Thank you all for coming back in now. I'm holding my breath. Did we all lose our steam and What do we have enough coffee? We can keep the conversation going. I guess we'll find out by by seeing show of hands What kind of questions did we come up with while we're out there? We've got our panel back here and we really want to be in a position to Not necessarily stand up here and say here are the answers because we don't have the answers We can give you all tools we can give you the benefit of our research We can give you guys what's happening down at URI, but as I said in answer to a question early this afternoon this morning You're the frontline defense out there Land use is a local prerogative and like it or not. Unfortunately, you guys are on the front line So how can we help you out? So ask away. We've got some great Lawsons, yes, ma'am That I've looked into that somewhat moving forward with my research and some of it spelled out by statutory obligations maintaining a road the highway is controlled by the statute and to abandon that you have to hold a public hearing So on so forth and what's interesting about that is in the cases that exist so far the duty to notify the parties that have had standing to challenge Town is Holding up road infrastructure have been people that up on the section of road Hasn't yet been case law looking at a section of road That's necessary for people downstream to gain access to the house So that's still an area that hasn't been developed in the case law before The flooding took place because the backfilling of the storm drain, and I'm curious about Jenny that seems to write up your ally because that's an affirmative duty once you build it There's more than one picture that showed cars under water, so you know clearly that's that's a problem So is your question if your storm drain is making the problem worse? Yeah, I mean, I think that's exactly the situation that I was getting at in my presentation that if you had never built the storm drain there You could maybe argue this is you know more an act of God something beyond the city's control But once you build the storm drain if it's making the flooding worse And I think there's a much stronger argument for a plaintiff to say the city needed to do something to Expand the system or do something else to try to ameliorate the flooding So your question about it being ten million dollars or whatever cost it would be I think that gets to the breach question You know where you have to start to think about what are your resources? What else might that ten million go to are there other things you could do that are more cost effective? And what kind of damage would you be preventing by spending the ten million if you're going to prevent way more damage than that Then maybe it's you know, you should do it. So it is very fact specific I don't have I can't obviously predict how a specific case would turn out But I think all of those factors would be relevant And yeah to the extent that you can do things that are cheaper It wouldn't necessarily mean expanding the storm system itself right if there are more indirect ways you can prevent the flooding Through I think in the Chicago case. They said there should have been sandbags put in place when they knew the storm was coming You know there are other things, but it's a good question. I mean those are exactly the things you should be thinking about Or maybe perhaps I can make sure Yeah, I mean my question is all right we're doing this all the time every new subdivision so we're getting drainage easements and Nowadays they're likely to be flowing into swales rather than storm drains But either way we're getting drainage easements that allow us to drain our roads onto your private property And that's what they're for for their purpose of draining the water and we don't specify Not more than so many gallons per minute or something. We just have an open-ended drainage easement So if the weather is getting worse and the flooding is getting worse and we're draining more water Is there really any municipal liability if we have an easement to give us a as long as we don't tie in more Roadway to it as long as it's just God that's bringing more water if it's just more climate that way Why would there be liability for the town? Because I think the town by creating that storm drain in the first place has created a dangerous condition Despite the fact that that condition didn't exist when the town first built the storm drain It's now becoming a dangerous condition because of increased precipitation and flood conditions in general So I think based on what I've seen both in Rhode Island and elsewhere the way the waivers of immunity are written in the way the statutes define Duty easily be read into that it doesn't say that there's a dangerous condition at the time The infrastructure was built says there's a dangerous condition that the city knows about created and failed to warn or remedy Right, so even if that condition was created later I mean this happens like with sidewalks. There's a crack in the sidewalk It wasn't built that way in first place it happened later, but I'm not talking about a failure in design I'm not talking about right, you know I understand if we've got the storm drain and it gets clogged up and it backs up or if it cracks and Stuff like that, but let's say it's functioning just fine. It's just carrying more water Then it It's handling it was built to oversized capacity anyway, so it's still handling it It's just flowing more water Right, but it's channeling more water into a place and it's causing property damage because of that Sure, this this swale which used to only have water in it This swale which used to be the tension pond ends up becoming a retention pond because there's so much water I Mean I think that's look at the st. Bernard parish case right they built this canal to be 500 meters it became 1500 and it's channeling way more water Right, I mean it's somewhat analogous to what you're saying I think that the city the Army Corps of Engineers the federal government didn't cause the storm They didn't cut nobody maybe even you could argue they shouldn't have predicted it But that channel that canal caused the water to go where it did the water was going to come anyway But it the liability came from the failure to maintain The canal at the designated width So like in your analogy with the drainage thing if we had a swell and the swell got much bigger than right Our liability is we failed to maintain our drainage thing But Yeah, I Think it's a risk. Yeah, it's not black and white It's definitely it depends on the facts It depends on all of these things how much how much has precipitation increased since you built it How much is the capacity is it properly maintained all of that? But I think that's definitely something that would open you up to some risk of liability Yeah, it seems it seems to me that what we're seeing here And I've heard it this morning. I heard this afternoon is what I think someone said it best a few minutes ago What used to be an act of God which was a complete shield is now becoming a active government perhaps because of sea level rise and because of all this information we have and does that whole idea of Forsee ability Raised to the level of an affirmative duty We don't have seen any courts have said that yet And I know there's a lot of folks out there to saying their cities and towns are recalcitrant or whatever We don't they don't want to hear about telling people know they don't want to hear about tearing houses down They don't want to hear about regulations that are not going to allow building it after a storm but if the courts are going in this direction and Dries he's heard from John and other speakers. We're seeing that if it becomes an affirmative duty Where you all we all your municipalities your frontline folks have to start taking into consideration? That sea level is rising and you have to do something about that and if not you're going to be liable Then then you could something's gonna have to be done and that's why we here We want to share with you our ideas But you what you need to give us the feedback so we can implement it what Mike there's a woman up here I had a question hand up before you To answer your question the experts yes called the beach stamp team And that's what they've been trying to do for a couple of years now and with this outreach to cities and towns this meeting included We're trying to do that. We're trying to educate you folks We're trying to say we've got this wealth of knowledge and now with the lawyers you guys Voicing your opinions and chiming in as to how you'd like to use some of this information to best defend a potential cause of action in the future Maybe we can come up with some kind of technical Assistance program or some kind of legislative package that'll give you the leg of the legal support that you need So don't doesn't have to fly all these experts out They still have to fly them out Mike There's a difference between taking and tort and you know when I hear about this case out of Louisiana St. Bernard Parish versus and the Miff or Mizz Riv go project and I hear about Clearing to maintain and channeling the borders. Oh, that's negligence. It is okay That's not taking stuff and we you know, I don't know anything But what troubles me about that case Is it so much that the judge might hold it there's liabilities? But that the judge would hold it for speaking He's that completely obliterates the distinction which must be there between taking and If there is liability on the government there, I think it's a terrible stretch against it. It should be Under a tort theory that the government somehow neglected its duty say well, what there is a big Bible I think it makes it too big Number one is a practical difference under tort. Yeah, you're tort claims that You know, you have no interest now. I know All kinds of you know, technical Person but But the second thing is that it really creates a Vagueness to the whole taking stock such as some soon old work Absolutely, if you fall on the sidewalk because the city hasn't maintained the sidewalk because it's a crack and you know Is that an invasion of property Or it's a tort, you know, it's like a water wax or anything like that and if you happen to tear your overcoat Which is property in the course of falling the cycle is that all of a sudden conversion If that's the case, then you've just constitutionalized Every possible claim that there might be against the government and that's a very dangerous thing I think that's a very stupid observation for several points one To that is what I was going to talk about if I got to my slideshow and basically what happened here is that The best say for not parish district court case John down there took your guidance from the United States Supreme Court in the Arkansas case And if you read this five prong test the US Supreme Court promulgated in the Arkansas case, you'll see that smacks of a Constitutional talk if you will it's stable just but it's under the guidance of a taking and that's where The sacred line about a Washington decided to go with the same so a lot of that can't be blamed upon The district court doesn't go on but a lot of it goes to the Supreme Court You're not the only person who holds that opinion for sure. I think John ecchia very it's ever Yeah, oh, I have no idea. I've only seen it in right. I think he worked with us appellate He wrote on his blog the same thing basically that you just said and you know It's only one or two cases that have done this We don't know they may appeal and lose right this could be the end, but yeah, I agree with you a hundred percent It's blurring that line definitely It did have the notion of the flow Which is the right to flood the land of another which was a recognized common law We have an interest in property that you were arguing But a guy ripped his overcoat. We're CPO And I would say that one time event with Canal channels of waters and apples victims, you know, that's more like I mean, I don't know if I would draw the distinction about it being a one-time event I think though St. Farn, St. Bernard Parish did go a lot further than Arkansas fishing game because Arkansas fishing game basically held that Temporary flooding caused by a government right up there. Yeah That the temporary flooding is not Categorially exempt from taking analysis, right? But I think in that case it was a more affirmative government action with Right, but I would say even if they just flooded it once still it's the government saying we're opening this dam Whereas in St. Bernard Parish there wasn't a moment at which the government did something and caused the flooding So I agree with you that and I think it's questionable Can I just add on the Arkansas case too because that case just said that Those allegations were sufficient to survive a motion to dismiss and that the court was not going to reach these other issues of foreseeability of The length of period of time and it just it threw those out there But it just said for purposes of a motion to dismiss and and and Justice Ginsburg wrote that decision said I want to be perfectly clear this is all we're doing here today and and you know Actually spent a whole lot of time that decision saying don't take things in a decision out of context And it says something the number one rule of statutory and case law interpretations read on And so they really went out of their way to say these are things we're talking about what we're not deciding Just that and I think the judge in St. Bernard Parish took that and ran a long way Just to bring it back to what I was a case You had a case someone's over Presentation and it was like somebody with an H Versus how Lincoln and there is another case somebody in nature And Harris had a Lincoln the town had sewage pumping stations stacked and you're really drove a neighbor out of their home and We're really kind of go over ready for six people and no problem saying this is like a nuisance or private nuisance type liability You know, and you're liable for the fair amount of value that all And then there was also a case claim She said of course, it's not taking the taking is taking about me. So at least you're a rival And I think we have to insist and and also the There were many people who brought a tort claim in New Orleans as well And they lost because under the federal tort claims act well first They won actually first the Fifth Circuit said yes This is a tort then without real explanation the Fifth Circuit reversed itself and said no This falls into the discretionary function exception to the federal tort claims act So they lost then later they won on the taking so it's not really you know like what you said before it's not meaningless It's not just trading one liability for the other It's questionable whether it's discretionary function actually that's that's a legitimate argument One last question take to try to regulate building or rebuilding a people's property unless the enabling legislation was substantially strengthened and became much more specific and much less gentle at the start. Preferably, I would like to see the state legislature do what they did with EDM and tell towns they're regulating wetlands on top of wetlands. And you can't do that anymore. The states are going to control the state wetlands. Correct, correct. And I think that you guys have all the data, you guys have all the maps, you guys have all the overlays. And I would prefer to see coastal resources management council take control over regulating whether people are going to be able to build or rebuild on paints. We have 39 cities in town. Not all of them are particularly affected by it. But rather than have every city in town try to adopt their own plan or approach to this, I'd rather see the legislature direct CRMC than directly direct EDM. One observation. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. Maybe well, then recognize coastal zone and sector to be beyond the no feature, et cetera, et cetera. But what about what's coming down the pipe that introduced the talk about earlier, riverine flooding, and flooding that's coming down the Blackstone Valley, water shift that's going to impact Lincoln, it's going to impact the top, it's going to impact a lot of inland cities. That's nothing to do with stone surrogate, but everything to do with rivers. Those cities in town need the same kind of solid that you guys do. Not sure that you can see the regulatory zone even further than what I already had in such a grand idea, I'm not going to speak for the council in a little while, but I'm just going to say that we transition into Teresa and Julia right now, but I see hands up there, but is it you guys that are coming up? Do you print your turn? Do you print your turn? At your room. At your room. At your room. Thank you. In this last session, last part of the session, thank you everybody for sticking with us all day. This has been a really good discussion, and we're so, as somebody who's been involved in this body, this work for the last three years, and now involved in the beach sample as much as I am, it's so great to be able to talk about these complex topics with knowledgeable people more so than just our smaller team. So, Julia and I wanted to really end the day by asking you all, how can we help you? With all the discussion that we've had today, we really want to know what kind of resources you all need to start to get your municipalities mobilized around this topic. And we just heard one idea. But I just wanted to, and Julia, do you want to add anything to? I think we heard actually a few ideas. So, I was writing them down in that last session, and folks are definitely willing or happy to listen to them again. So, I'll put them down during this session. I thought Jen's comment about having a bank of experts that could be called in for any time that there's a lack of municipal capability at looking at certain permits was a great idea. And that's something we can certainly look into establishing and finding folks to start on. Pam earlier, during a break, brought up the idea that we have our property guide, which has 10 questions that someone may be asking when looking at a specific property and question whether or not we could have a guide like that for legal questions. I thought that's a good way to start off this conversation. If we were to have 10 questions that we really need to ask, 10 legal questions that would be a helpful guide to give to municipalities in thinking through some of these issues, what would those 10 questions be? But I don't want to put in too many ideas. I don't want to hear what you guys have to tell us, and I know Theresa feels the same way. I think Jennifer and John's presentations are very good outline of the type of information that you need to share. Is this type of activity a taking? What circumstances might it be? I think that was very good presentations in the order of that. I would add to that though a little primer for information. And I don't know how you asked these in the form of a question. I would never go with jewellery. See, the other forms of land use law in Rhode Island and then some thumbnails of certain cases specific to Rhode Island. Because there are some quotable quotes like more than a scintilla, less than a compliance. Everyone should know that it's perfectly clear. And those are the types of things that I would ask. Other thoughts, ideas? How many? Yeah, okay. One for one. No, I was just going to say I guess I thought the presentations were great and I'm wondering if they should trickle down to like volunteer board members and how much, because it's a lot of information and you kind of do need to have a little bit of background on this one. Anyway, I'm wondering if like a list of resources or like a beginner's guide or something. And I'm saying this is I'm just going to put any board minds on so I'm thinking of what I would need and maybe like an online module or something that people could do. Self-paced and low fits with those books and workshops. So maybe something like that. Very good. Sir. This isn't so much a comment or a concern, it's more just a general statement as to what kind of a guy was saying earlier. Obviously we all think this is a big issue that we need to plan for. But I think putting down the facts and the municipalities is most likely a big dream. Because people are, we don't have an idea of what mechanisms to do. We don't have many of the mechanisms to start the new mansions that are going on. How are we going to deny some way to develop that problem? Not only that, but from town to town we have different dynamics, different people. There's going to be no consistency. And in fact, it can be ineffective to rely on the independent towns to implement that. I think, more or less what Dono was saying is having one state body create some kind of oral issue or something that we weigh in on these properties that are damaged by storms on certain circumstances and if they extend inland it mimics the same problem. The same way that TDM does with CRMC with their wealth. You know, the same proposal and the same type of thing. I mean, we have TDM permanent septic systems towns have no say in that. That's not a problem, that makes out fine. But I think to be effective it needs to come from one body that has the ability to push that into the consistent across the board. Otherwise, really it's going to be bringing the prayer for hoping to get a town to actually stand up and say, yes, we're going to do it and deal with the ramifications afterwards. I mean, forget about just thinking that you can't build on it. Now you're up to the line. It makes it really hard to see it being federal. Okay, so more state guidance. So along those lines I was thinking of maybe like a long ordinance if you can find, you know, something that you could develop.  We pretty much have to adopt a verbatim while we can't participate in the political insurance program. So something like that might be good.  So I sort of feel like it's a little bit of a, you know, in my mind a little bit about maybe a conflict where you're saying on one hand if you build your house according to these requirements you're good to go but, oh wait, I don't really want to build it there at all. So, you know, it'd be interesting to see how those two different thoughts would develop into, you know, one model where there's new parts. In my mind I sort of conflicted about, you know, you've got to have the zoning that says okay in this area you can't build or in this area you can but you have to be certain to stand. I get, I think, you know. How did it capture that conflicting development concepts? I get what you're, I'm picking up what you're throwing down but I'm trying to capture it in a blurb. Well, the second thing so you said, do you want to talk about those ones that are conflicting development? Yeah, I think conflicting development requirements, yeah. Regs? Okay. I don't know if that has come up before with what we're trying to do. FEMA does draw the line with corbizomes and not allowing obstruction of payment. If they do, if you can you're not insurable and you can't handle that. I think maybe in this case that these vulnerable areas are easy to get exacted damage to get treated. Right. The coastal barrier research is at CPRA. CPRA. And those ones are mapped by FEMA but not every time it has those results. So as a component of a lot of ordinance you almost need to have a mapping to determine where and how you should prohibit development or prohibit rebuilding and then the mapping goes into the dot post. The FEMA model. Before you get to a lot of ordinance the state-level, state-enabling has to grant the authority to the communities to zone for this specific purpose. Of course, what is said can be about that better if it's an authorization, it's a delegation of that police power. But to get that to Jason's point, I believe what he was trying to say is we're more than happy to let the state do the regulation. And the state take charge of that. This way it's not in the vast communities we don't have to worry about whether or not there's a planner or a GIS specialist in the community to actually be able to handle this stuff. But before you get to a lot of ordinance you have to have specific and able legislation. And there is precedent for it, as I said earlier, specifically housing. And we should utilize that as we're going to sell that this is the next step. That on the EC4 their work is probably going to be the way the process is done. My last comment would be that all of us for the municipal level we can work from the bottom up in trying to change minds and improve the culture and the attitudes of the local government but the state agencies really are going to top down and I know you answered other people so you know what kind of concerns those are. But without the elected officials at the state level owning this idea and understanding that they're living up to responsibility there's really not much that we can do. Correct. I just have a question for Robert Ryan but is serious jurisdiction currently based on where the current location of the coastal features even though you know that coastal feature will be changing in the next 20-plus years? That's a great question. Where is it? I mean it's a coastal physiographic feature that is an evolving space but remember that if that moves the jurisdiction moves with it Right, but if you often though CRPC knows with as much certainty as you can have that this is going to change you still only have the ability today so we brought in an application to regulate within X number of feet of coastal feet We have two types of jurisdiction below me water exclusive jurisdiction and we have above me and high water which is concurrent with the Music College 200 feet inland from the coastal coastal physiographic feature that necessary to carry out a meaningful mix I'm just saying that perhaps changing that jurisdiction will attract a definition we have a point and we didn't get to it because of a bunch of ones that listened to you guys and you listened to me my presentation is going to be on that point I'm going to talk a little bit more about how that would work in O'Reilly because the courts have been very silent in O'Reilly on the issue of Abulsion and the theory there is that we know we've litigated the death thank you Mike and Brian and everybody else here the issue of the public trust doctrine being high water and Gibson and me the whole nine yards are being high tidaline we have property property different the doctrine of Abulsion is completely different it's a property law doctrine even though the property owner may be owning it for purposes of a migratory shoreline from which you establish a setback to be taken from the Abulsion line that occurred as of the last storm this was discussed in 7th versus 10th in Texas and for other cases it's something that I think has some teeth and I'll gladly talk to you about Brian when I talk to Brian because 7th Madison and some of the case law seems to support the idea of this whole common law theory of Abulsion where a property owner has a reasonable rate of law follow back to the original timeline kind of may not be really my goal the CRC jurisdiction simply man made law they don't change it without having to stick to a scientific no this is a legal principle because what you don't want to do is start to run a file for any public trust document property life that the Supreme Court has already spoken on that you don't want to get into a company TV you want to get into a more property law CRC could say CRC now has jurisdiction within all areas where mapping shows in a 5 foot C level rise would affect that area Other ideas other thoughts I think so it would be helpful Is there been any buzz on the street in any municipalities of legal challenges related to storm events past or more recent this has been going back and forth on the regulatory plan part of what we're trying to provide the cities and towns which I discussed a little bit is infrastructure fuels development and the cities and towns controlling the infrastructure and what gets repaired and rebuilt that is going to have some sort of file on development I think that is an area where the cities and towns can play a great role I think it comes from what I've realized where they expand the infrastructure or where they don't expand the infrastructure in terms of these events I just wanted to say in keeping with some of the things that are sort of underlying on the education front and getting the message across the municipalities the EC4 advisory board is working on that specific thing trying to do basically what we're doing here today specifically to planning boards zoning boards and sort of get the topic before them so they know what questions to at least be considering so it's not really buzz on the street about legal issues but it's something that is being worked on at a different level so stay tuned I guess it's a topic that's being knocked around a lot Oh, yeah Bill, about that I agree education to the municipal boards and like officials but also to have materials that go along with that because I know on my level I see so much better work so I could have a board that's heard the whole thing 10 times over and then 6 months from now I've been tired of using that basis if I had something I could give them to help them prepare for the to sit on these boards and make these decisions I think the online module that could be made available to view at your leisure is probably a pretty effective way to get the information out there make it bite-sized and just hope that they get to pick the way out a little bit with Chris's question You asked about cases I've not heard of any litigation going on right now but I did plan to speak a little bit to um matters that are concerned to planning boards they're starting to look at this stuff and say how are we going to use this how is it relevant to our specific discussion when we see a development for subject and application and I think one of the areas that needs to have help in is how to apply this stuff it's like you have this tool how do you apply it your monthly review process and review process is very powerful for planning it's one of the two major tools they have in the review process and that's what it is and there's standards and there's performance standards that apply as well as specific procedures and they can gain a lot of credibility by applying those procedures and those standards over and over and over again the exact same way so provided the process is the place and the standards are the place a planning board should feel secure in the decision that they're making and the other thing is they are a technical liability as long as they're doing their job as a technical liability and there's an extensive real process and most of the time you avoid those questions and takings and in those situations if you simply follow the process to the lab I would suggest that I did this predictable process and there's regulations in place that you apply barely across the board to everybody is one of the best defense mechanisms for community we'll have to add to our checklist you better ask for more information of course then there'll probably be legislation he had one he couldn't add more things to our checklist he successfully defeated that one so that's why I said last year with regards to we've been talking about planning boards and planning boards at the conservation commission I know that there's no requirement for training but I believe it is that something that needs to be this is only one small part of your picture but is that something that needs to be put into zoning a name or other legislation I think the landing training club doesn't end talking about that for years and pushing it and always on our minds and we want to do something about it but it's just what's the best but it's not it was a 25 years ago and it's only going to be able to act in 1991 we're going to have a discussion again in the context of the land development subject because it is a process idea is there another panel here I think I might end up but I mean I think there's some sort of a case study on physical impacts economic impact seems like everything today is tied to a positive economic so that might help so there is a house study commission on the economic impact economic risk due to sea level rise and coastal hazards is that right what's called anybody an inline flooding yes so Rover, myself, Katelyn and Liz the four of us are here went in front of that commission a few weeks ago and I know there is a call for more economic data and economic analysis to provide that to municipalities but here here there's no plan in place but it's definitely a need that we keep hearing in multiple with multiple audiences thanks for bringing that up what maps and sea level rise maps I think that would really yes I know this say a plan exists if we actually first started to sign up I think I've seen it in a different workshop maybe I've done it where people went out and took blue napkin tape and they went to a neighborhood or an area and they measured what sea level rise will do and they put blue tape on the buildings that's sort of a visual I think it's kind of overwhelming and I think people if you get people to see it and be there and really be there it's a comment that not everybody maybe understands any other final so this idea of requiring permit applicants whether it be at a local level or state level too sort of go through this online module that might be able to be paired up with an online permit application process so right now the state building commissioners office is paired up with 10 communities in a pilot project which is an online building application process so essentially you enter in the information there and you're consistently asked the same information regardless of what community you go into and so maybe as part of that application process they enter all this information and certain maps pop up that show the parcel in relation to seal buys flood zones and erosion hazards and things like that maybe that can be paired up with lots of money so fun to make now we're going to talk about come back to the legal issues here we had a big conversation with some of the some of the municipal officials and some of the legal counsel just wondering to our legal folks how can we reach out to some of your colleagues what is another way to do that is there a consensus is there so right continuing education credits so it would be good to know if you have some suggestions on how to reach a broader audience I think it would be a great place to protect a seminar top of or at least have a and then are there other ways for students to engage so we have this awesome content of law students I'm just wondering how given the parameters of your program are there any other ways that you've done a great job it's been really really wonderful to have him work with us and then we see going out and getting jobs and working firms and forming the rest of us that would be another question is there more ways for some of the students to do some internships with municipalities with legal firms to get the word out of the conversation as well great ideas I think we can build off those ideas I know that Teresa and I are planning on sitting down with this document and with our ideas from today to flush out how we as a Rhode Island secret legal program can support this work moving forward and then we'll bring that discussion to the larger Beach Sound team to talk about that if you guys do have opportunities for students please do feel free to contact me and I will get you in touch with the appropriate students or appropriate divisions here at the law school whether it's to have a student work with you for pro bono hours or work for a law fellow program or work as an externship program there's lots of different opportunities there I just want to add that one of the things that we've really focused on coastal resilience and coastal adaptation today we talked a little bit about riverine but one of the things that we're starting to tighten up our messaging and language on is using the word climate change a little less often and focusing more on the hazard because in the work that we did in North Kingstown we call it climate change we really just focus on sea level rise and coastal hazards we didn't talk about drought or excessive heat or food systems that kind of stuff and climate change impacts different sectors of our state so I think that's another thing just to keep in mind as you're having conversations for us to be specific about what aspect of climate change we're tackling at any given time Grover showed that flowchart of our model process for municipalities we had all the arrows keep going up to scope because one of the things we've learned through our municipal work is that any conversation that happened here today too goes in a thousand different directions so it's a challenge to everybody to kind of come back into like what are we really trying to hone in on so that you can be specific and targeted in implementation strategies and not get too diluted diluted and diluted in your mission of what you're trying to tackle at any given time so I just wanted to share that word of caution an inspiration words that work and it was a way to talk the talk and keep consensus building without creating confrontation the third buzz word was that people off thank you impact I think a lot of you know this but there's also a lot of new research and recommendations on how to frame I'm doing a workshop on this which is full if you want me to come to your place of work or your board or any of your buildings to it because I think we all get the background of what is already in people's minds and what they respond to it would be hugely helpful to all of us as we go forward in communicating about this kind of stuff so just let me know if that's something that's it for our day thank you all for coming


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Hi everyone, Joe for jasperyscasebrakes.com coming at you with a prism football sell-o-pack break number 43 with five honors spots being given away At the end of the break. We're gonna do the break itself first big. Thanks to everybody here and Let's roll it and randomize it one and a five six times your names and teams the giveaway part will be a different dice roll at the end But for names and teams six times one two Three and six six times for the teams Bears down to chargers All right, here's the first half of the list right here, and here's the second half of the list right there Let's just print this out bust open the pack And then we'll get to the randomizing part to see who ends up with Honor spots nothing crazy there. What about the exclusive the red white and blues? Warren moon how Rudolph I see a rookie CD lamb not bad Dallas David Let's re-randomize everybody's names here. Let's go back to the list collect all the names of my keyboard wants to work collect all the names new dice new list Let's randomize it One and a five six times top five After six will be in honors one two three four five and Sixth and final time so from six on down My apologies sad times, but I appreciate you taking the risk given this a shot Happy times for the top five. You're in honors football Jose David David David and Jose Just two people with the five spots. Congrats. Thanks for giving this a shot. Thanks everybody else I'm Joe for Jasper's case greats.com. I'll see you next time for the next one


the Scrum Master in a nutshell. The Scrum Master role has been around for over 20 years now, but there is still confusion about what it actually is. So in homage to Henrik Nieberg, who created his product owner in a nutshell video, I thought I would create a similar explanation of a Scrum Master in a nutshell. Now, the first thing to bear in mind about a Scrum Master is that they are an enabler, not a doer. They're there to help the people who are doing the work do their work to the best of their ability. They're not there to do the work themselves. So in short, I see the role as bringing together the people who want something, our customers, our users, and the people who are going to build or provide that thing, the developers. And there are actually two very different sides to the Scrum Master role. There's a mechanical side and there's a cultural side. Now, we're going to focus on the mechanical side first because on the surface, the Scrum Master is there ultimately to ensure that the team and the organization use Scrum to build valuable products well. They're going to ensure that the Scrum events happen effectively, efficiently. The Scrum artifacts are created and used and maintained effectively, and that the inspector at that point within the Scrum framework had taken advantage of. Like I said, we'll come back to the cultural side in a minute, but for now, let's just look at the mechanical side of doing Scrum. All right. In short, the Scrum Master's basic aim is to facilitate the Scrum framework for the benefit of the Scrum team and the wider organization. And Scrum, as you probably know, is a way of working where a self-managing cross-functional team works directly with customers or customer representatives to deliver value in short iterations and then learn how to make both the product that they're building and the process that they're using to build the product better every couple of weeks. And this Scrum framework is made up of a number of elements and the Scrum Master is in some way involved in all of them. And the first element we're gonna start with is the product goal. And the purpose of the product, the product goal, is ultimately the responsibility of the product owner. But product owners are very, very busy and we all suffer from short-term thinking at times and we've all got cognitive biases. So the Scrum Master is gonna help the product owner ensure that the product goal is there, that it's good, that it's clear, that it's well understood, that it's engaging and it remains relevant over the course of the product development effort. Because the product goal is what sets our overall ambition for the product development effort. It's really important in enabling the self-management of the team and setting goals for outcomes rather than outputs. The product backlog is another aspect of Scrum. But really, really simply, it's a prioritized and ordered list of what our customers, our users need. And they are going to help us achieve our product goal. And just like the product goal, the product backlog is ultimately the responsibility of the product owner. But it's very easy for this artifact to very quickly become unwieldy, to become bloated. So the Scrum Master is going to help the product owner. They're gonna help them by making sure it's available, by making sure that it's well maintained, that it's ready to be worked on, that the items are understood enough to be able to get started with, that it's small enough to fit into iterations and so on. And the first time we're really going to make use of the product backlog in anger is the sprint planning meeting. And every sprint starts with a sprint planning meeting. And this is where the Scrum Master is going to bring the product owner, the developers, perhaps other stakeholders together for a couple of hours to work out what increment is possible in this iteration, in this sprint. Together, we're all going to plan, as well as we can, with the limited and unknown information that we have, the next sprint. And the Scrum Master's main job is to do a little bit of preparation, structure it, and then facilitate it. They're gonna respond to the interactions in the meeting to help those stakeholders, to help the product owner, to help the developers come up with an achievable and valuable sprint goal. And then we've got our sprint, which is basically just a fixed amount of time. It's usually one to four weeks. And in this fixed amount of time, that Scrum team is going to work every working day of the sprint towards the sprint goal by turning product backlog items into valuable deliveries. Valuable deliveries that our product owner and our customers and users will find valuable. Now, in an ideal world, that would be that, but most Scrum teams operate in a complex environment with unknown unknowns and challenges. So every now and again, that team's gonna come up against impediments. Now, an impediment is anything that stops that team from being productive, from being effective. And the Scrum Master's responsible for getting those impediments removed. Don't have to necessarily remove them themselves, but making sure that the team is able to carry on with their development, to carry on with the work of delivering valuable functionality. And so there's a lot of coaching that the Scrum Master will do to help that Scrum team carry on doing their thing and delivering great product backlog items. Another part of the Scrum framework that the Scrum Master will help out in is the Daily Scrum. And this is an interesting one, not least because I get asked how often should we have a Daily Scrum? And there's a clue in the name. Every day during the sprint, the Scrum team is going to check in with each other.  As a self-managing Scrum team, against the sprint goal, they're gonna make or remake their plan for the day ahead based on the knowledge they have now, not the knowledge they had at the sprint planning meeting, but the knowledge they have now. Remember, it's a self-managing unit and they're going to do whatever they need to do in order to deliver. So the Scrum Master isn't there to manage this team. They're not there to check up on this team. All they're doing is they're there to ensure that the Scrum team is able to do what they need to do. They're capable of managing itself. And well, yeah, this is a great opportunity for Scrum Master to find out what impediments the team are facing that they might need some help with. But ultimately, it's there to make sure that the Scrum team are able to check in in this complex environment to either stay on track or get themselves back on track. Another aspect of Scrum that's emerged over the years is what's become known as product backlog refinement. Now, what product backlog refinement is is the Scrum team taking a little bit of time out of delivering this Sprint's goal to just look forward and prepare a bit for the next Sprint planning meeting. Now, they're only looking at the highest priority items on the product backlog and it's only a short amount of time because ultimately, the stuff that's in this Sprint is by definition more valuable and more important to get done than the preparation of the next Sprint's work. But the Scrum Master will see there being some value in having a little bit of preparation for the next Sprint planning session so that it's able to go smoothly. There aren't significantly unanswered questions that will slow down or impede the ability to plan the next Sprint. So the Scrum Master's role here really, yes, it's largely facilitatory from a mechanical point of view, but ultimately, they're there to help the product owner and the developers spend just enough time discussing just the right things so that the next Sprint planning meeting can run smoothly while not taking too much attention away from delivering on this Sprint goal. And then at the end of the Sprint, we've got a couple of events. The first one being the Sprint review meeting. Now, this is where the Scrum team gets to demonstrate, tangibly demonstrate the progress they've made. They get to share the tangible results of their work with an audience of effectively anyone who's interested in what the team have been working on. And this is the point where the Scrum team can inspect and adapt the work, the increment, the plan, and they can reflect on the consequences for the direction of the product, just on what they've actually built or not built, but also what they've learned. Now, the Scrum Master's gonna do a bit of preparation for this event. They're gonna ensure that the right people are there, that it's run effectively and wherever possible efficiently. And that the learning we get from this is built into the product goal, the product backlog, the Sprint coming up. And then we've got the Sprint retrospective meeting, the other event that takes place at the end of every Sprint. And this is where the Scrum team take a little bit of time out to reflect not so much on what they've built, that happens in the Sprint review meeting, but more on how they built it. So the point here is for the Scrum team to inspect and adapt their ways of working. And again, the Scrum Master is going to take a largely facilitatory and coaching role here. They're gonna ensure it happens, that it happens well. So they'll prepare for it, they'll set it up to maximize reflection, to maximize learning. And then they're gonna ensure that the improvements to the ways of working are built in to the team's process and taken forward. Now, after all of that, if the product owner decides they want to continue with this product development effort, there'll be another Sprint planning meeting, and the cycle repeats itself. But that's just the mechanical side of being a Scrum Master. I mentioned there's a cultural side of the Scrum Master as well. And a good Scrum Master can fulfill the mechanical nature of their role relatively easily, just by ensuring that the Scrum framework's followed, that they tackle impediments to the productivity of the Scrum team. But the real value that a Scrum Master adds is how they go about doing that. And that's where the cultural side of the role comes into play. Because, and listen carefully here, the Scrum Master exists in order to not exist. Their aim is to do themselves out of a job. And they do that by helping to embody the values of agile and Scrum into the culture of the Scrum team and the wider organization. Essentially, a great Scrum Master uses Scrum to get the team and the organization past the need for Scrum. A great Scrum Master builds up the self-management of the Scrum team and the effectiveness of the surrounding organization so that Scrum Masters aren't actually needed in the future. So when they're facilitating events, when they're removing impediments, they're always conscious that they aren't creating a dependency upon themselves as a facilitator, as an impediment remover. Scrum Masters are always looking at ways to help teams become able to solve their own problems, rather than being the person that teams come to as a problem solver. That's a subtle but really important distinction. Now I see the Scrum Master as something of a servant leader. Now you might have heard that term before, if not you'll probably hear it again the more involved in Scrum teams you become. Now the term itself came from a guy called Robert Greenleaf many years ago and he suggested that the purpose of a servant leader isn't to create more followers, but to create new servant leaders by helping them grow as people. He created this ultimate test of servant leadership which was to ask, do those people being served become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous and more likely themselves to become servants? And I think great Scrum Masters guiding Scrum teams and organisations past the need for Scrum fits that test. Now it takes time, so you've got to be patient. There's going to be a number of bumps along the road, lots of learning along the way and great Scrum Masters will always assess the context because they're looking for a balance between effectiveness now and the long-term maturity and growth of the team and the organisation. Now I mention this because unfortunately in my experience a lot of organisations just focus on the mechanical side of Scrum Masters. But at the Agile Mastery Institute we focus our time on creating great Scrum Masters, great product owners, great Agile teams who are all focused on being Agile and embodying the values and principles of Agile and Scrum not just mastering the mechanical aspects of the role.


If you're feeling far away from God right now, pray this with me. Lord, I feel alone. I know you said you'll never leave me or forsake me, but sometimes I convince myself that you're not here. Lord, help me to trust you over what I'm feeling and help me to have conviction in my faith. Lord, can you please be with me and clothe me with your love and your grace? Thank you, Lord. Amen.


So the Femme Project is a series of photographs and interviews with queer thumbs of color and the idea is to give thumbs of color the space to articulate and express their Femme identity in their own words without being mediated by the gender binary or whiteness. Tao has been really incredible and I think it's been really powerful to be able to work with everyone that he brought together and it's been really amazing to be part of creating a network of people with very similar identities who can share and understand each other in ways that I don't think we experience all the time and that has been really beautiful. As I got further into it and it grew outside of like folks that I know I realized that there was this big gap in a need and that and creating these spaces has been like so impactful here.


The Federal Executive Council has approved the creation of the Humanitarian and Poverty Alleviation Trust Fund under a Governing Board. The Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Alleviation Beta Edu, who stated this while briefing state house correspondents, said the fund is a flexible form of financing as an emergency response to humanitarian crisis and addressing poverty in Nigeria. The federal government hopes to raise at least five billion dollars annually into the trust fund from various sources, including government, private sector, development partners, philanthropic individuals and other innovative forms of pool funding. The governing board will include the minister of finance and other top government officials that may be relevant to the trust fund. Grateful to President Bola Medtinubu today for the approval given to the creation of the Humanitarian and Poverty Alleviation Trust Fund. This is a flexible form of financing that can help us get contributions from different sectors. So we're going to have contribution from government, of course from the private sector development partners individuals, philanthropic individuals and other innovative forms of crowd funding and pooling of funds together. This is to allow for emergency response to humanitarian crisis in Nigeria. Every other day we hear about crisis, the floods and the rest of it. We need to be able to respond adequately as a country. Beyond this, the issue of poverty elevation is one of the agendas of President Bola Medtinubu in his eight point agenda and we want to be able to tackle it headlong. How much are we looking at? Every year we hope to be able to raise at least five billion dollars within this fund and this is from the various sources that I've mentioned and even more. The ministers of finance, education and solid minerals also disclose various approvals given by the executive council to their respective ministries including financing to reduce the number of out-of-school children and the deployment of technology and security to curb illegal mining across the country. Financing for the girl child, $700 million is the size of the current project. About $10 billion I had said that in terms of the earlier today that in terms of the all-important liquidity in the foreign exchange market to get it to start functioning where demand and supply can at least equit around a relatively stable price which is what investors, manufacturers and indeed the general public require. And we've also traced incidents of banditry to the handiwork of illegal miners especially foreign illegal miners. Some notorious foreigners who come to our nation sponsor banditry in the local areas with the view to driving away the local population and then moving in to start extracting exploration and extracting minerals is technology that is helping us to decipher all of this. So we are investing more heavily in injection of technology into a security architecture and that's making a huge difference. Like I said I mean it's the same amount of money which the finance minister referred to so it is not a different source and it's a very big intervention and enlargement of an existing policy. The government is concerned, our president is concerned that no girl should be out of school on grounds of poverty and particularly at the foundation level of pre-tashari education, the basic education level in secondary schools and under that scheme we'll be having close to 500 new schools across the country especially the participants. notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates


Hi, I'm Jeff Halbig, Product Marketing for ST Microelectronics Power Discrete Products. I'm here to introduce an exciting new evaluation board platform for Power Factor correction that takes advantage of ST's latest technology and second generation silicon carbide MOSFETs and advanced STM32 control. These enable a powerful bi-directional Vienna rectifier style PFC. Let's take a look. Briefly, our agenda. First, I'll introduce the demo board and its key performances and an example application. Second, I'll describe modified Vienna rectifier topologies and the power discreet that enable their performance. I'll then look at the bi-directional system architecture and control scheme before I wrap up summarizing the ST demo board solution. The ST DEVS PFC BIDIR demonstration board is a 15 kilowatt peak power three leg T type Vienna rectifier for bridgeless power factor correction. It's targeted for bi-directional power transfer between three phase 380 volt AC and an 800 volt DC bus and based on an optimized STM32 digital platform. It's well suited for the active front end stage and high power charging stations, industrial battery chargers and UPS. The high switching frequency of the silicon carbide MOSFETs and the multi-level structure allow for nearly 99% efficiency as well as the optimization of passive power components in terms of size and cost. Here's the typical application of an industrial charger. Multi-phase AC is converted to a high voltage DC link bus and then isolated through a DC to DC stage to charge large battery banks for industrial equipment. Nominal power can be as high as 22 kilowatts and output voltage anywhere from 400 volts to 800 volts DC depending on the battery configuration. However, considering the huge energy storage capacity of these battery banks we can also utilize them to provide energy back to the grid, backward to this power path. A similar approach can be made in an electric vehicle. Here we optimize this power train. One of the most popular and highly efficient designs for the front end of such a power train is the Vienna rectifier. We can look at a couple of modified topologies of this concept and choose between trade-offs. The Type 1 allows for lower voltage rated devices but requires the additional power loss associated with a second diode dropped to the capacitor bank. Type 2 eliminates this loss at the expense of requiring the devices to have double the voltage rating. Fortunately, silicon carbide diodes and MOSFETs combine high performance with the high voltage rating required. There is some cost trade-off and the overall system benefits of efficiency versus cost is up to the design. ST can provide optimized power diodes and MOSFETs for either choice. Here we compare the performance of both Type 1 and Type 2 Vienna rectifier topologies at 20 kilowatts against three different transistor types. IGBTs, superjunction MOSFETs, and silicon carbide MOSFETs. Silicon carbide provides the best performance while the Type 2 topology improves efficiency regardless of switching frequency or transition to selection. So we've decided to pursue the Type 2 configuration in the search for the most efficient operation and to take advantage of the availability of high-performance silicon carbide devices. However, we still want a bidirectional power transfer capable power stage. To do this, we'll need to extend the use of silicon carbide MOSFETs to actively replace the D2 diode MOSFETs in the Type 2 topology. The result is the bidirectional PFC system architecture seen here. It requires digital control enabled by the STM32-G474 an algorithm developed by ST's power systems lab. Let's take a closer look at the control. Grid to battery shows the control scheme for AC to DC operation as a PFC. It's based on D2 axis transformation both for controlling the current and synchronizing to the grid to a PLL. In particular for PFC operation, the two control loops are referenced to a decoupling inner loop for current control and outer loop for output voltage control. Thanks to this decoupled control, active and reactive power can be controlled independently. Battery to grid shows the control scheme for DC to AC operation as an inverter. It's still based on two control loops using D2 axis transformation but in this case the outer loop will control the output power into the AC side via a load or to the grid. The results of the demo board are fantastic greater than .98 power factor and less than 5% THD at light load while achieving peak efficiencies and greater than 99%. And the solution highlights the full complement of the ST power, analog and digital portfolios from silicon card by MOSFETs to power diodes with wide bandwidth op-amps, LDOs, isolated gate drivers and of course the power of the STM32 microcontroller. Thanks for listening. For more information please visit us at www.st.com