Thank you for the introduction and thank you for the invitation to speak here in what looks like it will be a really really great conference. So I have no special stories about Godman because I never met him but I just wanted to say that I heard his name before hearing about Automorphic Form because when I was 18 so I was a really young student and one of my math teacher was just telling me that the best lecture she ever had in algebra was Godman's lecture and she just said that I should go and read this cours d'algebra and so I opened it and when I was 18 and I didn't understand a lot of what was going on in there so that was kind of my first real contact with algebra but it didn't prevent me to go further. So that's all for the Godman part. So today I will report on a joint work with Auguste Hébert which is just there about Iwari Hecker Algebra and Mazur for Split Casmoudi Groups so it has very little to do with Automorphic Forms I'm sorry but the motivation comes from reductive groups so maybe I should start with an introduction so everything started when Auguste advisor Stéphane Gausson asked me one day whether I've ever read about Schneider and Stuller's papers and if I think that it may apply to Casmoudi Groups so I could answer the first question that I read Schneider and Stuller's paper but that I had no idea but what was the Casmoudi Groups so I wouldn't be very helpful so maybe I should recall what is in this paper so I will not recall everything just what was interested Gausson at that time so here the let me say the motivation comes from Schneider and Stuller in the 97 papers in the Publication Mathématiques de l'IHS so in this paper starting from a smooth representation let me say irreducible even if we don't need this a smooth representation of G which is the f-point of a connected reductive group so here G will be connected reductive defined over f and f is a non-archimedeon local field resistive field okay so positive characteristic p so starting from such representation so it's complex representation which is not usual in my work but here I am so starting from such a representation they attach to this coefficient system so a G-equivariant coefficient system on the Brattitz building to this from this G-equivariant coefficient system they get a factorial way to get projective resolution of pi and so basically what Gausson was interested in is trying to see whether if now we don't take a connected reductive group but a Casmoudi group so maybe a split Casmoudi group can we to such representation attach such resolution and here just the two first question I had on the top of my head without knowing anything about Casmoudi groups where okay do we know what is a smooth representation and do we have some she something that would behave like Brattitz building for Casmoudi groups because if you know a little bit about Casmoudi groups you know that under some in some in some settings you can attach to them a pair of twin buildings but not one building and well it's not very convenient in this setting but here why Gausson has this is that with Rousseau they build something that could replace this Brattitz building which is called a mazure so I will come on this a bit later just because it's a bit fun why did they call this mazure because as you will see it's well it's like a building but it's really really crappy and it's very not convenient you really don't want to live in there so that's why you call like this okay so the two brown underlined words are really what we will start from to explain how how we arrived to Iwori Heckelgebra so of course they didn't know what smooth representation were and it was even worse so just phrase it like this so maybe okay let me just say it to say that Pi is smooth means that any vector has open stabilizer in G by representation of G so here you have some topology of G that is appearing meaning that you have to know what is an open an open subgroup of G and if you go a little bit further and are kind of more optimistic you can modernary do we have let me say a nice topology on G so in the Kasmo G setting that gives back so when I say the usual it's really the topology of G of f coming from f like when you used to work with when you work with reductive group with periodic groups should I say so the usual topology when G comes from so in the in the reductive case so I will be more specific on this later but I maybe I can already do a little spoiler here the answer is no so far we don't have such a topology so about smoothness it's okay a bit tricky so we were kind of okay let's not talk about smoothness for now and maybe focus on the the other part and the having the other part so when you have this generalization of what is building which is this mazer this mazer you can also define HECA algebras so not as many HECA algebras as we have in the reductive case but at least two main HECA algebras so first the spherical HECA algebra so basically just think of this as the convolution of algebra of a bin variant function under the integral integral points of G and the classical HECA algebra so I will explain a bit more about this later but just to kind of point out what we did with august so Gausson Rousseau and the Bardipence and other people I will mention later they managed to define such algebras and to check that when you work with reductive groups you really got back the algebra you used to but the thing that so in the in the in the spherical case here Gausson and Rousseau managed to prove that we have an isomorphism between this spherical HECA algebra and the same analog of what you got in the reductive case using satake isomorphism and here well if you believe in the fact that you want to generalize what happened in the reductive case then you should have the center of this algebra being isomorphic to this spherical HECA algebra and one thing we check is that well if you take this construction it doesn't work it's not true so starting from this we'll build another Iwori HECA algebra and this will be the third part of my talk that really again kind of generalize what happened in the reductive groups case and which moreover satisfies this analog of Brunstein theorem okay so that's kind of the motivation introduction so maybe kind of a summary of what we did so far and then I'll go into more precise notation definition and statements so first thing is that we prove that we cannot let me say mimic what exists in the reductive case to get a topological group when when ecology is cosmodine on reductive we showed that the center of this Iwori HECA algebra is too small and sometimes it's really really small like it's just colors and I think we built a completed Iwori HECA algebra which satisfies an analog of Brunstein theorem meaning that the center is really isomorphic to the spherical HECA algebra okay so this is what I want to discuss if I have enough time I will discuss another construction we did that gives more brings more HECA algebras in the game more in what already exists in the reductive case but only if I have time so this is all in a in our joint paper so if you want to check this okay so now so maybe if you want the introduction is the first part and this is the second part so maybe I want to recall very very briefly what are a cosmodine algebra and how you attach to this following tits construction cosmodine groups so here I've used this paper of Bertrand Remy in Asterix so it's Asterix number 8082 in French but everything is really really really well explained so if you have any kind of requirement on that part I really recommend that you read that that paper okay so first definition so here I'm sorry I will go with a bunch of notation and definitions which will not be the funniest part of the talk but it's really really necessary um so what we call a casmudi data so it's really like in the in the reductive case that you would have a tuple of data and you will attach to them some kind of combinatorial and geometric objects and so it's just a tuple of five elements and where the notation are really the usual ones so you have two models roots core roots so indexed by a finite group by a finite set so a here will be just generalized carton matrix x and y free z model of finite rank data dual from each other so the duality map is part of the data alpha i are elements of x these are the roots and the alpha tch i and y it's the core root and okay let me really loosely say they are compatible with a meaning that the coefficient of a are given by the duality between alpha a and alpha tch g for a g okay so if you have such a data as in the reductive case you can define an apartment you can define by groups you can define other things so in particular to such a tuple so you can define the model apartment as usually is just the scalar extension of y to r so i will denote it by curly a so there will be many a's okay um so all the alpha i now can be seen as linear form on a just by duality so using this remark i can define automorphism of a so it's a reflection formula as usual so you take an element v of y and you map it on v minus alpha i i'm always mistaking the v alpha i tch so here you're still in in a and you then can define the vectorial veil group so it's the veil group but we like to refer it as a vectorial one because of this construction it's just a group generated by all these r i's in gla and um okay should i make the remark now yes okay um note and it's really important uh saying that wv is finite is the same so when okay maybe uh i'm coming no i will say this later when you have defined g and then i will make this remark um so we also have an assigned veil group and an order so i mentioned here the existence of this defined veil group so we will not explicitly see it appear in what we we will see today but it's really related to this euoraheca algebra it allows you to get a presentation of this euoraheca algebra for instance um it's just a usual way to define it you just uh semi-direct pro let's go ahead and qch qch is just the core root that is okay um okay and the thing is that when you got such data you can follow what it's did and you get a function so there is currently g so it defines above on the category of rings has value in the groups okay um i will be really slowly here um so attach to s satisfying so there are nine axioms the cosmology groups axioms and uh determine by its value and when i say that we consider split cosmology groups it means that the group we are considering are f values of g for f being a field okay so split cosmology group so everything i wrote up there is just about split cosmology groups uh you can work in more general setting what we did really work for split cosmology groups and i don't want to go further now uh if you have more question on this i think uh it should wait a bit later um so it's then g of f with f field and g like this okay um and here well the first motivation was when f was a non non-argumentary local field of finite crusade you feel as usual so maybe i can give an example so that you see that it's not that bad so for instance we have the so-called a fine sln uh if you consider just the function that takes a ring and map it to sl and plus one of r of t t minus one okay um then this cosmology okay well i don't need the code and it's an an instance of a fine cosmology group if we want to go into details but anyway just to say that well it's not kind of if you look at this it's not so different from the group i was used to work with like pietic groups or everything but a little bit okay um maybe some remarks here so first thing i was i started to work earlier so um if you start so you have this cosmology group so if you take a split cosmology group so here you put a field here for instance and you look at the corresponding uh for instance veil group here um saying that w v so the vectorial by group is finite is the same as saying that g is reductive so that's why in the second the results we got with ever most of the time you will see when w v is infinite infinite because when it's finite well it's reductive case and people already worked on this okay um another remark which really shows the difference with usual reductive case that in in general so you have obviously no forms here alpha i then you can look at the intersection of the kernels and it's what is called the in and social in and send inessential part of the apartment and this is non-zero and this really brings trouble when you want to look at this uh building construction as you will see in a moment okay um um are there any questions so more definitions so the second part is about i will i called it filters and and measure so uh i will say it now so if you really want a precise um so the the English term for measure is hovel but the mathematical uh that notion corresponding is a fine ordered hovel order to find so there are extra conditions like you can define more generally what is a hovel and then if you had this condition you have this measure here and this measure really should be seen as the corresponding the corresponding object for casmody groups as brought to the building or for connected reductive groups okay so here the the point is not to do a lecture on filters and measure everything just to show you that it's really really more crappy than in the reductive case so uh for instance i will start with kind of nice definitions so we have uh for instance we have as in the reductive case we have victorial chambers so here there will just be of the form so you can have a sign but even if you don't care about the sign it will be complicated you just start from the fundamental chamber you take an element of the victorial value group and you make the second one act on the first one so this is just the fundamental chamber like all the elements on which all the alpha i's are positive so so far it's not very complicated um we also have victorial faces so um basically the same kind of construction you take an element of the fail group and you will take some part of e and look at elements that vanishes uh when indexes by g and are positive when not indexed by g so here we have w w v and for g included in e you just set this it's vanishing only positive otherwise so if we could just use this well we would just have buildings and everything will be fine but the thing is that we can't just use those um maybe i will recall that the tits cone so it's this quality so it really plays an important role in what we do here it's just the union of basically all the image of this fundamental the closure of the fundamental chamber by the action of the veil group and the thing is that um this tits cone here can contain well infinitely many copies of this closure which is not the case in general okay because here w v can be infinite um and it's one of the reason not the only one but one of the reason why when you really want to have the corresponding object you can't just work with this vectorial object but you have to go to filters so more precisely what will be uh a face a facet um of let me see the measure measure to be because i haven't defined it yet so it will be uh indexed by some element of the apartment and some vectorial face like this and it will be the germ such a sector okay so this is a sector so it's again filters so it's a filter it's a set of it's a set of set that satisfies some inclusion condition i mean not aiming to make the the thing maybe here i can okay maybe i can just say that uh germ if you take any of any x in a and any omega containing it this will just be the set of all the subsets a that contains a neighborhood of x in w in omega i said w in omega okay um so this is definitely not as nice as all the things here it's really a filter it can be really really big um and well there's no nice topology on that kind of thing and so you really have to try to figure things out um maybe what i can say is that for instance uh in the build brettitz theory you're used to the fact that well locally you have finally many chambers and everything's going well here even even for a really really nice group as a sl2 a fine sl2 you can have infinitely many chambers uh even locally so it's it's a really a mess but anyway even if it's a mess um um what gosson rousseau so i will put three names here i'm saying gosson rousseau rousseau and ebert so gosson rousseau they define the the measure they say okay we can build something that will generalize what is building rousseau made the whole axiomatic saying okay it's really behaving the same way like you have five axioms and it's really the counterpart and ebert proved that well among these five axioms there are a few of them you can exchange for one axiom which is really nicer to work with so we have an axiomatic um attach to a and wv a set currently called the measure attached to a and okay and i i phrase it like this because really this construction only depends on the fact that you take an apartment and a vial group for something that would behave like a vial group so in particular you can start from g in particular one can consider to a cosmology group i mean here it attached to its good datum the boldface is the same as the curly a and uh wait wait wait i've changed your notation yes this is this a here sorry thank you um can i do this the curly a is a bold a it's more used to this sorry um it's because here usually the curly is covering by apartment of the building and it's it's really the same here you have this set uh and part of the data is also a covering by apartment which are sets that have a structure isomorphic to this a here so it's really the the same thing as in the relative case okay um and okay i said it several times but i never said it when j is reductive we recover and really one not a pair or anything okay and this measure here is really at the heart of the construction uh of these two algebra here so it's a lot of work done by all these people so i will not resume everything in two minutes but maybe i can before going further i can define some groups that are of specific interest when one are interested in smooth representations um so starting from a face having a vectorial direction fv you can consider its point wise stabilizer which will basically only depend on fv but i will just note it uh f like this okay so stabilizer under the action of g on i so maybe let me uh make it if not yet really clear so from now on i really fix a split-cast moody group so i'll just look at g of f for f even a local non-archimedean field uh i consider the measure attached to this group and so the group acts on this on its measure and under this action i can look at the facet at the face and look at its point-wise stabilizer it's kf and this kf here well if you think that what's happening in the brettitz building theory it's kind of parahoric subgroups and well for the nicest one of them they are open compact and they are really used to define this spherical hickory algebra and eowory hickory algebra so the question here maybe example just so that you see that it's really the nice objects we we expect to so if you for instance look at the subgroup coming from the just the the origin of the of the measure you just have the the integral point okay so this well you want it to be a maximal open compact if you can make this happen okay um another case if when you look at the fundamental chamber where you have what uh bar di porso gousson and rousseau called an eowory subgroup because it's really okay i would love to write it e but i already have a e so i will just not do it but it's really the eowory subgroup you get when you're in the redix setting really just the point-wise stabilizer of this chamber here this fundamental chamber and if you start from this k not here you will get the spherical hickory algebra so i will be a bit um so it would be correct but a bit vague like you just look at the invariant function under k k not here that is k um well not really on j but it's on something a bit smaller and if you look at this then you can see that you have a convolutionalgebra and this really gives you back the spherical hickory algebra in the reductive case so that's what gousson also did to be really really complete i should say that uh there are also a work of bravaman cashdan and pat naik but it's under a little bit more restrictive assumptions like they assume the group to be split and twisted and fine i think so in this setting so bravaman cashdan and pat naik they also have this spherical hickory algebra but gousson and rousseau went a bit further because they do this in full generality for nica smoothie groups and they got this satakai isomorphism also and if you start from this iwo horrisome group then so again under the same assumption bravaman cashdan and pat naik and on the other hand so in full generality bar dipens gousson and rousseau they define this iwo hickory algebra that we will really be interested in from now on um and again you can see this as a convolutional algebra of um i invariant i b invariant function but you have to be a bit careful because to define this convolution product you have to go in a bigger algebra okay you have to go in a Bernstein-Loustich algebra what you don't need to do in the reductive case but in the kasmody groups we have to go into a bigger algebra so that this convolution predict a priori is well defined and then you show that you really stay in this set what's make turns it into an algebra okay um so here kind of the naive hope was well maybe we can put a topology on j such that this would be well at least this one would be open compact maybe maximal and maybe this one would be at least open and the first result we have with hiver is that this cannot happen so this is a consequence of something a little bit more general that I would state now so um so we assume the vectorial by room is infinite otherwise we're in the reductive setting and well we already know what's happening in this case um we take f type zero facet so what does it mean to be type zero just mean that all the vertex are in the w v orbit of o complicated then there is no topology on j such that k f is open compact okay so in particular there is no topology on j such that this k not which is k s or this k c v f maybe open compact so it was well it was a bit um not disappointed because we didn't know what to expect but it was kind of a bit frustrating because we were already like okay if we have this then we can make compact induction on everything so now we have to be a bit more careful um but then we say okay if this smoothness thing doesn't work now maybe we can see whether this hacker algebra are the kind of reasonable hacker algebra and here we had another surprise so maybe I should start another part here so we say okay well we have this e-worry hacker algebra let's try to compute its center so the the goal was to see whether is isomorphic to the spherical hacker algebra that I don't like this so maybe from now on I will just put these two notation here I will try to stick to them until the end and um so by Gosar and Rousseau we know that uh there is a sataki isomorphism here that says that this spherical hacker algebra is um the fixed point in a so-called logenga algebra so I will define this okay I will tell you precisely what are these objects here um but what you have to notice here is that this element can have um infinite support I mean they can have infinitely many non-zero coefficient okay if you think about them as a formal series uh it can have infinitely many non-zero coefficient and the thing is that unfortunately in this e-worry hacker algebra that cannot happen so more precisely what we proved here I will put this as a proposition so the center is isomorphic so it's so these two things are sub as as part of y okay but um it's very explicit I mean you can compute this but what you have to remember from this is that here you have finite support I mean you only can have uh uh finitely many non-zero coefficient while here you don't uh and in particular config to h and I mean it's even worse than that in the sense that well there are some instances of g such that here you just have columns you just have c okay um okay maybe uh what I will do in this part here I will write everything over c because the main motivation was complex representation but it works in a modern setting like if you take a ring here that contains some z brackets sigma sigma prime with sigma and sigma prime mean parameters for heck algebra then it's really working well too so you don't have to stick to complex theory so here the the question was okay is this uh this result just say that in some sense this e-worry hacker algebra is too small um but if you think a bit about it it's not that surprising because as I said earlier in this mazur well you have infinitely many chambers and this is very good being infinite you can well say that maybe finiteness is too strong and maybe you want almost finiteness and this is uh whatever yeah still have to whatever we discuss now so I I said that I will tell you what is this so I will do it this now okay so um the first definition so if you start from a subset of y you will say it's almost finite if the following condition holds so if there is so I don't know finite subset uh let me call it j such that and I'll have to write the condition correctly can I ask a very stupid question what what is c of y and double square that's what I will define that the point of this part is to define this object here it is loy jenga algebra so it's in a paper of long jang yes here you mean yes so that one I will define it here that the point of all this section is to tell you what is this is and then to explain why we made a bigger algebra to see this happening okay um so this is this condition here which is that if you take an element of this subset then uh you can always dominate it by an element of a finite set so here this domination thing um it's a preorder on the building and it just means that nu minus lambda is with positive coefficient you can always write this as a linear combination of coroutes and what you want is that all the coefficients are positive okay and having this so there is a lemma bearing it's a technical lemma but it helps to make sense of the next definition if you take e and almost finite subset of y then for any e prime so here no condition and e prime there is a finite part g of y such that the intersection of e and e prime is included in finitely beneath translate of this kuchach plus here this is so this um this tells us in some sense that okay it's not finite but if you look in finitely many slices that may be infinite then you can manage to make things work and now what is this uh seedable bracket here so so a priori is just the set so uh it's formal series so index by y as you can guess so what do you assume here so you want that this family here so it's a part of y and you want it to be almost finite okay so when i say this it's it's support like the set of lambda such that a lambda is non-zero is almost finite okay and this e lambda is just a family of symbols that are multiplicative symbols like what you want for basis you want that a lambda times a mu is a lambda plus mu for any lambda and the lujanga theorem says so that's what it's called so you can really define a structure of algebra on this okay so it's an inventionist 61 if you want the full reference um this is an algebra a complex algebra here but again you don't really need to be overseas you can be over any kind of beginner frame okay and um similarly one can define so following the same model lujanga algebra for y plus and for y plus plus and i should tell you who these people are so here y plus it's just the trace of y on the tits cone and y plus plus it's even smaller it's a trace of the closure of the fundamental chamber so again just want to here that would be finite if you were the reductive case here you have an essential inessential part so you have to be careful but anyway you can define the same thing and again you can have two algebras like this that will be sub algebras of this big one and what we proved so maybe i will just give you the statement that interests me that uh so we proved that um so here now you just look at the action of w v on y and you look at elements that are invariant under this action what means just that here if you take a lambda or aw.lambda it's the same thing just usual action so if you look at this object there what you can prove what we prove is that actually it's embedded in this thing here so it's not that big i mean everything is in the positive part everything in the tits cone which was not obvious at all at first so uh if you take the w v invariant in this algebra it's contained so actually we proved something a bit stronger but i just need this here okay because actually what we did is that we said that okay we know how to describe this in terms of support in terms of these coefficients and in particular this prove that this is true but having this we can define this combinated algebra contained or there is a monomorphism so there is there is a monomorphism actually i mean it's really so actually we have a bijection which is compatible to the algebra structure and in particular this is but here i phrase it like this because what we are really interested is this support condition i mean we really want to have control on when this coefficient does or doesn't vanish and that's why i just need this here so i've completed so i couldn't say the completed e-woaric algebra because so far we just have one e-woaric algebra um so uh in spite with this almost finite subset things we defined a notion of almost finiteness in y times w v okay so a subset e w v times y plus is almost finite so here we have a very strong condition on the w part so this condition is a finite test condition so what do you want is that the state of w's that may show up in the in the in this subset uh so so you want this one to be finite and for such any such w you want this corresponding set of element in y plus to be almost finite and i can write it like this because sometimes it's just empty okay so almost finite uh as here up there you can do the same for y plus and now we can so we define a set and we prove that this set is not just a set it's an algebra and it's kind of the right algebra so finally so we let h not be at the set okay maybe i should write it like this of elements um so it's formal series really really formal here so here just a notation for now i would just say what on this later uh so with the set here being almost finite as which has been defined here okay so here a pre-regis symbol but uh in reality what we do here is that uh we see this in the again a bigger algebra Bernstein-Loustich completed Bernstein-Loustich algebra uh where we have bases defined from such symbols and we say okay let's look at just this formal thing and what we prove and it's well one of the hot part of the thing okay maybe um yes it's just this one is just the first thing this h-hot is is actually a convolutional algebra in which this e-wall-hacker algebra defined by Bardi-Pence-Gousson and also naturally embeds so it's a for thing it wasn't easy because you really have to i mean we have really an explicit formula for this convolution product but you have to okay check that it's well defined and then check that everything's all fine and well it's a bit tricky and then the uh uh maybe i can say something further here so it naturally embeds as the sub-algebra of elements with finite support okay so this kind of shows up again that it's really a bit too small and the main point in some sense the center of this algebra is isomorphic to the spherical hacker algebra so we really have this analog of what is happening in the reductive case and well just as a by-product the center of this e-wall-hacker algebra that was built earlier is just that it's really just a trace of the center of this completed algebra in the e-wall-hacker algebra okay so just two consequences and then i i think i will just stop here maybe a first remark so in the reductive case again these centers will be the same but it doesn't mean at all that the algebras are the same i mean in the reductive case we don't need that algebra here and you can define it but it's really really really big i mean you can have elements with infinite support even in the reductive case the second thing and maybe i'll stop here then is that in the reductive case think you know that the e-wall-hacker algebra is a finite type as a model of its center here if you look at this completed e-wall-hacker algebra then it's kind of obvious that it will not be of finite type of over its center so it's something really much more ugly in some sense but you really need all this element in there if you want to really generalize what's happening on the reductive case okay now thank you for your attention you have some application of the existence of this some applications not yet not yet i mean we just work this out but i mean now the idea is trying to understand what are the models on this and maybe try to see whether it's the way you get what's happening from the reductive case or not because this one here again looks a bit too small to have enough models for instance but it's really in progress so if you allow can you have vanishing from this i'm not sure i mean when you compute this convolution project you may have a theory but no maybe because of this um maybe because of this condition i mean so how do you prove that this is well defined that you have kind of an argument like the argument Zoggle used in a different context saying that at some point you will have one coefficient only that can vanish if you take the support which is empty and maybe using the same kind of arguments we could have some integrity here but uh have nothing about it so does it have an interpretation as a that's the hope that's really hope so the okay my motivation behind all this is that trying to have some compact induced thing like saying okay it's the undermorphism algebra of something that i would like to call the compact induced representation of the trivial character this one well it's not fully written yet but basically does but that one we don't know yet thank you


we're going to try and get all that render off and get that lintel taken out and replaced with that keystone oh yeah there you go 2.4, 2400 and here's our lintel look at that, yep, far and whole, wait a minute it would have missed, look like stuck in all right it's um Thursday the second second of September the autumn's here there's Alex we're back at this job the lintel job we did this lintel job all finished and I've been doing some repointing, we've ground out up to the lintel height got that bunch of yesterday still got down here to do and all this section here but Alex did me today to get this lintel done that lintel up there where he is we're going to try and get all that render off and get that lintel taken out and replaced with that there you go 2.4, 2400 that's today's job and then this afternoon we'll take the echoes back and try and find some bricks to match the back of the house which we're struggling with because it's an extension and this is 65mm so another nightmare brick match but um yeah this is today we're going to cut out a couple of slots below the scaffold and put strong boys in the wall like we do normally so we can prop above there's not a lot to prop above but um we've still got to prop it so we'll um get up there and get cracking there we have it render's been relocated to there from there bottom bit came out pretty easy because the lintel's starting to rust so obviously it's moved a bit but this top bit was an absolute nightmare to get off it's weird brick and edge so if that's if that's right the brick and edge then these ones are going to come out nice and easy because the ground will go right through we just need to tune out for the uh for the lintel seating and the cavity tray we already have a good cavity tray in the one downstairs is okay so we'll just utilise that and customise it as we need to there you can see the there's the lintel funny because it's rusted under the cavity tray but um anyway yeah so tips for when you've got a rusted lintel a crack here at the side of your window cracking and orange stains on your windows is is an absolute guarantee sign you've got rust because the rust runs down the window and stains it you can see it there on that trim yeah so this is part of my um tip video for how to tell you if you need a new lintel or not we're putting that out soon yeah so it's all off for break time anyway Alex is doing a bit of patching on the back which we need to sort the bricks out for and then it's a time of time let's get these echoes put in and get this knocked out after a break right brew time over i'm going to get on these two planks now and get us two holes ground out for the accros and the strong boys to go on so we'll do that now that was bloody hairy oh here's Alex the next one let's get it off him there we go we're propped there's no exactly a lot of weight on top of this one but we've got the accros in down to the strong boys there which are fixed in the wall i keep meaning to try those expansion things that tim marg I think he's telling us about but i think if we're using them here they just push the brickwork off the design to put pressure on the brickwork so it won't drop but with this being top of the pike i'll just push it over i think so this has to do so we have it is brick and edge so these are going to come out quite easy now so they're all loose so let's get this all out get this lintel back in this good lintel to get a truck on you damp into there just to give it extra uh yeah so you see the lintel not so bad i'm doing it's only on four inch quick to crack the lintel under it and we will if you've waited a long time towards this side of the house and i think it starts to get pretty nasty look at that let's get this other end out and we can start getting ourselves organized is he cracking it yeah how's the lintel under not so good all right how's it being done for the trailer but there's the water getting into the mouth there the water was to be coming down just running back under all right max underneath that lintel to go back all sorted trace a bit short that end there's a bit long that end still attached we'll just cut it off there for our upstand and here's our lintel that's been doing the damage that's why the rusts here this is mainly eating this end not too bad but it's definitely ready for replacement before this gets rendered otherwise you're entering it twice then because it's it's on its way out so let's get get this down get the new one up and get it all packed up ready to go we can actually reuse the tray that's in we don't have to replace that or change it in any way i might just put a little piece extend it there multi-tool and tuck it in underneath there get an upstand on there that's that's very rare we can reuse the tray again that's in perfect condition let's get this lintel out when i drop it's going to fall and it's going to fall it's tube i should imagine so yeah that whatever that is it's not coming off we've tried everything to get it off so giving up left it on as you can see lovely condition you've only stayed like that way up towards which is towards the middle of the house probably five seven eight mil it's probably not and that was underneath the cavity tray which weird the tray came over the top of that and it's gone underneath yeah so it's knackered so before um the tray gets its plastering to redo this okay render it we're going to um get this new one in get it all nice and safe so this is going down there it's going the easy way wait a minute it would have missed look like it's stuck in let's get all the chills out of the way if you slide it up the lad right i can just take it off here i said i was going to give me feedback they have to say i couldn't hear them he said um he said i totally agree with you mate but it's out of my hands not me my decision but obviously it's the same it must be frustrating for them as well yeah so what's the news on the brakes he said come in ask the craig and i'll sort them out for you is that today yeah thank you very much i appreciate it i appreciate it so then i'll apologize to you when i see you face to face just uh sorry for that but you understand it's very frustrating i'm not out of order saying that am i wasn't rude do you want this piece of uh need this insulation be on here uh there's a bit of insulation in well no three but we've got to go off to Wigan now to the brick store to try and source these bricks i've trouble getting all in today so there we go bitwork reinstated block working you'll notice the block work steps back there the reason being um this has been bit with brick on edge so obviously it's either 75 or 85 mil so there's no way i could get the lintel back far enough to build it to build it like that 100 mil block but um there's still there's still plenty for the k-rend this just there's just new building out level um yeah plaster has got an easy job because uh we've knocked all the crap off for it the skip's going tomorrow so we did that while the skip was here yeah um reap vents are in loose so that the uh whatever renders it can put them in position and then cut them off you know spider moving around it's never been in it that way and that one's uh that one's got a normal dent in it that's got a tray up stand on it this end hasn't the reason being we'd have had to take more brick work out which we couldn't get at to take out so we couldn't put an up stand on it but i'm not bothered about that it's not going to come to any harm under this what is it 300 mil nearly facial board soft it it's took right underneath it's never going to get any water in there so um i'm quite happy with that set the way it's turned out first fence in there and the tray goes right to there we've extended the tray past the lintel so everything's all sorted your mom's down there somewhere just tidying up before we go and then we're back tomorrow so i'm going to carry on with the pointing tomorrow and alex is going to go around the back do the patching and have a good tidying up windows need cleaning we need a trim going on the windows which i think craig's got in the garage i've definitely got one for that window there he is so he's knocked out for tomorrow's job a couple more bricks to take out yet we're going to set a scaffold around there i was about to ask if you went in i'll take you to my bed right i think it's time i show my work so if you recap what i was doing yesterday or last video however died out it's this i've no idea um i was taking out that botched job of a patch up and uh fixing it there's the result the bricks aren't exactly the but uh aren't the perfect match but in terms of color and size this is the best we could possibly do so we had to uh make do with what we've got but it's not uh it's not the worst i mean it doesn't look how it did before that's the that's the important thing right and we're going to reseal it up later but um for the most part that's done and i'm pleased with it at least and my dad did the buff brick for me he went up there and did that while i was doing that so you got that in perfect color match but again discontinued brick very hard to find and here my dad raked out the the cracks in the joints so i re-pointed them up and me and him took out these bricks these ones had a drill hole in it so it was all just full of mortar and uh and uh expander foam so i've uh patched up with two existing bricks so they uh they're a perfect match and this one i again there was a drill hole so i replaced it with one of our bricks that were used over there so blends in a bit better with the rest of it i feel and um yeah i think uh fits all right at least and then i've pointed all the way to the bottom pointed the vents so that's my job done i've tied it up as well all that's been done so uh that's me done i don't know if dad's gonna do a outro for this or not but um if not i'll i'll i'll do the honors take his word for it i'm just trying to do a like comment and subscribe thing smash the like button comment good or bad sometimes i've a laugh at the bad ones with bell sound effect in there from the from the man himself well thank you very much and uh see you in the next section of the video i have no idea how he adds these so until next time right Saturday afternoon just finished now uh been on my own today because it's pointing so we're finished well basically all the browns been pointed today apart from a tiny bit so under the window under the block work down each side all tidied up and i've been up to the top there put the trim above the window and then same here i think 45 mil d so put on both windows all sealed up ready to go so that's me done so this is like a second outro because i was already doing one so you get two outros for the price of one so um yeah don't forget to all the good stuff like comment subscribe follow us on instagram and all that stuff so uh see you on the next one and repatch and um put in more in quality breaking i've just talked a lot of nonsense i don't even know what i've said i'm gonna redo this


Hello, everyone. Good morning. I'm fighting my carry. I work as an ophthalmologist at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. And I'm also associate professor at the London School of Hydrogen and Tropical Medicine. So I would like to share my screen now and Okay, so we're just going to be talking about the improving cataract services issue, which was talking about better access, better outcomes and better value. I will just like to acknowledge two of my residents who I believe thoroughly read the journal and came up with a summary of which this is what I have. I am presenting to you. So the focus of the issue is a balanced approach to outcomes and outlay together with strong partnerships to create a cataract service that puts patients at the centre and deliver eye health for all. And when we talk about partnerships, what are we really talking about? So it's not just about the hospital, because it's patient centres, we need to know what matters to them, ask for their feedback, know what they want. And then the community can also be very useful in terms of service delivery and also in identifying cataract patients because they live among themselves. As well as after care following surgery. Then of course the hospital management where the hub of the service is increasing the scope of sustainable service provision with a balance between income generation and cost containment. So in this issue we talked about how can we balance the two we know that we would like to increase the services but it's always at a cost. The hospital management is always trying to cut cost or at least contain cost. So we need to know how else we can do the income generation and that gives us the sustainable service. Then of course the eye care personnel is very important to the system, the roles, the responsibilities. There has to be respect within eye care personnel and team, and there has to be a transparent and fair human resources policies so the issue talked about this and gave examples of how teamwork can actually increase. So this strong partnerships can help to produce a high volume high quality and affordable cataract surgical service. Okay, so we can't really talk about a cataract service, you know in this day, without talking about effective cataract surgical coverage, which is the ECST it's the new global target recommended by the World Health Organization. And it's not only talking about measuring quantity but also measuring quality. So both are measured in the previous cataract surgical coverage measure, it was just about quantity, how much of people that need cataract surgery actually have it compared to those that need it. In terms of who are the people that have how many people have had cataract surgery and how many people actually need it, including those that have had it and those that haven't had it which is the denominator. So it's not just about numbers. It also increased the, it also stated the visual outcome of cataract surgery as a parameter to consider. And here, there's a cut off point of a presenting visual activity of 612 or better, which is really a high bar in the previous recommendation of what is good outcome is 618 or better. So this is quite a high bar, which means there has to be an improved quality. There has to be increased output. And then of course equitable access. We have to consider children. How do we, how do children access the service and how do women access access the service. Older adults, even though cataract is mostly for adults, but we also need to pay special attention to how older adults access the service and of course people with disabilities. So I'll just mention a few key highlights of how these were discussed in the journal. So there are articles that focused on the patient centered approach and we'll see the article that discussed patient feedback and how that feedback was integrated into the system to improve the service of that hospital. And then the patient reported outcome measures. So we're not always fixated on visual outcome 612. You know, what does that mean to patients and how does that affect their daily living activities. For example, look at the photo I have here, which is out of the journal as well. So acknowledgement to the photo, the journal for the photos. This is just the lady who has had cataract surgery not, I guess it's her first day post up and she's already back to her usual work, and she's happy with it. And then there are, there is an article that also talked about service operational policies being friendly to patients to improve access we have to think about how we can engage patients how we can make them happy in the environment. So there's a so there's a journal article that talks about that. Then of course the focus on patients needs. Then we have a few articles also that talked about teamwork and efficiency, where we have highly organized and efficient team based approach. And that could be in terms of efficient opera operationalization of the system. Like what we see here is the two bedded theater. Even if it's one surgeon, the surgeon can swing quickly between the two tables like finish one before the next one is set up and started on on the second table and before the first table is set up. You know, the surgeon has started on the other table so it's quite efficient. And then we talk about both purchase. This has been, you know, a long term strategy, you put resources together to buy a lot of consumables for example to reduce the cost quality of monitoring and improving the process shifting. This article talked about shifting from it. biometric contact by ultrasound biometric to immersion ultrasound biometric which improves the IO power prediction accuracy and that just changed the outcome of the cataract surgery in terms of, you know, surgery induced refractive errors. Then taken advantage of economies of scale by sharing infrastructure and salary costs between more patients. So this teamwork and these strategies to improve efficiency are all discussed in the journal. And then, finally, it's equitable access is also discussed in the journal. We have to think of how we can address them.  Here we have an example of women by enhancing the experience of care increasing their awareness and reducing their non medical costs because oftentimes when we talk about cataract service surgical service we think of the medical costs, but we do have non medical costs and largely women affected. Then increasing demand and uptake. I think I was glad to see that systematic review showed that outreach cataract surgical services are really still very much needed. And in some communities in some countries, that is what will really scale up demand and also uptake. Then reducing financial barriers which is another key component of cataract surgical service you have to think about multiple sources of funding. So this is it, we talked about all these three important parameters in the journal, the patient approach, the teamwork and increasing efficiency and ensuring equitable access. Thank you very much. Thanks so much. I mean, and hi everyone. Hello from Pakistan. I'm some run I asked me, I'm deeply technical director for our health and effective at airport for your site servers also work very closely with World Health Organization and I a baby in the field of vision care. So referring back to the issue on community engagement that I mean talked about. In this issue we explored why engaging with communities in the work that we do is crucial to ensure access to I care for all. I'm going to share some key learning and messages that emerge from different articles. So, as part of this issue we applied a health system strengthening lens to community engagement and explored what needs to be done to ensure universal I health coverage with a very specific focus on identifying challenges of reaching the most vulnerable population groups. And then how we can work with communities to find the right solutions. The issue also highlighted why it is important for us to involve the community, not only in the design and planning and implementation processes, but also making sure that they are engaged in monitoring the quality and impact of I care interventions. And then their role in advocacy that cannot be underestimated. The choices of making sure that we have the right advocacy messages in place and the chances of advocacy success are always high when communities are part of it and they own it. So we all know that health system strengthening lead to equitable access to I care and one key message from the issue is moving I health for all is critical to making progress towards universal health coverage. This would give access to all individual and communities to the health services that they need, where they need them, when they need them without making sure that without incurring any financial issues. So for this to happen integration of I care in universal health coverage and delivering integrated people centered I care for all is central. So making sure that we apply a health system strengthening framework. That's the way we will be able to address the barriers that we face in terms of inclusive service delivery, I health workforce data and evidence governance and quality of care. The need to embrace technology and innovation is also highlighted and you'll find really good examples about it. That we can learn from and also integrate into our work. The article on demand site financing mechanism also share really good examples and tools that can help us to increase access. While making sure that we are effectively using our resources improving the efficiency of service provider and empowering communities along the way. Next slide please. So there is no doubt that meaningful engagement of communities is really important if you want to maximize the impact of our work and a strong starting point is to better understand what a community needs. And that means including people with disabilities woman and girls and other vulnerable groups. So active and continuous engagement with communities going to help us to understand their need. So we can plan and deliver I care services accordingly. And this then is going to have a ripple effect in terms of generating demand and improving uptake of services and we're going to hear about it from Suresh. Shorty. Social behavior change communication also been identified as a key strategy that support communities to make long term change in their behavior. And that includes how they look after their eye health and how and when they seek I care. So we need to factor that into our work and also make sure that we invest in this area properly. And last but not the least accountability. For us as a sector to be accountable to our respective communities and then also making sure that we empower communities to hold all I care stakeholders accountable including national and local governments. So in some big community engagement and integrated people centered I care has a tremendous potential to ensure equitable inclusive I care that meets the need of our communities. Thank you very much back to you. I'm just looking at you because, you know, the article you wrote for us in the journal and the cat track issue was about taking an eye unit and just completely increasing massively increasing the cat track surgical output and that had so much to do with community engagement. So where, where do you start in practice, you know as an eye health practitioner, which seems like sort of a chicken and egg you need the community to do that I can you need good I get to get the community so where's a good place to start. Yeah, thank you. I mean, no, I completely agree with what Surana said and phase added, you know, the community context is very important. And it is different with different communities. If you're working in a pastoralist area, or in a different area that culture that know the way you address the community the way you reach the community is different. From my perspective to your question, you know, I worked there and I was sharing my experience as about the hospital in Western Kenya, where I worked for six years as a hospital director assigned there. And looking at the potential, the huge catchment area the hospital service and the need around what we did was we looked at two approaches one was institution based that you know the service that we provide at the center for those who come looking for the service at the center, like any other hospital. The second approach was also to reach out to the community 50, 60 hundred kilometers away where the services are not there and we try to address their needs by going out there so the two approach are a little bit different. The hospital based approach worked very well. First, we worked on ourselves on the institution, no building systems, bringing the capacity in terms of looking into our equipment, our staff, our working environment, our patient flow. No, making it trying to make it patient centered from the moment that patients come into the, you know, the compound to be properly communicating with addressing their needs, respectfully, you know, managing them and so on. And improving the efficiency of the system on the ground in a way like where we even went to the level of probably operating patients who have come from far, almost the same day, if they're ready and if they're, you know, preparing them counseling them, because usually we lose patients if we return them back, they put a lot of effort to come from 60 kilometers, you know, a blind, bi-laterally blind person with the help and probably sometimes they come selling their resources and all the cow and returning them back is like sending them or condemning them to not to have service or not to come back and so on. So, we worked strongly in improving the capacity, the systems on the ground, worked on our staff in the way they handle our patients, more effective, efficiently, and not giving appointments.  So, we improved on that and that improved the institution based service, both in numbers, in quality, and in outcome as well. The second approach was, you know, the outreach service that we expanded and there as well is where, especially the community engagement, the community issue comes in. The outreach services usually work strongly if you have people on different communities where you go, people who reach out and who know the community, who know the culture, who know the tradition, who will reach out to them, influence them, that we are coming as a team, there is a service. There should be also a good organization on the ground in terms of, you know, where you do the consultations, where do you do the surgeries, and they're very strong, you know, using local radios, or the churches, the public gatherings and so on, so that they reach out to the people so that people are informed, that there is a good service coming to them, so they benefit from that. That is an important component of the outreach service, good mobilization, sending out good information. And then again, still your quality of service provision, you shouldn't be minimizing it as much as possible, the quality or the standard of service that you have been offering at your center. You still keep that quality. Sometimes when you are out of your center, there are challenges that will hold you back a little bit and so on, but we still try to maintain that quality service and also work with schools, other centers where the operative environment is also good enough, not substandard and so on. So it's mobilization, it's reaching out and working with people, influencing the community on the ground, they can be alliance clubs, they can be community organizations, women's organizations and so on. So we did work with various community level organizations in terms of doing our outreach and reaching out to the needy in the outreach service. So what we did was a little bit different for both aspects of service. Hannah, I was just looking at you, you were involved very much with the community issue and you wrote about the last mile, reaching people at the last mile. And I think that probably dovetails quite well with what Dimitri was saying that having to reach hospitals and centers need to reach right out into the community. So I just wondered if you have some thoughts and thoughts to share and tips and some approaches or principles on that. I think much of what we did has been mentioned, but let me share very practical examples. A lot of us, I mean, we would probably be an ophthalmologist or a nurse at the hospital and I would draw from my own experience of what I had to do in the Gambia. One is to take care of the team at the base hospital and one success factor was to have a person responsible for that community engagement. So we had a nurse who knew the culture and everything concerned with the community to lead on that aspect within the hospital base. And then the second point was to make ourselves understand what the community is. So at the community level, who does the patient go to, who do they consult, what are the systems, what are the traditional. So we educated ourselves first to understand what that's led by this lead person at the hospital. Then we designed a way to contact the community using this person as the lead person. So in bite size, you cannot do the whole country at once. So you would select a geographical area and then use that person to transmit or change or understand what I help in is with the traditional systems, the women's groups, community health workers, just shaking hand and making friends with the community first. So they understand us and we understand them. And we made that the third aspect was that whoever was working at the community, we helped them in a bite-sized way. We understood that they would be taking care of 5,000 population area, so the work is not too much for them. And then the next level would be 10,000. And whatever they were doing, the integration is so important that eye health is not seen as an asylum. It's not seen as whatever else is going on in the community. And because that person is working in all other areas, the success is that if they're talking about the child, they would mention eye health. If they're measuring blood pressure, they would mention. So integrating into whatever they did. So that was to summarize, half the person at the institution who would be responsible have a team. That person, as some runner said, is context familiar, context knowledgeable. And then that person would guide the rest of the team at the main hospital. And then that person would transmit and be a bridge between the institution and the community. When you think of community, most times we think of that last mile, as you say, but the last mile could exist in the prison. The last mile could exist in schools. The last mile could exist in the markets. So that concept of that person who is not being reached is the last mile. And how do you do that? You can integrate eye health into anything they're doing in health, but you can also see them as a resource. So the health system would be a resource. So whatever resource they are using to see the child resource they're using to see the noncommunicable diseases, you would then push in eye health into that. So they use that resource because in eye health, you may not have the resources. But if you piggyback eye health into them, any other program, or any other captive population, we piggyback. And that has to be an objective, a set objective with strategies and plans and people who would be responsible for integrating into those resources. The third resource that is very good is the community development. They are responsible, say, for water or agriculture or nutrition or the non health government system. So integrating into that. I cannot overemphasize the point of the people at the third level or the institution, having a team responsible for making this happen. A bridge person that would link the tertiary to the community and the way of measuring that you're actually being successful in those areas. So apart from measuring the quality and the quantity, let's also have a way within the team of measuring whether we are achieving that last mile, whether we are achieving the integration. So my name is Faith Langat. I work in Tenwick Hospital, Bomet County as a project manager coordinating vision impact projects in Bomet County. Our role is to ensure that we link, we are actually like a bridge between the patient and the healthcare system. So we strengthen the health, the health system, we use the existing health systems at a time base. And we are lucky in Bomet that our community health strategy is very vibrant. We have all the community health volunteers in all the community units. It's well structured, it's well managed, it's well supervised. Such that if you go to a community unit right now and call for the ten community health volunteers, they'll all come. So our role there is to link that to our health. So for example, through the vision impact project, we need screeners and we use community health assistance to screen. So our role here is to ensure that the community health assistance gets the best and very high quality training on identification and prevention and referral of eye problems. Our eye conditions. So we take them through a rigorous three days training on primary eye care and disability included in disability inclusive development training. And we also do a five days training on PIC because this is the system that we use in referral, in identification also in data collection and referral over our patients. So we ensure that they are well trained. We also train them to mentor the community health volunteers because we don't train the community health volunteers. So we train them so that as they work with the community health volunteer, he mentors them so that once they leave, then we have a sustainability plan so that the community health volunteers will also be sensitive that we need to refer patients who have white spots or patients with allergies. Or the teary red eyes or children who have screens, we need to refer them. So, so we ensure that they get good training. We also train or some skills upgrade cost to nurses and clinical officers. This also maintains this with our staff who will work in the dispensaries and health centers. So we take the services closer home to the people. So we also ensure that they also undergo a three months training here in tenor hospital. And by the time they go back to their facilities, they're able to identify treats and also refer cases to either the secondary facility, which is our country for a hospital or to tenor hospital. Now they also, of course, conduct the treatment outreaches together with staff from the county referral hospital and the tertiary facility tenor hospital. So they also conduct the treatment outreaches. So by providing them that quality training, then in the treatment outreaches we don't minimize the chances of missing out on very important here. Critical aspects. Yes. Thank you. I'm so glad you can be with us today as well. That was great. And I think just a very quick question.  It must take a huge amount of energy. So how do you motivate community members, these different volunteers and role players, as Hannah was talking, these different people who are already engaging with communities. How do you get them enthusiastic about iHealth and achieve what you do? Please unmute yourself. There we go. Okay. So for us, iHealth here in Bomet County, it's like something that is new. We know, of course, there is high health, but to the community volunteers, it's something that is relatively programs that have not been done if I can say so. So people are really still very excited, very enthusiastic about it. You teach somebody and already they are saying that they can relate to a person they saw in the community or even their own relatives. So we are not having a bit of a challenge getting them interested. Also in the community, people are really interested. They come in very large numbers to the treatment outreaches. And so it's very important that we maintain very high standards of training, both for the screeners and also for the health staff. Fantastic. Thank you so much, Faith. Brilliant. I'm going to...