Hi, today we're at Creekside Recreation Center to get the most out of our education at a form called School Completion and beyond! So today we're having the School Completion and Beyond Conference, which is organized entirely by leadership students from across Metro Vancouver. And the purpose is really to provide student feedback on the province's new BC education plan. There's nine districts that come together and we have a big student interaction, light atmosphere, friendly chat. So we're really here to promote contacts, promote ideas, and also the minister has taken the time to do a Q&A session with us. So it's a great opportunity for the students of Metro Vancouver to hear directly from the minister about their concerns. Well I'm here today to hopefully make the Lower Mainland and Metro Vancouver a better place to learn for students across the Lower Mainland and to get more students out learning and actually enjoying what they're doing at schools during their time here. I guess today it's almost a bigger scale. We're representing Burnaby now and we're collaborating with Vancouver, North Dan, Delta, and all the other school districts in Metro Vancouver. And I think that's really one of the most important things of this day is that opportunity to share ideas and bring stuff back to your own districts. We had a district showcase. We showed each district what we do in our own districts and range from videos and speeches to websites. And just seeing all the fun things that happen in other districts that we've never done before, it's incredible. Today just talking to other students, I've been amazed at the projects that they have done and the accomplishments they've had and that I never even knew existed. The process itself really brings out the best in our students. It provides them with the opportunity to sound their voice. That process in itself is engaging and engagement is really what this is about. So one of the other really cool things about our school completion and beyond session that's happening today is we actually have a graphic organizer which is here. The product won't be some dry document. It will be a colorful, concise, bold graphic representation of the views of the students. We have an extremely special guest today. So without further ado, please give a warm welcome to Minister of Education, George Abbott. What I will talk a little bit about is I guess how I got here and how the plan got here and then welcome your ideas, your questions and your thoughts on how we might build a better education system for British Columbia. The new education plan that's been proposed is something that has come with a lot of questions, especially from the student perspective. I'm quite happy that the education plan is happening and the points that are hit in it. What's really cool about the plan is that they're talking about personalizing it. We're trying to get students more involved into the education system and just learning about how students can get the most out of their education and specifically supporting them into getting higher rates of graduation. I hope to see a better self-directed learning, a bit more technology in our education system. And it's really great because now we're getting a similar idea and I guess image of what we want to see through the BC education plan. And I feel like that's really great for everyone to have that same image and same goal in mind. Well, it was exciting and fun to come and join whatever 100 or more young people in the room here. I think what we're finding in our discussion of the BC education plan is that we're getting some of our best ideas or most exciting ideas from students. I think a lot of these great ideas that we've received from students are going to be enormously influential in the direction of the plan. Thank you. Thank you for giving us a voice. Thank you.


Okay, and then actual earth plus holding Apple there was a note out with city saying there could be a buying opportunity Yeah, look, I think that all of tech we put out interesting comments today. All of tech is sold off It's a little too early to mount a big rally because the days are long but I Point it point out to people that there are real reasons to own tech And there's real reasons by the way not to own as much oil as we do fractional or put an interesting memo Yesterday, and that's Volvo the Volvo's changed is going all electric reminds you that the future is not gasoline I do believe that the that the oils that we have are the best in a bad neighborhood And I do think that oil inventories tomorrow and the Baker use ring count are going to show that because there isn't enough pipe Out of the Permian a lot of the drilling that's been going on is fruitless You can't transport the stuff anywhere So the Permians almost overloaded the only pipe that still has room is Magellan MMP which we own for action alerts had a very big week last week And I'm watching to see where that stock goes


Hi, welcome to GitLab Commit 2021 and welcome to the platform stage. We are here to innovate together, so we couldn't do this without you. Thank you so much for being here. Now this is the platform stage and GitLab is the DevOps platform, but we will not be talking about ourselves today. We're going to be talking about you because platform is just the beginning of the story. A platform is all about what you do with it. So you build a house on a platform or you launch a rocket ship from a platform or you build really innovative solutions for your customers on a platform and that's what we're going to hear about today. Now on day one, we're going to be talking about the what and the who. What can we measure when we have end-to-end visibility? Who can we involve in the process that we haven't involved before when we have a single place to collaborate? What can we change about the way we work when we don't have to maintain a DIY tool chain? That's day one. On day two, we're going to be talking about the how, how we get started, how we extend that DevOps platform as we grow, how we make it work with existing infrastructure and applications that were already there. Before we get started with the sessions, again, thank you for being here and please interact with your peers, with our GitLab speakers, with our GitLab team members. Please contribute. Please have a wonderful show and thank you very much.


2019, every Marvel film made at least a billion dollars. I think Captain Marvel made a billions and like far from home made a billion. It's like, it's less. It's still a lot of money, but it's less. And that matters to companies like Disney. Yeah, weren't they marketing Dr. Strange as like a tie into no way home at one point? I'm sure they were like... They were trying to make it so well. They're like, oh, well, this is a multiverse as well. The fun fact is that originally, they were the reverse order, right? They were. Yeah, the timeline is supposed to be Dr. Strange first. Yeah, but then all gone shuffled around. Or Ford did about on par with Thor 3, which... About on par? 100 million over 100. There's over a hundred million difference between them. My dude. You count box office numbers like you count calories. I'd say there's an obvious trend happening. Just listen, listen, seven and eight are pretty close numbers. You know, that's like one unit away. Yeah, it's just as long as you were more than many zeros behind them. You saw the M and he got distracted. Think about McDonald's or something like that. A part four and they moved it from November like part three to summer. So worst case read there is that the Thor franchise has a ceiling and it's more of a fall property next. Yes, the full franchise has a ceiling. None of the others do. Yeah, Thor is really, Thor is really a full property thing. Without the yellows and oranges on the trees, I simply can't get immersed in this story. I can't. This is to like this ultimate desperate video to try to exploit away Marvel's failures. It's like, no, it's actually doing great. The interesting thing is the omission of the nuance. Why aren't we talking about the second weekend drop? And that interesting compared to the film's exceeded long term, like the significant drops like I'm pretty sure Avatar had like a pretty low. I think it might have only been like 30%. So like clearly Top Gun had long legs. That was just said it. It's like, I guess he's just highlighted it. There is such a thing at least as Thor fatigue. Yep. How about that Bob? Interesting enough to fill in summer. You know, so full. Yeah, there's just some things you don't do. You don't wear white after Labor Day. You don't see Thor before fall. I mean, everyone knows these rules. It holds our society together. What do you find out with Thor movies coming out?  It's that time of year. Nice. Wow. It's Thor. It's the whole time. Thor season. Finally, it's starting to get a little bit nippy outside. We better go and see Thor inside in the war movie theater. This one is Black Panther 2 in November, which, wow, that's going to be a whole other discussion, but also it has a big holiday box. Is he implying racism? Is that what that is? Like the because I'd rather see aliens than minorities. I don't know. Well, I'll roll it back. See if he says anything. And it's more of a fall property. Next one is Black Panther 2 in November, which, wow, that's going to be a whole other discussion, but also it has a big holiday box office rival in Avatar 2, in which case the discourse is going to have to figure out how to talk about the epic showdown. Avatar comes out like, no, Avatar came out like a month later. Yeah, that's not that much competition. Yeah. Black Panther came out on November 11th. Avatar, I think came out like the 20th of December.  Competition sneaky. You're being sneaky. I mean, that's that's way past Thorsy. I think he's doing cover for Wakanda Forever's failure. Oh, like in his bets. Failure to match the previous film, I guess is what I'm saying. Matching failure to reach what Marvel obviously wanted it to reach. Like it doesn't count because it's competing with Avatar. Anyway, moving on. No, and also Disney. And yeah, as for the stuff that's streaming on Disney Plus, yeah, the ones with better known actors to establish characters from the movies do better. Wait, that's look at that. Look, it's look. She Hulk and Miss Marvel with the newest ones. There is there's a general somewhat little trend there that I see. But it was a thing. This is a Miss Marvel drop off is substantial. Better known characters though. And there's Moon Knight up there. Yeah. Like the idea that Loki is that high above everything else and it came out first. No, it came out third. Oh, OK, this isn't. Loki was an outlier. But I mean, I feel like that's easy to explain. Right, Tom Hiddleston is like Loki. That's like a big. Yeah, that's what he's saying. A particular appeal to it. That's his argument here, though, is that it's because, you know, yeah, everything is normal. The fluctuations are explained by popularity with characters. But the thing is with characters and actors, right? But this engagement floor is surely not supposed to be as low as what Miss Marvel's in.  We watch it and you're like, well, damn. Yep. And that, you know, people didn't even get into Miss Marvel. Most people, like I said, I haven't seen it.  Wait, he's saying Miss Marvel's competing with Obi-Wan Kenobi. Yeah, it doesn't make sense. If they're watching on the same network, would that like improve the other television shows? I don't know how much I buy it. Like, what one of these shows is coming out with House the Dragon coming out? It would have been She-Hulk, right? Yeah. Yeah. And like that's a competing platform. And then it's also got to compete with, what was the, what was it? I know what was coming out around about the Samsung 2. It brings, it brings the powers.  Like that's, that's a lot of competition by your logic, Bob. Oh, it's just, you know, there are a lot of shows running at the same time, believe it or not. It just doesn't feel like he's applying this at all consistently. It's just to match his narrative, which whenever he has a hole in it, he has to just say like, oh, well, that's because it's recognized characters or that's because it was released at the right time. Well, he's missing arguments. Like, his argument makes sense if you have to pay every time to go to the cinema, but these are even on the same streaming service. So as long as you can watch more than one episode of television a week, then you can watch both and it's not even going to cost you anymore. Yeah, and a lot of people watch a good episode with each meal or whatever. So, you know, it's hard to believe they couldn't make time. That explains how long he's able to get through this Marvel content. Now, look, I'm well aware that the people that most need to hear me on this part aren't going to hear me because I'm someone who, A, is a fan of the Marvel stuff for the most part going way back and B, doesn't generally dislike most of the movie. I think most of them are. Most of the movie. Please? He said most of the movie. Please, please, please, please. How do you have such little care for your craft to where everything's bad, the audio's bad, the visual's bad, and bad in ways that are just legitimately fascinatingly? Like, shooting yourself in the foot with a lot of these, like these, you could have just not done the thing you did and it would have been better.  You could have just not made the video at all. Yeah. Yeah, that would be a great idea. I haven't done that, yeah. Going way back and B doesn't generally dislike most of the movie. I think most of them are fine. Several are honestly really good to great. A couple of them are excellent. I mean, they've been the biggest thing in the world for like 15 years now for a reason and I'm not. Oh, so when they're not the biggest thing in the world, I guess that would also be for a reason, right? But also his thing is fine, really good, great, excellent. This is his rating here. He's like Cosmodal. It already ever goes as low as a five. Yeah, really good, great, excellent. There's only one below a five. I'm going to pretend that there's something conspiratorial going on with that to make myself look more artificially neutral on the matter. You don't have that kind of long-term success without putting out good product. Okay, so when it's actually losing out on its success. What does that mean? That position he wants to hold on to. Yeah, well, he's now appealing to the box office on the engagement through social media slash criticism or critical reception, which is amazing. So it's like, cool, I like this metric, Bob. Now, fast forward to when Outman came out. What do you think? Pretty much hated and slammed by everybody and it's got low engagement in the box office. What does that mean? Well, COVID, people don't recognize the actor, Paul Rudd, nobody really knows him. Merriant Omicron or whatever run. People are confused by the word quantum. They don't want to see a movie that has quantum in it.  They don't know what quantum means. They can't handle it. What does that mean? And how it works. Anyway, the point is, looking at all that, do I see a pattern that says there's a specific meaningful fatigue atmosphere setting in on the wider culture over this specific brand or set of property? Oh, no, he's over there. He's over to the audio explanation. No, he moved.  How does that happen? He's moved.  Fatigue atmosphere setting in on the wider culture over this specific brand. He barely moved on my right now. I'm thinking like, how do you man? How do you do that? What happened? So if you look at his chairs also in a very different direct position, so I think he got up, went to the washroom or something, came back and he had to like move his mic arm to get in and out. We like slipped over a wire, pushed it, kicked it a bit and get something out. And now just the mic is somewhere else in like somewhere else slightly in relative to his to his mouth. And so now the mic should be a mono signal that he just turns over to stereo. So you should still get it in both sides. He's planned it to the right.  Like it can't possibly just be a do you think maybe he just is one of those people who doesn't know which side of his microphone to talk into? Could could it just be that? Could it just be that he's the back of his microphone? Oh, it's that way, wouldn't it? Constantly change like it's revolving. Well, but he's he's he doesn't know which side to talk into. Like whenever he grabs, sometimes he's talking in the front. Sometimes he's talking into the side. So that might actually be part of it. Yeah, because if I take mine and I talk into the back of my microphone, you sound like movie Bob. I mean, I sound like movie Bob. I can just talk to the back of my microphone like I've interrupted someone else's live stream and I've just arrived. Right. You're still coming out of both headphones. He's on the right side.  Wow. Right. Like this is I don't remember the meeting on whether or not movie Bob is dumb. We're going to do that on how microphones work. The specific meaningful fatigue atmosphere setting in on the wider culture over this specific brand properties beyond more conventional explanation of when you do the biggest global movie event of all time like Avengers Endgame and don't immediately retire and go home after anything you do as a pilot. He was out of breath. You heard that after he was getting it out. He was out of breath. I got the finish line. It's impressive in one way or another. I like him by the way.  It's they're losing money now. Potentially for fatigue which is just kind of logical common sense. I mean no not really. No I don't. Now look if we're talking about social media or YouTube content or press coverage trends then yes absolutely the overarching trendline of default reaction to the general concept of the novel movies between Iron Man model.  Yeah yeah. Some of us but we're coming up. He's saying that we're running the narrative and the trend that things are getting worse at Marvel. Well he's already showed the picture of you know EFAP in your video. So he did but we're back on the menu. The yep we're closing that loop. And right now 2022 has taken a complete 180 like as complete as a 180 can get in these cases from this whole thing I love is taking over the world and I am thrilled. How can I help boosterism back when all the way to now where it's more like this thing took over the world and it's an evil woke ill. Yeah which is crazy right. It's almost like they thought it got worse.  It's not even the same oh my it's not even in the same league it's not in the same ballpark. What is he talking about it's like two different friends right was that changes in chronological positioning just different times.  I'm understanding it right. He's saying that of course the political discourse and movie fatigued are not related dummy who's saying that well you are saying that Bob.  I mean like that most of the world just doesn't really care about that. I mean the box of his numbers on stretching it like hordes of people going to whether I don't sound like why would he's made the point that they don't care about online discussion but then why are they leaving to. But that's not fatigue that's changes in cultural positioning across the chronological passage of time. What are my favorite quotes ever so good.  Oh my god. I think the Mountain Dew is getting to his cerebellum there. Yeah the big nerd culture blockbuster explosion that culminated in the birth of the MCU in the 2010s the Disney buyout and then the Avengers was for the whole generation of not only younger millennial audiences but also elder millennial and Gen X writers and content creators in the entertainment press largely viewed as kind of a pop culture insurgency. They were good. People like they were good. It weren't good.  He doesn't have to like more of the rings was like huge own book like yeah. Spider-Man's. Yeah. Huge. To remember before Peter Jackson there was there is like one to three different movies of it or shows of it. Same with Spider-Man Spider-Man's been around since like the 60s. I don't know why what's what points are you making? I'm not sure.  Yeah, it was a thing in the air but a decade. What was any of that? I don't understand what you're saying. What I'm a little bit lost myself. I don't know. I'm not sure. Maybe more of it will help. More of it will help. I am sure of it will become numb. It was a thing in the air but a decade is a long time and even when it doesn't also include two of the most historic ideologically divergent and socially fraught presidential administration's multiple military conflagrations viral plague across what? We say the movies badly written Bob. Even realize that most of the world is outside of America and all these movies are shown into well. Wait, there are people outside of America. You sure this is the movie Bob bread and butter right like everything is caused by everything else every minor issue entertainment or or video games or whatever. It all has to relate back to the larger geopolitical situation like this is what he does everything's about Trump or the war in Ukraine or about covid or about climate change.  Trump did steal his Halloween in his room. Picture Trump is the Grinch with a bag that has Halloween in it. Trump ruining his Halloween was that just made the Thor movie that fall. I'm I'm actually waiting here to mention to mention Gamergate. We have like this is two videos in a row where we just haven't talked about the quality of the riot. Yeah. And the characters do anything they can to not talk about it. They will just never do it for that. Cosmo did talk about VFX for a brief second at least like the most substantive part of his video. It's not even his thoughts. Just stuff he's grabbed online. I spent shock people's ages views and social standings change a lot more than the continuum of a fictional universe of movies. Everyone still regularly goes to see that whole time that that fight was so many years ago. I'm a completely.  I think he's saying because people's like quality of living is gone down because the economy you can't watch these movies because their situation hasn't changed. Is I think what is it and remember these are people that have gone through the snap and everything at this point.  That over that decade gasp and shock people's ages views and social standings change a lot more than the continuum of a fictional universe of movies. Everyone still regularly goes to see that whole time that that fight was so many years ago. Okay. So it sounds like he's saying that our world has changed but the MCU hasn't right. And that's so we should expect some variation in. I guess audience size. You could say that might cause fatigue. Yeah you could say that. Yeah. Yeah. Completely different person now literally. Yeah. Is he trying to argue that it should have changed like whatever his opinions are that have changed that society then Marvel should actually just follow that. Is that his argument. I'm not actually sure at all what what he's trying to say here like see this is a different person 10 years on like but I thought you were just saying that the MCU hasn't really moved on.  Yeah. You just put it in here specifically that the optimistic nerdy booster insurgent rebellion new media voices at the start of the Marvel age are now very much representative of the mainstream established media overview of popular culture. So of course the only version of an edgy contrarian position that can exist profitably is performing negativity in the other direction.  I think that's absolutely what he said like that. So that can definitely account for some people's issues with the MCU but it's actually becoming less popular. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. The slacker culture that teenagers in the 90s and 2000s kind of like lived in and enjoyed you know the jackass kind of you know that that's the prank culture and all that that has now become mainstream because that generation the millennials they're now adults actually producing the content and basically the next generation has a different cultural paradigm and they have a different way of viewing things and so the next so now you know these kids today that are coming up basically they're rebelling against kind of what movie Bob thinks is normal. It's like he's doing what his parents did what all of our parents did you know 20 years ago basically and I think he doesn't quite get it. I don't even think he's right though. I think Marvel movies have changed culturally over time. That's why they are getting rid of men. There are more female supported stuff. You do have them talking about socialist ants and how we can learn from them. So they have moved in the like the cultural perspective that he like even I can tell would agree with Cab and Iron Man's legacies have been they've been much more critical of them once they've left like in the new era they've had like all the Falcon the soldier was talking about like what does that shield mean and where's the brother is like man I thought he was like the guy was helping people as best he can whenever he can but he wasn't like wasn't the comments like you don't understand what it's like to be a black man holding this shield. Yeah there's so they fully embrace that. Yeah I mean the movies have changed with with the times of things have shifted because if you go back to I think it was Iron Man 2 when Tony Stark says I've privatized world peace. That's a very libertarian statement and it was it was presented it was presented positively. You wouldn't see that in the MCU now.  So I think they have changed culturally for sure. Duh. Lisa. What are you rebelling against? What do you got? I like Simpsons. See this video is not worthless. Actors sure but I had hazard that's the main one and it's not really a puzzle to figure out. Fifteen years ago the MCU was to a degree any. Okay okay so he's saying that is the main reason. Right he just said that the counterculture there are other reasons but that's the main reason. We have packed into his thing is that it's it's as popular it's not more popular than ever but that's wrong. Right and the only reason that anybody is hating on it is because we're counterculture warriors. Pretty much which like I said doesn't really work when the general populace are getting bored of it. Big expensive Hollywood movie thing can. Yeah but he'd rather admit something else than the idea that oh maybe the general population doesn't like a particular trend of it. I like you know and want to see in things. What is the whole point of his video that there is no fatigue and all of this isn't happening. Well there is. Right there's fatigue for him and for other people too but but but those people they are just normies so like it's okay that they have fatigue because they're going to come back on the next one. Yeah they'll come back with what they realize it's fatigue is set in something. And so really all it is is just us tipsy and we're hippies here. Right. He's trying to rail at the man. Yeah we're like boo it's popular now boo when the whole point is that we're like hmm it's not popular now. Right be the weird new different nerdy outsider thing and now it's literally the Disney Channel it's McDonald's the suburb. I mean you say that as if Disney didn't take over after the like third movie or during the third movie right like Disney you got. Did he took control post what Ironman was it post Marvel in 2009. Yeah he's saying it like it's a new thing that this is Disney like it's not new. No it's always been well it's more or less always been Disney.   You ran to your parents about the Hawkeyes. That's why that's why they know that movie Bob at this point he's 42 years old. What would that make his mother maybe 70. Of course it's because of him. He's reading a whole magazine. She's a Twitter warrior garden and Hawkeye. There are two people called Hawkeye and has differing but positive opinions about each of them in that context sections of the pop commentary at either tuning out or turning aggressively against the most mainstream thing in the mainstream isn't evidence of cultural fatigue but evidence of cultural entrenchment. He really is. You just wanted to talk about that. He didn't want to talk about moral fatigue at all. This is actually his argument though like this because this is the last minute of his video. This is his argument. The only reason we hate it. Right.  I don't know what the copyright deal is going to be on this thing. I guess we'll just try and be a little presumably he didn't get stroke of it. So I don't know you never know it might be the it's like it's streaming and videos that can sometimes be picked. Oh. We've had it on you've had before we'll be we'll watch a video and be like it's got to be safe.  I have to re upload with a copyright cover on it.  They don't. It's kamikaze maneuvers. Yep. They're just hoping that you'd yeah. If out bait that's what it feels like. So it's like this will get you. Come on finish whatever clip this is. Yeah. Is he recording. Is he recording this directly like you can see the lines of those just a filter is put on or they actually they that sounds like a lot of work. Well it might be. So this is something I've done before it might be like on some some weird side website when it's not on YouTube you have to go to the news site or something where they have their own player and you can't really download from them.  This would be other ways to be like something Disney would put on YouTube or think. Yeah you think this will be on YouTube. It's also weirdly out of focus. It's all very strange. Movie was like it's being filmed with an iPhone or something.  What was this event. Why is he introducing himself. I guess because it isn't like a theme park thing or a Disney World thing. I think it's like some fan park thing. Yeah. He hasn't been in an Avengers movie yet as that guy. But okay. Is that Captain Marvel up there. Yeah. She's my favorite. This is really extravagant. Yeah. Fireworks. Why because you've got.  I wish I wish someone in the audience just held up a big side that had the box office gross for ad-bat on it. Just kind of like he's looking at like why you doing that. Why are you doing that time to go back. The Ant-Man box office numbers. It'll be like the Tiananmen Square in China. You're not allowed to talk about it. Kevin will get you. The only thing I've got going through my head is nerderotic going Miles Morales is Miles Morales.  Whoa. What was that? Wow. Oh, why would you do that Bob? Oh, now it's getting. Oh, he's like he's hurt. He personally now. Yeah. Yes. You're scared. Part two coming soon. Oh. Wow. I can't wait for part two. I can't hear. What?  Oh my God.  It's the style. It's so unified. Yeah, great. T-shirt on that link. Come on, look at that awesome T-shirt. Click on the link. I wait. I'm clicking on the link. But nothing's happening. And really into my.  Yes, though.  You might be the first person ever to find that in. But they don't three one name three into the big picture. That's so weird. I'm pretty sure now. Now it is on YouTube. You can put merch links into like a clickable thing, right? I thought you could put the birch link in the description. Oh my God, Bob. Wait, can you not actually click it from the description? He hasn't put it in there. Oh, he didn't put it in his description. You have to admit if you really want it, this is how you keep the riff wrap out. If you really want that shirt, you got to go to that. Yeah.  When he beached one in the wild, he'd be like, this is one of mine. It's a true fun. Why would you want that shit?  I mean, right? But also a domain is ten dollars, right? You could get movie. Give yourself enough to make a comm slash merch or something. You know. No, you have four, five, eight, zero, three, one, nine dash.  I see people like, OK, so pot to that. It's like pot to is 20 minutes. I was going to I'm saying we're not going to do. But I can't bear it. I don't like although I went to the shirt. I like I googled it. Google's better than just having to type that in manually. He should have just said Google Redbubble. Um, but that's not even that's not even the link that's there on his image. Is it not? No, look. Oh, yeah, it's different score. It's a completely. Oh, my goodness. That's XYZ at the end. Just it's just different. Does his link actually work? That'll let me type it in manually and see because I hate myself. All right, so I just want to I want to try and OK, because this is this is part one of two. So ostensibly in part two, he's going to elucidate further. Apparently, most so that he did this one. What did he say in this video, though? He said Malphite isn't real and it's mostly just you battling against something that's more popular now than it was before. Yeah, we're doing that because we're raging against the machine. Yeah. And also because we're not normies. Yeah. If you do it manually, it is sort of interesting, right? Because the common theme of both videos is no discussion about the writing or like the storytelling. No, or the production. We didn't even talk about the films. Let me be fair. I was going to say you need to have likeable characters. It needs to be. Yeah, at least he talked about the film. He didn't do it much or well, but he did. In this case, it was like all matter. It was all about the current landscape. We didn't even get to talk about the movies. Movie Bob didn't talk about the films themselves. Like, what does he have to say about any of those films? What does he have to say about multiverse of madness? And I guess you'd be like, well, I probably did a review on him. It's like, might be worthwhile to like encompass them in discussions about the nature of fatigue, because how does it factor into your perception of fatigue? If the films are considered good. Do good films suffer from fatigue? Why do people not like the films? And how about you like try to make a good faith inferences to why people don't like those films other than like they're evil or something? No. Well, yeah, like one minute sentences.  Yeah, fully a minute long sentence. You said you didn't learn much or. Minute long sentences were sped up and filled with superfluous words. Awesome. And superfluous cuts and editing because he should just just stop. His arms around when he talks because it's wearing him out. Well, it's just the changes in audio quality. What was that? And like a variety of changes in audio. It wasn't even just keeps the viewer on the toes of yes, because you're going to be like, whoa, what just happened? What I miss because it could have just been the standard one of when he was recording in front of the webcam. It's different audio quality from when he was sitting in front of his microphone, but it was like degrees within there. Like it was it was like odd. It's like an art performance. Yeah, there was one clip where he had just panned it to the right and not realized, which is why it flipped back immediately afterwards. I don't think even what happened. How does he not notice that in post and go, shit, I should probably fix that. Well, pride in your work, man. Absolutely. Yeah. So weekend, you said you're gonna have to jump out. Yeah, it's 7 a.m. Well, before you do, why don't you tell people what you've been doing lately and where they can find you? Well, everyone, I chat and everyone. I am weekend warrior. I usually do a movie reviews and video game reviews. And my last review was a few months ago about She-Hulk and I'm working on a video about Hogwarts Legacy and that game is just just. Was that mean? Oh, you'll find out. I'm working on it. So please be patient. So thanks for having me, guys. It's been a it's been a minute and it's been an enjoyable. Oh, well, thanks for coming on, dude. I always appreciate it.  I didn't know you did that to him. I can't believe I'm going to say this, but. Cosmonaut is better than movie Bob. Yeah, yes, I think it's there's a pain to movie Bob. That's so unique. You can't get that pain in many places. So yeah. So, okay, that's it guys. Have a great day evening or night wherever you are in the world and if you are and my last word for the day night evening afternoon is exercise and don't drink Mountain Dew. That's it. Yeah. Do not drink Mountain Dew with it. Have a good one, guys. Don't do the dew. Yeah. Don't do the dew. Sorry, why?  Oh my God. Okay, I want to leave too. Well, before you go, Bob ruined me. I want to go before you go. Tell people you're up to where they can find you. What you doing? Oh, well, I just released a Gotham High Review. That's on my channel and I got it. Something else coming out little fun video, but I'm not going to say anything about that. Yeah, working on doing some reviews here and there.  I have to add that and get I'm not going to say what that is either. I'll let that be it. But yeah, channels J Longbone. Check it out. More fun things to come. Hey, yeah, kind of post posting stuff semi regularly. I assume you like Gotham Knights. Like you think it's very strong as a sort of new. Oh, it's the best. It's the best. It's the little sister of Batman and we all know how much I love that. Oh, yeah. Very sure. Well, I'll be excited and good stuff. Links are all in the description so you can check out J Longbow's channel and you should. I'd be surprised if anyone in chat hadn't at this point, but you know, some new people have run to the wall. But of course, yeah. Thank you for joining us as well. It's been a ride. Yeah, you guys are great. Hello, just this Peru. I didn't get a chance to introduce myself. Oh, no, that's the thing. I was watching your videos before I started making my own. Your batwoman stuff is the blind. Great. Yeah. Well, yeah, thanks for having me guys. Bye. Yeah, goodbye. See you later. See you. Yeah, we plan is pretty much to wrap up here anyway. So we can continue this train. Yes, actually. Oh, I always have to go for 12. What? I was looking forward for the second movie about video.  I need to do it on your own stream. I am. I am good to go. Like we can winner. You this is your subconscious telling you that it's time for you to bring back the segment where you have your your movie Bob watch.  You feel kind of sad about it. Now he's like more, more, more, more, more. I haven't I haven't hit my limit yet of Bob. I have Bob tolerance built up. Well, to stop that series up. That's that's more than enough Bob for a normal size person. Oh, we are. We can do it. I have Bob fatigue. Bob. There is something that's draining about Bob like something about. Oh, yeah. Like he's. Yeah, seriously. Yeah. It takes effort to sort of watch his videos. Mm hmm.  Yeah, you have to listen really carefully. It's presented horribly. So it's just annoying. And then you have to like go back and re listen to parts of it because it's either just nonsensical or it doesn't have anything to do with what was being said before. Or you just couldn't hear because the words are going by too fast.  Like I have to go back a full minute to figure out what you were even saying. Yeah, we had to do a lot of like running back, listen again and again and again. It's just like that's a real great sign for the channel for him.  It's like, they're going from left to right disperu. What have you been up to lately and where can people find you? Yeah, just from YouTube this week Gotham Knights skipped a week and it's weird. You start getting people go, where's your Gotham Knights review? I'm like, it's not out. I was, yeah, I was kind of glad I just got to skip a week, but apparently not everyone else. There are actually people going, I have a number fixed this week. I need to see what happened. So, you know, CW gets you in trouble because people just think you didn't make a video about this at the time. What did you think of the Court of Owl masks? I'd not seen the originals once I'd seen the comics. I was like, okay, the design is at least a bit like the comics, but they should have been sized correctly. They were way too big. They hung down beneath each character's chin and just made them look like.  They look like junky growth. I thought they did, but then someone showed me a picture of the comics and I'm like, they didn't look great in the comics. Yeah, like the comic ones are better because they're much more minimalist like they're smaller thinner and just they're kind of like creepier too. The ones in the show I just thought they look embarrassing. I was like, it is. Why would you? Yeah, I would have made them like more face fitting like individually done, but it just looked like whoever designed them got one size fits all, but to make sure it fitted all, it was five times bigger than anyone else's head. You would think that the court of owls could afford to size their own, you know, owl masks. You know, that would probably be a point of flight. Yeah. There's just a bin and they just take one out of the bin and put it on and it's like whatever. And that entire scene, it wasn't really very atmospheric. Somebody, because I'd seen Gotham, but I couldn't really remember it in particular. And there was a bit in that and there was lots of like candles behind them. It had a very ominous kind of atmosphere. And in this, it just kind of walked in a room with what was probably like a microphone tape recorder, because I doubt those are the actual heads of the court of owls kind of thing. So yeah, you just lacked any kind of, if these are meant to be your big villains, they should be scary and they're not at all. Oh yeah. And from memory, you've, you've fully covered Velma, right? So people can go check if they really, really want to. Yeah, Velma was impressive. Gotham Knights is your current obsession, I just assume. Do you do Mando? Do you do all the Mando? I was going to do Gotham Knights and Mando and then they came out on the same day because one's like, comes out at about sort of 2 a.m. here and then Mando's at 8 a.m. And I just can't do two videos on the same day. Takes me an entire day to do a review. And the Mando stuff wasn't really getting views that if I released it a day late, it would have died. It's unfortunate actually that it didn't launch as bad as it ended because then I would have been like, well, okay, this'll at least get sort of the interest to keep on going through. But no, I chose Gotham Knights to cover. Well, as I said, link in description. Check it out. Plenty of these going to be something on Disbru's channel. You'd be interested in his opinion on, I'm sure you could also go full of willow, wheel of time, rings of power. You're still doing rings of power videos, right? Like updates on different things. I was on the same coming out. Yeah, there's a few things that I've got coming.  Like everyone's losing money and getting fired. So you decide to ask for a wage increase. It's not exactly the smartest thing to do. And then this weekend is Jordan con. So if there's enough wheel of time stuff to do, then I'll do a video on that. Con Jordan con as in Robert Jordan. Never heard of it. It is the the original author of wheel of time. But because the TV series is coming out, there's got a lot of second series kind of info casting that kind of stuff. That makes total sense. But for some reason I was thinking of wings of redemption. Jordy Jordan. No. You're. I don't know why. Just came to mind. I can imagine throwing Jordy con at his house and inviting nobody in just telling people a concert in Newcastle.  Great. Mr. Moriarty. How you doing? Spent a while. Hey, what do you have to these days? Where people find you? Well, my my YouTube is really cool. It's youtube.com slash really cool. And I make like hour long videos about things that interest me. Most recently I did a thing where I looked at IGN and their review scores and I broke down kind of how they work and all the problems with it. I talked about Ubisoft and Wordle and game preservation stuff, lots of stuff, fashion, high fashion in video games. If you like intellectual dives into video games, Moriarty is guy for you. Yeah, you know, I do that kind of stuff where I'll talk about something that's just purely interesting to me for a long time. And sometimes it's interesting to other people. I talked about limited run for a little while and that one people seem to have enjoyed, I guess. Oh, good stuff. I'm being told the links in the channel of the description aren't working. It's apparently all of them are broken like they always break metals one. So I will fix that on the re-upload. I don't know what's going on there. So don't you worry. But obviously, thank you Thunder for providing links regardless. And yeah, you can find really cool. You said the channel is cool, dear. Yeah, I was really cool. I wanted to be able to say my YouTube was really cool. It was worth it. Kind of person I am. Deb, you still here, Sa? Right. Of course I am. Yes. Well, why don't you tell people what you do, where you are, what you're doing. Okay. What I'm doing right now is getting canceled. No, no. Well, yes, but also I do a YouTube channel where I basically do whatever I want. Like I've done politics stuff. I've been gaming stuff. I've done like movies. I've done watch alongs kind of like yours with with Arch and some other friends. I just my channel has kind of morphed into just like a dev channel. You know? Hmm. Well, that's that's neat. That's good. Yeah, I did.  And then I also did like an hour and a half long no, no, about an hour and a half long video. I think talking about Antonio Gramsci, the Italian communist from the 1920s and 30s and how his his his writing and how his writing influenced politics from then onwards. So I have a very wide range of the things that I do. Well, that sounds tempting. Everybody get in before he's canceled. You can't watch anymore. So that way. Thanks. Thanks very much, guys. Well, and thanks for coming on, of course. There's just just memes here that are with hecking out. This is actually this this Kylo with with this dinosaur. This is what we were talking about 65, which I'd be surprised by what we remember now. It's already like did forgot. But yes, does it hurt? Well, this is like a forgotten movie already. Yeah, is referencing a much older meme of ours. This is a classic meme. This is one of the this is an old. Yes, this is good old Kylo. He keeps an eye on people when they go to the toilet. He's making sure they're okay, really. Yeah, and you know, the dinosaurs on the, you know, on the loop, making sure he just wants to know if things doesn't happen. This isn't another one. I don't know if we showed it, but I was talking about how this ambition for the bitch in Resident Evil could be this is a giant clown running around the whole village and desperately wants you to come out. Traitor comes run away. Stranger. This should be DLC for this. I think it would it would be good. I like the little squeaks on the shoes to it's a it's a perfectly rendered clown. I would say that it's a good looking all clowns look like that or or better or worse and you have a hot off the presses meme. Oh my God.  Dine on Turtles suit. Oh my God. Wow. Look at that. It's his own personal Vietnam. Right? Yes. I get it. Beautiful. They've even got the canisters of Mountain Dew that he's breathing in through the nose. We can worry would be proud. And the do is the bottles. It looks like. Yes. I wonder if you could fly with those. Just feel suitable. But that's beautiful. We got through it on all the coupons. Oh, movie Bob, you are just you are magical chicken instead of bullets on the band. Yeah. Yes. Oh, yeah. There's so many details. It's the important supplies. So what does his tattoo say? Grandma. Grandma. Yeah.  Your relationship has grown a lot closer ever since she lost her hearing. I wonder what's up with that? But they tend to get along together a lot better now. That is beautiful. Rags, Fringy. Anything you guys wanted to mention? Talk about whatever. Fringy. Mando episode seven and working on it. It's coming boys. Yeah. Right. For me, just kind of working away in the background a little bit here and there. Don't want to make promises, but things are in the works. We as for EFAP stuff, you pretty much consistently now you're going to be getting super chat catchups on Wednesdays for the foreseeable future. I think we're going to be able to keep that up now in terms of it's like a scheduling it. You can think of it as like first and second halves of episodes can come out in more bite-sized formats and it gives us time to be able to recharge properly and maybe even sleep. I know one of us is looking to do that soon.  They're hopefully going to come out, but there's no guarantees on like a certain consistent release for them. And then in the meanwhile, just a lots of other things have been working on more announcements and fun adventures through all kinds of media to come. But for now for tonight, we hope you all had a wonderfully fun time. We shall be seeing you in the in the future in a different place at a different time. Who knows what it will be? Like I said, remember we we we were in the we were in relatively close proximity to Movie Bob for quite a while. So make sure you go outside and get some fresh air stretch your legs a little bit. Maybe drink some water.  Just really make sure that you can that cleanse your system. Even if it's just the one vegetable, just go right in there. Even if it's just even if you just got a yank a yank a broccoli out of the fridge and just chomp it down raw man. Sometimes you know, sometimes that's what it takes. But thank you all for your kind messages and donations and well, just the general company. But for now, I'll be doing you good night. Goodbye and we shall see you next time. Have a good one everybody. Bye bye.


So, man of the match, how did you feel you went tonight? I feel very happy. But not just for the Cup, but also because we won and now we are in good position in the Asian Champions League. So, a few new boys at the back, how was it playing with them? Did you notice any differences? It was a little bit different, but we're working hard to get this result and now in the changing room we are everybody happy. What you say is very happy, what's the feeling in the changing room like now? Is there a feeling you can go forward and get out of the group or has that always been the feeling? Yes, of course because we are in good position but now we have to be ready for Sunday because it's an important game and we have to finish also in the league at the top.


In the last lecture, we discussed how the response spectrum method of analysis is developed and then we discussed the accuracy of the response spectrum method in the sense that there is an approximation involved in the combination of the maximum modal responses and because of this approximation it is called an approximate method of analysis. However, it was found that for most of the cases it fairly predicts the mean peak value of the response. We developed the response spectrum method of analysis for single support excitation that is the i is a vector of 111 or 101010 whatever be the case and then briefly we mentioned that the three different rules of the combination of the maximum responses or peak responses. They are how they are approximate and how these CQC rule and SRSS rule have been developed. Let me recapitulate it again that is we assume that the modal responses that is the response in each mode of vibration is a quantity which is random and it is uncorrelated to the other mode of response or in other words there is no correlation that exists between the two modal responses and with this assumption the SRSS rule is developed. However, if we consider that there exists a relationship between the first mode response and the second mode of response and so on then we say that they are correlated and we must have a correlation function defined between these any two modal responses and improve the SRSS rule by converting into a CQC rule which is called the complete quadratic combination rule in which we bring in the rho i j that is the correlation between two modal responses and in that connection we say that the derivation of CQC rule and SRSS rule they are best obtained with the help of the random vibration analysis technique assuming that the responses in each mode of vibration that is the Z1, Z2, Z3 they are the random variables and there should exist a correlation between these random variables and that is how CQC rule was developed and CQC rule since it considers these correlation between Z1, Z2 etc. they are more exact compared to SRSS. Then we also mentioned that since the power spectral density function of ground motion and the response spectrum of ground motion both of them indicate the frequency composition of the ground motion as such or the frequency composition of the future ground motion that is expected therefore there should exist a relationship between the two and that relationship was obtained by QD again using the equations in which the power spectral density function of ground acceleration was related to the displacement response spectrum and P0 omega which peak factor which varies with omega that is involved and this peak factor we have discussed before when we are discussing about the response of the structures to random ground motion in the previous sets of lecture. Now if the ground motion is assumed as a stationary random process then generalized coordinate in each mode is also a random process and there should exist a cross correlation between the generalized coordinates as I mentioned before. So with this background in view the response spectrum method of analysis can be extended for multi-support excitation and today we are going to discuss about that. Because there exist a cross correlation between two modal peak responses and if we consider these rho ij then the sequence rule provides a better estimate than the services rule that of combination that we mentioned also. So let us see what basically rho ij looks like that is the correlation between the two modal responses rho ij that is plotted with respect to omega i by omega j that is the frequency between the two modes and if we look at that plot then this plot looks like this and the corresponding equation equation 5.14 and 5.15 that we discussed in the last lecture these two equations that is rho ij is a function of beta ij where beta ij is the ratio between omega i and omega j and xi is the specified damping ratio. So two such empirical equations for rho ij were developed one by Rosenbluth and other by Der Kürigian and if we plot them against beta ij that is the frequency ratio then the plot looks like this and one can see that on the right hand side and the left hand side is a symmetric half of the right hand side. So if we look at the right hand side that is the positive frequency ratios we can see that as the frequency ratio increases that is omega by omega j that increases then the rho ij basically sharply falls down and beyond a certain value of the ratio the correlation coefficient is almost equal to 0. So that justifies the use of SRSS rule that is SRSS rule is applicable when the two frequencies are well separated and once the two frequencies are well separated then the frequency ratio is also high and as a result of that the correlation between two modal responses can be ignored and they can be considered as independent random variables. So using this figure and the two equations that is the empirical equation on rho ij that was developed we take care of the correlation between the two modal responses and using CQC rule one can obtain the combination between the two responses. Now let us look at some example and in this example what has been done is that the power spectral density function have been obtained from the smooth displacement RSP and FFT of L center record that is the we have used the L center record and from the L center record we obtained a response spectrum and smoothened it then also for the same time history we obtained the power spectral density function using FFT and it was smoothened and then these two were compared in this figure you can see the unsmooth comparison that means unsmooth power spectral density function obtained by these two approaches are compared in the first figure and then when they are smoothed with five point smoothing then you can see that the both PSDFs compare quite well that is the equation that is used for obtaining the power spectral density function of ground acceleration from the displacement response spectrum for a given damping that is quite valid so and that is seen from this example. Now let us come to the application of the response spectrum method of analysis for 2D frames. 2D frame means it is a building frame multi bay multi-story building frame and for that we proceed in this particular fashion the first the dynamic degrees of freedom are considered and generally the dynamic degrees of freedom for 2D frames they are considered as the sway degrees of freedom these sway degrees of freedom are obtained by the condensation procedure and this condensation procedure is obtained slightly in a different way than the condensation procedure that we have discussed before here what we do is that we write down the entire stiffness matrix of the frame with the rotations included and then apply unit load in the sway direction one by one that is first we provide a unit load at the top of the frame and put zero corresponding to other sway degrees of freedom and perform an analysis of the structure and for that we find out the sway responses at all degrees of freedom and put them into a vertical column similarly any other response quantity of interest that can be also obtained for this case and can be stored in the computer in a matrix or a vector R as the case may be if we consider more than 2-3 responses then it can be stored in the form of a matrix if we are interested only say bending moment at a particular cross section then this will be a vector so and that vector or matrix is called R and this R matrix or the vector R and the matrix of the structure displacements that is the that what we obtain that is called the flexibility matrix of the structure so corresponding to the sway degrees of freedom so this flexibility matrix of the structure can be inverted to obtain the condensed stiffness matrix for the sway degrees of freedom of the frame sometimes there are algorithms which require only the mass matrix and the flexibility matrix of the structure rather than the stiffness matrix with the help of that also the eigenvalues can be obtained so either we invert the flexibility matrix or we directly use the flexibility matrix to obtain the mode shapes and frequencies of the structure and by the time we do that we have also in an array R the response quantities of interest that are stored for unit forces applied at different sway degrees of freedom now for each mode of vibration one can calculate lambda i using the equation that we described before and this instead of the mass m into i we replace it by a summation convention that is W R into phi i R and sum it up for all the floors and W is the weight of the floor rather than the mass and since the mass appears both in the numerator and the denominator therefore it does not matter whether we consider mass or the weight so the standard expression that is used in most of the practices in finding out lambda i they use this particular formula once we obtain the lambda i then we obtain the P i that is the equivalent lateral load that exists on the structure for each mode of vibration from z is equal to 1 to R R is the number of modes that we are considering and P e j how it is calculated that we have discussed before for single point excitation and any response quantity of interest say R j say bending moment shear force drift or any other response quantity interest that can be obtained by multiplying the equivalent lateral load with the coefficient matrix for the response that is obtained before and stored when we are obtaining the flexibility matrix of the structure by applying unit load at different sweat degrees of freedom after that one can combine the modal peak responses either using CQC or SSS rule and that provides us a mean peak response that is desired so problem is now solved in order to obtain the mean peak values of top displacement base shear and interest to the dip between first and second floor for a fourth story 2D frame which was solved before for the ground motion which is deterministic that is the for the same L centre ground motion or time is to ground motion was applied to this particular frame for story frame and the results the peak values of the results are known to us and the same frame is now analysed using the response spectrum method of analysis here the response spectrum which is used is the response spectrum of the L centre earthquake and the digitized values of these response spectrum are available in many books including the books including the book which is the reference book for these slides. The frequencies omega 1, omega 2 and omega 3 the three frequencies of that structure is are given over here and then the corresponding mode shapes are shown we have given all the four modes then we compared the responses rather the mean peak values of the responses obtained by different methods in table 5.1 and you can see that when we consider two modes only then SRSS rule give 0.9171 as the response then the sequence rule that gives 0.921 quite close the absum gives 0.9621 which is expected to be greater than the CQC or SRSS rule and the time history response that provides 0.8921 that we obtained in the in chapter 3 when you are discussing the response of the same frame for L centre ground motion using time integration technique. And one can see that the time history response analysis and the response spectrum method of analysis they give quite close results when we consider all modes then we can see that there is not much change in the response and that is all the four modes are considered and the results between the time history analysis and the response spectrum method of analysis using CQC and SRSS rule they compare very well. So far as best year is concerned it is expressed in terms of mass the when we consider the two modes only then you can see the comparison the time history results give 0.980 as the maximum best year whereas the CQC gives 0.991 and the SRSS give higher value 0.0006. So CQC rule and the time history rule are quite close to each other and when you consider all modes then the results compare very well between CQC and time history analysis. Similarly, when you look at the drift between the first floor and the second floor we see that the CQC rule and the time history analysis they are quite close to each other. Thus we can see that in the response spectrum method of analysis if one uses CQC rule for cases where the frequencies are not too well separated then the results compare quite well with those obtained from the time history analysis. Now let us look at the application of the same response spectrum method of analysis for three dimensional tall frames. In fact in the code of practice the response spectrum method of analysis and their formulas to be used they are given specifically for 2D frames. For 3D tall frames the code does not provide the kind of guidelines that will be following over here that is the code does not provide the responses using the response spectrum method of analysis the way it should be performed it considers the torsional effect of the 3D tall building slightly in a different way. However, here we will be following the response spectrum method of analysis for 3D tall frames which is just an extension of that what is done for 2D tall frames. Now the for the 3D tall frames we find out the principle direction of the 3D tall frame and for each principle direction we can apply the ground motion separately and find out the response and following steps are adopted firstly what we assume that the floors are rigid like a rigid diaphragms and for each floor we find out the center of mass then dynamic degrees of freedom at each floor that is 2 translation and a rotation about a vertical axis which is considered and these dynamic degrees of freedom are shown in this figure left hand side figure is a symmetric building in which the center of mass for all the floors are lying on the same vertical line in the second figure we have offsets and the center of mass for each floor they are not coinciding in the sense that they do not fall in the same vertical line and therefore we construct a CG of the mass line and the intersection of the CG of the mass line with the floors that is where the degrees of freedom are considered and 2 or 3 degrees of freedom are considered at each floor at that intersection point 2 translation and a rotation about a vertical axis. Now once we have done that then we apply unit load to each dynamic degrees of freedom one at a time and carry out the same kind of static analysis that you had performed for the 2D frame to find out the condensed stiffness matrix and an array of R or a R matrix of the responses of desired quantities and then we go ahead in the same fashion as we have done for the case of 2D frame we have now different mode shapes and frequencies and for each mode we will get a mass mode participation factor and once we use the mode participation factor for each mode then one can obtain the general single degree freedom equation written in terms of the generalized coordinates and because of the coupling of the mode shapes that is in certain cases we have a translation in 2 directions as well as a torsion so that kind of mode shapes are known as the coupled mode shapes. So for the coupled mode shapes we have a torsional moment created at the intersection point of the vertical line or the mass vertical line with the floor and apart from the 2 forces that can act in the 2 translation direction. So for asymmetric building even if we are applying a single component earthquake in a particular direction which may coincide with x direction or y direction we can expect that there could be a force in the x direction force in the y direction and a torsion about a vertical axis for a particular mode which is a coupled mode. So the equivalent static load that is PEI that we had seen before for the 2D frame in that PEI now we expect that there could be the torsional moments apart from the translation force in x and y direction for a 3D frame and thus for an asymmetric building we expect both a torsional motion about the vertical axis and 2 translational displacement in x and y directions. An example of this type is solved for this particular problem in which we have taken a 2 story frame and in this 2 story frame the degrees of freedom are considered as this 1, 2, 3 and 4, 5, 6 these are degrees of freedom and corresponding to these 6 degrees of freedom we obtain the mode shifts and frequencies of the structure that is we had 6 mode shifts and 6 frequencies and the response quantities that we require that is the torque at the first floor level and Vx and Vy at the base of column A that is to be found out. So for these response quantities we obtain an array of matrix R that is the R matrix that we talked about when we are obtaining the flexibility matrix for this structure by applying unit load one at a time at each degree of freedom. The results of the analysis are shown in this table that is when we consider the SRSS rule, sequence rule and time history analysis for the same frame we find out that the displacement that is there for direction 1 and 2 these displacements are 0.1431 and 0.1325 they are obtained by SRSS rule and sequence rule respectively and the time history analysis provide a response maximum value of the response as 0.1216 in the for the second degree of freedom that is this in this degree of freedom the earthquake excitation is acting for in this degree of along the direction of this degree of freedom whereas the second direction is perpendicular to that and one can see that the displacements in that directions are quite small compared to the directions in which the excitation or the ground motion is applied and the value of the displacement or maximum value of the displacement obtained from the time history analysis is 0.0023 whereas we obtained from using sequence rule as 0.0031. The torque that is obtained using sequence rule and the time history analysis about the vertical axis and they compare quite well so far as the shear forces are concerned in the x and y direction we can see that the sequence rule and time history analysis they give fairly or they compare fairly well. Next let us now try to develop or extend the method of response spectrum analysis to multi support excitation case and as I told you before that the response spectrum method of analysis is not strictly valid for the multi support excitation system it is strictly valid for single point excitation for which it was derived. However if we wish to extend it for the multi support excitation case then some additional assumptions are made then the derivation of the response spectrum method of analysis for multi support excitation requires a random vibration analysis that is a part of it uses the random vibration analysis to arrive at the required equations that can be used for finding out the mean peak response in the spirit of response spectrum method of analysis. Since it requires some random vibration analysis therefore the entire derivation is not described here however some features of that derivations are mentioned in order that the extension of the method for multi support excitation can be understood. In the first place it is assumed that the future earthquake is represented by an averaged smooth response spectrum and a power spectral density function both of them are obtained from an ensemble of time histories. So we assume that there exists an ensemble of time histories or the past time histories of earthquake and using that ensemble of time histories we have established first that the that is a stationary random process and then we obtain a power spectral density function for that ensemble of time histories that is we have obtained the unique mean square value for that ensemble and the distribution of that mean square value gives us the power spectral density function what we described before. Many a time one can use the assumption of ergodicity in order to obtain the power spectral density function easily with the help of a single time history using Fourier transformation method. The response spectrum of the earthquake can be obtained from the single time history record the way it is done and we have described that the procedure we have described when we are discussing about the seismic input to the structure. And both the response spectrum and PS power spectral density function thus obtained are smoothened then the most important point that comes in the extension of the response spectrum method of analysis from single point excitation to the multi point excitation is the consideration of the lack of correlation that exists between ground motions at two points and that we have seen that we can be obtained either by knowing the time lag between the two supports or by using a coherence function and for the case of random vibration analysis we have seen that we have a number of empirical equations which are available to represent the coherence function to represent the lack of correlation between the ground motions at any two points and we can use any one of those coherence function or the coherence function that is appropriate for that particular site or the area. Next assumption that we make is the about the peak factor we have seen that the peak response can be obtained by multiplying a peak factor with standard deviation of response or rms value of the response for the zero mean process and that peak factor can be obtained with the help of the first three moments of the power spectral density function and we also had shown an equation which provides a value of the peak factor provided we know the duration and the moments of the power spectral density function using that equation one can find out the peak factor. Now here we make an assumption that the peak factor in each mode of vibration and the peak factor for the total response that is when you combine all the modes of vibration and obtain the total response then the peak factors they are assumed to be the same. In fact these peak factors in each mode of vibration may vary and the peak factor for the total response could be different than the peak factors that we obtain for each mode of vibration. However for the development of the method a crucial assumption is made that these peak factors are all same. Then the relationship like equation 5.16 is established between the power spectral density function of the ground motion and the displacement response spectrum and one such equation on empirical equation was shown before in equation 5.16. Then the mean peak value of any response quantity of interest are that is consisting of two parts. The first part is called the pseudo static response due to displacement of the responses and the second part is the dynamic response of the structure with respect to supports. Now that they have been discussed before if you are wanting to find out the absolute displacements at the different non-support degrees of freedom then we have to add two responses one response or one displacement will be the dynamic displacement of those non-support degrees of freedom with respect to the base and then to that we will add the displacement that is caused due to the ground displacement at different supports and that would create a differential displacements between different supports resulting in some displacements at different so a degrees of freedom. So these are called the pseudo static response and this pseudo static response is added to the dynamic response in order to get the total absolute value of the response either for displacement or for any other response quantity of interest. So in the usual derivation of the response spectrum method of analysis the second part is taken into consideration that is a dynamic response of the structure with respect to support that is considered because for single support excitation the response of the structure at non-support degrees of freedom they basically are the dynamic response plus the uniform ground displacement that takes place at different non-support degrees of freedom because of single point excitation they are added together and we can get the absolute value of the displacements at different degrees of freedom however these absolute values of the displacement at different degrees of freedom do not carry much meaning because if you are wanting to find out the bending moment or shear force at any particular cross section then the moment we try to find out the relative displacement between the two ends of the member then the effect of the ground displacement at different supports they cancel because they are the same at different degrees of freedom because of the single component excitation. So the second part of the response is good enough for single point excitation however when we consider the multi support excitation then we have to take into account this part also and because of the presence of this part we require some kind of additional information or additional assumption and also we have to go into a random vibration analysis in order to take into account its effect into the response spectrum method of analysis. So first what we do is that we find out using a normal mode theory uncoupled dynamic equation of motion for each degree of freedom and here instead of a single mode participation factor lambda i we have now beta k i represents the mode participation factor and this beta k i this mode participation factor for a particular mode has different components that is for different supports we have one mode participation factor in a particular mode and that beta k i is given by this equation and or you know how it has been derived. Next week consider a single degree freedom oscillator subjected to a ground acceleration u double dot k that is the this is the u double dot k that is the ground excitation at the kth support if we consider that and then the response for the single degree freedom oscillator to that ground or that that support excitation is a z bar k i then the total generalized displacement in the ith mode can be written by this summation that is beta k i multiplied by z bar k i and summation is taken over all the supports. Now once we are able to obtain the value of z i then the total response which we will be obtaining will be equal to two components of the response that we discussed before this is the pseudo static part and this is the dynamic part which is coming from the dynamic analysis or modal dynamic analysis that we have performed over here. Now 5 r i is the mode shape coefficient for the response quantity of interest it could be displacement it could be bending moment it could be shear force but this 5 r i has been obtained before and how we obtain the mode shape coefficient for different response quantities of interest that we have described before while discussing the modal analysis technique. This a k is the coefficient matrix that is if I give a unit displacement at the kth support then and keeping all other supports locked or fixed then what is the displacement that is obtained at different non-support degrees of freedom and that can be arranged in the form of a matrix and the elements of the matrix can be taken and those using those elements of the matrix one can find out a response quantity over or the pseudo static response quantity over here using this summation. Now this a k could be a coefficient for displacement could be a coefficient for bending moment could be a coefficient for shear force whatever be the response quantity of interest. So this is the pseudo static part and this is a dynamic part then what we do is that we substitute in place of z i this equation as a result of this r t any response quantity of interest can be written in this particular form. Now these equation can be written in the matrix form in which a t is the transpose of the matrix the coefficient matrix for pseudo static response u t is the vector of the ground displacement at different supports and phi beta t is a transpose of a matrix called phi beta we will shortly explain it what it is and z bar t is the response of the generalized or the generalized displacement that we obtain for each mode of vibration. The phi beta and z bar are vectors of size m into s that is m is the number of modes that we are considering and s is the number of supports for three support and two mode one further elaborate this phi beta vector and the z bar vector. So you can see that phi beta t is equal to phi bar one beta one one phi bar one beta two one phi bar one beta three one then phi bar two starts phi bar two beta one two phi bar two beta two two phi bar two beta three two and so on if you have got some other or mode then it starts with phi bar three beta one three like that. The z bar t is z bar one one z bar two one z bar three one since we are considering here the number of supports as three then or the modes as three then z bar one one z bar two one and z bar three one z bar one two z bar two two and z bar three two so these are the z bar values. Now we assume that RT, UT and z bar t to be random processes since the excitation is random and represented by an ensemble of record therefore RT the response the UT the displacements at different supports and z bar t the generalized responses they are all random processes then if R is represented by this equation that is equation 5.23 then the power spectral density function of R which is called SRR will be can be written as AT SUU A plus phi t beta S z bar z bar phi beta plus AT SU z bar phi beta plus phi t beta S z bar U A so that follows the derivation for the power spectral density function of two quantities or two processes or rather weighted processes which we had seen before if you recall if Y is a response quantity and E is a summation of A into X and plus B into Z then the power spectral density function of SY or power spectral density matrix of SYY if Y is a vector can be written by a rule which we have discussed before and using that rule we have derived this equation for SRR. Now in order to obtain the mean peak value we have to obtain the RMS value or the standard deviation of responses and that we will be discussing in the next class.