adding images. There are two ways to add images to your Moodle course and both of them need you to have the editing turned on, either by clicking the button top right or by scrolling down and in the administration block clicking the link turn editing on. If at the top of your course page you then see a message saying that you can drag and drop files you can use the first method. If you don't see that you can use a second method. In the section on reading I'm going to add a little graphic which I have over on the right here on my desktop. When you're adding images it's important to make sure that you have permission to add them or that they are Creative Commons or Public Domain. It's useful also to get them the right size for the Moodle course before you upload them. I click the configure icon of the reading section and this takes me to Moodle's Atto Editor. Note that we need to use the Atto Editor to drag and drop our image. So I simply put my cursor on the image, click to hold it and then drag it into the topic section summary. When it's saved we can see the graphic in the reading section and even quicker way is to drag an image directly onto the course page so I'll do that with the second image to go into the speaking section. When I drag it in I get a message asking what I want to do with the file. I want to add the image to the course page and so when I click upload the image displays in a label and we can drag this to a position that we want. If you're not able to upload with drag and drop let's look at the other method. I'm going to add an image in the listening section of my course so I'm going to add it to the topic summary again so I click the configure icon and then in the Atto Editor toolbar I click the icon which looks a bit like a mountain. It's the icon for uploading an image and then when I click on it I'm brought to a box where there is the button browse repositories. This takes us to Moodle's file picker which we look at in a separate video. I simply want to upload the chosen graphic from my computer so I choose upload a file and then click the button which says choose file or browse depending on your browser and then I select the image. We could save it with a different name if you want change the author if you want change the license if it's not appropriate and then click the button to upload this file. We need to add a description or if we don't think it needs a description we can tick the box. We can change the size change its alignment and then when we save the image it's displayed so here are two ways of adding images to your course page by drag and drop or by using the icon in the text editor and the file picker.


Hey everybody, it's Brian. Welcome to the 27th Flitter Tutorial. Today we'll be going over the alert dialog. This is part of the material design widgets and like the snack bar that we covered in the previous tutorial, I'm covering it now so that if I use it in future tutorials, you understand what's going on. So there's really no black magic or voodoo magic or whatever going on here. Should be noted there are other types of alerts such as the bottom sheet and the simple dialog and the expansion panel that we are going to cover until future tutorials. I just wanted to focus on these two for now. So let's go ahead and jump into a blank project here. Got to import material design. We're going to extend the stateful widget. And I'm still like I've said in the past few tutorials got a cold so I've been recording these over a few days but man this cold just will not die. We're going to create the state of this. Oops not new. And we're going to shove my app out is the home of the material app and then in here. So I'm trying to get healthy as fast as possible because I want to go out and see the new Star Wars before it leaves the theaters. It's been out for a little while now. All right so in here it's going to be the same design as we had in the last tutorial where we're going to have the text or we're going to have an app bar we're going to have a text box and then we're going to have a button here so let's go ahead and kill that existing demo. And let's go ahead and type all this out plus sign boy that's an interesting operator. There we go build context. All right so we're just going to build that bad boy out here and we need to actually build our user interface. So first thing we're going to do here is we're going to say we're going to return to scaffold we're going to say alert dialog demo and then the body don't know why I did that. There we go new container just in case somebody downloads this code and they want to add some padding I'm not going to really worry about padding myself but center everything up then we've got our widget array here we're going to say new text field the new erased button and let's go ahead save this missing concrete implement missing concrete implementation of state for which it creates state I'll create start all right let's go ahead and build this run it out make sure this thing actually runs on the device create those resolving dependencies and we're going to push it out here and just give it a minute it should appear on the device. There we go so we've got our text field that we can type into we've got a button that we need to put some text here and when we click this a little alert dialog will pop up here and we can play with that all right so let's branch this out here we're going to set the state here so we need to hold that variable in memory I should say we need to change that variable it's in memory as part of the state and we're going to use this on change right here pump that variable over to our on change function all right so let's actually all right so what we've got so far is basically when the text field is changing we're going to take the value and pump that through the set state into our text variable here now we want to actually show the alert when they click the button and we're going to use the text variable for that now in here what we need to do is we need to create an alert dialog but we don't want to show one if it's empty so we're going to say if value dot is empty then we're just going to return out alert dialog dialog equal new alert dialog and you'll get so used to doing that throughout your little career here as a programmer all right so the content of the alert dialog we want to say new text and in here we want to say the value and then we want to set a style here so let's say style new text style and we want the font size to be 30.0 that has to be a double it cannot be an integer so if you do that it's going to freak out on you all right so we've got that in there now we need to say actions and there is our widget array here what we're going to do for this and let's actually just run this just so you can see what it looks like here did it not run oh probably help if we actually did we do that what's going on here oh I know what we did wrong we forgot to actually show the dialog derp not show about dialog so we want show dialog and the context will be the application context and then we want the child to actually be the dialog save that pump this bad boy back out to our device here and we'll say test and there is our alert dialog and all its glory now if you're looking at these actions widget array over here what we're going to do is we're going to add a list of options here and then when we click that we want to know which option was clicked so let's just get back out of that and sorry about that somebody was texting me and it kind of threw me off a little bit here we need to make it a num here so we'll say and um my dialog options do we call these options or actions let's call them actions my dialog action why not we'll say yes no maybe all right now in here in our actions for the alert dialog we have a list of widgets that we want to pump in here so we're going to just make one widget we'll make a flat button notice how it says on pressing child for us it's very convenient and then it'll say let's say all right now the on press we need to actually wire this into a function here so let's say whoops we're going to take that a num and we're going to put it in here and for this we're just going to print this out we're going to say print the actual value here and then dialog result all right so let's run this back out to the device and then we have a yes and if we click it nothing happens now actually under the hood if i could find my where is it too many options took me a second to find it but it's right here in our little android monitor right there boom so we selected yes let's go ahead and click that a few more times and you can see that it's actually happening in the background here so that was bloody confusing i don't know what i got all hung up on there so we're going to go back in here and we are going to make a couple of these and to close that dialog out we have to go navigator dot pop and we want to pop to the current context that way it's not going to leave the current screen that we're on let's run this again and we'll say do you like flutter we have yes no maybe so let's look in our little android monitor here pop this back where's my emulator there you are and if we say yes you can see that it closes the dialog and we get this you selected the my dialog dot action yes and from there you could do a switch statement to determine what actually you need to do next so pretty simple pretty easy pretty useful too i mean you can do a lot with this you can do yes no maybe you can put other controls in there but drop downs things of that nature pretty awesome for very entry level control well i feel i'm losing my voice this cold still kicking my butt so we're going to call this tutorial done for the source code for this and all other tutorials visit the tutorials tab on void realms dot com go out to get up and if you're so inclined go out to the void realms facebook group where there is 1700 other programmers out there all right thanks for watching


Thank you all for joining and welcome to our session on labour market and employment. My name is Simona Shatter and I'm a research associate at UNewider. And today we're going to discuss the labour market implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated policy measures. We have a very interesting lineup of speakers with broad geographic coverage with country case studies from Latin America, Asia and the Middle East and North Africa. And our speakers will specifically look at the impact of the pandemic on workers depending on the type and location of the activities they engage in, the degree of formalization as well as important demographic characteristics. Please feel free to drop your questions in the Q&A section of the sessions tab. We will administer those at the end of the session so we first listen to all speakers. So without further ado I would now turn to our first speaker who is Samar Abdel-Maghid, assistant lecturer at the British University in Egypt and she's going to talk about economic support versus containment measures and empirical study of the impacts of COVID-19 on labour markets. Hello everyone, hope you're all doing well. My name is Samar Abdel-Maghid. Thank you very much for giving me the opportunity to present my paper which is entitled economic support versus containment measures and empirical study of the impacts of COVID-19 on labour markets. So my presentation will include an introduction and the main research question followed by the main methods and data employed by the study. Then I'm going to present the main results and end up with a conclusion. So the impact of the current COVID-19 crisis are undeniable and felt by all countries in the world. So since the pandemic states all over the world have first enforced a group of actions that aim to limit the spread of the disease then they move to adopt a series of economic support measures to mitigate the economic ordeal that accompanies containment measures. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the economic support measures implemented by different countries in the world on the labour markets in face of the negative implications of the containment measures. The research will focus more on the many regions which is one of the world's regions that have been already facing many challenges in its economies where one-third of the workers are in the risk of losing their jobs or witnessing reductions in their working hours and wages due to the pandemic. So to examine the impacts of the measures adopted by different countries the study relies on the data of the Oxford COVID-19 government response tracker which are available for over 180 countries and include an overall government response index along with three sub-indexes including stringency containment and health and economic support. Moreover to study the microeconomic impacts of the pandemic on people living in the minor regions the study uses the COVID-19 manna monitor survey which were available for Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia for two rounds in November 2020 and February 2021 comprising a total of 10,478 respondents including data about their different socio-economic characteristics. The study fits a group of regression models to examine the impacts of different government response measures on the unemployment rates in 2020 and the logistic regression model is fitted to explore the probabilities and the individual socio-economic characteristics associated with experiencing income decreases during COVID-19 and receiving governmental cash support among people living in the minor regions. So the main results show that many countries have average levels above the world average for the government response index the containment and health index as well as the stringency index. However the average level for menna is lower than the world average for the economic support index. This can also be shown from the heat map of the overall government response index for individual menna countries from January 2020 to April 2021 where darker colors refer to higher levels and it can be shown that the the overall government response index had higher levels in the menna region compared to the economic support index. Moving on to the results of the regression analysis it can be shown that the government overall response index had a positive impact on unemployment rates meaning that it had higher unemployment rates in 2020 the same also applies for the stringency index however no association was found between the economic support index and the unemployment rates in 2020. For the microeconomic impact of the pandemic on people living in the menna region according to the COVID-19 menna monitor survey among their respondents 30.7 percent reported that they witnessed decreased decreases in their monthly in their household monthly income by more than 25 percent. Moreover among those reported being unemployed in the survey 53.3 percent were private sector wage workers while 17.3 percent were employers or self-employed as of the end of February 2020. As for the business difficulties 18 percent of the respondents reported loss in demand as for the changing working conditions another 18 percent or an 18 percent proportion reported changing working hours and for the governmental cash support by respondents the majority of respondents in all of the menna country surveyed reported receiving no cash support from the government. Moving on to the results of the logistical regression it has been shown that the females have higher probabilities of witnessing income decreases also workers in the informal sector in the irregular or irregular workers and wage workers in the private sector have also higher probabilities of decreases in income and moving on to the logistical regression of receiving governmental cash support it has been shown that living in Tunisia and Egypt is associated with lower probabilities of receiving governmental cash support and working as a private sector wage worker or as an irregular worker is associated with higher probabilities of receiving governmental cash support. Now to conclude it can be said that government response and distringency indexes have led to increases in the unemployment rates among worldwide countries during 2020. On the other hand the economic support measures didn't have any significant correlations neither with unemployment nor with GDP growth rates. On average the menna region had lower levels of adopted economic support measures compared to the world and in the menna region despite of having an average chance of more than 45% of experiencing at the season income the average chance of receiving a governmental cash support was only about 1.5%. The chances of having income decreases during the pandemic in the menna region were higher than 50% percent among females private sector wage workers irregular workers and workers in the informal sector being an unemployed female with less than basic education who was previously working irregularly in the private informal sector is associated with a 90% chance of income decrease during the pandemic and only a 1.8% chance of receiving a governmental cash support in the menna country. To conclude the countries in the menna region needs to work on expanding and enhancing their targeting mechanisms to reach more of the groups who are most in need of economic support during the ongoing pandemic crisis. Thank you very much for listening. Thank you very much Samar. We directly would move to our next speaker who's Francesca Pereira based at the National University of General Samiente in Argentina and she's going to talk about precarization or protection the impact of digital platform labor for domestic workers in Argentina in times of the pandemic. Many thanks for having us at the conference our presentation is about the impact of digital platform labor for domestic workers in Argentina in times of pandemic before starting a very quick note about the significant weight of this occupation in countries like ours domestic service represents 6% of the total occupation in Argentina and 21% of all salary given and even though the legislation of the activities highly protective the main problem to access labor right has to do with the fact that we still have 75% of all domestic workers in informatics in this context we decided to study the digital platform solvers which is the only digital platform in the sector in the country it was born in 2014 it reports having nearly 20 000 active workers in the country and it's important to note that the platform does not charge workers rather it charges employers for for each job placement it makes so the platform is an intermediary in the sector that contacts employers with workers also employers can choose to join what is called the solvers payment system which is not compulsory but is aggressively promoted by the platform this system implies that for a monthly fee charged to employers they receive some services from the platform basically the platform takes care of making all the payment of workers salary each month through an automatic debit from employers bank accounts and also if the employer wishes so the platform formalizes the worker and this means that the platform takes care of all the bureaucratic procedures to do so and also again takes care of all the monthly payments for social security by debiting them from the employer's bank account this has benefits for workers as well they get a free bank account open when they receive the payment through solvers system a debit card a credit card and they also access personal loans which are highly valued by them our work is based on in-depth interviews with platform workers plus a survey of 300 platform workers where we were able to collect information about nearly 1000 job positions and we asked about job positions before and during the pandemic in order to establish comparisons we also used to the our argentina's household permanent survey in order to establish comparisons between solvers and the sector as a whole this slide will consider registration rates outside and inside the platform and we restrict the analysis to job positions of up to 23 weekly hours because 95% of all jobs created by solvers do not surpass that time limit this is the platform uh over represents short hour positions is more successful in this segment of the the sector and these are particularly the job positions that have been more resilient to formalization policies in the country in solvers this kind of job positions have a registration rate of 43 percent in comparison with 16 percent of the national level and if we consider jobs that are paid via the solvers payment system that i referred to before the registration rate goes up to 66 percent as the testimonies of workers show solvers constantly sends information about labor rights and registration in particular and many times workers use this information as a backup in order to negotiate with employers to finalize what happened with job protections in the platform during the pandemic domestic service was indeed one of the most affected occupations worldwide in terms of job destruction in graph three we do observe that registrations imply high rates of job preservation within the platform and this is also the case outside the platform however we also want to share this other graph with you which might look as a paradox because even if the platform exhibits much higher registration rates in global terms job destruction was significantly higher here as we can see more than half of the job positions were lost whereas outside the platform this percentage drops to 20 percent which is still high but job destruction was much more devastating within the platform this apparent paradox has to do with what we call the vulnerability effects of short work in our positions this missile costs consist of one monthly wage per year and since salaries are very low because in the short working hours the severance base becomes very accessible plus the rotation in this type of positions is considerably higher than in full-time positions and most workers do not reach more than one year in the job thus the dismissal cost tends to consist of a very low monthly wage this trend is verified in the sector as a whole but obviously becomes more intense in solvers because this is the type of job insertion that prevails here to conclude the platform shows an interesting capacity to promote registration precisely among those work positions that have proven more resilient to formalization policies this is short work in our positions within the sector and the tools used by the platform to promote registration have to do with constant information and regulation disseminate them on workers and employers and also the solver payment system constitutes an additional incentive as it offers to take care of bureaucratic procedures and payments required by registration since there are numerous employment agencies intermediating in the sector perhaps these are tools that are worth to promote and expand in terms of the pandemic even though registration did have a protective effect against job destruction this was severely reduced within the platform because of the vulnerability effect of short work in our positions that prevail in the combat thank you very much and we look forward to your question thank you francis test and our next presenter will be subaria and live assistant professor at the department of economics federal or the university of art science and technology islamic Pakistan and she's going to talk about the impact of covet 19 on labor market outcomes in Pakistan close yet hello everyone first of all i would like to say thanks to you and wider for organizing this conference on the most important theme of our times and thank you so much for giving us this opportunity to present our work in front of this game discussant in audience i'm zubari and live and i'm working as an assistant professor at department of economics federal or university of art science and technology islamic Pakistan and today i'm going to talk about the impact of covet 19 pandemic on labor market outcomes in Pakistan and i think this studies will be relevant for the other developing economies so let me introduce the topic first the covet 19 pandemic is an example of the global economic crisis in recent times it has affected almost every sector of the economy women and young workers and those who are working in informal sector are more affected by this pandemic according to ilo monitor almost nine percent of global working powers were lost in the last year which is alternatively equivalent to 255 million full-time jobs so here comes the implication of the human capital theory as education helps individuals as to cope up with any kind of disability on this slide we have presented the snapshot of the Pakistani labor market we can see overall made and female labor force participation rates are almost stagnant are a very little variation for the last decade irrespective of the gender most of the employed persons are working in informal sector for the last 20 years we have found immense literature about the impact of covet 19 pandemic on labor market outcomes for different economies around the globe but we could not find any notable study in case of Pakistan based upon the previous discussion and facts and figures now we are able to specify the objective of the present study the present studies are first-ever attempt to capture the impact of the covet 19 pandemic on labor market outcomes in case of Pakistan we have applied linear probability model and binary logistic model um the first model dependent variable is employment disruption in the second model the dependent variable is employment loss and in the third model we have taken both employment disruption our employment costs as a dependent variable whereas xi represents different symmetry variables we have used the special rapid appraisal survey conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics during October November 2020 the sample size comprised of 6000 households across Pakistan and almost 23,000 individuals aged 10 years and above so this is a variable description table and we have included different age groups educational categories occupations and employment statuses and also region and province of residence descriptive statistics according to the descriptive statistics most of the younger workers who belong to the age group of 15 to 25 years have to suffer from employment disruption our employment costs male constitutes the highest share in the employment losses category married workers comprise a sizable proportion in the three groups that are employment loss disruption and same status workers with no formal education represents the highest proportion of the sample across all categories the highest proportion of employed in the same status groups are skilled agricultural workers followed by the workers in elementary eco-patients and service workers most urban workers have to suffer from employment losses as compared to their rural counterparts over empirical results provide two interesting policy insights as compared to the age group of 46 years are older young workers who belong to the age group of 15 to 25 years are more likely to face employment losses male workers were less likely to suffer from employment disruptions compared to female workers male workers had a lower probability of both experiencing employment disruptions as well as employment process the empirical results show a higher probability of employment disruption for almost all education levels compared to the base category of no formal education workers employed in white collar jobs having a higher probability of facing employment disruptions compared to the workers in elementary eco-patients which is letters and senior officials and professionals skilled agricultural workers and technicians had a lower probability of losing employment compared to the elementary workers in terms of employment status the result revealed that paid employees self-employed and employers all had a higher probability of both experiencing employment disruption and employment losses individuals residing in urban areas of the country have higher chances of experiencing employment disruption but have lower probability of suffering from employment losses the special survey also collected information on the different types of social protection benefits that's the selected household were receiving or had received during the pandemic period 24 percent of individuals who lost their jobs received cash transfers through the SS emergency program that was launched as part of the fiscal stimulus package announced by the government of Pakistan to provide basic income support to low-income households here are the conclusions of our discussion uh workers who belong to the younger age group are more likely to suffer from employment disruptions as compared to the reference category k pk province workers belong to the other three provinces are more likely to face employment losses the empirical estimates also revealed that there is less probability for skilled agriculture workers and technicians as compared to other occupational groups to suffer from employment disruptions workers in most occupations faced a lower probability of employment loss compared to the reference category of elementary workers however workers with degree level of education had a higher probability of facing employment disruption while workers with metric and above level of education were less likely to experience too um in employment loss over empirical analysis indicates that to improve the situation for those workers who are suffering from employment losses and disruptions the government should design special program and policies to provide employment opportunities to the low-income and vulnerable segment of the employed community the empirical analysis also highlighted that there's a need to improve the education level of the adult workforce to increase their resilience to any future employment shock in future expanding the access to secondary and higher education is particularly important in this regard it is also important to focus on digital literacy among the employed workforce there are two limitations and also we propose the future directions thank you so much and I'm looking forward for comments to our suggestion to improve our work great thanks a lot um Subirian just a reminder for our audience to also drop questions in the Q&A section I try to start off the conversation with two questions there and please feel free to add we would then move to our next speaker who's Anand Fakir PhD candidate in economics at the University of Western Australia Anand is going to do his presentation live and I'm going to announce a minute left after six minutes if that's okay with you so please suggest yes thank you thank you for having me here we're looking into essentially the role of mobility restrictions in halting the spread of COVID-19 and this study was inspired by essentially the lives versus livelihood debate that's been going around lately right so we know that due to the COVID-19 we've seen the biggest state led mobility and activity restrictions there is a debate as to whether it's it was too slow and insufficient or whether it was too extreme and also is it too much or too little and there's a wide literature out there that mentions that it really depends on the effectiveness of these measures they're not they're examples of when they're not always successful and can worsen the situation so to that effect what we're really interested in in this in the study is how effective are these measures in containing the COVID-19 contagion and what contribute to the effectiveness but of course we know that any studies like these are prone to endogeneity so we know that restrictions are in response to expected dizzy situation of the future whereas watchful populations and governments can take early action so we have to account for this endogeneity the way we address this endogeneity is we focus the studies mainly on the first phase and taking the perspective that governments in deciding the level of restrictions looked at not only the dizzy situation at their home country but also what they would expect to happen in the absence of measures of strict measures so they looked into actions taken by the surrounding countries as well assuming that your countries around you are imposing stricter restrictions there would be greater pressure on your own country to enact the same so based on that we develop a 2SLS model so it's an instrument variable approach where we look at the stringencies in the countries in the particular sub region except my own country to instrument for how much stringency I would enacting in my own country and then essentially using that to figure out its effect on growth rate of cases and other outcome measures as I will quickly show now the exclusion criteria here I will get back to that in a bit but before that the data comes from 127 countries and we focus on the first phase so 15th 5th to 30th July we take stringency measures from the Oxford Oaks GRT government response tracker the mobility data comes from the Google mobility data and the tests cases and deaths data comes essentially from the Johns Hopkins repository and also from our world's data now the exclusion restriction hinges on for example if I am responding to the restriction measures in other countries but not in my own home country the instrument becomes invalid so in that case we see that that really doesn't happen in day zero is when the country went under a national lockdown and we see that that's when stringency jumps up and that's also where mobility restrictions tend to fall down in the majority of the cases okay so the first set of results is just showing that there is a lag zero and lag 14 and 5 in fact this goes on to lag 828 but we don't show that here that as the stringence index goes up there is a reduction mobility across all these measures and increase in residential mobility okay and we also see a similar effect in terms of case to test ratio and deaths to test ratio these are the two measures we'll be focusing on and we believe these are the better approximation of this measure now we know that covid is um covid data is riddled with a lot of limitations which I'm happy to talk about later on so the next thing we do is we break the effect by certain characteristics of the country and this is by population demographics and also by other measures such as corruption, perception index, democracy score, government effectiveness and so on so um in a nutshell what's really happening is that restrictions curve mobility better in developing countries surprisingly we weren't expecting this at least using the google mobility data that we're using essentially countries that are more densely populated poor or more unequal or more polluted younger but healthy populations and more health infrastructure restrictions seem to work better in these countries however restrictions contained the contagion better in developed countries countries that are richer more equal less polluted older but healthier populations better health infrastructure countries that are more democratic with better government effectiveness now um this does not necessarily mean that less mobility translates to better contagion containment okay so um the next thing that we try to see is that um compared to changes in mobility so only due to changes in mobility due to stringent policy measures how much of the growth rate of the contagion was affected so we use a three-stage recursive cmp model to assess that and um the results are fairly in in line um so the way to interpret this statement would be that a one unit increase in transit station mobility causes cases to test test ratios to increase by this amount and once again we see that countries that manage to curb mobility better due to stringent measures um acted better in countries that have more education that have um more older age for the population that have a greater cpi score democracy score government effectiveness hospital beds and so on so what's really happening is that um the reduction in mobility is not really curbing the contagion as much in developing countries as much as it did in developed countries now there are multiple reasons that can have that led to this happen and i'll leave that for the discussion later on but in conclusion what i want to point out is that we need to complement restriction policies with awareness and other assistance schemes in developing countries mobility restrictions are not alone not sufficient in developing countries as it is in developed countries i think i'm right on time so i'll stop here thank you perfect thank you adnan and great timing actually it didn't have to jump in just on time perfect we would then before moving into the discussion move to our last speaker who's minnow higa um phd students and economics at simon fraser university and he's going to present about the persistent effect of covered 19 on labor outcomes evidence from peru thank you hi everyone i am minnow higa a phd student at simon fraser university i would like to thank the organizers for the opportunity to present this paper that is titled the persistent effects of cobit 19 labor outcomes evidence from peru this is joint work with carlos ospinno and fernando aragon so there are several studies that examine the effects of cobit 19 unemployment they have documented large negative effects especially for vulnerable workers and these studies has focused their attention mainly on short term effects during the first months of the pandemic which is useful to identify initial costs of lockdowns but it is less informative if societies adapt to the shock in these studies there is also limited evidence about latino america and in particular about peru despite being one of the hardest hit countries in the world as you can see in this graph where you can locate peru in the top left corner uh with the largest confirmed death per million people and also the largest drop gdp and this is for the second quarter of 2020 so in this paper we answer the question what are the short and medium term effects of a cobit 19 on labor outcomes um something important uh to note this here is that we uh we can only identify uh the vandal of shocks related to the pandemic but we won't be able to identify specific policies like social distancing or lockdown uh from other phenomena that is happening in the disease environment and we're going to focus our analysis for peru and in particular for lima which is the capital city that concentrates one third of the population one third of the labor market half of the gdp and also half of the cobit 19 cases and cobit 19 the related to answer this question we are going to use an event study framework and we are going to take advantage of uh the panel of individual that we have in our data set that covers the period uh from january 2019 to june this year so our results um from the event study are presented here so first we corroborate the dramatic uh dropping labor outcomes at the beginning of of the pandemic uh found by other studies but something else to notice is that this negative effect alternates over time however it is persistent and sizable uh even by the second quarter of this year so this graph is for hours work we have uh similar results for labor income uh limitation in this study is that there might be some changes in sample composition so for instance some sub-populations uh maybe were difficult to serve during the pandemic so to address this we check two things so first we check the sample size uh in the months before and after the pandemic and instead for march 2020 uh all uh months have uh similar sample sizes and second we did this exercise uh that is reported in the table so what we did here is is we restrict our sample or we restrict our analysis uh to the observations uh that are in our panel data so if you want to address changes in composition let's keep those individuals who were before and after the pandemic so in columns one and three what you have is the estimates that we use to build a graph that i showed you before but in column two and four i restrict the observations to the panel sample and we control for individual fix effects so there you can see that uh similar results are very similar uh for hours work and labor income and using also our panel sample we explore who were more negatively negatively affected so in the first lockdown informal and less educated workers were more affected and there is a sizable difference so the magnitude of the negative shop is hard if you're a formal and better educated worker in the immediate term less educated workers workers in vulnerable industries um like retail hospitality and transport and women with small children were more affected and regarding this last point we find some suggestive evidence of within household relocation of labor because in households with small children women decrease their hours of work and income and we find the opposite effect for males and once we analyze the effect of having uh small children for the entire household we don't we don't find any effect so apparently these negative effects for females and these positive effects for males are set uh when we look at the household level uh when we look the outcomes of the household level so to conclude this persistent negative effect uh highlights the limitation of policy and the capacity of the society to adapt to the shock and also suggest uh that the economic cost will be significant uh as long as there is a threat of covid and this is relevant for the less developed countries where there is a slow-producing vaccination and there is a threat of search of more aggressive variants and finally our heterogeneous effect suggests uh um some long lasting effects for instance decrease in the income gap between educated and less educated workers and the awakening of uh women's bargaining power within the household so that's it thank you so much okay great thanks so much i hope we have francesca back on stage soon and we have about eight minutes left for q and a um let me maybe go in the order of the speakers and ask the first question to samar who investigated the impact on a number of um um in our countries and i was wondering to what extent you prefer to disentangle the effect of this government's stringency measure with the effect of the pandemic overall so to say like whether you control for how large or how much a country and the economy had been affected by the pandemic shock as such and try to disentangle this further from the government's stringency level to try to give an idea of how we can attribute these employment effects and thank you muted yeah yeah thank you very much for the question so um the database which is the oxford government response tracker database has several indexes to detect the response to to the pandemic and it has the overall response index and then it have it it has three sub indexes so um i try to disentangle the effects by um running the model or using each one of these sub indexes so i examine the effect of the overall government response index which combines all of the indicators used to measure the responses and then i try to examine the the effect of the stringency index which includes some measures such as the closure restrictions of schools of public places and social gatherings and so on and i found that the the overall index and the stringency index both have uh like negative impacts just to give the association or the correlation focusing on the economic support index which is again one of the sub indexes used to measure the overall government response index but i found no correlation or no association between the the economic support index which is measured mainly by the support given by the government to workers who lost their jobs or who lost part of their income and also the that that relief that some governments have offered but i couldn't find any relationship between the economic support index and the unemployment rates so um i try to investigate the impacts of the different indexes used by the database to measure the different aspects of the responses regarding the unemployment rate in order to disentangle these effects Thank you for your clarification and if you have any questions think it's unmasked and it's hard to identify a possibility here of policies that usually often don't just choose a topic that's quite interesting to see in that sense The next question was to be consistent and moderating when it has this kind of global effect of institutional platforms like i think the first part of the presentation it was a quite positive picture but depending on the actual increasing registration and formalization in terms of this talk it seemed like the qualitative demonstrations in terms of the value they had for the workers and in terms of how they were so high and i just wondered what is your takeaway maybe in a quick response like on various platforms Okay in terms of formalization in the in terms of the particular dimension of formalization the platform effect is positive because workers access to labor rights such as pay holidays minimum wage and so on but the problem is that they have short work in our positions within the platform and short our positions are more vulnerable to job extraction this is this happens inside and outside the platform the problem is that they predominate within the platform so perhaps some particular policy in terms of these short hours positions and the severance pace they imply because it's very easy to dismiss a worker that even if she's formal if she works for very low hours she will lose the job during the pandemics for example so in this particular dimension formality the platform has very positive effects but because of the nature of the fetters of the the jobs that predominate within the platform job stability is not one of the positive outcomes not for the platform not outside the platform and there are other aspects of the platform i want to point out that are not very bright but because of time restrictions we couldn't develop them i don't want to pay the picture the platform is an excellent tool because it has many problems for example of back qualification systems and low wages lower than outside the platform and so on but in terms of formality which is a bit concerning argentina when it comes to domestic service the platform has a positive outcome but it doesn't reach protections because of the short work in our positions that dominate within the the company thank you so much for the question and yes industry industry survey we are considering the earning loss only and secondly we have labor force survey data for a longer time period and the last round off this survey was conducted this in 2017-18 and so in the next round of survey i expect to get the data about the post-covid scenario of employment and unemployment thank you thanks to all the speakers and to the audience and maybe i can ask you now if you still want to hang on or i can send you a message okay i have been wondering about your result where we see kind of a larger reduction in mobility in developing countries but then a more pronounced effect in the developed countries and i was wondering whether we have some type of selection effect there that you're maybe new mobility data and the google mobility data only capture the better part of the population more likely to be able to stay home on the one hand and then the other one i was wondering about whether we might have some type of settlement effect of people just living in very densely populated areas and some sort of township or other type of slum environment where you don't need to be far to get in touch with many people kind of and therefore it's adjusted thinking about this impossible channels and your thoughts on this yeah you're absolutely right we do control for population density at a quite a minute level so that it's that's not something we're worried about but we think that the data is definitely selected simply because google mobility data traces people who uses their google accounts and etc so there's definitely a selection bias happening there so that's why we don't like stressing on that particular set of results because it doesn't make sense and there's definitely a selection issue going there but i thought what was more important is the fact that cdblogs grt and without using the mobility data we do see a stronger falling containing the contagion in developed countries and that's what we wish to focus on a bit more yeah but you're absolutely right there is a selection going on there and there's another thing is that we can't disentangle so for example when people are self-disciplining versus actually responding to stringent measures the effect is capturing both of them we can't disentangle the two like is it due to the stringent measures or is it due to a certain subset of the population being self-disciplining themselves yeah that's another caveat that we have thank you single that's your absolutely spot on yeah great thanks so much and i can actually verbally thank all the presenters and the audience for this very nice session and i think what we saw across the presentation is that informal workers and workers in more vulnerable type of positions have been particularly affected by the pandemic and there remains much need for policy to address this in their post-pandemic context um thanks so much and hope you enjoyed the rest of the conference see you thank you thank you bye


Hi there. Welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosalier. I wanted to do a video talking about an article that came out in the Times of Israel, which for those who don't know is a very, very big online newspaper. It came out on October 6th. So earlier this month, relative to when I'm recording this video, the article was by a journalist called Ricky Bendavid. And it's entitled, Israeli housing prices have nearly doubled in a decade with no signs of slowing. Now, I don't typically record videos about articles that appeared on news websites. And the reason I'm doing this is because I truly think that this was a very, very significant article. And it's also an article that I suspect and I know is going to be glossed over in the news cycle. In fact, it's already happened. Now, yes, that's only natural. There is such thing as a news cycle and things get displaced. But there is a much bigger issue in my opinion in Israel. And that's permanently that these huge socioeconomic problems get totally pushed out of the way because there's always some security situation that forms the central part of political parties, election manifestos. I've been living in Israel for six years. During the course of that time, I've lived through multiple elections, including the famous three elections stalemate we had. I've tried to follow what the various political parties have been putting out in terms of material intended to reach voters. And I've seen very, very sparse attention ever being paid to not just the housing crisis, but indeed to any socioeconomic Israel issue in Israel. That includes also the cost of living, which has been repeatedly found to be among the very highest in the world. According to one index, Israel was rated the eighth most expensive country in the world and the second most expensive country on a per square meter property basis. Now, this is kind of what this article by Ricky Bendavid discusses talking about basically how insane the property bubble has become. Now, that actually brings me to a point that there's really not much scope to talk about the Israeli property bubble. Because if this is a property market that shows no signs of correcting even during the pandemic, is it really fair to call that a bubble or is this just the typical state of the housing market here in Israel? Now, a lot of the coverage talking about real estate in Israel has been talking about how positive that attribute of the market is. The market always goes up. Property in Israel is a great investment. And I just have to make the point, even though it's 100% obvious, one person's great investment is another person's struggle to get on the property ladder. And that issue is just not being addressed, but it's dressed very, very well by this article. One other observation I would say living in Israel and consuming, I try to watch one hour of Hebrew TV or YouTube per night just to try to get the language going. I'm seeing, thankfully, more attention being paid in the internal discourse to this issue. And that is so, so overdue because the numbers here are mind boggling. Now, this whole housing crisis issue doesn't just talk to an issue of here's a problem in Israel and here is the extent of the problem. And here are some solutions. I think this also talks to a dynamic. I've been seeing for quite some time, especially recently for whatever reason, this massive disconnect between diaspora, jury and jury in Israel. And there seems to be this mentality. I don't know if it's always been a mentality or it's just emerged that you can't criticize anything about Israel without being anti-Israel. And that's ludicrous. It's crazy to suggest that this housing crisis, this is a huge issue. You know, if a diaspora, some Jewish person living in London or in New York were to ask me, what do I think about living in Israel? By the way, I was quoted in this article and I would probably repeat the quote that I gave this journalist, which is how can I possibly envision a future in a country that only offers indefinite renting and in which the rental market is kind of a disaster. There's really no such thing as long-term rents in Israel. Rents relative to property are not actually that expensive, but it's kind of an unregulated jungle. And people would say Israel is an amazing country and it's doing amazing things and hasn't its response to COVID been amazing. And I would say all those things are true. Now, some people, of course, are very anti-Israel politically. But with the pro-Israel crowd, I can connect about all those issues, but I can't really connect because as somebody living here, this is the issue. The cost of living, the salaries relative to the cost of living, which do not make sense by and large. And the property market, which is, yes, a global dynamic, but in Israel, it's an insane dynamic and it creates a feeling of total and utter hopelessness for young people living in Israel because the amount of money required for a down payment. This is, if you ask me, the single most concerning slash shocking fact in this article, it's $262,000. That means that to qualify for a mortgage, we're talking about the down payment, not the cost of the property, to qualify for a mortgage because Israel's central bank limits the down payment at 25%. That's the entry level and even that's higher than a lot of countries. Ireland, you can get 10% first time homeowner mortgages. But that $262,000 down payment, which is to state the obvious, more than a quarter of a million United States dollars. That's what you need to get on the housing market in Israel. That does not make sense in a country where the average salary is in the 40,000 to 50,000 range. How are young people supposed to come up with a quarter of a million bucks in savings? That's ludicrous. There are other just really, really good observations in this article by Ricky Ben-David. I just want to scroll through it for a few minutes and just sort of talk about a few of them. One interesting one here was that year on just this year so far, YTD year to date, it's been more than a 12% increase in the price of real estate. Now that is crazy. We're talking about 2021, the year of the pandemic. This article was written in October 6, which means they're still effectively October, November, December, an entire quarter left in the year for that 12% to become 15% or 16%. So to say that the market is overheating or overheated is a gigantic understatement. That's what the Times of Israel shows as its subtitle. Personally, if I was working at this newspaper, I would have gone for the shocking mortgage figure. But that one is pretty shocking too. Whoever was copy-editing this piece had a lot of options to choose from in terms of statistics. So that's shocking. There's a few more here that are just kind of mind-boggling. The average price, now one thing about Israel for those not based on Israel, to no important context for reading this article is to understand that in Israel, the vast majority of people are living in apartments, not houses. So not only are we talking about staggering sums of money, $250,000 United States dollars. We're talking about those staggering sums of money to live in an apartment, not a detached home. It's just ludicrous. The average price for a four room, this was in 2011, right? That was 1.45 million shekels, which is today $450,000 in US dollars. And that's actually gone up. That's an old figure. By 2013, housing prices had increased by at least... I'm not trying to rob this article from the journal. I'm just trying to regurgitate or repeat some of these just to really get the extent of the housing crisis out to anybody interested. And that includes I think a lot of diaspora Jews who again, as I mentioned, I hate to use this word, but I think live in a kind of permanent delusion about Israel and just buy into this idea that everything in Israel is perfect and everything Israel does is perfect. Now a lot of people will hate me for saying that, but I do believe a lot of people buy into that. This is not perfect, this is not a perfect situation. By June 2021, so this is the current figure, the average cost of a four room apartment in Israel was roughly 2.2 million shekels. $682,608 USD at the time this article was published. So that's almost $700,000. Again, we're talking about an apartment, not a detached house. So that's where the market stands. You can see why the situation is so problematic because on the one hand, you have these absolutely crazy property values. On the other hand, you have this high minimum down payment requirement levied by the Central Bank of Israel. And I have rarely been called a mathematical genius, but if you multiply a big number by a relatively high multiplier, you're going to get another big, big number out of that mathematics. And that's kind of what has happened in Israel. There's more details here. One of those is that it talks about the government's scheme to incentivize home ownership, which is a lottery program. It was the replacement for Mechir la Meshta'ken, which was Israel's older program. And it talks about how, I don't want to use the word miserly, but how limited that is in terms of a scheme and it's qualified by all sorts of qualifications, like the fact that the houses in it cannot be in what are called luxury or desirable areas. Just a couple more things before I wrap up on this video here. Now, they included some good commentary from economics researchers who do point out that it is a global issue. There's absolutely no doubt that young people around the world are having difficulty getting on the property ladder. But what I, in the quotation I sent in for this piece, what the economists are saying is essentially that, well, in Israel, it's just like taken, it's like injected with steroids. It's so crazy. So people, now here is again, here is a bit of the article I find absolutely mind boggling. So this is from Professor Dani Ben-Shachar. So people looking to buy an apartment nowadays must come up with roughly 840,000 shackles, $261,140 in private equity. So that's that number there. And it's the source of that is his, this research by this economist for the Q2 of 2021. And that's already risen from the start of the year where that figure was 230,000. So you can see the extent that the idea of owning property in Israel, to say it's a moving target is again an understatement. Research has also shown that the wages in Israel have not really risen commensurate with the cost of living, which is also extraordinarily high. So the financial situation that exists in Israel today, I don't like to use the word impossible because it's so negative and obviously there's lack of hope. Everything can always be changed. So my hope would be I'm thinking about writing a book on the general economic picture in Israel, really. And talking about some of these suggestions, right now we have simultaneously going on a few dynamics that are just impossible. We have property being insanely expensive. We have the cost of living being very high. And the third dynamic we have is that salaries outside of the 10% of the economy working for high tech companies remain relative to the cost of living insufficient or too low. And this is just pushing in a year in which that equity required for home ownership has risen by more than 25,000 USD in the space of one year. I mean, how can you work with those economics? It's not possible to work with them. Also worth pointing out, there's a huge concentration of wealth in Israel and a huge degree of income inequality that this article points to. So this was a shocking, another one of the shocking numbers according to a 2014 report, 67.3% of assets in Israel were held by the top 10% of the top, in other words, I doesn't say of what I believe it's of by net worth. So we're talking just just pause and think about what was written there that two thirds of the property in Israel are owned by 10% of the population. Now what you've seen happen in Israel is just this crazy mass wealth transfer of land originally being relatively cheap or property being cheap and that no longer being the case and a lot of people holding a lot of it and using those properties as investment properties because it's a great market to invest in. It's a terrible market to come here without a fortune in your bank account and you attempt to organically save money through doing a job that pulls in an average Israeli salary, which is kind of my situation and to try to amass more than a quarter of a million dollars in savings. That just does not make sense. So there's some more statistics here about the Michir Le Mishdaken program I mentioned earlier and some guy asking if that was a joke, the income distribution and the restricted supply. Now this is where the article gets interesting because it's one thing to point out everything that is wrong with this country. It's another thing to posit solutions. Now let's just talk about something extraordinary. I'm just going to swap back to the article momentarily. Over 90% of the land in Israel is state owned and managed by the ILA, the Israel Land Authority. Now what is alleged or being described by these economists is that that's a crazy high percentage firstly of state ownership of land, 90%. And it's basically saying that there is restricted supply and it's insufficient to meet demands, but again this is where we venture into the territory perhaps of conspiracy theorists. It's saying that the banks and the property developers are doing very well. Now if you're interested, if your Hebrew is good enough there is a good show called Ta Ezraah Guetta. It means the Citizen Guetta, it's a former Shass MK and that's up on Khan's YouTube channel and that's kind of similar. He investigates these issues. He's done one about the major developing companies that get these crazy state tenders to build out massive. So there's people doing very, very well in Israel and there's people doing poorly. I don't want to paint myself as a victim, but I'm just a typical young person. There is hundreds and thousands of olim like me for whom this picture just does not make sense. And I, you know, it's just crazy. So this was, this guy says, is it a joke? The target price program replaced, replacing the Mikhail Lamech.ken by Alkin. It's 20% if you win it. If you qualify off the market price. Now again, we have to point out that 12.5% in the year to date. That is just, it's absurd and it's qualified by location and that's the best solution that the Israeli government has been offered today. And there's more discussion from the economists. Basically the ideas are being number one to break this ridiculous state monopoly on the supply of land in Israel. The second idea being tabled is to punitively tax foreign Jews. No, I hate to say foreign Jews, but predominantly those investing in Israel's real estate bubble are foreign Jews because it's created this bizarre situation in which people who actually move to Israel olim khadashim are unable to get on the property ladder and Jews who have not decided to live to Israel are getting wealthy on the back of Israel's market. So it's kind of talking about state intervention on the one hand pulling back intervention in the supply of property or land for development and on the other hand increasing state intervention in enforcing punitive taxation measures against these high net worth individuals who are driving the bubble and on the third hand building more on the fourth hand offering something better than 20% in places that probably not so many people want to live and in places where most people couldn't really get a job and these are all problematic dynamics. So right now based on this piece it would be toxic positivity to say that there are many happy takeaways from this article. There are many good questions raised. There are some very illuminating things pointed out here about how wealth is distributed in Israel and how in what I think is fascinating in the space of such a short time Israel has gone from such a poor country such a socialist country to such an extreme capitalist country with high income inequality 67% of the property owned by the top decile and nowadays for somebody coming to Israel having to find some way to muster up more than a quarter of a million dollars simply to put a down payment on an apartment that is absolutely ludicrous and I will end with this thing. People talk about threats to Israel all the time especially politicians talk about Gaza they talk about Hezbollah they talk about the Iranian nuclear program and these are threats these are physical threats to the survival of Israel I saw someone on Twitter make this point and I want to back it this is also a massive threat to Zionism because Israel is trying to bring in some vast amount of new immigrants 500,000 and its playbook needs changing in my opinion it's just saying come to Israel to never be able to own property who would want to do that so Zionism and ideology can only take Israel so far and these dynamics are just I can't I would honestly say it's funny because I'm following this video up with one about mental health and honestly these dynamics are kind of depressing because in the Israeli economy of a 45 hour work week it kind of feels a bit thankless to be working very hard to just rent forever in a rental market that is unregulated and also has its own set of problems that weren't discussed in this piece so I'm sorry to be negative I do believe the toxic positivity is a massive massive problem and thing in the pro-Israel community that gigantic gigantic flaws with the economics of the state of Israel are just swept under the carpet and people I saw someone on Facebook saying you know this article is fake news if you're going to the level of conspiracy theory just to tune out the pointing out of uncomfortable realities then there is a problem thank you for watching that video and hopefully more videos coming soon about Israel and other things of interest to those subscribing to this channel


Welcome everybody, Jason here for JasperJasperCaseRace.com. We're giving away 10 Immaculate Basketball Spots away with this 2021 Panini Prison Multi-Pak Satellite No. 157. And here we go. First we do the break, randomize the teams, distribute the hits out. And then at the end of the break, we'll take all 30 customer names, randomize them, and we will give away those 10 spots. So let's click the dice roll, let's roll it, 6 into 4, 10 times. Good luck. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 6 into 4, 10, Ryan Hoff done a Ryan, K-Song, 10 times. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Is this saying error to refund the credit card? So you have to tell them that it's going to take a couple of days because then I think Nick has to call Shopify and then they do that one because I guess for that specific card we can't refund the credit card. The question was like he, we don't have the box anymore so he bought it but we were going to refund just the difference for another box. Can you do that or you have to refund because I know in case breaks. I know we like to refund the full thing but if it's not letting you refund it at all because it's saying that so then maybe you could tell them would he want the difference in break credit. Okay. And then if he wants that then if not then he has to wait for like a few days before the break. Well yeah because if it's the difference I think we have to do break credit probably. I don't think we can do money back. If he's going to buy another box we should do that. But yeah if you can't refund him he has to wait and Nick has to like call Shopify. But keeping wise there's no issue. Well I usually don't like to do that. I usually refund him and then let him use his money again but since he can't refund it then I think for this exception we can be like well we can give you the difference in break credit so it was like 20 bucks I'll send you $20 of break credit and then you can use that for a future purchase. Okay. I do that like that. How do I send break credit from my end? You can show it. Yeah you can show it. Yeah it's pretty simple. Alright sorry about that guys. Ten times there. Dallas Mavericks. Phoenix Sons. Alright so there you go. No trades guys just stick with what you got. I'll quickly show you your teams. Alright that's good luck. Alright here we go. Josh Green, Silver Rookie and a Kevin Durant and RJ Hampton how about it. Alright sweet RJ Hampton. There we go Durant, Josh Green, Silver. Another worst packet I've ever seen. Now let's switch scenes and let's do the giveaway. So again the first one was 10 spots. Here we go. Customer names, 10 spots, roll it is a 6-2-8 times. Good luck. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Boom eight times, 6-2-8, top 10 are in. So Sean you're in. Steven P., Michael, Joe, Brian, Ryan, Ryan, Ryan Hoff, Joseph and Kevin. There you go. 6-2-8 times, boom, top 10 are in. Let's paste in the customer names here. So I gotta do one more of these. Second one already sold out too earlier today so I'm gonna run back number 158. As you can see boom number 158 sold out as well. And then we'll do the immaculate basketball break. Appreciate it guys. JaspysCaseBricks.com.


I'm Conor Swenson. I'm the founder of Web3 Labs and original author of Web3J. And I'm joined here by Availa Kirilov, one of the lead devs, and maintainers on Web3J. We're going to talk today about the Web3J SDK, which is really the evolution of the Web3J library. So hopefully this is going to work. So Web3J is the JVM integration library for Ethereum. That covers Java developers, Android developers, Kotlin developers. It provides things like accounts and transaction management, full type safety with regards to smart contract integration from code. So basically means if you're writing Java code, you have your Java types, and then those get mapped in a type safe manner to Ethereum types. As John just now was talking about, the importance of type safety in the context of formal proofs, although the JVM is not a proof-based language, at the same time, this type safety gives you certain, I guess, guarantees about your code when it's running. We also have native built-all integration. And Web3J itself supports core Ethereum and by extension of that, get parity. But then also Hyperledger Basu, JP Morgan's Quorum. And we recently announced a Aeon integration as well. So it's a special occasion for us, DevKron, today, because it's, in fact, a birthday for Web3J. It's now three years old, so we're really happy that we've reached this milestone and we're really happy to be here as well for DevKron. In terms of the project, though, it's always been, of course, open source. We've had over 100 contributors to it. It's had over 400,000 downloads. I mean, if you say total downloads, that's over 2 million. But again, it shows there's a good amount of traction with it. And we also have a decent number of GitHub stars and a full-time team working on it. One of the classic challenges with open source, of course, is being able to fund it. People love to consume and use it. But when it comes to actually paying for it, then it's slightly harder. And so in that respect, we're very, very grateful to the ECF. They gave us a grant last year. Gitcoin have funded numerous bounties over the last year or two for the project as well. And then at the end of last month, the ECF have also given us a grant too. So we're really, really grateful to everyone who's given us a grant. And also, it means great things for Web 3J and the wider developer ecosystem in our opinion. OK, so why do we have Web 3J? Of course, it's there for specific developers on a certain platform for working with Ethereum. Historically, though, it's been a dependency in effect that people pull into their projects to actually integrate with Ethereum. But there's certain challenges that come with that. And we're always thinking about developers who are new to Ethereum and block chain generally. How can we make that sort of onboarding process as simple as possible? Right now, the journey kind of looks something like the sequence here, where someone needs to create a project in the first instance. They need to create a build dependency, which is pulling in Web 3J. They then need to write smart contract code. They then need to compile that smart contract code. Then they need to find a node to run against, and then finally run the build. And of course, finally pray that it's actually all going to work as well, which is always a big challenge. So we've been thinking a bit about how we can actually simplify this more. And so part of this has been extending the Web 3J CLI, which historically did things like fairly straightforward transfers of Ether, create smart contract bindings. But we're really thinking about how can you make that developer experience better and fundamentally how simple we can actually make it? And that question there is, how simple can you make it for a developer to actually work with this technology for the first time? And so this is what we've been thinking about. And Avila is going to talk a little bit about, too. So hello, everyone. How simple we can make it is three commands. One command, obviously, you need to install the CLI tools to use. So we have a simple code script that will install it for you. It's also multi-platform, so we have equivalents for Windows. That's step one. Step two is you need to create your new project. So simply running Web 3J new after you've installed it will generate a project for you with some boilerplate code to get you started. There is also an option to import an existing Solidity contract or Solidity code to just generate a new project from that Solidity code for you to get you started with Java. And for now, the third step is you need to build it. But we're looking to automate this to make it even simpler for developers to get started in the future. So with the Web 3J SDK so far, what we have achieved is creating a new project, adding Web 3J build dependency, creating and compiling a small contract and creating the JVM bindings, everything of which you had to do manually previously. And we've also been working on a Web 3J unit module to allow you to do better automated testing and integration testing with your contracts. So rather than having to spin up a node or use Gnash to integration test your contracts, we have managed to run the EVM in process in your tests so you can test your contracts as if you're testing any other piece of Java code, which is pretty cool. And I'll hand it back to Conor to let you know about the roadmap and what our plans are for the rest of the year and how we're going to use the grant money. So the Web 3J SDK, it's really the convergence of a number of different components of the Web 3J ecosystem. So your build automation, your core integration library, the CLI tools, automated units and integration testing. And so this is something that we're going to be continuing to do a lot of work on over the next 12 months. But additionally, and this is again where we want to be very transparent about how this grant funding actually directly helps the project as well in terms of the ways in which it can improve the experience. Because our view, of course, is that the more developers we can bring on to Ethereum and the less friction we create for them when they're coming on board, the better it is for overall adoption. We think of it very much so like traditional funnel. In the marketing world, you talk about customer acquisition where you have a funnel that people go through these different stages.  We see it with developers exactly the same thing. The more sources that a developer needs to work with, the more commands they need to type, and these sorts of things, in order to get started with it, at every single one of those stage, there's the potential for drop off to actually lose developers who could be people who really get into the technology. And so this comes back to the emphasis on simplicity and minimizing the number of commands to do everything and make it very powerful. Of course, once people familiarize themselves with the technology, then it becomes a lot easier for them to actually dig deeper. But we think it's so important to make this as simple as possible because that's how we drive that much wider adoption to the people who are, who aren't the passionate technologists who are at this conference, but the kind of wider ones who want to dip their toes in, but maybe don't have the time to spend a lot of time going through documentation and everything else. So the testing enhancements, this is an important part of this strategy so that we have automated test generation based on contracts. You have enough information about a smart contract to be able to infer these sorts of pieces of information. And so having, not just integration tests, but also unit tests so that people can test everything locally without having to think about running up the node infrastructure is very, very important there. And another building block for that as well is an integrated EVM. Certainly, whether we actually design our own one or whether we use one of the existing ones like in Hyperledger Basu remains to be seen, but the point is, is having something very lightweight. So if developers are developing a contract using Web 3J, then they can quickly see if that's working or not without having to deploy it to a real network. The other piece as well is Viper support. Outside of Solidity, certainly now it seems that Viper is where there's the most interest in terms of a language for smart contract development. So we want to ensure that there's a seamless developer experience there.  So that a lot of the time people will create some sort of RESTful service on top of the application that actually integrates with the blockchain. So we want to automate that generation as well. And again, just simplifying the experience and then people can use whatever languages they want to to plug into it.  Thanks everyone for your time. We're just over there if you wanna come and chat to us about questions. We've got some nice hexagonal stickers as well and we've got T-shirts and so on. So yeah, thank you and have a great conference. Thank you.


This study examined two groups of patients who underwent pancreatic oedental resection surgery. One group received preoperative assessment of their risk for developing postoperative pancreatic fistula and sarcopenia, while the other did not receive this assessment. The results showed that the rate of occurrence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the comparison group compared to the main group. Additionally, the main group had a much lower rate of occurrence of grade B pancreatic fistula, compared to the comparison group. This suggests that the use of preoperative assessments can help reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications such as pancreatic fistula. This article was authored by V. Chak, L. Pariva, V. Devalco and others.


Good afternoon, my name is Jamal Fernandez, currently Doctoral Candidate of the Extreme National University. So Wilderfeld talked about the invalidity of the Philippines with role from the room statute in view of the country's municipal law. What I would delve into is the question of its effectiveness under international law. Now not much ink has been spelt on the topic and we can counter if you have considered issues such as Professor Maria Franskowska in 1975 and recently by Professor Hannah Woolaver. However, considering the implications of the issue, we think that it deserves fresh consideration. The VCLT provides a detailed guidance concerning the conclusion of treaties. Under Article 27, the binding force of the treaty is determined solely by international law. And in turn, this entails that its execution cannot depend on the internal law of the parties of the agreement. Yet the rule admits an exception, the expressly stating the provision is without prejudice to Article 46. The reference to this article means that the state has the right to invoke the nullity of a treaty due to a manifest breach of the provision of its internal law of fundamental importance concerning the competence for the conclusion of treaties. The provision strikes a delicate balance between two competing norms. On the one hand, it seeks to secure the security of international agreements and on the other hand, the respect for internal regulations of a state concerning its treaty making power in turn considered to be an expression of a state's sovereignty. To the constitutionalist, a state may not be bound in matters affecting its vital interests by acts for which there is no authority under its own law. To the internationalists, the security of international law agreements would be in danger if parties of treaties were unable to rely on this ostensible authority of organs accepting binding obligations on behalf of their state. After successive rapporteurs, the issue was finally settled by agreeing on a compromise that protected the security of treaties while recognizing the sovereignty of states as can be gleaned from the relationship between Articles 27 and 46. However, while the VCLD provides detailed guidance concerning the conclusion of treaties, the same is not true for their denunciation. The convention provides extensive provisions on the grounds of processes, grounds, and effects of the robot. However, it is silent as to the question of by whom must the act be made. Now, this is unfortunate considering that decisions to denounce treaties, as in the case of joining them, are acts of national sovereignty that must be examined. In this regard, it may be claimed that ample authority exists to say that an invalid withdrawal under municipal law, by reason of lack of competence, makes the withdrawal ineffective under international law, considering the text of the convention and the intentions of the drafters as called from the Travup Reparatua. For one, support may be found through the interpretation of the VCLT's provision. Now, Article 2 sets out, Article 2C sets out the definition of full powers, which calling from the intention of the drafters should be applied to both Article 7, pertaining to the requirement of production of full powers in the context of conclusion of agreements, and Article 67, concerning the termination of the withdrawal from treaties. Notably, full powers under Article 2 refers to instruments for expressing the consent of the state to be bound by a treaty, or for accomplishing any other act with respect to a treaty. As the rule prescribed, the conditions under which a person is considered to be with an authority to perform acts in relation to a treaty, the restriction on the authority should apply to acts concerning its termination. Thus, an agent of a state must have full powers to be able to denounce a treaty. The records of the convention, similarly events, the question concerning the competence of denounced treaties was at least determined, at least considered during its drafting stages. However, the developments that occurred afterwards appear to have overtaken these concerns. Nevertheless, the form of proposals appears to subscribe to the mirror principle. This principle puts forward that the act of withdrawing from a treaty is a derivative act of its conclusion. As it is a product of a process, logically the manner of denunciation should likewise match the procedure of acceptance of a treaty. Thus, if the convention allows for an narrow exception in reverting to municipal law, in cases of competence to conclude a treaty, the same should be applied competence to denounce a sin. However, we believe that there is a higher reason for this. There is evidently a gap as in most cases in international law that has to be filled. On the one hand, it can be argued that there is no provision governing the effectiveness of treaty withdrawals done in contravention of municipal law. It is beyond its purview. On the other hand, it can be equally asserted that states no longer operate within a lotus-like presumption, where the conduct of states are governed by express constraining rules. Accordingly, a resort to principles and underlying policies is warranted. The design of the convention's provision as the conclusion of treaties was made with a policy of striking a balance on the one hand, security of treaties, and on the other hand, the sovereignty of states. Consequently, a state may not renounce its freely contracted obligations unless it violates a municipal law of fundamental importance. None of these principles are upholded by the application of a purely internationalist deal in the case of competence to denounce a treaty. Such an interpretation gives an agent of a state an unfettered authority to withdraw the respective state from treaties without considering whether it is in accord with the intent and the interests the withdrawing state manifested through its internal processes. Thus, there appears to be no justification and policy for providing safeguards to treaty-making power of state organs in the conclusion of treaties, but disregarding the same for the purpose of denunciation. So this is the argument we put forward by looking first in terms of the text of the treaty, the considerations during its drafting, and finally, the policy provision between securing a balance between the security of treaties and the sovereignty of states. This concludes our presentation.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com. Happy Friday coming at you with 2021 hip parade baseball sapphire edition series 9 6 box casebreak Number one some pretty great stuff only 50 hand numbered boxes produced Each box contains one sensational card Right could be a could be a graded card could be in a one-touch a lot of great players involved in here You can just look at the cell sheet get an idea of what you can possibly pull out of this stuff big Thanks to these risk-takers right here for getting into the action appreciate it. Thank you very much There are your 30 teams right there Randomize and put them all into this spreadsheet right over here. Let's do it. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it 11 times 5 and a 6 for names and teams one two And 11 the final time after 11 we've got Chris Down to Josh 5 and a 6 11 times for the teams one two three and 11th and final time after 11.  I should be a good one Let's sort by column B by team and we're gonna pause the video when we come back We're gonna see if there's any trades and then the break stick around All right, welcome back folks. No deals were done a little bit of trade chatter But in the end no deals were done. So that list right there remains the same. Good luck everyone Thanks for getting in. So here it is case six out of six sapphire baseball series nine all hand numbered right there Got another case of this in the store right now If you want to run this back carried money don't make money First one out of the gate looks like a nice one red ink auto Fernando that deice jr. Three out of 25 Nice out of 2020 tops diamond icons baseball San Diego Padres PJ nice start next box Graded card right there and it's a PSA 10 and it's rookie Nolan aeronado from 2013 tops update baseball. That's pretty sharp pretty pretty nice Who's got the rocks that's gonna be for Robert Flores in the Colorado Rockies? next one, it's a gold frame and it's Nolan Ryan 7 out of 25 tried to trade couldn't trade mojo. That is pretty sweet looks like from transcendent, right? Yeah Nice Nolan Ryan going to Jonathan last-fought mojo try to trade him away the Ryan Express Halfway through this break and Jonah about a spot in the next one of these breaks hoping for a little luck All right, we got a another graded card this time bgs 910 And it's a rookie of the year your most recent al rookie of the year Kyle Lewis nice purple chrome and Autograph 38 out of 250 looks like we've got nine fives on the edges Surface and corners the centering is an 8-5 Total grade of a nine autograph is a 10 Chris Walker with the Seattle Mariners It's first right there, too. Next one feels like another graded card. I've heard of him He's pretty good too. Let's see with the PSA 10 on this Ronald Acuna junior from tops chrome baseball The rookie card right there rookie Ronald Acuna junior 2018 tops chrome update addition Gemmin 10 Bravo's PJ with the Braves Nice and the last one coming up. Good luck ladies and gentlemen feels like another graded card PSA With the autograph and it's gonna be PSA 10 Dylan Carlson his bowman first autograph 2016 a bowman draft Baseball chrome draft picks auto Gemmin 10 Dylan Carlson, and that's another one for PJ and the st. Louis Cardinals randomizer kind to him this time Very nice, and there you go boys and girls another great case in the books hit parade sapphire baseball Is that a cell sheet hit Jonathan saying the Dylan Carlson? Yeah, that's on the cell sheet Next case is in the store Ladies and gentlemen jasky's case race calm. Let's run it back. Thank you very much everybody I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next hip parade sapphire baseball break. Bye. Bye