Hi, everybody, Joe for Jasper's Case Breaks.com with 2016 Panini Absolute Football Retail Edition, Random Team Break number four. We got three different dice rolls happening here. First one, giving away four extra spots within that break. Second one, the break itself. Third dice roll giving away five limited football random number block spots. So big thanks to this group for making it happen. Let's give away four extra spots the people who bought spots. Let's randomize that list. Five and a two. Seven times. Top four after seven. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. After seven, Carl had some odds with him on his side. Top four. There's Carl, Carl, Carl, and then Jeff. Two for the price of one. We'll put a little rooftop next to your name. Letting you know that those are the spots that were the winners. Now let's do the break itself. All 32 teams are in. Second dice roll. Roll it, randomize it, four and a six. Ten times for names and teams. One, two, three, and tenth and final time. Ten times for the teams. One, two, and tenth and final time. It's getting to go to triple over time. All right, here's the first half of the list right here. And the second half of the list right over here for Dame Advances. Did they have timeouts remaining? I can't tell from all of that that scoreboard is now gone. All right, there's the final print out. They did have a timeout. Oh yeah, why didn't they take it then? Rookie Forrest, Deandre Washington. For the Raiders, that's gonna go to Carl. Red Zone, Antonio Brown. We've got a Rook, Ink, Kenny Clark. For the Packers, that'll be for Jeff. All right, there you go, gang. So nothing too crazy in that 2016 box, but let's gather everybody's names again for the third and final dice roll. And that's gonna be the top five after three. We'll get into that limited number block, randomizer. One, two, and three. So six on down, 32. Sad times, but I appreciate you trying. Happy times over the top five. You're in the next stage of the break. Carl, you're in. And again, Jeff Henn, Jeff Lydell, Anthony, sneaking in as well. Congrats to you. We'll see you in that random number block randomizer in the next video. JaspeysCaseRace.com. Bye-bye.


Hello everyone, thanks for coming to this talk. So this talk is about interconnecting Neutron and network operators BGP VPNs. So this is about Telco stuff, so don't be afraid, we'll take care of explaining to you what this all means and what this is all about. So first of all, what are BGP VPNs? So to explain this better, it's important to avoid the confusion with the other kinds of VPNs that you probably know, TPP IPsec VPNs or SSL VPNs. So what we call BGP VPNs are pretty different. They have no encryption built in. The P in these BGP VPNs stands for private and you should think about private addressing then for isolation of scopes and avoid overlapping issues. And one can still obviously add encryption over a BGP VPN, it's just that it's not built in like in an IPsec or SSL VPN. And a second important difference is that the isolation provided with BGP VPNs is not managed by the customers using the virtual private networks. It's managed by the operator that operate the shared physical network, the shared physical infrastructure. That makes these BGP VPNs very different than IPsec or SSL VPNs. So technically, we want to explain a bit. This is a very simplified one slide explanation of how BGP VPNs work. If you want to know more, you'll have to dig into more serious documentation. So to allow having multiple overlapping networks, you need to have a data plane encapsulation or data plane isolation. And in BGP VPNs, initially, IPLS, and it's still what's largely used, MPLS is used to isolate the traffic of different VPNs. It's not the only thing that you can do with MPLS. So again, if you want to know more about MPLS, you'll have to go beyond what we explained here. So what you can just retain is that we use what we call an MPLS label to distinguish the packets on the wire between the different VPNs. Then we need a control plane to send traffic to its destination in the context of a VPN. And here, the protocol that is used is BGP, more precisely, VPN extensions of MPBGP, but it doesn't really matter. And here what we do is, perhaps, you know, when BGP is used for the global internet, we advertise a prefix and say that it's reachable via a router here and with additional properties. Here in BGP VPNs, we advertise a prefix in the context of a VPN, which is identified by what we call a root target. And we say that it reachable via a router using this, such or such, MPLS label to distinguish the traffic from the traffic of other VPNs. Again, this is simplified. What we call a root target is not strictly speaking a VPN identifier. It's much more flexible, and you can do many different things with this. But this is the short summary. These BGP VPNs were invented some time ago, initially for L3 VPNs, and they were later extended to cover Ethernet VPNs. With various flavors, the most recent one, which is called EVPN, being the one having the more potential today. And later, these extensions have been generalized to support not only MPLS as encapsulations, but MPLS over GRE, MPLS over UDP, or VXLAN. So this is the reason why we call them BGP VPNs rather than the historical name of BGP and MPLS VPNs. So these VPNs are kind of old. They are as old as Ethernet VLANs were invented in the late 90s. They have had incremental improvement since. They have lots of deployments in particular in telcos, and they are very interoperable. There are a few IETF RLCs that describe them, if you have on this slide the reference if you want to start in point. And you can be aware that multi-vendor deployments are commonplace, which illustrates the level of interoperability. And they are also very scalable. For instance, large operators like O-Range, RNTNT, and others have BGP and MPLS deployments serving millions of VPN sites. This gives an idea of the scale that this technology can achieve, thanks to a toolbox of established practices and protocol extensions to improve a scaling. And now I'll let Paul follow up on the topic. By the way, we didn't even introduce ourselves. We did not introduce ourselves. So I'm Thomas Mohin, working for O-Range. Paul Carver with AT&T. Tim Ernich, working for Ericsson. So a little bit of history back when dinosaurs roamed the earth, telcos sold private lines. And then we came along with Frame Relay and ATM, which were totally non-IP protocols. And as IP became more and more prevalent, we started migrating our core networks to IP. And then we realized that customers still wanted the private kind of connectivity. So a lot of your companies may very well be using MPLS VPNs without you knowing it in your legacy IT, because what happened was AT&T and the other telcos migrated the backbones to an MPLS backbone and would deploy customer edge routers to the customer that would provide multiple VPNs. A customer wants to use, for example, private addressing, or they just want to be able to transport traffic separate from their internet connectivity. In many cases, the voice over IP is a common use case, where there would be a customer premise piece of equipment that will use an MPLS VPN to attach the voice over IP phones and also, for example, provide internet service and keep the two separate. The telcos also began using MPLS VPNs internally for our infrastructure. So in order to interconnect our various components of our network infrastructure, pieces of the mobility cell phone networks. So there's a number of use cases where MPLS VPNs are deployed since the 90s, as Tamay has indicated. And as OpenStack people, you may be more separate from the people who run your network. So you may not be aware that in your data center, you've got OpenStack networking with Neutron, and at the edge, somebody is managing a physical router that may very well be interconnecting your sites.  And if you, for example, want to attach multiple of your same data centers with their separate Neutron networking to the same wide area network, we have the ability here to interconnect your Neutron networks with your pre-existing MPLS VPNs that you may be purchasing. So the basic components of this are, it's broken down into an admin and a tenant portion. And so the admin is the person who knows what MPLS VPNs you have available. And these are identified by something called a route target. And so the route targets that you have available to you are sort of, they're usually handed to you by someone. So you bought an MPLS VPN to interconnect your data centers and maybe you have another MPLS VPN to connect your remote offices. And maybe you're purchasing a IPsec VPN service that comes with IPsec termination on the carrier's network that is then interconnected within the carrier's network to an MPLS VPN that delivers to your data center. These are just examples of services that you may already, that your companies may already be using. So those route targets are sort of outside data that your network administrators would be aware of what MPLS VPNs are identified by which route targets. So the admin in your OpenStack cloud can then create a BGP VPN object that is mapped to the route target and hand that object to your tenant. So the tenant can then create Neutron networks and associate those networks or routers to an admin created BGP VPN object. So the admin gives the BGP VPN to the tenant and then a user within that tenant is then able to associate a network or a router to that VPN object. So when this happens, the API calls come into the BGP VPN service plugin and then there's a set of drivers. We have four drivers at this point in time. We have the reference driver with bagpipe. We have an ODL driver, a contrail driver, and a Nuage driver. And so the API comes into the service plugin and then that triggers the back end to perform this association between the Neutron network or router and the BGP VPN which is then mapped to a route target which then connects out. So the BGP peers in this diagram, in a typical use case, that would be an edge router. That would be a router that connects out to the wide area network so that it could be a virtualized router but it might very well be a hardware router that has a fiber going out to the wide area network and it's carrying a multiple MPLS separated VPNs. And so the back end would advertise the routes for your Neutron networks out to your wide area network and allow you to attach your VMs to the Neutron network and have the packets carried over MPLS out through this gateway across the wide area network. Take this one. So in the particular case where an SDN controller is used, the BGP VPN service plugin will use the driver for the specific SDN controller and, well, of course, the details of how things are done inside the SDN controller can be different depending on the controller but typically you will have another interface that will be a REST API. This will be used by the driver to actually pass information to the SDN controller. And then this SDN controller system will have a BGP speaker able to advertise and consume routes exchanged with BGP peers. And the thousands of SDN controllers will be used to actually configure the data plane on the virtual switches to actually forward MPLS traffic, receive MPLS traffic to the VMs and traffic from the VMs forwarded as MPLS towards the VPNs. The reference driver that we added to the project works differently, of course. Like other reference drivers in Neutron, it's not based on an external system that would be an SDN controller. So the one we added actually is designed to work in a context where you use the OpenV Switch Mechanism Driver as an M2 driver. We have worked in progress to do the same architecture with the Linux Brickstream Mechanism Driver. So in this case, when an API call is made to define an association, an interconnection between, for instance, a network and an external BGP VPN, the driver, which is called the BackPy driver because it relies on a component called BackPype, will use RPCs, typically over RabbitMQ, but of course could be something else. To pass the information about this BGP VPN attachment to the BackPyBGP component that runs on compute nodes, and this is done via an extension added into the Neutron OpenV Switch agent. This BackPyBGP component is responsible for advertising BGP VPN routes, receiving BGP VPN routes and configuring the data plane accordingly, meaning when you receive a packet for which you have a route to a destination which is an MPLS route, add all the information so that the current traffic will be actually encapsulated and sent on the right interface or tunnel. So to do this, we actually add a bridge to the existing bridges on the compute node, bridge called BRMPLS, which allows to segment the roles between the different components. The Neutron OpenV Switch agent is only responsible for the BRINT and BR2N bridges, and the BackPyBGP component only responsible for BRMPLS. You don't have a risk of inconsistency because the life cycle of the different agents are different. And then the traffic is carried over MPLS towards VPNs. So we have a demo. So in this demo, what we will show, the starting point is, I assume you have an OpenStack deployed. So here it's a single VM DevStack. You have an OpenStack cloud that is interconnected to an IPM-PLS1 using BGP VPNs already. So you have a pre-existing customers with pre-existing VPNs in the one. And both are glued together with BGP MPLS routers, IPM-PLS routers having the configuration in place for the BGP VPN protocols, but no per customer, but not any per customer information. So the platform used for this demo, we have a DevStack VM using the OpenV Switch BackPy driver that I just described. And we have a lab router which is running the VM as well, and a VPN side which is emulated also as a VM. So what we will do is interconnect a virtual machine of tenant Red to the VPN Red of the, maybe you have, let's assume we have an enterprise named Red, it's not a fancy name. And we'll just show something very spectacular as you will see. Sorry, let me try to switch it on. Okay, so initially if we look at the routes present on the router to which the physical site, the physical VPN site is connected, we don't have many routes. We have only the routes for the one site and for the IP present on the router itself. So if we look at the admin interface on OpenStack, so we are logging in as admin on the OpenStack cloud, we see that we actually have a tenant called Red. And for this tenant, we will configure a BGP VPN. So what I'm showing here is the horizon interface for the BGP VPN service plugin. So here you have an example of a creation of a network for a tenant which actually is the demo tenant. So we just defined the control plane identifier of a VPN which is called a root target and we create the BGP VPN. At this point, of course, nothing is made, no association has been done. We will do the same creation of a BGP VPN for tenant Red using a heat template illustrating the heat binding that were added to the project. So using this heat template, we defined two VPNs for the tenant Red, Red VPN A and Red VPN B. And we also defined a VPN for tenant Blue, additionally to the one created via the horizon GUI. Now, if we connect to the same OpenStack using this time as a user of the Red tenant, oh, sorry. So if we look at the configuration on the router, the configuration on the physical router to which the physical sites of customer Red is connected to, if we look at the configuration that's router, we see the configuration of the VPN for customer Red and we see, sorry, switching between two pointers. So we see the same root target identity for your being used, the same one as the one that we have defined on the admin horizon interface. Now looking in as customer Red, we see the two VPNs that are defined for those customers. Of course, this tenant does not see the VPNs of other tenants. And again, using a heat template for a Swift demo, we create an association. We create a network. In this network, we spoon a VM and we associate the network to the VPN called RedVPN A. So this is pretty short. And what we see is that once the VM is created and booted, we can actually ping this VM from the customer site. So ladies and gentlemen, you're going to witness something incredible, very spectacular. As soon as the VM has booted, you can see an ICMP core request and the core reply. That was a bit too fast. So just to illustrate the fact that everything is API driven, we can actually disconnect, disassociate the network from the BGP VPN and at this point, the ping stops working and we can re-associate it and then look at the routes actually present on the IP, IP, and S router. So here you see the route advertised, let's say by OpenStack, by the different components deployed by Neutron to advertise BGP VPN routes. So you see the VM IP advertised to the IP, IP, and S routers by these systems. And we can also look at the troubleshooting interface on the compute nodes for the BGP components running on the compute nodes. And in this interface, we can navigate in the different elements to actually see from where the route was advertised. We can also see the MPLS label that was advertised. So this is the control panel identifier for the route. And the MPLS label advertised is this one. And we can actually look at the MPLS traffic flowing to and from the compute node and actually see that the MPLS traffic is using the label advertised. This is the traffic toward the VM. Of course, we have the same thing for the traffic coming from the VM but using this time the labels advertised by the one. And I think we're done for the demo. So what we wanted to illustrate additionally to the concept behind this service plugin and the use case behind it and how it's actually implemented is how we work with the Neutron community to actually make this possible. And it's interesting to illustrate the fact that it was, well, lots of small details but overall quite easy to actually found the different hooks for modularity, easy to use for the different components but there are actually many of them. And perhaps the slide is not fully exhaustive by the way. But typically we have, we're using the hooks to define extension to the Neutron API, hooks for loading service plugins and loading their drivers. Now the specific OBS Backpack driver we are using the registry callback, the Neutron registry callback to have notifications on creation of ports or networks or routers. For the integration on the compute nodes we are using the L2 extension, L2 agent extension framework that was added in the pasture. We are doing an increasing use of NeutronLib even though the movement from defining things in Neutron to NeutronLib is something in progress we are following it. For the CLI we are again using hooks called entry points and this work would be done in a comparable way for the OpenStack CLI. And we have a game plug-ins for heat, for tempest, for horizon and last but not least we are using different hooks set up by the infra team to allow a project such as ours or every project to define new jobs in the CLI. That is to say, so for some of these hooks or frameworks that we are using we had to work with Neutron developers to bring improvement or fixes. So it really showed that a project like ours has to work with Neutron developers to perhaps add things that were not complete yet or invent new things to facilitate integration like the L2 agent extension. But in the end we found that we had an hospitable enough environment to produce this as a modular project in the Neutron Stadium. And we also were, our life was made much easier thanks to the existence of other Neutron projects to take inspiration from. Now you have heard about the Neutron Stadium and the requirements put on Neutron Stadium projects to match the expectation of the Neutron community. So we want to say that it's indeed a significant effort that is required to match these expectations. So work is required in particular to get everything ready on the CI testing side. For us it had a downside in the last cycle we were able to push less features because of this work on these stadium requirements. But the good side of things obviously is that it pushes, it forces us in the right direction and having in particular better test coverage is something that helps a lot future maintenance and future work. But this work did not happen only in OpenStack in Neutron. It happened also thanks to a collaboration with OPNFV and I will let Tim explain this. Okay, thanks you. So OPNFV is something that we call a midstream integration project which focuses on two things. One is automated install of OpenStack based cloud environments for particular use cases. So there is a notion in OPNFV that is called scenario which essentially is a particular configuration of the stack plus all the needed components for a given use case and it also automatically tests these configurations in a CI framework quite often. Each scenario is run every couple of days. And as you have seen from the sort of the stack configuration for BGPVPN, BGPVPN is actually one of those use cases where you have to integrate a lot of components, some of them being developed within OpenStack, some of them being developed outside OpenStack. So OPNFV is actually the place that gives all the developers working in these different communities on the BGPVPN use case visibility if the overall system works. And if something breaks we usually find out very quickly because we consume changes from all the different places and put them together and see if it still works. And as a byproduct, since we need to do that for our own purpose, we are providing a relatively simple way of actually deploying a system that has all the different components and that is readily configured to actually run the BGPVPN use case. In the SDN VPN project within OPNFV which does this, we are right now focusing on those cases where an SDN controller is used as introduced by Thomas. We are planning to support the reference implementation as well. We have integration with two of the four OPNFV installers, fuel and triple O slash epics. And we have scenarios that are derived from the baseline scenario that OPNFV maintains OpenStack plus ODL taking care of L2 and L3 networking. And we have it in both an HA and a non-HA flavor, meaning in one case it's being deployed on bare metal in a redundant way and in another case it's all on one host in a nested fashion. So this is sort of the brief version of it. We went into a little bit more detail on OPNFV in our companion talk yesterday. So in case you missed that, check out the video from that one. There is more information on what exactly we do in OPNFV there. And I think you have a closing slide, right? Yep. So as a takeaway, you can keep as a key idea that it's one API allowing tenants to control interconnections between their resources in Neutron and their BGP VPNs. The use cases behind this are the typical public cloud operator when it's run by a telco that needs to be interconnected with business customers having MPLS VPNs. The other use case is InterDC, distributed cloud and edge cloud. In these cases, BGP VPNs can be used as a tool to interconnect data centers. And a use case close to this one is the case where you have multiple deployments for NFV where you need to interconnect POPs. This project has multiple drivers for several SDN controllers and a Neutron driver. It has different bindings that you can use to interconnect with it, the CLI, horizon and heat. And we have various evolutions on the radar that we can mention. We plan to complete the EVPN part of the API and bind it to the different drivers for with the work on EVPN is in progress. We have remaining work to do to match, as I said earlier, Neutron stadium requirements in particular on the testing side. We also plan to evolve the APIs for finer grain control of routing, typically static routes playing with BGP preferences and route leaking. We will also consider supporting multiple drivers and backends at the same time to allow migration scenarios. And one thing that we can mention which is a bit orthogonal to this project, which is important for this project, is in a typical scenario, the encapsulation that you will want between a compute node and, for instance, a net router is MPLS over IP, whether MPLS or GERY or MPLS over UDP. And for this to be possible, we depend on having the feature line in OVS for many of the DSDN controller that we are supporting indirectly by this project. So typically, this is something that's needed for the OVS backpipe driver, but also by the Open Daylight and other drivers. So this is something that's been in progress, a work in progress in the past month. Actually, there was a talk by Simon Homan yesterday, which was about the foundation work to make this possible. So we expect this to land soonish and then see the work on MPLS over UDP arrive at some point. Last thing that we can mention is that we have an expectation to see an improved feature parity among drivers. Today not all drivers support all the different types of association, for instance. So this is something that we would like to see improved. And the last thing that I want to highlight is the fact that such a project is, I believe, we believe, a good illustration of the way the work can be efficiently led across OPNN and OpenStack. Here we actually experienced how OPNNV facilitated and triggered the work on components around the solution, typically on installers and testing. And that's it. Do you have questions? Pretty interesting presentation. A couple of questions. What is the OpenStack version you're using for all this testing? In the context of OPNNV or in the context of CI testing in OpenStack? In the context of basically the demo that you showed, what is the version that you used for OpenStack? The demo was made based on our new turn release. And so the CI testing that we are doing is typically based on the master branch on which we are working. But we have releases for Liberty Mitaka and back ports. We had back ports. Less maintained today for Juno and Kilo. And the OPNNV work is currently based on the Mitaka release, I believe? Right now it's based on Mitaka, but in the context of the ongoing, the new release cycle in OpenNV we will be based in Newton. Yeah. Second question I have is regarding the data plane and the communication to the SDN controller. I'm assuming that you are using the specific SDN controller or you are using the OpenDayLight controller to the communication to physical router in terms of the data plane control. What are you using for the testing? You mean in OPNNV when we use it in CI there? Yes. It's OpenFP or this OpenDayLight controller. What are you using for the testing? In the testing that we do in OpenNV we use the ODL and ODL basically is like one big virtual router that spans the whole data center and it presents itself to BGP peers as one BGP speaker for all the compute nodes. That knows the routes of all the compute nodes. Other questions maybe? Okay. So, thank you for listening to us. Thank you. Thank you very much.


Welcome back from the break by the way, welcome Sebastian, but everyone welcome back from from the break if you're only joining us now This is our second block of talks for a success factory You can follow us on YouTube or on Zoom, but then again if you're hearing me, I assume you're in one of those If you have questions, please ask them in the chat or in slack There will be time to to ask them live at the end, but it does help us if we if we already have a list of Questions ready keep in mind that if you do ask a question live You will be in the recording. So just keep that in mind And if you don't want to do it just note it in the text and I will ask it for you our next speakers today are Arvnovae and Sebastian Nagel and I welcome them to to our virtual stage now I've no began developing software professionally in 94 He graduated with a PhD from the University of Neal in 2005 and since then he has worked as a consultant Lead developer a technology sheath an advisor an architect and a coach is also a Haskell enthusiast since 2001 and he joined high OHK in 2021 Sebastian is an Austrian software engineer and functional programming enthusiast He studied CS and graduated from TU Munich with a master's degree in robotics cognition and intelligence Within the robotics industry you got to know and webaskal formal methods domain specific languages and Interpreters after several years creating robot programming languages development platforms and IOT projects at Franca emica Sebastian joins IOHK in 2021 Their talk today is titled Hydra next-generation state channels And it will focus on the research developments and productization of an l2 solution to accommodate the growing numbers of Participants and transactions on cardano by means of isomorphic multi-party state channels between subsets of participants The stage is yours You Thank you for introduction. It's kind of giving away everything Alright, I Think we don't need to do any introductory rounds anymore. So we could probably just start with the presentation Should see my screen hopefully with zoom it works as well And I hope the aspect ratio is fine. We will switch it in a half So you have a higher chance of a good aspect ratio for a second half of it This is working right Good All right. Good. Hello, everybody I'm Sebastian and with me is Arno as we got introduced kindly We are here from input output and we want to talk about Hydra and I will be starting with firstly some kind of a Introduction on blockchain scalability on the on the problem statement in itself I want to give an introduction to the hydro health protocol, which is the name of this layer to scalability protocol we have been working with and Arno will continue but On our road basically and what what she actually covered On implementing this research paper now into the industry. All right so blockchains or many blockchains have to their goal to create a open and Public or sometimes private but open Financial operating system or a store of value or a means to transact the value between individuals all over the place all over the globe without the central actor and In that sense provide an alternative to traditional financial systems The goal in that sense always includes to accommodate the system for millions of users and billions of transactions potentially in In a fashion, which is still globally distributed as I just said and in a primarily decentralized nature, so everyone can be part of it and You could be your own bank or you could be your like your own operator of Lending and and and or decentralized exchanges and transaction in value. So everything is decentralized everyone. Everything should be in power to the individual I hope this Speaks also for some projects, you know, but it certainly speaks for what a project we are in so Kodama is goal to decentralize Finance and make it an open or financial operating system to everybody and Today this this kind of problem or this kind of task is usually approached us is by gaining and Make creating the system in a way that that everybody can Use it without trusting a central actor. If the goal is to actually gain consensus Along this very decentralized and globally distributed nature of a system of network and this is usually done through massive Global replication For example by submitting transactions broadcasting it through this whole network capturing these transactions by some some of the currently active block producers, for example, they would basically Get these transactions create blocks according to some consensus algorithm And and then write that down so the progress can be made on on the whole global network and this goes all goes all around depending on the consensus algorithm in proof of work, it's basically people who would be operating this mining machines and and In proof of stake this would be like stateful operators in other consensus algorithms This is another select group, which is sometimes randomly changing So we have we have a need to actually distribute transaction all over the place but also These transactions should be like replicated massively between the whole network. So it really is Clear that there was no no censorship or anything. This naturally results in Comparably low throughput and high latency It's quite natural because transactions need to be sent through one point maybe across the whole globe Such that I can reach out all network participants and Also the whole the whole means to actually make sure it's secure and not even you don't need to trust anybody on the network To be able to process transactions in that way requires More work to be done and literally in proof of work for example and this results in a limited resources and the low throughput in general And it's not so easy to tackle like this this limitations of scalability because known to this There's this concept of a blockchain tralemma. I see on right hand side that in order to reach scalability You would necessarily need to compromise security of decentralization Why is the traditional financial systems very scalable? For example, like the visa payment system Can process many many transactions per second It's it's only because These transactions are processed in a data center or in a couple of data centers with closed location or basically the It's not so much replicated through like thousands and thousands of operators across the network and You could reach the same thing if a blockchain system by just having a small number of people who operate it so the more the smaller the numbers are on on on a Blockchain project the faster it can go usually it also depends on the consensus mechanism how much communication is necessary between the participants and in how much Overhead we have on the communication because of security so We can get scalability by a compromising decentralization or security, but we wouldn't want to do that and So many many projects of multiple approaches in the ecosystem have been like aiming to solve this Tralemma or to to maybe cut the balance or strike the balance slightly different and We want to talk today a bit about state channels But there's other approaches like sidechains where you would have Additional functionality or a different kind of level decentralization on purpose There are a smaller replicas of the same blockchain, but more attached to the main blockchain and Inheriting security guarantees that way Rollups which work very similarly, but just slightly different where you would try process transaction also in a smaller group of people Sharding as like an idea of partitionizing or Partitioning the workload of the blockchains that's differently Lightning network is maybe a good example as a as a way to actually scale a very slow blockchain For example Bitcoin in this case Which is using lots of energy and lots of hashing power to actually secure the network as rightly adopted It's very secure, but it has quite limited resources and the notion of Payment channels the concept of payment channels as they're used in lightning network Really make the whole system still usable or usable again for a very small transactions So lightning is a good example and it's actually very similar to what we do but let's quickly summarize Why why state channels can work, right? So what is the basic idea? what this is based on and It goes by the principles of not every transaction requires necessarily global consensus so if you want to like settle a Bet with your friends or like pay for the dinner You don't need everybody on on the globe on the other side of the planet agree on that this actually happened right, this is enough if you actually settle it with if the if your business partners and usually you would you would actually Ideally want to use a system which which can actually Work only between you and your business partners By not needing to actually submit that something happened To everybody on the network. We could go faster naturally, right? So as we had before in a more centralized fashion processing transactions We could if you only need to Communicate the transaction between the actual people involved in in in a process in a business process and we could go faster like you can actually not have a low latency and Another premise another idea which could leverage is if everything's fine. So if if everybody agrees on Yeah, okay, that deal happened or that that's kind of That was the game round and that person win win win the pot If everybody agrees then there's the need for like a global Permissionless nature decentralized nature technology to to be the judge That's that's also quite intuitive But still right if somebody is not playing ball, right? If something goes wrong and already we would want to Maybe want to have that global system as a fallback, right? Go going to the next instance if you lose a Court case on the local court you could go to the next instance Court you could go to the national court and so on so and these these basics ideas are used in many of the scalability Projects ideas solution ideas and they're also used in state generals and this is what we want to talk about the state general as a layer 2 on top of a blockchain So Before I explained this quickly, right within this whole setup We at IHK and especially the Hydra team is like aiming to solve the scalability problem in that sense and in general furthering growth and adoption of one of this blockchain project, which is Cardano and Yeah, the the benefits what we're aiming for is naturally faster transactions cheaper transactions And of course some enabling some use cases which wouldn't be possible otherwise and so The research team at IHG has been set out like looking at the previous research previous other solutions out there and Has been like coming up with a protocol. I would like to explain now and we have been implementing that over the last year or so So Hydra head So Hydra in general as a concept but the Hydra head is one specific protocol, which is also called isomorphic multi-party state channels and I would like to explain in the next couple of slides what this means Before we see maybe it working and how we approached it I forgot to Fix the animation here, but anyhow let me start by giving a quick hint for doctorial motivating use case here and What a multi-party state general? Could work like so you see a global ledger level a globe on the left-hand side the general ledger Which represents the blockchain a massively replicated distributed ledger, which you can see like big table who owns what? on the right-hand side, we We have a group of people like four people wanted to be poker and They could play poker on the on the on the base and the world's account ledger right, they could just play their game and decide who won and distribute the wealth as by winning the pot as they Won't You could do it on the layer one on the on the blockchain on the left-hand side, but We would want to do it. Maybe not as slow. For example Bitcoin You would need to like wait 10 to 20 minutes for a block To your transaction be included and it's a very expensive So our goal is to Take this is a bit like broken, but I guess animation makes it clear So this small mini ledger was part of the general ledger before so we were extracting the mini ledger Like a small part of the of the general state Extract it and make it available to be processed off-chain. It's called or in the state channel You would take those the small small notion of who owns what and Want to process this now separately from the general ledger and we can process this now faster and Cheaper faster because we need to communicate only between us for and cheaper because we only need to pay Whatever is to be operated to do that And not pay the whole network to actually acknowledge all our transactions So we could play that the round of poker very interactively and as it's more snappy as on the words ledger and at some point we actually We want to at certain points in time These people agree on okay. Yeah, no Alice won this round No Bob did one the next round and so the game progresses and we have these acknowledged or Agreed states These are is indicated here like some small signatures. I'm not sure if it's clear And we have a common understanding that this is the now new truth And finally we want to be able to Bring it back into the general ledger again, right? So and this this reintegration of the of the of the more smaller ledger state from the stage and back into the global ledger is Is the the end of the life cycle of a stage now basically? I Said payment channels before for example because we could simply do payment transactions between these four people But it could also be any kind of like state evolution, right? So There are Bitcoin is for Transacting and storing value some other blockchains like ethereum is more like for general execution general Smart contract executions or any kind of state modification is what typically sets a state general apart from a payment channel as being more generic and this is now more a More generalized here by having a multi-party not like between two but between multiple parties This is the basically the same kind of sequence but Drawn up on our time axis here So we see the blockchain on the bottom here We lock up funds on the blockchain to bring them make them available to a state general can be done once or multiple times They are processed somehow in the state general in step two and Eventually, I want to bring that back to the blockchain can also be done at the end of a life cycle But also like ideally multiple times reintegrating it and here it becomes quite obvious that this is a layer two in layer two system meaning If whatever happens in the state general should be enforceable should be able to be fall back on the layer one Right this is that three we can fall back on the security of the layer one and the layer one here the blockchain We see a dashed line here make sure that this Change of light green to dark green with the new status is Actually honored to the same kind of rules of what we would expect from the General lecture that is a preservation of value. Nobody got richer. It was just a redistribution of value intuitively Okay, a quick detour on ledger models just to point out one or two things why our work here is a bit different to what you might be hearing from the State channels have been around for a while and there is basically two distinct ledger models Or at least these two major ones One is an account based ledger model where you have Very much test this table we saw before this general ledger being a big table of many entries Each individual or even like systems or contracts would have an arrow on this table Would have a state in in this big global state and transactions attached to it by by processing This state into new states so sigma turns into signal prime And the transaction basically changes this state in one way or the other I can change all the values cannot change only a single one The other model is the UTXO or EUTXO it has been extended here Model in the UTXO model we would have The ledger state is a set of small niche nodes Which contains some kind of value so instead of rows we have like these nodes And transactions do attach on some of these nodes They consume some of these nodes and produce new ones so a transaction needing to be in balance can Spend this value and produce new value or a new distribution of value Maybe addressed to different individuals And these nodes here are As the red ones are spent and the black ones are unspent these are the unspent transaction outputs The actual state of the whole Distributed ledger then is basically comprised by all the unspent transaction outputs Or subsets thereof right so we can see here in the bottom Gray thing that This is the state of the ledger And this is important now if you think about How do we do this layer one to layer two transfer? And how does the station work? In an account-based model we have this global state and if you want to like take part of this global state into one state channel We need to take very special care Each system currently interacting with this global state need to be aware that something is now not available anymore To be like modified it needs to be locked So anything which needs to be put off-chain what as we would call it Needs to have like special preparation beforehand And especially the transaction processing in general of a of an account-based ledger is very sequential So we would need to Be processing Whatever we put off-chain needs also be treated in a very sequential manner like the overall It's it's just natural in an account-based ledger Um In a UTXO based ledger however we our state is just a set of subsets. It's really the like a small collection of dots Intuitively right and we can take these As these are like a sub part of the graph. They are partly independent of they are really independent of the rest And they can be moved Can be locked up But only that part is locked up and this is very Can be done in a very natural way to the underlying ledger model So there is no preparation required and and our UTXOs cannot just be locked up on the layer one In our case, they are then represented just the same on the on the on the layer two So if we if we just use the same identical ledger model on the layer two We gain the same properties of transaction processing of a UTXO based ledger, which is highly concurrent As this some of these outputs if you have a transaction spending one output And we have multiple other transactions to be processed, but they are not touching the same outputs or as Inputs in that sense They are completely independent and can be processed concurrently and and anymore In higher if higher parallelism even And this is interesting because to our knowledge There hasn't been much work before on UTXO or UTXO based state channels And this is what we exactly what we're doing We will hear in a bit from from our know the some kind of specialties still but This this ledger model is really the one of the the unique things Which makes the construction quite a legend in my opinion Now quickly to the life cycle of a hydrohead You can see the it's it's basically the same picture again We see the layer one on the bottom and the layer two on the top Whereas the layer one here has some kind of like initialization stage where we These block serve transactions on the blockchain um Some actors it's three actors would put down transactions to say what they want to get into a Hydrohead into the state channel This is then collected and whatever was actually collected so the All the all the substates of the UTXO ledger state the the the mini ledger would we want to bring into the state channel It's getting collected. It's getting locked up in this collects transaction And at this very moment and from then onwards we have this as an initial state available to us on the layer two That means we can then start spending these things on the layer two These are kind of mirrored over there And we spend these These these outputs or this ledger This value what we put what we brought with us we can spend it on the layer two with Also with the same kind of transactions in our case we can just use the same kind of transaction formats So this is what we would call isomorphic As it's using the same ledger model and it's using the same transaction format an application working on On a hydrohead can just use the same ways of posting transactions to the blockchain It can just do the same in posting transactions to a hydrohead So we it indicates here a bit that we have like many many transactions here We can go quicker As the transaction confirmation time here is a bit disconnected from blocks production on the network. It's really only a transaction gets processed into These intermediary states and we have this u1 here as a first snapshot as you would call it It basically is a snapshot of the new ledger state And it is an enforceable state It's something where all the people are running the state channel the operators I need to agree on and if they agree on Everyone involved knows from that point onwards that whatever was signed off here Will be a thing eventually on the layer one So the transactions are already final when we see the signatures here And you can go on and can do it even maybe in concurrency and can go faster You can maybe do it with some kind of different Uh What's it called parameters? So, uh, well, maybe you need to pay Some fee on the layer one Maybe you don't need to pay a fee for each individual transaction layer two Because you don't need to pay the whole network. You need to pay the The people operating the hydrohead to actually process your transaction Um at any point in time Um each of the operators can close the channel. So it's really long No, you're not taking hostage in in this. So if you're a part of the hydrohead You can decide when it's over or you can decide when you want to stop processing So it's really non-custodial in that sense And we can take in this example for example any of these enforceable states to close off and enforce one particular state on the layer one As this is more like a force closure. It's not really cooperative. It can be done cordially cooperative, but in this Basic scenario Just Alice's closes the head directly with her She thinks you want is the latest state But if there is a later even more recent state where Alice Did lose did lose the last round of poker? I'm not sure, right? So it's an unfavorable state maybe for Alice So bob says none of that. I I did win the poker round the last one. So I have a bit more Money now, right? And this last round of poker is represented by the latest snapshot which can be contested here And so there is no slashing or punishing involved, but rather simple Yeah, we agreed that this was a later state so we can enforce it on the layer one using layer one security mechanisms like smart contracts down here Fan out this basically just redistributing the funds as it was agreed in the layer two in the state journal And this closes off basically the life cycle of a hydra head And this was created by a group of researchers at ihk in 2020 was published and peer reviewed the whole concept What I just showed was a very basic construction. There is some extensions and it's a very nice paper 60 pages deep so might want to check it out might not And we have been setting off and implementing this so this was basically our starting point and Yeah, that's that's where we started to make it a reality a year ago I left this I hand over to you Arnaud And you want to switch maybe screens? Yeah Thank you, Smith. Um So, um We're seeing your second stream, I guess Oh, sorry timer My bad Yeah Um, so yeah, I will I will close this condition by giving you some of the great details about going from a research paper To a usable product or yeah, we are not there yet totally but we are getting closer every day. Um, so the first Yeah, the So here is what's the what what the The architecture of the hydra system looked like from from a high level Um, so once again, you can see here. We have this layer two on the top and the other one So the core of the system we are building is what we call the hibernode. So the hibernode is the um the the process the The server that will host the hydro ahead hydro ahead is the logical concept the thing that That participants work with um, and the hibernode is this is the the the physical or the actual process that will run And that connects to other hibernodes. So there is That's that's where the notion of layer is is also abuse that there is a distinct network Which interconnects the hibernode? um, and um That each hibernode is also connected to the layer one Here, uh, count on the node count node is the the basic component of the current network in order to ensure that um, the The count the hibernode has a direct access to change and this is a very important property of the, um, hydro as the channels The fact that a hibernode A participants in in the hydro ahead Is safe and secure as long as it is online and it can observe and react to events coming from the from the chain um, so in this case Yeah, observing what transactions get posted and posting information um Yeah, and on the right hand side we we we we we try to ally the fact that Now you can have a client application this content position can work and talk to, um, both, uh the the uh the hydro node and the calendar node and We also note that Thanks to the isomorphism property that Sebastian mentioned and the fact that The the connections that goes into the hydro node are exactly the same that goes into the calendar node I mean exactly the same down to the bytes Because the interface the hydro node accepts What is the seabor or serialized connection in the exactly the same format that the calendar node that and That would allow any any any kind of depth which is built for Working with connections on the calendar node to work also with the header node and this is also true for a wallet so if if a wallet wants to Uh do connections with the hydro node then the formats of transactions and the utx o system and Would be different of course the api is different a hybrid node expose a specific api to interact with but The the the data which is transport doesn't need to be reinterpreted in another in another model So, yeah, this is the high level picture To give you I will give you a quick flavor. So this is the the demo moments where Yeah, usually things go right, but luckily this time it will rework So here you can see we we build a small terminal Terminal base user interface to represent what it would look like to interact with With a hydro node from an external client. So here you can see I have split my screen in two in three parts We have three clients This is a version 0.60 of hydro which is which has been cut out just today just a couple hours ago And yeah, we can see that here are the clients here is connected to a bit different hybrid node So you have the clients and each client is connected to each own node And each client is also Identified by a party and an address and we can see that the clients are interconnected to its sphere So he gets some some messages The first stage as As I mentioned was is to to any to head. So if I press in it normally I should see the head is initialized. So This starts the The the hydro has to machine so now every party can commit So I will make sure that the different parties can can commit as At the commits sequence proceed, of course here I'm doing sequentially because I only have two ends and one head, but normally the the various In the if you have more parties, they are distributed then they would just commit In parallel as soon as they observe the chain you can see also some message some messages appearing in the in the in the status line, but Usually they disappear too fast and the last node so would Okay, so now the head is open. This is as shown as the head status. So that's the that's the the second state of the Distinct machine and now you can make transactions. So I can make a transaction with node three I will select this UTXO and I will send it to whatever recipient Is available and I will send not all money, but some amount and you can see here So that's where the transaction is happening on layer two and The UTXOs are are changed as We go so if I try to create a new transaction from the two for example And say sending maybe to this node. I could just say Okay, here it is. I create a new UTXO and Here we go can make more transactions once we're happy with the We we once the the head needs to be closed. This is um a user action a user decides to close the head And there is this is where we enter the contestation period In this our current implementation the contestation the contestation process is fully automatic This is the node that takes care of okay seeing that a closed transaction has been posted on chain and and Proving that. Oh, yeah, this is not the latest snapshot. So I can post a contest connection Obviously this is not happening here because the the timeline Is is way too short and once the contestation period has passed then we can simply fan out the head And this is where we we get the the the UTXOs being distributed on chain For a sake of the demo, this is not working on the on their main net Of course, this is working on the local development nets For for of kala node, but this just is only the same. This is the same kala node that that that that runs Okay, um, I hope you get a Refiety of how the dynamics of it um A little bit more details A few interesting things about the implementation that we we worked on So this is the zoom this zooms in into the the other The same representation that we had before but With with the focus on the central on the structure of the higher node And a couple of interesting things that we we can say about this implementation. So The the central piece of the high node is the what we call the head logic and this The interesting thing about this head logic is it's it's a pure thing. It's a pure function. So you can think in terms of even sourced Even sourcing or a reducer redux react kind of System where you have a pure function that takes some events. Those events can come from the various Connectors or the various systems that we are connected with. So we have the client on the right hand side the client expose For the clients we expose the api cpi is currently exposed as a web socket. So Fully asynchronous duplex api The logic is also connected to the chain. So evens can come from chain like observing connections and from network and network are incoming messages are Our events representing communications from the other high nodes in the network And of course these this The when the logic reacts reacts to events and can produce change its states The state being represented above in the upper part of the system it can change its states and Produce new new effects and these effects we represent interaction that would be sent to other parties So for example, if we follow the the path of a of the start the starting of a node of the head You can see that the hydra clients will in its the We ask for initializing the head This is gets into the event as the head logic the head logic posts the transactions Posts the connections to chain this connection gets submitted to the other node and at some point this connection gets finalized or confirmed from the common network, which is observed by the chain command and chain command Push back an event to the head logic and this changes the state of the head logic to initialize and now the commit can happen and the head logic would send Would send a notification to its clients saying hey The the head has been initialized and here is here is the state of the you are the parties and there is and please Please do your commit and now the same dense goes on for the commit um a few other things to note in in the various in this implementation and what what The main thing the an important an interesting point is this black uh White and black box about the calendar. This is really the exact same code That the color node is using Really the it's a library. So we are using some library So we are using the same ledger rules and this is very important and this is also a pure function by the way So we we put connections. We put a u g xo set We put the transaction and this tells us whether the transaction is valid and what's the outcome What's the new u g xo set and this is very convenient because now we can we can Deliver it the same logic and this is really where the eyes of office and kicks it um, and of course we um the The security of the chain is implemented using the what we call the the plotters scripts. So plotters is the counter no smart contracts language, um, which Is uh as a high schoolish flavor, I would say so it's it's a it's a it's Region in something that looks like high school, but gets compiled to be executed and run on chain Use as a as a lot as a pure lambda calculus function Expression That tells whether or not a transaction Is valid and that's only whether to describe this this has been Developing this blue script because this is an important part of the of the security of the system has been Significantly thought especially as it's a it's a bit of a moving target this is pretty new and and pretty challenging, but This is also very powerful. That's where really That's what provides the core security of for the hydra And we better be right in everything that um So, yeah, just sorry to interrupt just one second. We're we're at time now So if you could wrap up in the next couple of minutes that would be okay So I would just I would just go fast into the the the rest of the slides So you you would get the summary.  This is it's it has a limited set of figures it can allow it allows one people to run hydro nodes and in a there is a fixed set or known set of participants in a closed world way and It's really a building block and the the goal is to use that once we get that version 1.0 out to use that as a building Building block to build more powerful abstractions like for example interconnected heads using some some research that's been implemented That's that's also been been implemented at iog Or or various or the topologies that that could be made that would be possible by This uh, this building block um, I would quickly go so when we we take great care at iog to um to um We we take pride into um implementing things using a more formal approach and uh very structured and formal approach so this is something that we are also implementing for hydro and currently working on a quick check based test Test generation system that would allow us to verify that the properties that are stated in the paper are actually implemented in Reflecting the implementation and we we check that the properties are old for the implementation potentially using some assumptions around the adversarial behavior of the network um If you want to know more there is a website everything happens in open source Of course, uh, there is a website that you can join so you can join the hydro family This is a really good entry point to the ecosystem and what we are doing Everything that most everything that we talked about is is there in a form or another And and yeah, there is a repository, which is public Contributions of course are welcomed in any form including uh, yeah stars feedbacks, whatever um, and I guess That's it So if I don't know if we have time for questions or if you just you uh move on to something else, but it is uh, basically a current state of state of the union for for the hydro Yeah layer two solution for Right fantastic. Thank you for your talk if someone has a really urgent question that they want to ask We can take one Other than that I see that Sebastian is already answering questions in slack So obviously you can always ask your questions in in slack as well and we'll keep the discussion going even after this is over


You know, maybe it's just me, but has anyone else noticed that all of a sudden the mainstream media really love Bernie Sanders now that he doesn't pose a threat to the ruling class? Now that he's no longer running for president, MSNBC can't get enough of him. They love him. He's great for ratings, so let's bring him on every single week. I mean, compare this to their treatment of him during the primaries, and you'd think he was the worst person in America, perhaps worse than Donald Trump. And now all of a sudden, he's great, because he doesn't pose a threat to the status quo anymore. The threat has been neutralized, and it's so frustrating, and I want you to take note of this and remember this because it shows you how the media tries to manufacture consent, and they try to push certain candidates and get a particular outcome. This isn't objective, non-biased coverage. They had an agenda. They just didn't admit it. But you know, I don't want a hard boy on that angle. I want to talk about Bernie Sanders because he had an interview in MSNBC and he really is incredibly useful in attacking Donald Trump because it's not the same tired talking points that we see from the Democratic Party establishment. I mean, sure, Bernie Sanders is known to repeat himself, but he has a way of criticizing Donald Trump where I think it's going to land. And Joe Biden is doing well against Donald Trump, not because I think he's running a good campaign, contrary to what most people believe. I don't think Joe Biden is running a particularly good campaign, but this is an anti-Trump election clearly, which is why Joe Biden is doing really well. People are turned off by Donald Trump. Now I will say that, you know, I had to take a little bit of a break from Bernie Sanders.  It felt like he was giving up. And that took a long time for me to get over and I'm starting to get away from those feelings. They're starting to dissipate. And now I'm just feeling like there's this hole inside of me. And whenever I see Bernie talk, I imagine what could have been like it wouldn't have been a utopia if he was elected, but the situation in this country would have been just completely different. And again, I know this sounds like, you know, I'm crying over spilled milk, but just like listen to Bernie Sanders responding to a simple thing that he was asked about Donald Trump dodging this debate and look at how charismatic he is at making fun of Donald Trump. Senator, we've a lot we want to cover, but we've got to get to that breaking news. Your reaction to President Trump now refusing to participate in a virtual debate saying it's a waste of his time. But Stephanie, that was 12 seconds ago, right? You may have changed his mind by then. I mean, I am I empathize with Biden. You don't know what Trump is going to do. He lies all of the time. He changes his mind all of the time. He's going to sit down and negotiate a stimulus bill. He's not going to negotiate. He'll be in the debate. He won't be in the debate. But the truth is, this is somebody who has COVID-19. We have no idea what's going on in the White House, how he is feeling. They lie about that as well. If I were in Biden's position and I think the election commission is right, I don't know that I would want to be in the room with him. So I think a virtual debate is appropriate. Trump did not do well in the last debate. So, you know, he may not want to debate again. Who knows? That was fantastic. Trump will change his mind, most likely. So, you know, when I learned that Trump decided to not go to the next debate because it's virtual, part of that is me thinking that he doesn't want to do any more damage because that first debate was such a train wreck. I mean, a Boston Herald poll put Joe Biden in 21 points over Trump nationally. I mean, you don't want to repeat that. So if you realize that you're turning off voters by speaking, you don't attend that debate.  But either way, like the way that Bernie Sanders responded to that. Well, I mean, that was 12 seconds ago. Don't worry, he'll change his mind. It's just it's personable. Like that's what the average American thinks. And that's not to say that Joe Biden hasn't had his moments because at that first debate when he clowned on Donald Trump for wanting to inject bleach, I thought that that landed. That was great. But Bernie Sanders just has a way of speaking to people that is so genuine and authentic. And I think it lands and he really is able to build this case against Donald Trump that is common sense. Like I was talking about in a different segment how, you know, Mike Pence, the way that he spoke at that vice presidential debate, like the way that he said things, he made it seem as if, you know, the conservative position is inherently the best position. And if you don't agree with the conservative position, then you better defend yourself and explain why you don't agree with the conservative position. And even though Bernie Sanders is imperfect here, he makes it seem as if, you know, what he supports is common sense. And whoever doesn't support it needs to explain themselves. Now, he doesn't always do this. But I mean, just look at what he said about health care. He's not even running for president. But here he is explaining how Trump's COVID-19 diagnosis and the subsequent treatment that he received at Walter Reed Medical Center demonstrates why we need Medicare for all. The president's message to the American people earlier this week is, don't let COVID dominate your life. The president also received top medical treatment at a 100 percent government funded facility. That same care would cost the average American anywhere between $60 and $100,000. What do you have to say to that? Well, what I have to say about that, I don't begrudge the president of the United States getting the health care that he needs when he is seriously ill. But I do very much resent the fact that we are the only major country on earth not to guarantee health care to all people as a human right. All right. The kind of care that Trump got is good. That is the kind of care that every American should get.   But I think, Stephanie, this whole COVID-19 crisis above and beyond Trump's illness tells us how dysfunctional the current system is. Millions and millions of people have lost their health care because they have lost their job. And what I think the American people understand is that health care is a human right, not a job, benefit, not a privilege. All of us, rich, poor, old, young, are entitled to health care, whether we're working or whether we are not. And the momentum for Medicare for all single payer system is growing stronger every single day. We should not be paying twice as much per capita as our neighbors in. Are uninsured or underinsured and we pay by far the highest prices in the world for prescription drugs. The American people know that. Now, that to me was brilliant. Now, I think about at that first presidential debate, which was a clusterfuck. But when, you know, Donald Trump said, you support socialized medicine, your party does Joe Biden. Joe Biden ran away from that and he wouldn't even, you know, explicitly endorse the public option, which he supposedly supports. And I think, you know, what would Bernie Sanders have done? Bernie Sanders would have been a lot more successful in that situation because Bernie Sanders would not have run away from Medicare for all. In fact, he would have gotten Donald Trump to explain why he doesn't support Medicare for all. Like you always want to make sure that you're not playing offense. You want to make your opponent play defense. And when it comes to something like Medicare for all, that's overwhelmingly popular, where a plurality of Republicans support that policy.  You've already lost. It doesn't matter how popular the position that you're taking is. So like I think about the differences and Bernie Sanders would have not only been able to defeat Donald Trump thoroughly, but he would have been able to effectively build a large consensus around his agenda because he makes it seem as if these things are just common sense.  Let's shift gears to the latest on coronavirus relief stimulus. The president has closed the door on a large comprehensive stimulus package, but he did ask Congress to pass a standalone airline relief bill. Speaker Pelosi seems open to that. While the 50,000 jobs in the airline industry are hugely important, what do you think about the fact that we could see a separate carve out for the airline industry that has huge lobbying efforts, huge influence in Washington and nothing for mom and pops shops that are closing every single day? We've lost over a hundred thousand small businesses already. It's unbelievable.  And we all focus on that. But your point is well taken in my state of Vermont and all over this country, small businesses have shut and many of them are not going to reopen. Again, millions of people have lost their jobs in the wealthiest country on earth. You got folks today who have lost their health care. They are worried about being evicted. They are worried about putting food on the table for their kids. So I, you know, the truth is that the House of Representatives, I think, four months ago now did the right thing. They passed a comprehensive bill, including protecting workers in the airline industry, which we have got to do. But we have to protect small businesses. We have to protect those workers who have lost their jobs. By extending that six hundred dollar a week supplement to unemployment that was previously the case. This matters because Bernie Sanders is always able to tap in to what the average American is thinking. He's not out of touch. Now, I will give Joe Biden and Kamala Harris credit because they have a lot more populist rhetoric that they use than Hillary Clinton did in 2016. So I think they're running a better campaign than Hillary Clinton. But nobody has perfected the art of populism and speaking to the specific needs of Americans, average Americans, working class Americans, Americans who own small businesses than Bernie Sanders. He's just it's an art to him. And he's just so much more effective at promoting a working class agenda than Joe Biden and Kamala Harris. Now, the point of bringing this up is not to say, man, think of how amazing it would have been. Because, of course, I think about that all the time. Imagine what could have been if Bernie was the nominee. He would have certainly won. And if he was president, we get accomplished so much. But the point of this is Bernie Sanders is no longer going to be president. But I want to make this video because Bernie Sanders isn't going to be the last progressive to ever run. And if you ever want to win, copy Bernie Sanders, copy the rhetoric that he uses, speak to specific policies that Bernie Sanders advocates for. I mean, going back to the vice presidential debate, there's no reason for Kamala Harris to get defensive when Mike Pence says you support the Green New Deal. There's no reason for her to get defensive when Mike Pence says you support a ban on fracking. They don't support a ban on fracking. But if people think that you support a ban on fracking, that helps you. I mean, there's a reason why Donald Trump's attack that, you know, Biden is far left and being controlled by the far left hasn't worked. It's because the quote unquote far left has very, very popular ideas. So if that were Bernie or Nina Turner at that debate against Mike Pence, what would they have done? Well, I can only imagine that they wouldn't have run away from a ban on fracking. But let's say, you know, hypothetically, they took Biden's approach where he doesn't support an outright ban on fracking, but he claims he's not going to issue as many permits to frackers. Will you explain? Listen, fracking in and of itself is not something that I'm going to ban, but I'm going to reduce the number of fracking. And I would like to ideally gradually phase it out because this is contributing to climate change. And if we want a future, we have to stop polluting the planet for personal gain and profit. We have to stop. Why aren't you advocating for phasing out fracking? Do you want us to frack in your backyard? Would you drink the water in a fracked neighborhood where it's poisoned? Do you understand that fracking causes earthquakes? Never be afraid to take the time to explain yourself. You know, single payer Medicare for all has always been something that Democrats have supported. But the reason why we're talking about it so much now is because Bernie Sanders popularized it and he popularized it by explaining what this means for people in a real concrete way. It means that you're going to be able to go to any doctor you want to. And that care is going to be free at the point of service. You'll get the same quality care that members of Congress get that rich people get because he explained that so well. Now the American people, they support Medicare for all. So Democrats have got to acknowledge that it's not bad to explain yourself. Copy what Bernie Sanders is doing, learn from him, even though he lost and he's not the Democratic Party's nominee. People agree with him. Exit polls during the Democratic Party primary show that people want Medicare for all. So the way that he has sold us on these policies is what Democrats have to do if they ever want to win elections. But I don't just want them to copy the rhetoric because Joe Biden has copied some of the rhetoric, at least when it comes to health care. He says that health care is a right when that's not true because you don't support Medicare for all.  So, you know, if Bernie Sanders isn't going to be the leader of the Democratic Party, then I think that they can learn from him. Use the influence that he has to grow so the party can defeat Republicans.


The future airborne capability environment or phase consortium started over a decade ago. The goals of the consortium are to collaborate to innovate business processes and develop open software standards. Primarily we started as an aviation software, but you can find components of the software standard in ground vehicles, commercial aircraft, weapons systems, simulation. Good software principles are just that and can be applied across many different areas. The MOSA Tri-Services memo named, I believe, four standards. The phase technical standard was one of those four that was named. So it is endorsed by all services of the U.S. Department of Defense, which is huge. When you look at the five principles of MOSA, we're actually one of very few, if not the only standard that addresses all five of them. The phase consortium has a comprehensive conformance program, which very few other standards have. The phase technical standard was developed using over 60 national and international recognized standards. We took all those standards, brought it together in a structured way to form the phase technical standard. Last year the phase consortium opened membership to organizations from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Any time you bring new people, new ideas together, you create new synergies. And I think it's an opportunity to create a new energy within the phase consortium. The world is a very small place. You're seeing allies work together in new ways and ways we never have before. And if we're going to do that, we have to learn how to develop products that can be quickly and easily integrated and quickly and easily improved. We know that the phase consortium benefits not just the government but industry as well. Otherwise we would not have over 90 member organizations. But some of those benefits are expert answers to difficult questions, but also just the opportunity to work together to look at innovations and how we can move our industry forward, particularly in software development.


What's up everybody? Jason here for jazbyzcasebreak.com. We are doing 2020 black football four box break. Pick a team number one So again all-card chip remember black football is loaded with new and improved content more rookies and more inserts than ever before Find one rookie patch autograph one additional autograph one memorabilia card and one base and one parallel per box So there you go guys boom boom Paul There you go Jack Good luck last one mode of chargers, and I think you also got the Steelers, right? I think those are your last two To sell it out Steelers chargers boom boom chase Claypole. Unfortunately, all you know Steelers are out of it But I want to say he scored like two or three touchdowns today. It's wild that Big Ben Rothesburg actually threw four touchdowns, but he threw four interceptions so Here we go guys We have one out of ten the Andre Hopkins Harden was going to Jared. What am I watching mommy? I'm not really watching it, but I've got Joshua Kelly and Kishan Vaughn relic We got Darrington Evans little RPA three-color patch 76 out of 199 for the Tennessee time to win a Dan Damian Arnett 2199 all right Radis that is Edward Excellent That just depends cam They're all priced differently depending on what hits you could potentially get in the checklist But you want to go to jasky's case breaks calm you can check and see what there is available But we could potentially break still tonight Joe said the girl to be honest. I have no idea man. I Don't remember But here's the website man. You take a look Some teams where you can buy your own team. It's a pick your team PYT in the title and Obviously random team would be you get a random team, but you want to look for pick your teams You're looking for Patriots if they are available because we do actually have some Patriot fans That shop with us though. They might be taken early Let your cocks You got a Brandon. I brandon Ayuk Out of 75 and have a little tea Higgins Patch autograph three color pads 37 out of 199 to tea Higgins night guys Like we've been pulling a lot of tea Higgins Bangles going to Blake and Antonio Gibson for the Washington football team Ryan Harold Washington football team with an auto Good running back as well. All right two more guys I Know now where's the chase got to chase him down, right? Just like he does all the NFL quarterbacks We got Devante Adams jet black out of 50 Well the flaws collegiate probably will Jeremy I mean, I'm probably not tonight because we're still a little ways to go, but definitely will tomorrow Wow, look at that. I like this One two three four color patch and autograph 44 to 99 Jalen Hertz How about that Dayton with the Eagles? very very nice and Michael Gallup on card for the Cowboys course when you have an eagle you have that cowboy, right? 47 out of 50 Dane with the Cowboys man back to back hits brother. There you go, man. All right last one Oh It's Justin Herbert rookie right there. Not bad Jerry Judy numbered the 75 Denver Broncos That Arnold with that one. Not bad for a little base Justin Herbert Paul there you go, man. Hopefully more man You have a little three color patch 35 out of 50 Very nice looks like there's a little Really really tiny chipping. I mean it's kind of hard to even see it on this camera, but it's a little chippy right there Some of these black cars. I was always the problem is that Always come a little dinged and then with the black border black card is kind of hard to hide it All right, so Denver Broncos man on right there Jacob Eason 13 out of 99 little RPA for the Colt and Nick with that one. Wow. Are you telling me that in this break alone? We got two Jalen Hertz autographs 14 out of 15 for the Eagles You get a patch auto and you get a regular autograph. How about that? Very nice That's pretty amazing All right, well there you go guys Four box break in the books. There you go Jalen Hertz Got Antonio Gibson T. Higgins good rookies in this one guys Good good rookies Darenson Evans. He's actually back in healthy, but they lost today So there you go guys appreciated. This was black football four box break number one Jaspies case breaks.com


Our second inductee is Alicia Bernard. Alicia played four seasons of softball and basketball from 2002 to 2006. In softball she ranks fifth in career batting average while on the hardwood Bernard scored nearly 800 career points and made 134 career three-pointers. She was a star. She played four years for me and her sophomore year I was able to recruit a couple freshmen that came in to help her and I told her you can go down to 15 shots because we had Cara Hill and I said you two can split the shooting you know and that way will help us. And they needed a type of player like that to grow the program. I remember visiting my senior year of high school and I remember seeing her and Cara Hill specifically both you know cornerstones of the team and thankful that they could build a program off of those two players and then it attracted more players and made us excited for the future because they were the foundation. If they didn't have those two players I don't know where the team would have built or grown from. It would have been very challenging for my freshman year and the team that came in at the time to be where we were by the time my senior year. So I'm very appreciative of having Alicia and Cara on the team to kind of set the pace for us and really grow from their time. She led us in steals she led us in assists she led us in three-point shooting she was like second or third in rebounding at five four she was your hustler she was your true dedicated athlete. She was the type of player that you want on your team her work ethic alone I mean it's unmatched I just don't like even at your best sometimes it's just not even as good enough as what she was giving she just had a sixth gear like you know she's diving all over the floor she's doing whatever it takes. She was so motivated to work hard and everything the other girls saw that and she took it with them and helped them worked with them they would stay after in practice became a great bond a great bond they saw that work ethic so they got into it and that helps you need someone to demonstrate and do it and then I'll follow. Just for the pure fact of her work ethic and the ability to rise above overcome adversity through some tough seasons and stick with it because she was a good basketball player and she could have went elsewhere but she stayed and she believed in the system and she's the epitome of exactly what a somewhat Hall of Fame member especially of a school like Bill or Julie growing into Stevenson like she's what kind of set the stage for everybody else and so we we wouldn't be where we are today without athletes like herself. From the class of 2006 it is my honor to welcome Alicia Bernard into the Dick Watts Athletics Hall of Fame. Wow that was awesome. I'd like to say what an honor and a privilege it is to be standing here this evening among the other inductees other athletes coaches friends and families I would also like to thank those who nominated me and all who voted for me to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. I am still in awe as this is a huge once-in-a-lifetime honor. Just a little background I started playing softball in the third grade and my basketball career started a little later in seventh grade. Athletics quickly became a part of who I was and I yearned for that feeling of camaraderie I would get when I'm playing and being a part of a team. Being an athlete helped me mold into the woman I am today. I learned hard work, dedication, commitment, acceptance, and accountability. Over the years I never dreamed that one day I'd be standing here at my alma mater accepting such a prestigious award. I must give a huge thank you to coach Chris Raymer as he was the reason I landed at Villa Julie. As a high school senior coach was in the stands at one of my basketball games I remember after the game he introduced himself I'm Chris Raymer women's basketball coach at Villa Julie and we'd love to have you play for us. I remember thinking awesome Villa Julie where is that? Spoke of the team he told me how there were girls that had never played basketball before college and how they were trying to build the program. I respected his honesty and I could speak for hours on the type of person coach Raymer is I promise not to. Coach is a one-of-a-kind man he had a way of making you feel lazy. 8 a.m. I'd show up to college for class he probably already put in a full game of racquetball went for a run. He was a very energetic man and he had a saying for almost any situation.  I come from a small town in western Maryland and I think he comes from about the same area it earned me the nicknames hillbilly handcock. He'd call me pretty much something every practice every game I'm not real sure he knows my actual name. If I can say one thing about coach Raymer he really cared about his girls he cared about the success whether it was in basketball academics or in life. He was like a dad away from home he really made the team feel like an extended family. The gym was one place I could go and not feel homesick those first few months at Villa Julie. Coach Raymer you had more heart more soul and more love for the game of basketball than anyone I know and I want you to know that I continue to admire you today so thank you. My first year as a Mustang I saw first hand what coach meant in terms of team building we went 0 and 25 that year. I hate to lose talk about a humbling experience my soft point small sophomore year I will never forget that first win over Wilson College it was an away game and you would have thought we won the NCAA championship it was a big deal for the Lady Mustangs. The next few years looked up more players came in Cara Hill Tonya Cristino just to name a few and we became a competitive team. My senior year we had a winning record and we were even eligible for a spot in the NCAA tournament. Unfortunately we did not make it but when I was playing my last few games at Villa the future of women's basketball was very bright and they would continue to be competitive. I am proud to say that I was a member of the Villa Julie basketball team under coach Chris Raymer. Villa Julie College has come a very long way from the days I was here I've been back to campus probably a handful of times and I walk around I see the new fields the gorgeous locker rooms the new facilities I'm so jealous I was a I was a two sport athlete luckily as a basketball player we had a gym we had a place to play our games but with softball I saw firsthand the lack of facilities we had to be creative we didn't have a field to practice on we didn't have a field for player home games on. I remember practicing on the grass in the front of the college and having coach Ken and coach Stephanie hit ground balls on the tennis courts. Even for our home games we had to drive clear to Severna Park. Coach Ken would be in all of the softball field today I mean there's dugouts and stadium seating it's pretty impressive. I didn't plan on playing college and so I didn't plan on playing softball in college but as a freshman I was finishing up basketball and I'd never not played softball so I figured I'll try out my best memory of softball my first game at galley dot university first batter up first pitch and I had never been considered a power hitter I was known for my bunting in high school boom home run over the fence and it never happened again. I'd uh I'd like to acknowledge my coaches Kenny balance may he rest in peace and coach Stephanie Myerson um for allowing me to reach my potential as a college softball player and for believing in my abilities as an outfielder. I also need to thank Tonya Cristina for her presence and friendship during my time at villa. We still talk about how we first met sitting in coach trainer's office watching a basketball skills video little did I know the impact she would have on my time at villa. Tonya quickly became one of my best friends on and off the court. I loved playing alongside her she was the type of person that made everyone better she always pushed to get me to play one-on-one or hit the weight room for more workouts. Tonya made me a better basketball player and I truly feel she's one of the reasons I'm being inducted today. Most importantly I would like to thank my parents without them I wouldn't be the woman I am today they taught me hard work dedication respect humility and integrity they pushed me to excel in athletics and academics and in life they encouraged me to try new things and never let me quit even if I didn't like something. Each game I played here Homer away I knew when I looked into the stands my parents would be there my parents have always set that tone in life they were always and always will be there my parents are my biggest fans we're then and still are now and I can't thank them enough lastly I want to say to my daughter Tristan here you all here I hope one day you'll be a part of a college that makes you feel like family just as I did during my time here at VJC thank you


The community of Saasibow joins together at Nimitz Park for National Night Out to support emergency services on and off base. National Night Out presents emergency scenarios to participants of all ages. Here where I founded that they had never done anything like that, I decided, hey, we need something like that out here. This is something that we should be doing with our community. The best part about the event to me was just the interaction with everyone. Everyone that came up to the ambulance was so eager and they had a great time getting to pretend like they were driving and they were going to those 911 calls this morning. Thanks to Eichmann and everyone who participated, this event raised awareness and built a stronger relationship with our local community. Petty Officer Christina Coffey, Fleet Activities, Saasibow, Japan.


Hello, everybody. Some exciting news. So this is new. So this is brand new. I have now added study guides to the website. So this is specifically for if you're taking the board exam next week. In a couple days, basically if you're taking the board exam very soon, you don't have time to sign up for a full prep course you just don't have enough time to study too much. But as you're going through your studying and taking the board exam soon, there are certain topics that you feel you just don't understand and you need more help with. This is where you want to purchase a study guide or more than one depending on the topics you're having a hard time with. So these are meant for if you have three weeks or less to study for the board exam if you have more than there are other options to for you. But these are for they include typically a lecture and mock exam so sometimes there's more than one so if you click let's click on anatomy here. I'll show you exactly what's inside. So there's no surprises there is a mock exam there is a lecture, and there's other lectures as well so if you're clicking and saying anatomy well what type of anatomy is Andrea going to teach me. I teach you in a video format so I explain it all right here where it is all on a video format because that is what students seem to like the most. You don't want to read more PowerPoints more lectures you don't want to read anymore right so I actually teach you in a recorded video so then let's look at another one here. Let's say you are struggling with pharmacology who isn't click on that and then you will see exactly what is included. There is many different videos with this one, plus case studies plus extra mock exam so you get all of this. It is for a great price so depending on how much content is included. This one happens to be $20 and you get a full three weeks access to this. So again, these are meant for if you're taking the board exam soon. So if you're taking the board exam tomorrow, you're not going to need six months access to this. It's for a limited time so that way I can make it at a very low price for everybody. So it is very affordable because you might not be able to afford a full course, or you just might not have time so have a look you guys. And whichever ones you would like, they're all very affordable and you learn a lot so you can feel confident in taking the board exam and passing the board exam. Okay you guys, let me know if any questions I will leave the link for you guys down below, and I will talk to everybody very very soon.