Let me begin the lecture with the keywords for the lecture. Just a couple of words that'll help you understand important themes for this lecture and for Wednesday, for the entire week really. And those phrases are the, the keywords are the talented tenth, talented tenth, uplift and respectability, putting them together, uplift and respectability, and race management. Let me start with a quote. It seems manifest to me that as a race in this land, we have no art, we have no science, we have no philosophy, we have no scholarship. Individuals, we have in each of these lines, but mere individuality cannot be recognized as the aggregation of a family, a nation or a race, or as the interpretation of any of them. And until we attain the role of civilization, we cannot stand up and hold our place in the world of culture and enlightenment. And the forfeiture of such a place means inferiority, repulsion, drudgery, poverty and ultimate death. Quote is from a man named Alexander Krummel, from one of his final publication, essays, called Civilization, The Primal Need of a Race. Excuse me, Civilization, The Primal Need of the Race. You'll see in this lecture, and perhaps even identified a tiny bit in this quote, some linkages to the last lecture, thinking about manliness and civilization, and Ida B. Wells Barnett and the kinds of claims she was making about the white South, that they're lacking in both. Today we're talking, I mean, the reason there's a linkage there, we're talking at the same era, generally speaking. This week, we're going to move from century the 1880s into the first decade of the 1900s, just to give you a chronological bearing. And that overlaps a lot with the lecture I was, had on Wednesday dealing with Ida B. Wells, anti-lynching crusades as well. Now, I started the lecture with Alexander Krummel, and let me explain why. I think he's a nice vehicle through which we can understand a lot of the themes of this week's lectures. Krummel was a black man, born into a free family in 1819. His family was essentially a minority within a minority. Both parents were literate. They were active abolitionists, and they enjoyed a materially comfortable life in that particular context. Krummel's born free to literate parents and active abolitionists. He's not the typical, this is not the typical African American experience prior to emancipation. He's educated by his father, and at private schools throughout the Northeast, although not without controversy. In one of the schools he came to in New York, when the townspeople learned that they were going to educate free blacks at that school, really just one room house, they hitched oxen to the house and pulled it in to a swamp. Anyway, Krummel does get an education, becomes a minister, and then heads off to Cambridge University in 1848. Excuse me, 1845. Krummel's departure for England and his subsequent classical training marked a watershed moment in his personal intellectual development. He originally left the U.S. only to obtain a degree from Cambridge and raise money to build a new church back in the United States. Now he leaves in 1845. He does not come back to the U.S. except for two very brief visits. He does not come back to the U.S. until 1872. So he has gone from the country during the great sectional crisis. Goes to England in 1845. He doesn't stay in England the whole time. He starts getting sick in England and then he decides to move to a warmer climate for his health, this is the thinking of the time. He departs for Liberia, the West Coast of Africa, in 1853. And he would remain there for almost two decades. By this action, it appears as if Krummel was doing exactly that which he fought so strongly against in his public relations prior to this moment. He was immigrating to Africa just as the African Colonization Society recommended African-Americans do. This is a group I mentioned in passing a week and a half ago. A group advocating blacks get out of the United States, advocating colonization, go back to where they belong was the thinking in shorthand. Well, when Krummel goes to England, he goes or someone against the activity of the African Colonization Society, he's campaigning actively against that idea. We should not send blacks, you know, quote back to Africa, black Americans that is, their homelands in the United States. But by the time Krummel leaves for Liberia he actually is advocating colonization. So Krummel goes through this interesting shift, it seems. He leaves for England for an advanced degree and to get the education and raise funds to build a church back in the United States. He stays in England, then leaves for Africa, advocating colonization, the very thing that he had been fighting against for his adult life up to that point. Now Krummel's advocacy for colonization is different from that of people like in the African Colonization Society who are saying let's just get this problem out of our hair. Krummel believed in the hierarchy of civilization. It's an important phrase, the hierarchy of civilization. And he believed that African natives who in Krummel's mind were pagan, that African natives were at the bottom of this hierarchy. So instead of advocating for blacks to move to, black Americans to move to Africa to solve an American problem, he's calling for black Americans to move to Africa to solve an African problem. And a Christian problem. Krummel believed that at one time black Africans were at the top of the civilizational ladder, top of the hierarchy. But over time, with technical innovation and divine providence, very important, he believed that Europeans, especially the English, were now at the top of the hierarchy, top of this ladder. So Krummel's advocating blacks come, black Americans come to Africa to save the Africans, to Christianize them, to rise them up, to lift them up beyond their pagan roots. Eventually, Krummel becomes frustrated in Liberia with his attempts to civilize the natives through religious and educational salvation. He returns to the United States to head up one of the most prominent churches in Washington, D.C., St. Luke's Episcopal, serving a predominantly black and almost exclusively wealthy black community. He comes back in 1872, heads up this church and really helps expand it and grow it. And he dies in 1898. Now, what does all this have to do with today's lecture? Krummel embodies many of the important elements that define black leadership and elite life in the second half of the 19th century. Although he did not coin the phrase, Krummel lived the ideology that suggested the talented 10th, the talented 10th, would be the ones to save the race. Although he did not live long enough to see it mature, Krummel founded the American Negro Academy, more about that in a few minutes. Krummel founded the American Negro Academy, which took as its explicit mission to save the race via the profound ideas of the talented 10th. And although Krummel sees himself certainly as at least a political progressive, if not a radical, one can see in this quick glimpse, this tour of his biography, a notion that blacks had not attained sufficient greatness to be considered contributors to the civilized world. You can see in this kind of sentiment an inherent conservatism. And in this way, Krummel's a race manager. Much of his project is about trying to find a way to save the race, to manage its problems and its solutions. Again, the keywords for today are talented 10th, uplifted in respectability, and implicit in both race management. As I stated a few minutes ago, the lecture this week's worth of lectures lingers between around 1890 and 1910, which are famously referred to, at least famously in the black community, as the Nader, the worst part, the N-A-D-I-R, the Nader, the worst part of the free black experience. I saw last week frightful representations of white control via lynching. And I talked about other methods of social and political control used by whites to eliminate black economic opportunity and the black male voting presence. Now, as bad as these things were, there's no doubt, it was horrific. It'd be a mistake to say that blacks were without hope, that they were an utterly downtrodden people, doomed to their degraded position. There were in fact glimmers of hope and activism, even though it grew out of a reality of despair. So profoundly difficult time for the post-demandist-patient African-American experience, but don't bottle it up and say it's all despair and all misery. You see, glimmers of hope can be identified in sort of essentially two ways, on the ground in daily acts of resistance, like the kinds you would read about in Tara Hunter's wonderful book, To Join My Freedom. And you see, glimmers of hope perhaps in polite society via the work of reformers, societies and associations. A few quick words about on-the-ground resistance. We know from Tara Hunter that thinking about struggle, I mean, her book, her argument is about struggle on the ground and the ways in which the black community was negotiating class politics during this era. On-the-ground struggles of daily resistance mean small acts of resistance until people like Tara Hunter came along, lost to history, one would think. It's about doing work more slowly than you possibly can. It means stealing scraps when you know you shouldn't be. Stealing labor, in a sense, in the houses where you worked or in the factories where you worked. Quietly finding ways to say no to the orders that you've been given to the life you've been forced to lead, although outwardly you're saying yes. You can't discount these small acts of daily resistance. They are important. Think of Tara Hunter's laundry workers who acclaimed control of their bodies in the evening when they went out dancing. They had some sort of real psychological relief, physical relief in exerting control over their own bodies and being out in a certain space even though their bosses wouldn't have appreciated it and certainly the black elite at their actions. This is important, but it's also important to realize the psychological benefits could be fleeting in the acts of daily resistance because the fact of the matter is when those workers woke up the next morning after a great night out, they had to go back to work. They had a fine way to put food on the table. And so although we cannot discount the benefits of psychological relief, we need to understand them as well for the real limits that they had. Life remained difficult. Now you have, at the same time, Tara Hunter's washerwoman, black activists who are thinking of long-term gains for the black community that extended beyond the boundaries of their own body. These were the people it's important to realize who had the freedom and security to think beyond the daily existence. They had some means. They were talking wealthy people, rich people, but they had some sort of security. They knew there were meals coming all week long. They owned their house. They had shelter. They had some measure of education. So they had the leisure time to think about long-term solutions. These were the people who considered themselves the talented 10th. These were the people who thrived in polite society and you saw it as their duty to uplift the race. Bless you. This last phrase I want you to think about, and what's important for this lecture, they saw it as their duty to uplift the race. Now, for the rest of the lecture, I'm going to, in a sense, explore that phrase. Extrapolate meaning from it. For the rest of the lecture, I want to explore uplift roots in the Northern Church. I'll explore the linkage between uplift and the new growth of associations in American culture. But most importantly, I want to explore uplift's investment in gender dynamics and uplift's equally subversive and conservative nature. It's really critical that you understand uplift was, at its core, a dynamic ideology that was imbued with it that era's restrictive gender and class conventions. There's a gendered element to uplift. There's a class element to uplift that make uplift both subversive and conservative. Think back to my framing of Alexander Crummel's life. Considered himself a political progressive, yet his ideology was fundamentally conservative. Let's look at uplift roots. We can trace uplift back as an identifiable ideology to a group called the American Baptist Home Mission Society. The American Baptist Home Mission Society. It's a northern and white-run effort to educate and civilize southern blacks. This is a post-emancipation reconstruction era we're talking about here. The American Baptist Home Mission Society is northern, white-run effort to educate and civilize southern blacks. One of the leaders of the Home Mission Society is a man named Henry Morehouse. He's the man, white man, who coined the phrase talented 10th, that that 10% of black America, really much more like probably 10th of 1%, would be that group to uplift the race, to lift it up. In fact, Henry Morehouse, for those of you who know historically black colleges and universities, Morehouse College, the most important black college in history still is there today and still doing amazing work. His name for Henry Morehouse. Anyway, this is an era when church membership, sort of why the American Baptist Home Mission Society, this is an era when church membership is increasing rapidly. But organized religious bodies start to clash with what can best be called grassroots black warship styles from religious organizations. One of the things that's important to recognize is that much as prior to emancipation, blacks couldn't marry, they couldn't get an education, very often they couldn't practice their own religious faiths. Certainly not openly and publicly. So you see sort of a boom within black America, a public exhortation or demonstration of the desire to practice faith. But they wanted to do it in their own ways and form their own religious organizations. This is a complicating factor to put it mildly when it came to the American Baptist Home Mission Society. The Home Mission Society was coming down from the north, setting up schools and churches, setting up schools in the sort of the same spirit as the Freedmen's Bureau, setting up churches, Baptist churches, setting up an order of prayer, systems of practice to educate and civilize, civilize through faith and adherence to the Bible and Christian ethics, so to save the race. Well blacks begin to bristle at the fact that they are not allowed by the American Baptist Home Mission Society structure, that they aren't allowed to contribute to the Sunday School teaching literature. Whatever they had to teach on a Sunday was quote, given to them by this northern church. The American Baptist Publications Society refused their contributions. There's a tension here about religion and religious teaching, practices certainly, but it's also about control over their secular activities. The American Baptist Home Mission Society wanted blacks to function in accordance with their guidelines and their principles.  You have a breaking point in 1895, the year as you'll see over this lecture and next lecture, a very important year. A serious breach appears in 1895 when a number of blacks come together, southern blacks, too frustrated and any longer to abide by the American Baptist Home Mission Society's edicts and forms its own society, the National Baptist Convention. The National Baptist Convention is created by and about blacks. It's organized to establish black control over the church, their churches, their religious practices and secular activities. Even goes as far as to establish its own publishing company so it can produce, among other things, Sunday School literature written by blacks. So the American Baptist Home Mission Society coming down from the north with a, frankly, patronizing attitude about saving the race. After some time the race says we're forming our own organization if you won't let us have some control in our own churches. Thus the National Baptist Convention is formed. Now before going any further, it's important to think about what a church actually was. These are places to worship, of course. But it's also important to realize that churches play many different roles in the black community. The white community as well. We're talking about the African American experience right here. These churches were places where they taught literacy. Certainly that's what Sunday School classes are partly about as well. But we're talking sort of daily education. There were also places to find food. If you're running short on food, you go to the church to be fed or get some supplies. Provide basic health care, employment information, clothes. So the church was not just a place functioning in the black community as a site on Sundays to be in deep reflection and other days to seek solace. It was doing that certainly, but also feeding, educating, clothing the black community and providing basic health care as well. So the church needs to be understood as what one caller calls a discursive space in the black public sphere whose very conscious role was to uplift the race. A discursive space in the black public sphere whose very conscious role was to uplift the race. Saving the race through God, through food, through education, through clothing, through health care, across the board. The churches were religious and secular spaces. And in addition to the growing secular activity of the black church, there's a rapid expansion of intellectual, social, and literary societies in black America. And this is a phenomenon across the races in the United States during this time, the late 19th century. It's important to realize that significant organizations in black America weren't just the churches. There's cultural and intellectual societies as well. As far as black America was concerned, these societies, these associations were all a part of the struggle to become self-sufficient. It's important to protect its own flanks and to provide for those who are less fortunate. So you have fraternal orders and benefit societies like the Masons, the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Tabor, all of which were for men, or the Order of the Eastern Star, the Sisters of the Clath for Women. You have secret societies offering insurance against sickness and death and aid to widows and orphans. And then eventually you have insurance societies, companies, most famously the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. It's one of the largest black business in the United States for quite some time. The rise of black banks and so on. So you see a range of, really for lack of a better phrase, community service associations developing. Places for fellowship, sort of a secular fellowship, certainly, but also a place to gather the sort of information about somebody who might be in trouble that we can help out to sort of raise funds to improve schools by hiring a new teacher perhaps. Provide resources when somebody dies, Mutual Aid Benefit Society, give resources to the children and widows to literally put your money someplace. These were all rather dramatic changes. They may not seem like much, but again when you're starting from zero, anything is something. So in addition to these service societies, you have intellectual societies like the American Negro Academy, founded in 1897. The ANA, the American Negro Academy, is not the first of its sort, but it was the first to talk about uplift in systematically intellectual ways. So it's not about job training. It's not about finding clothes or food for somebody. It's about saving the race through the power of the intellect and through training. The ANA was limited to 20 or so leading men of the race. This would be the phrase of the time. Women were not allowed. And the goal of the ANA, those 20 leading men, would be to develop the next generation of leaders to solve America's racial ills. It's a rather ambitious goal, but that was it, quite literally. W.E.B. Du Bois, someone a lot of you may see Du Bois, you see the name, it's Du Bois. That's the way his family pronounced it. Who will hear more about tomorrow and will hear about intermittently throughout the course. A man of incredible importance in 20th century African American experience. Du Bois had just received his PhD from Harvard and is the first vice president of the organization. He's Alexander Crummel's protege. As I said before, the ANA was exclusive to men. It's an organization that really lasts about 25 years before it falls apart. I can't say that it changes much of anything. It establishes a journal, it publishes ideas, it has lectures. Early on it allowed one woman to lecture before it's august body. But that was sort of, I mean I'm simplifying it, the ANA did not offer much in transactional change for black America. But it's articulating a vision that the way to save the race was through developing the intellect, civilizing the race of the most educated men. Right at the same time the American Negro Academy is formed, in fact a year earlier, another association is formed, certainly more important and effective, called the National Association of Colored Women. The National Association of Colored Women, NACW. Tellingly the motto of the NACW is lifting while we climb. Lifting while we climb. Now what did it do? It was sort of an amalgamation of the American Negro Academy ethos and the American Baptist Home Mission Society and National Baptist Convention. It's an organization of middle and upper class as far as status, social status, middle and upper class black women, the best sort, as it were, that they would gather together on a, I don't know, twice a month, monthly basis network, socially, certainly, but they would also organize political protests, something really quite astonishing. This is not the kind of person, not the kind of woman, not the kind of class figure who would publicly protest, but I didn't think to bring the image with me, but in one of the, in the very first lecture I showed a slide of members of the NACW picketing the White House for an anti-lynching law in the 1930s.  So they're trying to network amongst themselves, raise the political stakes, and also agitate for child welfare reform. They're like the ANA because they are a certain type of person of class. They're like the Baptist Home Mission Society in the sense that they are trying to uplift the race, save the children, and in a sense like the National Baptist Convention by acting in explicitly political ways, and the National Baptist Convention's own creation was an explicitly political act. Thinking from the NACW's perspective, uplift can be seen as both subversive and conservative. It was subversive since it was helping educate and clean up poor and unclean people. Sad, sad to say, it was a subversive act trying to clean people up, trying to improve their health. And this is really something you need to be aware of. This was an era of an epidemiologist's nightmare. Cities are really forming rapidly. People are coming to urban centers. But hygiene isn't coming as fast as the people are coming. Cities and streets literally built of refuse, excrement, diseases in the air. Tarantor lays this out in her book. All these campaigns to teach proper hygiene habits. It wasn't just about nice manners, nice manners, and a white dress. These are life and death kind of skills of trying to teach the poor and the unclean. Trying to wage anti-tuberculosis campaigns, for instance. So the NACW is trying to do something radical by trying to help educate and clean up people who were ignored by society. But it was also, excuse me, and it was also subversive for the way to engage in explicit acts of political resistance, like picketing, advocating anti-lynching, the passage of anti-lynching law, lobbying people. But uplift from the NACW's perspective, or it's the way it interpreted uplift was also quite conservative, because NACW membership recognized in itself the express need for them to clean up the race.  Think back to the last lecture, the manliness and civilization, respectability floating through all of that. To the women of NACW, they had a lot of work to do. Most blacks were unclean and poorly behaved and uneducated. So uplift taken all together then, radical and conservative, but essentially a manifestation of white middle class propriety, that these black Victorians grew up in, took it as their own and tried to perfect it for the next generation. Black women felt a sense of duty, these black middle class women and upper class women felt a sense of duty and they had a special ability from their self-conception. They had a special ability to save the race. Anna Julia Cooper, the leading black feminist theorist of her day, who was also a leading educator, having taught at Dunbar High School, actually I want to talk about Dunbar for just a few seconds because it's actually a remarkable institution. I'll probably mention it in a few weeks. Anna Julia Cooper taught mathematics at, it was actually the M.S. Street High School at the time in Washington, D.C. Its name is changed eventually to Dunbar. Dunbar becomes the breeding ground over the first five decades of the 20th century of the black leadership elite for the D.C. area and actually from much of the nation. If you look at a lot of black political leaders you will often see Dunbar High School on the resume. So, you know, talking about a leading intellectual teaching at a high school and that, how can that be important? Dunbar was not your typical high school. It was by far the best black high school in the country. It was the best public high school in the district, black or white. If you look at the kind of training that teachers had and the eventual career path of its graduates. It's an astonishing institution. Anyway, Anna Julia Cooper leading theorist of her day teaches at Dunbar High School. Later on in her career she leaves Dunbar. I think she's 63 when she gets her Ph.D. from the Sorbonne. She comes back to Washington, D.C. and establishes a university, Freiling-Heisen University. I probably butchered it. I don't know, German. Essentially an evening university, university in sort of quotes. An institution where black workers who want to make that next step in advancement will come and get training in the evening so they can get a better job.   And she made all of this quite clear as early as 1892, even before the NACW was formed. There's an interesting history behind the NACW. Two different black women's organizations trying to fight it out over which would be the one to represent the race and they merged into the NACW. In 1892, years before the NACW was formed, years before the American Negro Academy is formed, Anna Julia Cooper writes her manifesto of Voice from the South. It's a long book, very important. We can reduce it at least today to one quote. Cooper says in a Voice from the South, only the black woman can say where and when I enter in the quiet, undisputed dignity of my womanhood without violence and without suing or special patronage, then and there the whole Negro race enters with me. Only the black woman, I repeat, only the black woman can say where and when I enter in the quiet, undisputed dignity of my womanhood without violence and without suing or special patronage, then and there the whole Negro race enters with me. Women, black women, black elite women, educated women, were the ones, the only ones who could say how, when and where blacks would rise up and join society as rightful members. Now, Alexander Krummel, a man of his own time, recognized Anna Julia Cooper's intellect and her unique skills, but he was certainly as conservative on gendered lines as one might expect. He certainly would have taken issue or took issue with the idea that it was women upon whom this burden was placed to uplift the race. So this is sort of a gendered battle there about who it was most prepared to save the race. But Cooper and Krummel shared the same ideology. It's the educated person, the civilized person, who would save the race. Uplift is a middle class ideology then that was as much about race management as it was about anything else. Who is going to manage the race during a period of transition, post reconstruction, era of redemption, an era of the destruction of black male voting rights? Cooper declares that since women were perfectly respectable, a certain kind of woman, that they were the ones who would be the best race managers, who could espouse a talented 10th ideology and help navigate the race to a better way of living. Respectability is something that you really need to linger on here as well throughout all of this. It's a reflection of a bourgeois vision that vacillates between an attack on the failure of America to live up to liberal ideals of equality and justice. Think about Ida B. Wells, that the white South lacked a proper notion of respectable behavior because it was lynching these people. So respectability could vacillate between an attack on the failure of America to live up to its liberal ideals like Ida B. Wells did. Or respectability could be used as an attack on the values of lifestyles of the very blacks who transgressed this white middle class for priority. It cuts both ways.  Ida B. Wells could also tell black Americans she believed beneath her, and this was really Ida B. Wells' style, but I'm extending the point.  Now open this lecture with a quote from Alexander Krummel about the need for civilization. Sketched out Krummel's life experiences and explained why he's such a great representative figure for the era. Let me close with a quote from his protege, W. E. B. Du Bois. Let's be one of the main figures I'll focus on on Wednesday's lecture. We can see in this quote the way in which the ideology of the talented tenth was driven by commitment to uplift the race and that this commitment to uplift the race was driven by the belief that the black poor, the black unwashed were a negative drain on all blacks in America. Again, uplift was race management. And by the way, for those of you who know a thing about W. E. B. Du Bois and his phrase, talented tenth, these two are linked, because Du Bois does write about the talented tenth, but he's not the person who coins the phrase. He uses it from Morehouse's American Bachelors Mission Society, just so you're straight on this issue. Anyway, Du Bois says the following. Men of America, the problem is plain before you. Here is a race transplanted through the criminal side of your fathers. Whether you like it or not, the millions are here, and here they will remain. If you do not lift them up, they will pull you down. Education and work are the levers to uplift a people. Work alone will not do it unless inspired by the right ideals and guided by intelligence. Education must not simply teach work, it must teach life. The talented tenth of the Negro race must be made leaders of thought and missionaries of culture among their people. No others can do this work, and Negro colleges must train men for it. The Negro race, like all other races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. Okay, I'll stop there and we'll begin on Wednesday and we'll focus on Wednesday talking about Du Bois and his great foil, Booker 2 Washington, and all the competing ideologies that are expressed in this time of incredible change for Black America. Thank you.


Hey guys, Austin Swame here to give you my three favorite bets from Week 2 of College Football. A lot of lopsided matchups with some best teams in the country just kind of holding some tune-up games, so we still have three gems to choose from and I like bets in each of them and that starts in the morning game. The Alabama Crimson Tide heading to Austin to face the Texas Longhorns big-time brands battling here in this one. I like over 64 and a half points because these could very well be the best two offenses in college football. Obviously, we know what Bryce Young the reigning Heisman trophy winner brings to the table for the tide, but you may not have heard as much about the Texas supporting cast. It is excellent. Transfer Quinn Ewers coming in here to Texas. He has a litany of weapons including a Heisman contender in B. John Robinson out of the backfield as well as returning duo Xavier Worthy and Jordan Whittington out wide. This is absolutely one of the best college football offenses too. We have really no doubts Alabama is going to be able to score on a rebuilding Texas defense. The question is can Texas keep pace? I think so because when you look here Alabama last year 28th and expected points added against the past so not the ironclad Nick Saban defense were used to. They were leaky at times. Texas is absolutely a wonderful passing offense with lots of weapons. I think Alabama could push for 50 points here themselves, but Texas will keep pace enough. I like the Texas spread of 20 points if you can get that on Fandalsportsbook, but I love the over 64 and a half points. Just watch them rain in that one. But as we move into the afternoon wave we have a fun inter-conference showdown between Tennessee, the Tennessee balls heading to the Pitt Panthers. I like the home team Pitt here getting six and a half points. Kiedon Slovis answered a lot of questions for me last week. How would he replace Kenny Pickett coming in pretty well? He had 309 yards and a touchdown and a win in that back yard brawl over West Virginia acclimated very well to that Pat Narduzzi offense. The good biggest thing for me, Pitt's defense was great last week. 5.4 yards per attempt for JT Daniels and a functional West Virginia passing offense. They will need every bit of that defense against Hinden Hooker and the high flying volunteers. This is another high scoring game here in Pittsburgh, but I like the Panthers to start hot. They played the division one opponent. They already have that under their belt. Tennessee had more of a tuna last week. So I think what I think Pitt starts hot. Give me Tennessee to win late by close margins, but I will take the Panthers in the points and more importantly, I'm seeing on Fandalsports both if I can get this line at that all important seven point touchdown if I can later this week. But in the nightcap, there's a bet that I love as well. It is USC traveling to Palo Alto to face the Stanford Cardinal. Give me the Trojans to cover nine and a half points here. I absolutely think this USC offense is loaded. It is one of it is right there with Texas and Alabama and just because they play out West, you may not know it yet. They have one of the best quarterbacks in college football in Caleb Williams. They added productive Oregon running back Travis Dye. They've also got bullet in a coffin or Jordan Addison out wide. This is an all star team and the schedule not that difficult. They put 66 points on rice last weekend. The biggest thing is, I don't necessarily think Stanford is a much better defense than rice. You'll get Stanford 90th in ESPN's Espey, Espey plus defensive projections this year, not expecting a great defense out of the Cardinal. This offense will score on just about everybody in the biggest thing for USC. Their schedule is weak. They need style points. They will run it up. I don't think Tanner McKee and Stanford keep pace. Give me USC minus a couple of scores. They should cover the spread here in what will be a welcoming to the contention for the college football playoff.


Hello friends, let's discuss the following question it says a capsule of medicine is in the shape of sphere of diameter 3.5 mm. How much medicine is needed to fill this capsule? That means we need to know the capacity of spherical capsule that means we need to know the volume of the capsule and we know that the volume of sphere is equal to 4 by 3 pi r q where r is the radius of sphere. So this is the key idea. Let us now move on to the solution. Now we are given that diameter of capsule is 3.5 mm and we know that radius of a sphere is half of the diameter that is radius of the capsule which is in the shape of sphere is equal to 3.5 upon 2 millimeter. Now we need to find the volume of the capsule which is in the shape of sphere. So the volume of capsule in which medicine to be filled is equal to 4 by 3 pi r q. Now r is 3.5 upon 2 millimeter. So let us substitute the value of r and pi in this formula. So the volume is equal to 4 by 3 into pi which is 22 upon 7 into 3.5 upon 2 q. Since the unit of radius is given to be in millimeter so the unit of volume will be cubic millimeter which is again equal to 4 by 3 into 22 upon 7 into 3.5 upon 2 into 3.5 upon 2 into 3.5 upon 2 cubic millimeters. Simplifying this we get the volume as 22.46 cubic millimeters approximately. Hence the answer is 22.46 cubic millimeters that is 22.46 cubic millimeters of medicine can be filled in the spherical capsule. So this completes the question why for now take care have a good day.


In this video, we are going to consider some thoughts and methods about how we might approximate the volume of a t-ondang fire lantern given some measurements that we take on the sides of the lantern. So you may have seen in a previous video the actual measurements, the taking of the measurements, in which case what we've done is we've taken the fire lantern. Here's an example. And we've extended it and recognized that the fire lantern is created by four different sides glued together. And each of these sides creates this kind of petal shape. And what we've done is we've measured from the top of the petal shape down to the bottom of the petal shape. And we've done some slices across to give us some estimation of the shape of the geometry of the overall lantern. So here, I've made an effort to sort of sketch on a smaller scale the shape that we have, along with the measurements that we've been taking. And then I've also done my best to sort of show what it looks like when we take the lantern and we let it inflate. When we do so, instead of being this vertical shape, we're going to sort of see that the entire lantern expands and fills. The shape compresses a little bit and we create three-dimensional shapes out of the two-dimensional shapes here by having one of those shapes on each of the four sides. So we've taken a series of measurements. Those measurements are along this vertical axis along one of the sides. And we're going to label those as a series of heights. And in this case, we're going to call this H0, H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5. Or in other words, that series is H sub i, heights that start at 0 and count up. And for each of those heights, we have a corresponding width that goes all the way across the lantern. And we'll label those W0, W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5. Or our Wi, where i is just a generic index indicating one of those points. Notice you can see where each of those sections are over here in the three-dimensional view. There's one of my widths going across. I guess this would probably be width number 4. And notice that's located at height number 4, H4. However, an important thing to notice is that the height up the middle of the lantern is different than the height that we've measured here. Notice the curvature that occurs here going from H0 to H1 is actually this distance here, which is at an angle once the entire t-undang is inflated. This would be from H1 to H2. I guess I've mislabeled this as H4. This would be H3, H2 to H3, H3 to H4, and then H4 to H5. So that's a very important concept that we want to keep here is that what we've called height for our original measurement isn't exactly a height. It's a curvature around the outside once we've inflated the lantern. And then we have these associated widths that go along each piece. So we're going to make an assumption here. An approximation of each piece based on this idea of us slicing across. And this approximation will not be perfect. There are better ones. More accuracy equals more work. Whenever we're doing computational approximation, we could do more work on different things. We could think more theoretically and have more detail in how we actually describe this. Or we could slice this up into smaller pieces, many smaller pieces, and then our approximations and our geometry would be less and less important because we would be closer and closer to a reality. But what we're going to do here is we're going to assume that each of these pieces, take a look at this top piece up here, for example, that each of these pieces can be represented by a particular shape known as a frustrum. Now, you were probably all familiar with the frustrum from when you were kids. If you ever had an ice cream cone, one of the long, thin ice cream cones that come down to a cone at the bottom. And at some point when you were eating your ice cream cone, it started melting into the cone and you probably bit the bottom right off of the cone so you could slip the ice cream out of the bottom. A lot of us have done that when we were kids. Well, that creates a shape for you, which is a cone without the tip. That's an example of a frustrum. That same thing also applies to a shape that might be like a pyramid. In this case, I'm going to draw the pyramid right side up. If you have a pyramidal shape and you chop off the top, that's going to create a frustrum of a pyramid. And notice you're going to get some sort of shape at the top. So we're going to assume that each of these pieces that we see here can be approximated with this frustrum, a frustrum of a pyramid. Let me go ahead and sketch that for you here. So we'll take an example here. I'm going to go ahead and there's the top plane. And down here we'll have a bottom plane and it will be connected on the sides. All right, and again, we're thinking about this in three dimensions. So maybe I could have made that a little bit flatter. Okay, and along each of these we're going to consider, here is a width and we'll call this width at some space I, width I, and then we're going to have a width right above it of width I plus one. So we're going to, when we're looking at any frustrum, it's going to be between two of our measurements, one that's below and one that's up above. Actually, let me actually do it this way. I'm going to do width I and width I minus one. So we're going to consider the space I and the space right below it instead and that'll be a little clearer why in just a second. Okay, so for each of those, we are also going to have a location height I minus one and a location height I. But again, notice that location is kind of up around the sides, up around the sides here. We are going to go ahead and call this piece of the frustrum, volume, we're going to try to figure out the volume of this piece, volume I. And the reason why I did I and I minus one is because down here you see where it says H zero, my height zero, well we're going to call the area of the volume of this one volume one, volume two, volume three, volume four, volume five. So we're starting our volume count at number one. So notice our volume for number one uses the information from one and zero. Volume from number two uses from two and one, volume from three, three and two and so on. Okay, so now we have this geometry of a frustrum that we're interested in. But when I do my research on a frustrum, generally what they consider, and we'll look at the formula for a frustrum in a little bit, if I can sort of consider what's happening in the back in my third dimension, generally what we're interested in the frustrum is the actual height of the frustrum, but that height perpendicular to those two planes. So a height up the middle of that frustrum. We're interested in some height value here that runs right up the middle of the frustrum. I'm going to identify that with a capital H to distinguish it from our heights that we measured around the side. This is sort of an important conceptual piece here that we're measuring this line up the middle of the thing when it's expanded, which is different than the heights we measured up around the outside pedal, the outsides of the Tian Deng. All right, well to do that, what is that height? What's it going to look like? What is the value of that particular height? So I'm going to go ahead and look at the trapezoid. There's a trapezoid over here on each side, or I'm going to think about this as being, okay, what if I slice this frustrum in half, and it's going to create for me a trapezoid shape that runs kind of across, but has that height up the middle. So I'm going to recreate that trapezoid here. There's the trapezoid shape that we have, and that's a slice right down the middle of my frustrum. And we'll notice that across the top of my frustrum, there's my width, width I, and along the bottom of my frustrum is width I minus one. So that information is there and useful for us. What other information do we have? I'm trying to figure out this height here, h i. Well, if I look at the sides of this trapezoid, those sides are running along the face of this thing. I actually was probably a little bit strange to identify this as h i and h i minus one, because those are kind of the corners of each piece. Well, I'm going to assume that this thing kind of puffs out all the way around. And again, it's an approximation, but I'm going to call this distance here this change in height is my difference between h i and h i minus one. That's what I'm going to say that is there. Now notice that's a little bit different. It's kind of this slant here, as opposed to the slant on the diagonal. We have this and then we also have that, but I'm assuming we're kind of puffing around almost as if we're in a cone. And again, it's an approximation. So if I have this height here, delta h, and I'm trying to find this vertical height, how can I do that? Well, if I look, I now have a right triangle. There's my right triangle. And I notice that this little piece here, if we assume some symmetry is half, one half of the difference between my widths. So now I have enough geometry to make an estimate for the height of my frustrum. So now that we've created some geometric relationships here, let's go ahead and write down what these are. Using the Pythagorean theorem and doing a little bit of algebra, we can determine that my height of any of my frustrum is going to be equal to some relationship between the different heights and the different widths that I've already measured. In that case, my formula looks something like this. And this will look familiar from a squared plus b squared equals c squared or from your distance formula, but notice we'll be using a subtraction in here because we have the hypotenuse and we're looking for one of the legs of my right triangle. So it's gonna look something like this. We're going to have our height minus the height before it squared. And then we are similarly going to subtract off the weight minus the weight before it squared. However, because this was only half of that, we're going to have a divided by four here. Why do we have a divided by four here? Well, because we have a half, but then we're squaring that entire thing. So then we use that half twice and there's the factor of four. So now we have the formula for the height of our frustrum. Well, that means we will be able to calculate this height from the information we have. Now, the next part is what is the volume of a frustrum? So to find the volume of a frustrum, we're gonna go back to ancient Greek history and look for something known as the Heronian mean. Heron of Alexandria created something known as the Heronian mean. And this is going to be a relationship between the top of our frustrum and the bottom of our frustrum. And we can use this Heronian mean to figure out the volume of the frustrum. Here's what that formula looks like. First of all, in any volume, we're gonna have some sort of height times maybe your other two dimensions. So indeed, here we have the height value. And then we're going to have something that's an area. Well, in this case, it's gonna be an average area of these two parts of the top and the bottom. And it actually looks something like this. It's gonna be the area of the upper part. Here's area I on top. And we're also going to add the area of the lower part. There's the lower part. But here's where the Heronian mean comes in. There's also a third piece that takes both into account. And it's a very interesting-looking piece. It looks something like this. There's a square root. The square root of what? Well, the square root of the product of the two areas. So there's my Heronian mean. There's an area. There's the square root of two areas multiplied by each other, which is also an area. And then there is an area. And that takes into account both the top and the bottom. There's one more piece here. Notice we added three things to find this mean. So we're gonna go ahead and make it a true mean by dividing by how many things we added together. So again, the top area, the bottom area, and then this Heronian part, which is a way of averaging the two areas or combining the two areas together in a way that is consistent. It's kind of like basically taking two rectangles or rectangle in that particular case. So that's great, except we don't have areas here. Or do we? If we look at these, each of these areas is simply a width times a width or the width squared. So now we have our heights in terms of our initial measurements, height and width. That's our height at the middle. And we also have these areas that we can determine from all those widths. So therefore, we have all the information we need. If we've measured those things, we have all the information we need to calculate the volume using the Heronian mean. If we want to, we can simplify the volume formula and write it simply in terms of those widths. One third will keep this height value since it's fairly complex. But I can replace the a's with the w i's with the widths. There's w i squared over here. We have w i minus one squared. And then if I take the two of them and multiply them together, I get w i w i minus one, the product of the two of them. Notice they're each squared, but then we square root so the squares go away. And again, we end up with basically a square for the top, a square for the bottom, and then effectively a rectangle. That is the average of the two of them. And that's kind of how the Heronian mean should be thought about. So we now have the means that if we've measured along the sides, this series of heights and widths along the sides of the Tian Deng, we now have the means of finding the volume of each of those pieces. Our last piece is then to find the total volume is to add up all of those other volumes. There's my sum meaning to add up as I goes from one to however many we have of all the other volumes. That formula we will use in the next video to go ahead and show an example of calculating the volume, of approximating the volume using calculation of a Tian Deng lantern.


Hey guys, it's Nate, A.K. The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. We have some brand new information today about some new packs that are coming to FIFA 22 Ultimate Team very soon. Kind of, again, going in line and going along with what this Team of the Year Warm-Up Series Promo is all about with saving packs for Team of the Year and EA dropping some pretty juicy packs. And we have a couple new ones to talk about today, which are getting even juicier, right? We have some big-time packs that are going to be added into this game pretty soon. It sounds like based off of some leaks and also a foot hero player pick SPC, also rumored to be coming soon. That's going to be interesting. I think some of these SPCs could be coming out as soon as today on Tuesday, but also they might not be out for a couple days. So we're going to take a look at all the possibilities with these packs and with these SPCs, how they could impact the market and kind of also what is going on with the market right now as a lot of people have actually bought some cards on this game because we had the big crash over the weekend. Now some cards have kind of rebounded up a bit as people thought that might have been the low point, but now with some more content coming that could be pretty interesting and could try to drain some more coins off this game, could we see more prices dropping later on this week? So we're going to talk about all of that in today's video. If you're enjoying the uploads on the channel, make sure to hit a thumbs up and of course subscribe if you are new. And if you didn't check out last night's upload about some of the best team of your investments, again, with the market continually being shaken up every single day on this game, there's a lot of investments we can make for team of the year. So if some of these SPCs come out, make sure you check out that video for some more helpful tips. I'll link it up right here. So let's get into these packs because there's some big ones, right? And these packs, this is the sort of thing that EA has been doing with this promo and they've been doing it so good, right?  Now originally they were gonna be in the store but as our leaker here says, they are going to be in SPCs. Now the thing that makes me very, very interested about this is we have the 83 plus SPCs available in the game right now but they are set to expire today. So if you're wondering what these new packs are it's basically just the 85 plus packs version of what we have already had in this game that was the 83 plus, right? So we've had the 83 plus defender midfielder and attacker. I think that since these expire today on Tuesday I think today would be the perfect day for EA sports to drop the 85 plus version of this and to up the ante a little bit and drop this SPC. Now let's talk about this, right? And how much would this sort of SPC cost? The 83 plus upgrades were about 15, 16, 17,000 coins a piece. We've already had an 85 plus times three earlier this year and 85 plus triple upgrade which was actually like last week or two weeks ago and it was 58,000 coins. Now fodder is a bit more expensive and since this SPC at the time was a, I think it was an 84 rated squad with two informs. If they did this SPC that was specifically per position and made it those same requirements and 84 squad with two informs at the moment would cost you a pretty penny, right? 84s are four and a half thousand coins a piece. You had two informs on top of that. I mean, you're looking at probably like 60, 70,000 coins in my opinion, especially with the amount of people that have been doing the 83 plus packs when they get released. So many people have been doing those, right? I think even more people would wanna go out and do this. Now, since I think this is coming today I have gone ahead and actually club stocked a few of these cards. I've club stocked some 84s and some 85s. I think this SPC is gonna be in the range kind of like this 85 times three was. I think it's gonna be somewhere in the 50 to 75,000 coin range and it might be pushing 75K because again, this is the type of SPC that everybody wants to do on this game because it gives you again that fear of missing out. If you don't do the SPC then oh my goodness you might not pack a team of year players. That's a big thing and I think this is gonna come today. I really do. If it doesn't, I'd be a little surprised because I feel like that would be the perfect SPC to put out either today or on Thursday I guess as we head into Friday with team of year. So I would watch out for this in the next couple of days. Everybody's gonna wanna do these. Seriously, these are going to make the SPC fodder market move up in price. I almost guarantee it because look at what 83s have done after a couple of days of the 83 plus upgrades. They've gone from 850, 900 coins up to like 1.5, 1.6K. Some 83s are like 2,500 to 3,000 coins depending on their links and stuff like that for chemistry. So this is a big SPC and I think this one might have the first impact. I don't think this SPC would crash the market by itself but I think it would devalue a few cards on the game a little bit. Now the next SPC that has leaked to come that should be pretty soon as well, this one could impact the market a little bit more maybe still not as much as the icon player pick but a foot heroes player pick SPC is confirmed to be coming as well. Just like the icon player pick it's gonna be one of three players and most likely to be repeatable, right? What this really feels like is it feels exactly like the base or mid icon player pick that was just dropped, right? A repeatable SPC that EA would put out for a couple of weeks that we would be able to craft and put our duplicates and our SPC fodder into as all of us are opening packs during team of the year, this would be one of those SPCs that we could just chuck some of that fodder into and then have a chance at packing a foot heroes player from this SPC just like the player picks for icons that we've seen, right? That's kind of why I think and I think he's right here and he says most likely to be repeatable but not confirmed it would make sense, right? That it would be repeatable because it's a player pick just like the icon that they dropped. I could really, really see this happening 100%. I mean, I could see this happening today. Either today or on Thursday as well. I would expect to see this SPC. Now, what's the price of this one gonna be, right? Of course, you've only got a couple of heroes on this game that are really desirable, right? If you're thinking like, man, this hero SPC player pick, there's only like four hero cards that I would really want to get. Yeah, you're kind of right. It's Ginola, Dina Tali, Abeddy Pillay and Cordoba, right? Those are your main heroes that people would be most interested in. Now, with this player pick being leaked, you've seen Dina Tali drop in price. He's a million coins flat right now. It's down 70K from where he was. You've seen Dina Tali, he was 300,000 coins. He has dropped in price, I believe he's like 298 or 280 or 290 or something like that at the moment. He's dropped like 10, 20K in price because people are fearing this SPC coming out today. I think it would make sense if it came out today, but the 85 plus and the hero on the same day, that would be kind of crazy. So I know that there's not very many cards that are available from this and you may be like, man, Nate, again, there's only like four really good cards that are available, right? Cordoba, Dina Tali, Abeddy Pillay, Ginola. Those are the guys that you want, right? But the thing is, there's not very many heroes in the game, right? There's not very many. So this SPC, even though it's a player pick of three, you're getting a choice of three players from a very, very smaller player pool than what you are for an icon SPC. So the only downside to this is there's a lot of heroes in here that are like discard, right? Algebra, K-Hill, Dempsey, they're like 15,000 coins. A lot of these cards, unless you hit a Abeddy Pillay, again, Ginola, Cordoba, or Dina Tali, maybe Joe Cole's decently usable, Marientes possibly, and Robbie Keane still has a little bit of value in this game. Before they, evidently there's still plans to upgrade these cards, or to release higher versions of heroes, but that has not happened yet. So for now we have these cards, but yes, there's not a ton of hype cards out of this, but hopefully EA priced this SPC right. That's gonna be the key for this one. Although since it is a player pick, you kind of look back like, man, when we had hero upgrade packs earlier this year, how much did they cost? Most of them were around the 200,000 coin price range. We had one that was a lot cheaper at 119K, but I think this was just released when SPC fodder was really low. This was released in late November, and it was like 100 to 118K. So we'll have to see where this price point comes in, because since it's a player pick, especially with the ICON player pick, we saw this one be a lot more expensive than a normal ICON SPC. So I would imagine that this foot hero upgrade player pick would probably be somewhere around the range of that 150 to 250,000 coin range, but again, it's a lower tier SPC. If you're trying to hit a Genola, or a Di Natale, a Betty Pellea, or Cordoba, there's potential with that. And I think that SPC, people love heroes, right? People are down, because all they see when they look at an SPC like that is, oh my goodness, I could pack Genola. It's the same thing that people see when they go and open an ICON pack, right? Oh my goodness, I could pack R9, or Pellea, or Cruyff, or Ronaldinho. And so there's less choices that you could get from the hero, but there's still some really insane cards that a lot of people would want to get in their teams, and people just love doing the gamble packs just for the sake of potentially getting one of the cards like this, right? So I think that SPC, if it's around 200K, could create another opportunity for people to sell some cards and you would maybe see some cards get sold off a little bit more on this market.  I could see those happening really soon. Now there's one more pack that has been leaked. This one's very interesting. It's kind of going along similarly with what the packs we've seen before, with like the 81 plus, 83 plus, and all of that. 81 plus times 11. Now that's a big pack. 81 plus times 11, that's a lot of players. Now it has not been added to the code yet, but it is a pack, so it should be added to the code very soon. If it's not added to the code, like right now as I'm recording this video late Monday night into Tuesday morning timeframe, then I doubt it's gonna be coming today. Maybe this happens during team of the year, and a lot of these guys who were leaking these SPCs, they said that they're not entirely sure that these are coming during this foot warm up season promo, but I mean, it would really make sense for them to drop specifically the 85 plus times three and the foot heroes player pick. I think those are almost a hundred percent to be coming before Friday of this week. Now for this 81 times 11, I really don't know about that. I still would expect it to come before Friday, because again, this whole promo is about stacking packs and warming up to team of the year. So that's another one. Don't know if it's gonna be an SPC or an objective or a pack in the store. That'd be crazy if that was a pack in the store. But that's another one that is gonna be coming out soon on this game. So those are the packs, right?  Again, I think the ones that are gonna have the biggest market impact would be the 85 plus times three. And I think you would see potentially that SPC today and a lot of people would wanna go out and buy some cards to do it.  I've got some 88s and 89s still in the club that I could potentially do some SPCs with. But going out and buying some of these at 85s at just 8,000 coins, like if this SPC does come, then I wanna have some of these in the club. It says Rashford's 8.2K. I'll pass on that one, but I'll go buy a DeVry maybe. He's like 8.5,000 coins or 8.2K. So I'm stocking up on a few of these because of course, if they drop the 85 plus, then they're gonna drop the attacker, the midfielder and the defender. And I would like to be able to do all three. And again, that's what you can see, right? That's where it would affect the market. Instead of an 85 plus times three, it's gonna be 75,000 coins per SPC times three, right? So that's taking a healthy chunk of coins off of the market, 225K potentially off the market for like everybody on this game. That's where I think you could see the market dropping off. So speaking of the market, where are prices right now? Well, since yesterday on FIFA was kind of a quiet day, you saw some people like, oh my goodness, and we didn't have any like leaks or any information about these new packs. So you saw a lot of people go out on the market and buy some cards up because they were like, I don't wanna miss the low point. I wanna get involved with some of these low prices. And there doesn't seem to be a lot of panic selling, right? So you saw guys like this Lucas Mora. He's at that base back down a little bit right now. But Lucas Mora went from 470,000 coins back up to 515K. A lot of the market rebounded pretty well honestly, especially on cards that are popular in Meta. I bought some Twanzebes at 165,000 coins and I sold them just a little bit ago in the high 170s just because I think that there could be a little bit more panic selling coming. Now I've also bought, like I bought some Surge Nabri headliners, right? As I kind of went shopping yesterday and bought some cards that I thought, you know, were pretty cheap and I would like for a potential rise later on. So Surge Nabri I bought for 170K. You know, he's right now up to 190,000 coins. I'm not gonna sell this card right now at the moment, right? He's already up in price. So I'm not gonna be selling that. I don't think he's gonna drop back down really fast. So I've got some other quick flips inside of here. I bought some Bruno Fernandez and just some other cards, some rare cards in this game that I was trying for a quick flip. But a lot of those cards went up, right? And we take a look at a lot of these prices. Again, that was kind of what happened yesterday is we didn't have insane, we actually had like no content yesterday on Monday except for a pack supply SPC. So people went out on the market and they bought some cards up, right? Hazard is a perfect example of this. He's almost back to 200K. He was 180 all morning, no content, bang. Right back up to 190. You take a look on this list here. Anthony Marchial, he was down at 500 in like 20, 530,000 coins yesterday and bang, up to 560. So a 50,000 coin rise on this card. One card that I was watching very closely yesterday was Gabriel Jesus, the fire item.  That's up 100K. He was 630, 640 yesterday morning and he's up to 739. So I know that some of these cards have gone up a decent amount in price and some of you guys may feel like you have missed the window, but like we talked about in yesterday's investing video, there's gonna be multiple up and down points throughout this week where you're gonna have opportunities to get in on some cards on this market where there's multiple areas of panic selling. So if a card that you wanted to buy or invest in is maybe up a little bit in price, then you might have another opportunity to catch some panic selling on the market with the hero player pick and with the 85 times three because even though that 85 times three is again only 50 to 75,000 coins per times three, right? Because if you're doing it, attackers, midfielders and defenders, if they do it just like the 83 plus, then that's gonna drain 200 K plus from a lot of people's accounts. So I do feel like there is gonna be some more panic selling to be happening on this market, but if you bought some cards at really low prices, like again, if you bought like Kingsley Coleman was like 450 K and he's up to 492. That was a card I was watching, right? I don't feel like you really have to go in panic sell any of the stuff that you invested in that has gone up a little bit, right? That's not what I'm sitting here trying to tell you today. All I'm trying to say is there's gonna be another point where you might see some selling and you might have another potential entry point on some of these cards, right? Joao Felix was 530 K. He's now up to 565, you know, DeMaria's 353. He's up a little bit more even. Militia was 680. He barely dropped. I bought a Suarez yesterday at 250. I sold him at 275 or something like that. So that's what I'd be watching out for on the market today would be more of that panic selling, right? Again, as we talked about in yesterday's video, finding some cards that you really just wanna put some coins into, whether it's for your team, whether it's for an investment, whatever the reason may be, some of these baby icons as well, there could be some more panic selling on these items in the next couple of days just because of the big SBCs that are coming, right? When EA releases big content that causes people to sell cards to go get that content done, that's why you see the drop in the market. And you're seeing the drop in these hero cards because of that player pick SBC and they're fearing that people are gonna pack them. So that's why you're seeing the drops on those, but that's kind of the story of the market right now. SBC fodder continues to be pretty high. 88 rated cards are still 30,000 coins. Again, you look at some guys like Holland, he's still 30K. Again, with these more SBCs coming out, if you're somebody that's been holding onto fodder like, man, I need this to go up a couple more thousand coins, here's another opportunity for you, right? For people to go out and to buy some of this SBC fodder to do SBCs with, it only bodes well for you if you still have any of this SBC fodder that is in your club or any of your investments that you've made. So in my opinion, what I would do is if you want to do the 85 plus times three, I would go out and I would maybe stock up on a few of these because seriously, people have a serious FOMO when it comes to these packs and they will do them whatever they cost. The 85 plus times three, if that is today, I would prepare for it. I really would. I'd go out, buy a couple 83s, 84s, 85s. I know they're inflated, but if you don't have the stuff in the club to do the SBCs and you're trying to pack team of the years, the smart thing to do would just be go buy a couple so that you can do a couple 85 rated squads, maybe an 86 rated squad depending on what they price it and then you're good. So that's what I would do with those because I know a lot of us are just trying to pack team of the years. And again, that's gonna create more market movements on a lot of these cards. Now one quick thing that I have heard as well, I think this was from Arcade who just tweeted this out a bit ago. Fofana won't be in team of the week according to a leak. So that's why you see this Fofana going down a little bit. Other market movements from yesterday, Rafael Leal and Milan actually lost. So this card dropped off, I don't know where he's at. Let me just look him up on the game. Rafael Leal, the headliners item, he was 150,000 coins yesterday. I bought a couple in the 140s, sold them at 157 and they'll, he scored in the game but they lost two to one on a late, late goal. But his card has dropped down a lot. Again, because of course, one thing that I want you guys to remember is that if a team loses like this Rafael Leal card, he won two games in a row. To get the plus one headliners streak, they have to win four games in a row. So just because they won two games and lost a third doesn't mean that his next game will count as a third win. That means he has completely reset and Milan have to win another four games in a row in the league to get a plus one upgrade in this card. So that is why you saw Leal drop off a lot yesterday and I feel like there were people investing in this too because they're like, man, I thought Leal was going to drop down maybe even below 100K at some point but he kind of stopped here at 115 and people were investing in him. I saw some people buying him off the market. So I would just be very, very careful with that. And again, as we head into this later parts of this week continue to watch the market and the fluctuations and some of these cards, if you want to buy them for your team or if you want to invest in them and you're picking the cards that you want to buy, you know, there's going to be more periods. Like again, we see with these packs that are potentially coming out. There's really not going to be a really push up on the market as a lot of people won't be going out and just spending loads of coins on buying cards for their teams until later on this weekend. I think it's going to be Friday when we actually have team of the year cards supposedly in packs. That's when you'll start to see this stuff going up and you'll start to see the market really take off. So we have a few days until then, of course, so just continue to watch the content and don't feel like you missed out because you didn't, right? You didn't. You didn't miss out on the market rise. Man, I bought two van purchase stay at 630. If that's six 51 sells, then my two cards that I've got listed at 680 are going to be the cheapest ones. And I really, really want those to sell, man. So kind of hoping for that tonight before we get into the new day today on Tuesday before maybe some of these SBCs do come out. So keep an eye on the market. Continue to watch player prices if you're wanting to invest because I do think you might see some dips in the coming couple days. There's probably going to be some more team of the week leaks starting today on Tuesday, so just be careful with that. Definitely watch the Ben Yetter headliners cards. This is one last shout I'll give to end the video today. Sorry, not headliners, signature signings. Ben Yetter had the headliner last year. Keep an eye on this card because one little bit of information I want to give you is if Ben Yetter gets in team of the week, there is going to be an 86 rated Ben Yetter in the team of the week. It will not be as good as this card but it's going to be one fifth of the price. So just like we saw with the signature signings at all, when the Inform 84 at all came out even though it was not as good as the signature signings card, it was close. So the signature signings version got sold off incredible amount. So be very careful as I'm trying to look for the 84 at all. Right here, be very careful. If we do get a Ben Yetter Inform this week, even though the SS Ben Yetter is down, the signature signings one, I think that this one could drop further because just how cheap the brand new team of the week Ben Yetter is going to be and how it won't be super crazy different stat wise from this one. So just be very careful with that. This is a card that you're looking into and wanting to get. That's just a specific situation that I wanted to point out right here in this video. So there's going to be more insane packs coming. I'm starting to craft. I've got some cards unassigned because I've been doing the 81 plus packs and I am continually crafting those, draining my coins into that. But hopefully it all is worth it by packing some team of the year cards. So that's the video for today boys. I want to talk about these big time SBCs and how they could really impact the market a decent amount over the next couple of days when they get dropped. So if you enjoyed today's video, make sure to put a thumbs up on it, comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe if you're new. It's been Nathan Fodekal and I'll catch you guys later. Peace.


A warm welcome once again to this lecture series. A lecture series designed to help you conduct your own research. Please read through this page. Now healthcare science, biological sciences, life sciences, we are really growing up as far as science is concerned. I use physics as an example of a hard science, a science where we have so much knowledge today. But in healthcare we're digging deeper and it's important for all of us to understand how to conduct proper research. Enjoy this lecture series.


I've worked with Interpol a couple of different times during my career once in the U.S. government as Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans, Environment and Science. We worked very cooperatively to battle against illegal activity related to logging, fishing and the trafficking in ozone-depleting chemicals. And then later on, and it's continuing today, when I worked in the private sector with His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Interpol has worked with us to cooperate on the financial crime related to wildlife crime. We formed an experts group on wildlife crime and money laundering, and Interpol is a member of that. We work with banks, we work with law enforcement, we work with governments and others to follow the money related to wildlife crime and to hopefully in the end apprehend the organized criminals that are involved in this activity. And it's my hope that Interpol in the future will continue this work with us and help to build capacity among the governments who really need to strengthen their ability to pursue the financial crime related to wildlife crime. If that can happen then we can take a big step towards pulling elephants, rhinos and tigers off of the brink of extinction that they're on now.


Felly, ydych chi'n gwybod yn ffocos, mae ydych chi'n rhan i'r wrthag o'r llawdd arfer o gyfrifoldau cyhoedd ymddiannol. Ond, byddwch yn ddweud i'r ymddiannol i'n ddau'r profiad ystygleth sydd o'r cyfrifoldau cyhoedd, mae'n cyfrifoldau sydd o'r strategiaid coordinadol, lle mae'n cael ei gwybodaeth ymddiannol gwithio'r cyfrifoldau yn ymddiannol ymddiannol. if indeed the extractive sector is going to realise benefit for its citizens and for the societies. So I'm going to be looking at some of the multiple domestic policies as a lot of silo with thinking around the resource sectors. I'm looking at some of the silo thinking how we get that to be more joined up. So when you look at what is already out there there's a fantastic framework already which you're all familiar with. that this follows on from the MDGs. But the interesting thing about the SDGs is that they provide opportunity for business to be engaged and deliver of the SDGs. This is a difference from the previous MDGs and importantly, partnerships for development. And it's this linking between the public, private and community which again is so central to really realising benefits. So I want to give you a couple of examples ac yn y bwg. A gennym digwydd o ein gwyl sy'n ddefnyddio gwaith ar gyfer y CEO ym gyfanyddol gwahanol a'r gweithio. Mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio o'r unrhyw ac o'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio o'r gweithio'r OXID o'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio? Ac mae'n ffoirio i'r ddweud y cwyl ac mae'r gweithio'n gweithio sy'n lle'i gweithio gyd inside o'r cymuned o'r eich ei ddweud o'r cyfrannu ..a'r digw'r fawr i'r rhan o'r bwysig. Ystod y bydd y rhan o'r bwysig ar 2004. Mae'r cyfnodd trwyddiant yn ei wneud... ..y'r cyfrwyddo'r cyfrwyddiant a'r cyfrwyddiant yn y rhan o'r llwyddiant. Mae'r pwyllt yma yw ystod y gofoddiant yna... ..ynddech chi'n meddwl i'r peirio... ..ynddyn nhw'n meddwl i'r llwyddiant... ..ynddyn nhw'n meddwlio'r cyfrwyddiant... ..yna'r bwysig ar gyfer y mawr o phobl... a'r hyn sy'n meddwl ffDI, y cyffredin iaith. A gynhyrch o'r cyfrifedau cyllid yn gyfrifedig o'r cyfrifedau. Mae'r ddod yn ymddindol yn ddod o'r ddod yn ydw i. A mae ydw i'n gweithio'r ddod yn ymddindol, mae'n cael ei gallu diodd yn ymddindol, fel Alun Sirt, dwi'n arbenig o'r cyfrifedau o'r 20, 30, 50 yma y dyma'r ddisod. Mae'n ddod yn y ddod yn ddod. Mae'n ddod yn ddod yn yr ymddindol, Mae'r informatio'n ddod. Mae'r cyhoedd o'r penderfyniadau, i gyntaf, yn Lau PDR, sydd wedi'u llyfrgell iawn.  A gweithio'n cyfrifio yma eich cyfrifau i gyflygio'r ysgolwyr, a roedd y cyfrifau a'r cyfrifau a'r cyfrifau o'r ysgolwyr. Mae'r ddweud ymddangos yn ymddangos ymddangos ymddangos ymddangos yr hwnnw, mae'n gweithio'r ddweud ymddangos ar y cyfrifau. Mae'n angen i gael yn gweithio, a'n angen i'ch gweithio. You worked with us in the World Bank on the hydropower sector. He said we are a hydro power country. We are not a mining country. So I said well Mr Minister you are indeed a hydro power country, but these numbers are showing you that mining is very important to your foreign investment, your exports, your tax revenues and even employment and poverty reduction which we looked. So this is a sort of information that for policymakers cyn ydych chi'n gwneud yr arwain sy'n gweithio'r ffordd gwybodaeth, dyna'r hynny'n meddwl y ffordd yn gweithio'r bod yn bwysig o ran ychydig o daeth y cyflawn o'r wyf. Mae yna'r gwneud o'r ffordd. Mae hynny wedi fy nghylch ymlaen i'r llyw oall, ond efallai yna'r ffordd yn gweithio. Ond rydyn ni'n gweithio'r gweithio'r bobl y pwysig o ffordd hwnnw ymlaen o'r gwaith ymlaen o'r gwneud o'r hwnnw, can potentially be involved in making sure that these big investments actually translate into benefits. Now Joe Stiglitz this morning talked a lot about the resource sector governance. We don't need to go over infrastructure and community engagement. I'm going to give you an example in the next slides. Environmental protection, though, there are, as Alan's already said, IFC have got very internationally recognised standards on minimising the negative impact. There's a lot of opportunities to really enhance the environmental aspects of these investments, but where I see a real gap is in renewables. There are one billion people around the world who do not have access to electricity, so this could be integrated into the investment in an oil, gas or mining. It would also be a benefit for the resource companies. What people don't really often appreciate is that these companies are huge consumers of energy themselves, just in their own operations. They are consuming a huge amount of electricity, so that could potentially come from renewables, but you need to be thinking about that government needs to be. Those are some of the opportunities. Evelyn's talked about local content, Joe talked about revenue matters. With social and economic development, it really comes back to where is the long-term vision for the country and citizens to benefit, and it's a question of how you get that to be mobilised. One of the real lessons that's come out of this work is collaboration is absolutely key. Of course governments can do a lot, companies can do a lot, NGOs and others can do much, but if you can join up those efforts, you get much more benefits, both locally, which is absolutely critical because as many of you know, the negative impacts of these investments fall at the local level. At the national level, that's where the big benefits are, so there's a real disconnect between the local and the national. Let me talk a bit about Brazil. We looked at a project in Pará State. This is one of the least developed states in Brazil. It's right in the middle of the Amazon jungle, so there's a lot of the companies there have many sort of mandatory and voluntary initiatives around helping communities for infrastructure, helping access on capacity building, public administration, et cetera. But what really struck us when we looked at Vale's operations there was how formalised they got a system going, which started out with the government's environmental licensing permit, so every company had to have an environmental licensing permit. They took that as a starting point, but they consulted with the regulator, got agreement with them, and then they did a diagnostic in all the municipalities that they were touching or working in. They did a diagnostic socioeconomic diagnostic, so they took their own investment plans for the next 25, 30 years, and worked out what that would mean in terms of needs for schools, need for better or more infrastructure, particularly if it didn't roads, very rare in that area. What sort of public services would be needed on the back of this investment that they'd already worked out for those municipalities in Pará State? They also agreed to connect up the municipalities with Brasilia. Now, if you've been to Brazil, you'll know it's a huge country. Municipalities in remote Pará State never, ever go to Brasilia, and likewise the federal government can take a while. So they offered also to connect up the municipality concerns and issues with Brasilia. This was all formalised in a letter of agreement. These letters of agreement then set out the roles and responsibilities, what was the company going to do, what were the municipalities going to do, what was the federal government going to do. So this was all set out in these letters of agreement which were then published, and so they could be held to account. There was some record of who was going to do what at what time frame. So this is an example where, of course, the company could have come along and said, okay, we'll invest in a road here, or the government would say we'll contribute some schools there. But by having a diagnostic, a plan, formalised roles and responsibilities, it really put it into a much more structured, and we also looked at the poverty changes, and there was some significant changes in poverty, but I haven't time to go into that here. So this is now my last slide, and it's really about bringing this all together. So coming back to what we've been hearing again from this morning is how do you go about developing this long-term vision and all-of-government approach. As I've mentioned, really getting the data is so important. Everybody has different perceptions of how big or how small the sector is. So having the numbers, which have been agreed in what we did in all cases was to have multi-stakeholder workshops, review the draft evidence, bring in pieces that we're missing, and then you've got an agreed evidence base to start to look at the second phase, which is what are the implications for the country of this sector, and if you've got the future scenarios for investment, which companies can provide, as I say, all companies have that, for their own investment needs, they have that, but that's often not shared with government. So then you can start to understand, well, where are the opportunities for this particular country, and then what are the requirements, the sorts of things that Evelyn was touching on, and it goes way beyond the typical, you know, as I say, sort of short term, looking at the skills, infrastructure opportunities, how is the financial management, how is the transparency. So there's a whole number of issues that you can start to understand, but then bringing government people together with the companies together with civil society, religious groups are often very important in a number of countries. Having that multi-stakeholder discussion, and really then having the conversation about, well, what are the strategic priorities of our country? It's not something that has been imposed from the outside, this is something that the country, the stakeholders decide. These are what we want to achieve, these are the gaps, this is how we get, so then who's going to help us get there? And I want to say that Alan's point about the timeline, this is a real tension in these conversations, because Alan mentioned that companies are taking a 20, 50, 100 year governments we heard a lot, it's four, five, six years. If you look at investors, what are they focusing on? Quarterly returns, every company is being, you know, the investors, the investment flows are extremely important, as Evelyn has been saying. Communities, what do they want? They want jobs, and they want them tomorrow. So their timeframe is immediate. Investors are quarterly, governments three to five years, companies longer, so let me stop there with that key message that how can we bring these dimensions together, and there are some processes to do that, thank you.