This is an ogm on October 27, 2020. Sorry, go ahead. No, I'm sorry. I was just asking Ken, how are you doing? How's your area there? That's good. I'm, I'm much better now. I'm not my senses work wrapped up. So someone was asking me about this yesterday said I'm not necessarily happier, but I'm far less angry. I realized that I was really getting angry from everything I was seeing. And I just kept trying to not have it enter my life. But man, it was really, really anger making. So I feel a lot better than that regard. It's still fairly warm here. It gets up into the 70s during the day. And once the sun goes behind the ridge, it cools way off. So we're nighting outside. I'm sad. I live outside from, from basically much as I can from April to October. And I'm, I'm really looking at, okay, I'm going to have to be in the house now for the next few months. And without the general, you know, the usual use of being outside for social distancing events for the people. It's going to be a lot harder.  Yeah, it's so true. This call has no particular agenda other than questions, answers, brainstorming, throwing throwing ideas in the pot for Thursday's workshop. So I'd rather be available and go wherever the conversation wants to go and not use it so much as a check in round because that will lead our hour right away but rather see what we're leaning into. So I do have a question. And you sort of answered this for me and I'll probably just post it on to the OGM list I did. It was really great at making videos. So what I did was I took all the questions, I think, might have been Matt that that wrote them up. And I just answered them. So I have a lengthy list of my vision of the future looking back, you know, with five years. So is it okay just post that to the, the open goal mind list. Just a link to if you did in the Google Doc or something just put that on the Google Doc. Sure. That sounds great. Just add the link and put the following hashtag in your subject line. So we have 25 2025. Come stop. Just include that in the subject line and that will tag it and then I will add it to I've got to let me just show everybody the submissions I've got so far. So people sent you things that are not in the OGM list, because ideally we should read one another's, I don't know when I'll do that but I know exactly I think we should try to read each other's things. I'm harvesting them from the list I don't think anybody sent me one personally I think these are all things I've seen float by on the list. So Jack you're in there. Your romancing conversation topics presentation is in there Jack. I wanted, I wanted to comment on that. Owing to my schedule on Friday, Thursday's turning out to be a really nasty day. I expect to be in but I cannot make any guarantees of when I will enter and how long I can stay. So it may be that I need to withdraw doing a presentation. And basically I can rely on Mark Antoine speaking for topics that are important to me. I think I would like them to make that two presentations if like one speaking on behalf of Jack and speaking on mine, because we have a lot in common, but we also have a lot that's distinct. Yeah, and I don't mark I don't want you to sacrifice what you're bringing into the conversation yourself Mark Antoine, because you're carrying for two people, and I'm not sure we have put you we just did a little bit of team sorting people out into four teams who have registered and I know that the, you know, the participants are going to change a little bit between now and Thursday but we're pretty close. And I'm not sure you two are on the same team so it will be difficult for you Mark Antoine to represent for both. So I'll go, I'll take a look. Let me just share the list because it's in the matte the matte designed document that actually has all the agenda and all that we just put it in the bottom of that. So let me open that and give everybody a link to go look at it again. There we go. Come on computer do your thing a little faster. Other thoughts, questions. I did not complete work I wanted to do in the wiki but I have further thoughts on it that I'd like to discuss if there's time for that but maybe there's other questions first. That sounds great. Jackie we're going to say something. No, I do you have a sense of what time I would would talk. So take a look at the agenda the document that just put in. Go ahead and link to it and you'll see the agenda for Thursday, which is halfway down it says draft session in process. And so it starts and these are all all times are Eastern. So you've got to subtract a little bit. But we have basically two longish breakouts for for the teams and then the draft team list is at the very bottom of the document. And so, Jack and Mark on 20 currently on teams one and two separately. So, and then you know we were hoping to then bring everybody back in at 130 Eastern, which is I guess 1030 Pacific to sort of share back what the different breakouts did, and then an hour later to sort this out into okay so what does that mean we all need to try to do together. What makes me italics were people we thought had to bounce out of the meeting, and I will unitalicize can, because he just said that he's good to go he'd got he'd mixed up the times a little bit. And that is my sizing Jack. Yeah, thank you.  Oh, I know because I have time to the teams occur what what is the specific time of day. So if you look at the agenda. The first one is this synthesized so team. This is not clear but teams meet at 715. So we have a quick introduction. Can I screwed up and didn't mention to Matt that you would be interested in doing a 10 minute centering exercise. So let me get that to him and see if we can put that in the middle here. I apologize. Because I'd like to, I'd love to have that. So, so that's the timing. You're putting the teams that like California time 715 in the morning. Correct. I can guarantee you I am not home at that time. That's that's that's the day starts really early. And after probably order of magnitude. I'm back. And there's no guarantee on that. So you mean your work day with other materials starts really early. I am providing wheels from for Linda. Okay. Starts at seven in the morning. Gotcha. Okay. And so you've got to you got to be sure for a while at that hour. There's no way I could. That's kind of sad, but you could, you could call in. But you'd be driving, you'd be driving and all that, but you could call in. Yeah, that's the issue. So, It's cumbersome, but feasible. I feasible but impractical. Yes, there is that it's impractical cumbersome. It's it. Trust me, I'd love to be there, but I, I, I, you know, I made, I made a trades. Linda's providing wheels for me on Friday. So I have to provide them on Thursday. Then you have to give up your first born. Oh wait, that's long ago. My first born is 32 years old. I don't know too late to give them up. Yes. So I guess that's off the table.  I don't mean the whole logistics of Thursday. She was never up. I'm sure she was on a table at some point. I mean, seriously.  Exactly. Exactly. So at one point, somehow, anyway, it started to be distraction here. So if you, if you, if you want to consider dialing in and just trying to be in on the phone, we can help you with, I'll get you the number and all that kind of thing. Because it's in, you know, zoom generates dial in numbers as well. If not totally understand, and we will try to figure out how to, how to get in and through representing what you think. No, wait a minute. Do you have to have zoom in your phone to dial in. You can, you can use just a regular phone call. There's a, there's a dial in protocol just like free conference call used to have. I will, I will take you up on that. And, and again, it's not a guarantee, but I will carry the phone number with me and, and. Then you just need to, you need to give the presentation to link to someone and tell them next slide, please. Go to slide three, go to. Go ahead. Sorry, Jack. I, okay, I could make a print out of my presentation and have it with me. All right, so I will keep that, that idea in mind, but again, no guarantee. And also it's the same presentation that you sent that I've put in my brain, et cetera, that that's the presentation. Except that that that was just a draft. Right. And it's far from the story I want to tell. Okay, because if you send the link before Thursday, we can share the link with your teammates and people can both look at it beforehand and be paging through it themselves as you talk, for example, that would be really nice. I will do the best I can on that point. Nothing is guaranteed this week is weird. You know what there's an election in seven days that phrase nothing is guaranteed is like top of my mind right now. Yeah. And everything is weird. And everything is weird. Yeah. And it is what it is. Somebody said that. Yeah, right. So, and also I'm working on my contribution to the Thursday thing. I thought I was going to get it done over the weekend didn't, but I should have the text done tonight and I was going to record it also. So I will put that out. If, if the winds are with me, I'll put that out late tonight. So I just want to say let's make sure that we don't put Jack in a position where he'd be distracted driving. So if I will not do this when I'm driving, trust me. Okay. All right. Great. I just don't want you to be going next slide trying to look at your print out and drive. That's not.  I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know.  The thing is that, that, that. I will be parked. And if I know that I'm going to be parked long enough, I will take it on and I may be in the middle of a talk and have to go. Take your phone charger and your cigarette lighter plugin. That's how I do it. Excellent. Your vitamins. And the thermos of coffee. Words to that effect. Or something. Cool. Other thoughts, other questions, other. Thank you. Happy to be solving some logistics here too. It's, it's a, we really want you to be a part of it. I do. And if we don't have questions about Thursday, then what else? That's OGM. Would you like to talk about Mark Antoine? Do you want to talk more about the low wiki? Yeah. So the initial wiki. Pattern I had proposed and maybe I should put. The. Design link. Back in the. Or share screen. That's easier. Oh, where's my. Well, let me give you a screen access. Maybe useful. Good. So you have, you have. Yeah, this one. Do it. There we go. Good. So tools to that review. That's what you're saying. Seeing. Yes. Yes. Okay. So we, we had started dividing this director issues patterns. And then I'm like, okay, well, we also want, maybe I also want tools to see this tool is using this pattern and enabling that pattern. Right. And then I realized, well, this is for more for technical tools. What about methodologies? And when is the methodology of pattern as opposed to a tool? I mean, I think we do want to extract patterns from. Methodologies and tools. Do we want. Because it's, it's a higher level of abstraction. So is that something that we want people to describe their tools or other tools that need not be theirs? Like the brain is a tool, I guess. The. Or is that out of scope for. The pattern language. That's, I'd like to have feedback on that. So two comments. First, let me frame this so that Romer and Ken and everybody are sort of up to speed. I'm going to go back to the previous conversation in the previous brain group. We would like to develop a pattern language for OGM for how we work, what we do. The pattern language is a distillation of wisdom from a discipline. So in a pattern language, the first book to sort of explain this, it was the wisdom of how do you design a village all the way down from the airplane view of what is green space? What is building space all the way down to, you know, make sure you put niches in for children, for kids in your home as you've designed. And this was all distilled wisdom, which is bubbled down to memorable titles. And then a series of fields that recur. Across each of the patterns. So there's a, what are the forces at play that caused this to be an interesting thing? What is our solution to the forces of play?  And so the document that Mark Antoine just shared with us. Is basically a document that outlines what those fields would be and how the pattern language would work. And so I think if that's not enough framing, let me know.  Yeah, my follow up question with that Jerry is where, where do we do the extractions of this languages? So, so this document is a design document that you won't need to look at for a wiki that Mark Antoine can also show. That is where we would actually, which is, which looks roughly like this. It's, it's an edit mode and it's deep in edit mode, but can you just go to a template? Oh no, and I can't because. He's been working. It's backup. Oh, you have a link in key base or I can just put it here too. I got it in key base. Thank you. Different. And it's okay if I share it with everybody. So rumor, the pieces you would see is the piece that Mark Antoine is about to show, which will look like a form basically on a, on a webpage, which is, which happens to be on a wiki and the form will step you through the things to answer for a particular pattern that then connects to other patterns. And we're using semantic wiki media wiki, because it's really, really brilliant about the semantic links so that when you say that this pattern here depends on this other pattern over there and affects this pattern down further down the food chain, semantic media wiki is really good at making those links and doing the back links. See here when I define protocol, and this is a form. So it addresses silos. So I can add if there were another issue, I could say, well, it also addresses this one. These are links to pages. And because I've put silos in what this pattern addresses. So this is what I'm trying to do. I, by the way, I find it useful to call this a structured database rather than a wiki. Because we're not going to use it like a wiki very much. Even though. Which brings me to this point.  Like a wiki. Yeah. I'm just going to use the wiki function, which brings me to the second point. It's a, it's a, it's a, it's a mix because within the wiki, within each field you have wiki function. That's. Yeah. That's right. The distinction. I think most people, when you say wiki, they have a particular idea of, you know, it's, I, I get it kind of it's a hypertext. And yeah, we're going to use some of the wiki features of this structured database is the way that I think it'll be most useful for people. So to answer Mark Antoine's question about methodologies and tools, I'm on both sides of it on the one hand. I think clearly we need to mix in methodologies and tools. On the other hand, my fear is that everything we do to make the form more daunting and to have more fields will catastrophically reduce the likelihood anybody's going to go in and mess with it. And so if we used wiki style internal links in what we say about the patterns mentioning tools and methodologies, we could later retrofit and upgrade and do something else around those and map to them. But my fear is that if we add them in early, we're going to kill participation. Please, Mark Antoine. OK, that's a good point. For me, they were not part of the form. Each tool would get a page. Each methodology would get a page. And what you get in the form is links to this. Now, it does make entry a multi-step process, which is maybe more difficult. So maybe we should describe it as text and we'll factor them into their own page later as a way for people who don't want to create a page and look at link mechanics to make it easier for them. I don't know. I'm trying to think of what's the right balance here. Yeah. Anybody else have feelings on this? Yeah, one more question is, where do we foresee this tool being used? Any specific area of OGM or, yeah? I think it depends what we think OGM is. But from what I understand, OGM is about collective intelligence and patterns of using collective intelligence to solve problems. And so we want to understand, we want to have a catalog of the techniques we may apply to that broadly defined goal. And the techniques are one thing and the tools are another. But what are the deeper patterns that recur and that we may use in designing new tools and techniques is what we're trying to answer. Jerry, maybe you had another perspective. And maybe just an example to elaborate. A pattern I would try to put in here at the beginning and then enter into conversation, rather, because I'm sure that this is not the right pattern at the end, but it's basically, let's not reinvent the wheel. And by that pattern, I mean that for everything that OGM doesn't touch is, don't go start a new movement. If there's a movement over there that we can actually help and incorporate and be part of. Don't write new code if there's code that exists like semantic media wiki or tiddly wiki or whatever. Let's adapt appropriate. And then what we'll see is that there's framework missing. There's glue missing. There's a protocol missing. We can write that. And then we're basically acting as connectors. But don't reinvent the wheel, I think becomes a pattern that goes into the OGM pattern language. Does that make sense? And does anybody else agree? That makes sense to me. Yeah. And so we need, so, so rumor, the pattern language is meant to be a pithy and quick way to onboard new people, a good way for us to agree on how we work together. Right? So like some new, some new project shows up and we then start talking about how to incorporate what to do. And then somebody will say, no, no, no, we could do that except it would violate a pattern we've agreed to before. And so let's not do that. Let's obey the pattern, which then leads us to do it in this other way. Is there a way to look at all of this?  And I think that's gonna be really important going forward with this so that we don't end up with incredible complexity. So maybe that's something that would warrant a little bit of discussion even this week in the workshop because we wanna build on existing things, not change massively, which confounds participation. Well, I've said what I wanted to say.  Yeah, I guess it was yesterday about, about this pattern language wiki or structured database, which is pattern language is a really only good and useful and functional when they're very crystalline, crisp, succinct, pithy, name your word. But a piece of the process of making the pattern language is to make sure it doesn't turn into really big essays. I love Michelle Bowens and I love the peer-to-peer foundation project. But when I go to the peer-to-peer foundation wiki and look around, everything is really, really, really lengthy, it's not pithy and I have a huge trouble sort of getting through it. It's the similar to my problem. I used to use Google's Newsreader until they deprecated it, but I would go in there and I would read like three things. And Twitter, I read 500 things and then I follow links to a couple of really good things because Twitter enforces, you know, pithiness. Exactly, succinctness. So for me, Twitter is a better filter for what's worth reading later than a newsreader or whatever else. So what we're trying to do here is be both pithy but wise and so we don't wanna put in be good to everybody as a pattern language pattern, right? It's like, of course we should be good to everybody but there might be other sorts of assumptions like assume good intent might actually be a pattern in our wiki because that's different from be good to everybody, like obey the golden rule. Mac Antoine, à toi. Totally agreement except one thing, pithiness is an end result. It's something you get at the end of the process. It's not something you can assume you'll have all along. It requires work. The famous Exocryphal Pascal quote, sorry for this long letter that I did not have time to make short. Yeah, exactly. But I think that there are adjectives we can encourage in terms of brevity, succinctness, focus, key points, other things that are able to be institutionalized in a process mode. And along that same line, and forgive me, Jerry, if this is already well embedded but I know you're talking about a different platform for the brain that would do more things that we would want it to do, freeing it. And it would be helpful to be able to segregate the process dimensions from the fact dimensions in many key topic areas because that would help people regulate and implement further forward. And I agree totally. And for me, this is the point of the pattern language. The pattern language is all about process. It may mention tools, it may mention methodologies, but that's also process, right? Right. It's not about facts, that's very, very, very clear. Another precision, I think some of the patterns you named, some of them are patterns and some of them are very much hinting to anti-patterns. And it will always be like each pattern has its shadow anti-pattern issue. What is patterns trying to solve? It's true that when I put protocol as a pattern, I should maybe rephrase it as protocol versus tools or protocol versus one tool to rule them all. Yep. An important thing is what we call each pattern because they need to be a little tongue in cheek, a little memorable, otherwise they don't stick and otherwise we don't kind of get them and we don't wind up using them in conversation. So we know the pattern language is working when we're busy doing our work as OGM and we start citing the patterns. That's a total sign of success that the pattern language is working. Just to backtrack a little bit, can you just give an example of the separation you were talking about, Judy or Marc-Antoine, a moment ago between... Well, I guess I think of the brain as leading me on a massive encyclopedic mind map of thoughts connected to other thoughts. And sometimes under thoughts, there are specific organizations or groups or activities that are fostering the development or evolution of that thought. But having those two dimensions clarified so that if I, let's say I wanna know the top five organizations that are doing something globally in regenerative agriculture just because that's Klaus's favorite. How do I get to those past instead of feeding through a lot of other directions? It's a different dimensionality. And also I'm trying to... One of the tensions I'm trying to manage or polarities I'm trying to manage is how do we stay kind of meta in OGM so that we can be more helpful to very specific initiatives like Klaus's on soil fertility and regenerative act. And like Kevin Jones's on neighborhood economics and so forth. And so it's really useful to have extremely concrete cases and people passionate about domains but we need to figure out how to take that energy and turn it into something more meta at this level of discussion. Maybe it's something like case studies. Yeah. Because then you can replicate what someone else did. You don't have to reinvent the whole process. And that might be an extraction. I'm sorry. No, no. It's when you said case studies, I was just writing it in the pattern language like tools methodologies and case studies. It's like, yes. Other thoughts, other questions? Pete. One of my observations about Alexander's A pattern language is that it's got a lot of hierarchy too. And usually in graph things, hierarchy is kind of a no-no. But I think along with pithiness and conciseness and brevity, the hierarchy of A pattern language means that you can find your way to the right place where you need to work. So I think that's an important goal. Something again that you won't have early on but as it continues to evolve, I think it's a good thing. And in the original A pattern language, there was kind of a natural hierarchy because it was about how do you design a very livable village. And so they were at the highest level, it was kind of land use. And at the very lowest level, it was once you were inside a house and in the middle were things like the transition from the street into the house. That's a pattern, right? And then after that comes a pattern for how do you place doors and windows on a wall? But before that comes, how do you site a house on a lot? And the order of those patterns in the more or less hierarchy was also a distilled wisdom. I think it's a good point. And it's obvious what the hierarchy is in hindsight. But when they were working on it, I'm not sure that it was necessarily, it was probably kind of like, oh, I've got lots of things to think about. How would I organize this? What would the hierarchy be like? I think in software patterns, which were inspired by Alexander's work, we ended up with kind of a big mishmash of stuff. And we could have had, I think, better hierarchy in software patterns and that would have helped people adopt it more. But it was kind of like everything got thrown in a bucket kind of and it's not as well, groomed. The software patterns used more the dependency link than the, and then there was the enterprise software pattern work of Fowler, which is kind of higher scale software patterns. But it came later. But I have the scale variable in the pattern, which I think is what you were talking about. But I think that the usage also forms a hierarchy. I think it's a multi-hyverarchy. I agree, and that way it's a graph, but I agree hierarchies are important, but there's more than one axis. Scale is an axis, and dependency is an axis. Highly key is a navigational feature of certain kinds of pattern languages. And then there are other ways to traverse them as well. I think that'll work well. A really brief and fun side story. So Dick Gabriel, who also goes by Richard Gabriel, is a poet, a genius, and has done a whole bunch of super interesting things in his life, one of which was befriending Christopher Alexander, which is no mean feat because Christopher Alexander is a paranoid, kind of crazy old geezer now. And so Gabriel basically saw the pattern language stuff and carried it over. He's been the chairman of UPSLA for a long time, invited me to do a keynote at UPSLA in 2002 that I've put on YouTube. So I can go put that link in our chat if anybody ever wants to see that. And I watched that talk more recently and I was like, holy crap, wow. That's the talk when at the end of it, when I used Yin and Yang and at the end of it, a young Asian American woman walked up to me and she said, I think you mean Yin is the feminine, right? Cause I had reversed them. Hadn't done that much homework at the time. But anyway, so Gabriel noticed the pattern language stuff from Alexander, took it over into UPSLA and helped make it a part of what it does now in software. And a lot of people in software love pattern languages more than architects do because in architecture and urban planning, it means eagelessness. And there's a whole lot of ego in architecture and urban planning. It's like, oh, that's an IM pay. That's a Michael Graves building. And Alexander is saying the opposite. He's saying the opposite that the people who occupy space should actually get to design this space, which is why they invent a pattern language in the first place. And then last piece of the story. So Gabriel got first like galley drafts of the nature of order, which is Christopher Alexander's four volume tome about beauty, the nature of beauty. And so Gabriel was kind of an early reader and critic of it and stuff like that. Super, super interesting. And Gabriel can go way deep into all of this. Also, Kenneth Tyler, who's in OGM, he and I and a couple of other people had a book club way back when trying to read our way through the nature of order. We never made it through the first like 50 pages, but it was fascinating. It was really, so Kenneth runs really deep on this stuff as well. Back to our regularly scheduled program, which is already in progress. I've got a quick question for Mark Antoine. I wonder if you have maybe, or if perhaps we could make an anterior relationship diagram out of this. And then I wonder if that's useful, will be useful for other people or not. I think it would be, even if you haven't read them before. I can do that. Absolutely, that's important. I approve, it will be, I'll use dot or something like that. I think it'll be fun for people, I hope. Okay, I'm on it. I'm on other things. I'll put a link to entity relationship diagrams in the chat. It might be late, but it'll happen. Oh, and I'll find that, my oops, let's talk. Do you want to share now and see what else is up? Romer, what do you mean by extracting? You're muted. Oh, hi Pete. I was referring to as the tool extracts the different relationship for specific pattern. Are this information or data being extracted? Are this like static data or that's already been part of our governing document or are this like dynamic that continuously evolve us? It's the tool, I don't think, actually Mark and Trondi, do you want to share with us maybe? It doesn't do that much. It's a tool for expressing pattern language. It is very much a wiki, it is very much a wiki. A wiki, okay. But it has some computed queries. See, when I'm saying, not this, yeah. The example I gave is here I explicitly said that protocol addresses silos, data silos, but because I made that by hand operation, that by hand reference, this one came automatically. So that's all the extraction it does. It's not much. It's automated backlinks. The relationships are automatically updated unlike a regular wiki. But the work of expressing a pattern, kind of ideating, observing a pattern saying, and then talking especially, I think this is a pattern and somebody else might say, well, if we make it a little bit bigger, a little bit smaller or express it a little bit differently, I feel like that captures what we're talking about as a pattern better. So this is really kind of conceptually, if you think of this tool as a whiteboard that has a little bit of structured help as we express a pattern, that's kind of what we wanna do with this tool, at least for a while. At some point, it'll be a lot more like a presentation or like what I would think of as a wiki, something finished, more finished, not static, but more finished, or a book or a deck of cards or something like that. It'll be something where it's become a repository of patterns. But for a while, it's gonna be just a smart whiteboard that lets us say, I think this is a pattern and then other people can go and then we can look at it in the structure of all the other patterns and go, it doesn't fit, it fits. If we adjust the scale value of this one, it'll make the whole structure better, that sort of thing. Let me add something because remember you've brought this up a couple of times. In social network analysis, you could run software against the emails that are sent internally inside of a company and you could then derive from who sent what to whom how often, you could derive a map of the organization. So the software would be doing a lot of work deriving patterns of communication inside the enterprise. And that's social network analysis. The job of creating a pattern language is completely human. We're not running software against the database of anything to try to figure out what patterns we're saying. There's no algorithm that can derive the pattern language, but us humans. Now, there might be a GPT-3 AI that could do it with us and I'm not even gonna go there, but at this level, the Wiki is only functioning as a whiteboard, as Pete just said. It's only a structured place for us to share what we think the patterns are, but this is all coming out of social conversations of how, what we think is important, what to name it, how to describe it, all of that. Does that make sense? Yes, it does now. Thank you. Yes. Okay, because social network analysis is totally different and Baldus Krebs is a friend of ours and he's been doing social network analysis for probably 30 years, right? And there's definitely algorithms in there that are deriving important information that's not happening in this particular task. That's what I was thinking earlier, yeah. That's what I thought. Cool, Judy. There might be a third vector to this dimensionality of the new brain, whatever we're gonna call it, because as we're talking, I'm sort of hearing the process piece of case studies, how people are working on it. And so forth. There's the content piece that's the kind of classic. Here's the context that you talked about when you first started the brain discussions recently, making decisions in the context of knowledge and thought and other things that exist. And then there's a piece that's really the formation of new processes and the bringing to this very dynamic. And I don't know how we capture that at this point, but I don't wanna lose sight of that dynamic dimension because it's easy to slip into cataloging instead of learning. Agreed, agreed. And one of my filters is that something should be kind of a little bit novel and different from what you would expect there to be there to be worth putting in the pattern language. Like the example I gave earlier, let's be good to everybody is just sort of too obvious a good behavior, but let's assume good intent is unusual and might make it in. But a pattern language that gets too cluttered is a useless pattern language as well. I also wanna say that at the top of the, I'd like to end this call at the top of the hour because I'm having a different zoom with the creator of the Weissaurus. And if anybody wants to hang out for that, I think he'd be totally open to doing it that he's gonna sort of show me what it is. His name is Joshua Frankel. He's gotten in touch and basically their tagline is the best arguments for everything. So it's an argumentation sort of system. But if you're interested and you wanna hang out, please do. But I have to switch calls at the top of the hour. It's an interesting tool. I've seen it and I recommend seeing it.  I'm hosting it in my Zoom, which is this one. So it'll be right here. Okay, so I'll end the recording. I'll end this recording and I'll start a new recording if he's okay with recording it. I might stay for just a little bit to get a sense of what it's about. Cool. So who goes to everybody for the hard work? I have a few minutes if you don't mind, Jerry. You what? I have a few minutes to just get sense of it. Awesome, great. That sounds great. Jerry, sorry to insist, but it would be nice to have set the DNS for this.  So Pete, I need to give you- We haven't directly asked you, yes. Yeah, yeah. No, I forgot that that was a to-do item. So I should go to Google Domains and give you access to create a subdomain on open global mind? Or just you create the subdomain and point it to that- It's just an air record. Domains.google.com, please hold. Yeah, and- I'm happy to do that. Yeah. I'd also like to note, I think we're gonna call this tool pattern jam openglobalmind.com. Pattern jamming is, the phrase pattern jamming is something that Charles- Why don't I share screen and you can talk me through it? Yay, DNS. So here's Google Domains- DNS on the left. DNS on the left, yep. Sorry to impose that to everybody, but it's fast. I think everybody be like, whoa, this is what you do. Okay, register a synthetic records. So hostname, you got it? Oh, up here, hostname, got it. Yeah, so pattern jam. Probably- Come, Sam. Yeah, I would probably do with all minus, but you know, actually just read somebody saying it's better to use camel case for handicap person. Yeah. A screen reader will read camel case for worse. A screen reader does do better with camel case. I'm good either way. So shall I just add it? The idea is- And then the IP address as in the chat. 44 to 39, but it's in the chat. Oh, got it. So copy that out of the chat. Yep. Oops, I gotta go to the chat because, there we go, here's the chat. Think. Scroll up. Or I can read it. 44 to 39, 58, 206. We've been writing a lot of stuff. Where did I just skip over it? I can't find one of us who'll have to edit local settings too, I think. Yep. All right, I'm not actually even seeing it. Is it before Balzac? Yes, found it. It's all the way at the bottom. Got it. Oh, you just tried probably put it in again, but I just found it. Let me go back. Let me move my damn chat. It's funny because that window's invisible to us, so we see the mouse going seemingly at random. Exactly. And now, because the header of that thing is basically over, there we go. Now I can't get rid of it. Now I can't paste. Okay, good. Like before. Is that what you want? Yeah, remove the slash around it, sorry. It's just... Just the numbers. Just the numbers. Just the numbers. So kill the HTTP at the start. Yeah. So comes up. Comes up. Yes. What else? That's it. That's what we need. The rest is ours to do. Okay, good. So you're cool with that. So that's all set. Yes. Mark and Chuan, we presumably won't have SMTP for a while and that's fine. That's fine. I think we'll do it later. Or I'll do it if I find the time, but... I think we might need tomorrow. There might be more SMTP stuff. Sorry, Judy. There might be more DNS settings when we do SMTP. Yeah, okay. Needs to propagate because I don't have it yet. And, well, okay, cool. Judy, what are you gonna say? I was just, I need to go to technology school. Or not. That was like hardcore plumbing. Although it's actually also something you do when you set up your blog. If you want to get really into it. So one of the reasons I use Google Sites a lot is that I'm really not a geek, but I figured out a way where I can buy a domain on Google Domains, which is where I'm trying to move all my domains now. I buy a domain on Google Domains, I start a site on Google Sites, and then I do three, four simple steps that basically makes it look like a pro website because I masked the URL so that you go to openglobalmind.com, it actually goes to a website instead of going to sites.google.com slash something slash open global mind, which looks really un-pro. And so I can build a super simple website with a new brand new domain in an hour, no problem. And it's up and it's running and it's actually pretty sophisticated.  Like there's a, I know there's a hundred other. There's too many options.  But if you wanted to, if you wanted to be able to do what I've done with Google Sites, I can teach you that in a little bit. I can share with you the instructions for what like the tiny bit of technical plumbing I just did. It's sort of like that, but it's easy. It's easy enough to do. So that's great because I don't, I might have the capacity, but I don't know if I have the time to learn all the things I'm wanting to learn as I sit with all of these high-powered people. So. Another alternative is to have a minion. Yes, hire a minion totally. Yeah. Other thoughts, other feedback, other questions about Thursday or anything else? Oh, GME. Are you getting lots of good input for Thursday in terms of what we want for the workshop to be productive? I think so. We've gotten some sort of essays and videos and other sorts of things, which is great. I need to finish mine, but the stimulus for all of this really worked out well. And then small side note, I was in a different, totally different group call a couple of weeks ago and one of the people in that group call pinged me and said, hey, I liked your brain thing and what you're working on and your OGM thing, let's talk. So his name is Jordan Sukut and he started something called Lion's Burg, which, and he started telling me about it. I'm like, is this like steward ownership? And he's like, yeah, kind of like that. And steward ownership is a really interesting business model that goes back to the size foundation, size being the lens, the German lens maker. And as I understand it, which is like really superficial right now, you build the nonprofit foundation, which is the sole stock shareholder of a for-profit corporation, which then engages in a variety of different activities which could have different business models themselves. But this shell basically protects the for-profit from acquisition, from a bunch of stuff, lets you put materials in the public domain well. It kind of creates a mechanism that's really healthy for the kind of things we want to do here. So. Sounds interesting to explore. Yeah, so I'm gonna, I'll put a link to my brain for the steward ownership thing because it really is interesting. There might be an opportunity for true creativity in the alliance of foundation and commercial that goes well beyond conventional current legal structures that we could evolve over time with what we're trying to do. Oh, cool. And Jack's got a link already for us on what steward ownership is great. Great. Yeah, and Ken, then Jack, I'm curious whether you've heard much about it and what you think about it. So Ken, go ahead. Well, mine is actually a totally different topic. I just was looking at the Google Doc that you sent with the framework for Thursday and I realized why I confused the times. Because they're all in Eastern. It's like it's on East Coast. So it's possible other people may have that. So maybe just a little reminder to go out to the list of please it is 7 a.m. Because that's why I said I can't be there from one to two. So I will do that. I'll send a reminder with folks in Europe too or folks in non-U.S. who may have switched off to practice at a time already. The other thing to just be a heads up because it came up with our snarky group is that Europe has changed off like saving time. So the interval gap is different for a few weeks, a week basically, where from central to Europe is now six hours instead of seven. And then after the first when we go off daylight, then it'll be seven again. But that might be something to contemplate in communications. I'm hoping that everyone who's engaged with it realizes where they are. But it actually screwed something up earlier this week. Sorry, Judy. I just added all times Eastern to the table right there in big type. And I'll say it in a pre-event message tonight as well. Thanks, Ken. Jack, you have no strong feelings about stewardship? And does anybody? Anybody heard about these things? I mean, the Science Foundation pioneered this apparently ages ago, like a long time ago. And I was heading toward public benefit corporation and other sorts of things like that as a reasonable structure. This seems to allow you to do those kinds of things also with a bigger, more interesting container. And I'm kind of in a conversation with Jordan at this point to try to figure out, might OGM be a really good incubator participant in their initiative, which would help them help us and would be a really nice kind of symbiotic thing? So we'll see. We'll see how that goes. Sounds great. So one of the things that I was answering questions is, are we set up? How are we set up? And so I also put public benefit corporation. But this, I've not heard of this. And it sounds like a really interesting way to go about it. The other thing I'm wondering about is if there might be something from the Mondrogram cooperatives that we could learn from as a pattern that would help us. So I'm part of the Dig Life cooperative, and then we've sort of spun off a little thing called sense compass with Christina Bowen and Terrells and a couple other people. And we were hunting around for, there's a thing called a multi-stakeholder cooperative. Only problem. Very few states acknowledge it. There's no track record for doing stuff, et cetera, et cetera. So I think we opted to create sense compass as a worker-owned cooperative registered in the state of Washington because the laws were better. We could find a lawyer, et cetera, et cetera. So that happened like a couple years ago. Christina would know better about the process and what happened. What's interesting is that the newer the model, the less pervasive it is and the less help you have and the fewer people there are that have walked that path before you. Google funded Nathan Schneider at University of Colorado Boulder, who's a friend, to go explore some of these models. They gave him a million bucks to go figure out what are platform cooperative friendly business models. I don't know if that's gotten anywhere. But the whole platform co-op movement was an attempt, a poorly named but very earnest and smart attempt to go figure out how do we build new platforms. I went to the first platform co-op event in New York four years ago, I guess, three years ago. And the opening question was, why isn't Uber a worker-owned co-op?  You get to be a driver or not a driver and you get to choose when you drive or you don't. Everything else, you don't get to choose or set. You are forced to adapt to their terms. If you want to do a price war, you're screwed. And I hate that. I can't stand that about it. So their question was, why isn't this a worker-owned co-op? And why don't workers reap the benefits of whatever it is that ride sharing does? Which I'm a big fan of ride sharing. So that's another movement that we can draw from and learn from as well. Part of it, I think, Jerry, is that the worker-owned co-op is intrinsically tritrust and all of the other structures are non-trust with rules and prohibitions. So that's part of the challenge. Yeah. I'm opening up Google Domains again. Just checking all the values and stuff. Sorry about that, but it didn't seem to work well. Apologies. We needed to work. Charles, I wonder if you got bit by summertime. We're still on summertime in the US. I totally did. And I remembered five minutes before the end, at least, instead of after. But hi, everyone. And gee, I was psyched about today, and I just messed up entirely. And Lauren was planning to come, but then she couldn't anyway. But hi.  We can. And I also have a different call coming in in four minutes at the top of the hour with a company called Wysaurus. And you're welcome to stay for it. I think they'd be eager to explain what they're doing for other people as well. But we're switching calls in four minutes. So here's what is in. Is this OK? It does look good. Let's look at the TTL too, if we can find it. Where do I find that? Maybe at it. Actually, show me the, yeah, nscloudy1.googledomains.com. Let me try adding that. ns. Scroll back up and where it says nscloud. nscloudy1, OK. Yep, nscloudy1. Google the names. Yep, the name servers. nscloud. We can ask those directly. And Charles, we talked a bit about the pattern language aspects. First, we had some questions and some logistics. Jack is going to be driving and a couple other things about getting on the call for Thursday and participation. Then we shifted over to some pattern language stuff, which Mark, Anton, and Pete have been working on. They're using semantic media wiki to basically build up a place where we can go together write a pattern language, which would be awesome. And so we want to make that part of what's happening on Thursday. And what we're doing here is the reason I'm screen sharing is that they're trying to make it so that we don't have to send people to a numeric URL. Instead, we send them to pattern. As soon as that would be. Yeah, patternjam.openglobalmind.com should work, but isn't yet. Not even on the Google in a server. So I'm really OK with this. It's not working somehow. It's not working somehow. Let me go down. Scroll down to some resource records. Let's add it here. Let's add it in this one. Patternjam. So go here and say patternjam now. Yeah, here. I love that there's some uptake on the patternjam concept. This is beautiful. And what am I choosing here? A, yes. Just A? Just A. 1h is fine. And then put the same. 1h is make that like 15m. For now. And then here, let me find the address without the goobers. Like that? Yeah. Added. They'll take effort within the next 48 hours. They're just covering their ass, I think. I think that's right. So there we go. Here's the rest of the mail stuff. But that's it. No, actually the other thing is that that was where the TTLs were too. So look at that star. It says 15 minutes. Where are you? OK, so I'll tell you later if it hasn't worked right now. I don't see it yet. But it could just be. That's why we might have to wait for 15 minutes. Yeah. We're 48 hours. Yeah, exactly. Hopefully not. OK. All right, we have another call coming in now. Let me stop sharing. Anybody who wants to stay and learn about the Ysaurus? What is it? Or what's the kind of hook that I might want? It's an arc. Mark and Juan, you know more about it than I do. It's an argumentation mapping platform. It's a well-designed one. It's worth learning about. I've seen that demo, so I'll leave. Hi, Jean. Nice to see you. So I do encourage you to see what's going on. Have fun. Hey, Jean. Let me stop the current recording. Is that going to be an hour? Or what's this?


So, far we have discussed about you know basically using vibration monitoring as a tool for finding out the health condition of machines and then we saw how wear debris analysis or oil contaminants analysis could be used to pinpoint the fault in machines. Now, in this class and so on we will be discussing about the other techniques of condition monitoring which constitute towards the 10 percent of the monitoring methods throughout the industry in the world and especially motor current signature analysis has come up as a very emerging technology in condition based maintenance and we at IIT Kharagpur have contributed a lot to it through our research over the last decade and in fact, in this class and the subsequent class I will be also presenting some results from our research which we at IIT Kharagpur. And before I spend or discuss on motor current signature analysis, I would like to in this class talk about how do you find out the defects in electrical motors. As you know 90 percent of the cases in systems in machines the driven driving unit is an electrical motor. So, fault in an electrical motor is of paramount importance. So, it has to be detected beforehand so that we do not have an unnecessary down time along with motors I will be discussing about transformers as well. So, well if I have to classify the electrical machines there could be many different types of electrical machines by machines I essentially mean motor or a generator particularly if you go to the steam power plants or the hydro power plants you will see large generators. And typical capacity large type of generators would be around 660 megawatts, hydro generators would be about 313 megawatt and so on and of course, if you go to the plants large rolling wheels etcetera we will be having large induction motor or synchronous motor of the around of 10 megawatts in power. And then we have the AC commutator motor around 900 kilowatt and invariably in many plants and steel plants, paper mills, cement plants you will see these kind of motors are used and this is the single most prime mover in their plant. For example, just to begin with if I give you an example of a cement plant essentially we have a motor through a coupling it drives a gear box and then you know actually to this gear there is actually a large kiln I am drawing it in series, but actually it is matched with the gear box. This is the rotary kiln which rotates approximately about 2 to 3 rpm, but it could be carrying loads of you know several tons maybe 10 to 20 tons of material. The idea as you know in a cement plant all the mix is added there is a feeding device here and then it is turned with a hard grinding media and then you will have the powder cement coming out. But our focus is we know how to find out the faults in cracks in the kiln which is a common type of failure in the kilns failures in the gear boxes or the couplings are known to us through vibration monitoring we can do that, but my focus here is on what happens if this motor is at fault how do you find out fault condition in the motor. Because if the motor shuts down your plant is shut is not it. So, let us see and this is the case of a cement plant same is true in rolling mills, paper mills, conveyor drives, the powering unit are these motors. So, motors are usually an AC commutator motor typically 900 kilowatt in power of course, there are larger methods we could be using and they are almost designed to run at constant speed and this gear box because you know from a rpm of 1440 rpm you are finally, rotating the kiln at 2 to 3 rpm. So, you can imagine the amount of speed reduction which is being brought out what about the gear box. So, this is a heavy gear box multistage gear box and so on. Now realizing the importance of fault detection in motors we will see what are the possible different types of faults which can occur in an electrical motor. Of course, before that I is again we have the DC machines, DC machines particularly in your railway locomotives, the traction motors, generators and when you go to the naval frigates the gas turbines are used to power the propulsion unit also this gas turbines are also used to drive a generator which is used to power the electrical supplies the ship even in fact, there are some ships wherein we have a gas turbine driving a generator this generator will drive again a motor which is going to drive a propeller shaft. All electrical drive systems are there of course, you know there are advantages and disadvantages because once you have this electrical drive systems in a ship they say that you know the load at one end is pretty strong or pretty heavy load. So, there can be a situation of stability and instability in a ship but anyway. So, what are the major components of an electrical machine by in this machine here I am usually referring to a motor I am not talking about an electrical transformer right now we will discuss about the transformer later in this class. So, essentially an electrical machine has a stator which actually gives this magnetic field to give this magnetic field we need to have the copper conductors of the windings of course, they have to be insulated and then of course, we have the rotors along with its conductors and rotor body is actually a long shaft on which these conductors are placed. Rotors has to be supported on the bearings and this bearings are actually put in the enclosure and then the motor is sealed of course, it to give a supply to the rotor we have either the brushes, the prints are commuted. So, failure in any of these will eventually lead to the failure of the motor even a failure of a motor bearing is also very very important to consider. With this let me just give you a pictorial view of a motor we just opened up in the lab for the so, that you all are able to see this is how an electrical motor looks in the inside this is the frame of the motor this is the stator and once you give supply electrical supply to this there is a magnetic field in this. Because of this magnetic field there will be flux induced in the rotor, rotor is nothing but again series of conductors put together this is each one is a conductor and these are very soft material because they need to have good magnetic properties and this is the shaft rotor shaft which actually sticks out of the motor and you can see one bearing at this and there is another bearing at another end and this is how it is placed. So, and this rotor here this diameter here is about 6 inches, but let me tell you there could be motors this could be about 6 meters. Now, you could you could move a truck inside it I am not kidding, but motors can be that big, but also motors can be very small that depends on the power and so on. Obviously, big motors require lot of other functions in the sense because of the eddy current losses there will be lot of heat generation. So, you would have seen a motor when it runs it becomes hot and if the temperature if the heat is not dissipated the temperature is going to rise once the temperature rises it may have many effects it may heat up the coils it may degrade the insulation it may damage the bearings because the lubrication in the bearings will get baked ok once this lubrication gets baked they will be hard particles and if you know hard particles they are going to scrape the inner surface and the bearings will become rough. So, one leads to another when you have fault developing in an electrical motor. So, you you will see that in a large electrical motors they constantly monitor the temperature of the drive end and on the non drive end bearing because you would have seen at the end of the motors particularly there are so this is the rotor here actually at the end there is a this is a ventilation blower. So, basically it is it is going to suck in air and then pass through this and then here the motor air is going to come out. So, forced cooling is done to cool the coils by coils and in the rotor coils and the stator coils cool the bearings. There are class of motors which specify the because there are motors which run continuously around the clock 24 by 7 ok continuously in a plant of only they take breaks only for maintenance otherwise they run continuously there are motors which run for short spans. So, you can imagine if this heat is not dissipated I mean this temperature is going to build up typically the bearings are maintained to be in the safe side they should be around 75 degree Celsius ok. And in fact, in some special motors there are alarms which lets you know that the if the bearing temperature is increasing either the motor shuts down or we have to have extra cooling unit to cool the motors. So, this could be a serious problem because this because once the motor heats up there may be unequal differential expansion one conductor may for some reason expand then the other and this differential expansion will lead to misalignment will lead to having no concentric concentricity between the rotor and the stator one will deform more than the other. Say for example, this is a view because of thermal expansion or some other reason there is a change in the air gap because essentially this is the stator this is the rotor this is your air gap. If your air gap changes the magnetic flux will change and once this magnetic flux changes the torque which is responsible for rotating the rotor is going to change. So, many things would happen because excuse me because of this ok. So, for some reason I have a different air gap flux is going to change torque is going to change if torque changes I will be having a pulsating pulsating speed I mean this was suppose to have an uniform speed by uniform speed like this, but it may so happen that suddenly there may be a this spacing is going to change. So, this may become like this and again pull up. So, speed change will occur torque changes means your forcing function is no longer steady forcing function is changing the dynamics is going to change and over the period if this goes unnoticed this is going to be a fatigue load on the machine. So, you see just one component or aspect it is if it is left unchanged or unnoticed it is going to have a domino's effect and that is the why we have failures in machines. Anytime you see a defect initiating you take remedial measures to remove it mitigate it otherwise if it goes unchanged it is going to affect the downstream operations and that is true for anything. As I was telling you this is a motor this is an electrical motor about the same as a 900 kilowatt of capacity and you see this unit here this is nothing but the blowers where in the air comes in to cool such a big motor and this is driving a gear box actually and if you see this is a gear coupling. In a gear coupling as I was telling you earlier the coupling allowances for the thermal expansion as the motor is fixed and in the gear is fixed there are bearings on which these rotors because of thermal expansion can slide and other if they do not slide if they are fixed they are going to bend and the bend again you know the same problem their gaps are going to change then we will have pulsating forces. So, this is why in large machines we have gear coupling. Gear coupling basically there are two gears one over the other and they will just slide a little sliding is there. So, that takes care of the thermal expansion and this usually again this is used to drive a conveyor system and you can see the dimensions as a technician standing here and you can see how big this motor is compared to the person here. This is another view of this motor which is driving a multi stage gear box. In fact, you can see three shafts here 1, 2, 3 and you can see the direction it is a 90 degree arrangement here it is a bevel gear arrangement power is coming this direction and then power is going out in this direction and you will see these machines are maintained the alignment has to be perfect. Otherwise, if there is an misalignment again the rotor at one end of the motor is going to have an excessive force and the bearing at one end may get damaged and this is the view of this motor another motor which is having a massive reduction gear box and this is actually that rotary kiln of that cement plant I was talking about and you can see the dimension compared to this person and this motor rotates at 1440 rpm but this kiln is only rotating at 2 to 3 rpm. So, there is a heavy reduction gear box as well here. So, critical to a plant is this gear these motors if the motors die your plant does not operate. So, you can imagine your ships will not get unloaded your cement will not be produced steel mill will not work. So, you can have serious effect to everybody I mean can imagine life without electrical motors nowadays it is just not possible. I mean even in small on watches to you know even rocket engines we have to rely on electrical motors and that is a very very important I would say mechanical component electrical component any component you call it is a very very important engineering component which we have to know and which we have to care for. So, with this kind of a background about electrical motors as you know now this rotors can have faults staters can have faults and the bearings of the motor obviously they can have faults and you know how to find out the fault in bearings. So, what we did in this laboratory we have an motor which is driving mechanical unit this is the rotor which is supported on two bearings and we are now concerned with this motor. So, in the we have motors with seeded defects by seeded defects I mean there could be faulty rotors typically faulty rotors means you know you have seen those rotor conductors like this slots. So, rotor bar broken is a common mechanical fault what happen if the rotor bar one of the rotor bar is broken the current which is supposed to flow through this conductor is not going, but to balance the load the current in the other conductors are going to increase momentarily. So, this will give rise to an unbalance torque and because of this torque you will see there will be modulations. Modulations will occur in the current waveform and you know from your study of signal processing modulations in the time domain will give side bands in the current spectrum. So, once we see side bands around the supply frequency usually typically supply frequency is F e by supply frequency I mean supply frequency to the electrical motor and typically in our country it is 50 hertz, but now with this many of the motors they use nowadays variable frequency drives for what is known as V F D's. So, that motor can be run at any speed by the way for supply frequency in our country is 50 hertz, but in say in USA it is 60 hertz and though we find out the fault we can still do our good old vibration monitoring on the motors I mean nobody has asked us not to do. We can do vibration monitoring put an accelerometer on the motor I can put accelerometer here to do vibration monitoring and here what will happen you will see that sometimes I will see peaks at supply frequency and also at twice supply you will see the reason why we are getting this twice supply frequency electron in this class we can do vibration monitoring, but in this class since you already know what vibration monitoring is and all you do is put an vibration sensor close to the bearings of the motor record the time history and then do an F F D, but we can also very easily monitor through what is known as the current monitoring. In this experiment here to measure the current which we are using actually an hall effect sensor here if you can see a sensor is like a clamp on a conductor basically something like this is like a spring loaded thing and then all you have to do is the conductor actually this is this is this is spring loaded the conductor will actually come here and then you will get a voltage. So, if I am measuring a current I I will get a voltage here because of the hall effect I will get a voltage which is proportional to the current and with time I can be measuring the current I can be measured usually hall effect sensors have a sensitivity of may be 10 millivolt per ampere etcetera. The reason we are using hall effect sensors is because they have high frequency range all the way from you know may be 0 or DC to about 500 hertz I can measure with such hall effect sensors. Traditionally we measure current by ammeters, but ammeters are very very poor frequency response the only measure around the 50 hertz supply frequency and all we get is an RMS indicator which only gives us the RMS value of the current. And, but the hall effect sensor I get the time history I can record the time measure and record time history of the current. Once I get the time history of this current the entire waveform is available with me. So, with a signal analysis system I can do the current spectrum analysis and then try to know whether side bands are there whether side bands are not there and so on. So, this becomes a very very convenient way to measure the condition of the electrical motor rather than doing a vibration mounting. If I do a vibration mounting I am not sure that sometimes I will get side bands around supply frequency that may not happen. I may see only the peaks at supply frequencies and twice supply frequency, but that is why the measuring and monitoring current is become a very very powerful and convenient technique of monitoring the motor faults. Imagine you are sitting somewhere in the control room where in an electrical motor is may be miles away. All you could do is just lay a current conductor from your motor. So, here you need not go to the motor. I will tell you why and how. Suppose we have a motor and you are sitting somewhere in a control room. Obviously, to drive the motor it requires a supply and the supply cable is may be going from here. I have just done one conductor. So, very easily you can measure at this end measure the current waveform. So, now you can imagine the power of motor current measurement of motor current. Remotely motor is elsewhere motor is underground, motor is over the ground, motor is miles away from you, but as soon as we have access to the supply lead going to the motor you just measure the current waveform. You will record the current waveform and then do your signal processing to find out the condition of the motor and this is why motor current signature analysis has become very very powerful and it is we are not even going close to the motor. If I was to measure the vibration I have to go at least close to the motor to mount an accelerometer and that is not required right now if I am if I am going through this is it not. So, in in this simulator which we have used in the laboratory of course, I have an hall effect sensor and you can see this hall effect sensor is connected to a signal analyzer where we are analyzing the current which has been measured by this and you can see the time history of the current and the spectrum. Now, I was just mentioning that what is the source of this twice line frequency in electrical motors. You will see if you multiply this two waveforms power is nothing, but current times the emf if I multiply this the e i cosine 2 pi f t and cosine 2 pi f t minus phase difference occurs phase between the current and the emf. I will get this expression one is the cosine phi plus cosine 2 omega where omega is 2 pi f. So, one produces the steady torque which is responsible for the motor and there is also an unsteady torque at twice supply line twice the supply line frequency that is why when you do the vibration measurements or the current measurements you may sometimes learn up with strong 2 times the supply frequency peaks which comes up. Many times people ask me this questions why am I in f f t hertz motor why am I getting an 100 hertz peak and this is the reason this is the mathematical reason behind it. There is nothing, but multiplication of two trigonometric functions which gives a 2 omega term. Now, let me go back to how this current analysis can be done to find out the rotor faults perhaps this equation is not coming clear I will just write to write this down here. This is means if there is a broken rotor bar this means the frequency in the current spectra is given by this where this is the k is an integer s is the slip p is the pole pair in the motor. So, in any AC motor because slip will occur because there is a difference between the synchronous speed and the rotor speed pole pairs are there and this is all functions of the supply frequency I will get the frequency of the rotor bar given by this expression and they will actually come up as side bands in the current spectrum and this can be calculated. Now, if a rotor bar why does it break what are the possible reasons? One is thermal stress due to overload in hot spots there will be a linear expansion and then there will be hot spots etcetera. Magnetic stresses created due to electromagnetic forces on balanced magnetic pull I know I have just told you because if the air gap is not maintained there will be pulsating magnetic field during the manufacturing process all of the bars we are not having the same stress relieving. So, some could be having residual stress because I am rotating there is a centrifugal forces and thus the stresses there could be moisture abrasion by chemicals contamination that could lead to the wear and tear of the rotor bar. There are so many loose components in the rotor bar they are actually fixed in a slot few of them could be lose and they could be rattling and then they will if it dig. So, a good motor takes care of these issues are not there in a good motor if you go to the market for the same power same performance you will get motors with varying amount of price that is one of the reasons the quality because somebody would have taken care of that I have good uniform winding uniform air gap good bearings things are not lose there are enough provision for cooling etcetera. So, this is why you know motors these are the possible reasons why this rotor bars can fail and if this rotor bar few rotor bars fail if one goes unnoticed fine if ten goes unnoticed you will see a lot of them creating such an unbalanced torque that it is going to have effect on the operation of the plant. I have seen many a cases even the supply frequency to the electrical motor creates lot of problem in the plant I will tell you how and why. Say for example, if the plant I am supposed to get 50 hertz supply frequency, but because of our power grid supply I am getting sometimes 49 hertz sometimes 47 hertz and so on and sometimes 49.5 etcetera. So, there is a constant fluctuation of the frequency. So, the motor speed is going to fluctuate fluctuate. So, in effect if motor is driving a mechanical unit it is also going to fluctuate. So, this is going to give rise to fluctuating torque on the. So, there will be lot of torsional vibrations which will lead to fatigue failure. I have seen many a places where gear boxes rotate a torsion bar. Torsion bars are actually long rigid bars with good amount of rigidity. They have sheared at the 45 degree axis because the torsional shear stress was maximum and then it failed because of what is the cause it was the fluctuating speed of the motor. So, there are of course, in modern machines there are many safeguards to prevent that the system itself will trip you have seen how the grid failure had a down effect one by one the grids fail. The grids fail the power if you do not take up the load speed frequencies again going to increase. So, there is always in the power generation place they have to always maintain balance the load and the production rate. So, they have to monitor the 50 hertz if you have ever been to power plant you will see they constantly monitor the supply frequency or the power generation frequency a 50 hertz. If I put in more steam and there has to be a governors to limit it that it will run at 50 hertz. Otherwise if I do not govern it speed will increase power supply frequency is going to increase. We all take it for granted, but if you have if you know of a generator generator is supposed to run at the same constant speed. If I give in more fuel or more steam whatever to a steam generator it is going to increase you would have notice that in an ice engines if I give in the fuel flow is more and throttle if you press the throttle more your car moves faster because engine is moving faster. But imagine if your generators was going to move faster your supply frequency going to change. So, these are things which we cannot take it for granted. I have been to many plants where they say the machine has failed because of the bearing failed or the gearbox failed. But we have found out the cause was actually the supply frequency which was been changing and the supply power power power generating units are actually at fault. So, good power supply to a plant is very very important. So, in this example here in the laboratory what we did is we ran this motor through a V F D drive and not at the 50 hertz power supply, but at 47 hertz in a variable frequency drive with 0.67 percent slip. And if you see a normal motor there are hardly any side bands these are the side bands which are showing up at 47 hertz. And once we have three broken bars you can see these are the values of the key these side bands will increase and you can see it in decibels that the peaks are going to increase which are the teletyl signs that the rotor bar has failed. There could be cases where the motors could have an static eccentricity this is the rotor this is the stator this has been exaggerated here and they have an eccentricity A. What are the possible reasons behind this static eccentricity? One is the stator core is not a perfect circle, but oval out of tolerances at the end frames that house the bearings. So, bearings themselves are not aligned incorrect position of the rotor or the stator at the commissioning stage many times the rotors are so heavy that they have to be put right at the site they have to be installed and there could be an incorrect installation one foot is at an higher ground than the other and there is an angular deviation. So, all these lead to the static eccentricity between the rotor and the stator and because of this eccentricity there will be an air gap variation and again we will see frequencies coming up in this current spectra because of static eccentricity. Similarly, when it is rotating I will have a dynamic air gap eccentricity the eccentricity is moving with time you can see how this thing is moving this could be because the shaft is bent soft is bent so it is wobbling. So, one is the bent rotor soft other is the bearing where there could be misalignment there could be mechanical resonance at critical speed though a good motor designer would have ensured that the operating speed is not at its critical speed or away much away from the critical speed. Once we have this kind of defects in the electrical motors they all reflect in the current spectra. So, looking at the frequencies in the current spectra we can find out the faults and there are equations also here how the supply frequency because of the rotor eccentricity again this is perhaps not visible I will write it here many of these are this is the rotors and this is an integer these are all constants depending on the motor this is a typical value plus minus and d for eccentricity for dynamic eccentricity this is about 0.25. So, these are again some integers. So, researchers have found this formula by which I will see the dominant frequency current spectrum due to eccentricity I can see this in the spectrum. I will give you another and this could be because of static eccentricity because of dynamic eccentricity. Another fault which happens in motor is this bearing faults bearing faults also reflect in the motor current see the will be nothing, but the supply frequency plus minus some number and these are nothing, but the bearing frequencies you know if the bearing has an inner rest defect outer rest defect spin ball spin etcetera these equations can come these frequencies can be found out here and these are integers. So, in the supply frequency you will see side bands about the of the bearing frequencies and this is will be the and this is the supply frequency. So, in effect if you do faults in electrical motors can be easily detected by current signature analysis all you have to do is you have to look out for this frequency of the rotor bars frequency because of eccentricity frequency because of the bearings and so on and we are just in the three equations in the previous slides how they can be estimated. So, that in the current signature analysis they will be actually modulated. So, we have to do an envelope analysis which we have discussed earlier or which is what is known as the T modulation T modulation of the current to find out these frequencies and with load with defect severity this the side bands is are going to increase in their magnitude. Another defects which occurs in motors nowadays that we are using V F D drives in electrical motors because of this V F D drives you know V F D drives there are lot of high frequency high frequencies in the ripples I have this motor has a bearing this is the this is the rotor here I am just doing one side what happens there will be a current flowing in this conductor and which gives a voltage as a loop and particularly at the bearing what happens and these are very high frequencies and they could be having voltages about you know typically about 40 to 70 volts 40 to 70 volts and they are going in this loop here what happens at the bearings if you will see they will there will be a dielectric film which is actually an insulator. So, each time the voltage increases there is actually a spark across this outer rays which is attached to one and the inner rays which is attached to the shaft and actually the shaft shifts here the bearing shaft shifts here. So, what happens whenever this bearing is sitting there will be kind of sparking occurring between the bearing and the shaft this spark actually is responsible for eroding the shaft. So, bearing was sitting here you can see this goes undetected particularly the variable frequency drives because of this high frequency ripples they will be sparking on the surface the shafts become worn out like this and sparks shafts become weak. So, how do you take care of it is you have to produce an alternate path to this current by grounding this here by grounding the shaft. So, by sorry by shaft is here you have to ground the shaft shaft with the grounding process. So, that the current flows through that route and there is no discharge taking place. Now it is of course you know people are using VFT drives and they are coming up with situations where the bearings are getting having faults pitting marks or shafts are failing. And this we did in our lab is you know basically we meant measured just the voltage on the shaft here of course we are measuring it and then we recorded it voltage across motor shaft and ground it is a normal case, but when you have the VFT drives at different frequencies we have seen how that these frequencies are there and then they discharge and they actually damage. These peaky frequencies these are as high as 40 to 70 volts and they damage the motor shafts. So, motor current or motor can be faults can be detected through these techniques which we discussed mostly through signature analysis though you can also do vibration monitoring of electrical motors. And then how do you monitor the condition of transformers basically you would have seen in a transformer essentially is nothing but core of coil which is there and this coil is actually kept in a tank full of oil. And this oil is to be maintained for a particular height and because of again the eddy current losses etcetera this current degenerates heat has to be dissipated and that is why these are like fins you know you will have seen in many transformers this there are tubings etcetera which carry nothing but oil and this is a tank wherein oil is there. And you would have heard of scenarios where there is a power outage because of a transformer burst. Why did that burst happen because the transformers was dry the maintenance crew has not ensured that the level of the oil which has to should be there was not there and that is the reason why transformers burst. So, in our laboratory here what we are trying is we are trying to measure the vibration of a transformer of course, there is no secondary discharge here we have just done the primary excitation and this is a very very high 100 mega watt transformer which we are trying to analyze. You can we are measuring the noise here and here through because obviously you cannot go near the transformer we used a laser beam to measure the vibrations and here the sound intensity probe. But usually the condition monitoring of transformers is done by monitoring the condition of the oil you know we discussed about oil analysis. So, by monitoring the condition of the oil whether it has its retained physical properties or chemical properties we can know periodically by taking samples of the transformer oil whether it has got contaminated with moisture whether it is time to change its change the oil etcetera is how these transformers are taken care of. Again for in electrical switch gears when there is contact disc and non-contact lot of heat generations and we will discuss in the class on thermography how through thermal analysis or temperature monitoring we can also find out faults in electrical systems. Thank you.


Aaron, there's a lot of pinch stripes on your Instagram feed. Are you ready to check out some of your top posts? Yeah, let's see it. Ooh. Baby on the way, congratulations. Thank you, thank you. Yeah, having a baby boy is gonna be Aaron Hicks Jr., so pretty stoked on that one. So you already have the name picked out? Yeah, yeah, yeah. He's gonna be Jr., he's gonna be pretty dope. I'm excited for it. Since you know it's gonna be a boy and you got the name, you see so many players whether it's like the Griffys or the Bonds. Are you kind of already envisioning him playing baseball one day? I don't think I'm gonna force him into playing baseball. I will force him into playing golf, so that way I might play golf way better than that. If he wants to play baseball, then obviously I'll be in on it. Next picture, this is Father's Day post. This is you and your brother who we've seen here at a Yankee Stadium plenty of times down in spring training. Yeah. You guys have a really good relationship. Yeah, that's my brother. He has four kids now. He's been a great dad. You know, that's my brother right there, so I love him a lot. And another Father's Day post, yourself and your father. Yeah, that was back when I used to have hair, so that's pretty dope. Did you see the no hair coming after what he looks like? No, he always told me it was coming though. That's my dad, Joe Higgs, seniors. Is he where you got all your golf skills and baseball skills from and see your athletic back in the day or what?  He did basketball, football, and track. I say four-sport, even baseball as well. But yeah, it's definitely where I got my life lesson from. A little airplane fun, the video that Dee Dee would make of you disappearing. Yeah, that was the video that Dee Dee made and was messing around with back in 2016 when I first came over here. He was just learning how to make people disappear and do stuff like that on the internet. So yeah, that was pretty dope post. That helps time fly by too. No pun intended, but right? Exactly. A lot of people know you as a big-time golfer outside of playing baseball, but you also love Supercross, and this is a cool thing that you guys did together. Some of you and your teammates going to check out a Supercross. Yeah, there's one in Tampa, so I took the guys out to go watch it. And then I obviously have my trainer there. So he knows how much I like Supercross, so we can't train on those days. So yeah, so obviously we had fun that day. I mean, Dee Dee has the best shirt, I think, out of all of us. I didn't know that till after I actually, you know, displayed the picture on Instagram. The hug dealer. Yeah, the hug dealer. So you did that in Tampa, you also did it out in Los Angeles. It's cool sport. Yeah, yeah, I mean, it's crazy, man, how fast they go. You don't realize how fast they're going when you're up in your seats until the lower you get, and they're moving when they're down there, yeah. Yeah, so that was Bubba Stewart, who's actually my favorite rider. He was crazy fast and reckless. So he has a lot of wipeouts by the same time. He's a cool dude. The first day I met him actually was probably dope this time. I think I've ever had a track and Supercross is not an easy sport to kind of get it to. So yeah, he's been awesome out for years.  We got to get to the golf portion. Okay. Here you go. You brought the TaylorMade golf clubs to Yankee Stadium. We see the rug. Yeah, exactly. It's a nice set of clubs. Uh-huh. Yeah, TaylorMade actually came up with those clubs right there. I was looking for some blades to play with and actually called one of my buddies over there, TaylorMade.  And I was like, I can definitely do that for some clubs. I mean, these are dope. I mean, I love these clubs. And we can't just show the clubs. We've got to show the swing. Walk us through this. Yeah. So I was actually working on my sniper shot. I think I was doing this for about an hour, just trying to hit it right. And this is the only video I got of it. So, yeah, this is a little sniper video right here, a little sniper shot right there. What a swing. Oh yeah, you knew it. Yeah, I knew it was a good shot. Yeah, definitely. Such a big golf fan that you were at Tiger Woods one year for Halloween. Halloween, yeah. Yeah. Oh. All right. All right. Yeah. So that was actually, I think I had the little segue thing is what I'm actually on right now. You know, back when that was, that was cool. So, yeah, it was, of course, I mean, Tiger's probably the easiest one for me to get into as far as getting things for it because I have most of it at my house. So, yeah. This is the first time in all of history that the Yankees gonna put their names on the back of the jerseys. You better not mess up A.A. Ron.  Keegan-Michael Key. He gave you a cool message here at Yankee Stadium for Players Weekend when you got the A.A. Ron. Yeah. So that was pretty cool that you got that. Yeah. And ended up with the Christmas shirt. Yeah, of course. I needed that. I actually saw that on Instagram and I was like, you know, I gotta have that for this Christmas. We see all these Instagram posts. What's your favorite part about Instagram and what do you love showing to the fans most? For me, I mean, one thing I love about it is that you can get in touch with so many different kind of people. I mean, I've got in touch with people that play completely different sports than me, which I think is awesome because I mean, you always want to meet people in other sports and just to kind of, you know, kind of see what they do on a daily basis and how they prepare for each day of their job. So I mean, I've met a lot of my golf buddies actually on Instagram. Some of them I met out, you know, out of the golf course. But, you know, it's just dope to kind of just kind of see what they do and, you know, how they prepare for each match and each tournament. And it's pretty awesome. They know a good swing when they see it, right? Yeah, definitely. Yeah. So I think that's why the crazy part for them to see me hit a golf ball.  I mean, I have the game for it but just they're just that much better and they make the game seem easy and, you know, it's pretty awesome to see that. Okay. So what do people expect and why should they follow you? Why should they follow me? I mean, I don't know. I don't learn a thing or two about golf. Yeah. To see some cool sports, maybe. If you want to follow me, just go ahead and give me a follow. And of course I'd appreciate the follow. I mean, I'm going to show you, you know, kind of kind of things that I like to do and the kind of person that I am and, you know, if you like that kind of things, I mean, I guess I'm the perfect person to follow in that way.


أحد يوم now they've been preparing the shrines for the month of Muharram they're preparing the carpets, the building work, the sauad, the black cloth for the month of Muharram and insha'Allah tomorrow night they will be changing the flags on top of the dome of Abu Abd Al-Hussain and Abu Fadil al-Abbas from the red flag to the black flag to commemorate the month of Muharram and the day of Ashwara one thing that many people usually miss out or usually forget is that these are not just the graves of the imams Muhammad al-Hussain and Abu Fadil al-Abbas the battle of Karbala actually happened where we are standing now this is the ground of the battlefield where Abu Abdullah al-Hussain was murdered by tyrants where Abu Fadil al-Abbas hands were cut off by tyrants this is where Abu Abdullah al-Razi' was killed by a 300 arrow we need to remember this when we were in Karbala we need to mourn the Shahada of Karbala by remembering what they went through by commemorating their deaths and that's what these people are doing here these millions and millions of mourners and visitors they come to commemorate and mourn the Shahada of the Ahl al-Bayt and the oppression of the Ahl al-Bayt they try with Muhammad al-Hussain the servants of Muhammad al-Hussain they pour the tea for the zawar for the millions of zawar there's countless barakat in this tea because it is in the name of Muhammad al-Hussain and Alhamdulillah we have been granted the chance to drink the tea of Muhammad al-Hussain during the visitation of Al-Harrat


So the temperature this morning is creeping up to about eight degrees Celsius and that is our expected high for today Which is you know low 40s Fahrenheit So it is still very cold here in zone 3 Saskatchewan And in this video, I'm just going to show you a few things that I Try to do to work with mother nature and wait for the weather to warm up So one of the things that I'm always doing and every gardener should do is checking the temperature Especially the nighttime temperatures Looking down the road here. We have some more nights of freezing temperatures And usually in early May I start looking at the long-range forecasts. So a 14 day is usually a good thing to check out I Check it out again Look down the road to see what the nighttime temperatures are and I can see coming in even in early June We have a dip in the temperature at night, which is something that you have to make sure you're prepared for So don't let those warm sunny days fool you Because sometimes yeah, the other nature plays a little trick on you and cools it down a lot at night So keep an eye on that So if you're like me and have a lot of plants started from seed that you grew indoors Just waiting to get outside or if you've already been to the greenhouses and picked up some plants You want to make sure you got them in a location where you can quickly put them away at night and Bring them out during the day so that they get some sunshine and heat. I Always keep things in a wagon or in my garden shed here I have a lot of shelf space that I can keep my plants in These are my squashes and corn and as you can see they're not too big They're not out growing their containers. So, you know, they're happy. So I'm just going to leave them there for now Something like tomatoes if you've started from seed and they're outgrowing their seedling pots It's best just to up pot them into bigger pots if you have to rather than having them suffer or Trying to put them out when it's still really cold And these are all my pollinator flowers that I started from seed indoors and they're still quite Tiny and delicate. So I definitely don't want to put them outside yet and in my garage I have tons of coleases and Petunias and snapdragons that I started from seed but like I say if you can find a nice warm sunny location for them in a Heated garage or a warm shed then that's the best place for them right now Of course winter sewing jugs Those are nice warm little greenhouses. So if you have anything started in winter sewing jugs The best place for them when it's cool like this is right where they are right now I didn't have a very successful germination rate this year due to some Problems with my dogs shaking up a lot of these jugs in the winter time But again winter sewing jugs just leave them. They can sit there till early June So if you have some plants like this that are already popping through and You know, you can stick this in the garage and keep it safe at night. I'm going to just try one of these Garden clashes that I picked up at the dollarama. I got a I think a four pack of them here They have a nice little air vent on the top and it does fit on here pretty good The thing is keeping it from blowing the way in the wind is always a challenge So another thing that I picked up at the dollar store is these little stakes here. You can easily Kind of poke through This plastic. It's not very strong plastic with the these little stakes And just stick it into the dirt here I'll do another one on this side So this would probably be more useful if you have a plant in the garden or in a big container that you cannot Take indoors. I'm just wanted to show you this because it's the only plants I got that are actually poking through the dirt right now So something like that will stay secure in the wind. I've got a variety of these from the dollar store These are little cones again that I would use These clips for to you know secure them around a nice little pepper plant or you know a tiny or tomato It's also very easy to make your own garden cloches or cloches. I'm not sure how to say that word With things that you have around your house such as I weed a lot of these Cashews so these make good containers to cover small plants. I've just drilled some holes in the top and Something like a bamboo stick like this to secure it So again, if we actually had some plants in the ground in a container that you need to cover You could just stick it over top of the plant So then I just make the hole big enough so you can stick a twig or these bamboo stakes that I have Secure it so again, it doesn't blow away and it's got some air vents there So this will keep your plants nice and cozy The temperatures are not going to be that extremely cold at night.  I Also have used clear rubber made or these stair light brand clear containers with a bunch of holes popped in those Will set over top of a larger plant or a larger area in your garden and protect them as well So another reason that I like to mulch all my containers and anything I grow with straw They make a great insulator. These are my lettuces that are already starting to pop through and of course with these cool evenings This straw will act as a nice little insulator to these tiny little greens You can also use frost cloth if you have for nights when the temperatures are dipping and below freezing dried leaves Grass clippings wood chips those kind of things that you can use to mulch and also make great insulators for your little plants And of course now all the garden centers are open at the big box stores and grocery stores and greenhouses and If you're like me you like to pick up the plants and vegetables and herbs before they get too picked over But again, you just have to be patient Make sure you're watching the weather and make sure you have a plan to keep them safe So you don't lose that investment by putting them out when it's too cold So I hope you enjoyed watching this video and have got a few tips now about how to deal with cold conditions When planting out your garden, I'm very hopeful that the cool nights are almost over here on growing zone 3 in Saskatchewan and I'll be able to plant out all my Vegetables and flowers into the garden soon. So thanks for watching and we'll see you on the next video