In the mounting fury of world conflict, events in the Pacific are taking on ever greater importance. Here is the story of the Pacific and the millions of people who live around this greatest fee. The drama of the people whose destiny is at stake in the Pacific War. Here, as another public service, is the tale of the war in the Pacific and its meaning to us and to the generations to come. The Ainu Outcast of Japan. This is the battle dance of the Ainu. The white, hairy aborigines who occupied the islands of Japan before the Japanese came, who resisted the Japanese for 600 years, and the last remnants of whose race lived today in misery on the forbidding, hard-bitten island of Hokkaido and in its vicinity. This is the battle dance of the Ainu. But the Ainu have long since stopped fighting. Once they were a fighting race, but they have long been subjugated by the Japanese. Under hundreds of years of Japanese suppression, they have degenerated until today they live in squalor and disease and wait only to perish from the earth. The dance is over. It is one of the last vestiges of festivals and ceremonials that once had vital meaning to the Ainu. The dances have gone and seated alone before the shrine is Chief Okunibatsu. He is more than 80 years old. His hair and beard are long and white and curly.  If Chief Okunibatsu could make himself understood, he would say, The Japanese are waiting for us to die. They came here to our islands 2,000 years ago. My people fought them for 600 years with poison arrows and with knives made from the iron of the earth. They have oppressed us. But we still have our language, our customs, our religion. We still have these. When the Japanese had vanquished the Ainu, they regarded them as inferior. The Ainu abyss, they are colored with hair. They live like animals in the woods. The Japanese came to what are now the islands of Japan 1,000 years before Christ. They moved northward, driving the white Ainu before them. Chief Okunibatsu was living in Japan while Japan was closed to the world. In our state of perfection, change is not permitted. He who expresses a new notion or who dares to invent must suffer the penalty of death. The swords of the Japanese were sharp. No person shall weep Japan. No person outside shall ever be permitted to enter Japan. The Ainu were pushed into the northernmost island, Hokkaido. The cold and bleak islands where the Japanese themselves did not wish to live. The fishing rights were sold as confession. Hereafter, the hunting and fishing of your Ainu will be respected. But we live by hunting and fishing. Hereafter, you must have a rightful. We have no money. It is the law. We can no longer catch the large salmon that come up our rivers. You must conform to the law. How can we live? How can we live? The Ainu are natural hunters and fishers. Their livelihood was taken away. Each Ainu family was assigned a small plot of land to cultivate. The Japanese sought to make them farmers. But the Ainu are not farmers. They clung to their traditions and customs. The Japanese banned some of their festivals and ceremonies. They could have pressed the Ainu, but they could not crush out completely their ancient Ainu beliefs. Slowly, over the course of hundreds of years, the Ainu have degenerated. No, the Ainu are not becoming extinct. There were more Ainu today than there were 20 years ago. This is a Westerner. Come to study the unfortunate race. There are about 17,000 Ainu living today. But there is not one pure Ainu among them. Do them have intermarried with the Japanese? Yes. The original Ainu had no Japanese characteristics, whatever. They belong to a different race. You think they are Europeans? They are probably cousins to the Europeans. They don't have the slanting eyes of the Asiatic, but eyes similar to those of the Europeans. Yes, and they have dark skin instead of yellow skin. Yes, sort of olive skin. The men are extraordinarily hairy over most of the body, and the women have thick black hair on the arms and legs.  They have been subjugated by the Japanese until they are little more than outcast animals. Old Chief Okunabatsu sits alone. Looking at him now, you see that even he has some Japanese blood. His hair and beard are long and white. On his head is a crown made of grapevine leaves and the carved head of a bear. The hand is an anow, a willow stick with whittled shavings at its upper end. A symbol held sacred by the anow. The one who does not hold the anow as sacred is an atheist. You look at the anow, and you see that it's merely a small branch of willow with knife flashes into the side near the top so that it looks like a plume. Yet, it is a fetish of the anow. There are many gods. There are gods in the trees, in the streams, in the thunder and lightning, in the hills, in the earth, the sea. If you went into the house of Chief Okunabatsu, you would see an anow stuck into the ashes of the fireplace. This anow is in honor of the goddess of fire. She lives here in the fireplace. She is in the reddest part of the flames. An anow is stuck in the ashes of the fireplace of every anew household. The fire goddess in the fireplace knows all the secrets of the household, even those never expressed. And on judgment day, she will testify for or against everyone in the household. Her word is golden. The anow stuck in the ashes is a gesture to the fire goddess. The anow is of the greatest importance to the anew, and it is related to the way the anew regards his wife. The husband must take care not to antagonize his wife for women are filled with dangerous thoughts. Chief Okunabatsu refers to the anew men whose anow have been hidden or destroyed by their wives. Where is it? Where is my anow? It is gone. It is gone. I have not seen it. But the wife has burned it. I put it here. What has become of it? What has become of it? I have not seen it. Gods will believe I no longer revere them. They will punish me. They will make me sick. They will destroy my reason. They will strike me down. What has become of my anow? I have not seen it. In the anew society, the women are kept ignorant. They do all the menial work. Yet because of their dangerous thoughts, they are respected and feared by their husbands. They are not permitted to participate in religious rituals, but the men treat them with kindness and courtesy. Before I was married, I was equal to any boy my age. Now that I am married, I must bow to my husband's will. You look at the woman and you see that she has what appears to be a moustache. Her upper lip is tattooed. You notice that the tattooing is nearly half an inch wide and that it extends out beyond the corners of the mouth. It was tattooed when she was a child. Build up the campfire. The fire must be hot. It's that quivering while the preparations were made to tattoo her. Is the ash bark soaked in the water? Yes, it is soaked. Then heat it in the pot. Come, help me hang the pot over the fire. Yes. Now while the ash bark is heating, I will fix your lip.  Are you afraid? No.  You? Yes.  Head back. Yes. Is that knife sharp? It will not take long. Do not move now. Be quiet. Do not move.  There. Be quiet. The knife of the tattooer cuts diagonally across the lip. The blood oozes out. There. Now scrape some soot off the pot with your knife. Yes. That is enough. Give me the knife with the soot on it now. Yes. Here. Into the pot.  That's it. That's enough. Now dip this cloth in the barcash water in the pot. Yes. It is hot. Here. Yes. Now we will fix the tattoo and look up. There. There. The little more. Put it with the water of the barcash. That is all. You can go now. For days after the painful operation, the lips are sore. In the succeeding years, more and more tattooing is added until the entire mouth is surrounded by the bluish black tattoo. I am proud of my tattooing. I am in style. Now some day some men will marry me. And now I will have the back of my hand tattooed and have band tattooed around my arms. Chief of the Batu remembers when they iron you on of the gods with a bear festival. To the iron you, the bear is of great religious significance. Through the bleak hills and forests of the island of Hokkaido roam many bear. The iron you call the bear, the superior creature which lives among the mountains. When cubs are brought in, they live in the cage outside. But they are permitted to run free in the house. Sometimes they are suckled at the breast of the housewife. The mighty one is grown too big to run free. Yes. Henceforth we must keep him locked up in the cage. The people of the village and visitors all treat the cage bear with respect. They salute him and treat him with kindness. Hello, Mr. Bear. Come over here to this side, Mr. Bear. You have a fine big bear here. Yes. Come here, Mr. Bear. Here is gingerbread for you. He likes it. Here is more. Eat it. You have placed an outweigh around the outside of the cage so your bear is growing big. He is growing so big that soon we must send him away. Else he may destroy his cage and get out. How old is Mr. Bear now? He is two years old. Soon his time will be here. The time is set for the Bear Festival. There will be a religious ritual and a feast. The Bear Festival is the big event in the lives of the iron hills. The word of the coming festival is spread throughout the village, throughout the hills and over the rushing streams into the depths of the forest. On the day of the new moon, I shall send away a dear little bear to its mother in the mountains. Come and join me, sending the mighty one home through the hills and the forest, the word goes. Bear Festival on the day of the new moon. Bear Festival on the day of the new moon. Bear Festival on the day of the new moon. Bear Festival on the day of the new moon. From the forest and from the hills, and as far as the word of the Bear Festival echoes, the iron hills come. They come in through the valleys, across the rushing torrents, down the sea coast. From the mountain passments, the days early to help in the preparation, the men come with their powerful bows and their poisoned arrows. The chief comes to oversee the preparation. Make new anaheux, place them around the house. Place one anaheux in each corner of the bear cage. Place one in the ashes of the fireplace to honor the goddess of fire. The preparations are done. And now the iron new men are seated around the fireplace. The women are seated behind them. Before the men are bowls of wine, ceremonial bowls.   The chief strokes his long beard. He picks up a bowl of wine before him, raises it high, puts it down on the mat. Now he dips a stick into the wine and lets three drops fall on the heart. We honor thee, O fire goddess. The guests all do as the chief has done. Now they all cross the wine. They repeat the ritual over and over, honoring their many gods. The woman who suckles the bear is in tears. She raises a bowl of wine to her lips and as she drinks, she stokes a tattooed mustache with her index finger. The guests get up and go outside and dance around the cage. Here comes the woman with gingerbread for the bear. Here is gingerbread for you mighty ones. The bear gobbles up the gingerbread.  Now the chief steps forward with a bowl of wine. We salute thee, dear little one. He puts the bowl of wine into the cage. And as the bear sniffs at it, the I knew men step forward and lift some of the heavy lugs of the cage. The loop is around the bear's neck. Hold him a minute until I get another loop around his neck. Hurry, hurry, he's tugging. He's pulling away with just an instant. Hold him. Hold the line tight. Lead him around the circle. The bear is led around, held securely between the men holding the rope. The I knew shoot him with blunt arrows. Who is for you mighty ones? For you mighty ones. The arrows do not break the skin, but they taunt the bear. They hurt and infuriate him. More and more blunt arrows are shot at the bear as he is led around, struggling. The dance goes on. The mighty ones to the stake. Right against the stake in a sitting position. The mighty one is ready. Father in the mountains is done. A poisoned arrow is shot into the heart of the bear. Now the woman approaches.  She places them before the dead bear. Almighty ones, I hang the sword and quiver about your neck. The hunter, who has shot the poisoned arrow, gently places the sword and the quiver around the dead bear. We salute thee, our gods, and beg thy favor. The chief lifts the bowl of wine placed before the bear, swaps of it, puts it down, drops three drops on the ground. The seer has gone to join his mother in the mountains. The bear is now called the seer. For now the soul of the bear has gone to heaven. Music It has been many years now since we have held a bear festival. The Japanese do not permit us to have them. The Japanese have vanquished us because we were not strong, because we were divided people, because we did not join together as one people against them. Down through the years, the Ainu have lived in villages, each governed by a chief. Each village independent of the other villages. The elders of the village chose the chief, and he was the law. The messenger has not returned from the village by the river chief Okunabacho. You sent the messenger fully informed? Yes, I won. I informed him of the death of Katantu in the village by the river, for his death. They know Katantu was of our village? Yes, he had walked through the village by the river many times. They had complained that Katantu had not taken off his hat when last he walked through their village, had they not? Yes, it is the law. Could it be that they have seized upon this as an excuse to kill Katantu? I do not know, I won. Chief Okunabacho! The courier returns from the village by the river chief Okunabacho. What word do you bring, courier? Have they found the one who killed Katantu? The chief of the village by the river says that Katantu killed himself. Is this possible, my advisor? Katantu was stuck down from the back. His life was taken by others. Then courier, the people who live in the village by the river have made no amends for the death of Katantu? The chief says that no man in his village is guilty. But that Katantu came to their village and killed himself. Advisor, you will call the elders and prepare the men of our village to war on the village by the river. This is my word. Of the village of Chief Okunabacho, the ironing moved through the forest, over the mountain paths and down to the village by the river. With bows and poisoned arrows, with swords and knives, they crept through the woods down upon the village. Leading them into battle was Chief Okunabacho. Slay them with your weapons. Find the one who killed Katantu and bring him back to our village. Now! To the attack! Chief Okunabacho and his men brought back to their village the ironing they believed to be the murderer of Katantu. He was tried in the open, in the street of the village, found guilty. Early American missionaries stood by and watched the punishment. Good heavens! Are they going to beat him to death? No. The ironing would know that if they kill him, he escaped suffering. I've never seen anything like this. Laying a man up at the hair and beating him, but he swings there. And this is not all that he is going to get. Don't you think we ought to intercede for him? Well, do know good. These Ainu are punishing this murderer in their own way. Are those specially made clubs they're beating him with? Yes. They are carved especially for this purpose. If they don't stop soon, the man will be dead. They know how much he can endure. They've stopped. They're going to cut him down. Notice the nose of the man. They can hardly see it. He's got his head down. Now take a look at his nose. Why, it looks like it's been slipped and he's healed up again. That's exactly what's happened. That shows that he's been convicted of stealing and that he's been punished by having his nose slept.  That one? Well, that's the one that's going to name him. Name him Good Heavens. In the name of humanity, we ought not to stand by and hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Don't be foolish. This is their problem. What's he doing to the man's feet? Perhaps you'd better not see this. Let's go back to our scene. No, no. What's he doing to that man? He's cutting the tendons over his feet. He's cutting every one of them that men will never be able to walk again. That is what they intend. For the rest of his life, he will have to drag himself around crawling on his hands and knees. I know you see, make sure that a murderer lives to suffer all the days of his life. The body of the murdered Katanzu was covered and brought back. Chief Okunabatsu gave the order for its burial. He will bury the body of Katanzu in the secret place over the distant hill. Katanzu's spirit lives today and will leave around the grave and the hill where his body is buried. He will keep secret the exact place you bury Katanzu's body and henceforth, no man shall ever visit the grave nor ever again speak Katanzu's name. Katanzu is no more. As Katanzu's body is hidden from the world, so are the remnants of the pagan race, the Ainu. The Japanese have assigned Japanese names to the Ainu in place of their own. They have undertaken to Japanese their lives. They have intermarried with the Ainu and gradually the Ainu are disappearing. But the ancient superstitions, philosophy, religion and language are little changed. My duty is to do the farm work and to care for the home and to care for the children and to do the weaving. Once, the Ainu male provided for the family by hunting and fishing. Looked out for their spiritual welfare by taking part in religious rituals. Descended them by going into battle against the enemy. The woods were green and lush and the trees were tall and strong. The streams were friendly for they gave us great fish and in the hills in the forest were many bears. The main home of the Ainu is still in Hokkaido. But today the Ainu are beset with disease and poverty. Hokkaido is like the bleak sub-artic lands cold and filled with snow much at the time. Hokkaido is no longer the cherished homeland of the Ainu. It is their last retreat. Though some of them still live in other sparse lands in the vicinity. Today, the Japanese say what we shall hunt and fish. We must live as the Japanese say we must live for years. Medical men and missionaries and scientists travel to Hokkaido to study the Ainu. So these are the hot springs, are they? Yes, they were developed by the Japanese years ago. But I don't see any Ainu around here. Once the Ainu occupied this entire country they retreated up here when the Japanese pushed them northward. But when the Japanese saw the possibilities of these hot springs they moved in here too. Well, where did the Ainu go? They retreated further up the river. Up into the interior. The Japanese have made this a modern resort, haven't they? Yes, but here again the Ainu have been driven out of the undesirable places into the undesirable places. Do you mind taking us up into the interior where they are? Up the river along an ancient path up a valley dense with undergrowth they went. Over rugged trails deeper into the interior of Hokkaido to a village of Ainu along the banks of the river. Can we go into this house? There probably would be no objection. The poverty was lack of cleanliness. Yes, but look at the woven mat on the floor. How well they are made. You see there is the sacred east window. There is only one window in the Ainu houses and it's always in the east. What is that? Standing there by the window. A pore with a skull of some kind on top of it. That's the skull of a bear. And you see, there are their envelopes stuck in various places. See the one in the ashes of the fireplace. Yes. What is that?  Each one of those honors some deity of the Ainu. This is like visiting a world that by all the rules of progress should have passed away thousands of years ago. Let us go out and have a look at some of the Ainu themselves. Yes, we should find some of them around the other houses. Around the scattered houses of the village are a few Ainu. The women are at work. The men are doing nothing but passing the time. Most of them are very old. The hardiest of the race or the very young, the newborn who have not yet been cut down by disease. There are few young men and young women and still fewer middle aged ones. The plight of these people is pitiful. Doesn't the Japanese government do anything for these people? Very little. There are some schools for the children and they have the plots of ground to work but that is about all. Once they were a race of hardy hunters and fishers but they have even forgotten these skills. All of them seem to have some Japanese characteristics. Yes, all of them have some Japanese blood. The original Ainu didn't have slant eyes nor yellow skin.  Disease, yes. In this village there are some big families, eight and nine children. So it appears that the Ainu are increasing in number but actually the Ainu blood is running low. Year by year the race is deteriorating. Some things should be done for their health. They cannot be left to die like this. Actually the Ainu race, the pure race, has already died and these last remnants are now on their way to extinction. You have been listening to The Pacific Story presented by the National Broadcasting Company and its affiliated independent stations as a public service to clarify events in the Pacific and to make understandable the cross currents of life in the Pacific Basin. For a repeat of this Pacific Story program send 10 cents in St. Thor coin to University of California Press, Berkeley, California. We repeat, for a reprint of this Pacific Story program send 10 cents in St. Thor coin to University of California Press, Berkeley, California. The story is written and directed by Arnold Marquess. The original musical score was composed and conducted by Thomas Palusso. Your narrator, Gaine Whitman. This program came to you from Hollywood. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


So you need to apply all your maps right now not a problem click the principle hold control shift and T Select all your maps into you're done Congratulations consider your maps applied quick note This only works if your textures are named with the proper keywords You can find out what those keywords are about going into edit Preferences add-ons type in mangler and under edit tags you can type in your own or you can change them hope that helps Thank you so much for watching if you enjoyed this video Please don't forget to like and subscribe. Hope you have a fantastic day, and I'll see you around


Welcome back we are studying the Legendre symbol which we have defined in particular to study quadratic residues modulo n. So, the Legendre symbol definition was somewhat complicated it was defined with respect to a given odd prime p and whenever we are given any natural number n or indeed any integer n then we compute this Legendre symbol to be 0, 1 or minus 1. We define it to be 0, 1 or minus 1 depending on whether p divides a and in the remaining cases we will take p to be not dividing a and then the Legendre symbol is 1 when a is a square modulo p and minus 1 when a is not a square modulo p. So, this is the way we have defined our Legendre symbol but in the last lecture in the very last slide we proved a result which is a very remarkable result which we have here on our slide which tells us that the Legendre symbol a by p can be computed simply by computing a particular power of a modulo p. So, all we have to do is to compute this power of a go modulo p and then we are done. So, for instance if you were to compute some Legendre symbol of a number a modulo some prime which is moderately high then you would have to only compute this particular power which is also not a very difficult thing for computer to compute. You know what a computer typically can do very easily is that it can compute squares of elements quite easily. So, whenever we are given any alpha in say some up then a computer would be able to compute alpha square for you and of course this is something that we can use to compute all squares but that would be too huge if your prime is very big then writing q p element wise will be very difficult. So, instead what we are going to do is that once we have this element a we will compute a square we will be able to compute square of a square which will give us a to the 4 we will be able to compute a to the 8, a to the 16 and so on as required. And after this if we wanted to compute a certain power of a you have to simply take product of certain elements from this sequence. For instance if your p was 23 and then you have that p minus 1 by 2 is 11 then you have to take a raise to 8 into a square into a the product of these three elements will give you a to the 11. So, you have to compute a compute the square compute it square and compute a power 8 and then take the product of these three that will give you a power 11 right away by doing these small computations. So, 1, 2, 3 and then 4, 5 in four computations you would have computed a power 11. So, this is the way we are going to do the computations of course, here we will do the computations by hand we will not be doing them using any computer but we are going to follow the same method. So, let us see some examples we want to say let us say that we want to compute this Legendre symbol a by p where a is 5 and p is 23 the same thing that I had told you about earlier. So, this Legendre symbol we know is 5 power 11 modulo 23. So, to do this computation we will compute these powers of 5 we have 5 we have 5 square which is 25 and therefore modulo 23 this is equal to 2 then we compute 5 to the 4 which is square of 2. So, that quantity is 4 and further we compute 5 power 8 which is 4 square. So, this is 16 and therefore 5 power 11 for us is 5 power 8 into 5 square into 5. So, this is 16 into 2 into 5. So, 16 into 2 into 5 16 into 2 is 32 which modulo 23 is 9. So, we have 9 into 5 which gives you 45 and now we see that this is congruent to minus 1 modulo 23. So, our answer is that the Legendre symbol of 5 with respect to 23 is minus 1. So, we do not have to check whether there are we do not have to compute the 11 squares modulo 23 and then observe that 5 does not figure in any of those 11 the in that set consisting of those 11 elements and therefore 5 must be a non-square and hence its Legendre symbol is minus 1. This is the calculation which we avoid by using this formula that the Legendre symbol of a by p is simply a certain power of a modulo p. Let us do one more computation where a is 6 and p is 31. Let us do this computation where we are going to use both the results 2 of the results that we have proved earlier and those results will be used in the following way. So, we first observe that the Legendre symbol of 6 with respect to 31 is the product of these two Legendre symbols because we can write 6 as 2 into 3. So, we will have that the Legendre symbol of 6 is the product of the of the Legendre symbols of 2 and 3 and now we will need to compute the 2 power 15 and 3 power 15 remember 31 minus 1 by 2 is 15. So, we will also use so the 2 results that we are going to use here are the following that a b by p is a by p into b by p and we will also use this result that a by p is congruent to a to the power p minus 1 by 2 modulo p. So, in UP if we do the computations then we are going to simply have to compute the 15th power of each a. So, we will need to compute 2 power 15 and then we will also need to compute 3 power 15. So, let us begin with the computation of 2 power 15 as we have observed in the previous slide also the 15th power is simply the product of these 4 quantities. Here 2 is simply 2, 2 square is 4, 2 to the power 4 is the square of 4. So, that is 16 and further 2 to the power 8 is the square of 16. So, we get 256 but among these we will have to look at them modulo 31. So, when you look at it modulo 31 16 into 2 gives you 32 which is only 1. So, you are left with 4 into 256, 256 is 2 raise to 8. So, that is 2 raise to 5 into 2 raise to 3 and 2 raise to 5 is 32 and 2 raise to 3 is 8. So, this is again 32 square 32 into 32 and so this is simply congruent to 1 modulo 31. So, 2 is actually a square modulo 31. You can also think of it in the following way that when you compute the square of 8 that is 64 and 64 is 2 modulo 31 because 62 is a multiple of 31 you remove that from 64 and you get the number to be 2. So, 2 is a square modulo 31. So, the Legendre symbol for 2 by 31 is indeed 1. Now, we need to compute the Legendre symbol for 3. So, 3 power 15 will be 3 into 3 square which is 9 into 3 power 4 which is 9 square 9 square is 81. But 81 is between 62 and 93 these are the multiples of 31 and it is closer to 93. So, we will write this as minus 12. 81 plus 12 gives you 0 modulo 31. So, 81 is minus 12 and then we need to compute the square of the earlier number. So, earlier number being minus 12 its square is 144 but 144 is 124 plus 20 and therefore modulo 31 these numbers are simply 20. Now, when you compute the product of the 20 into 3 you get 60 and 60 is minus 2. When you compute the product of 9 and minus 12 you get minus 108. But once again you will take away 93 from 108 to get this as minus 2 into minus 15 and finally you get 30 which is congruent to minus 1 mod 31. So, we therefore get that these numbers are 1 into minus 1 and therefore the final answer is minus 1. So, we can compute the Legendre symbol of 6 by 31 quite easily. Otherwise taking the 15th power of 6 that also would be a very difficult quantity that would be a very difficult computation to do. And if you were to look at all the squares modulo 31 you would have to compute squares of all elements or at least half of them and you would have gotten 15 elements and then you would have realized that 6 does not figure in them and therefore 6 is a quadratic non-residue. But this computation alone has reduced our number of computations very much and to a manageable number. This is how we are going to do the computations but we would like to have further formally. Suppose I were to look at the quadratic residue of 2 modulo each prime. Do I have to compute this power every time or is there a simpler formula telling me that if the prime is of this form then 2 is a quadratic residue and if the prime is of that form then 2 is not a quadratic residue. Is there a formula like this? Yes, there is a nice such formula. This is part of what are called the quadratic reciprocity laws. So we will go towards proving them but note one of the simplest possible laws from here which is that from the previous theorem that we have proved when you take a to be any integer we have noted that the residue symbol the Legendre symbol a by p is congruent to a power p minus 1 by 2 modulo p and therefore when you take a equal to minus 1 we get this particular result. So we get that minus 1 over p is congruent to minus 1 to the power p minus 1 by 2.  So when you have plus 1 here you should have plus 1 here because minus 1 sub p equal to 1 if and only if the other side gives you 1 because if this were 1 and this were minus 1 then you would have that the difference of 1 and minus 1 being 2 is divisible by an odd prime which is not possible. So here because the numbers are 1 and minus 1 the differences can be 0 or 2 or minus 2 therefore since p is an odd prime the difference is only allowed to be 0. So instead of congruence we have an exact equality on the nodes we can compute the Legendre symbol of minus 1 with respect to any prime simply by observing whether p minus 1 by 2 is even or not. So here we will of course see a formula for 2 also but I will just let you that this is 1 if and only if p minus 1 by 2 is even. So this is true if and only if we know that p is congruent to 1 modulo 4 among the primes which are odd p is either congruent to 1 modulo 4 or it is congruent to 3 modulo 4. So whenever p is congruent to 1 modulo 4 minus 1 is a quadratic residue and whenever p is congruent to 3 modulo 4 minus 1 is a quadratic non residue. Now what we do is to find a result for computing the Legendre symbol of 2 with respect to an odd prime p and this is that beautiful result. So the earlier page that we have seen this is called the first part of the quadratic reciprocity law. The result for 2 is called the second part of the quadratic reciprocity law. So this will tell you that 2 is a square modulo p if and only if p is congruent to plus 1 or minus 1 modulo 8. So all you have to observe is what is left for p once you go modulo 8. If what you are left with is 1 or minus 1. So for instance if you were to take p equal to 31 then we know that 31 is congruent to minus 1 modulo 8 because once you divide by 8, 8 into 3 is 24 and 7 is left or 8 into 4 is 32 and therefore you have minus 1 and then by this result 2 has to be a quadratic residue. So this way we can reduce our computations further once we prove this result. The proof of this result is also quite nice. So I request you to pay close attention to this proof. The proof is given in the following way. So we observe that 1 is congruent to minus 1 into p minus 1 mod p and 2 is congruent to minus 1 square into 2 mod p. 3 is congruent to minus 1 cube into p minus 3 mod p and so on. So if you observe this carefully what we are doing on this side is that we are writing all the elements which are up to p minus 1 by 2. So our last number here would be p minus 1 by 2 congruent to minus 1 to the power p minus 1 by 2 and here we would have p plus or minus 1 by 2. So I will explain what we are looking at. The elements on the left hand side are all the numbers up to p minus 1 by 2. So these are exactly half the numbers that we are writing on the left hand side and on the right hand side observe that p is odd. So this is even 2 is an even quantity p minus 3 is even because p is odd so on up to this. So we will choose the sign here whether it is p plus 1 by 2 or p minus 1 by 2 depending on when we get the even quantity.  So observe that p plus 1 by 2 is even if and only if a very simple statement p minus 1 by 2 is odd. So when I have p plus 1 by 2 here this is going to be minus 1 because it is minus 1 to the power and odd number and I am indeed going to get minus of p plus 1 by 2 to be p minus 1 by 2 modulo p and if p plus 1 by 2 is odd or in other words if p minus 1 by 2 is even so if we choose the minus sign here then of course this will become plus 1 because it is minus 1 to the power and even quantity. So here we have on this side we get all the even numbers which are also less than p.  On the left hand side we have all the numbers up to p minus 1 by 2 so if I were to take product on the left hand side I will get p minus 1 by 2 factorial sides to get p minus 1 by 2 factorial this is going to be congruent to on the right hand side you remember that there were minus 1 to the power 1 plus 2 plus 3 plus dot dot dot up to p minus 1 by 2 this was the sign on the right hand side and then we had product of all even numbers up to p minus 1 and therefore we had these to be 2 power p minus 1 by 2 into p minus 1 by 2 factorial. So the product on the right hand side of all even numbers these are given by so these are given by the 2 times the each of these being an even is given by 2 times i where you have i up to p minus 1 by 2 and of course you will start from 1 the value for i will start from 1 and it will go up to p minus 1 by 2. So there is a 2 which you can take common from each of the terms on the right when you take the product. So the 2 will come p minus 1 by 2 times and then what is left is simply 1 into 2 into 3 up to p minus 1 by 2 and that is the p minus 1 by 2 factorial. So we have the equality of these things modulo p but then we observe that these 2 numbers can be cancelled out because these are both non-zero and 2 to the p minus 1 by 2 is either 1 or minus 1. So we will just multiply it to that number by itself and we have it on the other side. So we have 2 to the p minus 1 by 2 being congruent to minus 1 and this is a an arithmetic progression and I leave it to you to figure out that its product is really p square minus 1 by 8. So this sum is really p square minus 1 by 8 mod p but since both sides are plus or minus 1 and p is odd this is equal to the Legendre symbol 2 by p but since p is odd for 2 by p and minus 1 to the power p square minus 1 by 8 we get an equality. So this allows us to compute the Legendre symbol for the integer 2 with respect to any odd prime and now this is exact this is going to be 1 exactly when p square minus 1 by 8 is an integer it is an even integer and therefore this is true only when p is plus or minus 1 modulo 8 and this is the way we get our final formulae and so the only thing that now remains to compute is to compute the Legendre symbol of an odd prime with respect to an odd prime. So what we are going to do in that case is to try to reduce the computations to smaller number using a certain reciprocity. If q is another odd prime then we will see how to relate the quadratic the Legendre symbol q by p to the Legendre symbol p by q and that way we are going to reduce this computation further. So we will do this in the next lecture see you and till then thank you.


Play fake Rothless burger. He's grabbed. He is But do pre ha ha has seen it before ha ha six on third down Jones in trouble With a 50 and 22 record through the years And look out as they sat for the Nico Autry So Stafford looking downfield couldn't find anybody open and takes a sack back to the 46 yard line Simeon looks left comes back to the middle in trouble Feeling some heat hit Harold


Hello David Digger Hernandez here and you are watching Spirit Church on the Encounter TV Network. The scripture declares, but ye shall receive power after the Holy Spirit has come upon you and you'll be my witnesses. You see the Holy Spirit is the key to the power-filled Christian life, but many want to know how do I receive the Holy Spirit? How do I receive Him in my life and in my ministry? I'm gonna tell you how, but first Stephen Moctezuma is here with me. He's gonna lead you in some anointed worship, and then we're gonna get right into this message. It's going to bless you here is Stephen Moctezuma. I sing praises to your name. I often receive messages from people who want to know how do I receive the Holy Spirit? They tell me, brother David, I know what the Holy Spirit can do. I know who the Holy Spirit is. I know how important it is to have His power, but how do I receive Him in my life? How do I activate that power in my ministry, in my everyday living? I want to experience the presence of the Holy Spirit. How do I do that? Well I'm gonna share with you a truth and this is perhaps one of the most liberating truths concerning the Holy Spirit that I could share with you. And I know that when I discovered this truth it set me free and it caused me to go from religious thinking and fearful living to righteous thinking and faith thinking and powerful living. This was the difference right here, but I'm gonna read the portion of Scripture Romans chapter 8 verses 9 through 16 and in this portion of Scripture we find this truth that will liberate you. The Scripture declares, but you are not controlled by your sinful nature. You are controlled by the Spirit if you have the Spirit of God living in you. And remember that those who do not have the Spirit of Christ living in them do not belong to Him at all. Now that's key, we're gonna come back to that in a moment.  The Spirit of God who raised Jesus from the dead lives in you. And just as God raised Jesus Christ from the dead, He will give life to your mortal bodies by this same Spirit living within you. Therefore, dear brothers and sisters, you have no obligation to do what your sinful nature urges you to do. For if you live by its dictates, you will die. But if through the power of the Spirit, you put to death the deeds of your sinful nature, you will live. For all who are led by the Spirit of God are children of God. So you have not received the Spirit that makes you fearful slaves. Instead, you have received God's Spirit when He adopted you as His own children. Now we call Him Abba Father. For His Spirit, this is so beautiful, for His Spirit joins with our Spirit to affirm that we are God's children. And since we are His children, we are His heirs. In fact, together with Christ we are heirs of God's glory. But if we are to share His glory, we must also share His suffering. Now this portion of Scripture has so much powerful truth packed into it. But I want to pull out just the theme that you belong to God because you have the Holy Spirit within you. In fact, the Scripture says that if people don't have the Spirit of God within them, that they don't belong to God at all. You've heard it said everyone is the child of God. But the Scripture declares that only those with the Holy Spirit actually belong to Him. So what is the liberating truth that I want to pull from this portion of Scripture? The liberating truth I want to pull from this portion of Scripture is this. If you put your faith in Jesus, if you're hearing this message right now and everything in you desires the things of God and you want to know how to receive Him, you want to know how to receive that fresh baptism, you want to know how to receive His gifts, His power, His presence.  That you have already received the Spirit of God is a liberating truth for the believer. Now, the question then comes, well then if I already have Him, why am I not seeing the manifestation of the things described in Scripture? It's quite simple. 1 Thessalonians chapter 5 verse 23 says, Now may the God of peace himself sanctify you completely. And may your whole spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. Now, there are many truths I can pull from this portion of Scripture too. But from that one verse we find that you are body, soul and spirit. Your spirit is your communication with God.  And your physical body is your earth suit. It's also the temple of the Holy Spirit. So your body can be holy even as your spirit and soul are sanctified. But here we see that man exists as body, soul and spirit. Now you are not your body, you are not your soul.  And Jesus said in John chapter 7 verse 38, He who believes in me, as the Scripture said, From His innermost being will flow rivers of living water. In other words, the Holy Spirit works from the inside out. You've already received Him in your spirit. It's just a matter now of releasing Him into your soul and into your body. Now how do you do that? You surrender to the Holy Spirit. And I just taught on this, how to surrender to the Holy Spirit, which is another lesson you should look up. But here I want to focus in on just this truth that you have already received Him. He already dwells in you. First Corinthians chapter 6 verse 17 says, But the person who is joined to the Lord is one spirit with Him. There are not two natures within you. There are not two identities within your being.  You do not have two spirits in you. You have one spirit in you and your spirit has become one with the Holy Spirit. It's a divine union. It's a holy fellowship. It's this place of deep surrender where you've stepped into this oneness with God through fellowship with the Holy Spirit. So since you have this already, since you're already one with Him, since all the peace, all the love, all the joy, all the power that could ever be available already resides in you, then it's a matter of not receiving Him but releasing Him. And this is the truth that can set you free to know that you already have the Spirit of God, to know that all the power of heaven dwells in you. The scripture declares in 1st John chapter 4 verse 17, Herein is our love made perfect that we may have boldness in the day of judgment because as He is, so are we in this world. We are one with the Father. We are one with the Son. We are one with the Spirit. We walk in that place of unity. So as I said, it's about getting what's within you to come without. Now the enemy works from the outside in. The enemy works through temptation, through the world, through what you see, through what you hear, and he tries to permeate your being through entering in from the outer life. But the Holy Spirit does just the opposite. First, he comes as a seed planted in your spirit, but he comes in fulness. He comes in power. The same Spirit that raised Christ from the dead dwells in you. The same Spirit who was upon the apostles dwells in you. The same Holy Spirit who moved David, the psalmist to write poetic stands as a worship, dwells in you. The same Holy Spirit who was like fire in the prophet's bones dwells in you. The excellent Spirit in Daniel. The Spirit of God who hovered above the face of the deep in the book of Genesis. The Holy Spirit who gave dreams to Joseph. This same Holy Spirit, the one who was with the early church, the one who was with the apostles, the one who inspired revelation in John to where he penned this book that gave us apocalyptic imagery and magnificent insight into the glory of God. He dwells in you. You already have him. The question is not, do you have him? The question is, does he have you? The question is not, how do I receive more of the Holy Spirit? The question is, how does he receive more of you? The Holy Spirit is not deposited in portions for the eternal cannot be divided. When the Holy Spirit comes, he comes in fulness and in power. All that he was is or ever shall be dwells in you now. He is not a reward for the super spiritual. He's the only chance that any of us ever have at being spiritual. And he has come to dwell in you today.  Otherwise, why would you desire to do so? Otherwise, why would you have desire to give your life to Jesus? You have the Holy Spirit. Now, surrender is the key. Everything he is, you have. Everything he is, you are too. And he desires to make you like Jesus. He desires to make you godly. How do you receive the Holy Spirit? You already have him. The question is, how do you release him to work in your life? From the inside out, it's surrender.  All the faith, all the power, everything dwells in you now, right this moment. And it's a well that needs to be dug. And this is why Jesus said, out of your innermost being out of your spirit will flow rivers of living water from your spirit to your soul to your body to be made manifest in your everyday life. This is the reality of the spirit. You already have him. I want to pray with you now. And I'm going to ask that the Holy Spirit would release his power in your life from the inside out, that he would transform you from the inside out. All you have to do in this moment now, you don't need to beg. You just need to ask. You don't need to strive or fight or struggle. You just need to surrender. So in this moment now, the power of the Holy Spirit is going to flow and he's going to touch your life right now. Believe with me, Father in the name of Jesus. I pray for that one receiving this prayer now. And I ask you Holy Spirit to overcome that one. Overwhelm us in the rivers of living water. We want to be washed away in the river. We yield ourselves to you. I want you right now just to lift your hands. Receive this. There's power here. It's a Holy Spirit. I yield my life. My being to you in the name of Jesus. I thank you Father for your power now flowing and I give you the glory in Jesus' name. I want you to say it because you agree say Amen. Well that is it for the lesson. I want to welcome now the new members of Spirit Church. There you are up on the screen. We love you. We're praying for you. I always say that because I always mean it. If you'd like information on how you can join the Spirit family then go to davidhernandezministries.com slash Spirit Church and join the Spirit family today. Now over 6,000 members strong from all around the world. You'll get an email from us with the brand new teaching every single week, a brand new worship song from Steven Mock the Zuma and you can reply to that email for prayer support from our ministry staff. So join the Spirit family today. It's 100% free. I want to read now your comments from my video how to activate the anointing. Now if you'd like me to potentially read your comments in the coming weeks then go ahead and leave a comment in the comment section below and if you enjoy the content don't forget to subscribe and when you subscribe be sure to click the notification bell so that you can be made aware of when our new content is released. I want to read your comments now from how to activate the anointing. Rickus Kruger writes, I started watching your sermons lately and they have truly touched and taught me amazing things about Holy Spirit anointing gifts of the Spirit. I love all of it. It's really amazing. I am already a born-again Christian but there is always room to grow and I believe you have helped me with that. Well I do believe this is the Holy Spirit channel. You notice that many of my teachings are on the Holy Spirit, prayer, the presence of God, miracles, faith. These are the topics I love and by the way I noticed a lot of people calling him Holy Spirit. I prefer to call him the Holy Spirit because as you know we are one spirit with him. So my spirit is holy. I'm a Holy Spirit.  He is the Holy Spirit. Coach Miranda writes, Hello you know I just discovered you today while I was browsing on Facebook. I saw a video where you were asked to talk about the Holy Spirit. I got intrigued and I did research on YouTube. This is the result of my findings. I'm so honored to know you actually exist and I am already a member of Spirit Church.  God bless you. Well God bless you and thank you for joining the Spirit family. Thalbr 9 writes, Thank you for this timely message. I was on the verge of giving up and I had a dream of a father who never left his son but was always near despite his son always complaining. I've been trying to do ministry on my own strength and was feeling burnt out. May God enlarge your territory and bless you mightily in Jesus' name. And Sophia DeBolt writes, This was such an awesome teaching I felt to speak to me so much and has caused me to look at my life of faith differently. I can't wait to see where God takes me and I just want to thank all of you for helping me with my faith. If it wasn't for your teachings, I wouldn't have the relationship with Jesus that I have right now. That's beautiful. Thank you so much and I hope that the Lord will continue to use your ministry to help others. Sophia, nothing brings me more joy than to know this ministry is helping others grow in Christ. That is, that just blesses me beyond words. And really Sophia is one example of the thousands who are impacted by this ministry every single month. Did you know I preached the gospel to about two to three million people every single month on average? And it's your support that enables us to keep doing this. Look, you've been watching the content, you've been getting blessed by it. Now is the time to support. Support today through a one-time gift or monthly gift. Become my partner on a monthly basis. Your support will help us continue to do media and events and continue to spread the gospel all around the world and build the believer. We like to keep our events free. We like to keep the media free because Jesus said freely receive freely give and he funds the gospel, the kingdom work through people like you. This is what the scripture says in Romans chapter 10 verse number nine.  We know that. That's powerful.  As the scriptures tell us anyone who trusts in him will never be disgraced. Verse 14 says but how can they call on him to save them unless they believe in him? And how can they believe in him if they have never heard about him? How can they hear about him unless someone tells them? And how will anyone go and tell them without being sent? That is why the scriptures say how beautiful are the feet of messengers who bring good news. Send me to the nations. Send me to preach the gospel. We want to win souls. We want to build believers. Become my partner at 30 dollars or more a month and I will send you either carriers of the glory 25 truths about demons in spiritual warfare or encountering the Holy Spirit in every book of the Bible. That will be my gift to you an initiation gift for you becoming my partner. Just a special thanks. But do a gift today of any amount one time or monthly. Some of you can do large one time. Some of you can do small one time. Some of you can do large monthly. Some of you can do small monthly. But whatever you do do it today. Do it and send me to the nations. Do it and help me preach the gospel of Jesus Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit through events and media. Well that is it for this edition of Spirit Church here on the Encounter TV Network. Until next time remember nothing is impossible with God. Thank you for watching Encounter TV. Don't forget to subscribe. Also help me win souls by spreading the gospel through events and media. 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Coming up on DTNS, Apple may stop bundling headphones with their iPhones, why new U.S. trade rules might not affect Huawei at all, and can AI help us find a vaccine? This is the Daily Tech News for Wednesday, May 20, 2020, in Los Angeles, I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. Salt Lake City, I'm Scott Johnson. And I am the show's producer, Roger Chang. We've had a wide-ranging good day internet today. If you want to hear us talk about Patrick Beja's accent, A&W root beer, ice cream and more, get that wider, expanded show at patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Xiaomi reported Q1 revenue rose 13.6 percent, beating expectations. The company says smartphone production in China has largely resumed and demand has rebounded. Sales rose thanks to rising prices for 5G phones and growing overseas sales as well. Speaking of phones, Verizon is turning on 5G uploads in some of its 5G coverage area. That means Verizon 5G customers will see uploads that are 30 percent faster than LTE. Up until now, Verizon's 5G service only delivered 5G for download and still used LTE for its uploads. AT&T is rolling out actual 5G, but of course, as we've talked about on this show, also calls their LTE 5G or 5G evolution, but they might not be doing that for long. The National Advertising Review Board or NARB recommended that AT&T cease using the term as well as the phrase 5G evolution the first step to 5G in its marketing material. The company says it respectfully disagrees but is a supporter of the self-regulatory process and will comply with the decision. Last month AT&T added 90 new markets for a total of 120 million customers across 190 markets with access to actual 5G that they can just call 5G for customers who have actual 5G capable phones. I love that. We respectfully disagree. We will comply, but we're not going to say how. Maybe you'll just forget. The SD Association announced the SD 8.0 memory spec for SD cards. SD Express card transfer speeds quadruple to 3940 megabits per second with support for PCIe 4.0. To get those speeds SD card readers need to support two PCIe 4 lanes. Other slots with PCIe 3 can still get twice the speed at 1900 megabits per second. SD 8.0 cards will be backwards compatible and available across a range of sizes. The spec will allow reasonable transfer speeds for up to 4K and 8K video as well as faster game loading as well. SD cards using the 8.0 spec are expected towards the end of the year. Users acknowledge that they are indeed testing a new setting among a quote-unquote limited group that lets users control who can reply to their tweets. Users can pick from one of three options, everyone, people you follow or and only people you mention. If anyone outside the chosen setting or if you're outside the chosen setting you can still view the tweet like and retweet it, but you can't reply directly to the sender. Google's letting existing Google Fi customers use eSIM now on their iPhone XR, XS, XS Max and 11 series or 2020 SE phones. Those are the iPhones that support dual SIM. New Google Fi customers have been able to do this since last month, but it was because they were setting up from scratch. The Verge notes that some users on Reddit report that you need to uninstall the Google Fi app from the iPhone, then add a cellular plan to the iPhone, then reinstall the Google Fi app and then it will work. Ride Healing Company DD said on Wednesday it will use AI to verify if Latin American drivers are wearing masks and have disinfected cars. Drivers will have to take a picture of themselves wearing the mask starting on May 22nd and starting in June they'll need to report body temperature and upload photos of daily vehicle disinfection. Drivers will also be required to wear masks and DD launched similar measures in China back in January. Alright Scott, tell us the good news about Apple. Well, this is maybe good news for some or maybe we just expect this. We'll see. Analyst Ming Cheek who believes Apple may not include wired headphones or ear pods in the next generation of iPhones. Heaven forbid. Who says Apple may heavily promote or even discount AirPods does not believe or expect new models of AirPods until 2021 wired Apple headphones cost $29 right now and the lowest priced AirPods are currently $159 even if you get a deal occasionally at $139 which is what I did. I'm not surprised by this. In fact, I'm also not surprised that it's probably going to be Apple who pulls the trigger and finally says hey no more wired earbuds in here. However, I kind of wish they would just make ear pods real cheap and have those in instead. You know, they're not going to do that, but that would be really cool. That's truly the bridge to the wireless future, not the sort of half measure with not including it at all.   And it was like, okay, well, I'm still getting them for free, right? You know, might be a dongle appropriate. Once you get a phone that has a lightning port, then you've got that. But you know, in general, it's hard to really complain too much if you're getting earbuds that work for free. If you want something better, you get those separately. Apple being like, possibly, you know, you don't get them at all, but we'll maybe offer AirPods for something drastically reduced for a short period of time because our new version of AirPods aren't coming out till next year kind of thing. It is interesting. And I wonder, you know, people will be up in arms as they always are about how things change. But I wonder how this will end up driving a lot of sales for AirPods. Min Chi Kuo is usually right about this stuff. So I'm not going to be surprised if this happens. I would imagine that Apple will reduce the price of the AirPods, maybe below $100 for not the pro, right, but for the entry level, and then bundle that in. So in other words, you can buy the iPhone or you can, you know, get really cheap AirPods for less than $100 with the iPhone. And they'll push that when you're checking out. Hey, do you want to add AirPods for this super cheap price? They're really going, I think, from Apple site. Great, you could look at this and say, Apple is cheap and they want to make money off accessories and they're trying to force you into spending money on accessories. That's a perfectly legitimate point of view that I know a lot of you will hold. The other side of this is Apple looking at this and saying, look, we don't want to put in stuff that people aren't going to use. And if people already have AirPods or already have headphones, wireless headphones that they like that aren't AirPods, that's what we want them to do. That's why we got rid of the headphone jack. And so why would we put in this piece of plastic that's going to go to waste when everybody in our audience anyway is switching to these wireless headphones and we want to push that adoption? Because then those headphones can be used on multiple phones and you're not making a bunch of headphones that nobody's going to use. I'm just saying, imagine the box and you open it up and there's the phone. And then below that, you got the little tiny manual below that two AirPods just like there. Oh, no, I imagine the box. This is what Apple wants. I guarantee you imagine the box. You open it up and it's the phone and that's it wireless charging wireless headphones that you get separately. They don't want anything else in that box except the phone. I think that's their goal. Speaking of Apple, Apple and Google have made their exposure notification API live for the public. So health agencies can now use that API in their apps for Android and iOS. Companies say many US states, 22 countries have been provided API access already and more to come. This is phase one. If you remember, this is where the system works in apps. So you have to download an app to make it work. But it still has all the privacy protections, doesn't use geolocation and all of that stuff. Phase two is the one that will work at the operating system level and not require an app in order to start collecting the data. Google and Apple are in conversations with public health authorities about what system level features would be useful in that second phase. Interesting. Do we know? I mean, this isn't that big a deal for users, really, because we're not we're not going to see anything right away. I mean, we're not going to see anything that takes a bit. If you're in North Dakota, they're going to have an app that takes advantage of this separate from an app they already have out that uses geolocation. So if you want the bigger privacy protection, you'll be able to opt for that. Utah is not going to have this. That health agency is not playing along with Apple Google. But keep an eye on your health agency so that they will tell you when their app is ready to download or update to take advantage of this. I got to say the rollouts of this. And I know that there are many stages and we're still at the very beginning. The companies have been really good about messaging and they've been really good about delivering, you know, on dates that they've promised, if not sooner. And with that, we will move on to shopping at Shopify. Reunite Shopify's first virtual version of its annual event. I believe this was the fifth year. The company unveiled a new business account and debit card option for customers called Shopify balance, a buy now pay later option called shop pay installments and a new local delivery product. Shopify says its AI powered fulfillment network is also actively accepting merchant applications. Now, if you remember our story from yesterday on the competitor side of things yesterday, Facebook announced Facebook shops, a tool to help businesses list products on Facebook pages and Instagram profiles.  And again, it's our current climate right now that leans heavily into this whole idea of, all right, let's do a little bit more of, you know, that kind of consumer to consumer shopping situation. But yeah, Shopify is getting more robust and Facebook shops is getting a lot of attention. Yeah, I think Facebook shops, honestly, I know you're saying that Facebook will, you know, and it makes sense to say Facebook will eventually want to just take this all the way from Shopify. But I don't know whether that's true. I don't I think Facebook likes the idea that they can leave that complex business of setting up inventory and tracking inventory and taxes and all this stuff that you may not may not realize out there that that Shopify, Big Cartel, Woo, companies like that do. The Facebook isn't an expert in. They want those companies to take advantage of that. They're happy to let Shopify take advantage of that and then put that sort of things like Shopify balance by now pay later into the Facebook shop because where Facebook is going to make the money is offering a simplified payment exit plan that Shopify can plug into. But also every Facebook shop operator can then advertise on Facebook to get the people on Facebook to come to the Facebook shop and shop in the Facebook. I mean, I think Facebook is the mall operator here, not the cash register operator. And Shopify is the back of office accounting cash register operator. And the mall doesn't want to get into that business. What could happen, though, it's very possible if that cash register really rocks the joint and does amazingly well, there's no reason the mall, in this case, Facebook might not be interested in picking them up and buying them. So yeah, that's entirely field might buy Omron is what you're saying. Yeah, not impossible. And in this case, I think even more likely than that that scenario. That's a good point. Yeah, they buy all kinds of little things that that work well or jive well with what Facebook's goals are. And sometimes that's not exactly clear. But this seems like a clear one to me. It's one of the only missing aspects of the kinds of commerce you can do on Facebook is a more integrated solution for, you know, front and back end. So and the reason they bought Giffy is they wanted that data. The reason they might buy a Shopify, more data. Yeah, a couple of friends I know who run small. We know we want to sell you our t-shirts type of thing all over the world. It's like it is there has been a conundrum for a while. Shopify is not the only option, but it's kind of the only option unless you're going to build out the back end yourselves. And that's really complicated and definitely a little too big for the britches of a lot of, you know, small folks who are who are setting out that said, I also see all the time people who I don't know, I follow on Instagram, let's say.  And I'm like, I would just wish this was less clunky. Like I get what you're doing. I don't even hate you for it. Just, you know, give me something a little bit more streamlined so I understand what's going on. So I think that Facebook shops is is designed to to to solve that issue. Yeah. HBO Max launches on the 27th. Many of you have already signed up for the cheaper deal, but gives you HBO plus a lot of other content for Warner Brothers, media, TNT, TBS, et cetera. I hope a lot of old WB cartoons would be great if they could do that. Anyway, Warner Studios is also involved in this DC movies, for example, and HBO Max originals. It costs the same as HBO alone at 1499. Same as you're playing for go. If you're doing that, if Warner reaches a deal with a cable or streaming device platform, you may automatically get HBO Max. If you're an HBO subscriber, deals have already been announced with Apple, Charter, Google, YouTube, TV as well. Wednesday, May 20th, Warner announced deals with Atlas. Let's see. That's all tight. Sorry, all ties. Cox, Microsoft. So think Xbox and CTC, smaller cable operators. Samsung, Sony, so think PlayStation and Verizon, the big or sorry, the three big names without a deal yet are Amazon, Comcast and Roku. And they're big names. Variety says Roku and Warner are close, but Amazon is not likely to happen. Oh, and Dish Network had or hasn't had regular HBO since November 2018. So there's that too. I'm personally confused as someone who has a really good phone plan with AT&T because I think I'm supposed to be getting it free, but I'm paying for it. And I think that's my fault, but I'm not sure because I haven't really explained it. So there you go. You're one of those people. We didn't mention AT&T, which owns Order Media. So any AT&T service will also be included in this. Also, you didn't mention Hulu. Hulu will be part of this. If you're on any of these folks with with paying through the platform that Scott mentioned are having the deal, you probably won't be confused. May 27th, you'll get a notice that says, Hey, guess what? You have access to HBO Max now as part of your HBO Now subscription. Isn't that great? But if you're on Roku, if you're on one of these others that is that does not have a deal yet, Comcast and or Amazon, which never will have, then your HBO Now subscription will stay HBO Now and you'll have to figure out, well, do I want to get HBO Max? What platform can I get it on? Like, it sounds like you won't even have HBO Max apps on any platform that doesn't come to a deal. Here's the here's the wacky thing about all this. I got three different emails from HBO one that was just like a regular.  And then I got one that says, Hey, you should join HBO Max because we're going to do it for 11 bucks or whatever for the first year. If you get in now and you can cancel any time. And then I got a third email that duped that one because it was a different email address. So because I've got email addresses in different places, probably a whole separate one at AT&T. I'm getting like eight messages of different options. And I won't even get into the fact that you keep saying HBO Go, which you can only use if you have a cable subscription to HBO versus HBO Now, which is the one that you buy standalone when you don't have a cable subscription, which is actually the one I meant, which adds to this. You're totally right. You're totally right. All right, folks, the Wall Street Journal and the Economist have both reported that several trade experts out there believe that the new US trade rules that we mentioned earlier this week may not end up affecting Huawei, the company that they were written for. The new rules say that any company using US made equipment or designs to make chips need a license if they have knowledge that the products they're making are destined for Huawei. So there's already an entity list that Huawei is on that says you can't sell to Huawei. But the loophole that the US was trying to close was companies saying, well, we're not selling to Huawei. The chipmaker is. So they said, look, chipmaker, even if you're not in the United States, if you're using equipment or designs from the United States, you can't sell to Huawei. But the complexity of the supply chain means that a lot of chipmakers sell to a distributor, not to Huawei. For instance, an Indian company named Flex assembles products for multiple companies, including Huawei. Flex could order chips from TSMC without telling TSMC who, therefore, they might be for another of Flex's clients. They might be for multiple clients, including Huawei, but Flex would be the buyer and say, TSMC, we need this many chips. A US Department of Commerce spokesman told the Wall Street Journal, quote, intermediate steps in the supply chain are irrelevant when there is no mystery as to the ultimate destination. Clearly, there is, though. But what if there is exactly? Yeah, I mean, it's sort of like, OK, do we put this on Flex and TSMC at this point? Well, the two of you need to have way better communication so that ultimately stuff doesn't land in the hands of Huawei, the company. I mean, both of those companies are going to be like, no, we have that's how the supply chain works for us. That's we can't do it any better than this. And an Indian company, it would be in its rights to say if the US is like, well, you need to tell TSMC who these chips are for, the Indian company could say, why I'm an Indian company? I don't need to I don't need to follow your rules, which would mean then the Department of Commerce would have to write new trade rules to try to close that loophole. This may not end up being a problem. It may be that TSMC lawyers look at all this and go, well, it is probable that you know that these are destined for Huawei. So, you know, you better not say the chips. This is not one where we have a conclusion for you. It's watch for the headline that says TSMC cut off supplies for sure. TSMC has not admitted that there's been headlines alleging that. But TSMC says, no, we're evaluating. Look for the headline that says TSMC absolutely has done this or an absence of that headline and a story coming out later saying, Huawei seems to be shipping just as many phones because of this loophole. And you will know what that loophole is now. Hey, folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day, be sure to subscribe to Daily Tech headlines. You'll get them in about five minutes at DailyTechHeadlines.com. Ray Kurzweil has an opinion piece in wired advocating more use of artificial intelligence to speed up vaccine research. He identifies the two main parts where he thinks that I could help one is identifying the right molecules that a vaccine would target and to hold clinical trials. So what artificial intelligence can do is say, look, there's billions of possibilities, trillions of possibilities for molecules out there. But we can try every single one of them against COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, the actual virus and see if they match up. And we can do that much faster than humans could never do that. And AI could do that because it can do some pattern matching. Or and I should say it could say, OK, we have a physiological model. We've trained machine learning to know how people respond to various molecules entering their system so we can simulate the clinical trials and kind of eliminate the ones that very obviously would cause a problem. We'd still hold the clinical trials, of course, but we could toss out a few and save us some time by identifying the ones that wouldn't work right away. Now, humans come up with a few dozen possibilities out of trillions, test a few hundred humans to see what works. AI would test trillions of possibilities and thousands of simulated patients. Argonne National Laboratory doing this. Kurzweil predicts, given the exponential nature of progress in this field, I believe by the end of the decade, we'll be able to realistically model all biology and simulate interventions for diseases. But we need to evaluate Kurzweil's claims. Sarah, tell us what Alex Engler has been saying. OK, so on April 20th, Alex Engler, a professor who teaches data science over Georgetown studies implications of AI, wrote, artificial intelligence won't save us from coronavirus. And he has a few identifiers of ways to avoid falling force specific AI claims. He says. Species, species, AI claims. So so so we're looking for claims that are out of the ordinary. And what's great about this is it's two wired articles here. We went straight to the article that Alex Engler posted on the Brookings Institute and I figured, OK, let's go through Kurzweil's claims here and test them against Engler's system. So is he a subject matter expert? Well, I'm going to say yes. Does anybody disagree with me? Kurzweil is an AI subject matter expert. Yes. Yes, absolutely. He's not a company that's just applying AI with not knowing how it works. AI needs a lot of data. Does the relevant data exist? Well, the data on the viruses exists. So that part isn't questionable. What's questionable is, do we have the right data to understand how these molecules will interact with humans? Well, can I use this example used before the show where you made me feel smart for not for once, but for today, you made me feel very smart. You make me feel smart all the time, Tom, but I basically said, look, there are where my head starts to get into the weeds on this thing is how complicated the human testing can be because there are so many of us and right down to individual levels, you can have different results depending on what you're looking for. This kind of research seems like it would be hard to emulate with an AI when what you really need is a whole bunch of flesh and blood bodies across a huge range of preexisting conditions, medical conditions, age groups, races, everything, all of it. All those factors. And I couldn't wrap my head around how an AI like this or any other that anyone would talk about would be able to do that. And you made a pretty good point about that. So there I've set you. I've tossed them all. What was the point I made again? Well, no, but but what you're what you're looking at is what a healthy individual likely have a very negative reaction to this. And you can you can model that sort of behavior and machine learning can look at patterns and say, oh, yeah, we usually when we see this molecule that causes adverse problems. Is that is that what I was getting at? Yeah. And the idea is that it's in my head. I had a kind of a narrow view of how much an AI could do. But your point was all of these are just points of data. Yeah. Like some point you gather if they let's say there are two trillion variations in a kind of biology we need to have as part of this study, it's capable of having taking that data and then working with that data. And in my head, I was thinking it was just too big, too complex. I think Kurzweil's whole point is we will get to the point maybe sooner than later that it won't be that complex. It won't take that much time. He is advocating. Let's use AI to narrow it down. He's not advocating we don't we can skip human trials or anything. Another one of Engler's points is beware accuracy predictions. They may be skewed. I don't think this applies to Kurzweil because he's not saying an accuracy prediction in this case, but it's it's worth bearing in mind when you're evaluating AI claims if 90 of a hundred people are healthy and an AI detects six unhealthy people, it can claim 96% accuracy because it said, Oh, 90 are healthy, six are unhealthy. But it's missing 40% of the unhealthy people because it only detected six of the 10 unhealthy people. So you have to be aware how those numbers can be massaged. Yeah, I mean, I love itself. It's an actual this is so Kurzweilian, if that's a word. He says, given the exponential nature of progress on this field, I believe by the end of the decade, we'll be able to realistically model all biology and simulate interventions for diseases without the need of human trials. Like if that is not, yeah, that's like saying that will happen in 10 years. Kurzweil likes to say he has an 86% success rate of predicting things. Other people take issue with that, noting that in fact we did have a bust and he predicted we wouldn't have one and, you know, all that he missed the dot-com bust, among other things, but he's not saying we need that now. He's saying we do need AI to help narrow it down. Also, Engler says real world deployment generally degrades AI performance. So even if it's good in the machine, it won't be as good in public. So keep that in mind. I don't think that hurts Kurzweil's case here. You must enable an intervention to really matter. That's built in where the intervention is you actually are going to create a vaccine and you're going to do clinical trials. AI is good at minute details, not big events. In this case, that's a positive to Kurzweil. He's saying I don't want to pick the trends of who's going to get the virus. I want to come up with this minute thing that will cause the virus to go away. Don't forget AI will be biased. I think that is a big problem with vaccine research is that you will be training it in the human side on data that will be biased. It's very difficult to find unbiased data out there that treats all humans equally and will work with everyone. But I guess if it works in some humans, it's likely to work in most. So that may not be fatal to this. And the future of AI systems is more promising. And in fact, Angular sites, AI-designed drugs starting human trials as an example where AI is doing well. So overall, I think Kurzweil's prediction in this case passes the Angular test fairly well. Maybe between now and then, we build an AI that can predict whether Kurzweil's predictions are going to be correct. And then we can make another AI on top of that that will pull. Let's train a machine learning algorithm on Kurzweil's past predictions and results. It's a great idea, Scott. Good to work on that. You can't just train him. He's only one person. That's right. Well, you are all one person yourselves, unless you're, I don't know, some other beast. But you can join in the conversation in our Discord, which you can join by linking to a Patreon account at patreon.com slash dtns. All are welcome. Let's take a look at the mailbag. Oh, let's. This one came in from Tim. Tim has an interesting conundrum. He says we live in a small rural mountain community of about 1,800 folks. Recently, a broadband research group acquired money to install a tower that would significantly boost access and speeds to our community. They identified our property as the best location to place it. They're offering $200 a month lease to us in perpetuity for land use. And then 50 megabits down. Haven't stated what's up, but at least 50 down for life complimentary. I'm considering countering with the above, as well as saying I also want a hard line into the house, as well as having access to their highest available speed at all times. What are your thoughts? Should I consider other things before agreeing because they want to begin soon? Well, Tim, I would say get a lawyer. If you're signing a long term in perpetuity, lease for land use, you need a lawyer to look over all the ins and outs of this. I would also say it can't hurt to counter that. I think saying, look, I don't have 50 megabits per second down when eventually you'll have gig down. I want the highest speed available that you can possibly ever give me in perpetuity. It should always be the top level. I think that's fair to ask for that.  So first of all, get a lawyer to make sure that there's nothing else in the lease that they could use to weasel other things. And yeah, second counter for a little bit of a better deal. And if there's, yeah, anybody out there is like, I actually went through this something similar where I knew somebody who would please let us know feedback at dailytechnewshow.com because I'm sure the whole kind of like, but this is good for the entire community is one of those things where it's sort of hard to say no because you've got some pressure of the people around you potentially. Sure. Shout out to patrons at our master and grand master levels, including Jeffrey Zilks, Ken Hayes and Brad Schick. Also thanks to the one, the only, Scott Johnson. Scott, what I know, I know it just keeps getting better every week because we're so excited to have you with us. What's been going on over the last week? Well, thank you very much. There's a very prominent rugby coach in Australia with my name, so I'll share it with him. That's fine. Hey, so there's lots of stuff going on but I want to focus on one thing real quick and that is for the next two weeks, there's only two weeks of it left for the five full weeks of May. We've been giving free art classes to kids. My daughter and I, we come on a Saturday, we stream it and we tell everybody, get different things that we can work on and do and they all do it at the same time. They send us the art, we put it in a gallery. It's a lot of fun and a great way to keep your kids occupied for a good hour and a half on Saturdays and it costs nothing. So if you want to be a part of the last two weeks we're going to focus on character design and art. You can head on over to frogpants.com slash art class all the details are there. Previous sessions are there. You'll also find those galleries I mentioned and everything you'll need if you decide to be there. So grab your kids, bring them there. Kids from zero to 99, you can be as old as you want to do this thing if you want to but we're having a lot of fun with it. We're going to miss it when it's gone. That's this Saturday at 1 p.m. mountain time. Check out the details at frogpants.com slash art class. We're taking suggestions from folks in our audience to share the love to projects they love and longtime supporter Paolo wrote, would you be willing to help this project get over the line? It's from a friend of mine, a great artist and it would be amazing if you could help. Sofia Ribeiro's new album Casa. Sofia writes on her Kickstarter, I have 12 new songs and I will make a quarantine album accompanied by amazing musicians who will record from their homes. The best part is we put this in the lineup. Paolo is one of our patrons who has access to see the lineup, saw that we put it in and noticed that the Kickstarter went over the line after we put it in the lineup. Whether it was because patrons were seeing it there before we even mentioned it or not, I don't know. But you still might want to share the love and go check it out. So we'll have the link in the show notes or just search Kickstarter for Casa Ribeiro's new album. Nice. Our email address is feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. We love your feedback, keep it coming. I say that every day and I really mean it. We're live Monday through Friday at 4 30 p.m. Eastern, 2030 UTC. And when I say join us live, I mean that too. Find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live. Back tomorrow with Justin, Robert Young. Talk to you then. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. I hope you have enjoyed this program.


Imagine you're trapped in the heart of New York City, a constant cacophony of honking horns and blaring sirens assaulting your senses. Stress? Yeah, you've got it in spades. But what if there was a way to escape the noise and find peace, not with silence, but with sound? I embarked on a journey to explore the fascinating world of soundbaths, where instruments like gongs and chimes weave a tapestry of calming vibrations. The question is, could these sessions truly be the antidote to our modern-day stress epidemic? So, I donned headphones wired to a brain-recording device and settled in for a nearly two-hour soundscape. Gongs, drums, and chimes washed over me, creating a surprisingly mixed bag of emotions, spooky, grounding, and surprisingly peaceful.


Hi, I'm Councilmember Dennis Singleton. The Fort Worth Botanic Garden was the first in Texas. That's a point of pride, but it's also a liability. Our Botanic Garden is still beautiful, but it's also showing its age. In the heart of our city, the Fort Worth Botanic Garden is a beautiful escape from the ordinary. More than 100 acres of meandering paths, water features and structures showcase a vast collection of plants that allow us to unplug, enjoy and learn from a series of garden rooms. Among them, the Rose Garden, with scores of rose varieties in a terraced romantic setting. The Japanese Garden, where paths through lush terrain lead to koi fish ponds. The Fuller Garden, featuring beds of annuals and perennials and a stately gazebo. In the Four Seasons Garden, something is always in bloom. And Rock Springs, where a waterfall supplies rippling water among native trees and plants. The Fort Worth Botanic Garden also has areas that teach us about vegetable gardening, water conservation and native Texas plants. But many other areas of the garden are at risk and can no longer be enjoyed. The Fragrance Garden, once a delight for the visually impaired and others, had to be closed then dismantled because there are no funds for costly repairs. The Japanese Garden's popular moon bridge is structurally unsound and will remain closed until funds are raised to repair it. The Rainforest Conservatory, a 10,000 square foot greenhouse, was once home to more than 700 species of plants. Today, many of the tropical plants have withered and no longer produce exotic blooms. The conservatory's glass roof is unsafe for visitors and gardeners. It must remain closed until funds are available for repairs. Many more funding issues prevent the Botanic Garden from looking its best. Water features need repairs, including this pool in the Rose Garden. Local restrooms can no longer accommodate crowds, are outdated and show signs of vandalism. Garden roads need repaving, greenhouses and other work areas need replacing. In all, the city has identified $15 million worth of major repairs that need addressing just to fix what we have now. But what if? What if the Fort Worth Botanic Garden had adequate funding like other U.S. Botanic Gardens, a steady revenue stream and donor support to provide funding now and in the future? Perhaps we could once again host major exhibits like butterflies in the garden, or new garden exhibits, festivals and visiting sculpture shows. Adequate funding could provide cultural and education programs, hands-on science classes for underserved youth, or research that leads to new plant introductions. One-term revenue sources might one day make getting around the garden safer and more fun. The Fort Worth Botanic Garden is in transition. Strategic planning is underway now. Not just to repair what's broken today, but to provide a blueprint for the future that allows us to maintain what we love about our garden and build on its potential. I believe the Fort Worth Botanic Garden has a lot of potential, but it won't get there without funding. The City of Fort Worth will continue its support, but it's not enough. We've put together a task force that's looking into our funding options and learning how other successful gardens operate. The bottom line is, we want our Botanic Garden to be able to host more community-wide events, be more accessible to all, and most importantly be there for future generations. If you welcome your ideas and input, thank you, and come visit our Botanic Garden.