Okay, thank you for connecting to the class today. As we get started with our spring semester, spring 2022. Thank you for joining this class on the end times. I'm good to see all of you back. Let's just take a moment to pray and then we will get into the course, get started. So could I request somebody to please pray? Could any one of us just lead in prayer and then we will start? Alright. Alright, can I pray? Alright Charles, go ahead. Father God, we are really thankful that you love us. You saw us through many things. Now we are set for this great study. You tell us in Isaiah 45, 11 that ask of me or the thing concerning the future. So we are here that we can learn about the future. But we know that for you, you are already in the future, you have been there. And now as we try to learn these things, explain them to us and help us have the feeling and the touch so that when we are done with our study, we will be able to understand these things. Because again, you told Abraham that Abraham is my friend. Can I hide him? What I am going to do? We believe that you are not going to hide anything from us. Now that we are here, we are ready, we are expectant, teacher, so Lord, we are ready to learn. So that we will not die because of lack of knowledge. But instead we will be able to stand to give the reason for the hope we have in you. In Jesus' name we will pray and believe. Amen. Amen, amen. Thank you Charles. Once again, good morning to everyone. Welcome. I realize we are in different parts of the world. So maybe evening somewhere or very early in the morning somewhere. Welcome everyone. I am just going to introduce the course. I have put the three PDFs that we are going to get started with. And then as we go along, I will keep sharing the PDF for the upcoming lectures on this course on the end times. So just to let's get started with an introduction or an overview of what we are going to cover in this course on the end times. So we, as the title would suggest, are going to be looking at Bible prophecy. What the Bible foretells concerning the end times, the times that we are in and the time to come. And we are going to look at some historical information because a lot of things that the Bible speaks about, even concerning the end times, deals with the nation of Israel.  Our goal, or let me say the focus in this study or in this course on the end times is to help us kind of put together a biblical timeline or a sequence of end time events. Trying to understand, you know, what is the most likely sequence of the events that are going to take place, starting from where we are on into eternity future as given to us in scripture. So it is more of, you know, an overview, a high level of a panoramic view of end time events. Now we will get into some of the details that the Bible gives to us. Now, so that's the focus of this course. And then in our third year, we get into the books of Daniel and Revelation, verse by verse. So we won't be doing a verse by verse study of Daniel and Revelation in this course. In this course, it's going to be an overview of Bible prophecy and the signs of the times and those kinds of things. But in our third year course, we will go through the book of Daniel, verse by verse, and also Revelation, verse by verse. So it will be a more deeper study, again, off Bible prophecy and end times. And along with Daniel and Revelation in our third year, we will look at Bible prophecy from other books like Isaiah, a little from Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Zechariah, Joel, and the other scriptures that point to end time events. We will reference that as well. But in this course, we're going to be referencing those passages. We will, you know, we will say, okay, Daniel said this and Revelation says this and we kind of do an overview of the chapters and Revelation. But it's not going to be a verse by verse study that we will keep for the third year course on Daniel and Revelation. So I will, you know, the course materials, I will put out these PDF notes for you. What I am thinking of doing is also sharing some textbooks, meaning some some good, you know, the fact is that just so many different views and so many different people have written so many different books on the end times. Christian teachers and professors and so on. But I probably will share a few with you just things that we that we will be following or, you know, the perspective that we will be taking. And I will explain that little later today. So I will give you the notes. The notes should be good enough for you to really study and get a good grip on end time Bible prophecy. But I will also make some of these other books available to you if you're interested in reading just that, you know, many of these books are like 300 400 pages, which, you know, it's not easy to read. It's it takes a lot of time. As usual, you know, we'll have three assessments. We will put them out towards the end of this course or somebody to the latter part of this course just to assess the material that we are covering. Now, one of the people, like, like I said, there are many, many people who have written books. One of the people I would recommend if you want to go online and study is Dr. Jacqueline Impe. Now, he went home to be with the Lord. I think it was 2020, I think it was so. But he in his ministry spent. I don't know, maybe 60 years or so just teaching Bible prophecy. So he is, you know, many people called him the walking Bible. He could quote the scriptures and and and and and his focus was on end time Bible prophecy and he spent many decades just ministering teaching on that. So he's a very respected authority in the subject. And so I would recommend that and I will give you a few more professors from Bible. Jacqueline Impe was more of an evangelist teacher, so on. But then there are others who are more from an academic perspective. There's this J. Dwight Pentecost who wrote like a classic book on eschatology, which many students would study and I'll make that available to you. So I would, you know, just share that with you as well. But if you really want to go and, you know, watch videos and read material and read books, I would point you to Dr. Jacqueline Impe. There are others like Tim Lahey, who's also written a lot of books on this subject. And I will explain why I mentioned these and not others. Right. So that's just a quick introduction here. So let's get into our course material just before we do that. Are there any questions on what we will be talking about, what we will not be talking about? Any questions? Maybe they'll come up a little later. Okay. All right, Charles, you've got a Jacqueline Impe prophecy Bible is very good. Nice. Okay. All right. Maybe questions will come up later. So let's get into the introduction to kind of share how we are going to be approaching this subject. Now, the word eschatology, which is more of a technical word for the end times or the last things is simply means you're studying scripture. You're studying by the Bible on what it says about end times or coming world events and on into the future. So that's what word eschatology means. Now, you know, we in our day and time, you know, when we look around the world, there's so much so many things happening. You know, whether it's in the realm of global politics, things happening in various nations around the world, then there is this whole things that grip people globally. You know, nowadays it's not local things.  Whether you talk about fear, you talk about terrorism, you talk about racial intolerance, all these things are global. They're no longer, you know, happening somewhere in some isolated part of the world. Then there are these scientific and technological advances that are happening. It's just amazing what's what's happening when we keep reading about advances in science and technology. There are, of course, environmental and climate changes that are happening. And, you know, we're living in the middle of a pandemic right now. And if you're looking at how, you know, the world has almost come to a standstill for the last two plus years, almost two years and more. And then when we look at what the Bible says, you know, the kinds of plagues that have been during the tribulation are going to be much more severe than, you know, what we are seeing right now, when, you know, there have been numerous lives that have been lost in the pandemic. I'm not downplaying that. But when you look at the book of Revelation, the plagues that happened there, the judgments that happened, there are even more severe. You know, it's hard to fathom in our minds the, you know, the gravity of what Revelation talks about. Then there are, of course, social challenges and there are religious and spiritual challenges. And you'll find that all of these things are in a heightened level or happen in a heightened level during, you know, what we refer to as the tribulation period. The Bible calls it the tribulation, as we see, as we will see in the book of Revelation. So what we want to answer is, you know, just put some reasons together as to why it's important for us to study about the end times. I mean, why should we have two courses, you know, one in your second year and another one in your third year on the subject of the end times? Why should we, you know, study on this? Here are some reasons I've just put down together from Scripture.  And he wants us to understand it. In fact, he invites us to study it. The first three verses in the book of Revelation. Would somebody want to read that out for us, please? Revelation chapter one, verses one, two and three. Somebody can read it out. All right. Revelation one, one, two, three. The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants. Things which must shortly take place. And he sent and signified it by his angel, his servant John, who bore witness to the Word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ, all the things that he saw. Breasted is he who read this and those who hear the words of this prophecy and keep those things which are written in it for the time he's in here. Amen. Thank you, John. So the book of Revelation starts off like this. It's like it says, okay, and if you want to paraphrase this, it's saying, okay, this is what Jesus has revealed to his servant John. Through his messenger angel. And these are things which must shortly take place. And John recorded everything that he heard from Jesus and which he saw. Jesus revealed to him. And then he says, verse three, blessed are those who read this prophecy. That means blessed are those who read. We hear the words of all these things that have written about things that are yet to come. And those who keep those things which are in it for the time is near. So you say, you know, it's, it's God is inviting us and look, I have revealed this to John. Of things that are to come. And you're going to be blessed as you read it, understand it, keep it, live by it because the time is near. Now, just a side note, right? This was given back in 8090. That means close to 2000 years ago. And so people obviously asked the question. You know, Jesus said it's shortly to take place. The time is near, but 2000 years have gone. What about it? And that we must keep in mind that God speaks many thousands of years in advance. As he did, you know, even in the Old Testament, we will look at some of these prophecies just to remind ourselves that God does speak sometimes thousands of years in advance. And also that as far as God is concerned, the one who dwells in eternity, you know, this earth period, this period on the earth is very, very minute compared to eternity itself. Now for us, it seems like a long time of 2000 years ago and these things are still happening. It seems like a very long time for us. But from God's perspective, it's near. It's shortly. Right. So that's the perspective that we must keep in mind as we look at Bible prophecy and things. Secondly, you know, why is it important for us to study and times the signs of the times so that, you know, we will also be mindful of the times. In which we live and we will be careful in the way we order our lives. So the Bible, you know, calls us to do that. Romans the 13th chapter versus 11 to 14. And somebody read that for us, please. Romans 13 11 to 14. And do this knowing the time that now it is high time to awake out of sleep. For now our salvation is nearer than when we first believed the night is far spent the days at hand. Therefore, let us cast off the worlds of darkness and let us put on the armor of light. Let us walk properly as in the day, not in revelry and drunkenness, not in lewdness and lust, not in strife and envy, but put on the Lord Jesus Christ and make no provision for the flesh to fulfill its lust. So thank you. So look at how Paul's, you know, he's speaking to believers as knowing the time. So we're supposed to live knowing the time, you know, now in our day to day lives. That's how we normally order our lives. We are watchful about what time of day or night it is. And, you know, then we order our lives according to that. Now he says our Christian life, our walk of faith is also in a similar way ordered with the time factor kept in mind. So knowing the time. And so we are in a way we are so we, you know, don't engage in the things of darkness, but we walk in the light and knowing that the day is at hand. The day of course he's referring to is the day of the Lord, the coming of the Lord. So the day is at hand. So, you know, we walk in the light. And there are other scriptures also that speak to this truth. The third reason we want to study or we need to study about in times so that we could have hope. You know, we go through all kinds of things on earth. Life is not always easy. Things happen. But when we understand about what God has said concerning things yet to come and the eternity that's ahead of us. It fills us with hope, even though, you know, we may be going through challenges in this life. And so there's that sense of, hey, there are greater things up in the future which God has provided our plan for us. And so I can journey through this. It's okay. I can journey through the challenges I may be going through here and now. So John writes this. He says, you know, first John chapter three was two and three. Can somebody read that for us, please? First John chapter three. This John chapter three was two to three. Beloved, now we are children of God and it has not yet been revealed what we shall be. But we know that when he is revealed, we shall be like him for we shall see him as he is. And everyone who has this hope in him purifies himself just as he is pure. Thank you. So John is telling us, you know, when he is revealed, when the Lord is comes, we are going to become like him. You know, we are going to be changed. We're going to put on these glorified spirit bodies and we're going to see him as he is. In other words, look, this is the great hope that we have. And because of that, and so we have this hope. And therefore, John here says, okay, we purify ourselves just as he is pure. When you read Peter's episodes, first and second Peter, especially in first Peter, Peter emphasizes that over and over again in his episode. If you want to just summarize first Peter, really he's talking about living in the midst of suffering with the hope of Christ's return. That's first Peter, essentially. He keeps reminding the Jewish believers who have been dispersed through Asia. He's saying, look, we have this hope of his return, Christ's return. And therefore, you know, we can endure whatever suffering we're going through. So we have this hope that we are going to see him. We're going to be like him and we will see him as he is. And so it gives us hope as we journey through life. The fourth reason, studying just a couple of more reasons, studying the end times is so important. It's so that, you know, we are in agreement. We have found that, you know, God is unfolding, his glorious plan. So things on earth are not just left to happen, you know, at random.  In the midst of all that we are seeing happen around us, which sometimes may be very chaotic. Sometimes we can't even understand why all these things are happening. Yet over and above all of that, God, we have found that God is unfolding his glorious plan. He's going to get everything, redeem everything back to himself. And that he's working, or he's moving towards this. Paul summarizes this in 1 Corinthians 15, 24 through 26. Can somebody read that for us please? Then comes the end when he delivers the kingdom to God the Father, when he puts an end to all rule and authority and power. For he must reign till he has put all enemies under his feet. The last enemy that will be destroyed is death. So Paul is saying, hey, the time is coming when he is going to bring everything in subjection to himself, including death. He's going to bring everything. And then he's going to wrap this up completely. And he's going to put everything underneath his feet. And he will rule, he's going to exercise his dominion until everything comes under his feet. And so we will see these things as foretold for us in Scripture. What is God's plan? The prophetic timeline that has been laid out for us. But that's what God is working towards. And death is going to be put under his feet. And he's going to set up new heavens and new earth where death will no longer be there. Last two reasons, last two points on why we need to study about the end times. Number five is so that we could go about fulfilling our assignment here on earth, which is to proclaim the gospel to the ends of the earth to bring his message to people all over. And then we understand this is our assignment. We don't know how much time we have. All we can say is we're getting really close, especially when we look at the signs of the times, we're getting really close. Is it going to happen in our lifetime? Maybe, but we're pretty close. So let us do what we can do in our lifetime to get the gospel to as many people as we can and to live lives that are meaningful. So second Corinthians, chapter five, verse 10 to 11. Could somebody read that for us? Sir, second Corinthians five, 10 to 11. For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ that each one may receive the things done in the body according to what he has done, whether good or bad. Knowing therefore the terror of the Lord, we perceive men, but we are well known to God and I also trust are well known in our conscience. Thank you. Thank you. Yeah. So we live with the awareness of this fact that, you know, one day, as believers, they're going to appear before the judgment seat of Christ. So, and as we draw out this prophetic timeline, this judgment seat of Christ, which is often referred to as the Bema judgment, simply because that's the Greek word Paul uses there for judgment. The Bema judgment, the judgment seat of Christ is different from the great white throne judgment of Revelation 20. So these are two different judgments. This is the believers judgment, the judgment seat of Christ.  And then he rewards us according to how we serve to him. So the motivation here is, look, I understand Bible prophecy, understand the times in which we live and I must be faithful in doing what God has called us to do. The last reason we study Bible prophecy is because this prophecy, Bible prophecy has to be preached to people. You know, the prophetic scriptures has to be made known to people so that they realize or they understand, hey, the Bible has foretold many of these things. And so the prophetic scriptures should be proclaimed. And it is part of the proclamation of the gospel or the preaching of Jesus Christ. We find this in Romans the 16th chapter versus 25 to 27. Could somebody read that for us please? 16th, 25 to 27. Now to him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ according to the revelation of the mystery kept secret since the world began. But now made manifest and by the prophetic scriptures made known to all nations according to the commandment of the everlasting God for obedience to the faith. To God alone wise be glory through Jesus Christ forever. Amen. Thank you. Thank you. So Paul is talking about the gospel, about the preaching of Jesus Christ. And he's talking about the revelation of the mystery, all the secrets that God has unveiled to the church. You know, it was kept secret, but now it's been revealed to the church. And in that includes the prophetic scriptures. Right.  The prophetic scriptures must be made known to all the nations. For what? For obedience to the faith, to bring people to the faith. Right. So part of what we need to proclaim to the nations is the prophetic scriptures, things that the Bible has concerning the end times and so on. And many of you or many of us would have experienced that, that, you know, that in the preaching of end time prophecy, you know, people do get woken up, you know, they like, whoa, this is what the Bible says. Now, I remember a long time ago in college, when I was an engineer in college, so this is way back in, I think it was 1989. I was when I was studying in engineering college. In those days, there was a some secular band that had come out with a song called the final countdown. Right. So the song title was the final countdown and that song was really catching on among, you know, in those days among all the young people. So I purposely took that title, the final countdown.  We rented the banquet hall in a hotel. This was in Manipal. So Brother Solence might know what I'm talking about. This was Hotel Valley. So Hotel Valley view in Manipal. We rented the banquet hall there and I did a seminar and the title of the seminar was the final countdown. You know, and so we throughout the campuses in those engineering college, medical college and all that, we put this banner and posters, the final countdown. And, you know, and so all the young people were very inquisitive. You know, what is this thing? You know, because they were listening to the song, which was so popular in those days. And when they came, I just, you know, I tried to in a one sermon. Just present in a very kind of a very quick way an overview of what the Bible is telling us about the things that are going to happen.  Just listening to end time Bible prophecy and saying that all the Bible has foretold all these things, you know, and we are pretty close to the end of times. So the preaching of Bible prophecy to the nations, making it aware to the people, making people aware of it does, you know, pull some people in to become obedient to the faith. So, you know, so we've just seen here six reasons, you know, on why the study Bible prophecy is important. Just quickly review. We said God wants us to do it. He invites us to understand these things to is going to help us live right in relation to the times in which we live. Third, it fills us with hope. Fourth, we recognize that God is unfolding his plan.  And number six, the preaching of prophecy can invite people to the faith. So these are some reasons I'm sure, you know, you could add to this. Now, so having given that little bit of introduction, how are we going to study Bible prophecy? Okay, let me pause and see if there are any questions before I jump into this. Any questions, everybody? Okay. Any questions so far? Everybody's. All right. Let's continue. So how are we going to study the end times? You know, we have to admit that there are lots of different perspectives on and we will make mention of that in the section on interpreting or understanding Bible prophecy. Right. So I'm just going to present to you. How we are going to study what are some of the guidelines we're going to keep as we study and Bible prophecy. And what is the perspective with which we are going to approach it? Right. So I'll just share that now. So when we study in time Bible prophecy, the first role that we are going to follow is that we are going to take things in the literal sense first. And if the literal cannot be possible or cannot happen or cannot be understood, then we say, okay, this figurative. All right. So when you read about certain things when he when it talks about the temple, it's okay. It is the temple, you know, Revelation 11 talks about the temple. So what temple, you know, we don't have to take that. And if we will, we will take it in a literal sense that this is a temple that will be in place in Jerusalem when it says that the temple is desecrated. Right. So we don't have to say make that a figurative thing. No, it's a little temple. Right. So like that, many things we will take literally that's our first approach. And then when there are elements that don't make sense literally, then it's okay. It's figurative. And if it is figurative, we want how do we interpret those images, those figures. Many times, as you will see, the interpretation is given right there in the context in the chapter itself, or in either the preceding or the following section. The figures, the images are interpreted many times, not always, but many times, especially in the book of Daniel, you know, when you read Daniel, it seems very confusing, but actually, it's all interpreted there for us. And when Daniel sees this image of gold, this image with different metals of gold and brass and bronze and iron and the feet of clay and, you know, the interpretation of that whole image is right there for us in Daniel two and then chapter four and so on. And so Daniel, there are many images, but these things are interpreted there. And so we go with the interpretation of those images that are given to us in scripture. So we don't bring in our image or our interpretation of those images, but we either go with the interpretation given in the context or within scripture for those images. Right. So that's going to be our approach. Take the literal. The literal doesn't make sense. Okay. Yeah, we say it's figurative, but in interpreting the figurative stay within what is stated in scripture. Secondly, when we are looking at intangible prophecy, we don't want to engage in speculation or sensationalism. Now, especially when it comes to Bible prophecy, there are certain people who make things so sensational. You know, I remember back in 1987, 86, 87, when I was, you know, really studying by prophecy and I was just looking into this. I remember in those days, somebody had written a book, the title of the book was Jesus is coming back by 1988. And 101 reasons, you know, the title of the book got me attention. I looked through it as I studied it. But you know, the title was very sensational.  You know, on what basis does he say it? But actually, the signs were in the regular signs of the times, the 101 signs you would mention. But anyway, so people sometimes make it very sensational in order to get, maybe they're doing it to get people's attention or whatever. But when we, you know, our approach is, hey, let's just study it. Let's not make it sensational. Just understand that these are the things and some of the things foretold in scripture are amazing. It just makes us stand in awe of the details that are there. But let's not unnecessarily, you know, hype it up or make it sensational. And then we don't want to be speculative. You know, the Bible, Jesus did say of the day and the hour, no one knows. So all we can say is, look, we are pretty close. All these things are being fulfilled before our eyes. We are living in a time when these kinds of prophecies can be fulfilled because of what we have, the advancements that have been made in science and technology. We can understand it and that the times in which we live, these things can happen, you know, and so, for example, when it says the plague came in 20, you know, a fifth of the world or 20% of the world's population is gone. You know, we can understand that now because, hey, things spread so fast.  So then we can understand it. Yeah, you know, 20% of the world's vegetation is burnt. I mean, we read about the fires and, you know, whether it's in Australia or parts of North America or in South America, they've got this huge forest fires that, you know, just burned down acres and acres. But when you read in the book of Revelation that, you know, a fifth of the world's vegetation is gone. You can understand, yeah, it's, it can happen, but in a much grander scale than what we are, bigger scale than what we are seeing now. But at the same time, we can't, we shouldn't speculate and say, OK, this is the year, this is the date, you know, when things are going to happen. And people have done this over and over again in times past and always ended up as an embarrassing situation. So we don't engage in speculation. Now, the third thing when we are studying in time Bible prophecy is we want to be open to deferring positions in interpreting Bible prophecy. Now, as I shared this with you, as I, as we go through this course, you will find that I'm pretty firm in what I believe in the sequence of events. Right. So I will give you reasons when I say the rapture will take place before the tribulation, you know, and it's coming up in another chapter. I'll give you solid reasons as to why we believe that will happen. So, you know, it may almost seem like I'm forcing that on you, not necessary. I'm fine if you want to take a different view. That's perfectly fine. But I am only I am approaching it or I'm going to shed this whole sequence of events about the prophecy and so on from the way I understand it. But I am open and understand that there are other positions on on some of these things. So I won't get upset if if you choose to take a different position that's perfectly fine. If you're convinced from scripture that a different position is what you should take perfectly fine. But, you know, so I'll just share some of these things with you. So some of the common positions and this is not all there are other positions as well. But some of the common ones that you and I need to be aware in terms of interpreting Bible prophecy are these four. One is dispensational premillennialism. Okay, so that's the position from which I will be speaking or I will be presenting this whole course. That's our position. And I've explained dispensational premillennialism. Then there is another position that some Bible students or Bible teachers may hold, which is a historical premillennialism and that's true. That's what traditional church fathers held for a period of time. That's why it's called historical and I will explain that. There is what is referred to as post millenialism. There's also a millennialism and so on. Now, in the premillennial position, there are those who hold, you know, a pre-tribulation position, a mid-tribulation position and a post-tribulation position, meaning when the rapture will take place, when will the church be taken out, you know, and so even there there are variations. And the position that I would be coming to sharing with you from is that of the pre-tribulation position, right? So if you just to give you a little heads up, not to scare you, but I will explain this to you. So our position in this course or my position in presenting this whole study or this whole course to you is from a dispensational premillennialism. Sometimes we call it a conservative premillennialism. They use different language, but dispensational premillennialism with a pre-tribulation rapture of the church. So let's explain these terms, these different positions. Okay, maybe only three more minutes for break. Okay, let me pause here and we will explain all these terms right after the break. And like I said, we will give you strong biblical reasons as we present the sequence of events and why we believe this is it. But we are open in the sense that if you want to have a differing view on it and you're convinced to have that from Scripture, perfectly fine. You know, we're not going to be against that. Let me pause here and see if there are any questions. Okay. All right, so we have a question from Kennedy. The question from Kennedy is, what is the name of the angel that gave this revelation to possibly John in the book of Revelation? So, Kennedy, we don't have that mentioned for us in the book of Revelation, so we don't know. We don't know the answer to that. Another question, Divya, can we say that dreams need to be interpreted and be taken in a figurative sense always? So, in interpreting dreams, they shouldn't be taken in a figurative sense always. So, even in interpreting dreams, we take the same approach. That means first, you know, whatever you're seeing in the dream, you say, okay, let me understand it literally. If the literal doesn't make sense, then the people and the images that I've seen in the dream should then be figurative. But dreams are almost always interpreted in the context of the recipient, because it's God speaking to you. So, if it's a message for you, then you would be the best person to understand what those images mean, because it's in your world context that God is speaking. But we follow the same approach. First literal, if the literal doesn't make sense, then figurative example. In a dream, if you see a person whom you know, then that's literal. But if you see that person doing something that's, no, no, no, it doesn't make sense. Then you take that person, not literally, but the person as representing something that the person stands for or means to you. So that means that person now takes on a figurative meaning. But your first approach is that person literal. But if what you're seeing the person do doesn't make sense, then that person is can be interpreted in a figurative sense. Okay. Next question. I will come to you, Samuel. I'll just finish this one from Charles about speculation and sensationalism. How do you relate it to point one of literal and figurative? You know, so for example, there is one whole perspective of Entombible Prophecy that looks at all of prophecy as something that was fulfilled starting from the birth of the church. That means from the first century on. And in that whole view of Bible prophecy, a common interpretation that you will see is the point to the Roman Catholic Church. As you know, this Revelation 17, this mystery Babylon, and the point to the Roman Catholic Church and so on. So that's a very common interpretation of those who hold that perspective. Now, that is speculation and sensationalism. Because now you are, you know, and then you will see that they pick on the names of the popes and the titles of the popes and they interpret the number of the pope and all of that stuff. Which is, which is none of that is even supported by scripture. Right. So that's all what we were put in the category of speculation.  It's not supported by scripture. And, you know, it makes it a lot of makes it very sensational. When you start using the names of the popes and interpreting their names and coming out with the equivalent numbers and so on and so forth. That's just one example. But people can make, you know, these images very, very sensational. One example, I think I may have mentioned it is from Revelation 12. And this happened a few years ago. So it must have happened in 2019. 2019. So if I'm not mistaken. Actually, we're actually in our break time. Okay, let me just say this very quickly. In 2019, NASA had come out with information saying, you know, there's a certain alignment of certain stars. And it looks like, you know, a woman giving birth to a baby. And then people got so excited. I mean, people means certain part of the Christian world. They took Revelation 12. It talks about this woman, the stars and the woman giving birth to a man child. And they said, oh, this is the year 2019. And I think it was the month was sometime in September. I guess I forget the details now. Jesus is coming back, you know, and it kind of just, I don't know whether you've received emails on it and so on. But it became so sensational, you know, Jesus coming back because NASA has predict as, you know, given us all this information. The stars are coming into this kind of an alignment. Revelation 12 talks about that. And Jesus is coming back. We get everybody must get ready. You know, and then September came and went and here we are in 2022. Time has gone. So people can get sick sensation when they're using all these figures and so on. Okay. Just a few examples. Okay, let's pause here. And Samuel, shall we take up your question right after the break? Sure. Okay. Thank you. So let's go for a quick 10 minute break. And we'll be back at 1105 engine time.  Okay. Thanks.


Hi everybody, I'm Aurelien Jarno and I'm going to present you a QMU Which is something which can be very useful in the development so first of all what is QMU so QMU is an open source machine emulator and more recently a virtualizer and You can run a virtual a full virtual machine as a simple user on a machine There is that's the system mode emulation There is also another mode which is the user mode emulation to run a single binary Compile which for a Linux BSD Darwin From one CPU to another CPU keeping the same OS But on another CPU for example army albinari on nice radix so the supported system are Alpha arm called fire attracts microblast meeps meep sell poor pcsh 4 spark x86 x86 64 so it represents a Big subset of the Debian supported architecture Oh, it can be useful in the Debian context, so it can be very useful to port To do porting work another architecture So you can install the package you want without Asking the essay to install a package on the portal machine You can also be root on the machine so for some debugging you need to be root also the good point is that you have Access to different architecture without Having network access so you can be on a plane or an airport or something and still debugging For example some package on arm It's also very useful on the minister or Debian live development You don't have to burn a new CD image and try to to test it by rebooting your machine or having the second machine to do it Or to test the boot process testing upgrade also a kernel debugging because you with QM you can't boot a kernel and Starts to debug a very early in the kernel and Debug really the first part of the kernel and it can also be very useful across compiling. I'm sure you are You have also plenty of idea of use cases The performance are good compared to some of the emulators like box for example, but You have to be prepared for something which is slow So So all QM you works I won't spend a lot of time on that I would but just to give you an idea which is done inside So to achieve a reasonable performance to a new use a dynamic translation that is the instruction from the CPU want to emulate Converted trans dynamically translated only before trying to execute them. They are converted into an internal language Then there is a code optimization pass On this language, there is a register allocation and then the code is translated the code From the machine you want to emulate it's generated Translated into the DOS code to have good performance As there are a lot of loops or the same code is executed a lot of time There is a translation cache. So the translation is done as few as possible The only problem is that the CPU context can change So in a lot of cases you lost the translation cache, but it's helps a lot When some parts of the code are then translated into the host code They are a chain together. So you execute the first part of the codes. There is a loop You execute again that those are part of the code To be also a fast to use condition conoptimization that is For example on the X86 there is a flag register Computing the carry the zero flags for after each instruction. It takes a lot of time to do that So instead QM you just save all what it needs To compute this flag, but don't compute them and if later those flags are needs They are recomputed on the fly And in the CPU there is also emulation emulation so the memory management is done there and SMP support that is you can emulate multiple CPU For example having a machine emulating quad core machine QMU Hems to be fast. So the goal is not to be cycle accurate. So it's not something that can be used For benchmarking for example If this part of code is faster than the other, it's really the target is to be able to run as fast as possible The virtual machine So I said in the introduction there are two Main mode in QMU. So one of the mod is a system emulation It is based on the CPU emulation But if you really want to run an OS you need the CPU and some devices So there is also Device emulation so it emulates memory ship set buses a lot of IO device I mean keyboard serial and prior ports on the PC speaker also you have to have storage So it emulates disk interface either ID or that's cozy associated with some hard drives or DVD run and It have a lot of other devices like graphic card sound card network interface USB emulation Bluetooth emulation and In order to be with all two devices and the CPU emulation you are able to run an unmodified OS directly under QMU It's not very fast because some device are very as to be emulated. So your Colonel in the virtual machine translates for example the network packets into a Instruction to the network card and QMU has to do exactly the reverse Coverting them in the other side. So that's why there are para virtualized devices Which means if your guest OS as a special driver You can have a faster network card removing these translations steps so it's mainly useful for Linux and even if You are using that between for emulating an arm machine on the x86 Computer that can improve the speed of the network or the hard drive and the second mode Of QMU is the user mode. So it's only a subset of the system emulation it mainly uses CPU emulation only part of it actually and It takes a binary in emulate the instructions of the binary And when in it find a Cisco instruction are depending on the architecture the Cisco is different It's translate all the Cisco argument to the host Kernel that is changing the Indian is the structure alignment and some specific Stuff then the Cisco is executed on the host kernel and the result is translated again So if you are running an application, which is not CPU limited. So no Computation code for example mainly doing this access graphic interface interface and so on it can be really fast So with that you can run take an army of binary and execute it directly on your computer And test it so it can be useful for example So if you have an arm CPU and you want to run a proprietary software It can be very useful, but also to do cross compiling to another for another system So there are some helpers to QMU to make it's running faster So there is the old I will say QMU kernel module. So it's a module running the kernel It's only works on x86 and x86 64 and Does not need hardware support on your CPU The way it works is instead of translating instructions, which takes time execute part of the this code directly on your CPU in rings free so there is typically no Security issue But to do that, there are a lot of assumption done under guest OS Which means you have good performance, but sometimes it may crash So it's mainly tested on Windows and Linux, but still there is some strange behavior at some point And it's not maintained anymore. So I don't even think the module compiler on the recent corner The reason why it is not maintained is that are recently a Lot of CPU manufacturers have introduced hardware support for the virtualization It's done on x86 x86 64 on Intel and AMD CPU So or a recent AMD CPU have that but on Intel you have to make sure the model you buy as The virtualization instructions because Intel want to segment the market and disable them on some CPU On poor PC. It's also possible on some CPU is 64 and 390 QM is able to To use the hardware supports to the virtualization So the target instruction in this mode are not translated anymore But executed directly under CPU and the CPU take care about that Depending on the CPU you have its hands So it also can also under some MMU support or not either it has been done in the corner or directly on the CPU and With that you can achieve close to native performance so for the story KVM the kernel virtual machine started as a fork from QMU and Now the code is being reintegrated into QMU It's not the two projects KVM is mostly used as a development branch and When it is stable it is merged into QMU, but it starts to be really usable known QMU So what's a host and CPU? The QMU support so it can run on GNULI NUX, BSD, OpenCeleris, macOS and Windows and It doesn't run on every host because there is this translation step So it translates into the internal language and then to support a new CPU you have to Write the code which translate the internal language into the assembly code of the CPU. So it supports a still Good subset so x86 poor PC ARM are working very nicely HPPA is very experimental. I think it's not really maintained anymore. I haven't tried it yet I don't know if it works spark works well for some Architecture, but not for the others. So it's still a bit experimental and S390X I've just mentioned in there. So it's a 64-bit version of S390 It's currently only a set of patches that have been posted a few days ago on the mailing list Seems to works well, but I haven't tried I cannot tell you and What interests probably you more because I guess most of you have a x86 or x64 machine or poor PC It's what which targets you can run which virtual machine you can emulate with QMU so I will run quickly about all the The supported architecture was so having Debian so you can see the state of this architecture And if you can use it for debugging or you should be prepared to something which doesn't really work. So So the x86-x86-x64 support so 32 or 64 bits it supports in terror It's emulated in terror in the CPU even with recent generation sets so MMX SSS2 and It's emulated a standard PC with a very old chipset but Still runs a Lot of OS with that it's as PCI USB graphic card support It's if you emulate a phenom AMD phenom CPU there is also at the virtualization instruction sets supported So an inside QMU can develop the KVM module Because it is able to emulate those instructions and And I think recently it's seven you can even run a virtualized QMU under QMU under QMU there is nested virtualization support on AMD In 32-bit it can emulate up to 64 gigabyte of RAM and a shooter abide in 64-bit mode I think the main limit in 64-bit mode is just testing Very few person have access to such machine to test if it works or not So in short, it's very good emulation In the user mode and in system mode. There is no real problem with this target. You can really use it The ARM support so it supports various CPU from ARMv4 to ARMv7 so you can choose them Demulation on the CPU side is very good except for the recent instruction sets So Vfp and Neon are there, but they are not really tested and I've seen recently on the QMU mailing list that some persons are trying to use a FFN peg with them and they are Fixing the bugs currently detecting and fixing the bugs It supports a various board or devices so the Versatil review board the Nokia N800 N810 and if you want to run it in Debian the best is to use the Versatil board because we have a kernel in Debian That that is available and can run onto the board One of the main problem is that most board are limited to 256 megabyte of RAM so It was still a good value until recently Compar for example to the to the slug which has only 32 megabyte of RAM But now there are very fast-term devices with a lot more memory so QMU is a bit lagging behind for that It also supports PCI and USB Interface it has an emulated graphic card And nothing more support meaning you have to run the kernel and in Italy directly and a good emulation user mode so it's Compar for example to a slug device if you have a two gigahertz machine QMU will be faster than The slug and it will have a faster IOS support because it have not Esk emulated SCSI interface instead of USB drive and a lot more of memory So it's it can be an alternative to you to using a slug if you are doing arm development MIP support so MIP support 32 and 64 bit mode with various CPU Including MIP 32 and 64 It's even support very recent CPU MIP 64 R2 for people knowing that The main problem is that very few machine are supported So many the MIPS Malta and very old MIPS machine like the Pica 61 or the Magnum machines that's Means that's if you really wanted to use it for Debian development The only same option is the Malta board which had also an imitation to 256 megabyte of memory It also has PCI and USB support, but it has no Really working Graphic card So you have to be prepared to use the CL port or SSH to work on it And the emulation is user mode works, but not to the same level as our army L8674 The poor PC targets so it supports also 32 and 64 bits The 64th kernel doesn't the 64 bit emulation on the CPU side is not fully tested And there is no real machine emulated machine to test it So the only usable machine is the old G3 beige poor PC Which run is started to be it mode. You can have up to 2 gigabyte of emulated RAM PCI USB support So there is a broken ID emulation, meaning that currently QMU emulates another ID board to be able to have a CD-ROM support But it's still usable and the frame buffer emulation is also broken Meaning the color reversed and you are not really able to use X on it So if you want to to use it for development be prepared to not have X support But otherwise the CPU is working very correctly And another architecture we have in Debian is the spark The 32 bit emulation is very working very correctly With almost complete emulation of send for a machines There are only a few small devices that are not emulated, but it's almost complete You can depending on the machine you can have up to 2 gigabyte of RAM emulated The only problem is that Debian doesn't support the 32-bit spark Since Edge. Edge was the last release with this emulation And the 64 bit emulation is not really working It's still in development. There are people working on it currently, but it crushes after a few lines of kernel printk And the emulation user mode is also basic. So it's not really used and not compared to the level of the others And we there are also the targets that we don't really have in Debian or they are currently integrated in Debian So you can see the support So That for example, we have SH for supports. I know there is an SH port in development. Maybe That can be useful And also for s390 there is Some development on it and it seems to be quite fast Except that it will be limited to the 64 bit emulation to 64 bit os2 port cpu So how I tested these targets Okay, oh, I tested a bit targets. I told you the emulation on the cpu is correct I tried to build gdpc, bnewtils and gcc And they're treating you and on the real machine and then compare the binary that are produced All the resulting binaries, but also all the The build tree comparing event config.log files trying to see if there are different and if they're explainable or not And on all those targets The previous one on the other targets We have exactly the same result on The Debian side on the virtual machine side and the real machine side So it's really something That can be useful for debugging. I have debug a lot of things with qmu a problem tracker on the Debian build elements and they were reproducible under qmu even for some strange internal cpu functions or So it works very well for that which doesn't mean You can build your Packages and qmu and upload them to the archive That's something which is not allowed in Debian. There have been some discussion about that and Don't use it To upload packages now For kivm is different. I I don't know what is the main opinion, but given in my opinion given That's the there is no emulation on this on the instruction set that the instructions are emulated directly Uh, I had executed directly on the stpu. I don't think there is a real problem to use kvm to To build packages and also we already have some kvm build elements in running in Debian So it looks very cool, but now what you want is getting it working on your computer so The first is probably to test a very simple mode which is the user emulation So I will Do that actually I plan to do a demo at the end, but I think for the qmu user emulation the best is to do it now So you can run directly Oops You can run a binary compile for another architecture on the same os Using directly qmu and the architecture and the name of the binary So that works, but that's works only for static binaries if your binary are using libraries for dynamic binaries You have to you need a root tree so Of this architecture including all the the libraries and you have to start with a prefix. So that's where the demo is Maybe useful. So I'm doing that with the army. I don't know. Maybe I should increase the size of the I don't know Yeah, right Configuration No, it's not that Model Okay, and I guess increasing the font size are you able to see now? Or a bit more Okay Like that. So here I have an army l3 So I can run fine. You can see there are some binaries and some libraries may need the ellipse So imagine I want to do a simple ls I can run qmu arm And if I try to run the ls it won't work because it doesn't find the jlpc So that's a moment with minus l You say where is the root directory on So basically the prefix to a tool binaries And now you are able to use the ls and I can show you that it's an army Binary so it's arm lsb You can even try to run for example bin sh So it's really up to date. So it's use dash And you you can see your tree and execute a few command cuts and so on I don't think there is a lot more to see about to Know about that the only Maybe other useful option if you are doing debugging There is an s trace option. So you can see like if you are using your s trace you can see all the syscoles that are used So that can be useful for for debugging and then you just have to have some imagination about how to use it What are the use cases? That's for the user emulation. I think it's very simple And let's continue With the system emulation. So as you warning first Yeah, it's better to use a very written version. So the the qmu development has told her bits before a version O10 so There When kvm support has been added to qmu Development started again. And so there is a huge difference between versions o9. Unfortunately at the version we have In lenny and the version o10 and later. Yes, the version o10 has been released a bit too late for any so Really prefer version 0.10 or even 0.11. I will see a few words later So there is no guise or get ready to use the command line or there are also a lot of front ends available The goal of qmu is really to stay simple and Uh, if people really want a guy, uh, to configure the emulation and so on to use a front end for that there are many And uh, sometimes you You see some function that doesn't work you you for example network configuration But remember there is no point running a qmu as a root even if it seems to work Is this is the only way to work A qmu Is probably very secure, but still it's a complex software. So there might be a Security issue somewhere. So if you run it as a user you prevent this kind of thing So if we want to start You can just uh, run the qmu system and the name of the architecture be aware that for um md64 it's the official name of the architecture. So it's e86 64 And what you want to run for example cd rom and run the bian live So it's something, uh, I think I've prepared So I can run the bian live It's just a ssh, uh, script that is contained in the same lines. So you can, uh, boot The bian live You can probably make it bigger Well, oh, oh, what's that? That's the official cd. We have a release with linear. I probably there is a new version now So just for the demonstration, I'm running it with a kvm enabled So it's a bit faster. So you don't have to wait for for the whole boots, but And then you have your it's the kv version. So well, maybe I'm not sure it works continuing up to the end of the boot But that's basically how it works But we want probably to do a bit more. Well, it's not finished to boot actually You can use it as a full screen Oh, it doesn't finish to boot so Let's continue So the main interface you have seen the interface By default, it's a just x11 interface which is actually fdl behind Uh, you can use control plus alt to grab into the interface So then you are sure all your keys and your mouse are sent to qmu and not to your host You can switch to window mode to full screen mode, uh using control plus alt plus f and vis versa So when you are using the grabbing mode, your mouse stay inside your Your uh window But it's sometimes you really want to be able to change from qmu to your host directly So for that, there is a an option which is usb device tablet. So instead of emulating a mouse it emulates a tablet So it uses a absolutely, uh, coordinate and so you can directly Move your mouse into the qmu window and back to your host without doing anything And another option that can be very useful is a knock retoption Uh, it's just to prevent uh closing with qmu by mistake doing a lf4 Clicking on the cross so you will see that it's something that can happen when you are using it very often and switching Towards the application. So that's the x11 interface by default There is also a cross interface which only work in text mode But that can be very useful if you want to boot a system remotely for example through ssh Uh, and also if you want to run it, uh as a As a demo on somewhere on the machine on the server and access it from remote including the graphic interface it can Emulate a vnc server so then you can connect to this server And have in the last version you can even have multiple clients simultaneously And for that you probably if you are not using a us keyboard probably have to Select your keyboard because as you are going through vnc qmu is sending the rocky codes to Your guests so exactly like a keyboard would send and qmu have to know how to translate The key receives through vnc Into rocky code of a keyboard. So for example to select the fr keyboard minus qfr And you may also want to disable the graphic output and you can use the no graphic output So For the demo and until now i've just run a cd rom of the main live, but you probably want to Install uh the bn on it or another system and save The result so for for dive recently until recently there was a hda to select to Send tax to select the first hard drive. So it's a deprecated interface Now we should use a drive file equal syntax because it's uh, um allow to To pass a lot more arguments So for example, it's uh, you can select if your drive should be emulated as id or sk as cozy you can also select The file formats you are using by default it auto detects the file format, but it can be a security issue So if you are running that on a server you should force them The image formats to formats which is really using in the image and so that's uh the point are Different image formats so which stores the image of your drive of your military drive So first of all the raw image which is just storing the drive direct the content of the drive directly It can be very fast if you emulate a 40 gigabyte drive it takes 40 gigabyte That's big, but at the same time it's it's fast. So There is also a two copy and write format. So the kiko format, uh, which Only stores and the really used Um Sectors in the other drives, uh, it's slower slower, but uh, it's also very small Kiko was the old format, uh, which doesn't support a lot of Things except being copy and write And it will be deprecated. Uh, probably soon with the next versions There is because there is a kiko two formats which are support for transparent compression and encryption But it was really broken version previous to out and so can secure me is moving a lot currently And there were things broken, but now start to stabilize and also when there is a release, there is a stable branch so they will Be more stable versions So the question in that case how to get fast i o so Sometimes people are reporting back things. It's very slow on their drives So first of all try to use a kernel without the f thing bug because it can really affect QMU Especially if you are running a browser like a swizzle or firefox at the same time for that you have to use a 2630 Kernel or later If you really want faster you'll use a raw image and not on a file system But directly and into a partition so lvm on a partition on a disk So you are removing one layer And also there is an option Added recently Which controls all the disk access are cached so There is Different option either there is no cache at all cache in read mode only in read write So if you want the fastest i o possible you have to use cache equal write back Which means that all the data are not written on the may not be written on the disk When your guest machines think it has been written So if your host crash with a problem or whatever You may have data corrections, but it's really the the fastest mode and there is a huge difference between the different modes And if you want to do some development sometimes you don't want to you have a working image You don't want to break it. You can use a minus tap shots It only works with kiko and kiko to images Um, but it doesn't store The change in on their drive. So if you restart it later if you break everything and you restart it It will be the same as previous It's a very useful option in when developing There is also something which is a bit uh complicated in qm racing is the most complicated part and Why persons are having problems? Uh, so a virtual card is emulated in the guests It can there are different card availability different models and they are um I believe there are different cards tends 100 and gigabit cards And that it's only virtual cards. So It's the theoretical speed and a 10 megabit card can go and can run faster than that on qm but faster cards Many gigabit cards tends to have network overloading features. So it helps to use those cards under qm. It's it's faster So that that's on the guest side on the host side you have to connect your guest to the network So the default mode is user mode and working. So it runs as a default user. You don't need to be root and use standard functions from the libc to connect to to the network Using the sleep ip stack It's only support is cp and udp not icmp because you need to be root for that And it only support ipv4. So it the speed is reasonable And it's very easy to set up So that's how it's done.  So if you are at depthcon for example, it will collide with the network You can change it within using this option and if you want to Access to your qme image from the outside. You can redirect some ports of your host to your guest. I will show you a demo later about that The other option are tap networking That's creating a tap interface in the linux Which is connected to virtual nix. So it's difficult to set up because you also have a lot of configuration of the outside on the outside But it provides a full emulated ip stack with ipv6 whatever you want on it and very high transfer rate but It's complicated to set up the alternative is dvd networking virtual disability internet. So it's Basically the same feature. It's very easy to set up on the qme side. You are just moving the configuration On the vd side, but it can be shared by different software And also sometimes you don't just want to disable networking. So there is an option for that To make sure your host doesn't access to the network A few other tips that can be very useful You can boot directly a kernel Using the kernel ineterity and upland arguments. So you don't need a bootloader. It can boot faster. It's very useful in kernel development You can change your machine or the cpu with some options You can export a usb device that is for example You have a usb pendrive. You want to have it available in your guest. So You can use usb device option and it is seen directly in the guest There is smp support. So you can emulate multiple cpu So if you are using qme, it's only use one without virtualization You only use one cpu host. So if you emulate 64 cpu, it will be very slow at the end, but it boots If you want to enable kvm support, if you have virtualization, you just have to pass minus enable kvm And on debian, if you are a member of the group kvm, that's enough to get access to virtualization Also on different distribution, I don't know if it's done, but I guess it's the same And if you have a qme image and you want to access it without booting qme, there is a qme on video tool You can connect to a network block device and you can mount So with this option, for example, this qme image is then available on the host as slash dev nbd 0 0p1p2p3p4 for the partitions and you can mount them and access them directly Even if you are using a qcode 2 or compressed support, it works So I told you before there is a new version that will be available soon Which is planned for september The main things in it is the kvm integration So the virtualization really works with it in qme 0.10 it is there, but it's clearly slower than the kvm software There is a huge improvement of the qme as a site so you can run more binaries there are more sysco emulated The qcode 2 image support has been Really improved and really it's really stable because it will be the Really the default image support in this version There are new actions that have been added and small features a lot of small features have been added bug fixed and speed improvement also So I guess well one of the things In devian we are basically two recovery pro and me maintaining qme As we are both developing on the upstream side, we don't really use the qme package So we are really I will walk looking for commentaries to help us So if there are some people wanting to help you're welcome And so there are a few links you can see my presentation about how to so I've prepared not a pre built image for most Devian architecture. So if you don't really Need to install them yourself. You can just grab them and Run them and if you prefer to install them from from scratch, you have the installation instruction on my website So now I will do some demonstration like I've did but with most different architectures And I'm also open to question if you have some especially given it may take time to boot so Okay, so that's my demo. I will close that So I've prepared a few Demonstration so for example, we can boot an army machine So you can see the boot running And so that's a bit slow, but still the boot is quite fast and it will Uh Run xorg later. So I let it booting and doing this time and starting another machine So I told you on the MIPS emulation. For example, you don't have a graphic card. So if you run it It's just uh connected to a serial To the serial port But it's still uh usable So you can see it booting also will connect with later I And I will start also show the images and while they boot I will take some question if there are some Yeah, sorry Uh, I will put it currently it is not there, but I will put it on my website after I'm not fixing the shoe typo of remarketing the talk. So Yes, I've tried to use the mtd block stuff with qmu. Yeah, uh and haven't succeeded So how do you actually do that? Because there's some thing that the board actually that you're emulating actually has to have mtd on it In order to be able to on the the image I am providing there is Then do not use mtd supports because you can basically use The canal and enter the option directly so you can just start your canal this way There is mtd supports for arm for example Uh and sh4 so it has been added I haven't really tried it to be honest, but I know there have been a lot of development on that For the version or point 11. So I don't know if you have tried this version or not, but Clearly things probably have improved on that So let's see if there are Okay, so the images are still booting so there is a spark machine There are I think that's a poor pc machine So what you mentioned that the latest version has got integration with kvm Why um, I mean I've had had a little go when I was trying to test a dvd But why would I want to use that integration rather than using kvm directly? You know, what what are the relative merits of the two? What is wrong? Okay, so kvm currently is mostly a user the development branch so and For each new version there is a lot of new features, but also in a lot of new bugs so currently with version 10 is not really a good idea to use The kvm emulation kvm support on it, but with version or point 11 Clearly it's it will there will be a stable branch with bug fixes So the kvm support would be very more stable than the kvm software itself So it's just that kvm is currently you're saying kvm is on stables and qm u m qm u Is this yeah, he's taking the stable parts of the working part of kvm. Yeah, so that's our arm machine starting currently x Well, maybe my cpu is a bit Starting I have only the work core one and starting from machine at the same time Maybe not a very good idea Any other questions Okay, so Uh, I will take I have a white one. Yeah Okay, so What I've done so I will show you Oh, it's cool for the debian No demo For the poor pc Machine I've specified a radial parameters Which I mean now my port 2222 of my machine is connected to the 22 port inside the poor pc machine So if you don't really want to use the okay, I don't remember which one is it The poor pc machine is this one So it's possible to look in there But you still have a console and With qm interface is probably not very nice. You don't have cut and paste and so on So this way you can connect Directly to the machine without having a complex support It should not work because and now You are on the poor pc machine so Okay, so you can run it's still booting. I think so that's why it's a bit slow But you can see it's a it's a g3 cpu It's a lany canal the default canal so you can really do the poor pc development this way The same so it sparks only from it's still an edge version But there is a spark machine booting Logging out foot for example I can show you It's a Your lycra spark machine with the same kind of cpu Uh and then for example, let's try to log in On the rml machine So we are starting so it's a bit slow because we are emulating but it's a work normal environment so But you will see it's seven possible to run open office in it and It it works And so for this machine I started with usb tablet so you can see that My mouse maybe it's there on the on the left side. I can enter directly to the To the to the virtual machine Without having to grab and and so on it just follow. So that's the nice feature of the usb tablet Option something really you want to use Well, it's really slow Any other question maybe You say that in order for to have better io performance And it would be better to use a kernel Which is currently only in unstable Is that kernel available in backports and does it work on backports as well as it does on unstable If it QMU is well backport at all No QMU, I don't think it is backported. I don't have the answer for the kernel What I know is I am using directly the unstable kernel On a stable machine it works. I mean you can install it directly with the package So it's not directly related to QMU. It's just that it's also it will really improve the The net the Ios speed on the world your war machine, but it's really something important for QMU especially that Given of this bug your host machine can Be stuck for a few seconds All the disk access for a few seconds and in QMU if you're Emulate the kernel of your emulated machine doesn't get news from the ideas because it arrived for a few seconds it starts to To sometimes mounted again at read only or stuff like that, so It's a really good idea to not have this bug And it will improve for example if you are using fire for service It will also improve a lot Yeah Yeah, I wanted to use QMU like right now, but like later it The latest in the git repository Then do you think I can build it with the? Debian so from the devian source package Put the latest git in there and build the package Yeah, I mean taking the QMU The packaging taking the packaging stuff from devian source Put it into the git and currently not but the plan is to package a new version in experimental soon. I mean the 0.11 so Well, there might be some differences because in upstream for QMU to work The virtual machines needs to have BIOS or open firmware or stuff like that so On the upstream side, they are provided directly as binaries There are the sources, but they are provided as binaries and they are not rebuilt At all in the on the devian side We rely on external packages for that. So that's probably the the main difference that You may encounter it may if you package the upstream Git repository with the devian directory You will probably end up with the firmware in the devian package and make conflicts with the Official package we have for this firmware Any other question? Okay, stop Okay, so if you have more questions you can come after


So, we've seen that financial booms are not only good for the economy while they last, but the worst thing about them is that they cannot go on forever. What will ultimately stop the boom is that with higher debts, people need to devote a larger part of their income to monthly loan repayment and interest. There is a limit to how much they can miss and still pay for their living, so debt growth will always have to stop at a point where people cannot afford to take on new loans. And since rising asset prices depend on increasing debt levels, the end of borrowing means the end of the asset price boom. And then what? Well, if house prices have been increasing for a long time because of all this borrowed money, then in the end, most of the price of a house will be due to debt creation rather than due to any real demand for living space. So when house prices stop increasing because people cannot afford more mortgages borrowing, then suddenly, most people see no more reason to buy a house. Anyone wanting to sell a house now will have to offer it for a lower price to find a buyer. In fact, there's no reason why the price should not go down all the way to the initial level that reflects the real demand for living space where it was before debt started pushing up the price. After all, without house prices rising, the only remaining reason to buy a house is because of the value it offers as a place to live in. And that was the value we started with before the mortgage boom came along. Now, that initial price is much, much lower than what houses sell for at the top of a debt-driven house price boom. And the longer and larger the boom was, the more house prices will now fall. Once this starts, everything goes into reverse. All that made the boom seem like such a great time now makes the bust a truly miserable time. A little borrowing by some made for great capital gains due to rising house prices for all. Now, a little less borrowing by some makes for large losses through falling house prices all around. And just like rising house prices trigger more demand and more borrowing. Now, a small house price decline causes further declines in demand and in borrowing. Also, the fact that your mortgage was fixed while your house price was rising made you rich without doing any work on the way up. Now, the problem is that debt levels are fixed just like before, but house prices are falling and this makes you poorer without anything you can do about it. In fact, with falling house prices soon some people will have larger debts than their house is worth. First, there was just a lot of debt with even higher house prices so no problem and now there is a lot of debt but with low house prices and not enough asset value to balance the debt there is a problem. People turn from positive net worth to negative net worth and suddenly credit is not a free lunch but a problem. It's also debt and you have to pay it with too little to pay it from. This is so scary suddenly everyone wants to pay off as much of the debt as possible perhaps by selling their house. So falling house prices increase the supply of houses which pushes down the price more which increases supply and so on. Soon enough with falling asset prices repaying debt by selling your house is simply not an option. The only way to fully repay debt is now out of income and this is where the debt burden comes in again. This ratio of debt to income was forgotten during the boom but now it's glaringly obvious that income is all you have to pay your debt from but remember debt has risen much faster than income so the debt burden is really high. A lot of income has to be devoted to debt repayment and that means it cannot be used to buy goods and services. As demand for goods and services falls GDP growth may fall or even turn negative and it gets worse. The other thing that happens is that banks will reduce their lending with falling prices of houses and other assets banks suddenly have much less security so this makes them much more careful to issue loans. Firms in the real sector suddenly find it much harder to obtain loans for investment and growth and to make matters worse their customers are buying much less since they're busy repaying loans. More money now flows as loan repayment out of the economy to banks than before that may be good for banks but the fall in house prices which is their security on mortgages is much larger so banks still do not lend. The combination of these forces more money flowing into banks less lending coming from banks this is called a credit crunch suddenly the economy is choking for lack of credit. Money is being pulled out of the normal economic process from all sides this developed as a result of the normal economic process it seems as if financial boom bust in stability and crisis is a normal outcome rather than an exceptional shock to the system. Now strange as it sounds that is actually the case our economic system is built to produce crises just like the boom the bust process is not like an equilibrium. Remember our carrot example where a lower price for carrots means you want to buy more of them so the price rises again but as we've seen stability and equilibrium through supply and demand do not work on asset markets now declining prices for houses and stocks means you want to have even less of it no one wants to hold assets that decrease in price so falling prices produce even lower prices they don't move back to equilibrium they spiral out of control upward or downward and if the banks cut back lending to real businesses then there is even less income to pay for the existing debt this means that the bust reinforces itself and will only reverse if debt is back at a sustainable level which may be really low. In the real world this happens again and again and that's no coincidence it's built into the system time and again people come to believe that the price of something will keep going up and they can get rich without working this ranges from the Dutch tulip bubble in 1637 the British South Sea bubble in 1720 recurring financial panics in the US such as in 1873 and again in 1893 both because of railroad speculation Charles Ponzi scheme in the US which collapsed in 1920 the US real estate and stock market boom which burst in 1929 and then the US savings and loans debacle in the 1980s the black Tuesday New York stock market busts in 1987 the US stock market dot-com bubble which burst in 2000 and now the US mortgage derivative bubble which burst in 2007 and in addition to all this many house price crashes occurred for instance in the Netherlands in 1979 in Japan in 1990 or in Sweden in the early 1990s what all these crises have in common is that they happen in financially well-developed economies and that each financial crisis starts with a boom in property or asset markets we've seen how investment in these markets increases debts but not income and so it sets the scene for crisis by raising the debt burden we've also seen that banks and investors and consumers all benefit enormously from a boom they don't have any reason to stop it while it lasts until it's too late so the boom is built into the very fabric of our economy and so is the bust this may sound obvious but the implication is this we should stop thinking about our economy as a system which will always go back to equilibrium we should recognize that it is always moving towards the next crisis and then we should think of policies and regulations to tame the boom and to prevent the bust so let's step back what have we learned the ability of banks to create money as they land means that they also create debt and if this debt is used only to inflate the prices of houses and other assets and to consume then what follows after that boom is a credit crisis and a debt deflation and a recession it's only natural or is it what should we do after this our greatest financial crisis ever how do we harness credit for growth and stability while dealing with the dark side of credit which is too much debt