What is up guys and welcome back to the John and Q channel thanks so much for watching and today's video We're talking all about this camera right here the Canon the Canon EOS R me brief you really quick This is not an in-depth review just yet that will come later This is just me owning this camera for one whole month and kind of my overall review so far And how I've been dealing with it and telling you guys what I like about it What I don't like about it and so let's just let's just get right into it So here it is the Canon EOS R. It is super light look at this Look how tiny and small and compact this thing is like can fit in my pocket and it's just mmm And I'm all about compact. I'm all about like on the go like get it out of the bag I'm like get pictures get video and all I bought this camera used and it was less than two thousand dollars So to get a pro camera a pro Canon DSLR for under two grand is just owning it for about a month It's really it's been great for me as a photographer and a videographer I've used this camera for two things and that's professional shoots and Overall vlogging now like not doing it with this video obviously right now I'm shooting on the Canon 60 mark to but everything else that I do is on this thing the Canon EOS R Because I transitioned from the Canon 60 mark to to the EOS R There was a little bit of a learning curve not the menu system because they're both Canon But the layout and the buttons of everything so they can get to camera settings to video settings There's a little a little bit of a quirk here in there But you kind of get used to it for example the Canon 60 mark to I could switch from video to photo Just like that. There's a little knob here that I could just switch right but with the Canon EOS R You kind of have to do this so right now. I'm in photo mode if I wanted to get to video mode I can't just switch a button because there's no button for it, but I would have to let me say this Customize in my EOS R to fit my specifications from switching to video and photo and space versa So my customized bar if you will or buttons is the star and then info when I press star and info Hold on so when I press star and info and then the shutter button it switches over to video mode Now if I wanted to go back to photo mode, I would do star info shutter button And I've driven back to the photo mode. That's a little bit of a hassle, but it's okay It's not that much different from shooting like this and then okay. Hold on. I have to go to video mode Taking my right hand or left hand and then going and switching those and then going back to my settings from my photo or video Shoot so it's really not that much of a difference But I did notice it where it kind of was like oh kind of a bummer I wish that photo and video switch were there so take it for what it is But that to me it kind of bothered me going off of the controls and the buttons and the customization This camera is full of customization Wow can customize this camera to what you need as I've already done and all these buttons and now I'm obviously still learning You can get different things you can customize your camera to what you want But like something to know it is the record button is no longer again on the back of the camera It's up here and it's it's not annoying But it kind of isn't knowing and if you're someone like me who's always on the go and needs to switch from photos to video with Like just like that I want to be able to rely on the camera as I did with the Canon 16 Mart 2 and press the record button with my thumb Now I have to like Think about it, and it's actually my finger.  It's kind of like look I kind of have a take a weird It kind of seems like I'm doing this video and I'm ripping on the USR I'm not but these are things that are coming to mind that I kind of dislike about the R and something that's different Then my 6D Mart 2 and that's this right here the mic input is now down here on the Canon 60 Mart 2 It used to be up here, but this is for something else So if you come down here, you want to put in a mic input or microphone You just take this little rubber off And you you stick it in there, so it's kind of like Why would you do that and I you're like why would you mention that well because of this?  Oh, no What am I gonna do?  I have to think about it, but in order for me to flip it out I have to like I have to bring it towards me flip it and then bring it out But still it's enough to really irritate me like okay. I really want to see what that looks like, but I can't Can't get us out to bring it back tilt it towards me, and then I'm good to go This is small things can and like I just I don't know why you did that and obviously when you get the EOS R It's a new mount. It's a whole new system for different lenses So your normal EF lenses don't really fit natively on the camera So you have to also purchase this adapter, which I picked up for I think a couple hundred bucks It came with the camera. I'm pretty good deal this adapter allows me to use different glass Like this and I can still put it on there autofocus works just as well as it would be natively on the camera And it's super fast focusing like all that stuff is still good to go Versus like having a Sony and putting an adapter like this kind of hunts for that focus doesn't really know what to do with itself But when I put native lenses with native camera and camera body and system Can't complain one other point and one other thing that I do appreciate about the EOS R is this When you turn it on it does this And when you turn it off it does this I love that Yeah So this little screen door or cover over the sensor really acts like a safety feature and for me It's like I have less OCD about covering and I still cover my sensor obviously But it's just like oh this little cover is covering it So I don't have to really think about it as hard or as much So my overall experience and like the first month I've had this camera is good. It's not bad I will say it's a little bit better from the Canon 16 R2 as far as image quality and like the first video that posted I saw an instant like whoa It actually looks really good compared to my Canon 16 R2 and people have like texted me and saying hey Your videos look a lot better after the USR. My wife was like, oh, I see the difference Now I don't know if it's because it's a new camera and you can like quote-unquote see the difference kind of thing No, no, don't do that the overall. Yeah, but both photo and video quality I'm impressed and I love the camera other than that the few you know buttons and scrolly things and you know being able to customize your own Settings, I'm still getting the hang of this camera, but it's by no means more difficult to deal with it's actually easier Especially because it's so light paired with the L lens just like this I mean it's super light super compact. I can get the job done professionally and Really really well. I'm gonna pull a jerrypole and Smells like a camera. So I like it One thing I do appreciate about the EOS R it takes the classic batteries now I did I was trying to get into the EOS RP But then I realized that those batteries are like this small and last like 30 minutes These things will go out for five six sometimes seven hours on a full video and photo day So it's plus you can use your Canon 16 R2 or an E. You can take your other camera bodies that take the LP EN6 battery and use that for your EOS R So for that thank you Canon you did that one of the things I don't use on this camera is the one 4k not yet And to I don't use the 120 FPS only because it shoots in 720p I don't use 720p. This is the day and age of 1080 and 4k. I already use 720 It would have to be the right setting and have to be all in manual focus with the right lighting I'd have to control the situation. I can't just go out and shoot like really cool pieces of slow motion in 720 At 120 frames a second if it's not gonna be that level of quality I'm used to or my audience is used to so one thing You should know nope. Nope. Nope. Nope, buddy. No, please no So if you're looking into the EOS R for the height of specs hi, buddy Maybe this camera is good for you, but you might want to rethink the 120 frames per second. What's up, bud? Ethan is gonna say hello overall. Yeah, that is my one month review Kind of a short review kind of what you should expect with the EOS R and in another three weeks After I've done some more project with it and kind of traveled I'll do a full review on what I do think about this and how I like it How it's worked for me as a photographer videographer and all this other stuff So thanks so much for watching. I'll catch next time on the Johnny Q channel. Peace


OK. So the theorem of today, so let me recall the definition of the heat kernel, 1 over 4 pi t to the n over 2 into the minus x squared over 4 t. So the theorem is the following. So let u 0 bar. Maybe we can, since now we have just only one initial condition, let me call it u bar, maybe. In n infinity, intersection phi u of tx phi t x minus y u bar y dy for any t index in 0 plus infinity times rn. Then 1, u is infinity of 0 plus infinity times rn. 2, ut minus laplace of u equals 0 in 3. The limit for any x0 into rn, the limit as tx goes to 0 x0 of u tx is equal to u bar. Where now t is positive. So this is a way, hence, we can produce a solution to the problem, to the Cauchy problem, to the Cauchy problem, ut minus laplace of u equal to 0 and u equal u bar in the whole space. Produce one solution. We know that if the domain is unbounded, then the solution is not necessarily unique. This produces one solution. Let us prove this theorem. So let us consider uts plus hx minus utx divided by h. This incremental quotient is the integral over rn phi t plus h yx minus y, u bar of y dy, 1 over h, minus u of tx, minus u of tx, minus the integral phi t x minus y u bar y dy, which is equal to 1 over h integral phi of t plus h x minus y minus phi of tx minus y, u bar of y dy, which is equal to 1 over h phi prime phi t into some intermediate point by the Lagrange theorem bar y dy. By some for some theta 0, 1. So now let me compute the difference of ut plus hx minus utx divided by h minus the integral over rn phi t t x minus y u bar y dy. So I have to take the difference between this and this, so which is equal to the difference between phi t t plus theta h x minus y minus phi t t x minus y phi t t x minus y u bar. So this is less than or equal, say less than or equal than this times u bar y dy. Now we know that u bar is in L infinity, so this is bounded by a constant, the L infinity norm of u bar. So a constant times the integral phi t t plus theta h x minus y minus phi t t x minus y dy, which is equal to h, the constant u bar, the integral over rn phi t t, say, t plus theta prime h for some other, again the Lagrange theorem for some other theta prime, which is finite, by the way, this is finite. Therefore, by the property of phi, phi is rapidly decreasing. For any positive time, this is integrable on the whole space. Therefore, you see the limit. Therefore, we deduce that the limit as h goes to 0 of this is 0, because I have this h in front. And therefore, u is differentiable in time with such a derivative. So u is differentiable in time, and the derivative is this, and then you can see it is continuous with respect to x. In this way, you do this kind of argument for all derivatives in time space, and you deduce that u is infinity. Now, so we know that u is smooth enough, and therefore, now we can now start to show that actually, u is also a solution to the problem. Well, this is almost immediate, because let me now erase this. We have seen that ut, so u is infinity in the interior, and ut, with this kind of argument, is this phi t x minus y. And also, with the same argument, so you do this kind of incremental quotient for all derivatives in space, and therefore, you deduce that also this. Do you agree? It is enough to repeat the argument instead of taking the incremental quotient in time, you take the various incremental quotient in space. So that, for instance, the partial derivative of u with respect to xi will be the integral of the partial derivative of phi with respect to xi. The second derivative with respect to xi xj of u will be the integral of the second derivative of phi with respect to xi xj integrated, and so on. OK? So in particular, the Laplacian is the integral of this Laplacian. OK? Is it OK? So may I go on? OK. OK, so now, but then it is immediate to see that 2 is true. Why? Because ut at the point tx minus the Laplacian of u at the point tx is equal to the integral over rn of phi t at the point tx minus the Laplacian of phi at the point tx multiplied by u bar y dy by this simply subtracting these two formulas. But then we know that phi is an exact solution, is a solution of the PDE for positive times. You remember? Phi is a solution in the positive half space. But there is no x minus 1. Ah, because this is, thank you. Because it is a mistake, so thank you. There is always x minus 1. Sorry. Thank you. OK, x minus y, x minus y everywhere. Hence for any t, for any x, for any y, this parenthesis is identically 0 by the properties of the heat kernel phi. And therefore, u is a solution of the PDE. For any positive time, phi t of tz minus Laplacian of phi of tz is equal to 0. OK? Now you call z equal to x minus y, and you have the search. This is, remember, well, we found the exponential, et cetera, et cetera, as a solution of this, but just only for positive times. And then we have a singularity at time space equal to the origin. So therefore, we have proven also number 2. The most difficult part, actually, in the proof is to show that the initial condition is attained in this sense, in the pointwise sense, in the sense that this limit is equal to this. So for the moment, we have just only used, on your bar, for the moment, what we have used is just this. This is the only assumption. We have two assumptions on your bar, remember, because for us, it was bounded and continuous. OK, for the moment, we have just used to have that integral converges and so on and so on. In the proof of point 1, we have just used that u is bounded. So up to now, up to now, we have used only this. Now, so fix, so now the point is to show that actually the solution takes the initial condition in this pointwise sense, so pointwise. So fix x0, let epsilon positive. So we know and let epsilon positive and take delta such that u bar of x0, such that x0 minus y less than delta. Take such that if y is in Rn and x0 minus y is less than delta, then u bar of x0 minus u bar of y is less than epsilon. So we just, so we know, so u now is continuous. U bar is continuous. So since u bar is continuous, we can take delta. So now we want to estimate this difference minus u bar of x0. So we want to show that if x is delta closed, so it's closed in terms of delta to x0, and so epsilon is fixed. If for the same delta, if x and x0 are closed, say of delta over 2, for instance. And t is sufficiently small, because t is going to 0. And if this is less than epsilon or 2 epsilon or whatever, then we have the search. So let us estimate this. So this is the integral over Rn of phi t x minus y u bar of x0. But we know that the integral, if you remember, over Rn of phi of t z, say t z, d z is equal to 1. So what we can do now is to use this and to put an integral here, because we integrate with respect to another variable. So let me use the correct symbols. So x0 is OK, because the symbols are the same. Correct? So let me write this simply as the integral over Rn phi of t x minus y times u bar y minus u bar of x0. And this is the symbol that I have. Do you agree? Because also by translation, I mean not only this, but also for any point, there is this phi t z minus y z is equal to 1. Not only this, you can also translate there. OK. So now we are in this situation. And therefore, this is clearly less than or equal. So this is clearly less than or equal than the integral over Rn phi t x minus y u bar y. OK, so now we are focusing around the point x0. And therefore, we split this integral into the ball of radius delta, centered at x0 of the same quantity, plus the complement with delta of x0 phi t x minus y u bar of y minus u bar of dy. OK. Just split the integral into the ball and outside the ball. Why I do this? Because I can estimate immediately the first integral this way. Because this is less than or equal. Yes, epsilon, because now you see I have the difference between y and x0. And y in this integral is in this ball. The ball is of radius delta. Therefore, there this is less than epsilon. Therefore, this is less than epsilon, the integral over B delta of x0 phi t x minus y dy plus the same object here. So now I raise everything up to this. So this difference is less than or equal. Therefore, it's less than or equal than this plus this. OK. So this is less than or equal than this plus this. But now this, so I continue here. This is epsilon positive, and this is less than the integral over the whole space, which is 1. So plus, and I rewrite it, the integral out of the ball phi. So now I have the ball. I have x0 here, and I have the ball of radius delta. And I have the point y, which is outside. Now, if I take, the idea is the following now. The idea is rather simple. So now I have to see that this is small. When? I hope that this is small. Well, you see. Here I have the difference x minus y. And what I know about phi is that everything is concentrated close to the origin. So when t is very close to 0, and x and y are almost the same. OK. So now, assume that take now x in the ball of radius delta half of x0. So x is here now. So I have three points. The center, y, the integration variable, ranges out of the ball. This is delta over 2. And then I have the third point, x. And now I am assuming that x minus x0 are delta closed, say delta over 2. So now what happens to y minus x? So y minus x, yes, y minus x, which is this that I want to estimate. Exactly, this. I want to say that it is not small. If this is not small, then this is not small. And therefore, this will make the integral converging to 0. So I want to say that this is not small. This is the instance. I claim that this distance is larger than 1 half. For instance, this distance, this is not difficult. You see from the picture, this is out of the ball of radius delta. This is inside the ball of radius delta over 2. So this distance is larger than 1 half y minus x0. This is maybe homework or maybe we can try to prove it. So y minus x0 is less than or equal than y minus. So this is less than or equal than 1 y minus x plus x minus x0 by the triangular property, which is less than or equal than y minus x. Now x minus x0 is delta over 2. And then delta is also larger than y minus x0. So y minus x. So from here, we get y minus x larger than y minus x0 minus delta over 2 minus delta over 2. Ah, yes, yes. It's OK because now y minus x0 is larger than delta because I am out of the ball. So y minus x0 is larger than delta. And therefore, this is less than or equal than y minus x plus y minus x0 divided by 2. And therefore, this is larger than this minus 1 half of it. OK, sorry. So let me repeat it, the argument. I am estimating the distance from this to this. I use the triangular property inserting this point here. Now x minus x0 is by assumption less than delta over 2. So I continue here. But y is outside the ball. So y minus x0 is larger than delta. And therefore, this delta is less than y minus x0. Then, therefore, this is larger than this minus 1 half of itself. So why I'm doing this? Because now we'll take x. So this is, you should remember, what is this? Epsilon plus the integral out of the ball delta x0. 1 over 4 pi t to the n over 2 e to the minus x minus y squared divided by 4t u bar y minus u bar x0 dy. And in that set, we know that this is larger than this. Therefore, minus is less than. And therefore, this is, say, less than or equal than epsilon plus 1 over 4 pi t to the n over 2 integral out of the ball.  Now, of course, we cannot estimate this difference. But this is less than or equal to twice the infinity norm of your bar. 1, there is why? Sorry, 1 over 2. Because there is this 1 over 2 here. 1 over 4. Sorry. Thank you. Sorry. You're right. This is 4. Thank you. 1 over 4. Do you follow? Is it OK? So now this is one of our exercises that we made two lectures ago, maybe. For any, we wrote that for any positive delta, if I integrate out outside the ball of radius delta centered at the origin, then the integral of the square kernel of the heat kernel goes to 0. Now, of course, it's simply a translational argument. We are not integrated out of the ball of centered at the origin, but out of the ball centered at x0. But here we have y minus x0. So it's exactly the argument of the second exercise of last time. This goes to 0 as this product goes to 0 as t goes to 0 by one of our exercises. Hence, we conclude. Because what we have shown is that take a point x0, fix epsilon, take delta as the continuity of u bar at x0, corresponding to u bar at x0. So epsilon is given, delta is given. Now take x minus x0 less than delta over 2. Now take t so small such that this is less than epsilon. So take t bar positive such that t less than t bar t into 0 t bar implies that that object there is less than epsilon for any less than. Then the proof is concluded because if x is less than x0 of delta over 2 and t bar is sufficiently small, then we have that the difference u tx minus u bar of x0 is less than 2 epsilon. And therefore, the proof is concluded. Hence, the spirit of this proof is that close to x0, this is small because u is continuous. Far from x0, we cannot control this difference. But far from x0, the kernel is not concentrated. I mean, the kernel is going to 0 very rapidly. Because of that trick of the points, if I am outside here, y is here, x0 is here, then this must be large. This must be large. Once this is large, once there is some room here, then the kernel goes to 0. So this concludes the proof. Just one remark. The proof, I mean, it seems to me that the proof is correct under the following less stringent assumptions on u bar. So remark, proof is OK. So assume u bar in an infinity. Take x0, a point where u bar is continuous, then u, then the same conclusion of the theorem, same conclusion. Assume u bar, then u is infinity, ut minus laplace of u equal to 0, just only under these two assumptions. Next, take a point where u bar is continuous, then the limit as tx goes to t of u. So at all continuity points of the initial condition, we have that the initial condition is taken by the solution. Do you agree? Yeah, we use the continuity only in the third part if our proof is not wrong. OK? In particular, for instance, with this remark, one can consider an initial condition, which is, for instance, the characteristic function of a bounded set. For instance, u bar equal 1 if x is inside bounded set b, 0 else. So it is continuous initial condition. Just bounded, however, with two values. Then, where the function is continuous, the initial condition is taken. OK? So this is allowed. This is an initial condition, which is allowed. Then we can, so this concludes the part on the heat equation, on parabolic equation for the moment. So I hope that we will have time to discuss, again, the problem of existence once we have started some functional analysis. OK, so now we pass to some other argument. OK, so the next argument are, say, something about elliptic equations. Say something about the Laplace equation. So now we want to discuss the following PD minus plus of u equal to 0 in omega open set contained in Rn. So this is, you see, now in this problem, there is no time. So this is just a problem where time variable is not present anymore. So the solution, so definition, if u is c2 in omega and minus Laplacian of u is equal to 0 in omega, then u is called harmonic in omega. u is called harmonic. If u is c2 and minus Laplace of u is less than or equal to 0 in omega, this is called sub-harmonic. And of course, if u is minus Laplace of u is larger than or equal to 0, it is called superharmonic. These are just names. So in one space dimension, it is immediate to integrate u second equal to 0. So and already from this, I mean, in one space dimension, linear functions are the harmonic functions, one space dimension. And u second larger than 0 are sub-harmonic functions. So u second in one space dimension, u second larger than or equal than 0 sub-harmonic, what does it mean? Yes, it means convex. So already from here, we see that we can expect the maximum principle for sub-harmonic functions. You see, the maximum cannot be attained in the interior for a sub-harmonic function in one space dimension. But the minimum, yes, but the maximum, no, as we can see from this profile. And indeed, maybe I left you as an exercise to show a sort of weak maximum minimum principle for sub-harmonic and superharmonic function. We will discuss it. So in one space dimension, it is clear what is a smooth harmonic sub-harmonic, concave and convex and concave functions. Now, in two dimensions, in two space dimension, do you know how to produce solutions non-trivial? Non-trivial, I mean. Of course, linear functions are always solutions to this in any space dimension. But do you know in two space dimensions, for instance, how to produce non-trivial, non-constant, non-linear solution harmonic functions? Yes, if you know the theory of holomorphic functions, you know that the real part and the imaginary part of a holomorphic function is harmonic. Do you know this? So it is plenty of harmonic functions. I mean, I don't know, say, so what is this? Say, e to the x plus e y is equal to the x cos y of x and y. So take the real part, for instance, into variable u of x and y, and then you realize that if you take the Laplacian, it is equal to e to the x times cos y minus e to the x times cos y. So for instance, this is a non-trivial harmonic function. So if you want to think of examples of harmonic functions in two space dimensions, maybe it is very good to go to complex analysis. Indeed, the theory of harmonic function is strictly related to the theory of holomorphic functions. One space dimension. OK, now, again, we have a new PDE. And of course, any harmonic function is a solution of the heat equation once you add a new time variable. So I mean, if u is harmonic, then v of tx equal u of x, if you add a fictitious new parameter, this solves the heat equation in omega times 0 plus infinity. If u is harmonic, because v does not depend on t, so vt is equal to z minus Laplace of u is equal minus Laplace of v, which is equal to z. And therefore, this is a solution of the heat equation in this cylindrical domain, for instance. So this is a way to produce also stationary solutions to the heat equation, stationary in the sense that they do not depend on time. So now the point is that let us try to find, so look for new solutions. Look for radial, for instance, solution to minus Laplace of u equals 0. Meaning that I'm looking for a solution, ux of the form, say, v of x. Again, this is a way like when we discussed the heat equation, we looked for special solution in one space dimension of the form. It was like v of x over square root of t, maybe. This was our claim. And this claim reduced the PD to an OD. Well, now, again, we expect that if there are radial solutions, then we have to solve an OD. And so let us compute the Laplacian in this radial coordinates. So the derivative of u with respect to xi, it is v prime of x times the derivative. Everybody knows, I think, what is the derivative of this. Do you know what is this? Over the norm of x. I hope that this is clear for everybody. If it is not clear, it is immediate because this is by definition. Now I assume, of course, that I'm outside the origin. So look for radial solution, at least for x different from the origin, so that everything is smooth enough. And so you see, from this, you immediately compute this. So now the second derivative of u with respect to xi and xj is, therefore, the derivative with respect to xj of this. And this is equal to what? v second norm of x times this plus v prime of x. Then I have, I think, there is plus eta ij times this. And then there is another term here, plus v prime of x, xi.  So x minus 2? Yes. Is it correct? Yes, this is the same symbol. This is the identity. It is equal 1 only if i is equal to j, 0. Just a symbol, delta ij, OK. Symbols. So now we take the Laplacian. Now, OK, we take the Laplacian. So please check the computations. So this is x over modulus of x. This is OK. So let us take now the Laplacian. It means that we have to take the sum over the trace of dash. So the sum for i equal to j. So summing the i equal to j, what is this? It's x squared, which divides with this. Therefore, I surely have this. Then I have v prime, v prime. And then I have, OK, 1 over x. Maybe I keep it. And then, which is the trace of this matrix? And because we are in n dimension. And then, what happens to this part? Again, this is an x squared, which divides this cube. And so it remains 1, OK? Is it OK? So we have to solve now an OD. So call for simplicity this equal to rho. So we have to solve v second of rho plus n minus 1 over rho, v prime of rho, equal to 0. Maybe this is known to you, which is the Laplacian in polar coordinates, in the rho coordinates. OK, so now, well, we can, if you want, v prime, call this f. So we have f prime of rho plus n minus 1 over rho f, equal to 0, f of rho. So assume that f never vanishes. So if it never vanishes, we can divide. This is equal to minus n 1 minus n over rho. So this is log, OK, assume that f is positive, OK? Log f prime is equal to 1 minus n log rho prime. And then we have that log of f is equal to 1 minus n log of rho plus a constant, which gives f of rho equal rho, another constant, rho to the 1 minus n, f of rho, equal to. So this is this. I think it was f of rho equal to 1 minus n. Some constant.  Therefore, v of rho. Now, let us distinguish the case n equal to 2, with the case n bigger than equal to 3. This is a constant. Let me call alpha divided by rho to the n minus 2, plus a constant, gamma log rho plus delta. In two dimensions, if you differentiate, this comes to be this is 1 over rho. So n equal to is 1 over rho. Otherwise, it's this. So now we fix the constants.  So the definition, the fundamental solution of the Laplacian, I think it is called, fundamentals, yes, for Laplacian, is defined as symbol. Let me use the same symbol, so we don't confuse it with the heat kernel now. We are in a different setting, OK? By using the same symbol, but then I have some constant, 1 over 2 pi, the log of 1 over x. And then I have some other constant over x to the n minus 2. I will explain what is this. We will understand the role of the constants. So we have fixed special constants. So this is, well, this is this in two dimension. So this is harmonic. This is an example of harmonic function out of the origin in the plane. And this is an example of a harmonic function out of the origin in space. What are the constants now? Omega n is the volume, the back measure of the bull of radius 1 centered at the origin. This is the back measure by definition. Small omega n, omega n. This is volume. Volume, the back measure, definition. So we have n omega n. So by scaling, omega n rho n is the volume of b rho, OK? And then I think also that if I am not wrong, n omega n is the area of the boundary. So maybe we should check this. Well, but for instance, take n equal to 2. So take n equal to 2 just to check something. So omega 2 is the area of the unit disk, which is pi. And the length of the boundary of the unit disk is 2 pi, 2 pi. In three dimensions, let's check the volume of the bull of radius 1 is what? It's 4, 3 pi, right? And the area of the surface, the surface area of the bull, of the solid bull, it is 4 pi, which is 3 times 4, 3 pi. So this is probably correct. Anyway, it is an exercise, an exercise. Maybe home, OK? So we have the, so notice the big difference between 2 and 3 and 4 dimensions, OK? In particular, the physical situation is n equal to 3, where we have 1 over x. So then maybe the Newtonian case. So remarks, let us see whether or not phi is smooth out of the origin, where at the origin there is a singularity. This is clear. So this is a singular, I mean, it's a smooth solution out of the origin. At the origin there is a singularity, like this, for instance, in this case. Now, how strong is this singularity? So is it true or not that phi is in L1 lock, for instance? I mean, can this object be integrated around the origin or not? Exercise. Is it possible or not to integrate it around the origin? Well, we compute. So let's see, in n equal to 2, the integral over a ball centered at 0 of the log of rho, then this is, say, dx. This is equal to the integral from 0 to rho of rho log rho to pi, whatever, the behavior up to a constant. I mean, 2 pi and so on, in two dimensions. So there is this factor coming from the Jacobian of the change of coordinates in polar coordinates, which makes this integrable, OK? So this is integral in two-space dimension. Let us see in n equal to, in any dimension, 1 over rho to the n minus 2, then I have to take the Jacobian, which goes like rho to the n minus 1. And therefore, this is surely, actually, is rho. And hence, it's integrable, OK? So maybe I leave you as homework to show, so home shows that the gradient of phi, there exists a constant such that we have this. And out of the origin, there exists a constant such that this is the action, c over x n minus 2 n. Sorry, it is worse and worse, worse and worse. And so the question is then, so this is the first exercise, just an immediate exercise. And then is this, no, OK, this is enough. OK, now, before going on, so as you can see, the estimates are worse when we increase the degree of derivative, close to the origin. Now, before going on, I think that I need something about Green's identity, so Green's identity. So the first Green's identity, so assuming that everything is smooth, integration by parts can be done, assuming smoothness enough on omega, bounded, and so on, and so on. So we have already seen that we have this fundamental theorem, which I don't remember the notation now. I have used about something like this. Are these the notation? So this is the outward exterior unit normal to the boundary. If you, of course, want to use the interior, normal, you change sign, OK? Now, this gives us the following formula, in particular, the Laplacian of u, if everything can be done.  This follows from this, just simply taking eta equal the gradient of u. Not only this, but also we can do this. If we have also this, assume that now you apply this with the choice v grad u, v grad u. So you find this is equal to v Laplacian of u plus scalar product grad v grad u. I don't remember if I have used the dot or the two indicators, scalar product. So maybe let us keep the dot. Sorry, dot. OK, then dot grad u. So expanding this divergence, this is grad of this, dot grad of this, plus v Laplacian of u, which is that one. And by this theorem, this must be also equal to the boundary of omega. And then we have, this is the new eta. Therefore, scalar product v grad u, dot, new omega. So we have this equality here. Maybe this is called the first green identity. First green identity. OK? So let's write the first green identity here v Laplacian of u. Sorry, I don't put the x just for making the formula shorter.  OK? This is the first green identity. Very important to observe, it is obvious, that this is an integral on the boundary and these are solid integrals. Surface integral and solid integrals. OK? Now if I exchange v with u, I also now exchange in the symbols. I have v, sorry, u, u grad v times new. And therefore, we now deduce the second green identity. So this is the first one. Now this is the first green identity and then the second green identity is obtained usually by taking the difference. So second green identity says the following. This minus this, say, u Laplace of v minus this minus this, v Laplace of u, must be equal. So now you see these cancels because they are symmetric with respect to u and v. When I take the difference, this cancels with this. And then I have what remains is this minus this, u, dv over the new minus minus v du over the new. OK? So this is called the second green identity. OK, so this is the end of the lecture. And the next week, I will be here, I think, only on Friday. And we will continue, on Friday, we will continue the theory of elliptic equations, Laplace equation and Poisson equation.


What's going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here So we talk about jeepers creepers for jeepers creepers You're born again and talking about whether or not the creeper will have some alterations to the powers that we already know That it possesses in the upcoming fourth film now in the past What we have been teased is I'll start off with jeepers creepers 2 jeepers creepers the original We did not get any of that teased jeepers creepers 2 Kind of started teasing us with the fact that the creeper had telekinesis And then it wasn't really addressed again. Well, I'll go it back to that Where it started was when taggert was looking at this knife dagger that jack junior found in the Cornfield after billy had been taken while he was sitting inside of course Very sad and depressed after losing Billy He looks at the dagger looks at the engravings on it And then it just kind of shoots out of his hand almost as if there's some type of telekinetic Telekinesis going on between where the creeper can move objects with its mind And there's some type of connection with the weapons it has created for itself And you know just the telekinesis that it possesses the moving objects At a distance with with its mental power basically so how exactly Does it get read I guess readdressed later on in that second film The dagger is at the head of the harpoon When he goes to confront the creeper by saving the kids on the bus He shoots it at the creeper and then it goes directly into them Now what I am thinking is that maybe that's because of the telekinetic Link between the creeper and its objects that it possesses and creates for itself. It literally goes right into him I don't think there's a moment a moment where he he misses him not once And I think that's because of the fact that he led the harpoon with the object that shot out of his hand earlier So that's like the only other time we got a glimpse of that Jeepers creepers 3 though, of course with the budget that they had to work with everything came off very hokey There we're seeing the objects in the back of his truck coming to his hand at will with him have it not with him not even having to go and pick it up or anything like that and then we we see it like We see it once just I think once when he is going to kill the kids on their bikes And then they somehow were running in their feet or off the ground by the time they were attached to the tree I don't still don't understand that scene But whether or not we'll see something like that in the fourth film. I don't know but I do remember that also at the end of the third film when he is getting confronted by Sergeant Tubbs and testigo he is Confronted what he is confronted by Testigo who is shooting and we know we get that awful slow motion scene and then he comes down on him He has killed him with his his battle axe. He walks up Walks away from the body Doesn't turn around throws his hand back Testigo's body props up and then the battle axe Flies out of his head into the creepers hand and the body just falls down more display of the telekinesis right there That of course though just looked very hokey Given how it was shot given the budget that they had to work with Just everything about it came off very cartoonish The editing didn't look that good. The effects again were not on par to make you take that seriously It all looked cartoony The part where I think they might have gone too far though is still with the truck him on top of the truck and the truck moving And again, the only reason I say that is because of how everything Else played out after that because that one shot of the truck and him on top of it while it's moving That that alone wasn't wasn't that bad. I will admit that it just got progressively worse And it made that scene look bad Based off of how all the other telekinesis moments were portrayed on screen and how they just look due to the awful budget so like In the fourth entry if they were to do this again Hopefully it's something more grounded I mean like him using him moving the truck with his mind. I don't care about that You can go ahead and do that. You can have the Harpoons and stuff coming to his hand but I guess the way you frame it and the way you Based off of the editing it's going to be really what makes or breaks that Because a lot of the stuff in jiberscrapers 3 was just it looked cartoony and it was ridiculous I guess really with the whole telekinesis thing Since it was first teased in the second film You need to have it grounded In some in some aspects don't go overboard with it Like don't have everything he's doing be telekinesis based Let him still go around pick up objects and stuff like that We at least we see a glimpse of him doing that in the short snippet we got he's going to his truck And he's actually grabbing his battle axe. He's not having the battle axe shoot into his hand or anything like that I remember actually in the original cathedral script. There was a moment where the creeper had a Where he was going after his truck because they had his truck impounded ever since the events of the first film I guess and there was a moment where dairy junior was driving and treacher was on the phone with him And she thought that the truck was on him and that means the creeper was there But it was some officers driving the truck trying to teleport it somewhere or transport it somewhere rather And then what ends up happening is they find something in the back of the truck next thing, you know, the creepers arrived after being reborn and He kills them But what he does is he makes one of his weapons pop out of the Officer that he killed and it just pops back into his hand I do remember there was a moment like that in cathedral And I think that's why we got something similar to that with tash diggo at the end of jupers creepers 3 the one that we actually got so That scene in and of itself again looked cartoony in the version of jupers creepers 3 that we ultimately ended up getting Whether or not they decide to explore that power again in jupers creepers 4 Who knows they could also retcon it and make it well at that point I won't even say you're retconning it. You're just not having him display his power because I for As long as we can know as long as we've known there's some type of telekinesis going on with that monster The monster has telekinesis. So is even if you don't have that on display and you just decide to not Put that out there anymore in this franchise I wouldn't say that you retconning that power unless of course for you do it for a prolonged period of time We don't see any signs of that ever again But even still I know some of you could argue that it doesn't matter the creeper still possesses telekinesis powers And just decides not to use it So do you think those powers should be explored in jupers creepers 4 or do you think that they should just leave that alone? Or do you want to see even new powers? Get revealed that the creeper possesses because I know originally I've made a video about this before Something was going on where the creeper had like super speed at the end of the original film And he was running so fast that he almost caught on fire while he was chasing dairy and trisha Who had recently just jumped into his truck and left the police station and then of course there was a big Train crash that would end in the whole thing dairy still died, of course And I think we've gotten the original anything was cut do cut down through the budget restrictions But let me know what you guys think about this down in the comment section below if harry Of course make sure you subscribe turn on post location in this video in the description I've linked to my social media accounts I'm on facebook tour to instagram you can message me there of course If there's any movies news or reviews you'd like me to cover in the future with all that in my eyes I will see you in the next video


What's up, everyone? It's your girl Kenzie here from Layton Sports Guards, and I'm ripping a personal for Dallas P We've got two twenty two twenty twenty three top Star Wars signature series boxes. All right Dallas. Good luck. Let's see when you get here Luck luck. We've got something here. That's gonna be a Grand Moff Tarkin. That's sick. Nice looking card there Grand Moff Tarkin not numbered on that That's sick though That is Guy Henry has Grand Moff Tarkin Grats on that one Alright and second box second one here Got green 18 of 25 lowest number that we've seen so far today two great boxes here Dallas. Let's see who we got It's gonna be a wicked W Warwick Ward Davis as wicket W. Warwick on the green to 25 great boxes there Congrats again Dallas. Thanks so much for hopping in and we'll get these right out to you


What's up you guys, it's Dianna. Ah, something that has been on my mind. I'm like, okay, are you gonna do this girl?  So I am not really on social media. I am on YouTube. We do have a little family page, but I have been getting a lot of messages on the family Instagram. So I was like, look, all right, I'm gonna do this. I'm going to start an Instagram. So I'm starting an Instagram for you guys.  I'm gonna leave a link for that. It's gonna be a Dianna the PA. So go ahead and do that, because it is for you guys. I definitely don't know what I'm doing yet with regards to Instagram. It's gonna be a learning curve, you guys. So bear with me, okay?  So I hope you guys really like it. Thank you again for watching. I will see you guys next week. Bye.


The Israeli government has turned what was already a devastating blockade into a total siege, depriving millions of Palestinians of food, electricity, and internet. In a brutally terrifying time, leaving millions of people with no way to find each other or contact their loved ones outside of Gaza. Coming from the Israeli government right now is genocidal. Make no mistake. As Jews, we recognize it. And as Jews, we know that that means that through our grief, we have to speak up. The video we're about to watch is quite distressing, not because it contains any graphic physical content, but because it reveals the evidence of a troubled population. This is a population that claims to be civilized, but a deep analysis shows that it is still deeply entangled in savagery. The made strong effort to mug the oppressed people of Palestine over the actions of Hamas militants may God intervene and the failed miserably. Mysterious events were recorded in the lives of some of the content creators. Some of the pages that disseminated the videos were taken down and natural disasters are increasingly affecting many parts of the country. As Salaamu Alaikum, lovers of truth and justice, please like and share this video so that others can watch it as well. Hit the subscribe button to stay connected with us in the future. As a more civilized observer, I understand that not everyone is to support the collective punishment imposed on Palestine as a result of the counter offensive by Hamas yet. The majority who do are becoming increasingly zealous. These videos have gone viral. They might seem like content created to mock, but they dev deep and tell a better story about the hardship Palestinians have endured since their ancestral lands were occupied by refugees from America and Italy. They have been denied their land and property inheritance, locked up in an open prison called Gaza with no room for manoeuvre, denied a peaceful government labelled as terrorist, branded as evil and subjected to various forms of aggression because of their identity. Instead of mocking, these videos actually help the world understand that apartheid rule is what Palestine has been enduring for years. Let's watch the video and I will come back to react to them accordingly. This is pure insanity. The purpose of this video is not to mock Hamas, who staged a successful operation in Israel, unfortunately, leading to the loss of many lives, a very tragic event indeed. Instead, it seeks to mock the ordinary people of Gaza. Some of them are women and children. The most bewildering aspect is that this show of shame involves children, how insolent and insensitive, what misplaced aggression against the innocent. I know many people who have put forward a theory that the civilian population of Gaza tassantly supports the actions of Hamas, but nobody, including those in the Israeli government, has presented any evidence to prove that. All of these claims are within the realm of speculation. Using such speculations to justify the targeting of an entire population is barbaric and very cruel. These Israeli people who support the ongoing military operation in Gaza, which has turned the area into a Westland, should instead follow the examples of Israelis in Canada and America. American Jews are leading this effort today, speaking with our unique voice in this moment. And many, many of our non-Jewish allies are here with us in solidarity and have contributed extensively to make this possible. Corrupt failed reactionary leaders are setting the region on fire and targeting families with war crimes. The Israeli government has turned what was already a devastating blockade into a total siege, depriving millions of Palestinians of food, electricity and internet. In a brutally terrifying time, leaving millions of people with no way to find each other or contact their loved ones outside of Gaza. Coming from the Israeli government right now is genocidal. Make no mistake, as Jews, we recognize it. And as Jews, we know that that means that through our grief, we have to speak up. We have to speak up because we know we're saying things like human animals as you talk about. They are going to have to start naming the real reasons behind U.S. government policy in the Middle East, power, weapons, oil, racism, Islamophobia. They cannot do this in our name, not in our name, not in our name. We're calling on the U.S. not to ask them to show restraint, and we've seen that reflected already in memos that have been leaked to the media about the Biden administration, about the State Department, not saying anything about de-escalation or ceasefire. That is coming from the Netanyahu government's pressure, and that is precisely where the pressure ought to be specified. We are a government that sponsors the Israeli government with billions in military funding, and so our responsibility here, standing here as Americans, is to work the violence that we contribute to, and it obviously leads to the one government here that is objecting to any kind of de-escalation, and that is why we're raising our voices against it.


I'll go through the bits that the people in the room have already heard, but thanks and everyone. My name is Mark Sullivan. I'm going to moderate today. We have here with Craig Slipesley and of course Ewan Ferguson. Unfortunately, Michael Wooden sent his apologies late in the day, unfortunately had a clash of appointments and has had to pull out. So we've got 45 minutes put aside for this today and we're going to proceed by way of a presentation first of all by both Craig and Ewan and then of course we'll deal with some questions. Now those questions can come from the floor, I'm more than happy for that, but we've also got an SMS number and I'm pointing for those people that can't see me, where I'm pointing to that are watching this live stream. There's an SMS number that people can call through in. Please write this down at 0457-9993. I should say it's 0457-9993 and there's an email address that we're receiving email questions through on. That will be reviewfeedback, one word, reviewfeedback at cfa.vic.gov.au. So I'm going to repeat the questions that come up so that obviously people have great difficulty in hearing a lot of these things and we've had some feedback that it's good to read back the question. So try to keep the question short, the longer the question is the harder it is for people to really understand what's being said and what's going on. So I'm absolutely pleased to be able to welcome both Craig and Ewan to the live stream and what we'll do is hand over to Ewan first up and then straight into Craig. Cheers. Thanks Mark and for those on the video stream apologies if I'm looking around and for those who are in here with us, thank you for coming along. Apologies if I'm looking into the camera, I'm going to try and divide my time. Thanks for the introduction Mark and welcome Craig. I think it's important to put a bit of context in what we want to discuss today. There is an awful lot happening within CFA and if there are specific questions I can answer those. But the major purpose of today is to have a Q&A with Craig here as an emergency management commissioner because as well as a lot happening within CFA, there's also a lot happening within the sector and we're part of that as well. If one reflects back to the outcomes of the 2009 bushfire, Royal Commission, substantial number of recommendations, the majority of which have been acquitted. But some of the key findings of the Victorian bushfire Royal Commission was about setting up processes and protocols for the agencies to work more closely together, to work seamlessly in a 10 year blind arrangement. They clearly said that we needed to do better on warnings and there's been a completely new framework that's been adopted through the sector, which has not applied just to bushfires, it's applied to all emergencies. It also called for unambiguous leadership. And from that, there has been established what we call a line of control so that when we become operational, in today's terminology we have an emergency management commissioner, state response controller, regional controller and incident controller. So the line of control is now reflected at a state, regional and incident level. Something that many of you wouldn't know is that the state control team has been informed, which is comprised of emergency management commissioner, two deputy commissioners, and the chief officers of MFB, CFA, SES and Department of Environment, Water, Land and Planning. And we meet regularly. We have a regular scheduled meeting at 7.30 every Monday morning and then we sometimes have other meetings go beyond that to discuss items of mutual interest, common doctrine. We train a lot together and we also socialise together as well, probably not as much as we would all like. So my role as chief officer of CFA is quite clear to define, but there are times when I actually don't operate as chief officer of the CFA, I might operate as state response controller or I might operate as the state agency commander. But it's all part of a broader sector framework. It would be fair to say in introducing Craig that the sector is moving from just arrangements that deal with response to arrangements that deal with what happens before the event, during the event and after the event. And two of the really significant concepts which have been introduced since Black Saturday is this concept of emergency management rather than just being a fire service, we're an emergency management organisation and also consequence management. The sorts of words that you hear us commonly talking about are integration, integrated response. And to put that into the words that the community say to us, they don't care what colour the overalls are on the firefighter that comes and puts out the fire in their backyard, they don't care about the badge on the side of the truck, all they want is us to respond as efficiently and effectively as possible. Collaboration in planning and a great example of that are the common doctrine pieces that you'll see now flowing out of a project which has been running for about two years. And only this last fortnight there have been a number of joint operating procedures have come out and interoperability where we are now starting to hone in on those things which are different between our organisations that should be the same. I guess the final buzz word or mantra that we cite is that we work as one. So I think that's probably an introduction to where we sit as an agency in the sector but now to introduce Craig who is going to spell out the vision for emergency management in Victoria over to you Craig. Thanks, Ewan, and thanks for the opportunity. It was interesting and this has got a bit of a story behind it which is worth telling. I suppose we think sometimes at CFA are that connected because of what Ewan just talked about. Ewan's connected to us every day and we do things. It was only a little while ago that one of our staff members from me and he was out talking to Jonathan Granger and I had a chat with Jamie Demiddish from Community Safety, that's what you call them now. And it was obvious to me that we'd moved along way and all of CFA was not with us in the sense that the journey we weren't telling the story. And that's not because we didn't want to tell the story. I think we just thought CFA was there and we spent as Ewan said a whole bit of work with other agencies as I'll explain in a moment. So it is time to come back and spend a little bit more time with some of our people with you. And that's really important because CFA is one of the key iconic agencies in the emergency management within the state and we're going to make sure that every level is connected to what we're doing. So from Jonathan and Jamie and others, it was obvious to us to come out and actually have the open question. So hopefully today we don't have to talk a lot. I think we actually get the questions and that might have been set up. What is the next discussion that we have? And it doesn't need to be me or you and it can be others that do it. You know, the deputy chiefs are heavily involved. The deputy commissioners, Tony Murphy and Jay Baphoney are heavily involved and we've got other people in our place that can be with CFA to do that. And I think there's an observation of mine and you'll tell us we haven't quite told the story and the story is a bit different in the last 12 months. Now, I'll try and make this short for you. So those listening online and watching don't get bored and those in the room don't get restless. We have in 2009, obviously, the Royal Commission comes along, points of fire service commission. The Fire Service Commissioners Act was about fire.  What happens in storm? What happens in other emergencies? And it come true about three years down the track. So 2013, the government of the day under Peter Ryan's leadership said, we've got to make it more than just fire. So take the event of the Fire Service Commissioners Act out of the game, put in a modified emergency management act, which picks up the learnings that Ewan just talked about and puts them in the new world. So state response controller that Ewan and the other chief sit in and do as a role, how we wrap that to be a broader set of agencies. And you think about this, we're lucky in this state that we run the state response controller as one of the chief officers. But all of those chief officers are able to run fire, flood and storm. So Ewan can run, Ewan did run the floods in January. And on the biggest day this year, we had Trevor White was in the seat as the state response controller. Now, those that don't know Trevor's background, he comes from CFA, strong in fire, capable to be used anyway. One of our deputy commissioners, Tony Murphy, ex-MFB chief, the other deputy commissioner, Joe Befone, that's been at SES and CFA in the journey. So you think about the people we talk about, they're able to do that role with absolute confidence and credibility. And that's really important to be able to put that team together. And I'm blessed to actually be able to lead a team of the calibre of Ewan, Peter Rowe, Trevor White, Alan Goodwin, Tony Murphy, Joe Befone. Now, those names are really important in the leadership of what this is all about. Now, leadership is not just about leading, it's about credibility. It's about confidence in communities and we've got it. We've got it because we've got good people. And the state of Victoria is giving us a good feedback about the confidence they've got, not only in the agencies, but in the leadership of what we're about. Now, we'll read from a document, which is this document. I don't know if Keith, we can see that, but it's a document that's been published. It's on the EMV website, but it talks about the vision, the goals, the roles, and the values. And the values are really important. So we've simply set a vision that is safe from all resilient communities. Now, I always say, if anyone's heard me talk about it, we had written that five years ago, six years ago, 10 years ago, it would have had something about foreign emergency services, protecting communities or something. We're now seeing the move from this to be very community focused. SES has just rebadged themselves to say, save for communities together.  CFOs reset themselves to be similar, but with a longer set of words, but it's the same. It's focused, it's community focused. That's a really important step in the sector. That's not about us, it's about the community. And we might say we're community focused, but sometimes our behaviors, and that's not criticism, it's a reality. Sometimes we do get entrenched in what we do in our own agencies. So it's important. There's a whole set of other set of words here, but the words you and just used the moment ago, we work as one, is the next bit about the goal. So it talks about an emergency management system. And when we say we work as one, the words in here go, working conjunction with government, with agencies, with communities and business. Absolutely critical in EM, in emergency management that we have all of those. We can't do it by ourselves. O9 proved it. O9 proved it in more ways than one. Pandemic in, sorry, heat wave in O9, 374 people lost their lives. Ambulance Victoria couldn't do that by themselves. And nor should they. A week later, 173 people lose their lives. No one fire service could do that by themselves, let alone the other agencies around them. Later in that year, pandemic runs in, wasn't around at a health by itself. But if I explain that in detail, it was the GPs and the pharmaceutical guild. So the chemists of the state ran that. That was where the capability was. I was at health at the time, so we were heavily involved in those back room things of how those emergencies run. The other fundamental change in emergency management is that it's, we've got this term emergency services. The emergency service, by definition, is those that have got red and blue lights. Emergency management is the broader bit. Now the three ribbons, that little thing there, or the three ribbons we've got here, the EMV is not written as an agency, that's written as a sector. And when you read the words here, it's about emergency management in Victoria. Those three ribbons are the before, during and after. So whether you're in a local government in planning, or whether you're in the response bit of it, as CFA does and does so well, or you're in the aftermath with Red Cross or Council of Churches and all the other agencies, it's a system now that emergency management is the broad system of how we all fit together. And CFA does this extremely well. Your partnerships with Red Cross, community safety partnerships with Red Cross have been exceptional. You've done a lot of work with how you get a message into their fire-ready plans, their emergency-ready plans, all that. So the partnerships are critical, the systems what we're after. And we're miles ahead now than we've ever been. And I just, you and I were at a function this morning with the Commonwealth Government, we're down. And a gentleman walked up after and he said, hey, look in the room. If you had walked in here three or four years ago, I guarantee it would have been police, fire and SES people in the room. And today it was agencies that were broad. I think we had about 28 different agencies in the room that were participating in this readiness level. And the other thing I say, which is interesting, we don't invite them in. We're not inviting Red Cross in. We're not inviting, they have a role to play. They actually have a right to play. They have a responsibility to live or something. So that's the critical bit. And I'm not sure that part of the story has been shared as well as we could have. So that's part of what you and I certainly are trying to get across today. The other bit in here that I think is critical is values and behaviours. What are we? We're emergency management organisations. We're fire agencies. We're emergency service, whatever you think, but some people will still see us as a fire service or whatever. The people issues are the critical bit. Because we're people organisations. Who delivers it? It's either the career or volunteer staff in your organisation, whether it be Wenger, Adder or Shepardon, or whether it be in Bruthen, or Coring or Casterden, or Mildura or Merveen, it's all about people. Organisations like this and the sector, when we get the people issues right, we get it real right. Absolutely, it's about people. So the behaviours and values we've got in here about leadership, accountability, integration and agility, and I'll wrap them off real quick, but they're absolutely critical about a sector. So in good in leadership, look at Ewan. One of the strengths of Ewan is leadership. Strong leader with conviction, people believe and want to follow. Absolutely critical. Accountability. Sometimes we've seen organisations not take the accountabilities. They come out in the Royal Commission. So we've got to be strong in the accountabilities. Integrations critical, that we can't do it by ourselves, and the word agility I think is absolutely critical, in the sense if we're old fashioned and can't change, we'll get run over. We've got to be agile. We've got to be dynamic enough to be agile, and we've got to build agility. If we're living in something that we're precious about from 1970, believe me, it doesn't relate in 2015. Anyone that's got a 19-year-old child, you know it. Gen Zs are going to be the ones that push us along a bit and rightly so. So agility's got to be it. We've got to change. And I'm not saying we change for change's sake, we've got to change in a systematic way to do that. And that's not to say we've got it wrong, but it's about refreshing and transformation of what we do. And the other one's in the Bayviews about respect. Workers One, community-focused, listen, communicate, acknowledge the good, but take the opportunity. Now, I just read them off real quick. There's a lot more than those little words I just read in a sentence or a narrative, and that's part of what we're working with Ewan and Michael Wooten. And we only had a workshop a couple of Fridays ago where we had 31 depth secretaries of agency, CEOs, chief officers, EPA, health, ambulance, Victoria, CFA, all in the room to talk about what I just talked about. How do we get this to be a sector-wide set of issues that we change the way in which we have to? And like I said, it's not change for change's sake, it's something we've got to do. And no one agency can do it by themselves. An example, think about the training grounds. They're now badged Victorian emergency management training centers, VEMTEX. The reason that was badged was to give the ones that are owned and operated by CFA or the ones that are owned or operated by MFB now and who knows where else later? Because you think about these other training facilities out, they're under the banner, they're those, to try to give them a badge that connected to everyone. Because quite often it was saying, no, that's CFA's facility, you know, only CFA's. That's seen as MFB's. We've tried to break that in this strategy to say, no, no, no, you might own and operate it, but let's make sure it operates for all. For example, Vic Pol using in detail the Sunrasia training ground at the moment. And it was through the VEMTEX strategy that that's really come. Even though, if you rewind back in history and John Bell's in the room, we attempted through Bang Home many years ago to do a similar thing and we did for a while and then it dropped off. So we've actually got to rebuild some of those things about the multi-agency approach of how we get this training done and done smartly. So that's there and, you know, in CFA, the heartland of training is fistful and fistful's not there. And everyone will question that and rightly so, but it's not gonna reopen, it's gone. And there's lots of reasons why it won't reopen, but the strategy to build up the land and we're looking at other strategies of other capabilities in the state to fulfill what fistful used to do is critical. And look, 25 years of my life I was in CFA and my father helped build fistful and that's quite detailed in itself, but it's gone. And there'll be a lot of people out there will go, hang on, that's taken the heart of CFA away, that's changed, we've got to move it on. I grew up in the house, I didn't live there all my life. I grew up in the BDO fire station and you know what, we left there one day and moved to a new one down the road and that was a bit hard too, but we did it. So those sort of things are the journey we've got to be on and that's about the change. The only thing I probably just mentioned probably two other things you want before we go to questions, we've spent a huge amount of time on plants. The state bushfire plan's been rewritten. There's the state bushfire plan. There's a similar plan for heat, so the state heat plan. So the state health emergency response plan. We've got a state pandemic plan and it goes on and on and on and on. Now the plans we've got now are written around multi-agency because years ago the state bushfire plan, although it's interesting we really didn't have one, which is very interesting because it's one of the biggest risks to the state was very much about what the agency did in the plan. Now we've talked about what the joined up capabilities are and what the community should do and a shared responsibility. So it's a new approach to planning and I think it's actually a very strong approach to the way we've done it and Tony Murphy leads that out of his area. Huge amount of work to get plans up that are able to be read about what the community does and what we do with the community. What's the collaborative process? What's our capabilities? And what do we communicate? How do we communicate this? Because we know on the big day it's not us. It's how you communicate and engage and connect with communities to get them in the game. And that's we're good at that but we've got to be better at that particularly in the new world of social media. So they're their plans are important. And the last, there is two things I will say the challenge of the future and I'll do these real quick and I won't do justice to them. The challenge to all of us whether it's CFA, Ambulance Victoria whether it's a local government whether it's big government or local government population change, Victoria is growing. Some parts of Victoria is declining but the aggregate is growing. Six million people to 10 million people in the next 40 years, long time. That's 100,000 people extra a year and it's on target. 84 babies are born each week in the city of Wyndham and has been the case for the last 14 months. Do the numbers, just babies alone. There's over four and a half thousand new residents in the city of Wyndham every year. So what's it mean to emergency management? What's it mean to roads? What's it mean to health? What's it mean to education? What's it mean to all those things as critical? Climate change is with us. Ewan and I were a briefing today with the Bureau. They're saying that the next event in weather is unprecedented in the sense that the El Nino is going to be very significant if it kicks in and stays in. So the massive water out in the Pacific Ocean that is hot is as big as it's ever been. Not quite now, but they believe it'll beat the 1997. Massive water that had a lot of heat in it which brings the dry weather for our summer. However, in the Indian Ocean, it's also very warm water. The bit they're not sure about is when those two masses of water come together what it will do. What it could do is see us have a fire season and somewhere in that January, February period we could turn to floods like that. It could actually turn it. That's one of the scenarios to say it'll be long, dry, hot summer and when it changes it will drop and just drop a lot of rain on us. So that could be a scenario. Well, that will be a scenario they're painting up. So you think about what I just said about the emergency management thing. It's not just all about fire, Ewan. It's all about flood, Trevor. It's actually, we've got to be able to move between these and our capabilities will be critical across the agencies to do that. The other one's urbanisation. In population growth, the trends is people live in urban areas which means they'll live in the eastern seabird of Australia which means Melbourne and those provincial cities are a bit bigger. Globalisation sees manufacturing leave, technology takeover, tourism's a growth industry, manufacturing's a decline. You've seen that with the exit of Ford and Holden in manufacturing, big impacts. Community looks are different. If you went to Robinvale today and I'll get this, I think I'm right in saying this. I'll be 90% right. 47 different nationalities live in a town of 6,000 people today in Robinvale. That's quite, that doesn't reflect every country, town in Victoria but we had better get used of very diverse communities across Victoria because it's coming. We're going to have very diverse communities if we haven't already. Marutner, you do the profile there, quite a different community, so on and so on. So community looks in bulletin. Generational change, understand Gen Zs, understand Gen X and Ys of how they participate. Won't go into it but Gen Zs are really interesting. Great kids, 19 year old children coming to the workforce today, they see it different than we see it as in a little bit older dads and mums, don't we you? Apparently. And I can tell a good story about, I've got a Gen Z at home, it's a Ripper story, but I've told you a couple of times it was to do with the fire truck. And the last one is diversity. Diversity in our workforces. I look around the room here now and there's probably 50, 50 men and women. Our workforces across the sector do not reflect that. So don't whip yourself CFA about that. That's across the sector, that we are male dominated. They're not only male dominated, we're Anglo-Saxon in the way we see it. So the diversity issue is on the table and Ken Lay is ex-Chief Commissioner of Police is doing some work for us at the moment. Been with Ewan and Michael about what that means in CFA and we will work that through to say some things we're doing really well, let's keep them going, but there's other things we've got to be better at. And some of the ways we actually recruit and look will change to fit the community norm. Now it's probably me without going too far, I've probably said too much Mark. And just before we head over to Mark and I think it's relevant, we've currently got seven people in the United States as part of a 71 Australian New Zealand deployment. And then prior to that, we had I think around 100 something people in Canada last summer season. We saw CFA or Victorian resources going into New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia. So when Craig was talking about all those incidents and so on, one of the other things that we talked about this morning was cyclones and potentially tsunamis. So the world is a shrinking place and our role in the world is certainly there. I see John over there, you saw train, you know, you saw training, we can potentially run a whole range of incidents and responses and supports, not only interstate, but also to other countries. So it's another way in which we're changing. Thank you, thank you gentlemen. Actually first, for those people watching live online, I'll be moving around a little bit.  So what I'll do is, yeah, you'll see me walking around the room a little bit. I'm going to ask a couple of questions and probably the first one, which is quite timely. This is posed as a bit of a leading question with a why, but we might just change that. Is specialist response being removed from CFA volunteers? And I might ask you and to take that one. No, specialist response is, well, I'll perhaps go back to first principles. We have some principles around resource allocation. One of those principles is there will be no role discrimination between staff and volunteers. So that's the principle. When we come down to the practicalities of it though, what we see is that for a number of the specialist response schools, the degree of training and the currency of that training means a lot of volunteers simply don't have the time and commitment. But we know that and I was up at Wangaratta on the weekend. We've got both staff and volunteers in around Wangaratta who are trained up in Ripe Rescue, for example. We have Hazmat. We have Craig's actually a member of Base Water Brigade who do BA support. It's an area where we need to be more progressive in opening up opportunities for volunteers, but there is no discrimination. Got it. I think Mark, it's a bit, if I may, we can't provide the service in the state if we're going to actually bring it to one group or the other. You have to have both Korean volunteers capable to do this, to provide the service across Victoria. And that's to me a no-brainer. What the mix is, how you get it. You think of CFA runs 23 rescue appliances. They are critical to the state to provide rescue and the majority of them are volunteer rescues. So if it's out there as a question, I suppose I wonder why the question's there, if there's some level of uncertainty, but you can't provide the service to the state without a career volunteer model. Thank you. I think there's a number of questions that have been asked online in relation to this. So what I might do is I'll wrap those up in another question a little bit later. This one actually is for Craig. And it's about when do you see all ESOs using a common and unified command channel network instead of the existing CFA Delp command channel? Good question, eh? Look at that. You had got the briefing. I'll give my, you give the detail. We've got some big contracts about how we actually bring radios together. So some of them are the big contracts. Some of them are 2016, 17, 18 contracts. The long-term comm strategy gets us there, but it's not an overnight fix in all equations. So there's an evolution of it. You and I might be able to fill in the detail. Well, late last year, there was a launch of an emergency services communications blueprint, I think it was called. And in fact, yesterday, Shane Franklin, Tony O'Day and myself met with someone who is progressing the discussion about that long-term plan. We've certainly put on the table a couple of things. One is in particular the other Metro ring, which currently uses analog radio for dispatch and fire ground communications. When is that going to be digitized? And we also put on the table the need to move to digital for both our dispatch channels, but also our incident management channels with the introduction of the regional mobile radio system, which CFA started transitioning to about 12 months ago. That provides a platform and the hardware and the system to do that. And there is a plan to move to digital command channels over the next 12 to 18 months. There are a couple of other initiatives that we've put on the table. One is obviously the move to automatic vehicle location, which is currently being discussed for CFA with the move to digital radios. And the other thing we've put on the table is the replacement of these little jiggers, which in about 18 months, we need to determine whether we want to have a replacement of a pager or do we go to some other type of alerting communication device? So, we've put on the table, it could actually be an enhanced smartphone or it could be some other bit of hardware. And I actually said, it could also be something that you swallow a pill and it tells you how your heart rate's going and how your body temperature's going. So we have started to put on the table what our agency needs are. And this person who is actually acting under the instructions of some people who work for Craig is going to initiate a process where that will develop into a more detailed strategy. Thanks for that. I've actually got, there's a couple more that I'll wrap up into that again towards the end if we've got some time. But I'll have noticed a couple of questions coming through from people that are around data terminals and live tracking and what have you. So we'll see if we can get to those. A couple of quite important ones here, interoperability. Now as the statement up front, interoperability is very important to the sector and across the whole of Victoria. We now have a high level committee focusing on this. And the question from one of our listeners is how are volunteers involved in this process and decision making? I'll have a go at this first. This is a little complex. So just bear with me. We've actually formed a interoperability committee which you and I sit on along with the chief of MFB and the secretary of the U of U. That committee is to advise the two mechanisms of consultation. One is EVIC, so CFA, Enterprise Bargaining Consultative Committee. And the other one is called MUC, which is the MFB U of U Consultative Committee. Two consultative committees in structure by the mechanism of the industrial arrangements. So they're there by law. So we've put a mechanism in the middle where the two chiefs, myself and the union secretary, are attempting to make sure that we get consistent outcomes from those two consultative committees. And it's working. We've been able to get in there and have discussions during and about uniforms, gloves, helmets, trucks, all sorts of things, all of the things that are sometimes the thing that keep you apart. The bit that's not in there is the volunteers and we use the structured consultative committees that are in CFA together now, which are the joint consultative committees that I think Alan Slipovic and other deputy chiefs chair, and we're using that mechanism. Now, that doesn't mean that we haven't got them all together. We've just got different pipes of consultation. So you've got an MFB consultation mechanism. You've got a CFA staff consultation and you've got a CFA volume consultation mechanism and we're trying to get a number of things tied together over the top. So it is complex and we've got commitment from the chiefs to actually take that forward. It doesn't mean that career are getting a different level of outcome than volunteers, but the consultive mechanisms are separate. And that's a fact. I can't change the industrial mechanisms of what is federal law and in federal law, they ought to have consultive committees that are there and they are there. So MUC's there, an MFB and EBIC's there for CFA. They don't have the provision for volunteers to be represented in those. They are industrial committees and CFA has its own consultative committees, which are the volunteer joint consulted committees. They're there in structure and obviously there's a mechanism of how you and in particular has got to work between a couple of things to get them right. And this has been a subject of discussions at that interoperability leadership group. And I've made it quite clear or I hope I've made it quite clear that there will be things that MFB, or UFU or even Craig might have a position on and be able to say, yes, we're gonna run with this. And because I'm representing both staff of CFA and the volunteers of CFA, I may have to go back and say, I've got to seek the views from VFBV or from those joint committees. Now that's not us being a dam in the river of progress in integration and interoperability. It's more that at a high level, there'll be some things where I can say, yep, I can lead our people to that. I can agree to that now. But there are other things that I need to go back and consult. And a recent example of this, a government commitment around the additional 350 firefighters, the introduction of emergency medical response. There has been some dialogue with the United Firefighters Union and obviously EMV and government around what that looks like for CFA. And about 10 days ago, we convened a meeting with the OICs and the first-left tenants or a senior volunteer from each of the integrated brigades. And we talked through what that 350 firefighter deployment might look like and EMR implementation might look like across our integrated stations. Now, that was an important plank of our consultation with both our staff and our volunteers, which enables us, based on the feedback, and there's a lot of feedback we got from that day, based on that feedback, we're able to then go back into UFU, back into EMV, Department of Justice, and also to the minister and say we think this we can live with and we can have broad support within our organisation. Thanks, Julian. I'm going to ask the room now, because I've taken a lot from online, questions within the room. I'll see you show of hands. Future of the Kangaroo Ground, ICC. Yep.  So, we should declare who Brian is, a well-informed person on the subject and a good person. It's probably an answer that it's not to do with Kangaroo Ground in the initial stages. We've just actually got consultants in, so we've gone external to do this, to look at what is the capital works or what's the future investment in ICCs across the state and regional control centres across the state. So, we currently run 42 ICCs, I think, Julian? Yes, sir. 42, 43. Kangaroo Ground's one of those. Separate of that, we've also had the Adam Metropolitan Leadership Group and the one that did lead it was Darren McQuade, who's an acting assistant chief fire officer at MFB. To look at what the Metropolitan footprint of ICCs is. That's on my desk at the moment and we'll share that with the chief shortly. But the bigger bit is what do we do with ICCs in general and what's the investment across the footprint of the state? So, I think that's an important piece. Don't get over fussed Brian by Kangaroo Ground because there will be an ICC in that footprint somewhere. It is a risk profile that we've identified need to be there. The next one around is that challenging about the grassland interface which starts about the Hume Highway or to the west of the Plenty Gorge. What ICC do we have over there? Craigiburn comes up. Do we build one in Craigiburn? What happens with Gisborne? The Sunshine one. So, there's a bit of a challenge in there that's got some debate in it and that will be worked through. But the footprint that Kangaroo Ground operates now is a footprint, but whether it lives at Kangaroo Ground or somewhere else in that footprint will be the challenge that we have to answer and obviously that'll be consultation with all the agencies because the ICCs aren't just about fire as well. So, we've got to look at one of the other issues. So, hopefully that gives you a part of the answer in process but not the solution. Thank you for that. Another question from the room. We've got a couple of minutes left.  Probably a question for both Craig and you. Is lots of tall rumours or what it was called about and what our manager's going to look like in the future? I'll do it for you. The minister's been very clear. There's no amalgamation of MFB CFA. There's no change to borders. What the fire service review, and if you read the review about resources management structures, it will challenge the way we operate it. I've been very clear in the submission that I've put forward that we have to be better at interoperability and we have to be able to deal with what is the growth in the fire service review. So, I think that's a good question. I think that's a good question. And we have to be able to deal with what is the growth in particularly the metropolitan area better. It's got our volunteers in it. It's got our career staff in it. Your badges aren't going to change. We're not pulling CFA down. We're not pulling MFB down. And we're not creating one is the footprint. What happens in years to come? I can't predict, but that's today's position by this government. And I'd suggest it's the position of the previous government. So nothing's changed there. What will be the issue in the review is how we actually deal with the growth we've got in the future to provide the service. And Ewan deals with it every day. Where's the next need to supplement a volunteer brigade with staff? Wins the right time to do it? How do you do it? And what's the consultation mechanisms to allow us to do that? We need volunteers in the metropolitan area and we'll need an urban volunteer of the future because of what I just talked about before. Declining real population will see urbanisation. That means we've got to be very good at having volunteers and career staff to provide the service. And perhaps I can add to that, well, hopefully add to that. I'll give an example. A couple of months ago, we had a situation where we didn't have a leading firefighter at Milton Fire Station for the night shift. And we'd run out of leading firefighters. So Craig and I have had a round and had about... They offered me over time. No, no. I think we had about 15 telephone calls and the union were part of that. And what would have been ideal would have been, for me to be able to ring up Petter Rouse, I'd say, I need a leading firefighter to do a night shift at Milton. He might say, yep, I've got one. And then when he or she arrives, basically, they're trained in the pumper. They understand the basic fire ground, radio procedures, able to work in our team environment. But the other thing is, whilst the badge on the shoulder might be different, the uniform might actually be very similar. And we see that in our protective clothing, where there is a high degree of similarity. And we actually had a discussion at the last Interoperability Committee, whether we continue with MFB on the back and CFA on the back, or we just say, well, this is what firefighters have. Our station wear, day wear, and currently CFA is on the cusp of providing a similar looking garment, which will be available for volunteers. That might look, it might be exactly the same for CFA staff and MFB staff, but simply have a different badge on. So we're, and I think this is one of the reasons why the chiefs are sitting together with the union, because there are some things where it just makes good logical sense that MFB shirt and CFA shirt should look the same. And incidentally, getting in a bit of detail, MFB have said, we kind of like the CFA shirt. It's got a firearm. So it doesn't make us look like coppers, or do you respect the police? And the feedback we've had from our people is we like the MFB trouser. So we think there's some percentages there. And there's a lot more of that to be done. Just to mark, I know you're going to wrap it up. In about three minutes, I will have three minutes. There's two things I wouldn't mind to say just quickly. One is James Dullard's in the room here. James will be hiding in the corner, he can't see me, so I can say it. James currently is on succumbent to a position that works for Ewan and I and Peter Rower collectively. And it's called the director of the Fire Service Enhancement Project. He's actually replacing Ken Brown, who's an MFB assistant chief officer, while Ken's on leave. And that is to do what we just talked about. That's the person that will pull it all together and say, hey, how do we get joint training? How do we get joint recruit training? How do we get the shirts sorted? How do we get the same BA cylinders? How do we get the same BAs? How do we get the same, the same, the same? And we've got to do this. This is, and James has only been in two and a half weeks, I think now. He's got another seven to go. So he's got a fair bit of time to deliver lots of things. And from that, really critical. But you think about it, yeah, we had an MFB senior manager and now we've got a CFA senior manager to lead this for CFA and MFB to get the right outcome. And it's not going to hurt people, it's the right outcome. And the second one is Ewan's leaving and I just got to say, well done to Ewan. There's plenty of times to say farewell to Ewan. But I, in particular, the amount of people that know Ewan in CFA is across the board. And I spoke this morning about Ewan and I won't go into the details today on this, but you're losing a good person because Ewan's got one of the best hearts if you'll ever have. He's got some of the best leadership skills and he's been able to do it and get out and do things that he's actually hard yards. And he works eight days a week, he works 25 hours a day, I'll explain it today. And it's going to be a big gap that CFA will get a good person back in because CFA is a great place. So well done, Ewan. Thanks, Craig. Thank you for those comments. Yeah. Thank you and hopefully they're all clapping on the other end as well. I did want to just close by saying the CFA board has put a submission into the Fire Services Review. And without going into any detail, it reinforced the significance of volunteers in the service delivery models that CFA has, the significance of volunteers on our culture on what we call the Distributed Leadership Model or Mission Command, Empowering of Local Leadership. And it also reinforced the importance of CFA members in their communities and that the strength of CFA actually represents a strength in community resilience. There's a whole lot of other stuff in there as well. I think it's a particularly good submission in that it describes a lot of the strategies that we've been working on for the last five years. But it also puts forward, and we have had dialogue with David O'Burn, who's the reviewer. The board met with him for two hours yesterday and it was a good discussion. So we are looking forward to the results of that review eagerly and we think it will be a good opportunity to pay day joint vision for the future in addition to what Craig's been talking about today. Thank you, Chief. And thank you, Commissioner. Round of applause next to everyone. Thank you. APPLAUSE Ladies and gentlemen, we've reached the end of our time. Those people live streaming can't see me, but I'm speaking off-camera and I'll stay off-camera for the moment. But I'd like to thank you for being here, asking questions. There were a lot of questions that we didn't get to. Obviously, there's a lot of people out there watching. A lot of people got a lot of things on their mind. We were submitted questions beforehand as well, but we got through a number of those by, if you like, the responses being rolled into a number of themes there. What I will say is that we're going to be running more live streaming sessions and we'll be notifying via the formal and informal channels over the next few weeks. And those live streaming sessions, they're only as good as the questions that we're getting from people. We're sure we can talk down the line, but it'd be a very good idea if we could get a lot of questions beforehand. So we'll promote what the subject matter's going to be. I'm moving in now and I'll be turning off very shortly. So thank you, gentlemen, for being here today. Your questions, they've been great. I think that's really tested them. And on that note, I'm going to wrap it up. Thank you very much. Cheers. Thank you. There you go. Did you do a lot of this? Did you do a lot? Look, we have done, though, must admit it's...