All right, hello, everybody. My name is Ginger Keuns. I'm one of the editors of LibraGraphics Magazine. My two long-suffering colleagues behind me are Anna Carvalho and Ricardo La Fuente. And I say long-suffering because about an hour ago I accidentally broke our website. So bear with us. Oh, it's fixed. Awesome. Thank you, Anna. So first of all, I know we're probably all too cool for this, but since it's the end of a very long session, if you feel like it, take a second and stand up, shake a little bit, because I'd actually like you all to be awake for my talk. It would be nice. So if you feel like it, thank you, John. Yes. Thank you. Thank you. Good. All right, perfect. So the talk today, and we actually have another one later in the week, which will be led by Anna and Ricardo, so that I'm not the only one yacking up here. But today we're talking about beating the drums, why we made gender an issue. So Anna, this is the latest issue of Libra Graphics Magazine, which, for the uninformed, is a print publication devoted to showcasing and promoting good work done in artistic and design areas using Floss. So Floss software, Floss standards, Floss methods. And we do it entirely with Floss. We license it under a CC by SA license. We do a variety of things. That are Flossy. Let's put it that way. So this is issue 2.2, which came out in January and is our sixth issue in four years for a quarterly magazine. So apologies now to our long-suffering subscribers. But this issue was about gender. It's called gender and Floss. So first of all, the title of this talk is a little bit of a misnomer, because I say why we made gender an issue. Obviously, we did not need to make it an issue. It is an issue that is already present in our community, but I can't resist a pun. So this is it for those who didn't see it when Ricardo held it up. So we've got some good news this year. The good news is that in the 2013 Floss survey that was conducted last year, and the results of which had started to trickle out in the last month of 2067 respondents, 226 of them were female. So that is 11% of people who filled out this survey are women identified as women. 33% marked other, which is really impressive actually. Very few people are keen to tick the other box in our communities. 32% chose not to respond, which I think is also positive. This is up from 1.5% of Floss contributors in 2006 who filled out the Floss polls survey who identified as women. So we are up to, yes, thank you. Yes, that's huge growth. We're up to 11% from 1.5%. So we could say to ourselves, congratulations, let's have a round of applause, which we just did, but gender is still clearly an issue. This is not a fair complete. So it's a good thing, but gender inclusion and diversity aren't just about the fact that now we have 11% of Floss contributors in theory if we can actually extrapolate on the survey who are women. There are other problems. There are problems with, oh, let's see, representation. How do we talk about women in our communities? How do we view them? Do we think there's a woman, let's get her to do the graphics? I say as someone with a background in design, but do we do that? Do we say there's a woman? Maybe she's a lawyer. Maybe she can work on our licensing stuff. This is an experience that we often see, women pushed into marginalized roles. Now, other problems, inclusion, how do we treat the people who are women or who don't identify as a binary gender? Do we include them properly? Do we have daycare available since, frankly, most of the time, women are caregivers and families for a woman to come out to a conference. Are we making it possible for her? Or are we giving her another cost? Things like objectification. So I love you all. You are all wonderful, delightful people. But in many projects, when we start showing off demos of things, what do we put up as a picture? Sorry? Did someone? Lana, ponies. Ponies, yeah. Say it again? Lana. Does anyone know? Can I explain? Please, yeah. I mean, it's an image of an issue that was in the 1970s. That was handled by an engineer and that has become a viral image used as a reference for any of the images around. So it means that a gay girl is the reference, which is a bit of a problem. Absolutely. So I'm going, trust me, I'm there already. So Lana, as Femke just said, is an image from a 1970s Playboy magazine that was scanned in and is now used pretty universally as a reference image everywhere, right? And all the time, we use pictures of attractive women, giant-eyed anime women, whatever, right? Without thinking, gosh, will this damage our female developers and our female users? Will this bother someone? Will this stop someone from joining the community? Will a woman look at a scantily clad anime girl and say, maybe that's not a community I want to belong to? Power. Who's the maintainer, right? Who runs the software? Oh, sorry, who runs the project? Who runs the organization? There are huge power differentials. And as I alluded to previously, binaries, this idea that we're trying to include women now, right? And that's fine, as long as we recognize that it's not just women, right? It could be people who don't identify as either a man or a woman, people who find themselves somewhere else on the spectrum of gender, people who feel marginalized by assumptions about what a woman should be, which ties in, of course, two stereotypes. So I think for a moment of the infamous 2011 Grace Hopper Summit incident, where, so actually the Grace Hopper Summit is a gathering of women computer scientists, and the infamous incident from that year was nail polish in the loot bags, right? Because what do women developers want? They want nail polish. There's nothing wrong with painting your nails if you so desire, but to assume that female developers automatically want nail polish, that's a bit of a stereotyping problem. So we still have lots of these issues among many, many, many, many, many others with the way we look at gender, right? I often think that throwing a little bit of a gender studies 101 course for people in floss would be pretty beneficial, but you know, I won't because I don't want to bore you. Anyway, so what we wanted to do with this issue and which I think we did very nicely, considering how long it took us to do it, was to document the efforts being made to expand the boundaries of our community. That's to women, that's to other marginalized groups, that's to people who are genderqueer or trans or whatever. And so we included things from groups like hacker moms, which is a group in Los Angeles that is a hacker space for mothers because they felt marginalized as soon as they had children because suddenly extracurricular activities were not a thing for them, right? They lost their lives to parenthood. So groups like hacker moms have the goal of giving back the ability to hack. We included an interview with Kira, who is the founder of the Empowermentories Collective, which if you'll pardon my lapse into academic feminism talk for a second, it's a group for intersectionally marginalized people of color. So what that means is people who are people of color but are also women or transgendered or disabled or a variety of other things, thank you. So we ran an interview with Kira, which I think was pretty awesome and I don't say that just because I did that. And we ran some nice features on gendered craft. So in short, what I'm trying to say is that the goal of this issue, and we've had a lot of feedback saying that we actually met that goal, was to talk about where we are, where we're going and how we can become more inclusive and crucially more empowering because it's not just about trying to fit women and other marginalized groups into our existing structure. We may kind of need to change a little bit, which I know is kind of scary, right? To think, oh no, we can't always be what we want to be. But that is one of the things that happens when we become more diverse than we've historically been. So it's something to think on. We might even actually call the goal of this issue, beating the drums. And to explain my idiom for a moment, the Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms, which I'm very pleased to be able to cite here because I like a good idiom, is so if we say to beat or bang the drum for or of something, that is to be ostentatiously in support of it. Which in this case, we are ostentatiously in support of diversifying flaws communities, of actually getting people talking about issues that may be sort of bubbling under the surface and being worrying, and to actually get people believing that they can belong in flaws communities, and specifically in our case, in the Libra Graphics community, because that's what we're into. So there are lots and lots and lots of people out there who think that for whatever reason, because they're a woman, because they don't have time, because they've heard that flaws communities are hostile, we're interested in showing them that people like them are there, and that it's actually possible to do wonderful things here, because we all know that, but not everyone else on the outside knows that to put it in those terms. So in short, the purpose of this issue and the purpose of this talk is to say that we need to be beating more drums. We need to be more ostentatiously in support of things that matter, like inclusion, because at the moment, many of us are apathetic. Many of us say, yeah, it would be nice if there were more women, but we don't say what can I do to get women involved? What can I do to get whoever involved, right? It's not just women. We need to be ostentatiously in support of becoming a more inclusive community, and I will leave you there. And now we have lots of time for questions. Want questions? Oh, yes. Yes, I do. Oh, one thing. Microphone? Okay, so we'll be around with quite a few of these, actually 30. So be sure to come to us and get your copy. I'd call that only 30. I would call that only 30. Anyway, questions. Come on. Who wants to bang the drum first? I don't have a drumstick, but... Okay, that person. Yeah, I just had a question because, you know, you said we need to get more women involved and I think many of us would agree with that. And I've worked with women developers on projects where I work and it's been very good, very good partnerships. But how do you get more women involved? I mean, how do you make women more interested or, you know, the community could be very open and to having people come in, but how do you get them? Where do you find them? Right, so I mean, this is a question, I think actually the first question, conveniently, that everyone asks when you start talking about the issue of including more women, the problem of, so how do we get them then? If we're interested in having them, what do we do? Where do they hang out? Who are these mythical creatures? There are several things. I mean, I don't have the definitive answer, obviously, because every human is different and not just by being a woman, do I suddenly have knowledge of what every other woman wants? That would be crazy. But there are lots of things we can look out for. So one thing that you may or may not be aware of, there's this sort of phenomenon in social justice communities on the internet around making what are called privileged checklists. And so a really crucial thing, actually, is to read up on areas where other groups are marginalized that you may not recognize, right? So I mean, it may be that some women don't actually feel that their voices are recognized, right? This may be an area that we see on a privileged checklist. Your privilege may be that you believe that when you talk, people will accord you the courtesy of listening to you. So first, read up on your privileged checklists. They're very handy, right? What are your privileges as a male contributor to software? Second of all, there are loads of little things we can do to be more inclusive, right? We can look at things like, are there small contributions people can make if they don't have a lot of time? Because time is always one of the problems. And then a great one, and this I am cribbing from a woman named Marina, whose last name starts with a Zed and I can't pronounce it because it's all consonants. But she's at Red Hat and she is one of the founders of the FOSS OPW program, which is the FOSS Outreach Program for Women, which is like Google Summer of Code for Women. And the brilliant thing Marina said two weeks ago is a great way to include women is to not walk up to them at conferences when you see them and say, oh gosh, you're a woman. She knows that, right? And she knows that she's one of the few women in the room and it's not very helpful to treat her like she's a unicorn. So that would be my initial feedback, but there's so much more. Do we have questions? Comments? Yes? I saw Susan first. I just wanted to make a comment that one of the easiest things that can be done to encourage women to join the community, any community is if, and I know this is asking for a little more of your time in paying attention to who is posting to your forums or your user groups. But if you do get some sort of kind of exploratory question from a woman that's new to your group and they ask a little question, quite frequently these email, these forum posts don't get answered and that's just normal. But if we could be just a little more conscientious about answering posts from women, it helps them feel like, well, okay, I'm not out of my league here, all right? I could be welcomed here. Or my question was relevant. I mean, there's so much validity and just getting a hey, I have no idea what you asked this confusing question or I don't know, but I know someone who can answer that. Or you could look at this piece of documentation and find out the answer for yourself. Just little, just some tiny response, I think could really boost the numbers of women and other non, I guess, non-typical programmers into the community, just that one small thing. That is an excellent point and actually I would also bring up that, so that's a great strategy for encouraging all contributors to join anyone who's newer tentative. And there's a wonderful group called Open Hatch that has done a lot of work on encouraging new contributors and making them feel welcome. What do you think about women-centered sub-communities? Like there's a Ruby Rails community and there's Rails Girls, which is specific for teaching, maybe not only about most women Rails, what do you think about sub-communities like that? They have a valuable place. I think many people are a bit divided over their relevance because on the one hand, maybe we're ghetto-izing women and saying you can belong to this group, but on the other hand, it's really nice to be able to meet other people who maybe feel a bit differently than you do, not to be a gender-essentialist and say women are different than men.  You will probably be able to find two women who are more different from each other than some women and some men are. People are different. We can't just say women do X, men do Y. Not right, but at the same time, many women are comfortable and happy in groups where it's Ubuntu women, Fedora women, whatever, Debian women. So, non-committal answer, basically. So, first a little comment to the woman suggesting to be extra nice to women, newbies showing up in a thread, in a forum. I'm from Debian and I noticed that, especially in the recent times, I noticed this style of response, not only to women, this is not really about women, but when you see a question that doesn't belong in this forum or this mailing list, then the nice way to respond, as I noticed it, I'm not very good at doing it myself, but what I notice at being very nice responses, this is the short answer to your question and please beware that this other place is more suitable for this kind of question in the future, because you're both talking to this person and to everybody else who is maybe too shy to raise the question. So, instead of saying nothing and instead of saying this is the wrong place, go away, then actually answer the question shortly and then point to the better place. It's so much more helpful and welcoming. But a question myself, I have a difficulty myself what really to think about positive discrimination, I would call it. You mentioned yourself this outreach program for women and as I understand it, it's about raising money, throwing money at covering the costs of an investment for people who maybe cannot afford to maybe a job or something, so boosting the initial stages of getting involved by covering the costs. But it involves money in a way that is in other places in free software communities is distorting things as I see it. So as I see it, it's like these projects, these outreach programs is throwing money to a thing that others involved in the project will not get paid for the same amount of work. So what is your, do you have some angles to that that can help me wrap my brain around it? Absolutely and I mean you could level the exact same criticism at Google Summer of Code, right? It's an internship that is based on the idea that students and people who don't have full-time employment don't have the luxury maybe of being able to devote their spare time to floss. It's an opportunity to get them contributing, right? So anyone here who has benefited from the efforts of a Google Summer of Code student before is benefiting from the same thing that the FOSOPW does, except that the purpose of the FOSOPW is, well, I think it's partially founded on the idea that the vast majority of Google Summer of Code students are young men in computer science programs. So the FOSOPW is, you know, whether or not you like the paid internships for floss model, it's a way of getting people who were not already participating in those kinds of internships into those kinds of internships. So it's not for me to question that kind of funding model, but it is a case of people who would not otherwise have the incentive or the ability or the push, you know, the actual invitation to be involved, to get involved, and that's actually a crucial one, right? I mean, one of the bits of rationale that we often see for the disparity between women in floss and women in proprietary software is that this sort of active welcoming, this belief that you do belong, is something that we don't have in floss a lot of the time, whereas when you get a job somewhere, when you're a new COMPSA graduate and you get a job at Microsoft, they are telling you, we think you're good enough. A lot of the time in floss, the message is the opposite, right? A lot of the things we say imply to contributors that they're not good enough and there is no sense of validation, because we think of ourselves in meritocracy. So is a lot of the rest of the world, but a lot of the rest of the world is much better at saying, hey, actually, you are okay. But that's a wider endemic problem and we're out of time. Yes, so on Friday at 9.30, we will have a conduct session for LibraGraphic's meeting specifically. So anyone who has an opinion, who care about this issue and related issues, please join us. And with that, we are going to have a break.


Now looking at the further decision-making strategies. Pause to consider as best as possible all factors that might influence this decision you may make. This is a very important thing that whenever we are going to make a decision, we should first take a pause. We should think about all the things which are available to us in a given scenario. And then we should decide that on the basis of that factor, the decision we are taking can be so fruitful. That is the situational factors that will have an impact on the decision. Sometimes a decision is very strong. We are seeing a lot of positive and very few negatives. But what we undermine is the situational factors. You understand that situations create a very strong impact on our decisions. Let's say that I am going to do an experiment and I want to see people's attitudes and opinions. If they travel through railways, how do they feel? I have designed my survey. I have printed all my things in it. I have completed all my protocols. I have taken permission from the authorities. And next day I have to go for data collection. And at the same time, a train or rail happens. Because of this, we assume that a situation or a panic is created. That people are not going to accept that KG rail is a safe mode of transportation. In such situational factors, if I collect data in that week, then probably people are scared and they are not going to give me the data which can be their true reflection. In fact, they are based on the situational factors because they have seen a single incident and because of that, their perceptions and attitudes have been affected. So there are many such situational factors that can harm our decision-making process. This might include seriousness of alleged offense, whether other knows about it or who may be harmed. It is also very important that we have to see how much influence there was from that situation or from those situational factors. Let's say that if I have given you the same example, if someone has a loved one in the hand of that train, then the impact on that person will be very high as compared to the one who only saw this on TV. So we need to understand that situational factor can cause a lot of harm or they can affect temporary on someone's sensation in mind. So we have to see how strong and lasting their impact is. Concerned with a trusted colleague is another better way to decide something in a good manner because ethical decision-making involved a complicated process influenced by our own perception and values. Sometimes if we make a decision, it is based on our own perception, our past learning, our values and our conditioning. We can usually benefit from seeking input from others, especially those who are expert in an area. If we get stuck somewhere or we think that we have concluded that there is no other thing in the mind than a better strategy or idea in the mind, then contacting other experts who are in that field is a very good idea so that we can improve our decisions more. Then evaluate the rights, responsibilities and vulnerabilities of all affected parties. This is also very important that the parties involved are responsible for their rights and responsibilities and how vulnerable they can be. It is very important to understand that. Frequently, a flawed decision results from failing to take into account a stakeholder's right to confidentiality, informed consent and alluvative feedback. When we make a poor decision-making to implement anything in a situation, then there can be a lot of losses. Maybe we are compromising the confidentiality of our participants. Maybe we are not giving them the best possible treatment or it can be possible that we are in a situation where we are giving them feedback that is corrective and that is not comprehensive. So basically, we have to see what are the rights of our participants and whether they are justified or not. Then generate alternative decisions. At time, one single decision is not enough. We have to see for the plan B if plan A doesn't work. We have to see for the plan C and we have to back up the plan D as well. We can't final or lock it by making one decision in one situation because there comes a situation where one plan fails and can't be executed because of situational factors, because of any other impediments. So we have to see that what other possible solutions we have to do. This process should take place without focusing on the feasibility of each option and may even include alternatives. Otherwise, consider too risky, too expensive and even inappropriate. When we make plan A, B, C and D, we don't have to see that plan A can't work for any reason. In fact, we should make plan B, C and D in the same way that they have to execute plan A as must-have. Regardless of the plan we have to implement in what way, we should have a plan. We can see all the challenges in it. Because our final and last purpose is to execute the decision making. The alternative of not making a decision at this time and the decision to do nothing at all should also be considered. There could be the situation where we see that doing something is better than not doing it. It might be better to give it some time. It might be better to pause it for self-discovery. For example, there are phases in decision making where we pause some things and we see what the result is. So, this option is important to keep in mind. Numerate the consequences of making each decision. Whenever it is relevant, attempt to identify potential consequences of a decision. This is very important to understand the consequences in advance. This includes psychological and social cost, short-term and long-term effect and any resource limitation risk including the violation of individual rights and any other benefit. So, we need to underline the consequences of psychological, emotional, economical and then finally to make the decision. If previous phases are complete consciously, if we have completed all the previous steps then it is very much possible to make a decision and we can make a decision there. Then the most important and last but not the least thing is to implement that decision. This becomes the most critical step even when the decision and course of action seems perfectly dear. So, after doing everything the important process is to make a how we are going to implement that decision and that is also very crucial and important.


Alright, let's focus a little bit more on the rate of change. So again, the derivative has two main interpretations. One of them, the primary one, is that it corresponds to the rate of change of a function at a particular place. The other one is that the derivative is the slope of the line tangent to the graph of the function at a particular place. And here we'll focus on the first interpretation, the derivative as a rate of change. So, for example, the position of a particle at time t is given by, as some function, t cubed minus 20t squared plus 12t, meters from a fixed position. And we want to find out where the particle is and how rapidly it's moving. Now let's read our function very carefully. The position of the particle is given by this expression, and that's going to be measured in meters from a fixed position. Now my first question, where is the particle? So the question is, where is the particle? Well, that's the type of answer that can be answered by a question like five meters away. And again, if we look at the dimensions, we want a value whose units are units of distance. So we want a value that is given in meters, which is going to be an s of t value. So I'll just evaluate s of t. I know what it is. I want to find out s of t when t is equal to three seconds. I'll substitute that in. I'll do the arithmetic and find my answer minus 127, and this is a value that's measured in meters. So we do want to include our units there, and that tells us this answer here is a distance and is a reasonable answer to the question, where? On the other hand, our second question, how rapidly is it moving? How rapidly? Well, that suggests we're looking at a rate of change, and more importantly, when you ask the question how rapidly, that's a velocity of some sort. So we'd expect an answer to be in, say, meters per second or something like that. And it suggests we're looking for the derivative, but we will check what the units are. So let's find our derivative first. That's going to be 3t squared minus 40t plus 12, and I want to find out what the value of the derivative is at t equal to three. I'll substitute in. After all the dust clears, I get value minus 81, and importantly, the derivative, s prime, is the same as the differential notation ds over dt, and since s of t is measured in meters, then s prime of t is going to be measured in meters over seconds, meters per second, and those will be our units. Now the important check here is whether or not the values that we find make sense as answers to the question. So here we might want to look, where is the particle? Well, minus 127 meters. Again, that's meters from a fixed position. 127 meters away from our fixed position, that's a pretty good answer to the question where. Might not be correct, maybe we miscalculated back here, but it is at least a reasonable answer to the question, where do you find something? 127 meters backwards is how we might interpret that negative. On the other hand, this question here, how rapidly is it moving? Minus 81 meters per second. That seems to be a reasonable answer to the question, how rapidly something is moving, because that indicates some sort of velocity. Backwards in the case of the minus, meters per second tells you how quickly that is. Before you throw the box around the answer and say, here is my answer to this question, before you throw that box around these answers, it is always worth verifying that the units of the answer correspond to the expected units that you would get for the question. Let's take a look at another example. The population of a country in year t is given by 315 times 1.03 t minus 2010 million persons. This actually is a rough model for the population of the United States. How rapidly will the population be growing in the year 2015? So again, the suggestion is that this is a rate of change. We want to find the rate of change when t equals 2015. And since we have a function of t, we want to find the derivative with respect to t. That's a derivative with respect to t. And so I can differentiate that. Again, a little bit of analysis goes a long way. The expression here, if I substitute in the t value, minus 1.03 raised to that constant multiple, this is the derivative of a constant multiplied by something. Well, I can handle the constant no problem. So the something I do have to worry about here, this is something raised to a power. So I'm differentiating a function that is something raised to a power. Now the problem is the only thing I know how to differentiate in that respect is e to the. So I'll apply a little bit of algebra and rewrite this as e to the something. So this is, again, still haven't differentiated anything. I've just rewritten our function as e to the something. And again, this is an e to the something. So I'll factor out that constant multiple. Don't have to worry about that. And then e to the, well, drop everything except for the last thing that I do. And now I have derivative of e to the world's easiest derivative is the same thing times, don't forget the chain rule, derivative of whatever I dropped out. We apply the kindergarten rule. If you take something out, make sure you put it back in. All of that stays the same. I don't change anything there, but I do need to find the derivative of this thing here. Again, that's a constant times something. Log of 1.03 is a constant. So constant times function. The derivative is constant times the derivative of the function, which is just going to be 1. And a little cleanup will be in order. This first expression here. Remember that just came from rewriting our function. So this first part of our derivative is just the same as our original function. So I'll substitute that in. And again, the check to make sure that you're on the right direction as far as the derivative is concerned is that you should see an echo of the original function in what we claim to be the derivative. And here we do see that echo. So we're probably heading in the right direction. We're looking for the units. So our population is measured in millions of persons and T is measured in years. So the derivative, the rate of change of the population with respect to time, that must have units of millions of persons per year. And so we can fill in that unit. And our T value, 2015, is the year that we're looking at. So T is 2015. So we can compute, substitute those in, and after all the dust settles, 10.79 million persons per year. And so we ask the important question. Is that your final answer? 10.79 million persons per year. And before we say yes and check the box, hit the buzzer, whatever, we do want to go back to the original question. We're looking at how rapidly is the population growing. Now, we should always verify that our units will at least be relevant to the question. And there's two possible units here. Millions of persons, because that's the units of our functions. And that doesn't really make sense as a how rapidly question. That makes sense as an answer to a question like what is the population, so and so many millions of persons. But as an answer to a how rapidly question, million persons doesn't make sense as an answer. On the other hand, million persons per year does make sense as an answer to a question, how rapidly is the population growing? So I may have the number wrong. 10.799 might not be the actual value because I've made a mistake in my arithmetic. But my units tell me that I should have been looking at the derivative and assuming that I got the derivative correct, then the derivative is going to answer the question how rapidly is the population growing? So 10.79 million persons per year. Yes, yes, that is my final answer.


So first of all, thanks to the organizers for giving me the opportunity to present the work here. Yes. The work is about capacitive couplings. I'm coming from the University of Salamanca. Salamanca, this is a very old institution. 800 years old. I think that it's competing with one of the oldest here, as Bologna. And it is in a nice city. So if you are around the center of Spain, come and visit. And if you do, come and visit also the lab. Hi. Hi. Maybe because you cannot hear me. Hi. I'm talk very... Not English one, even. Hi. Hi. I will try to speak louder. I think that is my problem also, that I speak very softly. Yes. Before coming to University of Salamanca, I was in Madrid in the group of quantum information and foundation, led by Juan José García Ripol. And actually, this work has been done in collaboration with him and with all the PhD students in the project, especially María Ita... almost all the work. And all of this is part of a wider project, that is the abacus project that wants to build a coherent quantum arena in Barcelona. And this project is coordinated by Paul Fordia. Okay. So once we have said that, I want to give a bit of motivation why I'm going to go through all these troubles. And the motivation is that we want to improve the quantum technologies using superconducting circuits. I think that everyone would like to do this. The quantum technologies that we are going to... that we would like to improve is quantum computer because as I said, this work is part of the abacus project. So the quantum computer is this gate model. You have this gate model here. And it's based on applying gates to the qubit, to two qubit gates. And you have another model that is this adiabatic quantum computing. But usually with my mobile, when I shake it, it works. But this, it doesn't work. It doesn't matter. And this is based on a slow evolution of the Hamiltonian of your system that you have a high control of A. So you go from a ground state that it is easy to prepare to a one that is more difficult to prepare but still it has the computation... it solves the computational problem that you want to get. So this means there are also quantum simulations and the word that I'm going to say also applies to this quantum simulation. And this is made by many groups. So in principle, these two models are equivalent. This is something that probably you all know. This is from a theoretical point of view. Maybe from a practical point of view it's not so much equivalent. But anyway, all of them require to engineer good qubit couplings and to have good qubit coherence. At some point, you have to sacrifice one of the probes of this requirement to get another one from time to time. For example, I think that here in this computer that is the big wave last quantum processor, this is an annealer. It is not universal but still it falls in the other quantum computer. So what they do is they put a lot of qubit. Those qubits are very connected. This green stuff is one qubit that is coupled to 12 or more qubits. But at some point I think that you sacrifice a bit the qubit coherence. Here the lattice, this is from the IBM quantum processor. The Washington, you have a lattice that is less connected. There are less qubits but you have, I think, a better coherence for individual qubits. So in the talk, what I'm going to focus is in these qubit couplings. We want to improve it. And what we want to do is to get a waste of finding more qubit couplings so we can wider the families of models that we can implement in a quantum adiabatic computing. But at some point I would talk about qubit coherence because from time to time we would have to sacrifice a bit the qubit coherence or the qubit coupling, as I said. As an example of what we want to do. For example, for adiabatic quantum computer, I said that it is equivalent to the gate model of quantum computer and this equivalence can be taken at least theoretically to this model. If you are able, for example, to get this model in a quantum adiabatic computer, you would be able, at least theoretically, to solve any problem that a universal quantum computer can solve. But the matter is that this model is very difficult to implement in a quantum annealer or in a quantum adiabatic computer in a superconductive circuit because you have to get full to nobility of all the parameters, like the gap of the qubit, the coupling of all the qubit, not just two. And you have to have two directions of coupling and this is difficult. So from time to time you may be likely to get something simpler and for this reason, they were looking for non-stochastic model that maybe what you want to do is to implement something that is not so complicated as this, but still you can quarantine some way that you are going to gain something with respect to a classical computer. And what is this? This is non-stochastic model, quantum model. So those quantum models exhibit a sign problem and then you cannot do the computation with Monte Carlo. Then you delete Monte Carlo as a direct competitor of your quantum annealer or your quantum adiabatic computer. So these non-stochastic models were realized by the people of D-Wave a couple of years ago and here are these other regions, the region of parameters. Well, this is the coupling GYY that is there. Well, GYY is not there. Anyway, GYY, GXX, GZZ. And this is the strength of the coupling in gigahertz. The gap is larger and this is an important point. And in these regions, you get non-stochastic model and here non-stochastic model. However, this came to be a bit strange because in these two papers, they showed that even if you are here and you are non-stochastic what could happen is that you can cure the non-stochasticity by doing a quantum Monte Carlo on the full superconducting circuit. At least in this paper, they showed that they can do it very explicitly in a perturbating regime, a non-stochastic model. So, where we are going to, for example, our direction of work is to try to show that we can break these results. Well, not break, but see how you can go together with these results in superconducting Trigio-Sephson-Janxson qubits. And for this, we are going to try to implement a model like this. We are not going to make it, but we are going to make something similar to this and also try to explore the different regions of the perturbating one. So, this is the outline of the talk. We are going to study, in the first part, Trigio-Sephson-Janxson qubits coupled to other qubits and to LC resonators, yes. And for this, well, we are going to show for this that there are two directions that we can couple them strongly. And for this, for two qubits-qubits, we are going to show that we are able to couple them strongly, not in two directions, this is not completely true, but almost in two directions. And for this, and then in the second part, we are going to couple a fluxon encrypted to a waveguide and also see that it gives an interesting model, which gives you quite protected state from decay. Okay, let's go with the first part. So, we have this persistent current qubits. This is a, you all know, this is a loop with a Josephson-Janxon, and here we can, we put two Josephson-Janxons for the three Josephson-Janxon qubits, but in general for a persistent current qubits what you are going to have is a potential like this, so you have the left and right. They are persistent, correct with different directions. You have the qubit gap there. And what we do, what? And let me see a very simple sample of how to induce magnetic interaction, the simple one. So, you write this model, this is the tunneling, going from here to here, and then you can couple with the intensity to an external flux. What you do is you project this operator in the qubit base, and you get these sigma x, and now if you want to couple another qubit, you see that this external field can be induced by a mutual inducer by the other qubit, and then you have here another current operator that you also projected in the qubit base, and you have these two, okay? So, for this, in fact, if you want to get, you have this model, and now can we go to ultra-strong coupling system? Yes, what you have to do is, for example, to get the interaction strong, so the mutual interaction is strong, and also large persistent current, fine, and this was done in these two papers that even they put the qubit together with the resonator, galvanically coupled, and in this one, it was also the case. Fine. Now, going for the capacity coupling, we have, for the capacity in coupling, we are going to have like this one for two qubits, we join it with a capacitor, and we have charge charge, fine. We do the same trick. We project the charge in the qubit base, and we have a sigma y operator. If we put a resonator, we are going to have the standard form with the impedance here, and yeah, fine, then it is straightforward to find the coupling. The coupling, it is in the y-y direction, and it is going to be, you are going to have two, if you do the qubit, if they are similar, you are going to have two gaps here. And then what you find is that the coupling divided by the gap depends on the gap, also, fine. For the qubit resonator, it is different. The coupling divided by the gap, it doesn't depend on the gap, which is much better. Why is it much better? Because if you have something like this, it was discussed for a similar system, not for this one in this paper of Kerman a couple of years ago also, that this is, you cannot use for example, this limits a lot the coupling that you can get, and for instance, you cannot get something to do, to do something like quantum annealing, why? Quantum annealing, at the beginning you have a large gap, and then you decrease the gap up to zero, theoretically, and then you have a large interaction. Okay, but this is very difficult, because you decrease the gap, and then you have two coupling, divided by the gap that goes to zero. So this is not good. For the qubit resonator, it's not that bad, because well, at least this restriction is not there, because you don't have here nothing like the gap. And this is going to be easier to deal with. But anyway, so, but this projected, is there something that we are missing here? Is this projected on the qubit base fine? Well, it is not so much. Why? Because this projection, if you look, it's just the first thing, when you have the effect, you have the full superconducting qubit, you have to somehow project it to the qubit base. But the first thing in this projection, the effective Hamiltonian has a first thing, that is the direct projection on to the qubit base, but then you have a lot of terms, and these terms are a series that take into account that your qubit can interact these two states, go up, and then they can go back again. So when you take into account this interaction, you find that these terms, roughly speaking, some of them, at least, they would go as the amplitude to go up for qubit, qubit, go up to the excited state and come back, and this amplitude, if you take this as a rough approximation of a harmonic potential, it is going to be, typically, h bar omega cubed, which is the distance, and then this is going to be one, so we have to sum the full series. For the qubit resonator, it's not that bad, because indeed, you have the square root of one qubit, and the resonator, but this is much smaller than the difference between the qubit sub-space and the excited state. Here, I am thinking that you have a large anharmonicity, so this separation is large. That could be the case for three Josephson junction qubits. Now, we go back. So, summing up the full series, we did something similar. We improved the, this doesn't work, the word of Consani and word Barton. Well, we based it on their method. We did another method that I think that it is a bit better. All of this is based on the work of this other reference. What we did numerically is to sum up the full series, and we have that in this region, we have the qubit cap that is this one. We have the coupling here and the coupling here that are similar. We have something like this model, sigma yy and sigma sets are similar, that's 0.1, something like this. We have this type of model, which is not a full sigma xy, but still is something that is not in one direction. We have the qubit cap that is of the same order, the amplitude. This model was explained roughly in this reference where you are going to have this one, but we are able to compute from zero that you are going to have a yy in the first order to this model, and also we are able to show that there is quite a strong coupling for this, yes. And also with our theory, you can get an intuitive explanation of why they start to be more, more coupling. So the first order, as I was talking, is that you have a qubit, qubit, they interact, but they stay in the qubit. The second order is qubit, qubit, they go up and they go down, and this gives you a sigma set that is indeed the second order here. And then you have these two processes that you can join it, and you have a sigma xy. So you have always jx that is non-zero. And last for this, if we join it also with a Josephson Jackson that can be made tangible, this is more or less straight forward, and we show it in this paper until this type of model with sigma xx with the Josephson Jackson and also the sigma plus, sigma plus, sigma minus, sigma minus. And this is non-stochastic in principle. At least the spin model is non-stochastic. And it is also, we are able to show that it is non-stochastic and very strong coupling. Okay, this is the case that it was more simple. Here this is the qubit and the resonator. Join it, qubit and resonator. The difference here is that as I said, the first order works and things are much simple. And what you can show is in this plot you have the coupling of the qubit versus the gap of the qubit. This is this line. And the coupling of the, the coupling respect the energy of the resonator. And what happens is that at some point there is this point that omega r, the energy of the resonator one of the gap is the same. And at this point you can explore a model that has the same energy for qubit, for resonator and also the coupling is ultra strong because we reach point of 0.15. So again adding the magnetic coupling we can show something that is I think that has not been studied in superconducting circuit that is the qubit, the resonator and an ultra strong coupling in two directions. And this open, I think that this open new regime of quantum optics. Okay, now, with this I finish with the three Josephson Jacksonal Rice, all of these was for three Josephson Jacksonal Rice, although I think that it can be made for all the type of persistent qubits. Can you say again what are the parameters? Sorry, Denis. Can you say again what are the parameters you have to tune to switch on off the couplings to the resonators and between qubits? Well, for this one you can make it like an square. And for the resonator? For the resonator I think, well, for the resonator in principle it is fixed by construction. But this is also fixed by construction. So, yes. We should, at some point we were trying to get this coupling also because it is not nice that it is fixed by construction. So, you have in mind a simulator not an annealer because with it you cannot make annealing? Yes. Yes, yes. You have to get the tunable capacitor. But the point here is that we want before doing this, we have to see if this works for something or not. So, we have these two papers saying that non-stochastic is cured going to be a superconducting circuit. And then we have to see, first of developing more these ideas and do everything like tunable, we have to see if this is going to work or not. Because if you spend a lot of time and then they come with the quantum Monte Carlo and they say, okay, I can do it in the full superconducting circuit this is not going to be, well, it is worth that it is going to be for nothing. How much time do I have? Okay, perfect. Yes, now. And now I'm going to change a bit. Well, it is more or less the same. We have, we want to study also new models that is how to implement a peak a bound state in the continuum in a fluxon in Q-treat. Now it's a Q-treat. The QBT is 2 level, Q-treat is 3 level. Okay. Couple to a microwave. Okay, so let me say two words about what is a bound state in the continuum. About the state in the continuum can be with this picture that I took it from this reference. So they were first predicted a very long time ago by von Neumann and Wigner. And what happens is that in principle, if you think in a quantum system you can have, you have the spectrum of the quantum system and you can have different type of spectrum. You have the discrete spectrum typically and then what happens is that this is a confined state. You put the particle here and it is confined in the space. Now you go to the continuum. Typically if you are in the continuum the state are not going to be localized. They are going to be extended. You can have with resonance that it means that the particle can stay more time here or it is concentrated here but still it can leak and go to the infinite. And then you have a peak. A peak is a mode that lives in the continuum part of the spectrum but it is completely localized like a discrete state. And this is from the point of view of theory and also from technological application this is an interesting state. So this state has been extensively analyzed in the framework of photonic I would say, but also there has been a couple of some works in superconducting circuits. The one that I am aware, in this one. And those work, what they did is to construct a peak from the field in the, localize it in the waveguide. So the part of this, and they used the qubit they used a qubit in some way to put the correct boundary condition. But then the peak is localized in this part of the waveguide but it is not so compact because it can be localized in a big part of the waveguide. So what I am going to try is to do a more compact to localize it in the fluxonium loop that is much smaller region of the system and also with the hope that it is scalable to do applications. The system that I am going to analyze now for which we have been working is something like this. You have a coplanar waveguide you couple to here capacitively again to something that is a fluxonium that we introduced this morning a couple of times. So you have the large inductant that you have to set here as Juan was saying and this is the original paper where they propose the fluxonium and they analyze it just this system and where are we having in this system we have a dark state in principle we have a dark state. What happens if you write the potential of the fluxonium at zero bias at zero external magnetic flux treating the loop you find this type of potential energy. Now you can put the zero state here the minus one state here we are interested in the Q-trip we are interested to keep these three states. So what happens is that if you are at zero bias you are going to have the superposition the first state is this one more or less and the second state is the superposition because these and these are they generate the superposition an anti-symmetric superposition and then you do those two states that is plus minus. Now in this case we have a flux inversion symmetry so this means that the states have a well-defined parity and the operator have well-defined parity this is very basic so you cannot join with the chart that is given by this operator this coupling you cannot join the ground state to another one that has the same parity because the chart has odd parity that this is that and this you get a wave here you try to aside from the zero to this plus superposition and you cannot do it this is that and this has been experimentally seen in the original work here as a deep in the transmission I think in the spectroscopy so this is the first level the cubic level and this is the second level and they don't see it at the signal a zero flux bias ok so is this a big well it doesn't need to be a big why not because you have a dark state but if you put the state here in the big in the second it can go away well it can decay from plus to minus so we need to suppress this transition so if we suppress this transition this is a thing that can be done going to this regime we are going to have some sort of a big this is going to be more localized and then here we have the transition rate from plus to minus in the scale of milliseconds of seconds the frequency and we see that the tendency is that when you increase cj over ec this is the normal AC but it's a detail that we don't care now when you start to increase this ratio you see that there is an exponential decrease of this transition rate which means that the decay tie roughly also increases potentially with this quantity and then well this decrease is up to a point and this point is where there is a voided level crossing between the plus state and the first cited state so we want to avoid to have this voided level crossing soon what we do to do to make this is to set a large cj over ec which is anyway the regime of the fluxonium and with this we can see that there are huge decaying time or transition rate is very very small so in principle this seems that we have a big in the fluxonium Q3 in the fluxonium Q3 at least so but those huge decaying time are realistic probably but many of you are experimental you are going to say as the previous speaker was in DS in theory you can do whatever you want but in the practice probably not so there is going to be a noise what happened with the noise in principle there is going to be a dangerous sort of noise that you can bias the system with noise and then the sensitivity of this type of transition from zero to plus is very large and if you bias the system and for a long time you are going to allow this transition to Q and you are not going to have a peak anymore however we have in some way we have to put here numbers and estimate what is the noise level and we have done this by computing the typical deviation of the flux for very long time so at the cutoff of smaller frequencies and we can set for the 1 over f noise at very large, at very small frequencies that is in this level so if it is in this level the peak could be realized experimentally at least taking into account this 1 over f flux noise if it is 10 to the minus 5 we are going to have a transition rate in seconds in the inverse of second to 10 to the 4 which is quite huge quite a lot I think well I mean the inverse is going to be quite a lot compared with the typical frequencies of the system at least and we have here flux noise level here we are going to have decaying time up to milliseconds and this is consistent with the decaying time coming from the plus to minus transition that I was saying before so for this for example for this realization for this parameter if the noise is in this level we are going to have this order of time for the decaying that seems to be very large also you can always say well you have to take into account other sources of noise at least we think that for the electric losses it is also fine this we have taken into account and now a couple of remarks about this peak this peak is we expect that you can construct it in a way that is very well protected from decay but then it is very well protected from being created which is very unpleasant and then you have to think in ways how to create it and well we can think in some procedures like here to decide with non-linearities but we are also thinking something very simple which is to put a small bias, populate the peak and then go to the zero bias this is probably not ideal from the point of view of quantum information because in this regime of a small bias you are not protected from the point of view of quantum information so the phasing and all this stuff can come but at least for the point of view of creating the peak I think that it would work and also we have to take into account that the heavier the more heavy the fluxion is this cube that I was showing before the sensitivity is much larger so we can do this in a fast way by setting an Ej over easy large however this always would come to a larger sensitivity to the noise which may be also dangerous and these are the conclusions I think that we have expanded the family of models that you can set that you can implement with current qubits specifically for a three years of injection we have seen that we can do ultra-strong and non-stochastic model with the qubit-qubit interaction and for the qubit resonator we have shown that there is ultra-strong coupling in two directions which is something that has been up to date at least in superconducting circuits for the fluxion in Q-treat we have seen that it may be realizable to construct a very long-lived state a big state, a state in the continuum and now we are also thinking in what to do next which can be see if we can get universal quantum computing, the model that I was talking at the beginning with two orthogonal couplings or also think in the application of the big for quantum information and also for sensing the external fields well, one thing that I didn't say is that these, the results from this fluxion in Q-treat we will put it today or tomorrow in the archive so it is not available yet these two the references are in the main body of the work you can check it if you like and that's all, thank you thank you very much, the talk is now open for question you mentioned the effect of 1 over F noise I suppose it's flux noise and how did you estimate this I didn't get or are you just supposing it's there? no, we estimate it well we get from the experimental work of Manucharian in 2019 at PRX that they say that the model is a flux noise they take it as a constant A over omega with A 10 to the minus 5 10 to the minus 6 this is the spectrum roughly speaking and it's supposing that this is consistent this power spectrum is consistent with the experimental result you have also to set a cutoff and I think that the cutoff in the frequency we put it, the plus cutoff we put that 10 to the 2 second 1 over second and minus 2 the high energy cutoff 10 to the 3 or something like this this was this was consistent with previous work and then we compute long time fluctuations what are you calculating now? yes well, we do these computations up to with typical times that are near the this cutoff this cutoff very slow noise and this gives you an idea that the amplitude of these computations because this is first yes well you take the real part of this we have time for one more question I would have a question actually so it's we're getting the first part of your talk that you could have ultrasonic coupling in two directions and that it could maybe give rise to new physics, could you elaborate maybe? yes, well, actually we didn't get two directions sigma y, sigma y for qubit-qubit coupling but you were referring to the qubit-qubit yeah, I didn't mind like multi-channels spin boson or stuff like that I think that you may be able to do a James Cammie model but usually if I'm not mistaken this James Cammie model came from the rotating wave approximation and then you are always constrained to small values so you cannot go to James Cammie model with an ultrasonic coupling but with this you can do it you can go to very strong coupling because we are showing that we have a strong coupling so it's in some way it's curious I think let's do it again


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Welcome to the weather forecast for the week beginning Tuesday September 16th having a record from home for this week Sorry about that. I'm chief meteorologist John and it's worth for Longmont public media This Wednesday September 17th. We have the new moon might have gone out early on Tuesday and seen a very funny like Tonail looking moon in the morning sky. It was pointing almost straight down It's just an interesting combination of the geometry of the Path of the Sun and the moon and the planets and the horizon and where the Sun is right now But it did look kind of odd So moon rise moon set very close to sunrise and sunset Let's go back and take a look at these records. We left y'all last week with all these possible records It may be set or broken. So what actually happened? Well, we did set the latest 100 degree temperature in a year that occurred on Saturday We had the shortest time from going from 90 degrees Fahrenheit or over to snow That was probably a very easy thing to break We did hit the greatest number of 90 degree plus days But it was only tied on Labor Day. It took until Monday the 14th To break it and then on Tuesday the 15th. We've done it again We have a lot cold records as well, too. We have a record low-high temperature we're looking at 42 for Tuesday and It was actually still as warm as 44 that occurred after midnight So the daytime the afternoon temperatures are down in the 30s, but that doesn't matter It's midnight to midnight and it stayed just a touch too warm past midnight. So we didn't get that one But the record low Tuesday was 31 beating the old record of 34 We had the record low high temperature on Wednesday. The old record was 53. It's now set at 41 huge break there We did have the record low on Wednesday by a degree 30 degrees instead of 31 We did not break the record two-day temperature drop the previous record of being 76 We only dropped 65 but the one-day temperature drop we did do the previous record was 53 and we had 62 so not too bad We did have the second earliest snow and the most known the first storm of one inch so That's a Denver we actually had an inch and a half here in Longmont and We were looking at the possible breaking of the precipitation record for September 8th overall. We did get About three quarters of an inch of water, but it took about two and a half days to do it So we did not break that record on that one day Taking a look at drought conditions I don't think the rainfall that we got is really showing up in the data yet because here's the previous week And here's this week's showing again more drought Like conditions out in the Western part of the state. So hold on. We'll see what it says next week Nationwide a lot of the drought regions have now kind of connected throughout Colorado, Utah and Arizona Nevada So let's get some rain in here We did get rain without a storm over the last seven days The light greens are half inch to an inch and that tracks at about point eight point seven seven or so and I Backyard rain gauge the darker greens top an inch That's all the way through this northern mountain area where the fires are not out in the West so much We had some spots top two inches in yellow Let's take a look at the snow. We have to look at day by day. I'll give you the totals for our two nearest cities So up to 7 a.m. Tuesday. We didn't have anything but some light rain But there was precipitation falling a snow up on the foothills half inch almost two inches above boulder and Trace to a quarter of an inch in Boulder for the next morning up to 7 a.m. Wednesday We got everything we could get one point six one point seven was two inches a little bit out on 66 And then above Boulder threes fours five inch amounts and in Boulder itself We had five inches four inches three point eight. So pretty good up here I don't know what community that is six point eight inches of snow up there All right, and then we picked up a trace more by Thursday 7 a.m. Because the storm cut off and it was a slower And we ended up with one point five a lot fish laying in Longmont Boulder five point six Well, you probably noticed that smoke is starting to leak back in and it's inevitable There's so much smoke in the atmosphere of the particular load is ridiculous on Monday we were in the clear the high pressure system is sort of centered in the Utah area and Jess was circulating clean air around for a change bringing the Big swoop of stuff up to the north but by Tuesday. It was starting across the Wyoming Colorado border and The forecast for Wednesday is it finally just kind of breaks for Ian heads down the front range as stuff does We'll see it worse later in the week We have a trough off the coast. It'll be progressing inward and that's going to eventually Make a straight fetch from the fires down into the four corners area Colorado like that So sorry about that smoke is back this is the lower smoke or smoke near the surface and What it tries to do is break up this total smoke at all levels forecast for Wednesday and to upper Troposphere middle troposphere and near surface the near surface is moderate So you'll probably still be able to see at least on Wednesday the outline of the mountains to the west even if the skies are very white But this will probably be mixing down. There's just too much smoke not to get it spilling into our area The water vapor satellite loop shows that high over Utah the ridge extending up into Western Canada And the moisture being shunted off up there. We have Hurricane Sally down here about to hit the Alabama Mississippi coast and a little tropical something off of Corpus Christi and the tropical moisture envelope around that area and bone dry air off of Southern California and very dry air up into the Central mountains and stretching out onto the plains So we're we're just caught in between the two moist regions in really dry air again Give you some good news though The normal high temperatures over the next 10 days drops from 79 to 75 Lows from 61 to 56. So we're starting to really see a slope now It is heading down Temperatures are still above normal from much the next week and there is a hint in the middle of next week of a return of a trough Cool air and some precipitation chances So don't give up. It nice and this is out there in the future over the next 15 days watch this ridge in the west can see it kind of Consolidating with a central high there not far from us keeping us above average Here comes the trough Friday into Saturday Passing by and that'll really start a cool down not tremendous But it'll keep us somewhat cooler. You can see the winds are now coming by the weekend straight from the fires towards us then going off to Tuesday and Into Wednesday next week and see a more general Low coming down trough coming down After that does it look like the ridge may re-establish itself And then another trough starts coming in the west. So as I called it before this is a progressive pattern So you'll see troughs replaced by ridges replaced by troughs Things are more on the move than they were It was that high all the way out on September 29th to September 30th back at the beginning You can see sally down here. I want to call it sandy. It's not that sally down here coming inland And passing just north of Atlanta before kind of getting absorbed into the west release Can look for cool downs over the next 15 days Here's somewhat above normal temperatures Here's a big blob of cold air coming down later in the week And it kind of gets into the eastern plains But never really backs up hill far enough to get to the front range East gets really cold here. It comes a cold front sunday with 20th Into the west and it kind of fizzles out That's that passing shortwave Abnormal heat for a while here comes another cold front On the 23rd and that one actually finally comes down the front range 23rd 24th 25th Of september or cool down and maybe some precipitation chances then too So again, it is beginning To break this high likes to reestablish itself, but troughs are making their way through it now and then By the end of the month very hot in the west. Oh crazy heat on the 30th with another cold front in the Great Lakes And to support the dry air and the ridge the next five days in precipitation is Nothing for color arcs. It may be this a few hundred feet of Soil up here and the extreme northwest may see some precipitation Over the next 10 days with that first smaller passing trough the mountains may see some showers And just a little wetting on the plains So looking out for the next seven days We have eighties almost touching 90 again on thursday before we settle back to somewhat above normal in the mid eighties for the weekend low eighties coming out of the weekend And upper seventies into next week We don't get a small chance of rain come back until the beginning of next week probably better tuesday wednesday When we will be making another video to cover that next week We'll finish with Sally Sally is a hurricane Did look at first like it was going to almost make one of the most catastrophic approaches to noraleens itself in the mouth of the Mississippi It is strengthened greatly and that has helped to kind of Feel the westerlies a little more so it's curving more to the east. So hooray some some horrible disaster Looks like has been Largely avoided These people here don't want to be hit by it, but they don't have the same Lowland below sea level Levy type situation they're at least above sea level and can weather the storm For more local news and more frequent weather updates check out longmont leader At the longmontleader.com I've been chief meteorologist john insworth Keep looking up


I'd like to thank you all for coming today and it's wonderful to see so many professors and distinguished guests as well. Welcome as well, headmistress, scholars, and other gentle folk. My name is Lovelin Treasure Box and it is an honor to be here with you today at Ravens Comf. While I'm not an official alumna, Raven Claw has drawn me in with welcoming arms. It is a very special community, but you already knew that. As you've seen in your scrolls, my talk is called Beyond Hogwarts, a half-blood's perspective on inclusive magical education. For generations, the world's magic has been performed by witches and wizards, carefully identified at an early age, and cloistered away in Hogwarts or Drumstang or Salem Witches Institute. There they are trained and groomed in their magical abilities, and then sent out into the world to carry on our traditions. It's been a good system, proven by time and trial to grow the magical talent we need to thrive. But several years ago, the magical world faced a threat like no other, twice. Under great losses on both sides, Voldemort was defeated. It's easy to forget that when Voldemort and his forces threatened us all, two of the three wizards and witch who let his defeat were not raised in the magical world. Those events lifted a veil and have revealed to the world the incredible magical potential of Muggleborn. But I believe even of squibs, but we can discuss that at dinner. As you also read in the scroll, I am a half-blood. My mother is a Muggle, but my father was a wizard, a part of the magical world. He even served the ministry for a few years as an aura. I, however, was raised in the magical world, complete with Muggle schooling. I was quite fortunate, and unlike Mr. Potter, was never actively denied my magical heritage. But I was never actively brought into it, either. For most of my life, I thought my magical side was just a curiosity, a fluke. I thought it couldn't possibly lead to anything more. So for years, I ignored the quiet owls wrapping on my window pane. You see, only a chosen few are summoned to Hogwarts with the tenacity of Dumbledore. My first steps into the wizarding world were a long time incoming. Finally, I opened my eyes to the wonderful magical world before me, and I dove right in. I've even been able to find some of my magical father's commentary. But you'll notice my robes are hand sewn. My spellbooks are only borrowed from Diagon Alley. And my precious wand was a gift from a magical friend and her equally magical network. This wand was given to me at the time of my greatest despair. Like Hermione Granger, I've been very lucky. But how many of our next generation's potential witches and wizards won't be as lucky? Where would we be now if half-bloods or muggle-borns like Severus Snape or Lily Evans missed their chance and never made their way through Hogwarts halls? Severus Snape is famous for a lot of things, but being a half-blood isn't one of them. Opinionated and brilliant, if sharp-tongued, Professor Snape's knowledge and training have saved countless lives. Lily Evans started her life as an ordinary muggle. While she showed some signs of magical ability, she had no real idea of her potential. Until the day she received a visitor from Hogwarts who introduced her to her true calling. Lily Evans is better known as Lily Potter, member of the Order of the Phoenix and Harry Potter's mother. Without Lily Evans, we'd probably all be speaking parcel-tongue now. There are great and terrible things just past the horizon. We will need every bit of magical talent we can find to face them. We must all look beyond Hogwarts and beyond our old ways of growing magical talent. And it's not just muggle-borns who have needs beyond Hogwarts. Once our students are in school, a few of our brightest are not finding what they need there. The Weasley twins, Fred and George, quite notoriously abandoned their educations to follow their creative sides. I say notorious because if you fly out of school setting a fire dragon on your teacher and leaving in a shower of fireworks, it's hard to be known not for dropping out. The Weasley twins put their skills and talents to good use. The products of their entrepreneurial spirits have brought great joy to the magical world. Even as they've taken a little of our productivity and a lot of our gold in return. And they are not alone. We sometimes forget that even Ollivander himself, our revered wandmaker, upon whose tools so much of our magic depends, is not known for an illustrious school career at Hogwarts. I've even heard rumors he used to race brooms. And there are so, so many more. We need to make room for all of these magical minds to build and create in their own ways as well. Even if that means extending Hogwarts-level magical training and mentorship beyond Hogwarts walls. We have a third and final challenge that is sometimes only whispered. The Ministry of Magic is finding that the spells taught at Hogwarts are in some ways insufficient. Even our brightest graduates are lacking in the latest techniques and charms. While their theoretical knowledge is superb, learning magical theory alone does not help much when faced with a real-life conflict. Learning the owls is not enough. This gap between knowledge and experience and between theory and practice was laid bare after the Battle of Hogwarts. To be blunt, the students who fought and survived Voldemort and his death eaters are simply better witches and wizards today. By having the opportunity to develop their magical skills in the real world, our most favored trio and their battling allies are better prepared for any magical venture, whether in times of peace or of war. So we are now faced with great threats and a growing body of students who were either found later in life and are too old for Hogwarts or who have needs beyond the Hogwarts curriculum. We need to look beyond Hogwarts. First, we need to take better advantage of the recent explosion in beginner magical training opportunities. Just a few years ago, a budding witch or wizard's only real opportunity to study magic was within Hogwarts walls. That time is gone. Today, high-quality, beginner-level magical training is just a swish and flick away. And yes, there is a great deal of bad magic out there as well. It is up to us to amplify and increase the reach of the beginner-level training. There have also been tremendous strides in developing Hogwarts-level magical training in smaller venues. What these small schools lack in scale individually, together they can make up in total reach. But we need more of them, and they need to go deeper. One of these magical schools regularly receives many more times the number of qualified applicants than they have capacity for. When asked why they don't expand to fill the need, one witch involved in selecting their last cohort replied that they would love to. She said they have the demand, and they have the support from magical industries. But what they lacked was enough experienced witches and wizards willing to teach them all. And that school is only one of many that are starving for more witches and wizards who want to teach. They are looking for experienced, passionate teachers and tutors for their students. They're looking for you. Finally, we need a revival of an old practice. Apprenticeships. Magical industries, both large and small, have already embarked on this path. And they're finding success. Apprenticeships are proving to be an excellent old new way to grow magical talent. But there is still a terrible imbalance between the number of future witches and wizards seeking out these apprenticeships and the much smaller numbers of those enabling them. We are poised at the brink of a new age in the wizarding world. By increasing the reach of our owls. And by supporting magical training beyond Hogwarts walls. And by expanding the reach and the depth of apprenticeship programs. We will be ready to identify, reach and train the army of witches and wizards we will need to meet the challenges ahead of us. I invite all of you to join me in this mission to reach out beyond Hogwarts for the future of our magical world. With the threats and challenges looming on the horizon, we will need every single shining star and diamond in the rough working together to defend and guide the magical world. Hang on. Both of our words gone. Let's talk about those other threats. Let's talk about power. What are the ABCs of a conference? Always be charging. We don't have to just accept that. We want devices that use less power. We want to be able to let our needs dictate which apps we run and which apps we turn off. How many times today or yesterday did you put your phone into airplane mode just to save some power so you'd make it through the day? We shouldn't have to do that. A solution to this will require the skills of electrical engineers and it will require the talents of a software engineer who's thinking about energy consumption as they code. Also, our work as developers feeds on energy just as much as the work of a farmer feeds on water. Our future selves will depend on software that is respectful of energy use and our future selves will depend on software that enables a stable and secure electrical grid. The grid, where we get all of our power, is run by software. Software that someone or a lot of someone has to write. Second on that list is privacy. There are three big buckets of people attacking our privacy today. First, we've got the nosy neighbor and that's not the privacy slide. That's the privacy slide.  And then we've got the authorities. We've got the NSA recording everything. Wave hello to the camera. NSA will see. We've got police departments who want to make you use your fingerprint to unlock your phone. And we've got HR departments who make you swear to spy on your colleagues on social media. It's not a myth. And finally, we have the free services that we actively give our information to. By now, it's an old saw that if whatever you're using is free, you're actually the product. And companies from Google to Facebook to Twitter have built empires around selling information about us. But play for pay companies are starting to follow suit. Uber and PayPal are doing their best to learn everything they can about you. Just check out some of their job listings. Our security threats come from multiple places too. First, there are the hackers and the scammers, those lovely, helpful folks who send you the emails covered with your bank's trademarks and try to fish your login information out of you. And so to fight them, we create complicated passwords and train ourselves to be wary and internet savvy. But then we discover that the layers of security we create become so difficult to penetrate that a lot of people simply don't use them. We might set our passwords to autofill on our browsers or use easy passwords. Just because we want to get to the article already. Or we become dependent upon services like LastPass. Or we link our accounts to each other. So we just have to sign in once. It's easier than remembering long strings of gibberish, but it's not the safe way to go either. By bringing in new programmers who started out in other fields and by fostering entrepreneurship in our dropouts. We not only gain more soldiers in this fight, but we gain from their experience and insights. And we can gain in smaller ways too. Artists and teachers can make great UX programmers. We won't know what we don't know until someone new comes along with a different perspective. So where does that leave us? We've got threats, both big and mundane. And we've got a tremendous potential army just itching to get in there in code. And we've got you. And each and every one of you has a skill or resource or a battle scar to share. And if you don't know where to start, look up your local Learn to Code group. Maybe one is right down the block. Or maybe not. You could look up a girl development chapter or a study group or start an intro night at your Yerza group. You can spend some time on the Code Newbies chat on Twitter or the million other Learn to Code chats that are going on. You're bound to find lots of folks who can benefit from just some bits of your experience. If you have a little or a lot more time, consider starting your own group. Eta was started about two years ago by a handful of developers, a lot like you. And looking out, I know exactly like some of you. Madison Software Academy, Project Ascend, MotherCoders, all of these were homegrown grassroot schools working to give people their start. Or you can reach out to newbies at your own company. Bree Thomas before, earlier today, and Pamela Victor's after me, both are talking about specific ways that you can help, that ways that have worked in their companies and that you can model into yours. If you don't have time for a big, huge commitment, all you need to do is take one or two of your newbies under your wing and mentor them. You could offer to pair on something and let them drive or you could host a brown bag to talk about something that you're passionate about and then encourage your fellows to join along with you and the next one. You might be surprised at both the turnout and what you can learn when people come up for their turns. And if you're in a position of influence, either by title or otherwise, consider starting an official apprenticeship program at your company. Have only 10 minutes a day? Spend some time on Exorcism IO. We're missing a huge part in the middle between what these beginner coding schools can do and what companies are looking for. And if you don't have lots of time to devote to helping raise up and grow the talent of our next generation of programmers, just a little bit of time on organizations and sites like this can help pass on the knowledge that you have and the experience that you've gained from your programming. Have more money than time? That's what crowdsourcing is for. There are countless people out there looking to bootstrap their own educations. Spending a little time on these sites or just paying attention to your Twitter feed, you will find lots of people and organizations that you can impact. And I included a cat picture, so I think that means that the talk is done. Thank you.


Γεια σας, είναι Vicky, και είμαι πρόκειτα σε το τελευταίο my fun week, φίτιατας Πένι Βλάκ. Τώρα θα χρησιμοποιήσω αυτό το αδορυμό στάνπι. Αυτό είναι called Together, και θα χρησιμοποιήσω το μεγάλο φαρά. Θα χρησιμοποιήσω ευκαιρία να στάνπω μου φαρά, γιατί θα κάνω ένα επαγγένιο λόγο. Τώρα θα χρησιμοποιήσω αυτά τα εμπορία, χρησιμοποιήσω ένα επαγγένιο λόγο, but you need to have in mind that doing black embossing on white cardstock can be very tricky because all those little particles of the embossing powder stick just stick everywhere so it's a good idea to have a soft brass close by if you need to clean up some areas like I am doing here and also you should remember to use your embossing paddy that removes static electricity from your paper and it will help your embossing powder to stick only where it's supposed to now I am using my scissors to cut out the inside of that flower and that was a kind of tricky but I managed to do that finally and just to make sure that it looked perfect I am going around the inside of this circle with a black marker For colouring my image I decided to go with my spectrum noir markers these are alcohol markers and I'm not doing any crazy colouring just like always I am just going to be using two different shades of the same colour for each area so I am going to be using two reds lighter and a darker one for the hearts and then two different yellow shades for the leaves and the stem You will see a full list of all the supplies that I am using including the colours that I have used for colouring my image on my supply list You can find the supply list just below the video in the description area as well as on my blog so you see that I am not doing any crazy colouring I just like doing all the colouring quickly when I am using my alcohol markers but you will see how easy it goes when you try to blend those spectrum noir colours So I am applying first the lighter colour and then with the darker colour I am just touching at the base of the leaf and blending it with my lighter colour So you can see that I am doing shading by using just two alcohol markers I am also going to use an orange marker for the inside of the flower Now I needed some pattern paper to cover up that hole on the centre of my flower so I decided to go with this basic pattern paper pad This is kind of an old paper pad but I will try to find out if it is still available and link you to the supply list Now I have decided to go with this Chevron pattern and I am also using the same red marker that I used for my hearts I am just colouring an area on a white cardstock which I am going to punch out some hearts with my heart punch Now I am going to create a shaker card today but instead of adding microbeads or sequins inside that window I decided to go with punched hearts I am following the steps for creating my shaker card so first I am sticking a piece of acetate at the back of my window I have also added some foam tape at the back and I am going to place it on top making sure that I trap those hearts inside that window For my sentiment I will be using the stamp that says lots of love and I am going to emboss it again with black embossing powder And also this is when I decided that my top right corner had a lot of blank space so that I decided to stamp a cute little butterfly from the same stamp set And again I am going to emboss it with black embossing powder since this is how I did the whole card Of course you can go ahead and stamp the sentiment, the butterfly and everything at the beginning when you do the embossing for the flower But I didn't know where I was going with that card at that stage so I haven't pre-planted anything Now I am using again the same colors for coloring my butterfly just adding some finishing touches with my white gel pen My card today is going to be a top folding card that's 4.25 x 5.5 I am going to add a panel that has green stripes and on top I am going to stick the window So just as a finishing touch I am adding my Wink of Stella glitter pen on the hearts as well as on the butterfly and the little ladybug That was the card for today, I hope you had fun and got inspired And if you did don't forget to leave me a comment as well as give me thumbs up on my youtube channel Here are some close up photos of the card And if you need more inspiration here are two more Valentine's Day cards that I created using penny black products Thank you all for watching!


The incidence rate of interstitial lung disease, ILD, has increased significantly in the United Kingdom and the European Union since 2001. However, the mortality rate has decreased in most countries, suggesting improved diagnosis and treatment of ILD. This article was authored by Justin D. Salciccioli, Dominic C. Marshall, Richard Goodall, and others.


And then you get to another starting running back that's going earlier than the fifth round, way earlier than the fifth round, and has his own injury issues. And that's Jared McKinnon, right?  And I understand why. We've been waiting for this guy to be a bell cow since he entered the league.  You can say he's been tight-casted because of his body shape, but Latavius Murray at times last year from Minnesota was simply better. Now, Jared McKinnon, I said before, you follow the money, gets paid in San Francisco. But that first preseason game, he already goes down. But in his defense, so did Matt Breida and so did Joe Williams. But as time the season starts, Jared McKinnon should be healthy. But for how long? Frank, I know that you have said on our shows multiple times, you think Matt Breida may be the breakout guy in San Francisco. Not necessarily Jared McKinnon and not necessarily at his draft stock. When I told you over the weekend, hey, I almost drafted Jared McKinnon, you said, quote, why, Greggy, why? And to me, the price was good, but do you not believe in this guy at all? I'm just, I'm worried about what we've seen from him in years past. I know people want part of the Kyle Shanahan offense. They want the running back in this offense. He's going to catch passes out of the backfield. I think Jared McKinnon can do that, but are you going to pay a second, third round value for a guy? I think he's just past catching running back. Yes, they paid him, but they still do have Matt Breida on this team as well. They signed Alfred Morris. They've been using Jeremy McNichol's first team in practice as well. We saw him in that first pre-season game. He did not look good, to be fair, not really, no running back for the San Francisco 49ers looked great. But we're not going to see him again throughout this pre-season process. You're going to use a third round pick for a guy that we really haven't seen much out of. I just, I'm not buying it. He hasn't been efficient at the NFL level.  He outperformed Jared McKinnon last year as purely between the tackles runner as the pure running back. I think Jared McKinnon catches the ball out of the backfield. I'm not paying a early third round price tag, late second round price tag on a guy who I think is not going to hold up and be the workhorse running back for the team. And I think it makes a lot of sense. I don't think you can rely on him, certainly not at that ADP.