Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listeners. Thanks to all of you, including Scott Hepburn, Bjorn Andre and Jeff Wilkes Coming up on DTNS the US bands and video from selling chips to China. Well sort of is it bad to use AI to win a state fair competition and Hallelujah Twitter launch the edit button This is the Daily Tech News for Thursday, September 1st, 2022 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt On location. I'm Justin Robert Young and I'm the show's producer Roger Jay, you know Apple might do some weird stuff with that iPhone notch next week But guess what? We'll find out next week when they actually announced it until then Here's a few things that have actually happened that you should know The UK's Competition and Markets Authority or CMA has expressed concerns over Microsoft's acquisition of Activision Blizzard and We'll move to a phase two Investigation if Microsoft is not able to answer certain questions within five working days They get the weekend off the sixty eight point seven billion dollar deal is also being looked at by the US FTC and the European Commission As well as other regulators with Saudi Arabia the only country to approve the deal so far The CMA is quote concerned that Microsoft's anticipated purchase of Activision Blizzard could substantially lessen competition in gaming consoles multi-game subscription services and cloud gaming services in other words all the game things a Report from the Wall Street Journal says the Disney's in the early stages of planning for a membership program similar to Amazon Prime Unnamed sources told the Wall Street Journal the membership would include quote Discounts or special perks to encourage customers to spend more on its streaming services theme parks resorts and merchandise The program all would also continue a trend of customers of one Disney product getting discounts on other Disney products Like the existing perk of Disney World stays being 25% offer Disney Plus subscribers The company is talking about working with third parties for the program like being able to offer discounted Disney Broadway show tickets Disney has not yet commented on the rumored program I mean in the next two years if I'm not able to click on the screen To buy a toy of the thing I'm looking at I'll be shocked Arm is suing Qualcomm over Nuvia's custom CPU code in a US federal district court in Delaware Arm accuses Qualcomm of breach of licenses and to fulfill obligations under those license agreements is seeking The destruction of its Nuvia CPU designs as well as compensation Arm says Qualcomm's improper acquisition of relevant Nuvia technology and violation of arm standard provisions threatens to harm arms position in the Ecosystem of arm-based devices and embolden other companies to likewise harm arms reasonable business expectations in issuing its licenses This is a weird fight though because Qualcomm and arm they they're usually hand-in-hand Qualcomm's general counsel responded arms complaint ignores the fact that Qualcomm has broad well-established license rights covering its custom designed CPUs and we are confident those rights will be affirmed. We'll keep you up to date if any of this really affects any of us Ecommerce company Jumia is partnering with a longtime drone delivery company zip line to launch on-demand deliveries in Ghana The plans to expand to Nigeria and Cote d'Ivoire This will particularly benefit rural areas which make up about 27% of Jumia's orders Zip lines drones will carry a maximum payload of three kilograms out of 11.8 leaders So we're talking about a limited selection of products and not full grocery orders Zip line has operated since 2015 starting with medical deliveries in Rwanda and counts novant health and walmart as clients at EFA 2022 Lenovo announced its new line of products the x1 fold is a tablet that folds into a laptop configuration And now comes in a bigger version. It's got a 16 inch screen And from all the reviews that 16 inch screen makes all the difference They also improved the hinge put webcams on two sides It's shipping in november for $2,499 looks like a solid entry Lenovo glasses t1 were showed off they put two micro OLED screens in a pair of prescription glasses Like all these things they look like a pair of sunglasses They connect by a wire though usb-c to any windows android or mac os device And you can use them on an iphone with an adapter no pricing on that yet and it's going to ship to china first next year Lenovo also updated its think vision monitors its tab p11 android tablets and added a 16 inch version of the idea pad flex 5i chrome book That one will run you 549 euros But you didn't come here for any of that you came here to celebrate, right? Justin Friends the time has come haters will say it's photoshop. You don't have to like it But you will learn to love it indeed twitter Has an edit button Oh, yeah, I know I know We've all waited a long time for this and we can now rest our keyboards and revel in our victory How do you spell revel? Doesn't matter. I can edit this later when I post about it on twitter Well, almost twitter is doing internal testing So you may see some edited tweets from those folks, but later in september Subscribers to twitter's four dollars and ninety nine cents a month blue subscription Will indeed get the button All right, so here's how it's working now in the test Uh for 30 minutes after you post, uh, you can edit your tweet. You have 30 minutes to edit it Twitter says a few times in its official blog post It didn't put an exact number on it at least not yet If a tweet has been edited Uh, the rest of us will all see a little pencil icon with the phrase last edited and a time and date To let you know it was edited uh this time on this date if you click on any of that You will be taken to an edit history So you can actually see what was changed the original thing. Was it just a typo? Did they change the meaning etc? Uh twitter talked a lot in their post about wanting to test the effects of this feature before rolling it out to more people To see if it's you know, going to be misused some way they didn't anticipate So it might end up working a little differently when it's actually rolled out to subscribers and We don't know if it's going to roll out to non subscribers twitter wrote As part of their subscription They meaning the subscribers receive early access to features and help us test them before they come to twitter That kind of implies that this might eventually just come to the rest of the twitter But they didn't say it for sure Uh, the test will be localized to a single country at first and expand as they learn and observe how people use Edit tweet a lot of hand-writing in this post just in about worrying that people are going to misuse this thing But it's there. It's finally launching I hope the one country that gets it before anyone is cote d'voix I believe that this is something that obviously has been on the the the minds of Fans of twitter active users of twitter for a very very very long time There has to be a reason why it hasn't happened up till this point And I think the hand-wringing that you're describing is that Reason people were afraid twitter has long been been not made it a secret that they were afraid of an edit button being used to change a A thing that is getting traction While it is getting traction and something beyond possibly more insidious than just deleting the tweet Yeah, I I I think it is fair for twitter to say hey, you know what a mistake we get Nailed about in and other companies get nailed about is Not preparing well enough for misuse and then having to scramble later So we're trying to get ahead of that. I think that's smart On the other hand edit features aren't new they've been around since the 90s in forums The ston of the internet. Yeah, this is it like they invented the edit and they're the first one to ever do this Freakin facebook a a minefield for misuse has had an edit function for years, right? So why now that that's really the only thing that I care about because this seemed like this has long seemed like a slam dunk feature for them But the question for me is if not then then why now and I can't help but think about the fact that The current regime of twitter by their own actions Doesn't want to be the current regime much longer. They want to force a a sale to elan muska They're going to court to try to enforce that Uh, I wonder if there is an element of people that are in charge now that are like you want to know what we We want this to be on our permanent record. We want people to know that we gave twitter the edit button. All right So coincidence is not proof of core of causation So what are the arguments against that? Uh, I could think of a couple One is this has been a long time in the making they you don't just roll this out since elan musk Decided to buy the company. They've been they've been working on it for a while So it probably predates the motivation to to rub it in elan's eye Uh and product managers often Want to roll out on a schedule no matter what else is going on And and this very much feels like a product manager delivered thing where they're like rolling enough for internal testing And the messaging is being tacked on afterwards to me So I would argue that there's also if you read in the tea leaves some evidence that this has just been around for a while They've wanted to do it They wanted to do it right and dorsi leaving if anything Kind of times out to be the thing that allowed them to go ahead with it because he was the one always saying never You'll never get an edit button not for me not until you pry this company from my oh, I'm gonna leave Yeah, well and and I guess that's the question is exactly how much of this is Yeah, it's been in the oven I would suspect that there have been versions of twitter of an edit button on twitter Who have that have been around for as long as twitter has yeah, but they've actually even admitted that yeah, yeah Yeah, that this is something that they were probably working on along with core functionality to the website Uh, and maybe it is jack's leadership Maybe it's other capital v capital g very good reasons why this has not happened, but It did happen now Not any other time Is that it happened now? Yeah Is that it? Yeah, and so and and by the way, I don't necessarily think that this is tied directly to Elan although elan has also said he was going to be the person who brought an edit button to twitter Uh I do think it probably in my mind It feels like something for which was a priority for people that are in there Whether or not it was something that became a priority one jack left or is more of a priority now That's that's you know You know, I'm sure you'd have to get a little closer to figure out the true motivation You can have something in the works for a long time and there's a whole different Set of hurdles you have to go over when you make it real right when you go from like Oh, we've had this in the works too. I need to publish it So to say like well, they've had it in the works for a long time They could just push a button and make it live That's really not how it works on the other hand If your entire executive team is distracted by other priorities That sure is a lot easier to get something you want done done, right? So yeah quick quick the mods are asleep. Although according to uh, uh, According to some some other information, uh, you know, the admin access was plentiful. So, you know So anybody can do it anytime It just just sneaked it in Uh, by the way, since twitter seems to be rolling out features to its paid users facebook It looks like it may want to get in on that action The verge got a hold of a memo that says facebook is setting up a product organization to build paid features into facebook instagram and whatsapp It's called the monetization experiences group and i can't wait to see them play the forum It'll be led by metas previous head of research Pratidhi ratudari and before you get too excited Metas vp of monetization john hageman said the company has no plans to let a paid feature disable ads in apps I think that might go the other way you're going to get double the ads if you pay you get more ads That's facebook logic at work Uh, as we enter september, we're heading back to school and wrapping up state fairs Now many of you may not be aware that there's a grand tradition of state fair competitions and giving out prizes Sure, people compete on things like cookies flowers butter sculptures and hogs But there are more recently created competitions as well Jason allen entered a work in the digital arts digitally manipulated photography category at the colorado state fair He called his piece theater opera special and it won First prize a blue ribbon for the old boy, but wait There's more to it than that. Yeah, allen goes by sin karnit Like incarnate but with a sin On the discord for mid-journey mid-journey is not Like middle earth so much as like dolly. It's one of the many text to image generators out there It's particularly good at mimicking art styles. You put in some text It spits out images based on your text that are very arty Uh allen says he crafted a special prompt as you do and then created hundreds of images from it He then upscaled them with gigapixel ai and printed three of them on a canvas And entered them into the fair and one of them won. He got a blue ribbon and then People got real angry with them. Justin. Why was that? Oh, like so many john henry's in parades being mad in an artistic inky poo Some people think that he deceived the judges in his description of the art He says he created it using mid-journey Although admittedly he did not explain what mid-journey was to those who weren't hip allen says he told people at the show that it was quote digital art created using ai tools and quote And if people don't need to explain adobe illustrator, why should he have to explain mid-journey? But what do the rules say? Well, they say that an entrance should be and quote artistic practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative Or presentation process end quote and allen says that his own photoshop editing constituted about 10 of the work Okay, so maybe it technically is within the rules But folks still argue that if the judges had known this was generated by an ai allen wouldn't have won But none of those people or anyone else's filed a grievance with the fair about the win uh tom What what is the chain of custody here for legal battles when it comes to to the fairs? There are fair supreme court Yeah, and and two.  I uh, I am not as steeped in the uh in the appeals process of the colorado state fair as perhaps I should be But but from what I have come to understand Anybody can file a grievance over an award, you know if if that that horrible thief patty stole your Chocolate crinkles recipe and want a blue ribbon you can file a grievance and and the fair board will consider it and look it over And nobody's done that so nobody's taken away his blue ribbon They're just mad at him on the internet which reduces my taking you seriously quite a bit, right? It's like you just want to complain. This isn't hurting anybody and in fact What alan said he's doing here is trying to raise awareness of what ai can do and how it Lates with art and get a conversation started about using ai for art and what its role is in this I would sweep away a lot of the objections of this pretty immediately by pointing out He didn't just say ai make me a prize winning art Uh, he he crafted a piece of text which anybody who's tried these things knows You have that's a skill to create the text that is going to create the trickier than trickier than you might think If it's trickier than you might think for sure There's a skill to figuring out how to get it to kick out what you want Then he went in and did some work himself granted. He says it's only about 10 but he did some touching up He used photoshop, so he put his touch on this the question is Should he have disclosed that he didn't do 90 of the work? And would that may have made a difference to the judges? I I feel like you know what if the colorado state fair Wants to change the rules next time now that this is a thing then they should but as it stands now He played by the rules. He deserves his blue ribbon With all due respect to the colorado state fair and state fairs in general This does not particularly seem like it was the highest traffic Contest I don't I don't I don't know And I've been to plenty of state fairs the texas state fair the new york state fair Which are very competitive, especially when it comes to livestock and and the fun things like butter sculptures and stuff like that I don't know exactly how much traffic What is effectively a state-sponsored version of photoshop friday would have necessarily gotten while people are stuffing their faces with deep fried twinkies that being said He was up front and it just so happens that there are ai tools that that might be more uh Powerful than some would would want and if the judges next year want to make this more of a photoshop specific competition Then they should make rules to guard against it. He didn't lie about it. He didn't say he did everything He explained the the the program that he used Was he uh going to the edge of the law Maybe you can make that argument, but He won use technology anyone. God bless him He followed the community standards, which is you just say what the the thing is and and he says I didn't hide it I told people when they asked it was ai Uh, I I think there is a valid argument that someone going into illustrator and and working on all of a thing Is a different skill Than using the ai to generate an image selecting the image you think is going to win and then touching it up They're both skills. They are different skills. And so yeah, maybe they should have a separate category in the future For this I I think that's worth it But I also don't think this is the same thing as saying he cheated by getting the computer to make it I don't think it's I don't think it's that simple I mean any more than somebody would say that exact same argument about illustrator 15 years ago Yeah, right exactly or or somebody would say, you know, accuse someone of having their mom Bake the chocolate crinkles and giving them a red ribbon instead of a blue ribbon at the 4h county fair Sometime in the past.  Um, no, it's just it's just a theoretical theoretical example a theoretical one. Hey folks Do you think this was outrageous? Do you think ai should be banned from state fairs? Or do you have like a take on this that we we could read on the show One way to let us know is in our subreddit. This story is there as are many others You can submit stories and vote on them at daily tech news show dot reddit.com The u.s commerce department put in place new rules on august 26th That require a license if you want to export high-end machine learning chips that meet or exceed a certain performance threshold So it's not a list of chips. It says if they perform it this rate or better You got to get a license or you can't sell them to russia Hong Kong or china the rules are meant to address the risk that such chips might have a military end use or a military end user in china or russia Now the us has not made the details of the restrictions public But invidia mentioned them when it filed an update in its earnings projection with the us sec The licensing requirements apply to invidia's two-year-old a 100s and forthcoming h100 gpus and amd's mi 250 accelerator chips these chips are used in data centers to train machine learning algorithms For example the verge notes that meta uses a few thousand a 100 chips in its ai researcher super cluster in its filing Nvidia says that it thinks about 400 million dollars of its expected 5.9 billion dollars in sales in q3 Quote may be subject to the new license requirement Now that doesn't mean they'll lose all of it. That means they'll have to convince people to take alternative chips Or get a license uh invidia said it may seek a license to sell the chips in some cases and in fact on thursday It received authorization to export a 100s through march 1st in order to provide support to us customers That are operating in china it also got approvals to make sure its development of the h100 is not affected There was some concern that some of the rnd invidia does in china might stop them from developing it They've gotten that cleared up Uh as far as russia goes invidia wasn't selling chips in russia neither was amd So it's mostly about china here So the wall street journal notes that alibaba which operates china's largest cloud service in tencent Which also sells cloud services and is one of china's largest video and social media companies Both are big customers of invidia and have bought a 100s in the past It's unclear how much of the business involves the two restricted invidia chips Chinese companies may change suppliers to companies located in europe and is Real so on the one hand, but we throw baidu in there too. They buy a lot of these things as well On the one hand, I I think a lot of people overreacted to this headline thinking. Oh, invidia has been banned from selling gpu's to china That's really going to hurt the bottom line. And if that were true, uh, it really would hurt their bottom line They can still sell lots of gpu's to china Yes, they are only restricted from selling two Types that are used for data centers now On the other hand Gpu sales for consumers are cooling off Hence the ability for you to actually go buy a gpu At retail lists sometimes even cheaper as we've talked about on the show. So It is data centers where invidia is getting its rosiest economic forecasts At least for the time being so hitting them in the data center Part of their revenue in china, which is a huge place for data centers Is is is not great, but it's 400 million of 5.6 billion and not all 400 million I think invidia will be fine. They're not going to like this They took a little bit of a stock hit which I think is reasonable and uh, and they'll operate what I think is More interesting is This cross administration approach by the united states that's not associated with any one president Uh of slowly eating away at china's ability to play in tech Uh, there's been a lot of of rhetoric around ai in particular, which is what this one is focused at But they're also talking about restricting finfet construction materials so that they can't make some of the more advanced chips in china And you're seeing a lot of companies We've talked about it here on the show moving their operations to vietnam moving their operations to india even brazil mexico the united states and other places Uh, so it is it is a consistent drumbeat of pressure to reduce reliance on china as a place that makes tech And I think the fact that we went through the supply chain stuff that we saw Over the last few years is part of it. There certainly has been a bipartisan move To distance, uh, the united states away from china at the very least you could say without a shadow of a doubt that the world of endless chinese expansion and optimism in terms of the united states is over Uh, whether or not we get back whether or not there's a deal to be struck whether or not, uh, uh, china will on some level be less of a A possible military conflict in the future I'm not rosy on that But you never know in the meantime I think you're going to see more little things like this because the united states in china have been unable to come to A trade agreement where a lot of this stuff would otherwise be part of a large bargain Right like this. This is a piecemeal part of what in other situations if you're talking about the eu If you're talking about, uh, the united kingdom or or certain countries in south america or india It would be part of a larger trade deal. This isn't and it's largely because China has not been able to play well with the united states This sir, I I I don't think it would be reasonable to separate this from the larger world Conflict between china and the united states about so many different things It is certainly part of that but it is also and I may be even majority focused on supply chain diversity On the idea of bringing production under u.s. Control Or second to that at least diversifying the supply chain So that if vietnam is the next one or india is the next one that cracks down on stuff You're not losing or you're not seeing your supply chain threatened by one particular regime And I I think we'll see more of that over the next couple one last one last thought on this I do think that it is realistic to say that if the united states puts these Roadblocks in china's way, especially for gigantic companies like those are in china that If they have if you feel a little pain if you don't like that rock in your shoe You can always come and start talking to us about what we would like in return if you would like more of these data center chips Yeah That leads to a wider conversation of what the us is going to ask for has nothing to do with tech and china does not want to Give it to them. Will they You never know. Yeah, yeah Well, let's talk space then absolutely Back in may nasa announced that voyager one space probe was Sending jumbled or an accurate telemetry back to earth Even though the probe itself didn't seem to be failing now NASA says that the voyager team has solved the issue Here's what happened the probes attitude articulation and control system aac s was sending back information using an onboard computer That hadn't worked for years corrupting the data at the source Voyager project manager manager susanne dodd explains that the team commanded the aac s to send its data through the probes Working computer again and bypass known faulty issues on the spacecraft Voyager one has been operational for almost 45 years and nasa thinks it should be able to run at least one more science instrument until 2025 Before it drifts out of our solar system and down that cosmic dusty trail top to become veager someday Yeah, I I looked at this and I was like well, that's weird I wonder how it started routing through the old computer system that they had stopped it from routing through I wonder what caused that and then I remembered well because it's So hundreds of light years That'd be not hundreds, but it's because it's so darn far away.  I'm working again. Here we go. Uh, yeah, that's it's truly amazing. Some of it is the simplicity of the system. You're right I'm sure that there are many 45 year olds Listening to this right now wishing that their hardware was the stout as voyagers Yeah, for sure. Uh, all right, let's check out the mailbag. I thought I uh, uh, Mike thought I should say Mike in far too hot Dubai man. I feel you Mike Mike thought I would write in with a quick review for a gadget. I didn't expect to love so much. I love this Mike Thank you for writing in with a little review. Let's see what Mike is living with Uh, I have been an e-ink Kindle user for eight or nine years now There was nothing wrong with my old Kindle But I've been tempted by an upgrade for some time as part of my quest to have everything be usbc Uh, amazon had a sale that packaged the Kindle paper white signature edition a case And wireless charger for $189. So I figured I'd sell my old one and upgrade my god The updated e-ink interface is noticeably better It still has a slight lag over a tablet, but it's close to instant The ambient light sensor is great along with the ability to control the warmth of the back lights since 90% of my reading Is at night anyhow and on top of all of this it's water resistant So I'll feel a little more confident taking it to the pool or the beach I feel a little guilty splurging on this, but now that I have it totally worth it. Thank you, Mike Uh, did paper white you have a paper white don't you? I do I do, uh, I wish I used it more, but uh, uh, I've it's certainly not the fault of the device It is the fault of my own attention deficit Well, uh, if you've got little ones like that and that was the perfect length, uh, Mike is a standard setter For that we'd we'd love to hear Your thoughts on the stuff you've been getting feedback at daily tech news show dot com Thank you. Justin robert young for being with us. Uh, tell the fine folks what they can hear from you elsewhere these days Well, of course, we are less than 10 weeks away from the midterm elections and that means we are up to our Elbows in polls. Yep. This is when the polls are out.  Yeah, the place where you're finding the only Independent daily technology news show is the place you can find the only independent traveling political reporter. My friends. Yep Go do it now And the fact that we're able to be independent and continue to do this for for almost 10 years now is because of our bosses Uh, and we've got brand new ones. So all the bosses gather round everybody. Uh, welcome in alan michael and reginald Well done. Alan michael and reginald are brand new bosses Just started backing us on patreon and we're very happy to have them If you'd like to feel that warmth that alan michael and reginald are well, just sign on up patreon.com slash d t n s In fact patrons, stick around. We've got the extended show coming good day. Internet starts momentarily You can also catch the show live monday through friday 4 p.m. Eastern 200 utc find out more about that at daily tech news show dot com slash live back tomorrow with lamar wilson and len peralta Talk to you there This show is part of the frog pants network get more at frogpants.com Time and club hopes you have enjoyed this program


Today, on the breakfast, state houses of assembly rejects a bill seeking to grant financial and administrative autonomy to local government. What then happens to development at the grassroot in 2023? Also on the breakfast, the central bank of Nigeria, CBN, increased the interest rate to 17.5 per cent from 16.5 per cent to tame rising inflation. What is the implication for the Nigerian economy? Like always, we'll be looking through today's newspapers and analyzing the biggest stories of the day. That's a beautiful morning and thank you so much for joining us on the shore. It's called the Breakfast. I am Messier Bopo. As always, it's not a top trending conversation, we're sort of with a top trending conversation. These are conversations that Nigerians are having on different fora, social media spaces and what-have-you. Now, first on the list is that Godwin and Mephile of the central bank of Nigeria believes that the Nair redesign may have reduced kidnapping and don't forget that this has also not been very well. We're still grappling with the entire process, bringing a new Naira note for several reasons and what-have-you. But that's what it is. A lot of people believe that that's the case because it feels like it's once upon a time we've heard about the issue of kidnapping and what-have-you. That's been the case for it. We still have to grapple with the issue of non-availability of the new Naira note and the fact that there's a debt, it dates line. There's a day which has been set aside, we're talking about January 31st for the submission or that would be the last day that the legal tender, the former legal tender would be very valid as a means of transaction. These are some of the conversations that Nigerians are having. Away from that, there's also another story that it's making the rounds.   So it was stated that, you know, a young lady wanted to go to club and then she wanted what can she do because she had a baby and then she needed to go to the club. Probably there was no one to take care of the baby. The baby eventually died so she gave the baby Tramadol. I don't know, it wasn't stated how many tablets of Tramadol was given to this baby but it was stated that the baby was given Tramadol. And then she locked the baby according to the story in the room and then she took off. Now taking off to the club and returning, the baby had died. I mean, look at that, very beautiful baby, very beautiful baby. But it's a lot to grapple with. I saw comments, the one that actually stood out for me was a lady who talked about the fact that she's been looking for a child and she's struggled with that for almost how many years now. She's had four miscarriages and, you know, looking at the story is so hard-breaking. So you begin to ask yourself, is life not so unfair? It reminds me of the rhymes we used to say way back then in school. I mean, if you school in Nigeria and went to all of the nursery and primary schools in Nigeria, you probably would have been taught about some have food but cannot eat and we have food. We can't eat glory be to God and all of that. It's just almost that particular case, but it's very saddening. And then I think that, you know, we have laws protecting children. We need to activate all of that, even though we know that a lot of states in Nigeria have not domesticated that law, protecting the rights of children because you are a child up until you turn 18. And then that's what the Constitution recognized. And this is totally, you know, a violation of that child's right. And what a view that's led to, you know, the loss of life. And so I think it's important that we pay attention to the issue of the Child Rights Act and look at that for states that have not implemented it. It's important. But we'll also say, yes, if you have a law, what is the effect? The law should take its place. There should be all of that. But coming back to, I mean, there are different angles to this conversation, whether or not some people should be, you know, mothers, there's another question. And then we live in a society where everything is happening right now. And that's what it says. Should government not be considering the issue of, you know, population control, childbirth, countries like China, Japan had considered it. We can continue to act like this and expect a different result. But it's really, really heartbreaking and this happening that that actually happened. The stories will continue to unfold. And we're right here to bring you up to date what's going on. But I just asking the justice be meted, of course. But at this point in time, we're hoping that that mother in question should have been arrested and, you know, the law would take its course. Now to the next on our top trending is that a lady was caught stealing from a store in Lagos. And according to the particular report, it was stated that she stole 200,000 error and when she was caught and captured in video, she said that she was hungry and she pleaded that I'm hungry. And that's why I stole 200,000. And it wasn't a different reaction. We have constantly talked about the issue of when people say, oh, yes, we did a certain thing because of that. So there's always an excuse. And the comments, if you look at if you follow the conversation of these young ladies, that some people are asking, hey, if you're really hungry, 200,000 is a lot.  But but should that be justification? Because it feels like we have overtime, excuse, bad behavior for, you know, suffering. So if you engage in a certain behavior, then we get an excuse. Oh, he's poor. He doesn't have money. You know, he's hungry. And what have you, but that's not it. That's not really it because you are depriving another person. I mean, the person you stole 200,000 air from, you don't even understand the situation or condition that he or she is in. And that's a star. Really unfortunate. But that's it this morning on a top training. We take a break. When we return, we'll be looking through the papers this morning. Please stay with us.


Passive income is the ability to make money pretty much while you sleep. Sounds like a dream, right? Well, there's a few different ways that you can actually achieve this. But first, let's figure out exactly what is passive income. Now passive income is defined differently by different types of people. For the most part, a general consensus is whatever business that you decide to make into a passive income source, that business is going to be self-sustaining and self-running. So pretty much you're going to be making money while you sleep without having to do anything. Now, some people think that you're going to set up your business and let it do its thing, and it's just going to keep bringing you money. While other people say that you're going to set up your business and every once in a while, you're going to check back into it to just make any necessary adjustments and make any necessary updates and just make sure that everything is running smoothly and as it should. And for the most part, that your business is still running. A lot of people think that passive income means no work required. Now, that is 100% not true. You always need to put in some sort of work, especially at the beginning. Most of the hard work when it comes to setting up a passive income source is going to be done at the beginning. Anything you do afterwards is going to be something passive, something that you actually get into and jump out really quick. You know, maybe just signing on to your website and making sure everything is running smoothly and then just checking back every week or every month or so. Passive income does not mean no work required. Now, with that being said in this video, I'm going to give you five different sources for passive income that you can set up today to start making some money while you sleep. Now, to make things a bit easy for you, so that way you can choose which one is right for you. I'm actually going to have a scoring system. So we're going to have two different types of scores. We're going to have an ease to start score and a profitability score. So these scores are going to be based from one to five, one being the hardest or the least profitable and five being the easiest or the most profitable. So without further ado, let's go ahead and run that intro and let's get started. What's going on, everyone? Mario here with AutoDS. And in today's video, like I said, I'm going to give you five different sources for passive income that you can set up to start making money while you sleep. If this is the type of content that you enjoy, if you like making money, if you like learning different ways to make money, then make sure you hit that subscribe button because on this channel, we primarily cover dropshipping, but we also give you different options for you to be able to start making more money in a few different ways. On top of that, we give you some of the best tips and tricks to be able to help you get started. So if that's something that interests you, make sure to hit that subscribe button and ring that little bell notification so you don't miss out on any future videos. All right, so let's go ahead and get down to it and let's start covering the five different sources for passive income that you can set up today. To kick off this list, the first option we have is Merch by Amazon. Now, Merch by Amazon is pretty much print on demand, but through Amazon. Now, as we all know, print on demand is a highly profitable business that lets you be creative with all of your different products so you can print on different things such as t-shirts, hoodies, blankets, cups and more. Now, Merch by Amazon works a similar way, except instead of you just signing up, you actually have to be approved by Amazon first because Amazon doesn't want just anybody selling on there. Now, if you are interested in applying for Merch by Amazon or checking out any of the other income sources that I'm going to be talking about in this video, then you can go ahead and check out our cheat sheet on there. I'm going to have all of the different links to this and all of the information I'm going to be talking about. So that way it's easy for you to just quickly glance over and click on some quick links. Now, if you want access to that, all you have to do is go ahead and comment down below, hashtag passive income. And let me know which one of these different methods is your favorite. Once I see that you went ahead and commented, I'll reply back with a link to the cheat sheet. All right, now back to Merch by Amazon. So once you do apply, if you get rejected, which I actually have been rejected quite a few times, then you can simply just wait a specific time period. I think it's about a month and then you can reapply. Now, one thing about Merch by Amazon is it's a bit time consuming. Since you are going to be doing print on demand, you have to come up with different designs. And on top of those different designs, you have to come up with different mockups to be able to upload. So creating that alone does start to take some time. And ultimately, depending on how many you have, can actually take quite a few hours. So that's why for the East to Start score, I'm going to be giving this one a three out of five. It is pretty easy to start, but really, if you get denied, then you have to reapply. And again, making mockups and coming up with designs can take a bit. If you're not really interested in doing that kind of stuff, then it could be a drag. And ultimately, you're going to end up not doing it. So that's why I'm giving Merch by Amazon a three out of five on the East to Start score. Now, what about the profitability? Well, it's print on demand and it's through Amazon. So you are going to have to pay different fees. And there is going to be a lot of competition, which means you're going to have to price your items fairly competitively that and you're also going to need a bunch of designs to offer. If you have five or six different designs, chances are you might not sell too many. But once you start including maybe 20, 30 or 40 different designs, then you're going to have a higher chance of actually starting to make some sales. Now, because of that, once again, for the profitability score, I'm going to be giving it also a three out of five, because honestly, you can make some good money on there, but it is going to take some time. And if you sell a small amount of products, then you're not going to be making too much. All right, up next at number two, we have one that can potentially make you a lot of money, but it's also going to take a lot of money to get started. And what we're talking about in this is investing in dividend stocks. Now, I'm not talking about just investing in any regular stock that you're going to purchase and sell either that same day, like day trading or sell it in a couple of weeks, like swing trading. I'm talking about stocks that you're going to invest in and these stocks because you're investing in them are going to be sending you dividends, which means they're going to be sending you monthly checks that you're going to be able to ultimately cash out. Now, when it comes to dividend stocks, in order to get a high return in your dividends, you are going to have to have a pretty high startup capital. I'm not talking about a couple hundred. I'm not talking about a couple thousand, talking maybe about a couple of tens of thousands of dollars. Now, I know that does seem like a lot of money, but ultimately, if you do have the kind of money to be able to invest, then you can get some pretty high returns. So you can start getting some pretty high checks each month. Now, the thing with investing in dividend stocks or just investing in general is that it can be pretty risky, especially if you don't know what you're doing. So you are going to have to do a lot of research into all of the different stocks that you want to invest in. Don't just pick any random one that you think looks good. Make sure that you have a stock that's proven. Do a lot of research, look into the company and really think about it before you invest a large amount of money. Because remember, even though you put in, let's say, ten thousand dollars, there's no guarantee that this stock is actually going to keep going and not crash. Of course, established companies such as Apple, Microsoft are going to keep going, but you never know. There's always a chance that they can go up and down. Maybe you might lose some money. Investing is pretty risky and it's not for the faint of heart. So if you're willing to take the risk, then you can potentially make some pretty good money. But for the rest of us, that's not my thing. So that's why as far as the East to start score, I'm going to give it a two out of five, because for one, you need a high startup capital. And two, you need to do a lot of research. And three, there's a lot of risk. But again, you also have a pretty high reward potential. Now, what about the profitability score? Honestly, that's going to vary. I can't give you a one or a five because it can be both. It can be a one if you invest in the wrong stocks so you can lose all of your money or it can be a five because you can invest in the right stocks or you could potentially just get lucky. And the stock that you choose could just rock it to the moon. Honestly, the stock market has been extremely unpredictable for the past few years. So this is something that you really have to look into. And really assess if you're willing to take that risk or not. All right, number three in our third spot for passive income sources. We have drop shipping. Now, the cool thing about drop shipping is that you have a very low entry barrier. So pretty much anybody can get started in this. You can start either for free or you can start with less than 100 bucks. Drop shipping also has a really high profit potential. So you can find a best selling product. You can advertise it the right way. And if it takes off, you can start making some pretty good money. Now, the best thing is, is that you can actually make this into a passive income source by using automation. Using a software like AutoDS can really make drop shipping a true passive income source from importing your products to fulfilling customer orders and updating your customers with the tracking information. AutoDS can automate the entire thing so you can really be hands off. Now, once again, as I stated at the beginning of the video, you're not going to be fully hands off every once in a while. It is going to be good for you to come back to your store and look for some more winning products. Add some more products to your store because every once in a while, some products will be out of date and they'll stop trending. Now, as far as the East to start score, I'm going to be giving it a five out of five because honestly, it truly is an extremely easy to start business. And on top of that, it's easy to maintain. It's easy to continue with it and it's easy to scale. The only thing is, is the fact that you really do need to put in some work, especially at the beginning and especially if you want to make it a true source of passive income. Now, what about the profitability score? Now, as far as a profitability score, I'm going to give it a five out of five because really, it's just all profit at that point, especially if instead of going with your own website, you go with a marketplace where you don't have to pay any upfront fees. So instead of going with Shopify, where you have to pay a monthly plan, if you decide to start dropshipping on eBay, then you don't have to pay anything until your item actually sells. So really, there is no risk involved and anything you're going to be making after the initial cost of your product is going to be pure profit. Now, as a pro tip to help you get started, these are a few ways that you can find some best selling products. So for one, you can check out our channel at AutoDS and go to the sell these now playlist on here. We have tons of different videos with some of the best products to drop ship. These range from monthly product videos to niche based videos. So you can find some videos that are going to talk about some of the best fitness products to drop ship, as well as some of the best automotive products to drop ship. So if you're stuck on what products to sell, check out our sell these now playlist because you can find some gold mines on there. Second off, we also have the AutoDS Marketplace, as well as the winning products hub. So after logging on to our AutoDS account, I'm going to simply click on the winning products hub. And on here, you can find tons of different items that are currently trending and have been proven to sell in the past. Not only that, but let's say if you click into one of them, like these shoes right here, you're going to get some extra insights. So you can get a profit analysis so you can see how much you can potentially make. You have a Facebook ad that's currently advertising this particular product and you have a target audience section that helps you target a particular audience on Facebook ads. Then on top of that, you also have the website link. So if you click this thing right here, you can actually see a website that's currently selling this item. Another option that you have are seller recommendations. So let's say you're looking at a particular product on, let's say AliExpress. Let's say we're looking at this infant toddler head back protector. If you scroll all the way down a little bit more, then you're going to see recommended from Happy Babycare Store. So these products are being recommended by the seller. Now these are being recommended because of the fact that they have either sold in the past, a few of them have sold now, or people that are currently viewing the particular item that you were looking at have clicked on some of these different products and made a purchase. So for the most part, people that look at this item or make a purchase from this item have been looking at these different items and potentially bundling that item with one of these. Next up on our fourth spot, we have selling digital products. Now this is probably one of the easier things that you can start doing. You can sell digital products on just about any platform. But the most popular platforms that I've seen digital products being sold on are going to be Shopify and Etsy. Now selling digital products is extremely low risk. You really have absolutely nothing to lose. And making digital products can be easy if that's something that you're into. So if you like graphic design, if you know how to make templates, if you know how to make things of that nature in a digital platform, then you can definitely start selling digital products. A few examples of digital products that you can sell can be images that people download to either print or color in themselves. You can also sell digital templates. So you can do something like a wedding book template where the customer fills in all the information, such as the bride and groom's name, the date and all that important stuff. You can sell different types of images to print.  Any one of these digital products that I just mentioned are actually huge hot sellers on Etsy. So as far as the East to start score on this, I'm going to give it a five out of five because once again, it's really easy to get started. It's easy to actually make the different types of designs, especially if that's something that you're into. And honestly, it's extremely low risk. You really don't have much to lose. Now, as far as a profitability score, there I am going to give it a two out of five because selling a few of these different products isn't the most profitable while you do make a few extra bucks. So unless you have some really trending items such as an image that's maybe sold for 500 different times, then the profitability on this is going to be fairly low. For the most part, when it comes to these digital items, you are going to be selling them anywhere between two to ten dollars for the most part. And if you take those profits and you subtract the fees from, let's say, Etsy, then you can really start to see that selling five or six different ones isn't going to make you a lot of money. But again, if you have one that sells a bunch or you have a bunch that sell a few times, then you can start making a couple of bucks on it. That's why for the profitability score, I am going to be giving it once again a two out of five. Now, last but not least is one that is actually my favorite. That's something that I've been thinking about doing. It's something that I've put in a lot of thought into. But at the same time, it's also something that can take a bit to get started. And I'm talking about creating a digital tool. Now, what do I mean by creating a digital tool? I mean, either create a website or create an app that can solve a particular problem. One example of this is AutoDS. AutoDS solves the problem of having to do everything manually for your dropshipping store. So it solves it by automating the entire process. It'll solve the problem of you having to import all of your products manually, you know, because if you're doing everything manually, you're going to copy over all of the images. You're going to copy over the title. You're going to rewrite the description. You have to add all the different variants. It takes all of that manual work and it automates it. So you really don't have to do anything, except tell the software to do this. That in itself is a perfect example to creating a digital tool. Now, as far as the ease to start on this, I have to give it a two out of five, because honestly, finding a problem can sometimes be easy. But for the most part, depending on the niche that you're in or the niche that you're trying to get into, finding a problem and actually solving it with a website or app can be pretty hard. And not to mention that if you don't know how to create an app or a website, you're going to have to pay somebody to do it, which then is going to become somewhat of an investment because let's face it, website designers and app builders aren't really cheap. They do cost some money, so it is going to take a little bit of time to get started. And it's also going to take a lot of testing. Now, as far as a profitability score, there I do have to give it a five out of five because software and apps can really make you a lot of money because once that software or the app is built and up and running, all you have to do is maintenance on it, every once in a while and give it a few updates. And everything else, all of the money you're making from that app or the service or the subscription that you're selling with it is for the most part going to be all profit. Of course, you have to subtract different fees, such as whatever monthly fees you have or if you have to pay to have it hosted on a particular website. But aside from that, creating a digital tool or a software or an app can be very profitable. A lot of the times, the people that are going to be using these types of tools are going to be business owners. So if you can solve a business owner's problem, then you can really be looking at a lot of money. And because of that, the profitability score, again, is going to be a five out of five. Now, let's say you do have an idea for an app or a website or a tool that can solve a particular problem, but you don't know how to execute it. You don't know how to create the website or you don't know how to create the app. Then take a look at Fiverr. On Fiverr, you can find tons of freelancers and you can compare different prices based on different experience levels. So once you're on there and just look around a bit, you can search up app developer or website designer and you can find exactly what you need. So let me know down in the comments below which one of these different passive income methods is your favorite and which one you actually want to try or which one you've been thinking about trying. Also on top of that, remember also to include the hashtag passive income if you want access to our cheat sheet with all of the information that I mentioned in this video. Huge thank you to everyone for watching. It really means a lot, especially if you made it all the way through to the end. Once again, my name is Mario with AutoDS. And if you enjoy this video, if you enjoy this kind of content, make sure to leave a like and make sure to subscribe. Huge thank you to everyone once again for watching and catch you all next time.


Antibiotic resistance genes are common, but not all are of high risk to human health. Here, the authors develop an omics-based framework for ranking genes by risk that incorporates level of enrichment in human-associated environments, gene mobility, and host pathogenicity. This article was authored by an N.I. John, Jeffrey M. Gaston, Qingxian Eldai, and others.


In this video, we are going to talk about the nature of metal oxides.   Metal oxides, they are basic in nature. And by that, I mean they behave as bases. Some of the metal oxides even get used as antacid. And they can be used to cure the buildup of, to neutralize the buildup of excess acid in our stomach. Just like bases. So let's see how metal oxides behave as bases. So you would recall that when an acid and a base react, they will neutralize each other's effect and finally form a salt and water. So if you are given with a chemical, some random chemical that is reacting with an acid and forming a salt and water, then you can be sure that this chemical has to be a base because only a base can react with an acid to form salt and water. So now let's take an example of metal oxide and see how it reacts with an acid. So for starters, I'm going to take the acid HCl and I'm going to react this with sodium oxide, Na2O. Sodium is a metal and this is a metal oxide. Now can you imagine what are the products that will be formed in this case? Pause the video and think about this. So here there will be a double displacement reaction. The ions will exchange position. Sodium, it will get attracted now to chlorine and finally form sodium chloride. NaCl, which is a salt and hydrogen will get attracted to oxygen and finally we'll get water H2O. Let me balance this equation. Here we have two sodium, so two over here, two chlorine, so two over here, two hydrogen, one oxygen. Yes, this is balanced. So over here you can see that sodium oxide, which is a metal oxide, this is reacting with an acid to give me salt and water. So based on this previous reaction, I can say that metal oxide has to be a base because it's reacting with acid to give salt and water, right? Let's take one more example. Just to confirm things, this time I'm going to take calcium oxide. Calcium oxide, calcium is also a metal and this is a metal oxide and I'm going to react this with the acid HCl, okay? So here also double displacement reaction will happen and the ions will exchange position. Calcium will get attracted to chlorine and we will get calcium chloride, Cl2 and hydrogen will get attracted to oxygen and we will get H2O. Okay, let's quickly balance this equation. So here chlorine is two, so let's put two over here. Now hydrogen is two, oxygen, oxygen, calcium, calcium. So yes, this is a balanced chemical reaction. Here also the metal oxide is reacting with an acid to give me a salt and water. And since we are getting salt and water, we can see that this metal oxide is a base. So we can say in general metal oxides, they are basic in nature. They behave as bases and this means that they can neutralize acid and form salt and water. So metal oxides are basic in nature. Is that it? Well, not really. There are some exceptions. This is chemistry. There are always exceptions. There are some metal oxides that not only behave as bases, but can also behave as acids. They can behave as acids and react with a base to also give salt and water. Let's look at their example. So first example is aluminium oxide. So let me first of all show you how it behaves as a base. Al2O3, aluminium oxide. And let's react this with HCl, hydrochloric acid. And in this case, we will get aluminium chloride, which is a salt. AlCl3 plus water will be formed. H2O. Let's balance this equation. So here we have two aluminium. So over here, two. Now I have three to the sixth chlorine. So six HCl. Now six hydrogen. So I'll write three over here. Three to the sixth. Three oxygen, three oxygen. Yes, this is balanced. So over here, aluminium oxide is acting as a base because it is reacting with the acid HCl to give us salt and water. So it can only be a base. Now let's look at an example where aluminium oxide acts as an acid. So here I've taken aluminium oxide, Al2O3. This time I'm going to react this with a base, sodium hydroxide. And this time I will get a weird salt. I'm calling it weird because I always keep forgetting its formula. Any AlO2 sodium aluminate. And with this, water will be formed. H2O. Let's balance this equation. So here I have two aluminium. So I'll make this two. Now two sodium. I've got two over here. Now this reaction is balanced. So over here you can see that aluminium oxide is reacting with a base to give me salt and water. And we know that if something reacts with a base to give salt and water, that can only be an acid. So in this example, aluminium oxide is acting as an acid. Whereas in this example, aluminium oxide is acting as a base. So yes, aluminium oxide is an exception. It acts both as an acid and a base. We have one more example. That is zinc oxide. Zinc oxide also acts as both acid and base. Here in this example, zinc oxide is reacting with an acid to give us salt and water. Therefore here it is acting as a base. Whereas in this example, zinc oxide is reacting with a base to give us salt and water. So here zinc oxide is acting as an acid. So this is also an exception. So so far we have seen that metal oxides they are generally basic in nature. Whereas there are some exceptions. Some metal oxides are called amphoteric. Meaning they can act both as acid and base. And we saw the examples of them. Aluminium oxide and zinc oxide. Okay, we started with the example of sodium oxide in A2O. And we saw that this is basic in nature. Meaning this will react with an acid to give us salt and water. And from our previous experiments, we have seen that sodium hydroxide. Any OH, this is a base. This will also react with an acid to give us salt and water. But you might be wondering, hey, what's the connection between sodium oxide and sodium hydroxide? So see the connection is if you mix sodium oxide in water, it is going to react. It is going to dissolve completely in water. And finally we'll get sodium hydroxide. So the key thing that I'm trying to tell you is that there are few metal oxides which are soluble in water. Soluble in water. And then there are few metal oxides that are insoluble in water. Now what do I mean by soluble and insoluble? So see for example, if you take a spoon of sugar and you mix it in water, the sugar is going to completely dissolve in water and it will be completely mixed. Something similar happens with certain metal oxides such as a sodium oxide or potassium oxide, K2O, or calcium oxide, CO. These are water soluble. These will mix in water and finally we will get hydroxides. Whereas there are certain other metal oxides that are insoluble in water. For example, magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide, L2O3, these will not dissolve in water. Well, magnesium oxide, it does dissolve in water to a very little extent, okay? It's almost negligible. So for example, if you want to make sodium hydroxide, what you can do is burn sodium to get sodium oxide. Just be very careful that this reaction is very explosive, okay? And then mix this sodium oxide in water and then you will get your sodium hydroxide. The base. Now let's summarize the video. In this video we saw what is the nature of metal oxides? And we also saw that there are some metal oxides that are both acidic and basic in nature. What do we call such oxides as? And can you give two examples of such oxides? We also saw that some metal oxides are soluble and some are insoluble. I hope you can remember one example at least of both of these. Now if you can answer these questions, well and good. And if you could not, then don't worry. You can go back and watch the video again.


Hi, my name is Casey Lund. I serve on the Board of Directors for the Whiteman Base Community Council. Hello, my name is Suzanne Taylor and I also serve on the Board of Directors for the BCC. We are here today to talk about the Whiteman BCC, what its functions are, and how we benefit the Wings, Squadrons, Team Whiteman Airmen, and their families. The Whiteman BCC consists of more than 250 members representing 18 communities surrounding Whiteman Air Force Base. This unique organization stems from the Minutemen Missile Days when base operations occurred throughout a wide area of Central Missouri. We carry on that legacy today through Squadron Commander and Community Partnerships across Whiteman. Our BCC objectives are to identify common interests of civilian and military populations, working together on issues of mutual concern, increased civilian understanding of the Air Force mission, obtained community support for operations and participation in morale boosting activities, and to develop and accomplish projects in the best interest of Whiteman Air Force Base and Central Missouri communities. A few of our key programs are the Bomber Ball, the Adopt an Airmen program, and Airmen Home for the Holidays. Over the years, we have sent Airmen across the globe to visit family members through the Home for the Holidays program. In addition to those programs, through each designated Squadron and Community Partnership, we provide snacks, meals and drinks to Squadrons during exercises, support to the annual dormitory cookie drive, quarterly and annual award winners community swag, food, drinks for Airmen working during the Wings Over Whiteman Air Show. We donate money to Squadrons for Christmas parties, work with deployed members and families prior to and during deployment, volunteer and donate to Stealth Lounge for the Airmen, and provide food, snacks and warm smiles for deploying 509th Bomb Wing, 442nd Fighter Wing, 1th and 135th Assault Helicopter Battalion Personnel at Departure and Arrival. On behalf of the Whiteman Base Community Council Executive Board and Membership, we welcome you. We look forward to getting to know all of you. If you have any questions or need more information, feel free to reach out directly to your BCC representative. If you need assistance connecting, please reach out to Whiteman Air Force Base 509th Bomb Wing Public Affairs. Thanks for your time.


My name is C.2 Wall with underwater construction team two out of Fort Wainimi, California. My team is out here right now in support of commander flea activities Yacuzca. We are currently repairing the Harbor Master Pier on roughly 50 piles, increasing the lifespan of the pier for any U.S. Navy vessels. As CB divers, we started careers at the construction battalions where we learned specific skill sets such as steelworking, building, electricians, and plumbers. From there, we're able to take those skill sets to the underwater construction teams where we can perform waterfront facility repairs, port damage assessments, underwater welding, and precision demolition. I started my career at the underwater construction teams at a young age. From there, they helped me grow as an adult and also as a diver and a person. I feel anyone who has the chance to become an underwater construction technician to take it immediately.


I grew up in Peru in the 70s and so there was a lot of social movements at that time in Peru and also a lot of ricochet from the beginning of the dictatorship in Chile. So I was kind of very aware of the injustices that were leading to those social movements in South America. And from when I was very small I participated in certain protest marches with my father who was Peruvian. So I think I was very aware of rights and the need to protest and claim rights from a very young age. We moved to the UK when I was seven years old. I always had in mind that you can mobilize to change things. So I remember organizing my first strike at school at about age of 10. And this was so that girls could also play football because it was only reserved for boys at the time in the school in the UK that I was going to. So you know, it just was something natural for me. And I started kind of getting into the human rights issues through migrant rights issues on accompanying migrant communities in Switzerland when I was studying here and then from then on, you know, different issues, went back to Latin America and worked in Guatemala in the peacekeeping operation as a UNB and then kind of got into things. And I've worked with, you know, NGOs, I've worked with the UN in various locations in Ivory Coast in Cambodia and currently in Colombia. But I've also covered African countries from the eastern Southern Africa region. So I think, you know, the claim for rights is a universal claim and a universal aspiration. I'm very interested in those movements for change. And I suppose what inspires me in my career is always thinking about the women's movement and how much women have achieved in a few generations just by claiming their rights and rejecting the social order. And the fact that women have done that, not only changing legislation, but changing social narratives, changing the relationship of power that they have in society is interesting to me and it's a model for the whole human rights movement and the way we do things. This isn't just about institutional change. It's not just about legislative change. It's about empowering yourself. It's about survivors realizing their strength and how they've overcome human rights violations or how they survive with their experiences and everything that they bring to the table. So I'm very inspired by how people who have been affected by human rights violations have been the engines of such important change. And I really think that's where the wealth of the human rights movement and doctrine comes from, from, you know, women in Latin America going onto the streets fighting for the children that were disappeared and that they no longer have for their grandchildren changing international, you know, norms to be able to denounce disappearances in their own country. The UN Human Rights Office has a very strong voice and needs to use that voice to accompany human rights struggles and populations that are involved in human rights struggles. I think, you know, it's our duty to be part of the human rights movement and to give credence to the voices of victims, of survivors, the demands that they are formulating for human rights. So for me, you know, our role is to walk alongside these movements to advocate for the, for the defense of human rights. So to advocate for human rights defenders and what they are trying to promote in terms of change and to show that those struggles are legitimate struggles. To show that the injustices that they're trying to expose should be addressed. To show that it is legitimate to expose those abuses or injustices and that the obligation always lies with the state to redress those injustices and to guarantee rights. So for me, protection is, is everything in a way. It's really, you know, playing our part in those struggles and making sure that people don't feel alone in those struggles because often those struggles emerge in contexts where they are disempowered or where there where, you know, other powerful forces are trying to limit their rights. In Colombia, there was a period of time during the conflict where the military killed civilians and presented them as if they were members of insurgent groups. And, you know, this happened over a long period of time because the military had been given targets of insurgents that they had to kill. And many civilians died in the hands of military and we documented those cases alongside civil society and advocated about these cases. And today, now in Colombia, after the peace agreement was signed, the transitional court that was set up, the transitional jurisdiction that was set up to try the crimes of the past has now opened the case that looks at these cases of killings. And, you know, we have worked with civil society groups and with victims in helping them to present the reports of the cases that they documented, the cases of their family members who were executed. And this is something that is currently being investigated in Colombia. And we've participated also in efforts where public hearings have taken place to listen to victims' families and to listen also to those who were responsible, some of those who were responsible for committing those crimes who have admitted responsibility. So, you know, we've played an important role accompanying victims over several decades who were making these claims and now also in their attempts to obtain justice, but also in helping the court itself set up its procedures and set up the working methods to relate to victims and so and how to, you know, integrate fair trial standards into their procedures. Some military officials have recognized their responsibility and one particular official was very honest about his participation in these killings and spoke directly to the victims about how they had taken innocent people who believed in the military institution and, you know, the military pretended that they were offering them jobs and the people left, you know, individuals, guys that went with them and how they had tricked them knowing that they were going to execute them and later present them as if they were, as if they were, you know, insurgents. So, you know, one military officer told that directly and said that he couldn't, you know, live with himself knowing what he had done and, you know, God would be his judge of what he had done, but in this life he needed to tell the truth about how he had committed these crimes. It was a very strong and emotional testimony because very few military have done that in Colombia. I think, you know, victims are hopeful that other military officers will be as courageous as him in doing that. Generally, post-conflict situations and these kinds of transitions are not straightforward or easy transitions. Generally, there's also a need to kind of promote healing and transformation. So it's very important for the UN to be involved in, you know, helping show the way forward. What is a rights-based approach? What are we walking towards as an ideal scenario? What does it mean to protect indigenous people's rights? What are their rights and how do you do that? You know, many countries that have been affected by war haven't been used to working within a rule of law framework and so, you know, helping a country take those steps towards a situation where the rule of law is protected and, you know, citizens have rights and are able to claim those rights is, you know, it's a tricky process. So I think it's very important to be present in those transitions because it's not always a done deal. It's a big effort and it's a big effort that, you know, works across society, from civil society, the population itself, state institutions that need to learn to do things differently, but even, you know, the private sector and it's about how that society adapts to a new type of relationship of, you know, the state and its citizens. For each victim, there is a notion of what justice means to them and I think we have to respect that each victim has their own notion of what is justice and what reparation means to her. And so I expect that, you know, some transitional justice mechanisms will provide justice to some people, but not everybody will identify with that and maybe their struggles will continue. And I think it's our duty to accompany people in those struggles, you know, whether they are satisfied by one truth commission or one tribunal or whether they are longer struggles that have to do, you know, with other forms of justice. I think we need to listen to victims and understand what justice means to them and understand that that may be varied and that there's no single, you know, road to healing.  I think, you know, there are so many spaces in which we can do the right thing and protect human rights and raise our voice in our own personal way and whatever it is meaningful for us. So I think, you know, the door is wide open to defend human rights.


I had a friend, his dad was an immigrant American dream story, came to America, started gas stations in the state of New York, wasn't making any money, true American spirit, he changed the name of his gas stations to Seven Even, instead of 7-Eleven, he changed, you know like in coming to America is like the Big Mac is the Big Mic, so he changed 7-Eleven, he did the same color sign, he took the L out basically made it Seven Even, all of a sudden sales shot up because people would drive in, instead of like the Slurpee he had the Slurp or something, and he said his dad was worth 20 mil before he got a letter from 7-Eleven C-Syndesist.


Good morning. I'm John Kebler, Mike Cooper over here. This is Hack the Textbook, which we're going to talk about the Textbook Security Project. We had hoped to be fully up and running, but we are in beta mode, so this is going to show you where we hope to be in a couple of weeks. Now, I'm going to go through real quickly a little bit about the problem we're trying to fix and a little bit about the project itself and do a little quick demo. Now, as we're all, you know, security aware, let's face it, other than the people problem, the majority of our security issues are caused because our code sucks, period. And why does our code so bad? Well, because most people that have learned to program in school have learned through textbooks that teach bad programming practices. They teach you how to write insecure code.  And, you know, instructors have to teach what's in the textbooks because that's what they're evaluated on. There isn't time, you know, to try to fix the material. So there's a whole lot of excuses as to why there is a problem. And the goal of this project is to hopefully publicly disclose, you know, the vulnerabilities that are in textbooks to try to force the authors, you know, to realize that they do have problems and their problems have impact and that, you know, they need to be fixed. You know, from the industry perspective, you know, people expect when they hire a computer science graduate out of school that they want to have somebody that can write good quality code. And they're tired of having to retrain new graduates to be able to write secure code. However, from academia, they say, well, you know, it isn't a real problem. You know, if it was a real problem, the publishers would be pushing the authors to fix the books. And, you know, the students, you know, should be learning theory anyway, you know, not practical real-world applications. And there's also the argument among those professors that would like to fix the problem, that there's not enough resources to fix the problem. You know, half the instructors teaching software development are not security experts. And besides, the classes are so jam-packed anyway, there's not enough time to add new material to the courses. So that's the goal of this project, the textbook security project, which is also known as Hack the Textbook. The immediate goals are to publicly expose the security flaws in the most popular textbooks used in college curricula and to encourage authors to use secure software development practices in their textbooks, revise their existing books, and to get it right the first time when they write new books. The long-term objective is really to make secure software development practices the standard way that programming is taught across the academic environment, to make a security and integral part of every part of the computer science curricula. You know, right now, most people don't take a software engineering or a security course to their junior or senior. By then, they've had two to three years of learning how to do it wrong, and you expect them to, you know, in one semester, relearn how to do everything right. You know, that doesn't quite fit, so, you know, teach everybody to do it right the first time. And also, we'd like to become a resource that authors and college faculty can use, you know, to find out what are the latest issues and, you know, what are the problems and how should they be fixed. What we need is your help. You know, we need you to identify the textbooks that are out there in common use, the courses that are being, that they're being used for. We need people that are, you know, technically qualified, shall we say, you know, they have the creds in the industry to review the books. We need help, you know, editing the reviews because we want to make this, you know, professional because that's the only way we're going to, you know, get academia and the publishers to pay attention to us. Once reviews are up, we want to have people linked to the site, linked to the reviews. You know, somebody's got a really bad textbook out there. The only way that that fact is going to come to light is if the review is, you know, relatively high up in the Google search.  And also, completely unrelated to the project, you as an individual working with your local university can say, you know, I am an expert in security. You know, these are the issues we're seeing in the real world because most in academia haven't a clue what is really going out there and they really don't even know that they're teaching bad software development practices.  If you have any publishers out here in the audience, we'd like, you know, to get contributions of books for review. And we're also going to set this up as a nonprofit corporation. So, you know, any other donations that we can get, you know, to help fund the project would be appreciated. There are several different levels of users. Basically, everybody just visiting the site will be able to review all the technical content. If you want to make a submission but you don't want to have to disclose any information, then we just ask for a one-shot email address that will send you a confirmation link just so we have a way of, you know, confirming that there's a real warm body submitting content out there. You can register providing some basic information such as your name and an email address. And you can, in that case, only the handle that you provide will be publicly disclosed. And you can submit books for review. You can comment on reviews. And you can assign books to courses that, you know, I'm using this book at this course at this school.  You should be listening to them. The only thing that would be disclosed publicly would be your handle or your real name, whichever you would choose to have disclosed. Your bio would be viewable by confirmed authors and publishers of the textbooks you review. It would not be viewable by all the publishers or all the authors, just the ones for whose books you've reviewed. And you would be able to do everything that a normal user could do, plus submit reviews and contribute white papers. We also have a need for editors to help go through and review content. You would essentially be invisible to everybody except the reviewers and the staff. And authors and publishers, we would require registration and then direct contact information so we can really verify that you are who you claim to be. And you would be invisible to everyone except the reviewers and the staff. A little bit of notes on workflow. Most of the content will not be made public until it's been reviewed and approved with exceptional book submissions and course submissions. Users that are not logged in will be requested to give an email address to confirm who they are and click on the link before the review contents made public. Editors may contact reviewers about making grammar and other clarity type corrections to your reviews. And authors and publishers can request that you contact them regarding your reviews. We will not disclose your contact information to authors or publishers, but we will inform reviewers that an author or publisher would like to talk to you. So please, let's keep professional. Don't make broadsweeping generalizations if you should choose to write a review. This book stinks. It does not construct a constructive review. Kind of stick to the facts. And we're going to go through now real quick demonstration. Mike? Thanks. A little display issue one second. All right. So basically I'm going to go add a book to the site and then we're going to add a quick review. A little bit of background while I was out at RSA earlier this year. Fortify talked about a book that they found had security vulnerabilities they contacted the author. So since they decided to pick on them a little bit, then we thought it was safe ground. So I'm searching for the book in Amazon's web services. So I'll bring that up and just confirm. This is the book that we want to review. We'll add it to the site. And then what we'll do is we'll go and add a review. I've already got some text. So I'm going to select the lowest rating for this book. I should caveat that this book does mention security in a little bit, but it doesn't actually talk about it in reference to coding. So let me get my review here. So as I mentioned that Fortify talked about the book, the author had a quote that said that he didn't intend these code samples to be used in production, but obviously we all know that happens. I mean, why would an author make a statement that they wouldn't expect their code examples to be used in the real world? What would they expect? They're teaching people how to write code. If the code wasn't intended for real use, then what are you trying to teach? So these quotes were taken from the article. There's the URL down at the bottom of the review. It's also in our slides. So I'm going to add the bad code example that was taken directly from the book, and I'll talk briefly about that. So those of you that I can hear snickering may have already noticed that they're just blitting user input right out to the output stream. So this is on page 60, and it's code listing 38 for those that would like to take a look at this. So real quick you can see they're pulling a bunch of parameters directly out of the requesting, and they're just writing the response right back out. So that's classic and very, very simple cross-site scripting. So that's my bad code example. Now I'm going to add an exploit to this example if you can call it an exploit, just because I already have it and I'm going to paste it. So really that's fairly proof of concept cross-site scripting, but it works great. So now one of the most important things we're going to add an example of how this code can be fixed. It depends on your perspective. So our fix for this was to use the OWASP's Enterprise Security API. It's pretty cool. You have to know what context you're in. In this particular example we're in the HTML context. Most of the bugs that we found in this book, which we found in Umber, were in the HTML context. Although we did find one that was in the JSON that was sent back and forth, so it was in a JavaScript context. So we submit this fixed code example. Then what we'll do is we'll go over here to the review. You can tell by the little unlock symbol here that this book doesn't fare very well. I'm sorry. For this one, the code example that they gave, there's no storage at all. It just basically blits it right back out. So we simply are encoding it when we get it. If you're going to use this in a backend database, which none of the examples really had in the book that we looked at, you'd obviously want to be doing validation for various other things. SQL injection. We don't have the functionality right now, but there'll also be the ability to comment. So for example, if you wanted to raise that issue or say, hey, guess what? You didn't consider SQL injection. I would recommend doing it this way. That's one of the features that we definitely are going to be adding. I don't have one. We actually just started reading about it and there was a video that was released. So we decided it was not a bad thing to add in for this example. So for the full review that we have, you can see there's the fixed code example. We have the exploit. The ordering is reversed for some reason. We have the summary and then we have the bad code example, the fixed code and the exploit. That's pretty much it. It wasn't intended to come out in reverse order, but all demos break. Yeah, include, yeah. Okay, so to summarize, really the key to fixing our non-human security problems are to fix our code problems. To fix the code problems, we really need to teach programmers how to write good code. And the key to teaching programmers how to write good code is to use textbooks that teach good software development practices. And the majority of the books out there today from everything we hear from the university environment is that the books really teach bad programming practices from day one. They make it so simple that they teach people how to write bad code. And we really need your help, you know, to make this happen. Now, we do have one final request. You know, the site is in beta. So if you find problems, you know, please don't pwn us. You know, contact us.  You know, you can have X vulnerabilities. You know, let us know the contact information on the last slide. Let's see, we've got about four minutes. Any real quick questions? Okay, back there. Louder, please. Okay, the question is, he's a student at university. What should he be doing to try to fix this on his side? Definitely submit the books that you are using in your courses to the site so we can get them reviewed so that you can point them out to your professors.  You know, it's got all these vulnerabilities in it. Why are you teaching us to write bad code? I mean, this is going to be a grassroots from the bottom-up effort and we really need everyone's help. Any other quick questions? Yes, louder, please. What do you do to get your university actively involved? It's from the students up.  If you're choosing a new textbook, you know, please submit the book in advance to get it reviewed. And if it's not any good, you know, give us a decent textbook that we can learn to do things right. Yes, put up sign, spread the word. Anything that you, you know, care to do, please. And once reviews are up, link to them. You know, put them on your Facebook or MySpace or whatever sites that, you know, my school is using this book. This book stinks. You don't believe me. Here's a review of it. The more links we get to it, the more visibility we'll have. Yes. Well, that's why we have Hack the Textbook.  For the rest of the world, you know, Hack the Textbook is fine. But again, you know, we want to, you know, kind of a professional presentation to this. Okay. I believe that's, yes, was one more question quick? No, we're not. Not this time. This is really, this has been a project that I have had some discussion with several universities that I've worked with on and off for a couple of years. And back I think about February, I'm not, you know, really a web developer. And I hit my, my cop says, hey, you want to do a project? He said, tell me about it. And he said, yeah, cool. So, we kind of started on it in late March. And it's been spare time. But we hope to find a lot more time now to, you know, try to get it up and going. We hope to have the full site up and going probably by the end of the month. Okay. Any other questions? I'll be glad to take them out in the hall. Contact information, website information. And DEF CON will have the slides. So look for them on the DEF CON website sometime in the next couple of weeks whenever they get around putting them up. Thank you.


Nearly one year later, the people of London were shocked to learn that Sir Karoo had been viciously murdered. Now Sarah, the cleaning lady, was sitting in her window gazing at the moon and she happened to look down at the street below to see this old man asking Mr. Hyde for directions. Mr. Hyde became enraged and grabbed his cane and began to beat the old man until the old man fell to the ground. And the cane broke. Now when the police investigated, they called Mr. Utterson to the scene to identify the body. Also, the old man had an envelope with Mr. Utterson's name on it. Now Mr. Utterson looked at that broken cane and identified it as belonging to Dr. Jekyll, so he told the police. They went to Dr. Jekyll's house. When they arrived, the maid said that Mr. Hyde was not here. They entered the house and began the investigation. And the police decided that they wanted a hand-bill describing Mr. Hyde's appearance. Now after asking many people about his appearance, the only thing that people could say about Mr. Hyde was that he was disgusting.