The Kraft Foods Company presents Harold Perry as the Great Gilder Sleeve. The Great Gilder Sleeve is brought to you by the Kraft Foods Company makers of Par-K Margarine. Millions of women all over America serve Par-K because it tastes so good. Why Par-K tastes like it should cost twice as much. You like it, you like it, you get some Par-K. Home again, home again, try it today.  Par-K Margarine made by Kraft. Well, let's look in on Floyd Munson's barbershop this morning. That clump form under the barbersheet is none other than Summerfield's distinguished water commissioner, Throckmorton P. Gilder Sleeve. Wild strolling through the park one day in a merry, merry month. Floyd, never mind the concert, just get on with the shave. Okay, Commish. Steady now, I'm going around your second chin. Very funny. There you are. Smooth as a newborn babe. Hey, Commish, as long as you're in the chair, how about a haircut? No thanks, Floyd. Massage? No. You want a mustache trim? The answer is no, Floyd. No. I've got to get down to the office. I'm late. Late? You never get down there before 10 o'clock. Well, sometimes. Anyway, I'm a little behind in my work. Oh. Mayer after you again? Well, no, not exactly. I just don't want to push him too far. Well, if you don't mind my saying so, Commish, you've got the wrong attitude. What? The mayor's the one that ought to do the worrying. What do you mean? If you ask me, you've done a pretty good job as water commissioner. Well, that's a bad, I guess. And where would the mayor find another man with your experience? Why, you're so much at home in the water department as a whale in the ocean. Well... When you come right down to it, Commish, you don't need him. He needs you. Well, I never thought about it that way. Well, water commissioners don't grow on trees, you know. Well, yes they don't. Now, you don't have to... You don't have to rush to the office. I'll wait for you. He'll appreciate you all the more. All right, George, Floyd, maybe you've got something there. Sure. Um, Commish, as long as you're not in a hurry, how about a haircut? Well... Okay. Maybe a massage? Massage, huh? What's that, Strim? Sure, what the heck? Give me the works. Let the mayor wait. That's her stuff. Let him wait. For a while strolling through the park one day In the merry, merry month of May I was taken by surprise Guess I could date Floyd quite so long. Why let him talk me into that egg shampoo? I'm really going to be late. 10.30. That courthouse clock is always slow. I'd better hurry. What's that? Oh, they're working on that new building. Yeah, it's interesting the way they catch those rivets up there. That time I'd watch them for a while. I gotta be... Just a minute, yellow slave. What are you rushing for? Floyd's right. Let the mayor wait. I'll take my own sweet time to sit on this fire plug here.  Might as well light up a cigar, too. Always fun to watch somebody else working. Well, Gilday. Hello, Judge. What are you doing on that water hydrant? Is that your new office? Gilday, why aren't you down at work? Oh, I'll get there. You realize what time it is? Yes, it's time for you to retire, Judge. Gilday, you should have been down at the water department a long time ago. I don't know about that. What will the mayor say? If the mayor doesn't like it, he can lump it.   The mayor won't fire me. What? Water commissioners don't grow on trees, you know. Well, nuts do, and you're the biggest one I ever saw.  You're spoiling the view. Just remember, I warned you.  Gilday. Going through the park one the day in the merry, merry mountain. Good morning, Bessie. Mr. Gildasleeve, I'm glad you got here. Why? Oh, it's very important. The mayor's been calling you. Huh? Is that all? I thought you said it was something important. But, Mr. Gildasleeve, I said it was the mayor. I heard you. Oh, he says he wants to see you as soon as you come in. I'll see him when I'm good and ready. Huh? Bessie, close your mouth. And stop staring at me. Yes, sir. There's nothing to worry about. Water commissioners don't grow on trees, you know. Oh, that must be the mayor. Let me handle this, Bessie. Well, go ahead, Chum. It's your nickel. What? This is Mayor DeWilliger speaking. Well, this is Water Commissioner Gildasleeve speaking. I've been calling your office all morning, and I couldn't get you. Guess that's because I wasn't here. Gildasleeve, I want to see you in my office right away. Okey-dokey, mayor. Goodbye. Goodbye, Shorty. Was he mad, Mr. Gildasleeve?  Oh, Mr. Mayor. Hello, Gildasleeve. Oh, didn't know you had company. Yes, I want you to meet this young man. Gildasleeve, this is Charles Alexander. Oh, hello, Charles. Hello, Mr. Gildasleeve. Charles is a friend of the family. Oh, is that so? He just graduated from State University. In fact, he was their star half back last year. Well, he's certainly husking out. Well, son, I suppose you'll be looking for a job now. Well, I have a job lined up, Mr. Gildasleeve. Oh, that's nice. Going to work in a gas station? Well, no, that's not in my line. Oh? What did you study in school, Charles? I took hydraulic engineering. We studied water systems and things. Water systems? Oh, yes, of course. Write my line.  That's why I called you in, Gildasleeve. I want you to show Charles around our water department. Our water department? Yes, I want him to become thoroughly equated with the Somerfield water system. You do? Yes. When you get through, I want him to know how to run the entire department. Run the department? That's right. We need youth in this business, Gildasleeve.  Well, but, Mr. Mayor... Charles will meet you in your office tomorrow morning, nine o'clock sharp. That'll be all. Good day. Thanks a lot, Mr. Gildasleeve. I hope I won't be putting you out. I hope so, too. I mean... Goodbye. Why does he want me to show that young squirt how to run my department? If I were a worrier, I'd say I was going to be fired. I was so happy this morning. That Lloyd and his ideas. Mayor said, we old fellows can't go on forever. Maybe I am slowing down a little. It does take me longer to tie my shoes in the morning. Well, I'm getting tired of walking around this block without dropping the peevees. Hello, peevee. Well, hello, Mr. Gildasleeve. What can I do? Just give me a cup of coffee. One cup of coffee coming up. There you are. Thanks. Well, Mr. Gildasleeve, how's everything down at the water department? What? What? What made you ask me that, peevee? Nothing. Just funny thing, a little conversation with your coffee. No extra charge. I don't feel like talking about the water department. All right. Peevee, do I look old to you? How's that? I said, do I look old to you? No, you don't look very old. I don't? On the other hand, you don't look very young either. You're not exactly a spring chicken. All right, peevee. An older man can do a better job than a younger man any day. I don't know. What? I had an old fellow here once helping me make up prescriptions. But he didn't work out too well. He didn't? No, he was too slow. For instance, a lady came in for some headache powders. By the time he got them made up, her headache was gone. Lost a lot of tails that way. Finally had to let him go. By George, I'm not too old to hold on my job. No, I didn't say you were. I'm valuable down at that water department. Of course you are. They need a man of my experience. Yes, they do. No young college boy could take my place. Why, it would take him ten years to learn what I know about the water department. No, no, I wouldn't say that.  With Birdie looking mighty pleased because everybody likes her cooking so much. You talking about me, Mr. Wall? Only about how good your cooking is, Birdie. Well, I always make sure to use parquet. Not that I'm taking any credit. Ah, it's wonderful on that crusty homemade bread of yours. Bread is only one way we like it, Mr. Wall. I ain't taking any credit, but I use parquet from the time I start my meal. I use parquet when I'm cooking and when I'm flavoring. And I use parquet as a spread for all my big goods. Not that I'm taking any credit. I know, Birdie. You use parquet because it tastes like it should cost twice as much. And thousands of good cooks all over the country use it for the same reason. They like the delicate flavor parquet has. Because it's made from the selected products of American farms. And they like the economy of using parquet. It costs only about half as much as the most expensive spread. Friends, why not join the happy women who always use parquet to make good food taste even better? That's what I do. Not that I'm taking any credit. But if I was, I'd give lots of it to parquet. That P-A-R-K-A-Y parquet margarine made by Kraft. Well, the great Gilder's sleeve has had a sleepless night. He's finally accepted the cruel fact that youth must be served, and his days as water commissioner are numbered. We find him now, vowed but brave, having breakfast with his little family. Want some more toast, unky dear? No, thank you, Marjorie. You can have the rest of my egg, uncle. No, thanks, my boy. Do you have any eaten very much? I've had sufficient. Uncle Mort, I think it's the meanest thing to say. But I think it's the meanest thing I ever heard of, letting you go after all the years you've been down there. Well, too many years, I guess. Your uncle Mort is getting old, my dear. Nonsense. You're not old at all. He has no business doing a thing like this without any warning. Yeah, the mayor's a sneak. No, Leroy. We don't speak of our elders in those terms. After all, he is the mayor of our fair city, even if he is a sneak. But what are you going to do when you leave the department? Yeah, do you know where you can get another job, unky? Oh, I'll find something, I guess. What will you do, unky? Well, I don't know exactly. Most of my experience has been concerned with water. Maybe you can get a job on a laundromat. Leroy? I'm sure I can find something more appropriately, Leroy. Well, until you do our economize, unky, I won't buy any more clothes. Well... Say, Aunt, I could quit school and go to work. That won't be necessary, Leroy. I could drop out today, if you want me to. Don't be so anxious, young man. Just stop worrying. Both of you, you'll get by, all right. You'd better run along now, you'll be late for school. All right. See you tonight, Uncle Mort. You sweet old darling. Goodbye, my dear. Bye. Yes? Sure you don't want me to quit school today? No, Leroy. Okay. I guess I'll have to take that history test. So long, huh? So long, my boy. Stop and support you as soon as I graduate. Thanks, but I'm afraid we can't wait that long. Yeah, goodbye. Sure nice to have a little family to rally around you at a time like this. We'll get along somehow. Well, better get down to the office, I guess. Teaks that smiling half-back how to run things. I shouldn't. I'll be faithful to the water department to the last drip. Want some more coffee before you go, Mr. Gillespie? Coffee? No, thank you, Bertie. Mr. Gillespie, I just want you to know I sure feel bad about this. Well, that's nice of you, Bertie. I'll be all right. Of course it'll feel a little strange not being water commissioner anymore. Mr. Gillespie, no matter what happens, you'll still be the water commissioner to me. Thank you, Bertie. Yes, sir. Even if the man does throw you out, you'll still be the water commissioner to me. Well, I appreciate that. No matter what you wind up doing, driving a milk wagon, cleaning the streets, you'll still be the water commissioner to me. Bertie. Yes, sir. Even if you're out selling pencils on some corner. Bertie, I have no intention of selling pencils. Well, if you do sell them, I'll buy them and you'll still be the water commissioner to me. Oh, Bertie, goodbye, Bertie. Goodbye, water commissioner. This is certainly funny. Yesterday morning, I was carefully as a bird. I thought the mayor couldn't get along without me. Now, I'll be out looking for another job pretty soon. I wonder if I could get a job in a laundromat. Looks like easy work. Just sit around all day and hand out soap chips. Gonna miss the old water department. Well, it's my own darn fault, I guess. I should have been a big dress hopper when I should have been an aunt. Lloyd's barbershop. Fine advice he gave me. I'd go in and punch him in the nose if I were a younger man. Hey, commissioner. Don't talk to me, Floyd. What's all right? I'm going to the office and I'm in a hurry. What? Like I told you yesterday, commissioner, relax. Let the mayor wait. Lloyd. Stop worrying about your job. You're set for life. Commissioner, what's the matter? Who are you gonna help with that briefcase? Guess who? Just a minute. Something wrong? Oh, no. I'm just losing my job. That's all. What? No kidding? Yes, no kidding. Gee, that's tough, commissioner. I mean ex-commissioner. Who's taking your place? Well, if you must know, some college boy. I'm going down to break him in right now. A college kid. How do you like that? I suppose you'll be making out the water bills in Latin. You're gonna show him the ropes, huh? Yes, I am. Uh-huh. Teach him how to run the department? Yes. Well, don't give up the ship, commissioner. What? I just got an idea. Floyd, you can keep your ideas to yourself. I'm in enough trouble now. Okay. Just thought you might want to know a sure way to get rid of this guy. Well, I don't. Uh, get rid of him? Floyd, I should have more sense than to ask you. But how? Well, just suppose you were to make your job at the water department. Look so tough, this guy wouldn't want to take it. Look tough? Yeah, put it on thick.  Well, I do get quite a few. Yeah, no, but put on a big act. Make him think it's the toughest job in the world. Of course, you and me, no uneducated chimpanzee could really do it. Floyd? Well, that's my advice. Scare the guy off. Oh, please. Don't think it over, commissioner. I'll see you later. Bum-jure. Bum-jure. The bum idea to scare the fellow off. That's silly. Well, you never know, though. Might work. I've got nothing to lose. By George, I'll try it. I'll show that rah-rah boy. When I get through, he'll wish he'd never seen a water department. I'll run and rag it. I'll work him 24 hours a day. No time off for lunch. We'll clean out the files. Check the collections. Make out the water in the morning. Good morning, Bessie. She's not here yet. Well, I'll just go in my office. We'll be all set when that half day comes. Good morning, Mr. Geldesley. Good morning, Charles. You're here already? Yes, sir. Sitting in my chair, too. Taking over already, eh? Glad you got here early, young man. We've got a lot of work to do today. I mean, we have a lot of work to do every day. We're always busy in the water department. What shall we do first? Well, I'll take my coat off here and get down to work. Uh, if I can have my chair, please. Oh, excuse me. Yeah. Yes, Charles, that's all we do in the water department. Work, work, work. Now, let's see. What are all these letters on my desk? I broke those in, Mr. Geldesley. It's the morning mail. Oh, well, what are we waiting for? Let's open it. Yes, sir. We've got two things around here, Charles. No time for thinking. I mean, quick decisions. Every minute. I see. Yes, sir. Well, let's see what this letter says. Dear Mr. Geldesley, you know as much about running a water department as my little nephew when he's in the first, uh... We'll read the mail later. Mr. Geldesley, I want you to know I appreciate you showing me how to run the water department. It's very kind of you. Quite all right, my boy. Of course, I can't understand a young man wanting to be a water commissioner. Nothing but trouble, drudgery, long hours. Damp, too. But of course it's up to you. That's you, Bessie? Yes, Mr. Geldesley. Good morning. Oh. Bessie, this is Mr. Alexander. I'm showing him around the water department. Hello, Bessie. Hello. Bessie, close your mouth. This is mosquito season. Mr. Alexander, Charles. Yes? Would you mind checking the water cooler in the outer office? Checking it? Yes, checking it. Make sure there's plenty of water in it. Oh, all right.  Yes, sir. Is he going to work here, Mr. Geldesley? Well, looks like it. Oh, I'm glad. Gee, he's cute. Well, in a way, if you like, crew haircuts. But you wouldn't want to have a college kid like that for a boss, would you, Bessie? Well? Bessie, stop standing around and get to work. Yes, sir. That's a loyalty for you. Now, Mr. Geldesley. Yes, Charles? The water cooler's full. What? Oh, yeah. Very good. Very good. Very important in the water department. Well, Charles, we can't just sit around here. Hope you can keep up with me. First, let's get on the water reports. There. Well, Charles, that brings our card files up to date. That's right, Mr. Geldesley. Gosh, you certainly have done a lot of work this morning. Oh, I don't know. Just routine. Well, you got out all the water reports, corrected those invoices and out all those bills. Do you always work this hard? This is nothing, son. You could see me on a busy morning. Why, I have to work every night to midnight just to keep even. Really? Oh, of course. In fact, I never take time out for lunch. I don't know how I stand it. It's wearing me down. You don't look very thin, Mr. Geldesley. Hmm? Well, I drink a lot of water. Water commissioner, you know. Well, 12 o'clock. I'll make an exception and go to lunch today. You're probably pretty hungry. Oh, I don't want you to break your rules for me. If you can go without your lunch, I guess I can, too. Huh? You can? What shall we do next, Mr. Geldesley? I'm just... Mixed? Well, let's make out those requisitions. We better stop for a while. It's 6 o'clock. It is? Time sure flies when you're working. Yes, well, I don't want to worry you out, son. Maybe you'd better go to dinner now. But there's still so much to do. I know. Let's work straight through to midnight. Hmm?  You're growing, you know. You're probably pretty hungry. Oh, I can hold out if you can. You can? Sure. And just lucky, I brought along something to eat. A package of mince. Here, have one. A mince? Oh, thanks. Well, shall we get on with our work? I feel fresh as a daisy. Maybe I'm getting too old for this job. Chance. Yes, Mr. Geldesley? It's midnight. You can quit now. You must be all worn out. Oh, you don't have to worry about me. I just got my second wind. I hope it chokes him. Tell you what, let's work all night. All night? Charles. Yeah? Shouldn't I have another mint? Two hours sleep. All right, and then tell the mayor he's right. Maybe this job is for a younger man. Well, good morning, Geldesley. Good morning, mayor. Sit down. Thank you. Mind if I take this easy chair? Geldesley, Charles tells me you did a fine job teaching the operations of our water department. Say, it'll be very helpful to him in his new job in the state water department. Huh? State water department? Yes. He left this morning. He's going to be an assistant there. He is, but I thought... Why, we need young men like him in this work. Of course, it'll be a long time before he'll be a water commissioner. That calls for an older, more experienced man like yourself. He does?  You know Geldesley water commissioners don't go on trees. Anyhow, I just want to say I'm proud of you. Those reports you made out yesterday are the finest I've ever seen. Yes, Geldesley, you've proved that you can be a great water commissioner. You showed initiative, stamina. You're wide awake, energetic, have a full grasp of the... Geldesley. Geldesley. You're going to sleep. Mr. Mayor, would you mind untying my shoes? It's sort of nice when you find out your favorite food is really good for you. When you learn, for example, that parquet margarine is so nourishing, besides being reinforced with 15,000 units of essential vitamin A. Now, the careful and painstaking way it's prepared accounts for the nutritional value in parquet, and it accounts for something else. The flavor, the light, delicate flavor that has led so many to agree that parquet tastes like it should cost twice as much. Try parquet on buns or waffles, pancakes or bread. I think you'll like that luxury flavor so much that you'll, well, you almost forget that parquet is so good for you. That's P-A-R-K-A-Y, parquet margarine made by Kraft. Follow me this morning, Commissioner Shave. Give me the work, Floyd, and you will write. Water commissioners don't grow on trees. While strolling through the park one day In the very, very month of May We were taken by surprise.  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what conditions the driving measure must satisfy so that what comes out of the Lovner revolution has a geometric characterization. So in the end, the game always over here is kind of the interplay between the properties of the driving measure and the properties of the hull. And so the question we're really asking is what property must the driving measure have when it starts at a singular initial condition so that the hull will actually have a geometric property? Okay, it's a conformal mapping piece. And it turns out that what truly matters is that when points come into the singularity, so if you've got a branch point and you've got two points coming out of the singularity, they really must spread apart exactly at a square root of t. So somehow you can go from the geometry of what you want, so the geometry of how points emerge from a singularity, how the hull emerges from a singularity, to a time scaling on the driving measure. Okay, so this is not quite a standard fact in Lovner theory. Despite its simplicity. And this is sort of one of the main calculations that we've been did, and it's got some sort of interesting features which I can't get into. So the main point that comes out of this is that somehow if you drive a Lovner evolution with the forcing, which is like the Dyson forcing, or let's say just Coulombic repulsion, that's a better way of putting it. So if you choose points to sort of repel according to the Coulombic repulsion, then this is perfectly suited to Lovner revolution. Okay, Lovner revolution with branching. So it's a priority. I mean, it's really like somehow there's this miracle. So you need Coulombic repulsion for, so somehow the Lovner revolution has got a square root t scaling. Coulombic repulsion emerging from singular and initial conditions has got a square root t scaling. And you can put these two pieces together. So, you know, a priority, you wouldn't think that these two things have something to do with one other, but it just works. So it was really a lot of work before we finally converged on this. But, you know, once you get it, I mean, you can really go to town very easily. So women's theorem, one of them is basically the following. So, you know, once you know how to go past one singularity, you can go past a tree of singularities. So it really doesn't matter, you know, that you have many, many branch points over here. You're just doing it piecewise, and you need to be able to piece the solution across the branch points. And so, just by sort of using deterministic repulsion, she could prove a theorem that says that the solution to Lovner revolution driven by a repulsion of this form across the branch points will give you a graph embedding of the tree. So there are two constants over here. So one is sort of the size of the measure. And there's a second constant over there which is the time scaling of here. And the ratio of these two constants determines the angle at which these guys pop out. And so in our work, actually, we choose both of these constants to be the same. Okay, these will be going to zero. But it turns out that our approximations always have this property that the geometry is controlled. The ratio of the angles at which branching occurs always stays equal to one. Okay, so the proof basically relies on certain OD results. We haven't done truly the Dyson case, but it doesn't seem that hard. And the point is that you control the angles at which the branching occurs. So in some sense, the true theorem is really to do with evolutions of this nature. Okay, so these are trees which are generated by this mechanism. And the theorem is really that you can take any Galton Watson tree and that you can embed this Galton Watson tree in a natural way in the upper half plane. So this one looks different from the one I gave you before because there's no jitter. Okay, these things are not moving around. Okay, I feel like I'm talking too much, so I don't know. Maybe I should pause, ask if anyone has a question. Sigma is the variance of the branching mechanism that you choose. Okay, so the sigma is not related to the spatial motion anyway. So the picture is always the same. So somehow branching process theory has sort of worked out. And what I'm really doing is I'm taking branching process theory and I'm sort of asking how do I choose a driving measure for love and revolution that drives it. So let me sort of turn to the question of the scaling limit. And so let me actually just sort of explain what goes into the proof tightness and the form in which we actually obtain tightness and sort of the form in which we obtain the sort of super process limit. So the question that we really want to ask now is that now that we have a way of embedding Galton Watson trees using love and revolution, the question that we want to ask is how do I take scaling limits of this process? So what I want to do is I want to take a scaling limit over here where the tree is actually converging to a continuum tree and the spatial, the sort of driving measure over here is going to the super process. So what we really want, of course, is to say that I'm obtaining these embedded shapes in the complex plane. What I really want to say is that these embedded shapes actually have a limiting, that they have limiting geometric properties. But this is not, you know, this is kind of delicate and the step what we get is really that the scaling, what we really want to do is to identify the scaling limit of the corresponding sequence of random driving measures. So, you know, this involves choices of norming constants. So, you know, I'm going to take a sequence of measures. So the right hand side over here is an integer valued measure. I mean, it's got an integer number of particles, but then I'm scaling it in some way. And then I've got a time scaling in the repulsion, just pure Coulombic repulsion. Okay, so the Coulombic repulsion is really, you know, just because we want a complete picture. So we haven't really sort of put in the dice and part yet. But that, as I said, is something that banishes in the limit. Okay, so the question is how do you choose trees? And so over here, when I sort of wrote out this PDE in some sense, I'm making a choice on what sort of trees I'm taking the scaling limit of.  So let me actually sort of state that a little bit more carefully. So there's a pretty well-known theorem of Aldous that basically says that if you choose the trees to be distributed as critical binary Galton Watson trees with exponential lifetimes of mean one over two square root of k, and that these trees are conditioned to have k edges, then these trees converge and distribution to CRT as k goes to infinity. Okay, so I'll call this the conditioned case. And so the sort of natural question is that if we choose the driving measures to be determined in this way, and if the trees are distributed as critical binary Galton Watson trees, does this process and do the hulls converge to anything? So this is kind of standard stuff. So you want to prove that you've got a scaling limit. So you need to establish tightness, and then you need to establish uniqueness of the limit point.  So what you've really got is a sequence of measure-valued processes, and what you want to do is you want to say that the sequence of measured-valued processes is tight. So somehow you have to look at the score cut space of, you know, paths into the space of measures, and the limit that you would get is something called a super process because it's a measure-valued Markov process. Okay, so it turns out, and, you know, somehow I guess by hindsight this was clear, but, you know, we're not really super process people. And it turns out that with hindsight, to actually establish tightness for this problem is actually remarkably straightforward. The fact that sort of we are doing Dyson Brownian motion, or, you know, the tightness works for Dyson Brownian motion, or we're just doing Kulubink repulsion, that we're doing interacting particles, just doesn't matter that much because it turns out that, you know, there's a very neat estimate, very simple estimate that basically gives you sort of the fact that the spatial motion is not too bad. So the tightness proof actually is very much in line with just sort of classical tightness for the branching process itself. And these are theorems that are worked out, so, you know, let me first state the results. So the scaling limit, the first theorem on the tightness of the scaling limit is that let me choose the trees to be distributed as critical Gault and Watson trees, and let me choose the corresponding sequence of measures, and if I choose the scaling constants in this way, then the sequence is tight. So the reason I'm choosing the constants in this manner is I want to build trees where I have some control over the geometry, and ideally you'd like something like isometry, but what we're doing is we're building trees where we can control the branching angles. So it doesn't matter how large the tree is, the branching angle is always controlled, okay, so which fits very nicely with sort of conformal mappings. And it turns out that somehow this rescaling that you choose over here, you know, this goes back to Aldous's theorem, is that this is the rescaling for which the total population process has a scaling limit, and this is well understood. It's the local time of the normalized Brownian excursion. So, you know, let me just give it to you in a picture. So what I've got is a Gault and Watson tree, a binary Gault and Watson tree in continuous time, and you can think about sort of the population process of this Gault and Watson tree. So what's going on in this picture over here is that I'm, that's the time axis going up, and at every time over here I'm just counting the number of individuals that I have. Okay, so if you flip that around, that's time, and here are the number of individuals that you have. So what's going on in the limit is that both of these guys are converging. So this guy's converging to something that's known, the Brownian excursion. This guy's converging to something which is known, which is the local time of the normalized Brownian excursion. So it turns out, so somehow when I'm writing, so this goes back to what I was saying about conditioned and unconditioned, it turns out that somehow there's one limit where it's easier to write out the SPD. There's SPDs in both cases, there's stikeness in both cases, but in one case the SPD is particularly clean. It's this one. In the other case it involves an additional term. The additional case corresponds to the CRT, this corresponds to the fellow diffusion. So there are sort of different scalings that you can do, depending whether you're conditioning or unconditioning or not conditioning, and so there's a result of Bitman which basically says that the total population process converges to the local time. So that's this picture over here, in the case when you have critical binary Galton Watson trees. And there's another case where if you just take a discrete critical Galton Watson process and you say that the offspring have finite variance, then this is sort of standard, okay it's like textbook, so you can find this in the book by Ethier and Kurtz, for example, a very efficient proof of this that tells you that somehow the Galton Watson process is converging to the fellow diffusion. So the SPD I'm actually describing is in this setting, and in this setting too there's an SPD which I'm not actually telling you what it is. So the characterization of the limit is basically the following, for example, in the unconditioned case, each sub-sequential limit solves the following martingale problem, and so this is really somehow the term that you expect, okay, this is like a weak form of the Coulomb repulsion, or a weak form of what you expect in the free probability limit, but now there's a fluctuation term, and the fluctuation term has a quadratic variation which is pretty much standard in, you know, for example, it's pretty much exactly the same thing as you would get in the case of Dawson Watanabe. Okay, so there's a problem, the problem is that we don't yet know if the solution to the martingale problem is unique, and there's a kind of stochastic calculus framework for it which I don't understand yet, but I believe that actually this problem, I mean the uniqueness is actually not that big a deal, somehow Dawson has, the repulsion is just right. Okay, so let me now sort of in the last few minutes just give you a bunch of pictures to tell you why we did what we did, and to sort of connect with sort of a couple of other things that people have done, which I think are very interesting. So as I mentioned at the start, somehow, you know, I mean Stefan Roder was quite helpful to us, and Stefan has been interested in the following problem for a long time, which is how do you embed a tree into the upper half plane? Sorry, how do you embed a tree into all of the complex plane in a particularly natural way? So I want a natural embedding of trees, and some are natural to truly be isometric because the tree is a metric space, and there's a beautiful fact, so if you're working in the whole plane, somehow there's a beautiful characterization of these embeddings. So a planar tree is said to be confably balanced if each edge, so this is a picture taken from Joel Barnes, he says this is an embedding of what I'm calling a true tree. So the important thing about this tree is that every single edge has equal harmonic measure from infinity, okay, and edge subsets have the same measure from either side. So there's kind of an amazing result due to Bishop and sort of a short note by Bjorn which says that this set of trees is actually in one-to-one correspondence with a family of polynomials called Shabbat polynomials. So these are polynomials which have just two critical values, and you know algebraic geometries came up with it somehow from their own, through their own considerations, but these polynomials are poorly understood. So what Stefan's student did was to basically try to understand the asymptotics of these true trees as n gets larger and larger and then he sort of got stuck. So the way he was trying to do it is basically in line with, so I'm going to show you another couple of pictures, this is from a paper of Bjorn, so somehow when you're trying to build up trees, so you know there's a purely combinatorial picture. So up here what I have is non-crossing partitions. So what I'm doing is I'm taking a circle with an even number of endpoints and then I join edges in pairs. Okay so that's a purely sort of, you know this is a classic sort of combinatorial bijection that says that non-crossing partitions of this nature are in one-to-one correspondence with planar trees. But now what you do is you try to make this somehow conformal. So you add another piece to it where you basically try to build a conformal mapping which takes exactly this guy and pairs these edges.  So somehow what happens when you're working in the entire complex plane is that you can prove that the set of solutions to this is rigid. So there's a polynomial solution then you can prove that you make a conformal mapping by some continuity arguments you can say that you've got an entire function and then by Liouville's theorem this has to be the Shevat polynomial. So there's this natural setting in which you're working on the whole complex plane and you truly get these isometric embeddings of these trees and these are very rigid. I mean they're just a set of solutions to some polynomials. So this is not the case in the upper half plane so you don't have a Liouville theorem and somehow, you know, Lebanon revolution has an extension to this setting but we don't quite know what it is just yet. So that's one remark that I wanted to make in terms of just the embeddings of trees. Okay, so the really interesting thing is not just having the trees but what you actually want is labelling on the trees. So this is sort of this amazing work of Lagal and Mermon which was sort of one of the things that got us excited. So there's a fundamental bijection. So if you've got a label plane tree then there's fundamental bijection that takes you from the label tree to the quadrangulation. So all that I've been telling you so far relates to just having the tree. Now I'm adding on this additional structure which is the labelling. Okay, so my claim is the following. So if you know how to embed the tree putting on the labelling will actually give you a very clean way a sort of conformal way of doing this bijection. Okay, so it's just sort of a cute two-minute thing. So here's what I'm going to do. I'm just going to take exactly the same tree which is in Lagal's lecture and I'm going to show you how to sort of conformalize it. So as you can see there were slides in this talk that were made by the graduate student and the slides in the talk made by the advisor. So I spent like three hours yesterday trying to get this right on my computer and finally abandoned hope I drew it on paper and took photos with my camera. Okay, so you see there's the tree. Okay, and now let me just explain to you how the bijection works. So what you're going to do is sort of the CVS bijection actually takes you. It's a bijection from corners of the tree. Okay, so you know you have to sort of... Okay, let me explain it to you in this picture. So the numbers over here refer to the corners of the tree. So corners are where two directed edges are meeting. Okay, and what I'm going to do is I'm going to sort of flatten this out. Okay, so I'm going to flatten the edges in cyclic order and label the corners. So those are the corners and then each of the corners also corresponds to a vertex. So I take the labeling that goes with each of these vertices. Okay, so now I'm going to just show you what the CVS bijection means in this setting. So what it means is that... So what I'm going to do is the following. I take... Let me go back a second. Yikes, this guy goes... Okay, this is... Yeah, okay, so here we are. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to imagine that each of these points over here is on the boundary of the half per half plane. And what I'm going to do is I'm going to join these points in the way that you do it for the CVS bijection. So the way it works is that you take... So all I've done over here is to put down the labels. So the first thing I do is I look at points which are labeled one. I connect them to the point at infinity. Then I look at the points which are labeled two and I join them to the next point with sort of label which is one below in cyclic order. And then I go to three, the points which are labeled three and I do the same thing. So the CVS bijection what it gives you is actually gives you a family of nested geodesics in the upper half plane. Okay. And so what I'm doing if I undo my conformal mapping what I'm really getting is an interval... is an interval which is on the endpoint of the upper half plane. So if I just take my... So what I've given you is a method for constructing trees or conformal mappings which will have the combinatorics of the tree. Now if I put on the labeling what I'm really doing is I'm looking at geodesics and I apply my conformal mapping to these geodesics and that automatically gives me a quadrangulation. Okay. So in some sense the work that we're doing is actually sort of very closely tied to actually the problem of building up quadrangulations. It doesn't fully work because our mappings have the right sort of combinatorics but they're not isometric so we don't have isometric embeddings of trees by this method but somehow I'm quite optimistic that we should be able to do something interesting. Okay. So I'm sorry for going a couple of minutes over but let me stop here. Thank you. So that's exactly so that's exactly where we stuck. So here's the thing. So what beyond actually is doing is subordination which is actually just laminar evolution. And so somehow I want to use beyond's argument but somehow to do that I actually need to know my solution to the SPD to begin with. So I've not been able to close that loop. So that's exactly right. So somehow this fits beautifully with what he's doing. I mean we're really just doing subordination. What's happening is that the measure is sort of fluctuating at exactly the same time.


Columbia has gone back to kind of a Uribe, Uribe was the president of Columbia I think eight years ago or ten years ago, and did a fairly good job of liberalizing that economy and moving it towards more freedom. They have just elected a new president who is a Uribe protégé who would probably do the same. I know this new president, Columbia, I've met him, he claims to have read Inrendi, he actually claims to have read my book Equal is Unfair, so there is hope I think for Columbia.


I'm a kid, Cuddy, and some times I sing. That's not how he sounds at all. But he was like, I'll rap first, and then boom, hit him with the vocals. On this week's episode, Brandon and I are talking about a concept that we are shooting a video on called Do It For The Feeling. And you came up with this idea. So I'm going to let you want to jam on this. Yeah, man. What's it about? Tell me how to do it for the feeling. It's about the only thing that ever matters, right? Which is like, you're state of being now, and now, and now, and now.  Oh, yeah. Like, yeah. I mean, you could do that. But like, Do it for the feeling. You should totally be doing math, because the feeling, the feeling, you know, it's great. But don't ever do that. Don't do math. I don't know. I mean, no, don't do math. No. I've never tried it. I never understand why you ever see before and afters of people on meth. It's like hot person and then zombie. Dude, that's what scared me about drugs when I was in high school, where they showed like the meth before and after. And I think it was like, oh, like probably LSD, all these other drugs, like that's what's going to happen to you. Dude, I used to think, I used to just lump drugs in as drugs for sure. Like I thought like, although when they showed the commercial of the girl smoking weed and she just deflated into her couch, I was like, yeah, that could be fun. That could be cool sometime. Seeing me and I can transform and I have superpowers. Exactly. Exactly. But the whole scarles on your face, like zombie thing. No, it's not cool. So do it for the feeling.  We're talking about like, live your life to get into the state of meaning that's going to make you feel your best all the time. Right. And so my boy Andy came and talked to our group coaching, our coaching group the other day.   I like this thing. And you look at this. So like, for example, we would say like, all right. So right now I could go do heroin or I could go work out. Right. This is going, this right now probably feel really good. Right. It feels really good to do heroin for like a short amount of time. It must feel really good because apparently like 85% of people who do it like never stop. They never really get, they never not do it again or something. It's serious, man. But if you follow this path, I want to say it keeps on going.  Right. Versus working out, you probably won't feel as good as doing heroin. Yeah. But down the road, you're going to consistently feel better. And so we're talking about this whole picture. Yeah. Wait. Can we give a less extreme example, like a more realistic kind of thing with that? Okay. Okay.  Like you're sitting at, no, no, you're at lunch right now.   You're at a nice restaurant. So the food is covered in oil. Let's say it's a really nice gourmet pizza place. So you have the option when sitting down to say, okay, I'm out to lunch right now with my colleagues.   If I eat that, if I don't eat this and I opt for the salmon salad, then I'll probably feel good and then be able to hit my workout later in the evening before going home.  Mm hmm. Yeah. That works too. I'm a heroin pizza. Awful. I'm working out of heroin. Dude, my life is just a story of extremes. One day I'm in the gym. Next to me in a gut or doing drugs. I don't know. That's our life. But yeah, what we want to talk about is like how, how do you create? How do you optimize fitness for happiness? I think it's a big thing we talk about all the time. In this episode, this show is about like living life for that feeling and the feeling is happiness. Right. We want to have happiness as an experience, but we want to experience as much as possible. How can we optimize our life to make this happen? We want to teach you guys today how to optimize your life for like the best feelings possible sustainably. That's what we're after, right? That's what we're all after. And I think we get so hung up in society thinking about like, it's about the thing. It's about the goal. It's about the achievement, the objective.  Absolutely.  Like let's do it all day long. Yeah.  No, not the truth at all. We exercise because it produces this feeling of like when we were in San Andreas, we're chilling on the beach. You know, we feel good. We look good. Or we're out to dinner with friends. You know, my girlfriend comes now, we go out to dinner. Like we get dressed up. You do it for that feeling of like, man, I feel confident in my own skin. Not because I identify myself as an exercise. Yeah, yeah. Love's exercise. For sure. It's that whole experience. It's like the feeling you get when you're exercising and you're moving your body, like the body releases endorphins, you feel better.  Like you can't just completely disassociate yourself from that ego. Like it feels good to be sexy. It feels good to be acknowledged by others for the way you look. It feels good to look at a mirror. Someone in our coaching group made a comment. Dude, someone in our coaching group made a comment about the challenge. Like, are there why? And they were like, you know, they made all these great things with them.  And I was like, dude, don't you ever don't hate to be honest. apologize for that.  That's not true. You do, there's an extent. We do this because other people look at us and say, wow, I want that body. Like I'm never going to sit here and be like, no, that's not why. That's why everyone does this to an extent. You do feel good. But yeah, you want that. Of course you do. For sure. And I'm not going to call anyone out, but there's someone who came on the podcast months back and they said, I was like, well, what do you say to the person who just wants to like get sexy and feel good about that. And the person said, you know, well, that person needs to go to therapy because they have some serious issues. And that's not a good thing to tell people. Dude, and this is like a pretty big person in the fitness industry is like CrossFit, dude. And it actually really rubbed me the wrong way because I was like, listen, man, saying that, like I understand you're trying to be more enlightened. But what you're actually doing is coming off very judgmental because we're all here having our own experience. And if someone feels good because they worked hard on their body and someone else celebrates them for that or their wife or their girlfriend, it's like celebrating them and like gets more satisfaction because they're sexier.  There's nothing wrong with that. Well, and I think like we are talking about, I totally agree. We're talking about like the middle balance of like, you need to have an enlightened perception of the world in order to find things like happiness and realize that your happiness is your decision not based off of external events, but it's that good mix between like, you need to understand that like human and be okay with the meaning.  But I totally disagree. I think it's okay to say, you know what, I want to do something and make myself look good. I want to do it for this feeling that I get when I'm walking down the street and that person looks at you kind of like, damn, like, look at that person. You know what I mean?  Yeah, for sure. I mean, it's the same constant with like, people like to wear nice clothes. Yeah. It makes you feel good. There's nothing wrong with that.  I'm like, that's what I'm talking about. I dropped that. For sure. So, I mean, when it comes to fitness, we talk about do it for the feeling as in like, optimize your life, your experience in a way that you get to feel really good sustainably all the time, which means like, you're consistently moving your body and you're doing it in a way that allows you to look the way you want to look, feel the way you want to feel, have the energy you want to have because it's not, it's also not just about the aesthetics. It's also about what happens when you move your body consistently. Like, you feel better. You have more energy. You're more just alive, right? Yeah. Dude, I feel that alive part of that. Like, even when I'm not doing traditional exercise, like at the beach, we're swimming for like hours and like waiting water. And like, I get out and I feel tired, but I feel like movement and like dance and stuff makes me feel that feeling. Like, I feel mobile. I feel agile. I feel lean. You know, you're mood. Just, it helps out that. Yeah. The feeling. Absolutely. The feeling. Yeah. We get the feeling. Feel it. Feel it. But then also, let's talk about what happens when like, you're able to align like that good feeling, that kind of like bliss state, that flow state, being in a good state of mind with the other areas of your life. Like I was watching Ace of Rockies suddenly from Noisy last night. Great. And he was talking about, Yo, man, I'm just kicking with my boys and like, we're doing this no matter what. Like, we have so much fun creating music. And if other people like it, then awesome. And that's what happens when you start to like get yourself in alignment with what feels good for you. Like other people notice, it's like, it's electric. It's magnetic. It's like a big aura. And you get, you're more successful. Like you get money. You get, You get money. You get fame. You get girls. You get money. You get bitches. You get help man. It's like doing for the feeling, man. You get all the things. Well, all that stuff happens.  That's totally true. Dude, well think about it. Like this month, we felt really good this month. And like, our business did really well this month. So, I agree with that. What about some examples? Cause like, do it for the feeling. I think, cause we're, Brand and I are creating a video on do it for the feeling right now to really capture. Wait on it. Yeah. To really capture like what, what we mean, like what, like to give examples. So for example, I mentioned the beach. I mentioned walking outside dressed up, you know, with a significant other or a girl or whatever, man, whatever. And another one could be like, man, I mean, there's so many like, let's say it could be the first time. Let's say you are someone who a busy business person. Let's say you work for a tech startup and you're a VP of marketing.   And I want to feel like, you know what, man, I feel good interacting with this crew of people because I take care of myself and they're here to learn how to take better care of them. Yeah, for sure, man. And so here's the thing that I also want to get across to everyone is that my feeling or Dan's feeling, like what gives us that feeling cannot be the same thing that gives you that feeling. It could be different. It could be very different. And you have to find out what that is, like explore, get curious, start like finding out what brings you into that peak stage because we know plenty of people who like doing way different stuff than us and they get pumped on it and that's awesome. So it's about finding that like juicy spot in your life where like you get lit and up and do more of that. Like our girl Sheila, I'm gonna give you a shout out. Sheila getting lit and up. Young lady who works with us. Our girl Sheila. I know what gives her the feeling is when she gets on stage and she goes and sings. No, you're good. You're good. I'm Gucci. You're Gucci, man. Yeah. So I'm not gonna do that.  But like... I don't know, bro. You could like take the route of freestyle rap because you're getting it better at freestyle rap and then once you get into freestyle rap like A$AP Rocky. He was like, I'm a rapper, psych. I'm gonna like sometimes... I'm a fashion killer. I'm a kid, cutty and sometimes I sing. That's not how he sounds at all. But he was like, I'll rap first and then boom! Hit him with the vocals. For sure, man. So point... point being is that we all feel good doing whatever we like, right?  Jason B, baby. He blows glass. Jason like, I personally wouldn't want to do that.  And he's amazing.  And he's beast. Yeah, Link Jason. He blows glass. He's in our group coaching program and crushes it. And so we all have these like these like bliss states where like we do stuff and we feel really good. And what I want to encourage everyone to do is find that thing and do more of that. And when you do that, you're gonna bring in more people who want to do that with you. So it's gonna be more fun.   You're gonna get better at what you're doing. So it's gonna be even more fun. Like, and we want to bring us into fitness too. Like the more you like find out what you like to do, how you move your body, the more you do it, the better you get, the better experience it is. Well, but I think do it for the feeling in my mind. I think of do it for the feeling as I'm talking about like we're talking about you do exercise to produce the feeling of when you're not exercising. Like when you're sitting at work in a meeting and you're like, again, feeling confident, you're sitting in class you're about to give, you know, a speech for a paper or something like that. I don't know. But like, in my mind, I think do it for the feeling to me as well. I really want to stress to people that like, there, the big issue at hand here is that people who want to get fit think that to get fit they need more motivation, more willpower and they need to like, they need to love exercise.    I go to the weight room. I've lessened it now because like, changes I'm making to my physique but like, I've gone to the weight room for the past 10 years because I know what result it produces. If I had it my way, dude, I would completely stop going to the weight room. I have no reason to be in the weight room. I don't like to go to the gym. Yeah. But I do it because I know that scientifically this is what it's gonna do to my body which will make me feel better. So, my whole thing is like, you don't have to do it because you love it. You just have to do it because of that thought in your head of like, man, when I walk in the door and my girlfriend looks at me and she's got that look of like, damn, like you look really handsome or whatever, like that's the feeling. That's why I do it. You know, I don't do it because I'm super, there are people who love, we have Jesse, who loves to run 100 mile races. Yeah, I don't necessarily like to run 100 mile races. I'll dance for like 10 hours, but like, Yeah, but I think he's also doing it for the feeling after the race as well. That's true. Yeah, I know you do. That's true. But yeah, but for me, you know, it's different. I actually enjoy lifting weights.  I'm like, I like that. Like that feels good to me. Yeah. So what you, as I understand it is like, you know, find out what lens you need to view exercise through. Like it could be something where you're like, man, I love like my bliss state is going to the gym and doing whatever I like to do. Or my bliss state is thinking about the result that I get through working out and thinking about how it can show up in different parts of my life because of the benefits I get from moving my body. Ah, so like maybe with yours too, because I see this do it for the feeling. Like you sometimes go in there and do it for the feeling of like, man, I'm super stressed and every rep I'm like pushing through that barrier.   You're like, that's number eight. That one's number eight. That fucking, that fender bender earlier. That's 10. Yeah. And you like, you know, push that. For sure. I mean, dude, if I'm like stressed about something, like we run a business. It doesn't matter how like, how much you love what you do.   People, customers get angry for whatever reason. Things get messed up along the way. But if I pull out that jump rope, I know I can just go as hard as I can and I can move through whatever stress or anxiety I'm feeling. So true. Because I just get exhausted and I feel emotions are energy. So if I can move, I can, if I can expend so much energy, I can move through those emotions. Yeah. And that's my experience.  I've know that name. I've heard that name. Like, from Austin. I think she's, yeah, she's Betty's coach, fitness coach. Okay. But her whole thing is like, she gets people through depression through exercise. Nice. Yeah. Yeah. So it's like, that's available. That's super cool. That's cool. Yeah. Cool on that. But we're also well aware that like some people just want to exercise and eat right. So when they go to the beach, they look fantastic.  So my vision of like this video is that at this time, we kind of, yeah, we have kind of, well, yeah, we got to go pro. Yeah. It's putting that all together to this ultimate experience of life. And I think we're always talking about, like when we talk about the ultimate experience of life, it's like the feelings, just feeling good all the time, man. And it's so possible when you give up what we talked about last week, which was the guilt around thinking you have to do certain things. And it said, do the things that make you feel good, because you're going to be a better person and be nice. You're going to be more loving. Your life's going to be better. Right? Better life. Do it for the feeling.  Oh my God, blah, blah, blah. Think about the result, the big picture, the, the, and we're not saying, ignore the present moment. We're saying be in the present moment and recognize that, you know, what feeling are you trying to produce in your life? This is a pump-up session today. It's saying, I want you, no, I got homework for you right now. I want people to make a list. Yeah, you thought you were done. The top five things that make you feel awesome. Maybe it's exercise. Maybe it's not, maybe it's spending time with certain people, doing certain hobbies.   Find that feeling and try to build your life around the things that make you feel awesome. It's pretty simple. And that's what was pretty simple.  That's a great way to put it.  You know, I would say that. Dude, I think I'd say that all the time because that woman just emailed us about the accounting. She was like, yeah, Brandon said we need some help Shit, man, shit, knucklehead, all right, man.    No, I'm just kidding. No, heart, soul, continue, sorry. Yeah, man, well, I don't know, man. I get worked up over this because we could die tomorrow. We always talk about it. You just made a good post. Was that today? What'd you say? There's something about, I don't know, I forget. No, the first line was like, something about doing, I do this because, oh, I do this because tomorrow I could die. You know what I mean? I feel, what was that? Anyway, you could die tomorrow. So you might as well just have fun and live in the present moment because this could be taken away from you like that. Like that. Not to end all the way. The next hug you give someone, really give it to them. Yeah. Don't crush their, unless it's like your 90-year-old grandmother and if you hug her too hard, the carbones might. You might snap her spine.  Do one of these up under the back, like Pat. You gotta be gentle with grams. Dude, yeah.   I love the idea. That's the t-shirt. Hug, let's go on the tour.  Throw it on the Instagram later. We're out.


Right now, we're getting back to normal as we rebuild and recover from the fire. From the meantime, I invited some guest creators to produce their own project for our channel. First one comes from Adam of his YouTube channel, SpaceDodo, who has some experience with game development. I make video games and little proof of concept games and get them out there. Like currently, I'm working on a spinny chair game where it's a turret and you have a VR headset on and you spin in the turret and get to shoot. What I do for a living is I make VR and AR applications for a company called ARS. The app we're currently working on is a VR dating app called Planet Theta. It's still in a super early stage as we just started to close beta on it. I do lots of design and game design and things on a daily basis. Adam came to us with the interesting idea of trying to design a board game from scratch using just the Iron Age technologies we've unlocked in previous videos. Fun time to try to do this with almost no tools. Cool, it'd be interesting to see what you come up with. The topic of games isn't something we've really explored, but it's something that has existed for pretty much all of human history. People get bored and they need something to do. Games, namely board games, have been a staple of human history since before history even starts. With the earliest form of dice being knuckle bones and etched sticks, which can be rolled for a random number or divination. Early stoned etchman collar boards can be found in prehistoric Africa. Board games quickly become more complex and ornate in their designs and rulesets as games like Senate can be found in Egypt. In Ur, modern day Iraq, the royal game of Ur and proto-checkers are popular in 2600 BCE. The royal game of Ur was another racing style game which was superseded by backgammon in style and popularity around 2000 BCE. Meanwhile, in China, people were playing Go, a high-strategy territory capturing game. In 1300 BCE, we find latest La Tucurium, La Tucularum, and the Roman Empire, a two-player strategy war game which is believed to be a prototype of chess. There are many versions of chess which are found across the ancient world until Mads Queen chess became a popular variant in the Middle Ages, which is the same version of chess that we play today. In today's board games, the tabletop genre is coming back stronger than ever with advancements in game design and the ability to produce large amounts of intricate pieces very quickly and cheaply with plastic and cardboard. But before Adam starts making the game, this video is sponsored by Colby Parker is committed to providing exceptional vision care online and in stores, offering eyeglasses, sunglasses, eye exams, and contact lenses. Glasses start at $95 including prescription lenses, sunglasses, progressives, and blue light lenses are also available. Choosing your frames is super easy with our quiz. Just answer a few questions. You can start choosing a set of frames that best fits you. Let's go ahead and try out a few different glasses online. Even use their app to try them on on my face. And then got five different pairs sent to me to try them on, show them to all my friends, and see what was the best look for me. Ships free and includes a prepaid return shipping label. Their styles range from extra narrow to extra wide, so they can fit pretty much any face shape. Try five pairs of glasses for free at home at warbyparkter.com slash htme. Let's talk about designing a game.  Mechanics and design sounded like weird words to use when you're talking about making a game. The truth is that games can actually be constructed very intentionally with designs, flows, loops, things that make play happen. What we need to do is we need some sort of a tabletop game. I've got limited materials. So I'm going to try to use some good rules and construction, create a game that is going to be fun and enticing, replayable has some strategy to it. But at the same time, a little bit random, a very popular thing to do with the games is to make a race game. And with these race games, what you would do is you just have different pieces and you could just have a randomizer of some sort of spinner top you roll and then you would go around the board. Whoever wins wins. That's trouble. The randomizer being colors. That's life random going up and down that shoots and ladders. Royal Game of the Goose is a very popular historical game. Some race game can have some bits of strategy to them. And what lets you do the strategy? What lets it be more for a broader audience or an older audience is unlike UNO or something. You actually can control the game. You can actually play it and make decisions that influence it. So you can create a strategy. If you have a little bit of randomness that can disrupt the strategy some and make you make counter plans, which is why randomness is still used. If you have a game that is entirely without randomness, you can do that. Go is that way with go you're grabbing territory by placing blocks and the only randomness is what your opponent is going to do. These games are high high strategy, but you don't get a lot of surprises. So there's no randomness in chess. There's no randomness in go high strategy games kind of more of a fun generic games. When you can kind of throw those mechanics together, then you can create strategy and you can make backup plans and things go wrong. Do fun things make interesting decisions. You can make those interesting decisions with a bit of randomness.  I'm going to make the pieces. So I've been looking for some inspiration for making a board game with Iron Age tools. And the good news is it's very possible actually. Good inspiration has been wood. This is a wooden checker board. Wooden checkers also give me another idea since really I'll be either whittling or doing something with the pieces. This is a king from a chess game. Wood would make a very good material to use for this. My tokens for the game will be smaller than this, but this allows me to take a saw, which thankfully has been created already by Andy and saw sections of a stick across to make kind of wooden coins. And these wooden coins can be woodburned to give them certain symbols and the symbols can differentiate them from other pieces. As a viewer of the show, I've always wondered how long it actually takes to do these things. Like I always knew how hard it was watching the show, but when you do it, when you're like, Oh, I'm just gonna make this little scratch real quick. There is no real quick. 20p. Now I got to make a cube. What I'm going to try to do is use the saw to give myself a nice straight edge on each corner coming straight down and then I will saw it down and then I'll use my knife to whittle out the corners. All right, not a cube yet. And then that should give me some sort of a dice that we can have as a randomizer. Evening it out, try to make it more of a cube as long as I got to cut little notches for how much the die is worth on that side. So you buddy, you're going to be one. Could use blood as paint, but I don't think Andy and his team would appreciate getting like a bloody dice but that would actually be really convenient right now. Five, six, one, five, three, four. It's a dice. All right. So I've got my wooden pieces. Let's try this. Hey, we got a mark. So staining and actually is removing some of the soot. So I'm just going to have to stain it, stain them and see what happens. Some of them are turning out. We'll see. This one still looks half and half. I might still go with this method. Oof. Oof though. It's been a lot of oof. A lot of work. That one's good. That one's good. You've graduated to a black piece. You're just going to go the whole nine yards. So here we go. We got all the pieces here. Lots and lots of beautiful pieces you can touch. This is like a standard piece, the half piece, dark piece, the one hit piece. That's it. So I've got all these different pieces here. That means everybody can have their own custom pieces to gamble in the middle. We have a randomizer and it works too. I've been rolling it over and over again to make sure that this doesn't roll like a six every time. I've got a game here. So I got to mail this to Andy. This took blood, sweat, no tears though, to make. You can see why board games and ancient cultures, they were a lot of times buried with their board games and stuff or they carried them around a lot. They really, there's a high social value to their games. And one reason is because they were probably expensive, like rich people probably had games. And so here you have an update on the project. Quite a lot of effort to get this thing built, but I've got a game that should have tokens and a dice that you can roll that we can play this game. And so what you'll do for the game is the first player, you'll roll to see who goes first and the first player will pick an amount of tokens to bet. You can bet up to one token all the way up to five tokens. And if you bet five tokens, the player next to you rolls to try to take your tokens. If they roll a number higher than the amount of tokens you bet, then they get to keep all of your tokens. If any player gets all of another player's tokens, they lose, but you're trying to make sure that another player in the game doesn't get five of another player's tokens that you want five another player's tokens. If you do that, you win the game. Everybody else loses. There's a negotiation segment too. If for whatever reason somebody rolls and tries to and wins this pot, what they could do is try to sweeten the deal for both of them and say, okay, I want to make this trade instead for these particular tokens. If the person agrees that trade happens, if they disagree, they do not win the pile. They've lost it. So taking the game Adam sent, we play tested it a few times. It felt like it had the basis of a pretty decent game, but we found that it had some issues with the strategic aspect after a few rounds. So my biggest criticism is that I basically go down to who can roll six first. Yes. All the incentive is to, if you have enough pieces, put them all in there because then the odds are in your favor and then it's just a matter of who rolls six often. I don't think it's been like any incentive to like try and make the deal. I relayed my experience with the first draft of the game to Adam and gave him an opportunity to try and develop the game a little further and see if you could address some of these shortcomings. One additional issue I ran into is that while Adam's medallion tokens were a decent primitive solution, it ended up being a little difficult to easily identify and differentiate. So I thought I would remake them a little bit more unique in a metal for inspiration. I looked at some of the earliest game tokens that have been found like these triangular pyramid shapes and various animals. So I also use this opportunity to recreate the mold and Elise made way back of a small little lost wax statue of my cat. Dobby never actually cast that, but it did sell in the auction. So if somebody out there does have this original mold, so to make these, I first carved them in wax. Then I sandcast a set of five of each token in two different metals, bronze and tin. Hey again, Adam. So I play test of the game and kind of let you know a few thoughts on it, a few issues I saw possibly in it and yet you've had a chance to kind of adjust it a little bit. All right. So what are the new rules? I did as I went and I changed a lot of the rules and placed a lot of the rules. A lot of the concerns were things like it. The communication wasn't happening. I plan to happen and the randomness was taking over and that's not the kind of game we wanted to make. So there's going to be more than one way to win. The original way is to get five and another player's tokens. That's still a way to win, but also you can have two of every single player's token and that includes the player. If someone gets eliminated, that includes their tokens to two of all the tokens in play. The max bet is now three. So five was too safe of a bet. You have a little less control over if you keep your tokens or not. Instead of negotiating and when you want to pot, everyone has to trade at least one token every round. So when you get back to the original player, you have to do another trade, at least one trade of one token with somebody. If that trade, if someone's eliminated, you'd no longer have to do the trading round. If you bet only one, you have the option to reverse the turn order. So instead of going to the player to your left, it can go now go to the player to your right. We were almost to the final version of the rule and I play test it with my son originally. He's playing it in the middle of the game and goes, this game is actually fun. And I was like, oh, okay. I didn't know that the other one wasn't. So I think we're on the right track at least after having the chance to play with the new revisions. It was a lot more enjoyable and pretty fun game. Our top $75 supporters on patreon will be getting their own 3d printed version of the game. I'm going to be sharing the rules and everything with everybody. Try it out. Game development. It's kind of an ongoing evolution. Jess started out in India and it had like a version in Rome and chess was really four players and had a two player version. And eventually in the middle ages, somebody said, what if the Queen could just do all the moves? And that's called Mad Queen's chest. And that's actually the version of chess we play today. So games just take a long time to iterate. I think the iterations we've gone through definitely improved it. And there's a chance that, you know, maybe some of the viewers will see a thing and they're like, you know what? What if we added this rule or tweak this rule and kind of improved and perfected the game? I'm excited to see if anybody's got something to say about that.  Try out the game. Let me know your thoughts. Be sure to check out Adam's YouTube channel FaceDodo where he explores the topic of game development in a variety of other ways. I have a couple other guest videos coming up, but if you have your own idea that you want to pitch to us, shoot me an email. Thanks again for watching. Thanks again to all of our supporters on Patreon. Got some new content coming up. So stay tuned for that. If you enjoyed this video, be sure to subscribe and check out other content we have covering a wide variety of topics. Also, if you've enjoyed these series, consider supporting us on Patreon. We are largely a fan funded channel and depend on the support of our viewers in order to keep our series going. Thanks for watching.


amazing gap in the last two weeks. I mean, really just fabulous, fabulous quality gaps here, which, you know, we do get usually a couple of these a month, but just to have them over and over and over. I mean, this is just, was a really nice gap. So we're gonna go over it. So if you have any questions, you can always reach out and email me, watch me on Fox Business Fox News, email me at MelissaTheSocksWish.com at 929-3200 Gap, follow me on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, or Skype. So your goal if you wanna do this is obviously what? To make money, that's the reason that you trade, but you can't make money without a strategy. So I have one strategy that I focus on, one. And really, you can focus on one pick, one ticker symbol and you maximize it and you plan hard. I say you gotta find the good ones and that's how you make money in the market. So if this was low, excuse me, and low was another beautiful gap. Fell off a planet, stuck close to your gap down, boom. And fallen through today. In fact, this is still probably lower. So I called the put in this in the pre-market and I also called two day trades that day. And actually you could still be in the put, but honestly I think really was a great exit today or even yesterday, if you got out yesterday. Anyways, I called the puts for the option trade, the 101 strike expiring 531, this was as you see in the pre-market. So I rate the gap in the pre-market. I predict the move it's gonna make in the pre-market and that's what I did with low. And this was a great call because it really could have done what HD did. It could have rallied and flipped and held over the 200-period moving average, but this did not. And how did I know? Because I rate the gap. I have a reining system. That's what you'd come and you'd learn in my class. Here's the fall-in through today. Nice sell-off and lows. This is falling, falling, falling. So the option, if you didn't, you would have paid 150. Contracts 45 was an advanced risk of 6,750 bucks. Shoulded sex profit 20,250 dollars. Huge, okay. So this is a 300% return on investment within a 24-hour period.  Love when that happens. Okay, nice fall-in through here and low. And again, this still could be lower in the time out to the next week. But again, we're going into a holiday weekend here and markets closed Monday. So let's take a look here at this low. This was the 15-minute chart of low. This is the first day, the day trade we called in here, dropped. Then I called a second one in here, had the sell-off, okay? Here's the fall-in through in the put, then the second day down. So the first day of the gap was a day trade short, one-on-one-twenty. I called it stop, one-on-three-ten, 1,000 shares. 98.75 was the exit, 2,450 bucks in the first trade of low. Second trade of low, 98.89 short, 2,500 shares. Exit 95.80, huge move down. That was the sell-off in the afternoon, 7,725. Golden gap rating was 21 points. So that's how I knew this was gonna be a good one, okay? To call the put and to do the day trades. Total, this was on the day, the first day of low as the day trades, 10,175. A beautiful, beautiful move in low no matter how you played it. So if you did all of these trades in low with an advanced trader risk, you could have made over $30,000, $30,425. So everybody made money in this. Some people got out of it yesterday. Some people might even still be in it. I mean, low looks lower. It still has a week left for the put. But honestly, you get to a certain point, huge, huge flip over return and investment in the put. And even the day trades, with that sell-off in the afternoon yesterday was amazing. You've got to book money when you're up. Very important.  You can give it a chance to work. But if you have a small account, it is very important to book money, okay? That one thing I will say. If you have a little wiggle room, you can give stuff a little bit of time. But again, it's not about being greedy. This very well, I'm just gonna go back here. I'm just very welcome to go to some sick number in the next week. This is just fine off a planet. This could go to 92, I mean literally, literally this could almost go $10 through where I called it, through the strike. This was just such a great guy. This was such a great call. Anyways, you have to book money. That's part of trading. You take it and you also have to get out of it. But I've been calling great trades and it's really the gap quality. It's the rating system. I process this in the morning I get up and I use the checklist. The checklist tells me what to look. This is what you learn in the class. This is something you can learn. It tells me what to look for. I rate it. I get up in the morning and I rate the gap. And this rate in 21 points, okay? If you wanna learn my system, I teach my classes called the Golden Gap Porsche. Next class is June 8th and 9th. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern time. The cost of the class is 59.99 US dollars. The class is online. It could be anywhere in the world and take it. Sign up early to secure your spot.  I am very focused calling trades. Everyone is winning. I can't even keep up with all the emails I'm getting from students. I'm trying to get them out there to post them on how my assistant posts them. I'm just getting calls. I'm getting emails. I am so proud of everyone for doing well. And some people have gotten out a little bit early. That's okay. I'm never gonna get upset with people for booking money as long as you're green. It's just very important to make sure that you take the trades and signs yourself properly and give the trades a chance to work, okay? That's what you have to do. But when you do the class and you learn it, guess what? Then you'll know. You'll see what I see because you see it in the rating system, okay? It's the checklist. The checklist is like that's a meat and potatoes. It tells me and it gives you conviction to trade. So great, fabulous month. Happy holidays, everyone. Have a great weekend. Email me at melissathestockswish.com. If you wanna sign up for the class June 8th and 9th, I would not wait long. I would sign up. This class is already getting full. It has been a great 2019. I will continue to stay focused. Thanks, everybody. Have a great day.


Hard work beats talent when talent fails to work hard and it's like I feel like everyone has this like creative talent But you also have to have that discipline sort of like create your path in your experience My name is Diana Speartu. I graduated from Emily Carr. I Have my own ceramic studio and I work at Herschel the time I spent at Emily Carr was a Period of growth for me. It was just a really inspirational academic experience. I Learned that I can take my ideas anywhere and my ideas can take me everywhere So Emily Carr helped me to create those opportunities for myself And I feel like those opportunities still follow me to this day What makes my practice unique is Like having two different worlds that are are emerging because of the methodology that I use and Applying it to two different practices the clay world and soft product. I think the connections I made at Emily Carr Shaped my life in like several meaningful ways. I have had like a really strong network of colleagues that have Supported me and sort of endorsed me for different career opportunities and that's how I ended up at Herschel So my process at Herschel would include Working closely with the design team. They'll come to me with a sketch or like a spec drawing for a new bag And then we'll make a I'll make a paper model out of it So that allows us to do like a quick Exploration of the shape we can do quick changes to dimension and then from there for happy We'll go ahead and I'll pattern it and I'll make it out of fabric Every day brings new challenges whether it's can we scale the silhouette so that Like the opening of the bag is larger What can we add to this to make it more functional or what can we pair down to make it like a clean and modern Silhouette so like every day is different. I Found that my design can Empower people I can work closely with someone and they can inform the project as well It's not just about me and like what I can create. It's like working together


You know, Orlando 5 and 3 in the seating round but swept here in the playoffs. When you look back at these 12 games, what jumps out of you, whether it's individual stuff from Karris and Jared or something else? Really, it's the resilience of our team. We talked about we have an extreme resilience as a group, a competitive nature about us as a group and a sacrifice as a group for the men who came and extremely grateful for this group and the time that we spent together. Like I said, we're forever linked and I appreciate everyone who stepped on that floor and everyone who helped the men step on that floor. Greg? Karris struggled at times during the series, but he had a big game tonight and didn't much help. What do you think that he gained out of this whole experience with so much of the load on his shoulders? Great test for him, Greg. I think you saw him become much more verbal on the floor, a better recognition of what needed to be done on the floor on both ends and accountability level with himself and with his teammates. So great growth from him and experience. I hope he deems as worthy. We definitely appreciated his sacrifice. Brian? Jacques, both you and opponents that you have played have talked about how resilient this group has been so far in the bubble. Now that the season is officially over, I mean, just how important is it to you personally that that kind of resilience was apparent to Sean and to the powers that be and that hopefully you'll be around next year? Just how important is that to you? Yeah, Brian, I think you always as a coach, you want to bring out the best in your group and maximize your group. That was the challenge I had at hand, accepted that challenge. And I'm thankful that I got a chance to coach these these men. You know, throughout the course, you could be examined from different eyes. That's why I think it's so important at this time in my life and my career that I I show I showcase who I am. I hope every man and that woman in that locker room said that I was authentic with them, honest with them, hell, guys accountable, and that didn't change from day one. Alex. John, kind of piggybacking off of Greg's question. Now, obviously, you know, the first few games of the series, Toronto tried to make Karris more of a distributor than a scorer. And then then tonight he was able to get the scoring aspect is what surrender or whatever Karris was able to do. What do you think allowed him to be more offensively active tonight than maybe compared to some of the other games in the series? Yeah, Alex, we really try to push the pace tonight and not let their defense get set. It ran a toll on our group overall. The minutes start to add up, you know, when you plan a team as athletic and long, it just takes a toll on your body physically every game. But we really tried to get out and transition. If not, if it wasn't transition, it was an early offensive attack also, so which really got him going downhill. Christian. Hey, coach, just what was your message to the team after after tonight's loss and what was the mood in the locker room after everything? Yeah, I told him, Christian, that in times like these me as an individual, I lean into gratitude and that I was extremely thankful to have the opportunity to coach them to thankful for our performance group for getting those guys ready to play. Thankful for each and every person in that locker room from whether they made a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, whether they got a uniform ready, whether they made a free throw that we don't know what's going to exist in the future. And so I hope that they've learned one thing is that you take advantage of the now. Ian Begley. Hey, Jack, before you guys went down to Orlando, Sean Marks, I think said that it wouldn't be fair to judge you on wins and losses given the state of the roster. But obviously next year, the roster that we think is going to change. You guys obviously get Kevin Durant and Kyrie Irving back. You know, there's uncertainty with the coaching situation. But do you think that you would be a good coach for Durant Irving and whatever the team looks like next year? What I am confident is my skill set as a coach, my ability to communicate and have relationship with guys, my ability to adjust, adjust on the fly, adjust with individuals. Those things I'm very comfortable with, comfortable at this stage in my career of having voice and choice for my players. Very comfortable at this stage in my career of having truth and transparency with management. Very comfortable in my career of having a care and confidence level with my performance staff. So those things hopefully were showcased. But at the end of the day, I'm very comfortable with all those aspects.