We're very pleased to release this morning the Global Innovation Index for 2012. It focuses on the theme of stronger innovation linkages for global growth. In recent months it will not have escaped your attention that there has been a considerable policy discussion about how to deal with the economic crisis and what economic policies are appropriate. In particular there has been some calling into question of the emphasis in economic policies on austerity measures and some suggestions from many quarters that we should achieve an appropriate policy mix between on the one hand achieving sustainable public finances and on the other hand policies that encourage growth and employment. And it's very much in this context that we're pleased to launch today the Global Innovation Index for 2012 because we believe that innovation is a crucial element in that policy mix and especially in relation to economic policies that encourage growth and employment and sustainable growth. And to support the debate about these issues the Global Innovation Index contains a number of metrics which help us to assess and provide a continual assessment of innovation and policy performance in relation to innovation. This year's index as I mentioned places great importance on the need for having strong linkages between the various elements that operate within an innovation ecosystem. Let me say that WIPO joined in Sayed in 2011 last year as one of the knowledge partners and this year we've moved up the innovation ranking and become not just a knowledge partner but a co-publisher of the Global Innovation Index. One word on why we have done that. Well because the reason why we have an intellectual property is of course to promote innovation. Intellectual property is we believe an essential part of the overall innovation ecosystem. Intellectual property encourages innovation investment in innovation and encourages those who innovate to be able to have a framework in which to trade their intellectual assets and the fruits of their innovation. Thank you once again for coming and I'm going to hand over to Sumitra or Saman would you like to do the introduction. Good morning and thank you very much Francis for your introduction. We are talking about as Francis said a very important theme of innovation and it's very important to also realize that our definition and our view of innovation has also innovated if I can use that word over the last 10 or more years. Historically innovation was often thought of as a specialized improvement in products and processes done by a few specialized scientists inside the research laboratory of a company and organization. Today we think about innovation in a much more broader perspective but innovation happening not just within the product labs of companies but across the entire organization across multiple actors including the government including other non-governmental organizations and also across society as a whole. And it's in this light and it's in this flavor that we have created the global innovation index to capture some of these broader holistic aspects of innovation. So when you ask the question what does the global innovation index capture? It captures two important elements. It captures the ability and the capability of an economy to innovate and that is captured by five what we term as input pillars around institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication and business sophistication. So those elements represent the capability of an economy to innovate. We also capture the actual successes or the outputs in innovation of an economy and we represent them by the two output pillars in the global innovation index model namely the knowledge and technology outputs and the creative outputs. So it is in the holistic view that you should consider these results and these results are computed prepared by a team that extends across INSEAD, WIPO, across the knowledge partners, Booz & Co, Alcatel Lucen and the Confederation of Indian Industry. And in particular I think I would like to also mention that two of our key researchers Daniella Benavente and Shasha Vincent is here with us in the room. I'd like to thank them also for the contributions. Now if you look at the entire result we look at about 141 countries or economies in this year's edition covering a broad majority or high majority of the economies in the world and we look at data from a number of different sources and we take extreme care to make sure the data is as recent as possible and we spend a lot of time trying to make sure that we have the broadest and the best data available which of course varies from year to year. Now this year we have also introduced two additional changes in the model to reflect the evolving nature of innovation. We've introduced a focus on online creativity because we do believe that a lot of innovation today happens in the online space. We've also introduced an element on ecological sustainability because we do believe that sustainability is an important part of the capability of an economy to innovate for the future. If you look at the rankings we produce two rankings from the model and the analysis. One is the overall index which is an average of the scores on the input five pillars and the two output pillars and that average score is termed as a global innovation index. You have the results with you in the press release but this year we are very pleased to say that the top three countries are Switzerland, Sweden and Singapore. You see among the top ten a high predominance of European countries. At the same time you see also both Asian economies like Singapore and Hong Kong and also North American with United States at position number ten. We also compute another index which is an efficiency ratio and the efficiency ratio is the output divided by input. It is not the average it is essentially showing how efficiently is an economy transforming its input capability into innovation outputs. And this is interesting because the results in the efficiency ratio are very different. The top three economies on the efficiency ratio are China, India and Moldova. There you have a mix of both high income economies and also low income economies and the top ten rankings of the efficiency ratio. China as we'll see later has been doing extremely well in the overall rankings. Now if you look at some of the overall results from this year's study, you do see that the high income economies dominate and high income economies do tend to have a significant lead around the various elements of innovation, capability and innovation outputs as compared to other low income or middle income economies. At the same time what you do see are some interesting changes, interesting trends in some of the middle income and low income economies also pushing the innovation frontiers. One example is China which is ranked at position number five on the technology and knowledge outputs. So it's a very critical element of knowledge production and China did extremely well on that element. If you look at India also, it's a low income economy but it's ranked number ten on the creative intangibles. So it's doing very well in terms of creating new innovative business models, new innovative models using some of the capacities in the economy. Now one of the concerns we have identified on the report is the tendency in some economies to perhaps slow down the rate of investments in research and development inside their own businesses and governments. And we feel that this is of some concern because if one slows down the rate of investments innovation, it is not often easy to pull back and recreate the same kind of momentum once the current crisis or the crisis disappears or at least becomes less accentuated. So it is very important to maintain the rate of investments innovation if one wishes to emerge from this crisis on a stronger footing and also wishes to become more competitive in the future. In this case, we see that some countries have increased their business R&D spending. Turkey, Slovakia, Korea, Poland, Ireland, Hungary and Portugal stand out as economies where the business R&D spending, in fact, has increased in the last few years. As Francis mentioned earlier, we do believe that linkages across the various actors in the innovation ecosystem is very important. And we have a number of more in-depth studies looking at how linkages happen across different actors and how different economies in the world, be it in the Middle East, be it in India, in Asia or in Russia, are looking at the innovation ecosystem. So I'd like to encourage you to look at the chapters that accompany the data production, the data analysis, and the report that go into more depth on the linkages in the innovation ecosystem. We also see that inside Europe, there is a very clear differentiation or some kind of a gap emerging on the innovation capability, innovation results between Northern Europe and Southern Europe. A good news is that some of the Eastern European countries are emerging as fast learners and approaching their levels of performance, improving them significantly. You see in North America some signs of weaknesses in some variables. And we do caution that these economies have to invest in some key fundamentals that can improve their innovation capacity further and sustain their performance in the next few years. We do see that in some of the brick economies, there are some areas of weaknesses at the same time, some areas of strengths. And we do recommend that the brick economies continue to invest in innovation, the innovation infrastructure, because they have to both realize their potential and at the same time the world is expecting more from them in terms of driving overall growth and consumption in the world. As a final comment, I would like to mention that innovation is a changing phenomena, is changing definitions, are being applied to innovation. Measurement of innovation is a difficult challenge at the same time, the challenge that we all have to address. If not, policymakers don't have the right level of data and framework to analyze and to make the right decisions. So we do hope that this Global Innovation Index provides the right element of support to policymakers worldwide to be able to benchmark, to be able to learn, and to be able to further improve their own decision-making. Thank you. Thank you, sir, Mr. Barr. Please. Yes, sir. Good morning, everybody. It's a real pleasure to be with you here on such a location. And I'm even more delighted to have this opportunity to say a few words about innovation and Switzerland as a link from a business perspective. When Henry Nestle invented his first product 150 years ago, he could not have foreseen the future position of Switzerland as the global innovation champion, as it was just explained today. Nor could Henry Nestle have imagined that thanks to a sustained investment in innovation, his company would become one of the hotspots of patenting activity in Switzerland. I'm often asked what it takes to be innovative. Innovation is all about real thought leadership and the capabilities behind it, such as understanding the consumer, developing leading technologies, having environmental sustainable solutions beyond the new solutions, and having the right route to market. Innovative companies also embrace a culture of engagement, openness, and sharing both inside the company and outside. In other words, you need to be in the right environment for innovation. There is no doubt. And that's the beauty of doing R&D here in Switzerland. In fact, over half of Nestle's investment in research and development are in Switzerland. For example, this year alone, we are inaugurating three new research and development facilities in Switzerland. One for health science, one for systems like Nespresso, Dolce, Gusto, Specialty, those who are the tea lovers, and one for clinical research. This country provides a particularly rich and stable environment for innovation. Let me highlight three important advantages of doing research and development in Switzerland. Firstly, the education system. The dual system of general and vocational education in Switzerland provides an exceptional talent pool. There are 61% of the youngsters are all in this dual education system. This is incomparable to any other country in the world. In terms of general education, Swiss universities are amongst the best in the world and they produce some outstanding graduates. Every year, we recruit quite a substantial number of these into our international graduate programs. At the same time, vocational education is a very attractive way of preparing the next generation for the workplace. We fully support vocational training by receiving students to do apprenticeships with us, whether it's in our R&D centers, our factories, or in our headquarters. Secondly, there is cluster thinking. To understand what drives the economic performance of a country, you need to understand what's happening at a local, regional, and international level. By doing this, you can start to see the relationships and links between clusters of manufacturing companies, service providers, financial institutions, universities, and the government institutions behind it. And this gives the strength of this industry, academia, government networks that directly has implications for innovation. What it means is you cannot dislink production and R&D totally. You will fail on a long term. Let me give you a concrete example of how Nestle is applying cluster thinking in life sciences. We have just established our new Nestle Institute of Health Sciences in the Innovation Square at the EPFL in Lausanne. This means that we can be fully integrated in the local cluster of modern biotechnology, nutrition science, and life science activities on the campus, and at the same time, be part of a company. And further still, we extend our cluster thinking in life science across the borders of Switzerland by engaging in international collaborations and partnerships. One of those examples is our Alliance with Epigen, which is one of the best reputed consortium on epigenetics and an international cluster of life science experts in Singapore. With that, I almost come to the end because this depth in connectivity and networking really helps to drive the innovation agenda forward. There's a third point, and that's clearly the working environment. Switzerland is unbelievable attractive to young families, to prospective employees in both for the work and the non-work environment. I arrived here 22 years ago, and it would be difficult for me to leave again Switzerland because of all the positive sides, from teaching to working to sports environment. In short, Switzerland is a great country in which to do research and development. It facilitates innovation, helps to secure business growth for the long term. Thank you. Thank you, gentlemen.


Hey everybody, hope you're doing well. We are currently working on some side content, some experimental stuff, so our upload schedule may be spotty for a little bit while we work on that. But we are going to have a Paradox video coming up next Tuesday. And also... A podcast, baby. I know you love them. So we have a podcast channel called Door Monsters Podcast. The podcast itself is called Door Monsters Tiny Table. It's been a lot of fun. People have been enjoying it. And you can be one of them. If you just go to Door Monster Podcast, probably, Google that. You'll figure it out. And subscribe, hit the bell, do all that stuff. Here's what it sounds like. Welcome back to this... I was just channeling Zach Baggins. Like, when I do this with my arms. Right. Because Zach Baggins literally does this. He's already jacked. He doesn't need to do this. Like, it's okay, you're safe with me and you're not safe with Zach Baggins. Gifted is the wrong word. Like, yes, gifted, but for bad things. Curse? The word is cursed. That's your character was based off of an actual crazy person that followed us around. That's pretending to be my character. There is a good and a bad one here. It's really hard to figure out who it is. You're telling me if you had a moral dilemma, you'd consider asking me for good guy advice over Kyle's? No. Okay. But do you make digital archive copies of all of your friends to reanimate them later on? All right. Touche.  We just read a drama script. Just a complete drama script.  But no one's like, if you listen to it, that just sounds like a drama script. It would be nice to have money. It would. Actually, now that I think about it, going into the boys bathroom, you would grab on either side of the urinal urinal divider. Yeah. And you would do a backflip off the urinal. What? No. Grab, grab, like you're in the matrix. I hate this so much. We need a certain agent. There are no dividers. That's because everybody flips off of it. The takeaway tangent here is that all of the best movies are dangerous. We were like losing light and we needed to have a prop, like over on this other cliff. And then our assistant producer just hands it to Reed, my brother. And it's just like, just run. And he does it. And I was pissed. I think you missed an opportunity to make a clickbait thumbnail with Karn. Sound off in the comments if you hate me.


Hey friends and good morning! It is 3 a.m. and we are at the Epcot parking lot and we are gonna be running the Tower of Terror 10-Miler. I am so nervous, but I'm so excited at the same time and it's gonna be fun. We're gonna run all the way through Epcot around World Showcase, then into Hollywood Studios, into Star Wars, Galaxy's Edge, Toy Story Land, Downs Sunset and then back to Epcot and it's gonna be amazing. Anywho's, let's go do this. There is just something so cool about being in the parks like before they open or actually in the middle of the night because that's what it is right now. It's 3 o'clock in the morning. The race doesn't start till 5 a.m. but you got to get here early and it's really nice to see spaceship birth all lit up. Like I said in the beginning, I am incredibly nervous and I am super excited. It's just I've never run anything like this before. This is only my second run Disney event. My first one was a 5k and when it came to deciding what I wanted to do next, I really wanted to push myself and I love Tower of Terror so instead of doing like a 10k, I just kind of hopped right to a 10-Miler. I wish I was able to dress up a little bit better.  Zero the hero. This is really, this is some good pump-up music and we're actually going to head in Epcot right now. Oh, all right. All right, I'm getting excited. Hercules! For me, this is really a big deal. Personally, for me, kind of a huge accomplishment. I've never done anything like this before and I've been training really hard but it's not the same until you get out here and you face the humidity. I do a little bit of training outside but a lot of it is on the treadmill so I'm a little bit nervous when it comes to the humidity and earlier in the morning, like I said, it's gonna get hotter out right now. It's like 68-70 degrees but you know what's Florida. You're gonna have a lot of humid humidity and yeah, I'm excited just to be here. Even if I can't finish, I feel like I did something by starting and trying. The race should start in just about an hour and a half and there's a lot of people just hanging out. They have some live music, a DJ. They have a lot of photo opportunities. Everybody looks fantastic dressed up. I wish I dressed up but like I said, I was kind of more nervous and it's I don't know. Once I get more comfortable, I think I'll start dressing up whenever I do the run Disney events and I think we're just gonna head right in and wait at the start line. You know what I mean? We've got like an hour but I rather just be there and try to get like a front spot in the corral and here it is, the most magical place to race. I am in the third corral and I'm excited for that. They have four different corrals and if you guys don't know how it works, basically run Disney recommends a 15 minute mile like pace and first corral goes off, second corral, third and then fourth and then behind them are the balloon ladies. Now if the balloon ladies actually catch up to you, then you are done. Like you're just done.  So being in not the last spot is kind of an added benefit. When I first did my 5k, you know you always see like videos where they have like this start and then the fireworks go off and then you think everybody runs but that's not really how it is. Like it's kind of staged in groups. So even though we're here right now and the race starts at five, we might not be able to race until like 5 36 o'clock. So we're gonna be waiting for a while and here it is number three. We're headed in. This is also the first time a run Disney event gets to run through Galaxy's Edge. Oh boy. They're playing the preview for Obi-Wan. I've got myself a nice little fanny pack here. So we were able to put the camera and my cell phone in there. I don't want to be jingle jangle in when I'm running around, especially in my pockets. And a lot of people always ask what kind of shoes I like to wear and I ended up getting some Brooks glycerin right here. They're very fancy. Alright now it's time we're moving in. Time to get really close to everybody. Alright it looks like that's the rest of the third group and here is the fourth corral and I ran into my friends. York Adventures. You guys look fantastic. You ready? Nice.  Well good luck. Look at that. I like how they got the little rope there. I think this is ours. It's gonna be us now. First mile's the warm up. We're going. 530. 530. Oh wow. This is cool. Whatever we're coming up on here. I think we're about to go into another dimension there. Your temporal state is about to be altered. Mind inducement shifting into a 1939 conceit. A 1939 persuasion. The certitude once fell will substantially fade and never move to 1939. We're coming up on our first character sighting and look it's formal Chippendale. They look so fantastic. One mile down right there. Holy moly and we're heading backstage. We're under test track right now. Look at that. Isn't it amazing? I think we have to go to the bathroom. We're gonna stop in the Norway. I have never peed that much in my whole entire life. I drank so much water before this. Water break. Thank you. Thank you. We're cutting here by Morocco and it's funny because we're heading to Tower of Terror and you know the Tower of Terror kind of blends in with Morocco. Two miles with a little Corella and some Gracie there. Hi. You guys having fun? Nice.  I got a little bit of pins and needles in my feet and I've only hit the two minute, two mile mark. So starting to feel a little nervous. We don't talk about Bruno. Rubbing bio-freeze on my calves here. All right. I wish I could rub it on my feet. Shockingly the bio-freeze actually helped my calves a little bit there. Like it did. I feel a little bit better already. There's another one of two miles. This is the backside of the skyliner station here. Oh yes. Change in terrain here. Now we are heading towards the boardwalk. It's gonna be so nice seeing the boardwalk all lit up at night or in the morning. But look at that view. I'm sorry things aren't as steady as normal. I didn't bring my tripod and I'm a big sweaty mess. We got Jelly Rolls dueling piano bar. I think I need to go to Jelly Rolls to celebrate afterwards. You guys remember I said the only thing I ever run before to run Disney was a 5k for wine and dine. And guess what? That's the 5k. Two more 5ks to go and we can see Hollywood Studios and there's a tower of terror. I remember the days of coming here this time of the morning to get a rise of the resistance boarding group. How funny is that? Now boarding groups don't exist anymore. Used to be here like literally 6am. Another rare sighting. That's awesome. Welcome to Batu. From a different dimension to a different planet. Now we made it into the Toy Story Land and look it's both peeping woody. Oh that's awesome. I love it. I had to stop at the Toy Story Land bathrooms. But I want to say a big thank you to my running partner Meg at Mickey's Magic. She actually is running this with me right now and she doesn't live in Florida. So she is running with me and we're talking back and forth and she's really giving me like great words and encouragement. So thank you so much Meg and we're almost halfway there. Look at how pretty it is here in Toy Story Land and it's usually at night but the sun's coming up. The sun's coming up. We gotta hurry. Wow look at Mickey and Minnie. That is amazing. All right we made our way through Hollywood Studios. It's time to make a down sunset to the Tower of Terror. I can't see a thing and I lost my towel. But we're here. The time is now. Look at these ghost bell hops here. Oh my lord I love it. That is awesome. They look so spooktacular. I could do this. I could do this. One, two, three, let's go. Oh boy that's a big loop. Marker 5. There's Pluto hanging out on the side of the road.  They're all just so adorable. I love it. I'm happy to see people still on the bridge up there. So that means we're not really far back. Like we're not like at the end of the corral here. So that's good. That's a good sign. I feel like we were just up there. Honey Stinger. Energy shoes. I'll take that.  And that right there, 10k. And I got some energy shoes. Oh right. I'm not seeing the balloon ladies. I think I'm gonna do it. And look at that sunrise. I haven't seen them. Yeah. Oh boy. Look at that. And there it is. Mile number seven. One 5k to go. We could do this. We see Epcot. We see Epcot. We're going uphill. Epcot's around the corner and the sun is out. We've hit the top of the hill and just like the Tower of Terror, what goes up must go down. I hope the lens is clean. I can't tell because I can't see. I've been having fog issues. Real bad with my glasses. Actually this whole entire race, I haven't been able to look, help my glasses without fog at all I think. Oh that makes me happy. These characters were my favorite characters whenever I used to come to the Tower of Terror. Oh thank you. This is just amazing. Oh more Daniels. It's another hill. Oh boy. We came down one. We're going back up. Yeah. I'm so happy I did this. I'm like so so happy. Your temporal state is about to be altered. Mind inducement shifting slowly back to reality. I really wish I wore my fedora. I would have definitely stopped to take a picture with him. We made it back to Epcot. We're about to head in. Oh boy. We've been trying to reach you about your car's extended warranty. Yes thank you. We're in the backside of the living seas. That's really cool. Backstage just gets me so excited. Some Power Raid. The goofy movies playing. I've never been so excited to see spaceship Earth but there she is. The prettiest girl in school. I'm so happy this new walkway is open. Look you can see the test track cars in the garage back there. Test track. That is so amazing isn't it? This is where they put all the cars at. Half mile to go. And there's Guardians of the Galaxy. This is the show building. This is so cool to see. So the front is where Ellen's energy used to be and this is going to launch you into the show building and then I would suppose bring you back down and everything the whole ride's right in there. Massive huge show building though. It's just really awesome to be up close like this. It is 8 a.m. and I'm stopping. I'm stopping the finish lines right there. I'm going to go get cleaned up and I'm going to walk across that finish line without foggy glasses. No foggy glasses but we did it. My bib is actually starting to deteriorate because of all the sweat. So I'm going to have to try to put that in because I want to make sure I get my photo. Deep inside of me. Oh boy. I'm trying to keep the glasses clean. Hi friends. I don't think the glasses are going to stay on fog. You burned it. Yeah it is. It might light you. It got goofy. Thanks for cheering for me guys. Your videos are awesome. Thank you. Nice. Oh thank you. Now it's time for some snacks.  Awesome. Thank you. You're welcome. Ba da bing ba da boom. This is what you get in your little box here. Some tortillas, sunflower seeds, some cheddar cheese. Oh and it looks like a mini fruit bar. Fancy. Oh and moist hollow wet. I think I'm going to use that for my glasses. We got all cleaned up and now I think we're going to go cheer on the rest of the runners as they're coming in. I'm just I'm very very happy guys. I'm so I'm very very happy. Look at there they are. That's it. In the bigger scheme of things I know 10 miles isn't like the best but to me it is so much more. It is something that I really really focused hard to actually be able to do and I'm happy that I was able to bring and make a video to like kind of document it. I was so nervous that I wasn't going to be able to finish and you know it wasn't so much about like the timing and stuff like that. I was afraid I was going to get a leg cramp.  Your feet hurt and your legs hurt but that's why the bio freeze is so good and it kept me going and I really am so proud that I got to do this and I'm you know using this as a stepping stone. I went from a 5k to a 10 miler. Next maybe a half marathon like we'll start and just continue on going until I can do a challenge and I'm really I really do really love the run Disney. I love being in the parks going through the parks. It gives me motivation. I don't know why like I can't run you know at home but if I'm running through a park I don't know it just feels different. It just feels a lot a lot different. Yes. All right I think we have some guardians of the galaxy coming in. Oh wow look at the guardians of the galaxy coming in. I love it. It's just better. Oh that is amazing. Get it. Oh yes. Well that was amazing honestly seeing people come across the finish line and everyone that was cheering people on but even cheering me on when I was walking through it makes a big difference. It does. It really makes a huge difference and now I think I'm going to head to a park. I think I'm going to go to the park because I want to get photos so maybe I'll head to Hollywood Studios so I can take a photo with the Tower of Terror and my medal. You got to go to a park after you celebrate but first I think we're going to go home and get cleaned up. Got to get all cleaned up. Got to get changed to shower you know all that all the stuff all the things all cleaned up and feeling good and now we're heading back to Hollywood Studios. I have to get that photo you know where you're holding the Tower of Terror medal in front of the Tower of Terror like I feel like that's like a must so that's why I wanted to come back here and it's so cool because we just ran through here. It feels so great to be back here. It does look like it might rain a little bit and I really wanted to ride Tower of Terror. I'm sure it's probably a 150 minute wait because they only have the two elevator shafts open but we'll take a look see even if I have to wait 150 minutes. I don't know though my legs are feeling a little uh a little heavy right now. Honestly though if I can't ride the Tower of Terror I think I might be okay with just you know grabbing a beer and sitting and staring at the Tower of Terror I feel like that would be okay too. It's a perfect time to wait in line to actually get a nice photo pass shot here. I was trying to take photos when we were running down here like running down sunset but I was so fogged up like my glasses I couldn't see anything and I couldn't even tell if the camera like I'm sure all my pictures are blurry. I hope the video comes out good because I still haven't edited yet that's what this video is about today and uh yeah I mean it was it was amazing. The reason I wanted to actually wait in this photo pass line even though it was a really long line is because you get your photo with the Hollywood Tower Hotel uh suitcase so luggage look it isn't it so cool.  Now that we got some of the snazzy photos taken care of now it's time to drop in to the Hollywood Tower Hotel. I love the fact that during the race they were playing this type of music as you were running and it really just fit perfectly for the Tower of Terror 10 miler. The wait time for Tower of Terror was 130 minutes and guys I caved I caved I bought Genie Plus and then I sat there and just refreshed refreshed refreshed until I can get one and I'm gonna pay $15 basically just a ride just ride that's it and it's worth it. I think today it's totally totally worth it uh I mean it's a great ride Tower of Terror is amazing but uh to get the whole Genie Plus service and just use one ride you know what I mean that's not worth it but today I mean you have to. One of my favorite things to actually point out in the Tower of Terror are the hand prints up there look at them they're kind of like going down isn't that so nifty. I also wish we can go up to the tip top club to celebrate top of the tower. I love how all of these actually you take the missing letters because you notice everything has a missing letter and it actually spells out something and I don't know what it is so like this is star a and then down here you have like lob and the y's missing there or these are w's for the lower I wonder what it's I wonder what it spells I unhooked Goofy because he goes up and down like this so it'd be funny is as we're riding the ride it's like you know he goes up and down Welcome to the Hollywood Tower Hotel in just a few moments your elevators will be dropping in to take you to your rooms I'll be calling you in one row at a time all seatbelts go left to right left to right only make sure you pull out to any loose articles or children I hope this doesn't fly up and hit me in the face I mean it's pretty heavy but I'm not too sure how things work here there's this wildlife dome one time my hat flew off and actually fell down the elevator shaft and they found it they actually found it at the bottom and I had to go pick it up at Disney Springs just being able to come out and ride the Tower of Terror after riding the Tower of Terror 10 Mylar feel like I did the right thing there but now I think I'm gonna probably take off I think I'm gonna head home and get some rest it's been a long long day I haven't slept so like you're supposed to wake up I was supposed to wake up at 2am for the run and I kind of just stayed awake like I didn't go to bed at all last night you get too nervous and everything like that so I've been up for a very long time and now it's almost like three o'clock in the afternoon and I am exhausted I am so so exhausted I'm kind of delirious but I had the best time ever this was such an amazing thing that I was able to accomplish for myself personally like I feel so happy and proud of myself and I am so like thankful to be able to share it with you guys and I can't wait next thing you know half marathon marathon week here we come I mean crazy never thought I would ever say that so I hope you enjoyed the video I enjoyed making it we'll see you next time bye let's just take one last look at that big beautiful tower of terror because that right there is the thing that gave me the motivation to do 10 miles this morning without the tower of terror I probably would have just signed up for the 10k but I knew it the second I saw it because I love the tower of terror so thank you thank you the Hollywood Tower Hotel


This is the SF Productions podcast network TV signals in Kansas seven four-year time Remember some old 2d shows of course. I was before President Turner put that a false colorization law through in the 20s He's so sure about that. There were some great shows back then Wait see back before all the video is put directly in the computer memory in the com net people used to tape shows Let me see Let me let me hook this up here. Let me see what we got With us to the 60s and 70s dwelling place of the lost generation an era whose heroes role models and very lives were molded and formed by weekly installments of favorite television programs Welcome to the place your parents didn't understand. Welcome to the vast wasteland. Welcome home Adding episode of vast wasteland. I'm your host Mark Schmidbar along with Wilbert Neil and Marty Wiley And we're here to talk about 60s and 70s television and tonight on vast wasteland. Yes It's Norman Lear and we just couldn't be more pleased and proud but well maybe more maybe a little bit But well, let's see. We've got we've got a helicopter Anyways here on vast wasteland we're gonna have It's our third big season. We're going into now and what I think I think we figured out actually 20 episodes This is the 20th episode of vast wasteland hard to believe we've gotten this far. I know well, maybe that's for the 25th episode Coming later this season. Anyways before we jump in I just want to tell you we're on Tuesdays at 6 Wednesdays at 10 and Thursdays at 3 p.m Here on ac tv cable 21 And if you want to write into us just write into box 15 15 26 Columbus, Ohio 4 3 2 1 5 and now onto Norman Lear certainly one of the giants of 70s television Pretty much pretty much kept cbs afloat there for a while Pretty much single-handedly, but What do you what do you what do you get to start off with tonight Wilbert? Oh, I know you don't Norman Lear of course was doing a lot of working the 60s in films And he was getting kind of tired of all the stuff where he was He wanted something topical and something that Yeah, yeah, well Something topical that he could actually See something in the in the newspapers and like weeks later have it on tv And he just can't do that in a movie obviously, so He had a actually another big reason. He had a string of movies that made no money. So He said maybe I'll maybe I'll go do a tv show and he was looking at a at a British show called till death do us part Um And He said this would be a great idea for an american tv show except for the fact that it was very controversial and and of course everything on then was like, you know get smart and And a girl from uncle and mr. Ed that kind of stuff and Beverly hillbilly so If not for the fact that cbs had to pretty well empty out its schedule of all of its Rural programming there in the late 60s Rural is that when good smoke died? No, not gun smoke will went on for a while But Beverly hillbillies and and uh green acres and petticoat junction and he ah They all got pretty much dropped off the schedule because a lot of people watched them But it was the people who weren't spending any money. So the uh advertiser said boom get him out of here Watching tv. We've got no money. That's right. So they uh, they accepted this strange show which of course was At the last second called all in the family and like, uh All it seems like all great, uh television shows and movies This series never just barely got on the air because there was like two pilots on abc And abc was like well, we're third place, but we're not that desperate So they didn't catch it and a young fred silverman said over at cbs. Hey, we like that So we're gonna put it on yeah, and it just farmed more and more. Yeah, it certainly did Um, but didn't didn't you know everybody on all in the family? Wasn't there didn't everyone have an archie in their family?  That I knew uh, I never watched that show either so, um Show was certainly a groundbreaking the fact that uh, I think not only The the thing that everybody focused on was like, oh bad language and Relevance and all this but the other thing was the fact that it was Like you were saying it was a realistic family More than anything the language being so bad for for 70s television was horrible. It was pretty bad, buddy. Damn Oh, I heard worse around the house Well, maybe not around the house, but but for television that was uh, that was especially then it was uh, just unheard of and almost almost like on the episode of star trek when they were in the You know the city of the edge of forever there. They leave and correct.  That's right Toilets and and showed couples actually in the same bed that together sleeping or not sleeping The same great well So, uh, it really was a groundbreaking show and of course it just spawned uh, just uh, uh, a road A plethora plethora. Thank you. Um, let's see the jefferson's mod. Yeah mod. That was the first one. Mod beget good times Um, okay, and then also well, let's see from all the family directly. We can see jefferson's jefferson And then and then archie bunkers play right? There was loria, but off of the jefferson's there was the there was a very short show called checking in Yeah checking in with marlee gibbs as Who's the housekeeper? What's her name? Well, we don't know It was nothing Well, anyway, it was kind of like It was like the marlee gibbs show basically I didn't watch and they moved on to that and that was so, uh, well, I just wanted to hit george jefferson I I think he was just so angry all the time. He's just angry. I'm like, have a heart attack because you're so angry No, I would have hit him she had him she had him out way. No come on Oh Check him out. No problem No problem but you had um had the first spinoff mod from 72 to 78 I like mod and uh, of course, uh started on uh An episode where the uh, all the bunkers are sick And so mod has to come in to take care of them because uh, he just tried to take care of him She's sick and this has been working out and so this enormous, uh, verbal battle goes on between archie and Archie the ultra conservative and mod the ultra liberal It was like those two people run 60 minutes that used to call each other names all the time that she and alexander and in what's his name Because no one ever listened to what he said anyway, right And uh, actually this is this is a really tenuous spinoff But off of uh, also off of mod there was a show called hanging in and this was another, uh, another Norman Lear show this was kind of interesting started, uh, bill macy, of course mod's husband on the show who didn't play This is the same character But in the original version, this is really strange. There was an original version where they decided that Uh mod was going to replace a congressman who had just recently died And so they're going to move the show to washington They did this for two episodes on mod and they were going to rename the show whatever they were going to rename it Um And after two episodes b arthur said no, I don't want to do this and left and that was the end of mod And so they said we really like this idea though about this congressman. So we're gonna have a show with Uh, I mean it goes on there's like four different versions of this show Uh, there's there's a version where what it eventually ends up this hanging in show is actually a, um Uh bill macy is running a university. I mean It's really strange. There's like four different versions of the show. They said one version had john amos in it And which was a pilot up on good times and that never went anywhere There was another version of the show with cleavon little And that never got on the air and that was pulled at the last second and finally this bill macy version this show And this is the amazing thing the show had virtually the same script For the pilot of all four of these pilots virtually the same cast except for the the lead character The final version of it that took like three years to get on the air was on for five weeks. It was canceled I heard interesting stories about bill macy when that show was on I heard he was in the original old calcutta I think he was I think you're right and he didn't think anything of uh Say he had to do a scene in a towel. He didn't think anything of dropping that towel and showing the audience There wasn't anything there Well A real stage actor But I like mod a lot I even had my mom make me long. You remember how mod used to wear the long vest That was just so cool. I had my mom make me long vest because those were so cool to wear to junior high There you go. There's just cool So let's see it in it was mod Okay, who played the first okay adrian barbo was probably best known as carol. Yes, but she wasn't the original carol No, you're right. You're right, but I can't remember and I see the actress in in the pilot thing in the in the pilot That was an episode of all in the family Uh, let's see if I can find this here Oh Doot-doot-do.  We'll wake up screaming that woman's name Well, I want it. Well, who knows you guys do well okay So let's see so let's let of course mod begat good times good times JJ dino might walker He's still ugly Of course, we all ran around saying dino might then yes, it had that influence on us At least once that show went through a lot of uh changes changes because it's like They were all together and you got this real sense of family unity then Dad goes off to alaska to work the pipeline and then mom disappeared. Yeah, yeah, and then mom disappears And then summer got married. Yes to a football player that tore his leg up. Yes And jenna jackson got on the show An early appearance by jenna jackson. Yeah, it was like one of the No, no, no, she was a she was the adopted daughter of whenonah the woman across the hall. Oh, no, not another dodie I'm adopted kid. Oh, no She was like the adopted child of lona across the hall. Okay Okay It's like she took her He's he's like gets this whole concept for some reason I Go ahead Anyways, uh, by the way, we did just find marsha rod played the Original part of carol in the in the pilot for there's a name you don't hear off Russia rod went on to fame and fortune another thing. I think on like a couple episodes of bob newhart show or something I mean, I've seen her face. Yeah Commercials. Yeah, that's possible. I'm saying the Burgess Meredith narrate Speaking of Burgess Meredith and certainly not getting into the last last episode fiasco, but Uh, I can mention gloria because Burgess Meredith was on gloria. I'd forgotten all about that He was the veterinarian technically was an 80s show. So it didn't count. So that was like the last gasping breath of the whole Of the whole continuity pretty much archie's place kind of hang on there Yeah, I hate I hate to even count archie's place because by that point the show it just Lots everybody was gone except him and the little kid And it was like so nice and modeling and and it just said a lot pretty much all of it's it And yeah, it was this old guy sitting around a bargain drunk. Yeah, and then cheers came along Anyway, I'll buy you drinks in there. Anyway, well Of course, I don't watch that show either Other than the whole archie bunker universe there was a lot of a lot of other shows that got into of course, probably the I suppose the other the other big one had to have been Well sanford and son is is kind of a I consider kind of an iffy one because normally or wasn't really involved in He was kind of an executive producer But I you get the feeling that he was really never involved in it that much Based on step tone sun, which was another bridge show. Yes. Yeah, British comedy. Yeah, but bud. That was bud yorkin really So that's so there's that show and then of course there's mary hartman mary hartman I'm doing the big shows No, right ahead mh2. Yeah, I don't mind me. Yes mh2 Well the mh2 So, um That was a big favorite. We had that at where I lived. We got it out of Dayton on channel seven Like three o'clock in the afternoon for a very long time And people fussed about people complained about it and oh, this is such a horrible show All the kids are coming home from high school watching this show. Yeah, we were And then just for no apparent reason like overnight You woke up and it wasn't on and Channel 19 had picked it up was running at like 11 Yeah, that's what that's when I think Dayton ran at 11 30 for a while And then it was just like two did channel 19 At most markets showed it late at night because of everyone said oh, it's such a radical show Started off in the afternoons though because they thought it was just pretty much a soap opera And it was just right on Well in Columbus here it was on at um it was on the afternoons also for quite a while and people um it was like People some people watched it and other people, you know, they just passed it by they thought it was another soap opera Until people started talking about it. Yeah, then they went to turn it on and found out what it was about and then It's on after fritz tonight Not just before fritz I think 11 was about the latest it went on down where I lived because it was so stiff He'd get the 11 o'clock news in 11 30 Well the merry heart music would come up and louise lot Last year Too much cocaine. No, I think so There were a lot of neat people on that show But there were a lot of neat people on that show grandpa larkin Yeah, what a guy victor what was his name victor killian there killian and dodie goodman Oh, dodie goodman. You just don't see enough dodie goodman.  That's right. This is before you were allowed to say slut on tv Hope we dug in but First time for us Let's see. We had uh tom poston was on that wasn't it tom poston wasn't it? No, I think you're taking a tom or husband. Tom or husband was on there. Who was his name? Greg mullaby. Actually, Greg mullaby was on the show. I didn't watch that much. Oh, okay Oh now I watched mary hartman all the time the all uh rg bunker universe, which you didn't watch All right, of course mary hartman Let's see who else was on there jimmy joe jeters. Yeah jimmy joe jeter little tv evangelists They got fried in the bathtub. Yeah, because his dad just not who was who was dabney colman Yeah Joe dabney colman he he pops up every night all the time, but you just can't see enough Mary k place not only did mary hartman, but she also wrote some of mash and she was on an episode of mash She also wrote for that show and her husband was uh I just forgot his name. Graham jarvis. Yeah, Graham jarvis charlie charlie boy and um Who played jimmy joe though? I'm trying to think it was that little kid. I want to be sparky marcus But i'm not sure Little big-eyed kid. I know what you mean.  Okay. Well, there we are. I didn't watch the show Well, that's just the name didn't settle with me. I don't know. I didn't watch the credits But I think probably the person that got their biggest start Off of that show was like one of my favorite comedians I actually bought his record because I saw him on the show martin maul There it is. Yes, who who was killed on the show as um, he was killed as Garth gimbal and his twin brother barth came back. Yes, because it wasn't barth and then garth It's barth and then garth Which ever barth is the one on the talk show Is it? No, that's garth. Let's check and make sure Anyway, it was so cool because he was like this abusive husband And he like beat his wife up and he got He got into he she shoved him in the closet and slammed the door and the christmas tree stabbed him in the back But I see people like martin maul so much that they wrote in It said we want to see this guy some more So they created like the evil twin was dead. So they brought in the Not not as evil twin. Not quite as evil. Well, the other one wasn't much better This one's more sarcastic. The other one was just downright mean. He wasn't just down right mean he was Twisted mean funny. Well, I mean, but he was mean though, but then he went on to do fernwood tonight, which was just Absolutely hilarious, which I still watch. It's just of course now on nicked nights I think I probably liked it a lot because fernwood was rumored to be norwood And I didn't live far from norwood And you could draw the lines real close there Of course that went on uh Switches name to america tonight when they moved to was altacoma altacoma. Yeah, the unfinished furniture capital of the world They went from fernwood to altacoma fernwood norwood And uh This is great. Oh, you could buy this if you paid for it It's on mary hartman denis was we see his face all the time Oh, wait a minute. Okay Because it was so sad if you never saw like the beginning and end of mary hartman It it started out. She was scrubbing the floor trying to get the yellow wax off of it And it ended the same way She was like scrubbing the floor tom comes in pulls a beer pops it And ended the same way except it was no longer tom. It was denis. I was his last name was denis foley Well denis foley he was sergeant denis foley started off bruce solomon bruce solomon He doesn't have a bruce solomon anymore There was another character That you see all the time now I best remember this guy because he was a comedian he used to do a character called duggy duck And he was on he was on mary hartman too. It was like one of the first places. They ever saw him Okay, but I can't remember his name except that i remember he used to do a full character called duggy duck He put a baseball hat, but he didn't do that on mary hartman. He just stayed up late and watched tv Well, let's see martin mull now back to him and I um Had been hearing a lot of his comedy stuff. They'd played on the radio And that was before the mary hartman thing before he was on there really and uh Then by golly there he was on there and he got finally got to put a face with the uh the voice And he didn't look a thing like what he sounded like He just got on to do more Movies and the history of white people in america In fact, he's probably the most prolific person from the show to go on to I know you still see louise lasser But she's Well, let's take a look at some of the other shows that didn't quite do as well in the norman lear area You just you mentioned one earlier Look what an enormous cast this show had is just stunning. I mean what is about uh 15 people there? It looks like exactly An enormous cast for a show For a show that was only on like a very few number of episodes all the way from march to april Well, let's see we had um Pablo Not much of a vehicle didn't take him It was enough to just get his face on the camera and now you can't get out He's like a comedy channel uh standard filler guy there now Then we had this very strange show that uh the norman lear didn't actually develop but he did he took uh Tried to syndicate called the backsters. Yeah, and this was a very strange show The idea was half of it was a sitcom, but it was some sort of relevant all-in-the-family kind of thing and uh What happened was the first half of the show is this sitcomy relevant deal and the second half Local hosts kind of like phil donahue types I guess like walk through the audience and get people's opinions about and they have a debate about it And they did this at its local station and it was a big hit and so norman lear bought it and tried to syndicate around the country And it flopped That's because you just can't get local people.  We had um, let's see. We mentioned hanging in the hot l boltamore. I loved it Now that was a great show, but great show But when when you when you look at that when you look at that though, you got to say What chance did that really have of making it in 1975 a great show though? It was a great show, but there was no chance for that making on broadcast sellers in 1975 As as our granny bean said it was the older lady that lived next door She watched the show and you would think someone Of her age was oh trash garbage. No, she loved it. She said, you know It's one show she could turn on and everyone was friends And no one was fighting and no one was trying to hurt each other It was very much like it was kind of like a bernie miller kind of thing really very similar Wacky, you know these the the story kind of comes in, you know, just like just like there, you know Right down kind of hotel right found one of my most favorite actresses on there can chat a feral Who you see on lots of things now? and The other fellow whoever played bill he was in a lot of things you seem a lot tall fellow thin names cromwell Okay, him or richard mesur also and yes mazer. I guess it's major. Yeah Al Freeman jr. Oh, I was I was sad when that show went off because I really That was my friday night Yeah, that was a good baby sitting job watch that show put the kids to better watch it was great Well, let's see. I had two more shows here I just wanted to make a real quick thing before we were about to be thrown off thrown off for this the end of the show Nancy walker show, which stuns me that norman lear had anything to do with that as as this It was it was just a bad show. We'll just leave it at that and a year at the top Which was about two aspiring rock musicians who the devil was trying to get them to Decide this contract so they'd be famous and it was the two rock musicians were greg avegan who went on to my two dads and paul schaefer No, so you can see you can certainly see that norman lear certainly went from from really uh From great stuff to really bad stuff. So it's so that anybody can do really bad stuff Too much


What kind of world do I want to live in? I think about this question a lot. For our generation and for specifically my group of people, which is refugees, the circumstances might dismantle any vision of the future that we have. You're trying to rebuild, you're trying to make a future for yourself, and then the climate-related disaster comes and you start again.  The first step to understand is that we're all a part of it. None of us are going to be left out by the crisis. We're at a stage where if we don't act now, really there won't be very much left. There are generations that will never see certain things that we grew up seeing in real life. We have to start treating this like the emergency it is to achieve the 17 sustainable development goals. We have to go from an intention to a serious commitment. Business leaders really need to rethink how they conduct their business and invest in creating systems that are climate-friendly. What I would like to see is accountability, structures being put in place where countries aren't just asked to do something, but they're kept accountable to the decisions that they make. There has to be that strong collaboration between government, between corporations, between youth activists to drive change forward. The world I would want to live in, it's a world where imagining the future is not a privilege. I want to live in a world where people do not give up on hope. Hope that a positive change is possible. The fact that you're listening today means that you are willing to make a change. Thank you, Mark, for being so vigilant and shows the agility. Agility of the panel. Welcome, everyone. Good to start on a little bit more of a humorous note because it's a very serious panel, at least a very serious topic with the most important players in the climate field in the world. And let's face it, we are in an emergency situation when it comes to climate and nature. We had the warmest year on record last year. Our planet is on fire and we need to act now. The cost of inaction far exceeds the cost of action and we just have to understand there is no vaccine against climate change. There's no easy solutions, but the solutions are there and we can do half of it before 2030. With the technology we do have today and if we no start to implement what we agreed at COP26. So we have a great panel to discuss this. And as I said, we also have two of the key players from COP26 with us, Secretary Kerry being the climate envoy of the US and Minister Che, one of the most experienced Chinese leaders in this, also the climate envoy and former environment minister of China. And the two of them at the last moment at COP26 showed that there is possibilities for the G2 to still agree on important topics. So I think we should give them a big applause for that. And we are, of course, very interested in hearing what new breakthroughs we can have in the years to come and in the run up to the COP27 that will be in Africa in Egypt. Let me start with you, Secretary Kerry. Thank you for your leadership from the Senate and until today on oceans, on biodiversity, nature, we know that a million species are at threat of being at distinct. We know that there is so much at stake now, but still we can reach 1.5 degrees if we no start to implement what we have agreed. But last year, we saw an increase in the global CO2 emissions. So where do we stand? And what measures can we take and what measures will the US under your leadership and President Biden's leadership take to make the planet a better place for future generations? Well, Borga, thank you very much for the invitation to be here, and I'm delighted to be here with all the members of the panel, particularly with this gentleman. We have spent many hours together over 25 years, and we are friends, despite real differences between our countries, obviously. But we have heeded the admonition of our presidents that we need to try to find a way forward. Climate is not a bilateral issue between the United States and China. Climate is a multilateral, universal, existential issue for everybody. And unless China and the United States together try to find a way forward, and other countries are involved, obviously, but unless we do that, we can't get where we need to go. You say, where do we stand now? We stand on a precipice. And if you pull back from the precipice and do the things we need to do, we have an incredible future ahead of us with a capacity to open up a brand new, unbelievable economy globally in the world's greatest transformation ever as we move to a new energy economy as we get pollution out of the air, which is what is causing the climate crisis. People forget. Greenhouse gases are pollution. And 15 million people a year die because of the quality of the air around the world, which comes principally from fossil fuel burning that is not mitigated, abated. And so we stand on the precipice of being able to move away from that. I think also on the other side of the precipice, you better be realistic. 51 degrees centigrade yesterday in Pakistan and South Asia, 70 degrees Fahrenheit above normal in the Arctic and 100 degrees Fahrenheit above normal in the Antarctic a few weeks ago. You can run around the planet, and there isn't any country on the planet that isn't feeling and living the impacts of the climate crisis. Droughts, fires, mudslides, floods, storms with greater intensity that comes from the increased moisture coming from the ocean, which comes from the increased heat going into the ocean because 90% of the warming of the planet goes into the ocean. And the oceans, they are at risk. The chemistry changing faster than they have in millions of years. And you can't solve the problem of the oceans if you don't solve climate. You can't solve the problem of climate if you don't solve the ocean. And people need to understand that 51% of the oxygen we breathe comes from the ocean. So we're dealing with a crisis here, folks. It's a crisis made by human beings. As President Kennedy reminded us, most of the problems on the planet are caused by human beings, but that means they can be solved by human beings. And this can be solved. In Glasgow, we left Glasgow thanks to Minister Shea and France Timmermans and countless other ministers in countries. We came together knowing what the stakes were, recognizing that we needed to come together and compromise, find a way forward. But for the first time ever, the whole community of nations that came together said, we must reduce the consumption of fossil fuel. We must phase down the use of coal. That's never happened before. We embraced a 1.5 degrees target. And the 1.5 degrees was not something anybody pulled out of the sky or did as a matter of politics or ideology. The 1.5 degrees is based on science. In fact, everything that we think we're talking about doing is based on math, mathematics, and physics. And it is rare that you can get the kind of certainty about what is happening to us, as opposed to all the investments that countries make, any individual makes an investment. You can't be as certain about that investment, usually, as you can be certain about what is happening to the planet, and why. So we need to move. We need to accelerate. We need to do more. And Shea Genmois understands that he's committed to that as we are. And we're working together now to try to find the way that we can move forward. 20 countries, ladies and gentlemen, equal 80% of all the emissions on the planet. Think of it that way. And if those 20 countries can move rapidly enough, we can win this battle. We left Glasgow with 65% of global GDP committing to real plans that can get you to 1.5 degrees. That means 35% did not join that. And what we need to do now is help some countries that need assistance to be able to make the transformation do it. So we're working. The United States is working together with Germany and Britain and France, other countries, UAE with India, with South Africa, with Indonesia, with Vietnam, with Mexico, with other countries to help them to get the investable financing and the technology that will help them make this transition. I am absolutely convinced we will get to a low-carbon, no-carbon economy on this planet. I cannot tell you I'm convinced that we will get there in time. That we will do what the scientists told us we must do four years ago, which was reduced by 45% minimum over the next 12 years. We lost four of those years, and you all know why. Now we didn't lose them completely because other nations kept going, and people kept doing things, even in America. But we didn't have momentum. Now we have momentum, and we have the ability to be able to actually keep the world at the degrees we're aiming for. Fatih Birol and the IEA let the world know that if we implemented everything that we agreed to do in Alaska, we would be at 1.8 degrees centigrade of warming by 2050. That doesn't tell me we can be satisfied with 1.8 degrees. It tells me that with a little more effort, we get to 1.5. And every 10th of a degree makes the world of difference. Bottom line, I'll just close by saying to you, no government has the money to be able to solve this problem by itself. No government will move fast enough to solve this government by itself. We need you. We need the private sector all around the world to step up as major financial institutions are stepping up, as companies that have joined the First Movers Coalition who are saying even by paying a green premium, they're going to buy 10% green steel. They're going to buy green cement. They're going to have some of them have invested in electric airplanes. Some of them are going to make new ships, MERSC, for instance, that are carbon-free. We're starting. We're on the move. We simply have to accelerate this by several times. But I am convinced that through technology, through innovation, through human ingenuity, if we will find the human will to make the choices available to us, we can win this battle. That's where we stand. Thank you, Secretary Kerry, for that. I think you deserve a great applause. And Minister Chair, welcome to you. And thank you also for your leadership at COP26 and on the environment and climate for decades. You heard what Secretary Kerry said about that we have to accelerate this several times just now. Let me know that China has committed to peak emissions before 2030 and also being climate neutral by 2060. Could you share with us what the next steps and what will take place from China's side in the coming years based on these ambitions? Can it be accelerated? And do you also feel that the collaboration from Glasgow between Secretary Kerry and yourself could be continued in the run-up to COP27? Minister, I'm welcome. Thank you, Mr. President. And thank you, Mr. Kerry, for your remarks. And actually, among the audience, and I have a lot of friends there. So hello to all of you. When we deal with climate change, the Chinese government actually has been persistent in our perspective. In January this year, which is their video meeting, President Xi said that we should work together to overcome the crisis and to achieve the win-win situation. And we should also work together to solve the crisis. And we need to make contribution to our future. And last September, President Xi also put forward a new initiative with many messages that we should push forward the more robust green transition and green development. So global and green development is one of the key things. Facing with the common future of humanity, every party should make their contribution so that we can deal with the crisis and the situation. So only by cooperation can we find a solution. So actually, China has taken proactive and concrete actions. And President Xi actually also put forward the dual carbon goals, like President Brennan mentioned that. We do have goals of carbon picking and carbon neutrality. Actually, we should remember that when we talk about the year 2030 and 2050, our commitment is before 2030, before 2060. And so to achieve our goals, leading group has been established. And we also have formulated one plus N policy framework. This N element means that all stakeholders should do something to make their own contribution. 37 different sectors announced their measures to counter the climate change, which will optimize our energy mix. We will further establish the global carbon market. Our transition to your degree in energy is now very common in China. China is constantly promoting the climate governance of the world. President Xi is very engaged in this agenda. China has made important contribution in the Paris Agreement. And we see a very good collaboration between the US and China so that we have achieved great success for the Paris Agreement. In a 2017 US conference, President Xi mentioned that the Paris Agreement is our future direction. And we have to, we cannot abandon it. Together, we're again meeting up each other in Davos. We're facing greater challenge than before, as Mr. Kerry mentioned. Here, we would like to urge all countries to work together to overcome the challenges in front of us. We have to turn our pledges into concrete actions. We have to follow the principles of Paris Agreement. We have to reinforce our actions. We have to implement the goals of Paris Agreement by working together. In order to have a win-win situation in our global governance of climate action, thank you very much. Thank you very much. I will come back to this to a gentleman. But let me now turn to Elizabeth Batuti. I heard Elizabeth speak at COP26 as a young climate activist. Very impressive. Elizabeth, you also started and are the founder of the Generation Green Initiative. And based on the agreements in COP26, where do you feel we stand now and how do you feel about the run-up to COP27? The humanitarian crisis that I described to the world leaders at COP26 has only worsened since the last year. And right now, over 3 million of my fellow Kenyans and over 20 million people across the whole Africa and neighboring countries across Kenya are right now facing extreme hunger due to a record-breaking drought that has actually seen consecutive rainy seasons fail. And the war in Ukraine is now exacerbating these already terrifying high levels of food insecurity. And just over a week ago, I visited Wajia County, which is a county in the northeastern part of Kenya. And what I witnessed there was a deeply shocking example of the suffering that the interconnected climate nature and food crisis is already bringing to bear across the African continent. I saw dead and dying livestock, the goats, cows, camels. All these are livestock that this community depend on for 80% of their livelihoods. But right now, they are not able to meet this because of the drought situation. The decimated wildlife, wild animals that have to walk for long distances to find water but end up losing the battle at the end of the day. And the hungry and desperate people who are also losing hope for their future. The reality of climate change is here and it's getting worse. And it's getting worse because we're not taking the clear and concrete actions that science says that we must take in order to turn these around. And we know that we must break our deadly reliance on fossil fuels and also invest massively in a clean energy future and also ensure access to energy for all. We also know that we have to transform our global food systems. And we also have to raise our ambitions to limit warming to 1.5 degrees and assist others as well to meet this challenge by mobilizing finance and resources including a separate finance facility for loss and damage. My message to the world leaders ahead of COP 27 is still unchanged. Open your hearts and feel the immense suffering that our way of doing things is causing and then act at the scale and speed needed to turn things around. This is not just a moment of compassion. This is a moment of action and reform. And what we will gain by solving the food, nature and climate crisis together will be improved, health, security and also well-being everywhere. But we have to act with urgency. We have to fix this problem right now because frontline communities are not waiting for the impacts of climate change to hit in the future. It's happening right now. And the best that we can do is to fix this right now so that we can actually save all of humanity. Thank you so much, Elizabeth and also to share what is happening on the ground in Kenya. And as Elizabeth said, it's not any longer about why, it's about how. And Geraldine Machette, co-chair, co-CEO of Royal DSM, also the CFO. I know you're very passionate about what Elizabeth also talked about agriculture and the food situation and the food crisis that we are faced with. And how can we turn the food and agriculture is today a major contributor to emissions? It also uses a lot of water for irrigation. How can we turn food production into something that can produce more food and decouple this from the negative effects and hurting nature? So, over to you, Geraldine, and thank you for your leadership in this field. Thank you, Roker, and hello, everyone. And thank you, Elizabeth, for bringing the reality of today on our doorstep. I think this week in Davos, we simply cannot avoid the fact that there is a food crisis as we speak. And that basically the food systems of this world are extremely fragile. Now, there's the crisis which is linked to the Ukraine situation, but this has been coming and is already here, as we've just heard. And it's probably worth going back just a little bit in time to put it into context. In 1950, we had 2.5 billion people on this planet. And at the time, 70% of humanity was living in poverty. And the biggest urgency was to feed everybody. So we put our brains to work and our science and our innovation. And we focused for a few decades on producing more and more and more food. Now, we've actually been very successful. In the meantime, the number of humans on the planet tripled to over 7.5 billion. And we have actually managed to reduce over time the percentage and the absolute number of people who really are lacking food. However, if you look at the food systems of today, we are able to feed reasonably well about 3 billion people. There's another 3 billion people who are unable to afford a healthy diet. And there's a billion people who are simply undernourished. And the people on the brink of starvation has tripled in the last two years. So this picture is not good. And this is before we overlay an even worse impact from climate change, which is why we're talking about food with climate, is that it's the same battle. In fact, this increase in food production has had a massive impact on planet Earth. Few facts. Food production actually requires 70% of fresh water that we use in the world. It's the emission. It emits about a third, 34% of greenhouse gases. And it is by far the biggest cause of the loss of nature and biodiversity.  We're seeing that in all geographies, and you said it very nicely in your introduction, there is not one country that isn't suffering from droughts, from floods, from fires. And all of our food systems are actually under threat. Now, if we look at that picture and we turn it into economic figures, the fact that our food systems are not sustainable is costing the world about $2 trillion a year. Now, if we are able to switch our food system from a net negative to a net positive, and the innovations exist, but we need to scale them, we'd be able to convert that minus 2 trillion into actually a positive 4.5 trillion of value creation and 400 million jobs with that. So an affordable, sustainable employment in food production is all very possible. Now, of course, this is nice to hear, but the question is always the how. And we could spend hours here debating that, but there's maybe a few thoughts to put in place here. The first, now, food production accounts for about a third of methane emissions, and we all know that methane is 28 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than CO2. We can buy time. We can buy time by at least reducing methane emissions wherever possible, be it from livestock, be it from land waste, and of course, the other sources of methane. But this is one first element, and that would actually extend to switching our food system to much more regenerative food system production. We have to change the way we produce food in the world. The other one is really about redirecting subsidies. There's about 600 billion of subsidies going to agricultural activities that unfortunately aren't subsidizing the sustainable practices but are actually still subsidizing quantity over quality and quantity over sustainability. So this is actually within our hands to redirect that. And maybe last but not least, one has to have a debate around diets and climate resilient diets. And that is really looking at what are we eating as humans because there's a big correlation with, of course, the health of the human beings. But we are seeing that some of the crops on which we rely the most to sustain healthy humans are actually not adapted to climate-impacted geographies. So this is the food crisis in the short term linked to commodity prices and the impact of the Ukraine-Russia situation. It is a shock, but it is the first out of many that we can expect impacting the way that we are able to nourish ourselves. Thank you, Geraldine. It's a stark reminder to all of us what is at stake. Marc Panyof, Salesforce, you're the founder, has been through a decade of transforming itself also to become even more sustainable. I think last year you went net zero. You used 100% renewable energy and you're also a believer in technology. But as I mentioned at the start, with the current technology, we can also halve an amount of emissions by 2030 if we want it. You're also being a strong believer in nature-based solutions, being a supporter of the trillion trees. But how do you see the role of eco-entrepreneurs and innovations on top of the technologies and mitigation we can do with what we have today? Because it wouldn't hurt with some additional breakthroughs, too. Over to you, Marc. Well, thank you. This panel is so inspiring and energizing to me because I am ready for a new environmental capitalism. I'm demanding a new environmental capitalism for myself. It means exactly like you said that my company Salesforce, which is now 75,000 people based in San Francisco, must be net zero. But it also means that every company here at the forum must be net zero and fully renewable. We have no choice. We're at the time where we must create a net zero world. It's one of the reasons why the First Mover Coalition that we announced here at this conference is so important that we announced that we were going to pre-buy $100 million of capability to extend our net zero status. And so many other companies as well. And I hope that every company will join us. It means that not only do we have to be net zero and fully renewable, it also means that we have to do everything we can to sequester 200 gigatons of carbon that's already out there, which is why we created the trillion tree program. By planning a trillion trees, we can sequester 200 gigatons of carbon. And we must because we had 6 trillion trees, but as the world, we have deforested 3 trillion or half of our trees. That's 600 gigatons of carbon banking. We must put that back. It's one of the reasons why I'm so excited that we saw not only the governments of China and the governments of the U.S. This year make major commitments to invest in trees and carbon sequestration. And creating exactly as the minister said from China, so articulately carbon markets so that we can enable and energize a new ecopreneur revolution. We see these technologies exactly like you said and so many young people here today who are building new companies that maybe they were like me, entrepreneurs, but now they are ecopreneurs focused on the environment. I was just in Sydney, Australia with one of these ecopreneurs, Guy Hudson, has a very exciting company, LoneBio, building a new kind of biological that when you plant your soybean crop, you also plant it with this biological substance made out of mushrooms. What does it do? It doubles the soybean crop. It requires less fertilizer. It sequesters more carbon than ever before. And these types of technologies in these new companies, this is what we need. We need this kind of next generation of innovation. So I'm ready for a new environmental capitalism and I hope that Salesforce can be an example that we can create great companies. This year Salesforce will become the third largest software company in the world. And as we enter the Fortune 100, we're doing it as net zero. I hope that it motivates every company here to do that as well. Thank you. Thank you, Mark. And thank you for coining this environmentalist capitalism. I think this is something that can inspire. Also thank you for your leadership in the first Movers Coalition that Secretary Kerry, President Biden and the World Economic Forum launched at the COP26. This is really a coalition where no 54 of the leading companies in the world, including Salesforce, the apples of the world, the Amazons of the world, say that they commit then to say that their suppliers have to green and leave less of a CO2 footprint in their production or they will not buy. That sends a very strong message and it can accelerate also new technologies doing this. But let's come back to the Secretary and the Minister. It's so much of the future of the planet is in your hands. US and China is almost 50% of the global economy. And we know how powerful it is when you can agree. Before Paris, where you both played such an important role, we were on a track to four degrees increase, four degrees. After Paris, on a track to three. After COP26, when you did agree, we are now on a track or potentially on a track to two degrees, not where we need to be because that's 1.5, but now we have to agree and we have to implement the necessary measures to get to 1.5. So my question to you Honorable Ministers and Secretary is how to get there, will we get there and will we now get the necessary momentum in the run up to COP27 or will leaders know just focus on having all the necessary energy available and they will forget about the green agenda. Maybe Secretary Kerry first. Well Borger, that obviously is a fundamental challenge right now. We are not on the track that we need to be right now. Emissions went up 6% last year, coal use went up 9%. Wrong direction folks. That's before Ukraine, before Ukraine. Now Ukraine is being used as a lever to make the argument that oh wow, see you gotta have this energy security which we do have to have, nobody doubts that. But there's a head long plunge to sort of say wow that means we've gotta drill a lot more and pump a lot more and we've gotta build out more infrastructure in order to be able to deliver the gas to Europe that we have to have, et cetera, et cetera. Now we have to do some of those things. We have to make up for the gas that Russia is losing. That Russia is now that we're cutting Russia out and not selling it so where are you gonna get it from? Well Europe has made a decision to completely accelerate their deployment of renewables and France has determined that they're gonna have to double down on nuclear and make different choices. So all of us need to recognize that we have the basic technologies now already deployed to get where we need to do in this next eight years to meet the goal of a 45% reduction. But we do not have yet the technologies fully brought to a scale and developed sufficiently to be able to do what we need to do to get that zero 2050. But first things first, we must get a 45% reduction in these next eight years because the same science and the same scientists tell us if you don't reduce enough between 2020 and 2030 barring a miracle discovery of something that we don't have yet, you can't have a steep enough, you can't meet the decline that you have to achieve over those next years by 2050, you can't do it. So this decade, this next eight years decides whether or not we blow through 1.5 degrees or whether we in fact, country of our goal. And we can't do it folks if the new theology is gonna become, we gotta build out a massive gas infrastructure without regard to abatement and mitigation of that gas. The reason we are in the predicament we're in today is fossil fuel burning in a way that has polluted the atmosphere. And so much so that this blanket is heating up the planet at an unacceptable rate and we see it happening, you heard Elizabeth.  And if all of a sudden that were to implode, you're gonna have hundreds of millions of people looking for a place to live. If you think migration has been a challenge to the world over the course of the last 25, 30 years, where do you see what happens if we don't do what we know we have to do over the course of these next years? Now I've always talked very directly with my friend Xi Jinping. We always deal with these things very honestly and he knows that I am urging China just as I'm urging the United States. We must reduce emissions faster. We must deploy current level of technology on solar, on wind. And we have other technologies we're aware of with respect to hydro or geothermal or other things that we could do. So we can meet the goal of the 45% if we summon the political will to do it. And the entrepreneurial activities that are ongoing are genuinely exciting. I was in California recently looking at what was happening with Google X, what was happening with our laboratory and Fusion where by the way, they have made genuine new breakthroughs and there are new possibilities. And we're also looking at startups, young companies that are doing new things, new things in battery storage, in green hydrogen, in direct air carbon capture where they're now utilizing the carbon that they capture, making it into product. This is the future. And if we will commit to that wholeheartedly and not make the mistakes of the past by building out a 30 or 40 year infrastructure of fossil fuel that is not mitigated or abated to the levels near what we need, that would be a catastrophic mistake and a guarantee we blow through the 1.5 degrees and God knows what happens even with two degrees and beyond. This battle is being fought now for the next eight years to determine whether or not we can achieve net zero by 2050. And we need China to join with us. And I hope in these next months that Xi Jinping and I and it's not the two of us who are as important as Borger has made us. It's President Biden and President Xi. And it's their determination about what we will do that can make the decision as to whether or not China can accelerate its ability which it agreed to work with us to do. We've already crossed that bridge. China said it's prepared to work with us to try to accelerate the transition from coal. And China also has agreed they're gonna go after methane. Methane, my friends, is so critical. Now because of permafrost throwing in Siberia and the tundra in Alaska, you could light a match over bubbles coming up out of the water and the water will burn. Light on fire, that's methane. And the problem is methane is 20 to 80 times more damaging than CO2 and it's the easiest thing to begin to fix. It's low tech, it's plumbing. You fix pipes that leak, you fix connectors that leak. You plug the holes of wells that you used to use but you don't leave them open. You stop flaring, you stop venting. There's as much gas being flared and vented now as Europe gets from Russia in a year. So we can do this. And I hope Xi Jinping and I will be able to take what we've done in the last two cops to the level that we need to get to, to win the battle. Thank you, Secretary Kerry. So, Minister Shea, does Secretary Kerry make sense to you? There's only one answer to that. Or maybe be a little bit more precise in my question. Do you agree with him that we must reduce emissions faster? Last year, and Kerry and I actually were both special envoy and we actually have convened 14 meetings. So you can see that we met every eight or nine days. And during those meetings, we talked about how to work together and move forward. So just now I mentioned how to achieve the goals made in the Paris Agreement. And I think we should work together and take the low carbon and the circular economy approach. Just now, Mr. Kerry mentioned that energy max has to be adjusted in the transport. In recent years, in China, the way the proportion of coal in energy system has been dropped from 74 to 56. And so far, we actually have, we have developed the renewable energy and the installed capacity has already reached one billion kilowatts per hour. And for seven years, for seven consecutive years, our investment in sustainability actually has been over 100 billion yuan. So when we talk about the adjustment of energy mix and our focus is trying to build the system which is based on renewable energy and we are trying to move away from fossil fuels. And also we have announced that we will stop building coal-powered plants abroad. So in terms of industry sector, such as the cement and the steel, et cetera, we have made appropriate the guidance and the measures to set the standard so that each industry can achieve its low carbon development. In terms of transportation, China has developed our electric vehicle and actually we rank the top one in the world in terms of ownership of electric vehicles. And because electric vehicles and the new energy can help us to be energy-coefficient, so far our ability in terms of energy efficiency has been the more than half of the total in the world. What China is doing is pursuing circular economy. So the value reached three trillion yuan and also employed more than six billion people. And so you can see that active and concrete action has been taken in different industries so we cannot just walk the, we can just talk the talk. We also need to take the action, another element which is forest, which is also very important and we actually enjoy the increase of our forest stock volume and in terms of green coverage, China actually accounts for 25% of the world total. So currently we actually have a kind of initiative to plant the trees and we will like to accept this initiative and in the following decade and China plan to plant 700 million trees in order to make our contribution. So it doesn't matter how you say it, what matters is how you do it. And Kerry is my good friend. Before COP26, we made two joint statements. So what we will do now is to change those commitment and our joint statement into action and the cooperation between USA and America. So in the end, to conclude, the action is very important. Thank you very much. Thank you so much, Minister Shea. Those commitments made at Paris and COP26 has now become a Davos declaration. We make commitments into action and this is what it's all about when you also then work with the private sector and mobilize civil society, private sector and governments towards 1.5. Every consequential session has to come to an end. So I don't dare going back to the two gentlemen anymore because we will have to end on Swiss time. That is 2.30. So I will give the tree a permanent list, two minutes each. I will go to Geraldine first, then to Mark and I think the future needs to end such a panel because it is about Elizabeth's future and all the young people on our planet. So over to you Geraldine first, then to Mark and then to Elizabeth. The two, one and a half minutes each and then we can end on time. Thank you very much. And while there's absolutely no doubt, of course that the climate crisis and the climate battle has to do with energy. It also has a lot to do with nature and photosynthesis is a very strong power to sequester carbon. So maybe my last thought for us today is to really home in on the innovations that can leverage the power of nature to help us win this battle as well. And there's a lot of innovations out there that we can scale. I mean, regenerative agriculture, it doesn't need to be invented, it needs to be scaled. And this is something which is entirely in our hands with no major capital investments, simply a determination to move that in all geographies much, much faster. And here we're talking about cover crops, no tilling. There's all kinds of approaches reducing methane from livestock being one of them. And as DSM, a science-based company, this is where our passion goes. And Borger, you said very correctly, we are very passionate about this, which is how can we leverage the power of nature in order to address climate change and food security for the world going forward knowing that as we said today, we are seeing a highly deteriorating picture. So even more action needed on that front. Thank you to Geraldine Machette, the co-CEO of DSM. No, to another co-CEO. I think you became co-CEO since last time we met, Mark. Co-CEO of your company Salesforce. Well, thanks, this has been a great panel. I really appreciate the World Economic Forum bringing this critical subject to this stage and to business. And also I really appreciate John Kerry as well as Minister Shea coming from China. It's so important. This is a moment of action. Just like you said, we must create a net-zero world. This is the time where we have to accelerate and reduce our use of fossil fuels and reduce our deforestation. And just like the minister said, we must get to reforestation. And with China has 25% of the world's trees and we need to plant a trillion trees. So I'm gonna assign China for 250 billion trees, please. Thank you very much. And we must energize and inspire an eco-preneur revolution and we're talking about methane. Oh, we have a great company here at the WEF that called Planet Labs. They're launching small satellites and there's one going up called Carbon Mapper and it can read the methane that's on the planet. Today we don't have a way to see transparently where all the methane is and all the methane leaks, but we surely will. And these kinds of eco-preneurs who are creating all these kind of next generation technologies, they need all of our attention and our investment and our focus and I wanna thank you especially to the WEF for bringing so many of them here and inspiring us. And I hope we will continue to double and triple their presence and we do everything we can to make them as successful as possible. Well done. Thank you. Thank you, Mark. And thank you for your warm and not least inspirational words. Before going to you, Elizabeth, I also, there are many leaders in the climate world here in the audience but I also would like to acknowledge Vice President Al Gore's presence here on the first row. Thank you for your leadership, Al. And Elizabeth, you can sum up now. Thank you. What I did in here today is what is holding us back and how we can unlock everything. But I will tell you what is holding us back and from dealing with these interconnected nature, climate and food crisis is actually not lack of scientific knowledge or even lack of technology.  So we can absolutely find our way out of this planetary emergency but for us to do so we will need to change our way of thinking and we will need to begin telling new stories of what is important and actually what is possible. And to me that is the key to actually unlocking everything because right now the life sustaining relationship between nature and humanity is not being recognized, valued or even being protected. We are perpetuating an ecocidal economic system that is destroying nature and all of humanity. And this is a system that's destroying nature faster than nature can even regenerate herself. So we have to stop destroying our own life support system as humans but it doesn't have to be this way because we know that our future that has a stable climate, clean air to breathe, clean drinking water, food to eat, it's very possible. But again we need international cooperation and solidarity for us to achieve this. And what is needed now is actually courageous and urgent action from each and every person, each and every sector because we have to change course when we still can and we all know that time is running out. We have been saying that time and again but again we have to make sure that we are turning our words into action and we have to be born of compassion and respect for ourselves and all of life on earth. Thank you. Thank you so much to Elisabeth Wattuti. I'm positive that we'll hear more from you in the future and thank you for ending this panel in such a touching way. Thank you to a great panel. Thank you for your commitment and leadership. Thank you.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Asha and I am going to help you with the following question which says find a domain and the range of the real function f defined by fx is equal to mod x minus 1. So let us begin with the solution and the given function is equal to mod x minus 1 and we need to find of the function f. Now let the given function fx be equal to y. So this implies y is equal to mod of x minus 1. Now the set of values which x can take is called the domain of f and the set of values which y can take is called the range of the function and here since the given function fx is a real function therefore x can take all the real values that is all the values of r x can take and therefore the domain of the given function is equal to r and now since modulus of x minus 1 is greater than equal to 0 so all x belonging to the real numbers and this is by the definition of modulus function which is y if y is greater than or equal to 0 and minus y if y is less than 0. So this implies modulus of x minus 1 which is equal to y is greater than or equal to 0 for all x belonging to r and y belonging to r. So this implies that range of the given function f is the set of all non-negative real numbers. The domain of the function is equal to r. So this is the solution and this completes the session. Hope you enjoyed it. Take care and have a good day.