Discover the exquisite beauty of Islam with our exclusive poster collection showcasing the 99 names of Allah. Each poster meticulously presents the Arabic name, pronunciation and English translation, embodying the essence of our Creator. Elevate your surroundings with these high quality designs that not only serve as art but also offer a glimpse into the profound beauty of Islamic culture. Immerse yourself in the collection and unveil the magnificence of the 99 names. Links in the description box. Alright guys, welcome back to the channel if you're new months but we guys today we're going to react to the pagan origins of Christianity. On the channel many prophets won a message. I don't necessarily agree with the title, the pagan origins of Christianity because I believe the origin of Christianity initially was of course Jesus Christ and therefore in our opinion pure monotheism. However, I would not disagree that Christianity has been infused with paganism, with Roman Greek paganism indeed. Guys, before we start this video as always if you enjoy my content leave me a thumbs up, subscribe to the channel if you haven't already and check out the links in the description box to further support. And now with no further ado let's have a look. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are typically grouped together under the same umbrella of Abrahamic religion. This video is going to show that far from being a religion in the monotheistic lineage of Abraham, Christianity in fact has its origin in pagan cults. I would make the bold claim that only Islam follows Abraham's teaching because if we look into the story of Abraham everybody agrees here, Abraham was not a Christian and moreover Abraham was not a Jew. So therefore the question, what was he? Abraham submitted his will to God, to God alone. He even went so far that he would have sacrificed his firstborn son to God. This is someone that submits his will to God, this is somebody that worships God alone, i.e. this is what we call a Muslim. We do not believe that Islam started with the prophet Muhammad, but we believe that it is the primordial religion of men, that there is only one relationship, so to speak, between men and God. The absolute submission of one's will to the will of God. And if you look at Abraham you will clearly understand that this is what he did. He wasn't labeled with a religious affiliation such as Christians or Jews. He was someone, again for the thousandth time, that submitted his will to God. And therefore the description, the translation of Muslim, someone that submits his will to God fits perfectly here of course. And therefore making Islam the only Abrahamic faith. Christianity has the doctrine of the Trinity, in which God is said to manifest as three persons, the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. No, so it's not quite correct. It's not that God manifests himself, but rather that God has three persons. This is the description of the Trinity within the creeds of Orthodox and Catholic Christianity. It's not so much a manifestation, but rather an intrinsic part of God, an ever-changing part of God. So to speak, three personas in one. No disrespect here, but yes, we're speaking about a split personality, if you will. We're not talking about different manifestation or modes of existence, but rather of a God that has always three different persons. So it really is a split personality disorder, if you will. Compare this concept of three related divinities to different pagan religions. The ancient Egyptians had the Trinity of Amun, Re and Ta. An Egyptian hymn reads, all gods are three, Amun, Re and Ta. Babylonians worship the Trinity of Nana, Shamash and Ishtar. Hinduism has the concept of Trimurti, in which the Supreme God, Brahman, is said to manifest as the three forms, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The Hindu text, Padma Purana states, he who is that eternal God became the three gods, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The Greeks had the goddess Hecate, whom they described as triple headed, and goddess of the triple ways. The Romans venerated Diana as diva triformis, which means three formed goddess. A Roman poet wrote, O three formed goddess, to thee I dedicate the pine tree. Northwestern European tribes worshiped a group of three female deities, known as matronae, which means matrons. Persians had the triad Ahura Mazda, Mithra and Anahita. An ancient royal inscription reads, may Ahura Mazda, Anahita and Mithra protect me and my building against evil. We can see that this concept of three related divinities is an ancient phenomenon. Yes and this is really important to understand because Christians nowadays especially that haven't done the research will believe that the Trinity is something unique to Christianity. When I was an Orthodox Christian, I was told to look at our doctrine, look at our theology, nobody else speaks about this. They're speaking about God in some sort of simplistic, unitarian way as if he doesn't have any multiplicity in him. It is only Christianity that talks about the Trinity and explains God in that depth. And therefore many Christians truly assume that they are upon the truth because Christianity seems so special. Yes, it's true. Everybody else speaks just about one simple God, but our God has three aspects to himself. But if you look further, as you can see here in the video, you will see that this concept is extremely old and can be found within pagan religions. That being said, many Orthodox Christians still have an explanation to this and they will tell you, Yeah, well, this was some sort of prequel to revelation, essentially. People slowly but surely getting prepared for the Trinity. It is truly that way. If you look into Orthodox Christianity, you will find that some Orthodox Christian scholars even try to find Jesus Christ within Taoism. There is a whole book dedicated to the subject called Christ the Eternal Tower. And there the author writes as well that those people have been prepared through those scriptures for the coming of Christ. Therefore, there's always an explanation within those religious affiliations, of course. And if you tell them, hey, listen, guys, people talked about Trinitarian aspects to their gods, their pagan gods. They will tell you, yeah, well, this was just a preparation for the real revelation to come, which is then finally the Trinity within Christianity. Which has been present in different pagan religions throughout the world. It's important to point out that the Christian Trinity differs in its finer details when compared to these other cults. Sure. However, this basic concept of three related divinities is common to all of them and is fundamentally pagan. The Greek philosopher Aristotle had this to say about the mystical significance of the number three. Just as the Pythagoreans say, the whole and all things are delimited by the three, for end, middle and beginning have the number of the whole, which is that of the triad. Wherefore, we use this number also in the worship of the gods, taking it from nature as a law of it. In Christianity, Jesus is the incarnate Son of God, who is said to possess two natures, one divine and one human. This idea of a God-man hybrid is fundamentally pagan. Greco-Roman religions were filled with tales of gods procreating with human women and begetting God-men. Yeah, here I have to interrupt, yet again as a former Christian myself, because yes, it's absolutely true. The concept of the God-man is ancient. Pagans have been talking about that. However, within paganism, the God-man was basically a hybrid. 50% human and 50% God, such as Hercules, for example, he was a hybrid after all. However, yet again, sneaky Orthodox Christians, they have an explanation to this, of course, and they will tell you. No, he's not half-man, half-god. He is fully-man and fully-god. He contains two natures. Like this, they believe they have an explanation, a sufficient explanation to this pagan issue. I, of course, beg to differ here. It doesn't make any sense, because what does it even mean? To have two natures to be 100% fully-man and 100% fully-god. That leads up to 200%, which then in turn, yet again, doesn't make any sense whatsoever, because what does 200% then even mean? It simply means the fullness, which equates to 100%. And if you have two in 100%, this makes it a split into 50-50 yet again. But as I said, they always have an explanation. They will tell you, no, we're not talking about those Greek mythological figures. We are talking about Jesus Christ, the God-man, which is fully-man and fully-god. God in the Greek pantheon Zeus visited the human woman Danae in the form of golden rain and fathered Perseus, a God-man. Hercules, also the son of Zeus, is another example of a God-man. The New Testament states that the role of the incarnate son of God is to be the saviour of mankind. The father has sent his son to be the saviour of the world. The belief that gods became incarnate as men and acted as universal saviours was also common in paganism. Perhaps the best-known example is the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. An ancient inscription has this to say about him.  Here Julius Caesar is said to be a manifestation of the gods and the saviour of mankind. Another direct parallel can be found in the Gospel of Mark, the beginning of the good news about Jesus, the Messiah, the son of God. This statement that Jesus the son of God is the beginning of the good news is also mirrored by another Roman dictator Augustus. The birthday of the God has been for the whole world the beginning of good news concerning him. The concept of a human being who is a divine son of God, the saviour of mankind and good news was a sort of template that was applied to people of great power and authority. We've seen that the history of paganism is littered with such examples and the Christian conception of Jesus was just another incarnate God in a long line of incarnate gods that preceded him. The early Christian apologist Justin Martyr considered a saint in the Catholic Church admitted that Christianity had borrowed its concept of divine sonship from pagans. When we say that the word Jesus Christ, the firstborn of God, was produced without sexual union and that he was crucified and died and rose again and ascended to heaven, we propound nothing new or different from what you pagans believe regarding those whom you consider sons of Jupiter. To be fair we have to mention as well why Justin Martyr wrote this letter in the first place, it was of course for the conversion of the pagans into Christianity in the Roman Empire. So they had to make some sort of effort to convert the pagans into Christians of course and therefore they did that by telling them, hey listen guys, this religion here is nothing new. Ultimately Jesus Christ's religion, which we yet again believe to be Islam, was pretty different to the pagans obviously and therefore they had to change it. Paul changed the religion then later on the church fathers even further changed the religion of Jesus Christ and of all the prophets may peace be upon them and then they started catering to the pagans. They started telling them, hey listen, this is not so far fetched, you know those stories, you heard them before, look at those holidays, Ishtar became Eastern etc etc you name it. The Gospel of Matthew states that Jesus foretold he would die and rise again after a period of three days and three nights. For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. Very early on churches taught that during his three day and three night absence Jesus descended into hell. The Apostles Creed is an early statement of Christian belief. It states, I believe in Jesus Christ, his only son, our Lord, was crucified, died and was buried. He descended into hell. The third day he arose again from the dead. These beliefs mirror an ancient Sumerian myth about the goddess Inanna which states, From the great heaven Inanna set her mind on the great below. Inanna abandoned heaven, abandoned earth and descended to the underworld. After three days and three nights had passed, thus let Inanna arise. The Gospel of Matthew also tells us that something extraordinary happened when Jesus died. At that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook, the rocks split and the tombs broke open. The bodies of many holy people who had died were raised to life. They came out of the tombs after Jesus' resurrection and went into the holy city and appeared to many people. Now, none of the other gospels mention this astonishing incident of the walking dead. Only Matthew reports it. Let's compare the accounts of Matthew and Mark regarding the death of Jesus. Notice that even though Mark's account is virtually identical to that of Matthew, Mark does not mention the rising of the dead saints. If such a miraculous event really happened, then there will be no rational reason for Mark to omit it from his gospel. Consider that the apostle Paul had the perfect opportunity to mention this story when he was preaching to an audience that was skeptical about life after death. But if it is preached that Christ has been raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? Paul could have easily proven that there is life after death by mentioning the numerous resurrections that took place when the dead saints walked the streets of Jerusalem. He did not mention anything about such an event because it never happened. Flavius Josephus was a first-century historian who was born in Jerusalem. Even though he was a prolific writer and documented much about the city, he also failed to mention anything about this most public of miracles. Even conservative Christian scholarship rejects the historicity of this event. The New Testament scholar Mike Lacona stated that this story is a strange report and literary special effects. The theologian William Lane Craig stated that probably only a few conservative scholars would treat the story as historical. If Matthew's story of the walking dead is an invention, then from where did he get his inspiration for such a tale? It just happens to be present among pagan cultures. The ancient Greeks celebrated a three-day festival known as Ancestria, during which it was believed that the dead came back to life and walked among the living in the cities. The Roman poet Virgil wrote that when Julius Caesar was assassinated, phantoms of unearthly pallor were seen in the falling darkness. Sure, of course, those were Greek authors. It is just common sense that they would reuse those stories. The Gospel of John narrates to us the following conversation between Jesus and his disciples. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.  For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me and I in them. Here Jesus instituted the ritualistic consumption of bread and wine, said to represent his flesh and blood. Just a quick introduction yet again here, this is one of those things, one of many things that really turned me off Christianity. I could never believe that this bread that I was supposed to eat was the flesh of Jesus Christ, that the wine that I was supposed to drink was his blood. And even if it was, what does it even mean? Why do I have to consume Jesus Christ flesh and blood? It seemed so extremely cultish. I absolutely hated that aspect. It felt unnatural. It didn't feel like it had anything to do with the worship of one God. Once I entered a mosque for the very first time and joined in prayer, I felt such a relief because it just made sense. Ah, we're actually here in this mosque to pray to God? Yeah, well, that makes sense.  It felt so extremely unnatural and not like a path to God. Note the great importance that is placed on the ritual. It was claimed to bestow eternal life. All of this has precedent in the ancient Egyptian cult of Osiris.  The body of Osiris was represented by bread. The valley gives you bread from the burial of her father Osiris. Your loaves are Osiris. The blood of Osiris was represented by wine. My blood is drunk, even my redness. You are wine, you are not wine, but the guts of Osiris. The ritualistic consumption of Osiris in the form of bread and wine was believed to allow one to partake in the nature of Osiris and be granted life. In the journey you of course had many mystery cults, ancient mystery cults and there is some research done on that where people come to the conclusion that actually originally initially it wasn't even wine and bread but it was a metaphor for some sort of psychotropic substance that would induce a trance like state in which you could communicate with the God's quote on quote. And looking at it rationally it absolutely makes sense because it is a fact that back in the day during those ancient times you had mystery schools that would initiate their disciples with certain psychotropic plans. This is a fact and therefore it would only make sense that those original experiential cults trickled down into history and simply became dogmas and copies of a copy of a copy of a copy so on and so forth until they end up speaking about the food of the gods. And then ultimately Christianity copies that ritual as well now proclaiming that it is the flesh in the blood of Jesus Christ, the man god. Your eyes are opened by the earth, your limbs are gathered, raise yourself up when the great bread and this wine like water were given to him. The bread and wine ritual is performed in churches to the present day as a way of commemorating Jesus' resurrection back to life. In Christianity the symbol of the resurrection is the cross. Most Christians assume that its design is based on the T shaped Roman torture instrument. However the Bible itself does not precisely describe the shape of the cross it merely states it was made of wood or timber. You may be wondering where its design originated from. Like the bread and wine eating ritual, the cross... That point doesn't really matter that much because the reference within Orthodox Christianity is not just the Bible just as in Sunni Islam you do have hadith additional to the Quran. With an Orthodox Christianity you have to understand that it was those church fathers that actually compiled the Bible and therefore you have tradition and certain writings of the church fathers that further explain. And this is why if you look at the cross the Orthodox cross looks different than the Catholic cross as well. Of course Orthodox Christians do believe that their depiction of the cross is absolutely accurate and historical. Also happens to have a parallel in ancient Egyptian religion. Compare the Christian cross to the Egyptian Ankh. Their resemblance is not just in shape but also in meaning as Egyptian hieroglyphics use the symbol to represent the word for life. Here the Egyptian god Horus is bringing a dead pharaoh back to life using the Ankh. We can see that the Ankh and Christian cross are both linked to resurrection. The early Christian historian Socrates Scholasticus recorded a fascinating argument between Christians and Egyptian pagans who both laid claim to the cross. When the temple of Serapis was torn down and laid bare there were found in it engraven on stones certain characters which they call hieroglyphics having the forms of crosses. Both the Christians and pagans on seeing them appropriated and applied them to their respective religions for the Christians claimed this character as peculiarly theirs but the pagans alleged that it might appertain to Christ and Serapis in common. Just how did the original message of Jesus transform from the pure monotheism of the Old Testament into the paganistic religion of Christianity today? I wouldn't claim that it is pure monotheism within the Old Testament either because if you look into it you have many polytheistic passages as well. Did early Christians get together and agree upon a secret agenda to corrupt the religion and the masses just went along with it? There is no need to resort to conspiracy theories to understand what actually happened. When there are multiple ideologies in a geographic area you often find that there is an exchange of ideas with the dominant ideology prevailing in the exchange. This is known as syncretism. The people who allow changes to creep into a religion are not necessarily doing it with an evil intention. It may come about due to pressure from society or ruling authorities. It may even seem natural to adopt certain beliefs and practices if culturally that is what a people are used to. Historically this is what happened with Christianity. Jewish people were the initial target audience of the evangelism of Jesus and his disciples. However, they largely rejected Jesus as the Messiah. Jesus only gained a sizable following after he ascended to heaven when the apostle Paul started evangelizing to Gentiles, i.e. non-Jews. Paul preached a modified version of the message of Jesus that was stripped of its Jewish elements and keeping the Sabbath. This watered down version appealed to Gentiles who started to embrace Paul's teachings in large numbers culminating in the pagan Roman Empire adopting Christianity as its official state religion several centuries after Jesus. So we need to understand the mindset of the Gentiles who first received Paul's message in order to understand how paganism crept into Christianity. When Jewish people heard stories about Jesus performing amazing miracles, they would have understood him in the same context as the likes of Moses and the other Israelite prophets who were all granted signs and wonders by God. Alright, this is it for today's video.  If you want to watch the full video, however, head over to the channel. Many prophets, one message, and there you can watch the video on the pagan origins of Christianity until the end. As I said throughout the video, Christians of course will always have an answer to why Christianity is not pagan. They will try to refute every single argument, but ultimately they have to ask themselves the question, did Jesus preach those things? Did Jesus preach a trinity? The answer is of course, no, he did not. Was Jesus circumcised? The answer is of course he was. Did Jesus eat pork? The answer is yet again, of course he did not. Did Jesus pray with his face on the ground, like Muslims do nowadays? The answer is here yet again, yes, of course he did. Did Jesus Christ ever claim to be a Christian? Did he ever call his followers Christians? We do not find any evidence of that. Did Jesus Christ celebrate his own birthday? Probably not. Did Jesus Christ celebrate Easter? Well, yet again, probably not. Did Jesus Christ teach you to pray to saints? To ask for intercession? Yet again, probably not. And did he ask you to pray to his mother, to Mother Mary and ask her for favors? I don't believe so. So those questions have to be answered first of course. And then by answering those questions we of course have to ask further questions such as what was the religion of Jesus then. If he didn't do all of those things that Christians do nowadays, what did he do? What was his relationship to God? As Muslims we say his relationship to God was that of submission. He said in the Father's Prayer, Thy will be done if it is in your will. That clearly shows yet again, that he is putting God's will first. Putting God's will over his own will. This is someone that submits his will. To God alone, i.e. a Muslim. Alright guys, but this is it for today's video. If you enjoyed it, leave it a thumbs up. Subscribe to the channel if you haven't already. Check out the links in the description box below to further support my work. And as always, may God bless you all. Much love and peace.


My name is Phil Dollop and I'm the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State at the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Security and Non-Pulliferation, ISN. I'm excited to join you to share a bit about our bureau's work and opportunities in our field for students and recent graduates. Our bureau is dedicated to three mutually reinforcing efforts. The first effort is non-pulliferation, which means preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction or WMD and related technologies. Second, we work with other countries to develop and implement robust non-pulliferation agreements. Using diplomacy, we hold strategic stability dialogues, implement counter-pulliferation policies and enforce WMD-related sanctions. Lastly, we train and assist partner countries. Through these training initiatives, ISN personnel provide expertise on a variety of topics, such as improving export controls on potentially dangerous materials, countering nuclear smuggling and keeping WMD materials out of the hands of terrorists. Our workforce is a diverse and multidisciplinary one, and we recruit heavily from a variety of fields, including international relations and the hard sciences. We have people who specialize in aspects of export control, civilian nuclear power, sanctions policy, chemical, biological and nuclear sciences, and other related fields. The bureau is proud to offer a variety of internship and fellowship programs to students with interest in any of these policies or technical disciplines. For current students, we encourage you to check out internship opportunities with ISN at careers.state.gov. For recent or soon-to-be graduates of advanced degree programs, ISN also participates in a number of fellowship programs to provide full-time employment, often alongside professional development and networking opportunities. These fellowships include the Presidential Management Fellowship and the Science and Technology Policy Fellowship, which is sponsored by the American Academy for the Advancement of Sciences. For veterans who are receiving their graduate degrees in international relations and political science fields, the department of state also offers the Veterans Innovation Partnership VIP Fellowship. The VIP is a 12-month program that provides educated, highly-achieving veterans unique opportunities to gain experience in foreign policy so they may continue to serve the United States beyond the military. I will also note that the non-proliferation field spans multiple federal agencies, think tanks and NGOs. Some of the other federal agencies involved in this mission set include the Departments of Defense, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services and Energy. The Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, NNSA, also holds a graduate fellowship program which provides students with salaried experience in the nuclear security field. Fellowship opportunities are offered in the areas of non-proliferation, stockpiled stewardship, infrastructure and oversight. A career in the non-proliferation field promises to be an exciting and global one. Our workforce has the privilege of representing America's interests overseas, often traveling far and wide to achieve our mission. And although our travel has been limited in the last year due to the pandemic, we've remained busy and globally engaged. Many of our offices have continued training partners through virtual platforms. Additionally, some of our experts have helped advise the department's response to a number of crises operations, including bringing Americans home at the start of the pandemic and providing chemical security expertise in the aftermath of the Port of Beirut explosion. As you can see, there is never a jaw moment working in the non-proliferation field. It's been an extremely fulfilling career for me, both personally and professionally. And I think many of my colleagues would agree. I hope you'll consider joining this talented community of public servants and dedicated, who are dedicated to building a safer and more secure world. Thank you for your time and I hope you enjoy the rest of your conference.


Did you know more than 100,000 people sleep rough in Australia every night? You may have walked past people sleeping in doorways, in stairwells of car parks or alone in a park. This year I'll be joining hundreds of other senior executives and leaders around Australia in the annual CEO Sleep Out. I'm going to find out if only for a short time what it feels like to be homeless in a Canberra winter, with only three pieces of cardboard and a sleeping bag to keep me warm. Our department has a long history of finding safety and refuge for those less fortunate, as well as a strong commitment to contributing to worthwhile community causes. Last year, this CEO Sleep Out raised $4.2 million and that money is providing accommodation, crisis care, funded night patrols and many education programs for the homeless. Please go to www.ceosleepout.org.au and see how you can support me to help the homeless.


2 sample lesson plans to incorporate storytelling in the EFL class. In the next year, I'll be working as an English teaching assistant in Zadar, Croatia, on a Fulbright grant where I'll be working with university-level students, as well as with middle school students. I'll be hosting workshops for middle school students on life and culture in America. I hope to utilize storytelling activities to both engage the class, and provide an opportunity for language acquisition. Here I'll give an example of a straight-arrow ESA lesson that would incorporate storytelling. For the engage phase, I might ask students to tell the class in English, about their favorite Croatian holiday, having them include descriptions such as food, decorations, or themes. This would get them thinking and speaking in English while introducing the topic of holidays. For the study phase, I could read students a story about the origins of Thanksgiving or another American holiday. For the second part, I might have them do a word search for language associated with the holiday, such as Turkey, Native Americans, and George Washington. This two-part study phase would both introduce them to a new language, as well as illicit language from them to practice. Finally, for the activate phase, I would ask them to get into groups, and discuss which Croatian holiday is most similar to the American holiday, and then present to the class an explanation of why it's the most similar. Another area of American culture that I know, Croatian children are interested in is superheroes. I'd like to give an example of a boomerang lesson, involving superheroes that incorporate storytelling. For the engage phase, I'd ask the students to write a list on the board of different qualities, they think superheroes should have, flight, strength, invisibility, etc. For the activate phase, I'd introduce a game of Jeopardy for the students to gauge, how many American superheroes they already know. I'd do this by separating them into groups, where each group has one person playing at a time with a buzzer in front of them. I'd then write or project on the board various descriptions of American superheroes, and see who can answer first. For the study phase, I'd put students into pairs and give each pair a note card with an American superhero on it. Each pair would role play a story of their superhero, given on the note card, for the students to guess their superpowers. Finally, for the last activate phase, I'd put the class into small groups, and have each group come up with their own superhero.  Do you want to teach EFL students? Learn new teaching techniques by taking a TEFL course. These are just a few examples of the ways in which storytelling can be included in the classroom. There is room for storytelling in each of the three parts of an ESA lesson, and it is an effective way to keep students involved, and the teachers creative with their lesson planning. Storytelling is fun for the students, utilizes a broad range of language, can be modified for various activities or skills levels, and can include all students in the making or telling of stories.


The international health agencies recommend developing one-health surveillance systems, but many of these systems are still compartmentalized and lack collaboration among different sectors and disciplines. To address this issue, the OH European Joint Program Matrix Project created a generic evaluation tool called OH APCAP to help individual institutions and governments assess their own one-health surveillance capacities and capabilities. This tool is organized around three dimensions, organizational structure, operational activities, and impact of the surveillance system, each of which is broken down into four subcategories. Each subcategory contains four indicators, which can be scored using a semi-quantitative questionnaire. After the questionnaire is completed, a panel of surveillance experts conducts a half-day workshop or engages in a back and forth process to reach a consensus. The results are then visualized through an our shiny-based web application, which also includes a benchmarking feature. The tool was tested on various foodborne pathogens, salmonella, campylobacter, listeria, emerging threats, antimicrobial resistance, and other zoonotic diseases, P.S. This article was offered by Hennik Ayala to Jegny, Karlin Bogart, Lucy Colono, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Asha and I am going to help you with the following question which says find the number of non-zero integral solutions of the equation modulus 1 minus iota raised to the power x is equal to 2 raised to the power x. So, let us begin with the solution and we have to find the number of integral solutions of modulus 1 minus iota raised to the power x is equal to 2 raised to the power x and as we know if z is any complex number of the form a plus iota b then modulus of z is equal to root over a square plus p square therefore modulus of 1 minus iota will be root over 1 square plus minus 1 square raised to the power x is equal to 2 raised to the power x or root over 1 plus 1 raised to the power x is equal to 2 raised to the power x which further implies that root over 2 raised to the power x is equal to 2 raised to the power x is as possible only if we take x is equal to 0 thus number of non-zero integral solutions to the given equation is equal to 0 so answer is 0 which completes the solution hope you enjoyed it take care and have a good day.


If you've been a subscriber for any length of time, you'll know that I love beer and I'm delighted that brewers, which I consider essential workers, are still hard at work making tasty beer for the masses. But as much as I love beer, I especially love beer from small breweries, which is why I was stoked to recently get my hands on some beer from the good people at Outlaw Brewing in Bozeman, Montana. I love micro brews because anyone who's willing to go to the trouble to open a brewery is out for blood. After all, if it were easy, more people would do it. In the case of Outlaw, starting a brewery meant running $30,000 on a credit card. That is someone who believes in their ideas, and I respect that. Now onto the beer. First up is Goman's Gold. Goman's is a braggat-style ale, which is beer mixed with mead. Mead, if you didn't know, is a centuries-old drink made from fermented honey that my high school self thought was the most delicious thing he had had in his short and experienced life. I've never had a braggat-style ale, so this is new to me. Yeah, definitely get honey on the nose. It's very interesting. Crisp, but not a huge bite. This is made with lemon and ginger, so those are there as well. But there is a slight hot bite at the end. This is nice. I like it. It's not often I get to try styles of beer I've never had before, so this is pretty cool. Next is Patio Pounder, which is a Dry Hop Session Hazy IPA. This one is brewed to remove gluten. Patio Pounder, I like that. At 5%, this is the lightest of the bunch. Oh yeah, the last one was 6.6%. Smells like a hazy. Yeah, all those tropical fruit notes are there. This is a little more bitter than other hazies I've had, and it does lack the body that I'm used to, but it's a session, so it's a lower ABV. It's good, though. And now to a more familiar territory. This is Hopmullet, their IPA. 6.7% ABV. Yup. It smells nice. Not the pine tree explosion you might be expecting when you smell an IPA, but that's a good thing. It usually means the beer is going to be more balanced. Really terrific IPA notes, but it doesn't beat you over the head. I could easily have three, four of these in a row, although at 6.7%, I probably shouldn't. Yeah, this is what an IPA is supposed to be. Last up is Summit Dog Double IPA, clocking in at 8.2% ABV. Really big nose. I'm excited about this one. And now we're talking. IPAs aren't for everybody, but I love them. Citrus, pine, light body, but great finish. Loads of hops. I'm not aware that you can get these anywhere in California, but if beer tourism is your thing, this place is worth visiting. They also team up with local food trucks, and I was looking at my chops looking at pictures on their website. To the good people at Outlaw, please keep it up. You guys rock. And to the rest of you, support independent breweries wherever they may be. If you liked it, it like, consider subscribing if you haven't already. And if there's something you think I should try, let me know in the comments. Stay safe, follow the advice professionals and drink craft beer.


Okay, recording is started. Welcome back to the second lecture and BC212 Christian apologetics. So we've started talking about Genesis chapter one. Let me just pick up some of the questions that have come in the chat. Elisha's question, is it by word of knowledge that Moses wrote to the account of creation? It was given by revelation to Moses. Now Moses was in a very special position in the sense that Numbers chapter 12 verse 3 says that God spoke to Moses face to face. You know, so he says to the other prophets, he spoke in visions, he spoke in dreams, and he spoke in riddles. But to Moses, he spoke face to face. So that's Moses was in a very unique position. As we would see in his life, there were at least two occasions, maybe three, when he was in the presence of God for 40 days continuously.  He was caught up in that glory cloud. For today's God and supernatally sustained Moses. And so those would have been the times when God spoke to face to face and revealed things to him. So that's how we, that's probably the way of communication between God and Moses. Now for us in the New Testament, you know, for us, we receive words of knowledge, we receive visions or dreams and those kinds of things. But the encounter between God and Moses was different face to face. Now, for us, the beautiful thing is it may not be as dramatic, but it's still real because the spirit of God, there's witness with our spirit that we are the children of God. So the Holy Spirit is speaking to us, to every believer in our spirit. He's indwells us. So it may not be as dramatic as getting caught up in a physical mountain with the glory cloud, but yet it is still God speaking. And that's why it's very real. Okay. A few words there. Lash, I hope I answered your question. No. Yes. You did. You did. You put much clarity. Thank you very much. Thank you. So Zalatollah's question is according to the Bible, the earth is around 6000 years to correct. And according to science, it is about 4.5 billion. Why there is so much difference. So Zalatollah, we have to keep in mind a few things. One is man. I mean, scientists are making measurement based on certain criteria. So if you look at, and it is, it is something that can change, you know, for if you actually, if you look, look at the history now of science, there was a time when science thought, okay, even 1000, 5000 years old, then they changed it. Okay, no, a few million years old, then they changed it over a few billion years old. So science keeps changing based on the mode of which they determine the age of something. I'm not saying it is always wrong, but I'm just saying there is a way of calculation which could change. Right. So in fact, I was just yesterday or the day before I was reading, and our most recent article that came out of MIT, where they were a graduate student actually, and of course a team of researchers, but looking at certain pieces of rock that they collected from a certain part of the world, originated, but those were thought to be, you know, like 4 billion years old. But now the students have done some more analysis and no, it cannot, it's actually not that old, and it cannot be, you know, that many, that, you know, three, three and a half billion years old or whatever. So, you know, there's always this research happening and questions coming up. So I'm not saying science is wrong. I'm just saying that the mode of calculation, determination of age could change and there are variations to it. So having said that, for us, for us creationists, that is people believe in God creating the world, there are some things to keep in mind, that is when God creates something, he creates it in an advanced stage so that time is actually compressed. So what may have, you know, taken years, whether it's in millions or billions or whatever time period, it's all compressed in a moment when God in the creative act of God, because God is the source of power. He's the source of the design and all he does is he speaks a word and when God speaks the word, his power and his design come together and create and brings into existence. And at that moment of creation, time, energy, matter are all brought together. So, you know, you can look at it and I just keep simple examples. So God formed man out of the dust of the earth and he breathed into him. Man became a living being. So imagine that moment we look at Adam. Adam was not created like a little baby. He was created as a full, mature, grown man. So that moment when Adam became a living being, if we stood before Adam and God said, you know, how old is he? I don't know, maybe we'd say 30 or 40 or whatever we might say.  But God says, look, he's only one second old, but God created him in an advanced stage. So that's one thing we can say about God's creation. He created everything in an advanced stage. It means what may have, you know, in our minds taken 30 years for Adam to develop. It was one second for God or I would say even less than a second. He just breathed and he became a living being, but he came as an adult, came as a man. So if you think of, and again, here's another example that I just like to make mention of when Jesus turned water to wine. He just said, fill the water pots with water, serve. So in an instant, water became wine. So if you look at the chemistry, water is H2O, wine is a complex mix of, you know, of a certain measure of alcohol and sugar and other compounds are there. So it's all there and it became so the very chemical structure of what was in it changed. God changed it in an instant. And if you really think about it, okay, wine, the natural process may take a long time. So if you have to go blunt a vineyard and wait for the tree to grow and wait for the grapes to come and then crush the grapes and make the juice and put it in the tiara, all that will take, you know, a lot of amount of time. But in an instant, water became wine. So in our natural thinking, so it took so much time to make this wine. But for God, it just wasn't an instant. The point I'm saying is time was compressed. And so today, when, you know, when people measure the earth, or they look at the universe and say the universe is 14 billion years old, or they look at a fossil and they say this fossil was so many million years old.  So that time, I'll use this word, time was dislocated at the moment of creation, or time was displaced at the moment of creation. So literally time equal to zero. But in the creative act of God, time equals so many years was made in was brought together in that instant. So that's how I would explain that when scientists are calculating, you know, age of earth or age of the universe or age of a fossil or age of this and age of that, and say, okay, this is this has to be so many millions. Okay, you know, you're doing a calculation based on whatever measurements we have. But God created everything at one stage, 6000 years ago, almost about 6000 years ago, created at one stage. So whatever time God compressed, we are trying to read it now. And so we come up with, you know, so many millions of years, but God compressed it in that moment is how I would explain it. What do you think? So it's only is that makes you happy? Is it sufficient? Yes. Thank you, Foster. That was very clear. Thank you. All right. So let's go through Genesis chapter one. I'll just highlight a few things and answer some common questions that come up. So in Genesis chapter one, remember, verses one to five, Genesis chapter one is the first day. So on the first day, God creates the heavens, which is the vast expanse of this universe, like he created this empty space, which he was going to fill up with stars and other things. So he creates this heavens, and he creates earth, planet earth. Now, this created a very interesting way because it says, verse two says the earth was without form and empty. Now, in the notes that I've explained, you know, without form means like a desert land. It's waiting to be filled. It's waiting for something to happen without form. And void, void means empty. That's all it means. Now, some people have used verse two to say that because the word empty could mean ruins. Now, the literal meaning of the word empty is empty, but it also could mean ruins. So some people have taken that and then said, okay, the earth was in ruins. Therefore, there was an earth before and God destroyed it because and the earth was covered with water, so they forgot to start it by a flood. Now that is stretching the text and scripture a lot because something doesn't have to be in ruins in order to be empty. It says empty. So let's not read more into that scripture than what is intended. So that basically what it's saying is God created the vast expanse of this universe and the earth in a way that he was going to work on it, right? Not in the sense that he destroyed a previous earth in order to repopulate it. That's reading too much into verse two. So earth was without form. It was empty. And very interestingly, when God created the earth, verse two, he created it with water and there's no harm with that. And God said, when God created it, he decided to create earth, water around it. And he was going to populate all of these things as the rest of the days come about. He was going to populate the earth. He was going to populate the water. He was going to populate the filled the heavens. So basically he's created space. He's created matter that is earth and water and time starts. How does time start? God says, let there be light. Now there was no sun. So the people say, well, where did this light come from? Well, the answer is pretty simple. God himself forced the source of that light. Say, how can you prove it from the Bible? Well, we just have to go to Revelation chapter 21 and also chapter 22. In the new heavens, in the new earth, the Bible says, there won't be any sun, there won't be any moon. But God himself will be the light of the earth. So for eternity to come, starting Revelation chapter 21, for eternity to come, there will be no sun. When God himself will be the light of the earth. So it's very easy to therefore believe that the first three days, there was light without sun because in eternity to come, there will be light without sun. God is the source of that light. So people say, hey, how can you have light without a sun? Very simple. God is the source of the light and that's the way it's going to be in the new heavens and the new earth. So the light was emanating from God and then what God decided to do was he started rotating the earth. So the earth was rotating on its axis, which we know is still happening today. And the earth rotated on full circle, which would be a 24-hour period. And that's the time God said this is going to be day and night. This is going to be day and night. It's going to be one 25-hour period. This is verses four and five. So three things God did on day one. He created space, the last expanse. He created matter, which is the earth and water. Energy came, it was God's own light and time came, which was the 24-hour period. That was day one. Then day two, this is Genesis chapter one verses six to eight. God created the atmospheric heaven. So he separated some of the water that's on the earth. He took some of the water into the heavens. So it doesn't tell us what it looked like, but it seemed like there was this atmosphere around the earth. So there was water around the earth, there was water above the earth. So the water above the earth, he called it as firmament or heavens, what we understand as the atmospheric heavens, in which all the clouds are there. So whether they looked like clouds or whether they looked like some water vapor around it, whatever, there was a layer of water above the earth. So why did God do it? Well, he was preparing things for the water cycle. It's today we know, we know that's how it all happens. Water evaporates, goes up into the atmospheric heaven, condenses become clouds, it comes back as rain. So God was setting things in place. That's day two. Day three. So the earth was fully covered with water and God said, separate the waters and the land. So land was separated, seas were separated. Now, does it mean it was separated half and half or how it was separated? I just think that God would have set up the continents of the land as he desired. So the Bible does tell us that God has set the boundaries of the nation. So obviously God would have had something in mind and there was a separation of water from the land. It doesn't necessarily have to be an exact round half of land and round half of water. It could have separated any way that God had in mind. But there was land, there was water on day three. And then God said, let the land bring forth vegetation. So from the ground, plant life emerged. But remember, in God's creative work, he just spoke the words, whenever he spoke the words, his power and his design caused something to happen. So when he said, you know, let the earth bring forth grass, and herbs, and trees, he already had the design in him. When he spoke his words, there was power, there was design that brought all this into existence. And so all of plant life was created in single day, day three, the earth brought forth. And it is at this time, we see God doing something very interesting. He sets a reproductive process in place. He says, let the trees bring forth fruit and let the fruit have seed in itself. Very interesting. So God already had in his mind that he was going to set, he was going to fill the earth, but he was going to put processes in the earth that are reproducible and just keep on happening. So it's not like every time God wanted some tree, he has said, let there be a tree. No, he spoke once. But in that design, he designed it to be reproductive. So that every tree will bear fruit. In the fruit, there will be seed, and the seed will bring forth after its own kind. So God set this in place, a process, a system in place just to keep on happening. And this is where we see the idea of the DNA, because everything will produce after its own kind. And that kind is maintained by the DNA, like we explained in the earlier class. So the DNA for every kind of plant had its own DNA in the cell. So it will only produce apple tree, produce only apple, orange, only orange, banana, only banana, after its own kind, keep producing. And then vegetation, this is day three, vegetation came, and then God created a garden called the Garden of Eden. He chose a place on the earth called the Garden of Eden. Chapter two describes this, and there were four rivers flowing there. He said, you know, when I make man and woman, I'm going to put them here in this garden. This is where they're going to start. So he got the garden ready. Then day four. It's very interesting. God, these first three days, there were no stars. The light was God himself. And his light was shining upon the earth. So vegetation came before sunlight came. And we know that today vegetation cannot exist without sunlight, most of vegetation, but at that time God's light was enough. That's how it's going to be in the new heavens and the new earth. Anyway, day four comes and now God creates the stars. What does he do? He said, let there be lights. So, because it doesn't mention anywhere else that God created the planets, we could go back to day one and say on day one when God said, in the beginning, God created the heavens. Most likely that vast expanse of space was filled with other planetary bodies. I'm saying most likely because it's not said in the text of the scripture. Just like earth, he may have created many other planetary bodies. On day four, he's filling these heavens with lights, lights we know as stars. So he's creating these stars and he's filling this universe with stars. Let there be lights. Now, what we know is there are literally millions, not even millions, but billions upon billions of stars. So scientists tell us 10 raised to the power of 24, septillion stars.  They're all there. And then this whole universe, as we've studied it, it's made up of many galaxies. So there are about a trillion galaxies in a 10 raised to 12 galaxies or more, we don't know. And then each galaxy has millions of stars and different bodies in them. And so earth is part of a solar system, which is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is only one of the many galaxies in this universe. In other words, what God created was so big, so vast. And he said, let there be lights. All these stars came into place. Now, one of the reasons, this is Genesis chapter one, verses 14 to 19, is one of the reasons he put the stars was 14 says, they are for science, seasons, days and years. So that means it's like a clock system. So what we understand today, we understand those days. Moses didn't know, but today we understand. And as the earth rotates one son is axis, it's day and night. And the earth is also revolving around the sun. When it makes one full revolution around the sun, it's one calendar year. So we know. And every time it goes around the sun, the same seasons repeat in that 12 month period. Now, we have summer or winter, depending on which part of the world, the seasons are repeating Oh, it's winter time. Okay, we know, it's 12 months later. Again, it's winter time.  One of the reasons why he created all the stars. He put everything in place is to be signs for science and seasons, days and years, like a like a clock clock system for planet earth. And by also looking at other stars, we can tell, you know, where we are around in our journey around the sun. So that's one reason he created those stars. And then the Bible talks about verse 16, he made two great lights. Now that word lights is just luminaries, meaning shining bodies. So some people get upset with that. Oh, how can the moon is not a sun? Yes, it's not a sun, but it's a shining body, because it reflects the light of the sun. And so there's nothing wrong. The word there lights simply means luminaries there in verse 16, something that is bright doesn't have to be emanating light of its own. It's just bright. So the sun has light of its own. The moon is reflecting the light. No problem. It's just bright. So it's a luminary. And, and we know that when we are facing the sun, we have light in the nighttime, we see the reflected light of the moon. That's, that's very simple. And verse 16. So that was day four. Day five, God creates on the sea creatures, things in the sea. He creates the words. Here again, very interesting. He says, everything will reproduce after its own kind. So he sets that same process of reproducing process in place in sea creatures, in birds. Then the last day, day six, day six morning, he creates land animals, creates them same thing they reproduce after their own kind. Then he forms man from the dust to the earth. And he breeds it. Man becomes a living being. And he brings man into the garden of Eden. So you've got to take care of this garden or cultivate it, take care of it. Okay. And then he lets man see all the animals and birds that he's created and lets man name them. Now, when we, when we read that we're thinking on Adam is going to see one lion, one bear, one elephant, one bear, one, they're all walking in front of Adam. We imagine that in our mind, but that would have taken a lot of time. Obviously, it didn't happen that way. How did it happen? Well, you can imagine this that in his mind's eye, he could see, he could envision, he could see all these creatures.  And Adam began to call these things by name. So his mind, it shows us the power of the brain that God had given Adam, the mind he had given Adam. Adam was able to recognize these different things and give them name. And he began that journey in the garden of Eden. But God also saw that just having all these creatures around was not satisfying Adam. And he had already designed, determined he was going to make them male and female. Genesis 1.26. So he puts Adam to sleep, takes out a rib, and out of that he forms the female, the woman.   So God on day six towards the end of day six, God blessed Adam and Eve and said, be fruitful, be multiply. But also he said, have dominion on the earth. Subdued, keep it under your control, take care of it. And he put them in the garden. So Genesis chapter one and two described for us day one and day two of creation. Beautiful picture. And then on day seven, God rested. So let's look at some common questions that come up from Genesis chapter one and two. So I will answer some of the questions that were put in the chat first, I mean, that were asked last week. And then I will take up other questions. So Isaac's question, Isaac 1D, his question was, why is man? Okay, let me share that in the chat. Isaac had put this. He had shared this in the class last week. So Isaac's question is, why is man was made and given so much authority to care and control the things in creation, made the image of God, causing so much atrocities in the world by fighting on another, killing one another by actual violence and wars. So as I go, obviously, the answer is pretty straightforward. Remember, in Genesis one and two, man was created in the image of God, was created perfect, he was created sinless. But then sin came into this world. Right? So because of disobedience, God told Adam, don't eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. So disobedience and brought sin into this world. So we can talk about the fall of man. And from then on, sin has caused man to a lot of evil, which includes all these things of fighting and killing violence and wars. So the fall of man is that reason why we have all of these things. I'll also share the questions from John Paul. And we will look at these questions. So John posted these questions last week. Let's go through it. Number one, next question. Earth was without form and void. Earth was, in Hebrews says, higher meaning became. Does the meaning became, is it correct? So let me just take a moment here just to look up my concordants here, the strong concordants here, Hebrews. So let's go to Genesis chapter one. I'm just looking it up here. And we're still the earth was and the earth was higher. So let me just share with you what I'm seeing here. So this is our Esau and the earth was. So the word Hebrew word was is higher. And you see here, it means to exist. That is, be. Or it could also mean become. It means come to pass and so on. It could also mean to break cause and a lot of other things.  The earth existed and the earth was existed. The earth be or you can say it was there at that time. Or it also mean, it could also mean become or come to pass. So the word was, by looking at the strong meanings of those words, is clearly telling us that we don't have to take become. So we have to go by the context. So it means it could mean exist. That means the earth existed without form and void or the word be came into being without form and void. So we can't use that word for us to, you know, first of all, to take one part of the meaning, which is not in the context, you know. So and the earth came to be, basically the context is God created and therefore in the created heavens and the earth and the way he created was without form and void. But we can't take it to mean that it came to pass over time. But it came into existence, came to be because the creative act of God is defined for us in Genesis 1 verse 1. So that's how I would look at that word and understand, understand the first part. Second one, was the earth full of water when created? Yeah, that's correct. So what we see in Genesis 1 verse 2 was the earth itself was without form and void and it was covered with water. So then later on on day two, sorry on day three, God separates the land and the water. Now why did God create it with water around? I don't know, but it is very interesting because water is a miracle. Water is a miracle. You don't find water, at least till now, but never found it on any other planet. And without water, life cannot exist. Plants depend on it, animals depend on it, birds depend on it, humans depend on it. So this thing called water is such a very important resource. And so it's only very, very remarkable that in the very beginning, on day one, earth was created with an envelope of water and then day three he separated it. But water is such an important resource. Number three, yeah, could you explain a bit more on how was a day determined was a day determined before the sun here. So we kind of went through that explanation and based on Genesis chapter one verse four and five God himself was the source of that light and the earth obviously set in rotation on the axis, on its axis. So the completion of one, you know, when there was darkness on one side, that was night, the evening of the night. And when it was day, when it was light, he called it day. So God himself called the darkness as night. We call the light as day and the night and the day put together form one day. So that's explained for us in Genesis one four and five. Question number four, as we understand that God created everything in maturity. Does it mean earth was created even with the phosemes, you see? No, because phosemes came about later on, right? So when the earth was created, the earth itself was mature, but there were no animals there until day four, sorry, day five. Then God created secretures, then he created birds, and then in day six he created land animals. So they came on later. So obviously there were no phosemes all of that time. So what we know about the phosemes is that these animals obviously would have died, were time, man died, animals died, birds died. And so their bones of course were dedicated to the earth. We also know about Noah's flood in Genesis six, which therefore would have distributed sea creatures, land animals, maybe even the birds, across the globe. And that's what people are finding today, that you're finding fossils of animals and other creatures that they actually were moved around the world to distribute around the world because of the flood. So the answer to your question is it came, fossils came on later on, but the animals that were created, the birds that were created were created in an advanced stage with the capability of reproducing. All right, one more question here from Arti Kumar. Since the earth is about 6,000 years old, can we say the beginning of everything is also 6,000 years ago only, and not earlier than that? Answer, at least my position based on the chronology of scripture, the answer to that is yes. I would say yes. Now, I also want to acknowledge that there are a lot of people who have different opinions, right? But my position is, yeah, everything started in Genesis one, one, which was on day one, which was about 6,000 years ago. That's my position. So people would call this position as a young earth creationist or creationist, so on. But I also acknowledge that there are other people, theologians and others, who would say, well, they must have been millions of years before Genesis one, one or millions of years between Genesis one, one and Genesis one, two, or they may have each day actually represents ages, millions of years, or there are millions of years between every day. So there are a lot of other things other people explain. But for me, I just take Genesis one and two debates given. Therefore, it is 6,000 years old, according to calendar time, but I have no problems when God speaks that things come into existence, which are, which in our human terms would have taken millions of years or whatever time we call it, but it came into existence in a moment. So that's how I went. All right. Okay. So John Paul, another question. Is any book you can suggest to refer more on the origin of cosmos, especially for topics we learned this morning? Yeah. So there are. So there are, I guess, if you want to look at it purely from a scientific perspective, of course, there are these other general scientists who talk about the origins of the cosmos like Stephen Hawking and others. And then there are creationists of people who believe in God and creation, who believe in the origin of the cosmos in a different, from a creation perspective, but they also believe in millions of years and so on and so forth. So those would be like a simple example of a name, one of the well-known names, John Lenox is a mathematician and Christian mathematician believer, but he takes the position of millions of years between days so you could read some of his works. And many of these people have websites that you can go to and see where they've written their articles. There is Hugh Ross, that he is a scientist, but he again takes Christian scientist, but he again takes this whole evolutionary process of how the world came into existence. So they read millions of years into Genesis one and two ages and so on. So I find it's pretty unnecessary, but these are famous names or well-known names of people who do this. There's another scientist researcher who talks about this. So these are people who come from that perspective talking about millions and billions of years and how they try to fit it into Genesis and so on. Yeah, but I would, you know, don't confuse yourself with all these people because I think their attempt has been to try to make science and Bible agree, but in the process they have, at least in my opinion, compromised simple explanation of the scripture text. So that's my opinion. Now these are good people, they respect them, they are wonderful, they highly accomplished scientists and they are believers in Jesus and so we respect them, but I think in an effort to accommodate billions of years that they therefore have to, you know, introduce that time period in Genesis one and two and so they do these things. Yeah, so the book Can Science Explain Everything by John Lennox was a good book and he's written some more books on this whole cosmology and so on, so you'll find that useful. Yeah. Okay, so even pause here for today, I appreciate the questions. I hope I, wait a minute, there's some other questions in the notes I wanted to cover. Let's see. That's any more questions. Oh yeah, so there was one question, you know, this is the last one, we're close with this. There's one question was in Genesis chapter one, we have different words used about God's creative work. There is the word create, there is, it says, you know, there are times when it says God created, then there are times it says God made and then there is God formed. So God created, God made, God formed. What is the difference? Well, to create means to bring something out of nothing. So he created, brought into being. To make means to work with what is already there. So God is, you know, rearranging things or putting things where it's supposed to be and so on, so that's making. Now, even when it's making doesn't mean that God is not creating or he's not bringing in design, he's bringing in design, he's bringing in order, he's bringing that into place, but he's also, you know, rearranging things, organizing and forming is talking about God's personal touch, you know, God formed man from the dust of the earth. So God formed. Yeah, it's just something very personal about that work of God.  So we don't want to get too, you know, caught up with the different verbs. It's all the same God who is bringing into existence the things he brought into existence. Okay. Alright, so we'll pause here for today. My thumbs up. Thank you for those good questions. I hope I was able to answer if we have any more questions and always talk about it again. Let's close in prayer so we can get ready for our next class. Anybody could please close in prayer. Let's pray. Heavenly Father, one single Lord, we thank you so much for this beautiful day, Lord. Thank you, Lord, for helping us to know more about your words, Lord. But thank you for Pastor Lord, as Lord, he is helping all of us, Lord. So that Lord, this to come, Lord, we will answer other people, Lord, with love and so that Lord, they will also saved and they will also know that you are the creator of this whole universe. And you have created us with the purpose, Lord. Nothing has comes by accident, Lord, but Lord, you have created everything for a purpose, Lord. We thank you so much for helping us to understand you and your word. In Jesus name I pray, amen. Amen. Amen. Thank you, everyone. God bless you. Have a good break and get ready for your next class. See you again. Bye now. God bless. Thank you, Pastor. God bless. Bless. Bye now.


Because of the new revenue recognition standard allows revenue to only be recorded at the net amount to be realized. We need to learn how to account for the return of goods as well. So let's look at this example. During January we sold goods on account for $200,000 with a cost of $80,000. No sales discounts were offered in this example. The journal entry is pretty straightforward. We debit accounts receivable and credit sales revenue for the amount of $200,000. We also debit costs of goods sold in credit inventory for the cost of $80,000. However most companies experience returns. In this example let's assume that approximately 5% of sales will be returned. We debit sales returns and allowances and credit refund payable for 5% of revenue which in this case is $10,000. We also need to record the estimate of returned inventory at 5% of cost. So we debit estimated returned inventory and credit costs of goods sold for $4,000 the estimated return of goods. Once the month is over we can record the actual amount of returns and correct our estimates. In this example assume that $8,000 of goods were returned. The cost of those goods are $3,200. So we debit refund payable and credit cash for the $8,000. We also debit inventory and credit the estimated return to inventory for $3,200.