you. Hacked. Honestly I'm so sick and tired of seeing movies where they have a software engineer or a programmer and like the world's gonna end in like five milliseconds and they write up a program to stop the world from ending that's just not how it works. So if you have a logical mindset and you like boiling complex problems into smaller integral parts based off of research and technical knowledge this is for you. So if you make decisions based on emotions you're out of here. Sharp attention to detail is important because if you're writing a bunch of bugs in your code that leads to customer complaints which leads to loss in revenue. Last but not least you're gonna have a dedication you're gonna have to have a dedication to learning. This isn't one of those jobs where you learn it once and then you don't have to learn it again. No software is changing all the time. With that being said if you are dedicated to learning you love working with others you have a technical mindset you love solving problems you pay attention to detail can you like making money. I think this is for you. Don't forget to smash that subscribe button give this video a thumbs up comment below your thoughts on software engineering or development or if you have any questions I'll let you boy. On that note I'm gonna say see you later peace have a blessed day I will see you all later on this week. No I know what you're thinking I'm not about to go write any code it's the weekend I'm about to go play basketball with the homie.


Let's start up. Good afternoon, everybody. I'm Daniel Klein. Welcome to this event on economists on the welfare state and the regulatory state. There are two handouts that might be useful if you don't have those. Does anyone have the two handouts? Who needs one of the two handouts? Maybe, yeah, that's great, Bethany, if you can help with that. So I'm an econ prof and the gym chair at the Mercatus Center at GMU. And I'm delighted to have this opportunity, the partnership of Mercatus for today, of Claire Morgan in particular. I thank them for their ongoing support and friendship. In particular, they co-sponsored the symposium on this title, published an econ journal watch of which I am the editor. And of course, they've been doing this for us today. And thank you to you for coming out today. I'm glad you're here. Mercatus, for those of you who don't know, is a university-based research center. It advances knowledge about how markets work to improve people's lives by training graduate students, some of whom are here, conducting research and applying economics to offer solutions to society's most pressing problems. So I have a PowerPoint, and one of the handouts has all the slides for your convenience. Why don't any argue in favor of one and against the other? That's the essential question of the symposium and of the event today. Let's start with a thought experiment. Suppose you see an economist get up on TV or in a classroom, economist you're not familiar with, and let's say favor increases in Medicare, or increases in public school funding. My guess is that you would, in the back of your mind, if only in the back of your mind, guess that that economist also is friendly to market interventions, the regulatory state, such as it exists. I think you would expect that pattern. And likewise, if you just heard this economist you're seeing for the first time oppose the welfare state, I think you would expect that that economist probably also leans against the regulatory state. I just think that's actually built into our interpretation of the culture. Now, these positions on the welfare state and the regulatory state, I want you to think of that in terms of directions from the status quo. We normalize the status quo to be the 50-yard line on the football field, as it were. And what we're talking about are people leading this way towards a greater governmentalization of social affairs or this way toward less governmentalization of social affairs. The issue I'm talking about today, the evidence for today, is about these directions. It's not claims about people's ideal destinations. It's not about the end zone of the football field. It's about which way they want to go from the status quo. And our thought experiment, I think, conforms to what we might think of as customary camps of prominent economists. These are mostly Americans except for Hayek, 20th century economists who have passed away. Hayek, Friedman, Buchanan, Becker, all certainly favorable towards liberalizing regulations, reducing interventions. And I would say from the status quo, certainly not leaning in favor of more welfare state and tending even to favor reductions in the welfare state. Then Samuelson, Galbraith, Robert Heilbroner, Robert LeCochman, they go in the other direction on both dimensions, in both dimensions. And if you take prominent economists who are vocal today, here's some names that I put together rather haphazardly. Again, I think they sort themselves into these two basic camps, the liberal camp. And I use that term in the original political sense of the term. And a more left-leaning camp, liberal and left. And so it's really quite all around us. Now, we can conceptualize this a little further if we actually think spatially. So on the welfare state along the horizontal, you can think of well, being generally pro, neutral, or anti. And then there's the regulatory state to mention, pro, neutral, and anti. And you might sort of, if someone from Mars who didn't know anything about our culture might figure that economists populate this whole field, and you find economists in all those cells. But as we've already discussed, in fact, we think of them as generally actually tending towards the diagonal, or even the corners. The most extreme kind of configuration would be if they were only in those shaded areas. But I think really we find them also sometimes neutral, or just silent on many issues. So I'm certainly not denying that. In fact, I'm not denying that they're neutral on some while positive or anti on the other dimension. So we're going to look at data, and actually it looks kind of like that. But still, there's a question here. There's a big question here. Why don't we find folks in those two, pro-anti, anti-pro corners? Okay, now before I elaborate that, I just want to talk about some data. We have surveys of economics professors. This is one that I was involved in. And here's one of your handouts with the 17 policy questions might be of interest. We ask these 17 policy questions all in the format of positing a regulation, such as higher minimum wages, where it's about increases in the regulation or governmentalization, and then five options from strongly support to strongly oppose. And that was the format for all 17. Now of these, first of all, I want to drop out the military question, the last one entirely. I want to use the three at the end then to form a welfare state variable. That's the questions, more redistribution, more funding of the public school system, more benefits and coverage by Medicaid. Now if you take those and compare that to the other 13 that are here, and call those restriction, because those would be all different kinds of restriction, you see that the data looks like this. This is actually the scatter plot of the respondents of the survey. So this here is Bill, right? And this was his welfare state score, and this was his score on this 13 part restriction variable. And as you can see, it kind of fits what we're saying. We have this upward sloping regression line. We have a lot of concentration down here with strong support for the welfare state with some neutral or support for the regulatory state, and then it goes up to the other corner, the more liberal corner of opposing both. We see most importantly the two empty areas. We do not find people opposing one and favoring the other. This is 299 economics professors surveyed at random. And I just want to show you another picture where on the vertical axis, I dropped out prostitution, gambling, immigration, abortion, and hard drugs, leaving eight more business regulation type questions. Minimum wages, import restrictions, permitting of new pharmaceuticals, restrictions on discrimination by private parties, restrictions and buying and selling organs, human organs, tighter workplace safety, tighter air quality and water quality regulation, and occupational licensing. So these are regulations of recognized legitimate businesses as opposed to say things like the drug prohibition, which you might not think of as really the regulatory state. And here we have an even higher upward slope. We have a somewhat tighter fit. So this may be best shows. What it is I feel cries out for explanation. Let me elaborate why I think so. Oh, no, I want to tell you about two more studies that actually also is one of the problems with not having presenters view for the file. I don't exactly know what slides coming next, but so this one, in the most recent EJW, we have two papers and Ryan Daza is the co-author of one of them. We have two papers that look at the top 200 econ blogs. On these two issues, which have received a great deal of attention, they've been hot in the news in the last two years. The first because it's charter expired and there's been wrangling and battling over whether to renew it. And the second because Uber and Lyft are revolutionizing transit and wreaking havoc, really. On the traditional taxi cartels and monopolies. And so these are very hot topics that bloggers have talked about, at least some bloggers. For example, Donald Boudreau, who's blogged about these a lot. These investigations looked at the top 200 econ blogs as listed by a 2013 listing. And quite remarkably, Lyft bloggers expressed almost no favor for liberalization on these two issues. They were like silent, more or less. Sometimes even negative towards, say, Uber or towards ending the XM Bank. So that's further evidence of actually this pattern that we're trying to explain. Now, why is a call out for explanation? Let's take the welfare state dimension. Let's say you're pro welfare state, okay? You believe that a dollar means more to a poor person than it does to a rich person. A very reasonable belief, I think we all feel. Furthermore, you see that a lot of people in society feel the same way. So they like to see dollars going from richer people to poorer people. Because a dollar means more to a poor person than to a rich person. But on the other hand, if one person voluntarily gives dollars to poorer people, that benefits not only the recipient, but actually the other people who care about this issue. So there's like a positive externality in voluntary redistribution and a free rider problem. We all would like to see more redistribution, but if it's left to voluntary means there's a free rider problem in each of us like doing it, paying our part. And so that's an argument for having the state require it. So that's a logic, okay? It makes some sense. But what is it about those arguments, the pillars of those arguments that so much carry over to the regulatory state issues? The pillars of that welfare state argument were dollar means more to a poor person than a rich person. And this free rider problem in this particular sort of public goods of redistribution. So why is it then that you can't believe that and favor the welfare state, but then also be against, say, occupational licensing or antitrust law or agricultural intervention or energy policy or transportation policy. Those aren't the same arguments. Those aren't the same logic. Are they? Or maybe they are, but I don't quite see what it is that's common to both. So it calls out for explanation. Let's now start with someone taking an anti-position on welfare state. Suppose you're not favorable to the welfare state. Suppose you say, yes, a dollar means more to a poor person than to a rich person, but the welfare state creates disincentives both for the taxpayer and for the recipient. These create less growth, less wealth, dead weight losses, a smaller pie. Okay, those are good arguments. Those are meaningful arguments. You might also say that the welfare state creates dependencies. And that's another reason you're against it. I'd say those are the familiar arguments, the common arguments. But again, are those arguments so germane to the regulatory state dimension? It's not at all clear that they are. Again, consumer protection interventions, environmental interventions, antitrust interventions and so on. I don't see that it's the same logic in the two dimensions. So if it's not the same logic, why couldn't we more expect someone to mix and match so as to populate those two other cells? We're in fact, we find nobody. So I think there's psychology in this. And so I want to turn to Jonathan Haidt. Let me just say that why do we think it goes to psychology? Questions of political psychology. Like even if one economist says, I have a theory which explains why I'm pro-pro or anti as the case may be. You still would want to ask that economist, so how come your colleagues in the economics profession don't also see this logic? And that would seem to be then a psychological question. So one way or the other, I think we get to psychology and I think it's perfectly reasonable to ask these questions of psychologizing economists. So Jonathan Haidt has this metaphor of the elephant and the rider, perhaps you're acquainted with it. The mind is divided like a rider on an elephant and the rider's job is to serve the elephant. The rider is our conscious reasoning, the stream of words and images of which we are fully aware. The elephant is the other 99% of mental processes, the ones that occur outside of awareness but that actually govern most of our behavior. So he makes a kind of extreme case with 99% subterranean while the rider thinks, likes to think of itself as in control and Haidt says that what people really do is they have their elephant moving around in whatever directions and the rider kind of rationalizing those movements so as to feel in control and feel that it has an articulation, a theory of why it does what it does, why it takes the positions that it takes. And so we can imagine our two sorts of economists each saying this and each saying this about the other. I can articulate the reasons that justify my positions in both realms but those other economists, they're ideologues. They have let their elephant run away with them. They're rationalizing what their elephant does and it doesn't make sense and it's irresponsible. So that's what I'm after here. That's what the symposium was all about, to ask economists these questions. So on the two dimensions, why do so few economists argue in favor of one and against the other? And can you think of counter examples, economists who would fit those empty boxes? What are your own views in the two areas? And if your judgment tends to be parallel across them, how would you account for that? Like what is the theory, the basis for being pro-pro or anti-anti? What's like the common theory that gives you both of those answers? And then if your judgment tends to be parallel in that fashion, how would you explain why many economists do not share your views? Why don't they see as you see? So I'm asking psychology questions as well as sort of background theory questions. And in the symposium, in the published symposium, we had a number of contributors. Today, we have Donald Boudreau, Scott Sumner and Jeremy Rabkin. So we'll go in the order that they're seated here. Don, you're first and please proceed.