Hello and good evening. Apologies for the delay. Thank you for staying with us. My name is Fabio Gigi, I'm the chair of the Japan Research Center here at SOAS and it is exactly two years ago since we hosted Professor Yasuko Kameyama here for a talk. It was a big SOAS-wide meeting in preparation of the COP26, if you remember that event in Glasgow. And it was very eye-opening in many ways because we brought together many different experts from all over the world and one of the points that she really brought home was that because there is quite a lot of annual fluctuation in terms of typhoons, in terms of rainfall, in terms of flooding in Japan, she said people don't really make the link to climate change at all. So it doesn't really feature in the press, it doesn't really feature in popular discourse all that much. But that was two years ago and now two years later we find ourselves in a very different context. If you've been to Japan this year, you have noticed there was hardly any rainy season at all. Water levels are dangerously low and I've just come back 10 days, roughly two weeks ago, and it was 35 degrees in Tokyo at the end of September. So there's clearly something happening that we need to take account of. Now our speaker tonight is uniquely placed to respond to all of your questions. Mr Nami Hirose received his BA in sociology from Hidotsubashi University in 1976 and his MBA from Yale School of Management in 1983. And he has left his mark on the energy sector in Japan where he worked for 40 years at the Tokyo Electric Power Company, TEPCO. Now immediately after the 311 Fukushima accident, Mr Hidose dedicated himself to create the system for nuclear damage compensation. After becoming president and CEO in 2012, he led the company in addressing a number of highly complex issues such as water management and decommissioning plans for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, compensation for those who were affected by the accident and the revitalization of Fukushima, and of course keeping TEPCO competitive while facing the deregulation of Japan's electricity and gas market. He left TEPCO in 2021 and currently serves as the chair of the Japan Energy Association, a member of the World Energy Council, and also he has been appointed in 2022 as the vice chair of the World Energy Council, who as an organization has just in 2023, it was the 100th anniversary, it was founded in 1923 and is a UN accredited non-governmental body that is sort of meeting regularly to discuss the world state of the energy sector. So tonight we'll follow a traditional academic format with the lecture first and ample opportunity to comment and ask questions afterwards. Thank you also for those who are joining us online who have stuck with us through the technical difficulties, please put your questions into the queue and day. The talk tonight bears the title Green Transformation in Japan and Future Policies Against Climate Change in the Energy Sector. Now please join me in welcoming Mr Naomi Hidose to the JRC. Well thank you Fabio for your kind introduction. Good afternoon, good evening everybody, my name is Naomi Hidose. As Fabio introduced me, I just became vice chair of the World Energy Council, which is based in London. That's why I'm here to participate in one of the World Energy Council's official meeting the day before yesterday. As Fabio explained, the TEPCO had a very very severe nuclear accident in Fukushima back in 2011. The impact of the accident was very very large, not only in Japan but also in the rest of the world. And some countries stopped nuclear operation after the accident. And consequently my last 10 years of my career at TEPCO were very very difficult in terms of the management of the company. But also at the same time I have learned a lot from the accident and then I have experienced a lot since the accident. So I think I started believing that it is my responsibility to share these lessons and then experiences with as many people as possible in the world, not only people in the nuclear sector but also all the people.  And so I would like to explain first the current situation and then how Japanese government is trying to do. And then I would like to evaluate the Japanese policy plan. And then lastly I'd like to explain what I would do, how I would cope with the very difficult problems such as global warming, energy transition, those things. So let me start with a brief explanation of the current situation of energy, particularly electric generation in Japan. This is a historical power generation mixture by sources. The accident happened in 2011. So before that the nuclear generation accounted for about one third of the Japanese power generation. And maybe LNG thermal power generation is one third and 15-20% from coal thermal power generation and few percent from oil thermal power station power generation. And the bottom is hydroelectric power generation, which is a feature account for maybe 8% or less than 10%. So I would say that before the accident the generation mixture of Japan was relatively good because in terms of the diversification of the energy resources. But after the accident we stopped all the nuclear power plants. So the mixture changed dramatically after 2011. But still people use electric power. So somebody, something had to be at least the vacancy of the nuclear power generation. And the only way to do that was thermal power station. So we still depend on almost 80-90% of Japan's power generation on thermal power station, thermal power generation. But as you know, Japan doesn't have any indigenous natural resources such as coal, gas or oil. So all the fuel for the thermal power station has to be imported from abroad. So Japan's self-energy efficiency ratio is currently now 10% or 11%, which is very, very vulnerable in terms of energy security. By the way, this figure 11% is the second from the bottom among OECD nations. OECD nations are developed countries. I think there are 38 countries now in OECD. So Japan is second from the bottom. And by the way, the least self-sufficient country in OECD nations is Luxembourg. So Luxembourg is a part of the European continent. I bet there are a lot of power line connections or pipelines to the neighboring countries. But Japan is Ireland. We do not have any power line or any pipeline connection to the neighboring countries. So 11% of the self-sufficiency ratio is very, very dangerous. And let's look at CO2 emissions. Because we stopped nuclear power generation and replaced it by thermal power generation, the CO2 emissions inevitably increased very much. This slide illustrates the CO2 emissions from power generation only, not all the CO2 emissions from Japan. This is just from the power generation in Japan. As you see that from 2010 to 2011, 2012, it jumped up because we started using thermal power generation a lot. And then the yellow line shows that the unit CO2 emissions for every one kilowatt hour generated. And our goal before the accident was 0.37. But now it's 0.4 or 0.5, something like that. It's not a very, very good situation in terms of the CO2 reduction or in terms of the energy security. And so please keep this current situation in your mind. Then under these conditions, Japanese government declared to realize need zero society by 2050. This is not my intention, sorry. And then as an interim target, we are going to reduce CO2 emission by 46% by 2030. And currently, Japan's CO2 emission totally is about 1 billion tons. So this is our goal. In order to realize this very lofty goal, Japanese government just issued a policy plan for green transformation. And lower side is electric generation sector. Upper side is no electric speed. And then lower side says that we are going to expand renewable generation as much as possible and then position it as the main source of power generation. And then we start nuclear power and reduce the thermal power generation. And also we are going to use a more hydrogen, ammonia. And then a non-electric sector energy savings. And then also we are going to build hydrogen society. And in the longer range, we maximize the renewable power and next generation of the nuclear power and hydrogen, ammonia, and the CCUS as carbon capture usage and then storage and carbon recycle. And then electrification and hydrogen, ammonia and VIX. DAX is direct air capture of the carbon usage. And VIX is a bio energy carbon capture and storage. So those are the new technologies. We are going to develop these technologies and by doing so, we are going to realize natural society by 2050. But this is a policy plan written by Japanese bureaucrats. So it's not very quantitative. There aren't many numbers. Very, very policy-oriented things. I would say among these policies listed here, the most difficult task for Japan is that expansion of the renewable power and then position it as a main source of power generation. Because now the proportion of the renewable generation is about 20%. And among them, 8% is hydroelectric power. And then 12% is mostly from solar power and some from wind power. But as you see before, this is this is hydroelectric. As you see that it stays the same. It means that there aren't many possible places to develop hydro power anymore. So it means that we have to develop solar power or wind power, maybe geothermal or something. But solar power has been increased very, very much. You see a lot of solar panels on the roof of the houses now. But again, there aren't many possible sites because Japan is a mountainous country. There aren't many land. So it's not easy to expand solar power generation very, very much so that people expect wind power very much now. And particularly the Japanese surrounded by the oceans are a lot of hopes for offshore wind power. But Japanese seabed surrounded Japan, not like European and no sea or Baltic sea. Japan's seabed is very deep, very steep and then deep. So it's really difficult to build basement of the solar, I mean, wind power. So now we are trying to install floating offshore wind power, floating. But again, it's not easy to develop. First of all, it's very difficult to construct basement of the floating solar power, I mean, floating wind power. And then maintenance of that is also very, very difficult. So I would say that because of the Japanese government, you know, trying to develop renewable power very, very much. And then it should be, but it's not that easy. And then also the other difficult part is, part is hydrogen. As you know, hydrogen is a product. It's not natural resources. Even if you dig a hole, you wouldn't see that hydrogen comes out. So we have to produce hydrogen. So it's, you know, the green hydrogen, there are several different hydrogen, green hydrogen or pink hydrogen, which is produced by nuclear power. And then gray hydrogen is produced by fossil fuel. And then Japan, if Japan sticks to green hydrogen, it should be, you know, as a green hydrogen has to be generated created by green electric power, such as solar, wind or nuclear. And then as I said, that the expansion of renewable power is not easy. So it's very difficult to create, to produce a green hydrogen in Japan. So probably the realistic way to have a green hydrogen in Japan is import green hydrogen from maybe Australia or Middle East, where that a lot of desert vacant lands, so they could, they could put, they could install as many as possible the solar panels and then generate electricity there and then use produce hydrogen, green hydrogen there and then ship it to Japan. It's possible, although it's very costly. And then if we do that, if we import green hydrogen from foreign country, that wouldn't improve energy sufficiency of Japan. It's just a mere replacement of the LNG or coal or oil. So, so I would say this policy plan is very ambitious, but it's very challenging. So let me, let me explain what I would do. I have a many opportunity to participate in an international conference on global warming or energy transition or, and where I often feel that many of the participants tend to focus on supply side issue, supply side initiatives, such as when to stop coal fired thermal power station, how to increase renewable power, how to create hydrogen supply chain and such. But I say, I think that the demand side initiative are also very, very important to, to, to, you know, to, first of all, to have the efficient economy. Let me explain how to do that. This is a, this is a very sketchy illustration, but it says that CO2 emissions can be calculated by GDP times energy efficiency times carbon intensity. When we, when we are active, we consume some energy. And when energy is consumed, CO2 is generated, usually. So in order to have a need zero CO2 emission, we should not engage in any activities. Right. But it can be possible. So in order to reduce CO2 emissions, we have to, as this equation clearly shows, we have to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon intensity while maintaining economic growth. So let me explain how to improve energy efficiency. I would say that the, the first, the way, easiest way to, to, to, to improve energy efficiency is electrification. Make, try to make everything by electric power. For example, if you convert your petrol engine automobile to electric vehicle, you, the total energy consumption will decrease to one half or even to one third because the electric motor will rotate turns the wheels much, much more efficiently than internal combustion engine. The other way is stop burning fossil fuel and then use heat pump system for the heating or cooling or hot water supply. And because the electric heat pump system is so efficient that you could reduce the energy consumption very much. And by doing these things for the promotion of electricity on demand side, on the supply side, we had to, we have to generate increased amount of energy, electric power consumption due to electrification with non-fossil fuels such as solar power, green power and nuclear power. Okay. By the way, we, we are, you know, we are using electric power very much in our daily lives. Right. Do you know how much we depend on electric power? 85% maybe half something like that. Okay. In, in case of Japan, left-hand side, this is the energy, total energy consumption of Japan. 12, we only dependent, depend on electric power, 26%. And the rest of the, more than 70% is a direct combustion of the fossil fuel like gasoline or oil or no coal. Is that surprising? Because we feel that our lives can be nothing without electricity, but the only dependent on 26% on electric power. But this number, 26, is relatively high in the world. For example, in the UK, this is about 20%. In the US, it's similar. And so the fact that Japan depends on only 26% on, on electric power means that there is a lot of room for the further electrification. Right. Okay. And let me, let me explain the very, very hypothetical optimistic scenario with maximum electrification. Everything can be done is electrified. So all the electric, all the vehicles should be electric vehicle. And then all the houses and then buildings are all electrified. And under that scenario, by 2050, electric portion will go up from 26% to 70% if that's happened. But I want you to draw your attention to is the total amount of energy consumption. A, you see the lot of reduction. It's like magic trick. No, the more you use electric power, of course, the electric power consumption itself goes up because we use electric power. But the total energy consumption will be almost half. Yes. So electrification will reduce energy consumption very much. And then at the same time, if we generate this increased amount of electric consumption with non fossil fuels such as solar, wind, and nuclear as much as possible, the amount of CO2 emission will reduce by 80%. Of course, this is very hypothetical, you know, optimistic scenario. It's very difficult to convert all the houses or all the buildings to all electrified and then all of your vehicle to electric vehicles. But I'm sure that you understand the potential of this electrification would provide in terms of the CO2 reduction or reduction of the energy consumption. So I would say that the best way and then this is a key to reduce energy consumption and then reduce CO2 emission is electrification on demand side. At the same time, decarbonization of supply side. I think this is the answer. So let me explain now the potential of the energy saving and then CO2 emissions in both UK and Japan with some numbers. This is the CO2 emissions from transportation. Take a look at the pie chart left hand side. This red one, 17.4% of CO2 emissions comes from transportation sector in Japan. And 80% of which comes from old mobile of that there are various kinds of old mobiles but the old mobiles including passenger car or heavy utility cars or buses or something. So the total if we could convert all the vehicles to electric vehicle, the potential of the CO2 reduction is very, very large in Japan. Now take a look at UK similar but the proportion of the UK, 31.7% comes from transportation sector and 90% of which comes from auto model of some kinds. So this is a big potential. Let me compare the electric vehicles and then conventional petrol engine vehicle. You know, right hand side Honda Fit is a very, very fuel efficient compact car. It lands 16 km per liter of gasoline. On the other hand, the compatible size of the electric vehicle is the Honda E. It lands 5.5 km for every one kilowatt consumption. But let's compare the energy consumption of two cars. Fit consumes 2082 kJ for every one kilometer driven but Honda E consumes 659 kJ for every one kilometer driven. It's three times. This is a big difference. Fit is very, very efficient car but still if you convert it to the small electric vehicle you could save a lot of energy and then you could reduce a lot of CO2 emissions. So next thing is heat demand. In UK, 47.2% of the total energy is for heat. And in Japan, it's similar. 50.7% of the total energy consumption is for heat producing. Heat demand where I mean is energy which is used for heating, maybe cooking and hot water supply, cooling and those are the household or buildings. But in the industry, in factories, heat demand is for steam or high temperature process like molding or those things. And that kind of demand accounts for almost half of the total energy consumption in both countries. It's a very, very large portion is for heat. And I don't know that the figure in UK but in Japan, 39.3% of the heat demand is the heat temperature is less than 200 degrees Celsius. And because of the heat pump system, I can produce heat very, very efficiently. And then conventional electric heater is not good at producing high temperature heat. You know, electric heater is not just energy efficient. But recently, technology of the heat pumps has advanced very much. And now the heat with the temperature less than 200 degrees Celsius can be produced with heat pump system, much more efficiently than combustion of burning fuels, I call it a gas. By the way, do you know heat pump system mechanism, heat pump system? No, yes. That's why I prepared. Heat pump system is as it's called pump up the heat in the air. The heat exists in the air no matter how cold it is. And then take it out and then bring it to inside the room and then release it. That's a heat pump system. But heat pump systems utilize two major characteristics of the heat. One is heat moves from hotter place to colder place. So if two things put together, this is very hot. This is not cold. The heat moves from hotter place to lower place. And then eventually the temperature of those two would be equal. So this is going to be colder and then this is going to be hotter. And the other characteristics is when you pressurize the air, the temperature of the air goes up. And then if you depressurize the air, the temperature goes down. This is using these two characteristics of the heat. Heat pump, first of all, observes the heat in the outside into the refrigerant. And then so the refrigerant gets a little bit warmer because it absorbs the heat from the outside. Then pressurized by compressor so that the refrigerant temperature of the refrigerant goes up, getting very hot. Then release that heat inside the room so that the refrigerant temperature of the refrigerant goes down because they release the heat. Then a little bit cooler refrigerant goes through the expansion valve and depressurize. And then the temperature of the refrigerant goes down further. So here the temperature of the refrigerant is very cold, colder than the air. So that the heat in the air will move from here to the refrigerant. Just repeat this cycle. And this illustration shows that when we heat up the room. But if you would like to cool air condition inside, just rotate opposite way. Take the heat out of from the room and then release it in outside so that the room temperature goes down. This is a heat pump system. And then heat pump system, the performance of the heat pump system is expressed in terms of COP, a coefficient of performance. In this heat pump, they will, this will take six heat, six energy from outside. And only part that energy is consumed is compressor using electric power and produce seven heat into the room. So the efficiency is seven hundred percent, seven times. Isn't that amazing? If you burn whatever the fossil fuel, gas or coal or oil, no matter how efficient that heating system is, you wouldn't get more than hundred percent of heat, right? But this is a kind of magical equipment which, you know, produce more. And so this case, this heat pump is COP seven. Isn't that amazing? So using this heat pump could realize that a lot of the reduction of energy and then also CO2 emissions. And the heat pump system is beginning to attract a lot of attention, particularly in Europe. In 2007, the EU directive certified heat pump system is renewable energy because they use the heat from the air, natural resources. And because of the last year, the Russian invasion of Ukraine made all the world very, very, very anxious and then the price of the energy just went up very, very sharply. And I International Energy Agency released special report, Future of Heat Pumps, where it says that a heat pump is a very important solution to both energy security and at the same time climate change. So this is, everybody is watching heat pump system very much. And heat pump technology is not new technology at all by any means, but the Japanese companies are leading the world in technology of the heat pump system. Particularly, Daikin as a Japanese heat pump manufacturer is leading technology that cultivated over the years. And Daikin's air-conditioned air heating system, our hot water heating system, can produce 70-degree hot water, even if the outside temperature is minus 15. Isn't that amazing? So as I said that even if it's minus 15 outside, some heat exists in that air. So take that air out and then make seven times, I don't know, six times, and put it in the room to make hot water so that Daikin can produce this hot water, even in very cold Europe in winter. And Daikin's projection, the heat pump heating equipment will increase more than 10 times, 10-fold from 2020 to 2030 and expected to account for more than half of the European heating market. And then even in the UK, UK government established the investment strategy. And then the UK government also see that the heat pump system will be much, much more popular in the coming years. So please keep eye open on heat pump system. It'll be a big, big heat. So stop burning fossil fuel for heating or hot water system. And then as I said that the heat pump system can use for cooling. So the summer of Europe is very hot. So someday you will need an air conditioner in summer. So in that case, this system is very, very useful. So this is the heat pump system. So as I said that the electric vehicle and heat pump system, those are the two major pillar of the electrification. So that promotes these two technologies very much so that we could reduce energy consumption very much. And lastly, let me just briefly touch upon the supply side issue, which is nuclear development, nuclear operation in Japan. There were 54 nuclear units at the time of Fukushima accident, 13 years ago. Among them, only 12 nuclear power units have restarted operation. You know, 54 units stopped, all the 54 units stopped operation right after the accident. But only 12 have restarted operation in the past 12 and a half years. And 21 units were given up to restart and now in the decommissioning process. And that, so it's the Japanese, Japanese public has shown, keeps showing the very, very negative reactions to the nuclear power generation for the past 12 years. However, Russian invasion of Ukraine raised electric price very much. And then also made Japanese public very much worried about stable supply of energy, particularly electric power. I was shocked when I saw this number. This is a result of the public poll. Being asked, do you agree or disagree the restart of nuclear power and nuclear power units that meet new regulatory standard? 58 percent of the respondent said, yes, let's restart nuclear power. This is amazing, astonishing figure because this is a different source, but the results are similar. This is historical, the same question. It's been for many years after the Fukushima accident. Japanese people were very negative to restart the electric and nuclear power units. It stopped right after the accident, but it suddenly changed last year. And Japanese government sees this opportunity of the changes in the public poll. And then Japanese government started advocating the use of nuclear energy. And even started saying that we are going to develop the new technologies of nuclear power, such as small module reactors and high temperature gas reactors. Japanese public opinion still keep that favorable view on this Japanese government policy change. So I would say this is for the first time after the Fukushima accident, the Japanese people changed their stance toward nuclear power generation dramatically. So hopefully with this support, we are going to restart more nuclear units. As it says, there are many, many nuclear power plants are waiting for restart. So hopefully they will start that soon. And this is my talk today. And then as we are going to, as we are trying to realize, need zero society by 2050. So we have to do everything. So we have to do a lot of R&D for the new technologies, such as hydrogen or carbon capture storage or direct air capture of the carbon, those things. But this new technology to develop these new technologies takes some time, some many years. And then there are a lot of risks that everything things are not going well according to the scenario. But the technology that I explained today are all available now. So why don't we start doing that? Of course, while we are doing a lot of R&D for the new technology, but on the other hand, we don't have to wait. And we can convert your automobile to electric vehicle now today. And then you can change your hot water system to heat pump system today. So that's what we should do right now. And then that has a very large potential to reduce CO2 emissions. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Much food for thought there. I'm sure you have loads of questions. I just wanted to start us off, because I'm from Switzerland, where heat pump technology is actually is quite widely used, especially in new buildings. And I recently talked to a friend, a Chinese friend from Harbin, who said, oh, yeah, no, we also have heat pump technology, but everybody hates it. And I asked him why? And he said, because outside it's minus 15 degrees and inside is 32 degrees. And there's no way to turn down the heat. The whole building is heated to the exact same temperature. And so for him, it was more of a question of the collectivist solution versus a more sort of individualized idea. Just a matter of the size of the heat pump. Yes, it must have been a very huge massive thing, as you can imagine. So I wanted to ask you to start us off. Most of the solution that you propose very powerful ideas, but most of them are technological solutions. And I wanted to know how much emphasis would you put on behavioral change in this context? Well, yes, it's a good question. Because as I said, when I participated in the National Conference on Global Warming, people tend to talk about the supply side issue. And the media also report supply side issue a lot.  It's not our responsibility. And but if you use energy as much as you want and put all the responsibility to supply side to protect, to prevent energy shortage, and to reduce CO2 emissions, it makes a difficult question to solve more difficult. So I think that we have to educate people. You can do this today. Right. And so that people that understand, oh, this is, there is some room for us as an energy users or consumer of the energy to do right now. So I think that that kind of education is also very important. But the media tend to, you know, focus on the blood or, you know, via the fire, mountain fire, and those things, right? Right. So of course, that could shock the consumers of energy. We have to do something by ourselves.  So I think that that's why I'm telling this kind of story, or whatever the opportunity I have. Thank you very much. Yes. Questions in the room, please. Thank you. Two questions. I was in Fukushima four years ago. And I could see the line, a good friend from the uni took me around to the new center, information center for earthquakes. And then we could see on the way long lines of tracks carrying contaminated soil from near Fukushima to go and bury it or to be processed or whatever. And that was after a few years or many years of the disaster that issued how to deal with the legacy. And now it contradicts what you said, kindly, that 58% have changed the line. So in other words, the need makes it. So I want to ask you about this, that changing perceptions, its work of governance, perhaps in this case, and lobbies. That's number one. Number two, the green hydrogen. Do you see a clash? Because in Japan, it came from the Middle East, Saudi Arabia, and now we have caught 28 in the Emirates. In this case, do you see this one as a kind of a bridge between the conflict between the international energy agency in Paris and OPEC plus and pushing the net zero from 2050 to 2060? That's my question. Thank you very much. The first question is that actually, I don't know why the people changed their minds so dramatically. Because after the accident, I'm the one who explained to the Japanese people how much we learned from the accident, how safety major we introduced after the lesson, learning lessons from the accident, and how stringent the new safety standard is to the public, people. But as you see, it didn't change at all. But, well, I don't know. Well, thanks to Mr. Putin, first of all. So they probably, yeah, because the electric price went up very sharply last year. And that's for sure one thing. And on TV, not this year, but last year, it is kept saying that save energy, save the electric power, because we are running out of the electric fuel. So people realize that, but still, I was very much surprised by this change. So I do not know exactly what caused this. But obviously, because it happened last year and this year, it must be that the price and then the stable supply of electric power. And the second question, yes, that's also a very good question. But, well, actually, the organization, which now very much working for hydrogen, is an oil industry, gas industry. They made money, a lot of money last year, this year. And they know that their future is not very bright, because they are fossil fuel companies with a lot of money, so that they are spending a lot of money for hydrogen development. So I don't know what your question really means. But again, it could be a replacement of fossil fuel by hydrogen. And then, of course, the best thing is that hydrogen doesn't emit CO2 emissions. So it's a good thing. But as I said, from Japan's view, it wouldn't improve energy sufficiently. Thank you. There's another question. Yes, Marlon. Thank you. That was interesting. I also have an interest in the more social aspect of thinking about why we see that clearly the war must have been a factor. But I'm also wondering whether the practice, and this is finally something that only Japan does. I don't think there's a class of nuclear power as a renewable energy in your graphs. And I think that's very problematic for me, not just in ideological terms of what the part of the renewable power stands for. But when it comes to nuclear power, we haven't solved the problem of what to do with waste. It's really hard to do. So I wonder when this stratification started, as it always being considered a renewable source, has anything changed? I noticed it recently. I'm wondering whether part of the problem in the way we talk about it is to do with this new label that we've attached to it as a renewable kind of source, which defies, I mean, what I found interesting after the machine was that people learned that you could have a different lifestyle before you still survive. That you can't just come to a halt. People were doing, were living recently, and maybe you wouldn't have the lights on 24 hours a day, but you could still live comfortably. And at which point that was forgotten, something that interests me. And I'm wondering whether it is really to do with the way people talk about these things. And of course, media is highly responsible for it, but also these new kind of classification system, they think it's not all right. But it is not perceived as being dangerous anymore. Well, yeah, that's the exactly question that I have. Because during these years, people are very much worried about the safety of the nuclear power plants. Mr. Putin didn't change that. But suddenly, this is the result. So I don't know. This is a matter of the social psychology, or it's not very scientific maybe.  And we have to do something. But in Japan, we have used nuclear power for almost 50 years. So there is a lot of nuclear waste already. But we have to do something, definitely. I'm not saying that's why we can develop nuclear energy further. But that's for sure. We have to do something. But that's one thing. But as I said, we can use technology available now. So I think we better use that technology in order to wait for many decades. I'm sorry. Maybe it's not a very good answer to your question. But I think that's just, I don't know why this happened exactly. I don't know. In Japan? No, no, no, not at all. It's totally different things. Well, I don't, because both do not emit CO2 emissions. That's the same. But those are totally different technologies. And renewable is natural power. So that you can't control sunlight or wind. So whenever they generate electric power, generate. And no matter how much we need the electric power, there is sometimes they stop generating power. So it's a natural thing. But on the other hand, nuclear power is a technology. It's a generation method. So we can control the power. We can stop it. We can start it. I don't think that any Japanese thinks that both of them are renewable or these things. It's a totally different thing. That's why this happened. For many years, people do not like nuclear. But they like renewable very much. But suddenly, this happened. Thank you. There's two questions, and I'll come to you from the audience online. Thank you very much for your presentation, says Ben Haringa. How might Japan's aging society impact its policies to reduce emissions? Do all the people really care about reducing carbon emissions? That's a good question. Good question. I don't know. Well, but Japanese people are relatively well educated. So we have people read and then watch and no news and every day. So I think that the awareness of the green transition or global warming is very high. So I think I hope that the elderly people don't care about energy problem or global warming because by the time they die, it wouldn't happen anything. So I don't see any, but definitely younger people have more invested. Yes, awareness. And then they think that they have to do something. But I don't see any that big difference between ages. Right. Thank you. Yes, there's another question. Thank you so much for the education seminar talk. I have two questions. It was kind of practical. One is the possibility of using the geothermal energy, the genesis. Is there any discussion on that? That is the first question. And the second question is, I was very curious about, oh, I thought it was a good idea to use the hypoxis. How widely is it available and how affordable it is? Okay. Okay. Well, I love geothermal power. I just love. So I think that particularly Japan should develop geothermal very much like Iceland. But the reason why we haven't been successful is I think that the geothermal potential sites, of course, it's volcano things are located in on some area, hot spring areas. So the many people are engaging on some business or tour business are very much afraid if we extract hot water from the ground, there the hot spring, you know, the amount of the hot spring will decrease or those things. And then also, these are the open case located in National Park. It is similar to a hydroelectric park. It's rather difficult to develop the large scale things. But recently the technology, you know, advanced and usually geothermal extract hot water from the ground and using that power theme, we rotate the generator. But recently, like oil gas development, we put water in the deep in the ground so that the water gets hot and then come back. They use that power so that this in this technology, we do not take any hot water from the ground so that the people in the hot spring industry or hot spring businesses do not worry about the scarceness of the hot water. So that I think what I wanted to say is a technology. So I think that geothermal is for particularly for Japan, volcano countries. And then we see that a lot of good example in Iceland, although the scale is very different. So it's not easy to just compare Iceland and Japan, but still use geothermal very, very practically. And I think we should do that. I like geothermal very much. And what is the next question? How expensive is the heat pump system? It's not expensive at all. First of all, Japanese air conditioner, usually it's for cooling, but of course it can be used for heating. It's not that very expensive. And then usually people change air conditioner when it's broken. So it's about 10 years old or 12 years old. And then they change new one. And compared to the 10 years ago or 12 years ago, the COP that I explained, the coefficient of performance, is dramatically improved. So if you just change all the air conditioner to the newest, more than one, the average energy consumption, electric power consumption will reduce sometimes half. So, and then the price is, I don't know, maybe 100,000 yen. Yeah, or 500. Of course, the higher the COP, the more expensive. But still, even if it's a very, not very high-end model, Japanese air conditioner, COP is something like five, six. So they produce five times energy. And then if it's the more than newest, most expensive one, COP is seven or eight. But probably the one you are using 10 years ago, 12 years ago, maybe COP is two or three something like that. So if you change it, you would save a lot of energy. Thank you. There's one more question and two more questions here in the room. Stella Dixon says, thank you for your talk. It was enlightening. I have two questions, if I may. I conducted my master research last year with forestry conservationists who were very keen to use Japan's forests as a resource to improve self-sufficiency, such as using wood for construction. Do you think forests and wood have a place in Japan's energy transition as well as to improve self-sufficiency? That's one question. And the other question is, alongside the change in views on nuclear power in Japan, do you see a broader shift in public perspectives on climate change, especially after the extremely hot summer this year? EG, are people more aware, more willing to change their behaviors, et cetera? This is a forest station. So is it an biomass energy? The example of the utilized forest. And then it's a very important part. They observe a lot of CO2, so that forest of forestation is very important. And I totally agree with that. But I thought it takes time to plant the trees. And so, of course, we have to do that. But I would expect very quick result. But of course, we have to keep planting a lot of trees. That's one thing. And the other thing is, the next question, it's the change of the mind. Yes, over summer, climate change. Yes, yes. The media keeps talking about whatever the extreme weather we experience. This is from global warming. So that people are very much aware, if it's true or not, but the people are very much worried about those very severe weather storms and the flood. And so, yeah, I'm not saying that unless there is those extreme weather, people wouldn't change their mind. But yeah, that definitely push people to think about global warming through their daily lives. So, yeah, I think it helps. Thank you. There was a question here. Thank you for our amazing presentation. I'm impressed about their heat-form system. Or could you tell me their biggest problem for spreading the systems and their differences are by areas or something? What's the problem? Say it again, please. Or they're spreading the system? The promotion of the system? In Japan, it's very, very popular. And I don't know, the people understand the mechanism of heat pumps, but they use heat pumps because it's so popular and available. If you go to the electric appliance shop, and then you can buy a lot of air conditioners, and then the heat pump, a hot water system is also available, so a bit expensive. But as far as Japan is concerned, heat pump is just popular. But as I said, even in Europe or in the United States, heat pump technology is becoming a lot of attention recently. This is probably because the global warming issue pushed this trend. And then sometimes, for example, when I gave a talk at Stanford University at a very nice hall, a big, big building, and then the people introduced me and showed that room in the hall, big hall, where I gave a talk. And then he proudly said that this building is using heat pump systems three years ago. And then I thought it's every building in Japan by using heat pump systems from maybe 20, 30 years ago. So I was very much surprised that the heat pump system is very new to Europe. But it's California. And then even in Europe, it's becoming very, very much as I explained. So please keep your eye on the heat pump system. It will be a big hit, definitely. A bit expensive, but yes, yes. And then I heard that in, I don't know, in the UK, but in Eastern Europe, they are using the central heating system, which means that they, as somebody said, that they do not heat just one room. They heat entire community. And there is a huge boiler and tank and then produce hot water there. And then it's rotate in the community and then heat up the inside of the house. So the diagene replace that boiler by heat pump system and then use that tank as it is and produce hot water by heat pumps, not by boiler. So I think it's rather easy to convert from conventional hot water making or heating system used in Europe to combine it to heat pumps. Thank you. Yes, please. Thank you very much for your presentation. A question about the nation like, about the power plant, the deep sea, you mentioned the first time. I mean, a wind power. Oh yeah, wind power in India. So floating. Oh yeah, wind power. Yeah. So I have one question, that what, which is the relationships between power plant system and the fishing industry. I saw that use last summer, one day company on the power plant in Indonesia, but there were some separate power plant in the fishing industry of the country. What do you think about this? Yeah, good point. It's a very big problem. It's like a hot spring industry. So fishery, fishermen, not very much favorable. And whatever the day, we build something near sea. Fishermen unions are the big, big program. So again, that offshore wind power, particularly in Japan, have that kind of problem very much. So it costs, we have to compensate something. So yes, it is a big problem. As you saw that the TV news or something, it is a big problem. It's not easy. Thank you. Any more questions in the room? There is one more question online here. Is it, do you think it's unfair to group single person transit private cars and public transport together in your emissions analysis? Since public transport can move many more people more efficiently, do you think the move shouldn't be towards electric cars but public transport electrified? I really enjoyed the lecture. Thank you. Yes, yes, it's true. But usually train is electrified. So and then as you know that Japanese public transportation system is so efficient and jam packed. So it's very, very in terms of the energy saving, it's very good system. It's not comfortable at all. But anyway, so I think it is true. It's true. And then the Japanese, you have typical example, but still, there are a lot of cars, a lot of automobiles. And then, and so we have to convert that to electric vehicles as much as possible. Yes, it's true. Right. Well, thank you very much. It is time. There's another event after us, apparently. Please join me in thanking our speaker tonight. Thank you very much for a very interesting talk. And do join us next week for a slightly different topic where we move to literature. We haven't had a talk on literature in a long time. Dr. Nozomi Uematsu will speak about hair and labor in Emiyagi's diary of a void. Same place, same time next week. Thank you very much. Have a good evening.


What up everybody, I'm Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com doing a random number block randomizer for obsidian half case pick your team at 9 involving 23 teams So this entire obsidian break is almost the whole thing's almost a number block break. This is how this format works and Any non numbered cards going to be randomized through this is going to be base cards and potentially Potentially case hits I guess but we're going to randomly collect them as one lot and randomize them to one person in the group So that could be my spot. I could see a lot of extra base cards. So I'll be pretty cool big. Thanks to this group for making it happen Thanks to the people who bought their spots straight up and congrats to the winners of the filler for this filler There's the numbers right there. Let's assign you let's randomize your group of numbers after two and three five times one two three Four and five After five we got Robert down to Steve. Oh Controls the Robert down to Steve there we go. All right two and a three five times for the numbers one two three four Now one down to four members zero gets any and all redemption for that big group of teams including one of one redemptions very rare occurrence, but We've got to account for it every time All right, so Robert you got one Steve with six Chad with five Steve with zero Includes one of one redemptions, but Robert you'll still get live one of ones Robert you also have two Jason with nine Eric with eight Richard with seven Chad with three and Steve with four let's sort this numerically and We'll see in the next video for the break Jasper's case rakes.com


Hi, beautiful. What's up? Today we're watching some people go blonde at home with box color. Yay. They're gonna be using only things that you can find at the local drug store. We might get some good things. Obviously some bad things. We'll see what happens. It should be fun. Should be a party, baby. So let's check it out. Let's watch some people try to go blonde and probably fail miserably. Let's do it. Like my- Like I'm a f***ing crackhead. Like what? You think I'm a f***ing crackhead now? What? You think I'm a crackhead? Tell the audience. Tell them how I am, who I am. Tell them that I slept with him, okay? There's a demon inside me. First up, we have a video by Rosemary Lopez. And this is bleaching my hair from dark to blonde. L'Oreal Paris, Colorista, Bleach All Over, Balayage Part 1. Okay. Let's check it out. That's what I sound like. I really like your eyeshadow. I think you give an eyeshadow. What did you just do?  I am so excited to see you. We're gonna color our hair. Right off the bat, her hair is really, really, really dark brown and it looks really, like, good. I just feel like she's going to ruin it, considering she's using box color on her very, very dark hair. This is already something that's gonna be really hard to do in the salon, but you're bringing it home and you're only using box dye, so that's 20 times harder. Number one step that you need to do before you bleach your hair is to put coconut oil from your room into the hair. So over this coconut oil, I'm gonna sue the coconut oil industry is what I'm gonna do.    We're gonna use the L'Oreal Colorista Bleach. This is spooky. Number one, the developer. I was so shocked, I could have thought, I said, where's the powder? So the powder is here, it's just hiding on the side. There's a lot of reasons why this scares me.  Is that really gonna be enough lightener for your entire head? What if you need more? I feel like they're gonna give her very bland directions that don't really tell her exactly what to do on her particular hair type. It's just general directions, because obviously it's a color box, like what are you gonna do, put specific directions to each person? No, you're gonna put general directions and then people follow the general directions and it doesn't come out that they want it to come out. Three, it's the lightening cream. Number four is the anti-brass conditioner with cool six-pound art developer and the powder bleach. We're dividing the hair into sections, into four sections. Yes, I love to see it. You guys know that. And I'm just gonna get a small piece. So guys, avoid to put the bleach on the tip. I mean the root. She said something I liked, which was avoid the root. The other thing that she did that I hated was just grab the section, go with the lightener. The section was a little bit too big, but you know what, I'll take it. I like that she's using foil. I really worry. I actually don't mind her technique. Okay, so we're doing like a balveage moment. I'm worried she's gonna get a lot of spotting going on just because she's kind of just going on the top surface of her hair and just swishing it on through. Makes me nervous, I guess you could say. And I'm gonna leave it for an hour, but it says in the instruction that 40 to 60. 40 to 60, that's good. My hair is really dark and I just wanted to get the best result for the hair bleach tonight. So yeah, I'm gonna leave it for an hour. I think that's great that she left it on for an hour. That's perfect timing for her. Oh, it's blonde. We're gonna rinse it off and that's the time that we will see the final result. Holy blonde! I am just gonna put a toner. I wanna see her rinse it off and do a little, shh, little tonage. It's looking stringy. Our hair is looking dry, but that's to be expected. We're using lightener. This is a transformation that's about to happen. I'm so excited for this. This is now the result of our bleach. Pretty much, I am so happy about it. And as we get to this kind of orange, yeah, and that's very normal if you bleach your hair. She's going to bleach it again, apparently. Thank God. I thought she was gonna leave it like that. I honestly was really scared. And I just applied more hair color on the tip of my hair because it's where I wanted to achieve the lightest color. For this one, you just need to repeat the process all over your hair. A long story short, watching her bleach it again, apparently she did it like three or four more times. And then she toned it and then she did more and more. And then we got this. Right now, it looks fine still, but kind of dry, but yeah, we're gonna revive my hair like hair mask. I'll be experimenting by using rice. Oh, I don't know. Yeah, this still a lot of fun stuff to do this week. Yes. Wait, she did a good job. First video today and then it was a good job. She did like kind of a good job with that box set. And I just don't really get how that happened. But she did lighten it like four times. I mean, it looks good. She looks really good as a blonde. Is it just me? All right, that's right. I had to start commenting away. I think Brad only likes blondes. Brad loves to already be blonde. Like, oh my God, you're so smart. Like I'd never heard anybody say that before. That's so crazy. Get an original comment, please. Honestly, kind of a 10 out of 10. I mean, like it's a little too brassy for my liking and a little uneven, but I'll accept it. You look divine. Your technique was kind of dope. You sectioned, you did the thing. Next time just use like 30 volume and lightener powder from a beauty supply store and don't use box dye because you don't really know what you're getting in it. You'll get the same effect or better, but you'll know exactly what you're using on your hair. So that's the difference. So just try it out next time, all right. Next video is by Harriet Murray and this is called Box Dye Blonde. Gardening a Nutri's 10.01. And now I'm just discussing with mom about what to do with my hair. I'm very unhappy with my hair color at the moment. Why? It's so pretty. It's very underscript and just horrible. Okay, your hair is not horrible. It's actually really cute. I like what's going on. You've a beautiful, beautiful natural blonde color. It's gorgeous. I like this kind of fade into blonde. I think it can be definitely spruced up and then, you know, bring the highlights up a bit. I think that would really help. Hopefully we're doing something like that today. Well, we'll see. I'm gonna get two boxes of blonde hair dye and a purple shampoo to kind of tone it if it all goes wrong. Okay, sort of a plan. Got two boxes. Okay. The Garnier Nutri. Gray coverage. You don't need that. Blonde, permanent hair color. And then I also got a purple shampoo in case we need some sort of toning afterwards. Great. I think this goes quite yellow. So we'll see. And then we're gonna mix up the first batch of... Okay, so I'm curious what developers in this formula because it's gray coverage, but probably like 30 volume or something. And it's supposed to really lighten your hair and there's probably a s*** that you don't need in there. And it's probably gonna do a little lot of damage that she doesn't need. I'm just scared for her hair. I just want it to look good, you know? And mom's sectioning. And she's starting from the bottom and going up, which I love. But we are applying to the roots and we are shampooing it when it's not a shampoo. Starting to get some orangey yellow tones going. Hopefully her roots don't get lighter than her ends from the heat from her scalp, you know? I would treat this like a virgin color application. That's three words. You would do at the mids and the ends before the roots. That way you don't get hot roots, which means your roots are really bright and your ends are really not bright. I fear this was a big mistake. Ooh, it's really blonde. In Hollywoodaby, Hollywoodaby would not let me down. It actually looks really good. It's gonna be the purple shampoo because every video I watched online, they did go kind of yellowy orange, which I am preparing myself for and it looks... You might need more than a purple shampoo. This is hopefully gonna be my salvation. I might just leave this on for the rest of the day if it looks horrendous. My alternative backup plans are potentially going and buying a brown and just covering everything. Don't do that, please no, please no. This is a 10 minute to go update. There's definitely something happening up top. This might actually look good. Oh my God. Oh. This is not good. I am going to blow dry this a bit. Wait. I don't know. I don't know why she's upset. To me it looks really nice and goes with her skin tone very well. I mean it's a very warm color and she has a very pink skin tone, but she's very pale and I feel like that kind of like gentry color looks great on pale people with cool skin tones and it looks very natural. And even, may I say? It's looking a little bit better having somewhat dried it. Mums just come up to say that, oh, like this is not bad actually to be fair, but actually the more I dry it, the more it's like not the end of the world. Instead of maybe a purple shampoo, maybe use a real toner. You know, purple shampoo is made to maintain the toner or gloss or whatever you want to call it. You need something a little stronger if you don't want it so warm toned. But I think the warm looks really great on you. We have washed again and purple shampooed again and conditioned again. The yellow tone is already going down. So I am okay. I think what I'll do is purple shampoo every day this week and see what happens. Okay, I know what you're gonna say. You're gonna be like, okay, see, box dye is not that bad, Brad. I am bad. She, you know, was the most perfect candidate for a box dye treatment, honestly, because she had very healthy hair. She had mostly virgin hair and there was really no way she was about to damage it because that is so thick and so healthy and it honestly came out really good. This is a good example of like how to not abuse box dye and how to be okay with it. You know, she could have used something professional and just got it at the store and knew what she was getting inside the professional color but she went with the box dye route, which I'm gonna say is okay for this. This time around, it's okay. I love the outcome. I think the warmer blonde looked really, really good on her and I don't know, she's got really lucky. This is like another solid 10 out of 10 today. What's going on? Am I okay? Is everything okay? I'm scared. Why are you just coming out good? I don't know. Let's go to the next video. Hopefully we get one disaster today. Next video is by Elise Chile. This is called going from brown to platinum blonde hair at home vlog. So today, as you probably tell, I'm a little bit different. I am going to dye my hair.  So I wanted to go really platinum blonde and I've got the Swatchgraf intense color and it's literally the max blonde. It's like dark browns into really light blonde. So we're going in with the Swatchgraf bleach. She's going right on her roots first. I've run out of product. What happened here?  I should have brought another bottle. This is what happens when you go right on your roots first. Do you see that?  And the top of my hair, I basically saturate the top of my hair way too much and it's gone so blonde at the top and the back isn't even taken yet. So I've got like two toned hair.  You should be panicking. It's just bad. So I'm going to wait for this to take. I'm going to wait 20 minutes.  You're going to need to use foils at this point or else you're not going to get anything even because you had all that heat from your scalp which is making the color process faster and brighter. So if you don't use foils on your ends, you're not going to get as bright of a color as you did on your roots, which is what I'm worried about. And then I've also bought a toner. So this toner stops the brassiness because that's what I'm not liking. Hi guys, so another quick update. I've just finished the other half. Oh, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. You're putting more on. Out and then I will tone it. Fingers crossed, it turns out okay. I'm not crossing my fingers because I know what's going to happen. It's going to look like, good morning. So I slept in it and I've styled it. And this is after like all of the hair products, two toners and two blonde boxes. My hair is still yellow, but it's a lot better. Wait, what? I'm surprised that she's not ecstatic about this situation that she's in because it looks good. What? Oh my God, what is happening today? Why is this all like turning out so good? And she's like not happy. I don't get it. It's a lot better than what it was when I was panicking. So like, you have a look. How is it so even? What kind of is this? There was like a block color, which I don't like. Oh no. Like three boxes of ash blonde, I don't know which one to use yet. I've also got, if it goes wrong, I've got a silver toner and also silver shampoo just cause I hate the yellowness. Like I look like Slim Shady literally. Oh my God. So she's trying to tone her hair, but she's using permanent color. Permanent color is different than dye permanent or dye permanent color. You don't tone your hair permanent color, especially not box dye permanent color. So such a bad idea. Color does not lift color. You cannot change your hair color using color on top of it. You must use lightener or a dye permanent or dye permanent color. It's different. It goes inside the follicle. Changes the chemical makeup of your hair. You don't want to do that too many times and wherever else your hair will be really damaged. It also says 100% gray coverage, which is scary because there's a very high developer in there at least 20 or 30, probably 30. I just kept rubbing it in, making sure that it was all even, trying to get it everywhere. Mainly put it in the roots and then tried to like push it down with my hands. But I just tried to get it on as quick as possible so that then I could wash it out and as soon as it hit like five to 10 minutes, I didn't actually time myself, but as soon as I felt like it was all applied, I took it off. So wait, she already did it? It looks the same. I'm so happy that it turned out okay because that yellow was just not good. Like no way was I going to work like that.  How did it come out like this? What is going on? I don't know what to say guys. Don't let this influence you to go and buy this box that she got so lucky. I'm shook. I have nothing to say about it. Cool, good for you. And I'm happy it came out well. I don't know how it came out well, but it did. 10 out of 10, I guess. Oh, that's three 10 out of 10s today. I don't think I've ever done that, ever. I think what I learned today is that I don't know what's happening to the world. I don't know why that all went so well and I'm scared. I'm scared for the future. Make sure you guys follow me everywhere else. Here are all my social media handles. There you go, boom. This is my number. Yes, it is really a number of mine. Yes, I really will be texting a few feedback if you texted me right now. I can't speak. And also this will notify you whenever I post a video or do anything like that. So right there, do it. Make sure you guys check out my haircare brand and my color brand at xmodohair.com. You can also follow us on our Instagrams, xmodocolor and xmodohair to get the hair of your damn dreams. If you guys aren't already subscribed, you can hit the subscribe button right below. You can also hit the bell icon and the like button if you enjoyed today's video. Today's Instagram shout out goes to Joy and she says, hi, beautiful. Oh, thank you, hi, beautiful. So I've been wanting to dye my hair for a while now. The most adventurous I've done is blonde highlights. What do you suggest? Red, like a coppery red. Oh my God, it would look so good.  Try it out and if you end up doing it, I would love to see a photo. That's all for today, guys. Thank you so much for watching. Don't forget to live your extra life and I'll see you next time. Bye guys.


So, thank you to be here, I'm Federico Tomassetti, and I build parser and languages for a living. And today I'm going to talk about Java parser. You can use to generate, analyze and refactor Java code. And we also have the maintainer on the first line. So if you have very difficult question, ask him. And what it is that Java parser is a set of libraries that you can use for all sort of things related to code. So you can use it for code generation, code analysis and also code refactoring. And we have a growing user base, but we have problems getting feedback from our users to understand on which kind of usages we should focus on. So the idea is that we are trying to talk with the community and get feedback. So if you have ideas, if you have suggestion, please talk to us here on GitHub. Please silence all of your phones. Yeah. And, okay, so what Java parser does? So surprise, surprise, Java parser is a parser. So it means that you can throw it some code, like in a fire, in a string, whatever. And it give you back an abstract syntax tree. So probably no one is surprised. But it can also do the opposite. So you can give it some abstract syntax tree and it gives you back code. Now, if you combine these two different features, it means that you can start with some code, get the abstract syntax tree, work on it, like changing it, and then go back to code. So you can do refactoring of existing code. Now, a parser is not enough to solve complex problem. And this is why we have also a symbol solver. And here there are some examples of why you need this kind of things. Now, if you look at these two statements, the abstract syntax tree for these two statements looks exactly the same because basically you are assigning the value one to something that is called foo. But the abstract syntax tree doesn't know what foo is. They have no idea that in this case this is a parameter and in this case this is a field. So they are two different foo and these two statements do different things. Or, for example, if you have two separate method calls that call two different methods, two methods that happen to have the same name but they are different, the abstract syntax tree looks exactly the same. So you need some additional logic, a symbol resolution, to distinguish these two cases. Or finally, you could have the same problems with types. Here I'm instantiating two different classes, an internal class or a local class, but the statement per se and the corresponding abstract syntax tree is exactly the same.  Like here I'm referring to type D, the symbol solver will be able to examine this reference and figure out that this referred to the class D in the same package somewhere else in another file. The way the integration of the type solver with Java parser works in this way. You basically take nodes of the abstract syntax tree and you have some methods that require symbol resolution and some methods that work all the time. For example, if I have a node of the abstract syntax tree that is representing a method call, I can always get the name because the name is in the code itself. So I have this information directly in the abstract syntax tree. So this works also if the Java symbol solver is not enabled. Well, if you want, stay closer to your laptop. Okay. While if you want to do something more advanced, like calculate the result type resulting of the expression, now you need to use the Java symbol solver because to understand the resulting type of the method call, you need to find the definition of the method that you are calling and looking at the returning type over there. If you want to use a symbol resolution, basically you need to give it one information that is where to look for classes. So you can say to it to look into some source directories or some jar files or for classes from the standard library you may want to use the reflection. Now this is a briefest course of the main features. Now let's look at some use cases. The first use case is supporting code generation. People may want to generate code because they have to write a lot of boilerplate code. Let's imagine you have to write one class for each of your database table, something pretty bold, or maybe you want to buy to build some transpiler. For example, I build DSLs for a living, so I build these higher level languages and then translate to Java. I could use the Java parser to generate the Java code. The way you can use Java parser for this goal is pretty simple. You create a compilation unit that represents an entire file. You set the package, declaration, then for example you create a class inside this file. You add a couple of fields to this class. Then if you want to add a constructor, you have to specify its public. It takes a couple of parameters and then basically you assign these parameters to the corresponding fields. So it's pretty easy, maybe a bit long to write, but pretty easy. And then maybe you add a couple of getters. So again, you create a method, for example, name, get title, and this method will contain just one return statement, so you just return the value of the field. Then in the end you use two string on the wall compilation unit and you get your source code. So this use case is very simple. You just use the API to build an abstract syntax tree called two string and you get the code, so there is not much to say about this. There are more advanced usages, like for example code analysis. You may want to do this because you want to calculate some metrics on your code or you want to ensure that some quality standards are met or maybe you want to do some simple one-off queries, maybe to familiarize with your code base. I have a few examples on this. Suppose that you want to figure out how many methods take more than three parameters in your libraries. So I have parsed all the source code, so I have a bunch of compilation units that are containing all CUs, this list, and then I am using these helper methods to find among all these compilation units all the method declaration. Once I have this list of method declaration, I just start a stream, filter them by the number of parameters and then print the result. I have run these queries on a simple project called Amcrust and in this case I can figure out that in Amcrust there are eleven methods taking more than three parameters. So maybe I want to take a look at them and refactor them. Another query that is a bit more complex, maybe I want to figure out three top classes with most methods. So again, I take all the class or interface declaration. Now, in Java parser we are one type of node that could represent classes or interface and we distinguish it by looking at flag. So in this case we take all the nodes of this type, we throw away the interfaces so we have just the classes and we look at the number of methods, we sort them in the sending order and we take the first three. And so in this case we figure out that core matches have 35 methods, the description has 13 and is equal to S9. Now, in this case we didn't use symbol resolution. So these get methods means only the methods that are declared on the class itself. We are not considering the methods that were in-array because to do that we will need to jump to the parent, jump to the implemented interface and look over there. So we use instead symbol resolution in this example. In this case we are asking, what is the class with most ancestors? So most super classes and interfaces that were extended or implemented recursively. So in this case I take again all the classes, then a core result to get the version of the class declaration. We told this information results with the reference to the parent so that I can jump in that declaration and summon it. In this case I sort by the number of all ancestors, again in the sending order. And for example I can figure out the string contains is the one with more ancestor because it's a standard or implements a bunch of classes. So this is just to give you a rough idea of the kind of queries you can write. Now, another use case that I'm very interested into is code refactoring. The idea is that you could have to modernize a large code base, like you inherit a project written with Java 1.4 and you want to start taking advantage of strings or maybe just for each loop or stuff like that, or maybe you want to update some dependencies. So the API of the library you're using are changed. You want to refactor this automatically because maybe you're using it in one gazillion of places in your code. Or perhaps you want to change some usage patterns. Maybe you're using the singleton pattern somewhere and you want to initialize all these fields in a lazy way. You can do this refactoring automatically. So just to give you an idea, I consider this very simple example. The idea is that you're using a library with a method that is called old method. So it's a very suspicious name for a method. Come up the new version of the library, old method is gone, and now you should use new method instead. And the new method state three parameters while old method used to take two. And this new method take the first two parameters are the same I used to take with old methods. We just need to invert them. And then I need to pass a Boolean as a third parameter that should be true if I want to get the same behavior I used to get with old method. So how I implement this stuff? Well, I find all the method calls, then I resolve the invoke method so I figure out which method is actually called. I look at this signature and I see that it matched the signature I'm interested in. This is important because maybe I have calls to another old method that is not the one that's changed and I want to be sure to just change the correct old method. So I find all these method calls and for each of them I replace the call with a new method call that I will show in the next slide. And this is how I build a new method call. I just create a new method call expression node. I reuse the old scope. The scope is the stuff that comes before the dot. So before I was calling full dot old method now I want to call full dot new method. Once I've done that, well, of course I set the correct name for the method call. Then I add the first two parameters. There are the same parameters I had before but inverted. And then I pass a Boolean literal with value true and I'm done. So with these few lines I will be able to refactor this call to use the new method and you can imagine that if I had a ton of calls to the old method I would save a lot of time and I would be sure to avoid any error because with this kind of boring repetitive task it's very easy to get things wrong. So very quickly some other features we have in Java parser that we think are interesting is comment attribution. So we are able to understand to which piece of code the comments refer to. And this is important because sometimes you want to delete a statement. Probably you want to delete the associated comment. Or if you take a statement and want to connect to a box that is very important that maybe I will do that later. Okay, if you want to move the statement you want to move the associated comment with it. So these kind of things are useful. Another feature that has some bugs is lessical preservation. So if you start parsing a piece of code and you change the abstract syntax tree when you get the code back you would like to get the original code with some adjustment preserving the original layout.  Now you need to adapt the code by removing B but also one of the comments otherwise the code doesn't make sense. Or if you are parsing a method that for some reason has a very weird indentation and you add the new statements in this method you want to preserve the same style and so add the new statement with the same indentation as the statement above. So there are a lot of things to consider to get lessical preservation right and so we are thinking it's an important feature to have and not easy to replicate for our competitors. Now there are other things that we are planning for the future and probably we are not going to read this but it doesn't matter because this is just to show an example of a matcher library we are experimenting with and this piece of code is able to identify properties in Java Beam so it's able to find the triplets of a field declaration, a getter and a setter and return you all the matches giving you the name of the property and the type of the property. So this kind of library could be very useful to recognize patterns and code. Another things that we are considering working on is Java templates. So the idea is that you could define a piece of Java code with some place older and we could be able to validate syntactically these templates. For example, the first example is correct while the second is wrong because you cannot use an expression there. So the idea is that this way you can build what you can have templates that you can validate before using them. The final use case that we would love to support is making Java extensible. This is because of some discussion we have with some researcher and with a very large company involved with open source and what they need to do is taking Java and add new statements to it. And the problem is that currently the only way they can do that is taking an original compiler or a tool like Java parts and fork it because there is no way to allow for extension of the grammar itself. So we are looking for better ideas and suggestions and if you have ideas feel free to share them with us. And this is the last slide. I wanted just to share this book that we have been writing that is available for free. I mean it's possible to do a donation but it's possible to take it for free. And we had over 1,000 readers of this book and so it's also a signal that there is some interest in the project and I encourage you to look for the project on GitHub and open an issue if there is something that you would like to improve. So thank you for your attention. I have two questions. The first one is to pass two source files and do a diff between the ASTs so let's see what changes. Look at Git comments and I want to scan one or the other and then see what changes. I should repeat the question. It's possible to pass two source files and calculate the difference automatically. The answer is no. I can pass them, get two UPSAs but we don't have any mechanism to do the diff automatically. But it would be an interesting use case. My second question would be can you pass partially broken files that are not compilable? We have some error tolerance. We support passing single pieces of the code so you can pass a single statement, a single expression, this is done. We have some error tolerance so the first syntactical error shouldn't just explode but something that could be improved. Do you handle generics or lambdas and maybe dynamic code? We... Do we handle generics, lambdas and metadata? Dynamic codes. At the parsing level, yes, 100% at the symbol resolution level we kind of support it. You are not scared by a few bugs here and there, right? If you are not scared then we support it, yes. So you have a parser for generics? Yeah, we parse it. That's easy. Do a bold parsing then. Symbol resolution is very complex with lambdas and generics. Yeah. Time is up.


Ooh, that's a hot mug, guys. Hey guys, just doing some editing here. Just got back from painting Arcade Expo down in Seattle. It was a fun time, a little bit. You know, there's things that could be improved upon, but since it's coming back from COVID, I couldn't really expect much from it. What I actually went into with actually zero almost zero expectations and somehow I was still disappointed was Jurassic World. As you can see, I just finished watching it. And I really hope Mr. Colin Trevor here never gets a job again. I don't know why Universal fought to double down on this dupe after he made a movie so bizarre and so high up on his own butthole fumes that it got him kicked out of his Disney contract for making the ninth Star Wars movie, which all things considered, it actually might have been okay, but that's something that just we'll never see.  For a film that's supposed to be wrapping up this bizarre stupid trilogy that Colin's given us, he does essentially the exact same thing that he's done the last two movies, except all of it feels so by the book or not even that, more so minimum effort.  Some of the line delivery in this film is abysmal, but the person who is the worst, the absolute worst is this guy called Campbell Scott. He plays Dodson in this movie, who apparently like that is their strangest way of kind of trying to get fan service again for this movie. Oh wow, I actually just improved my lighting there. I should do this more often.  And Dodson's just like, yeah, you know, and literally he delivers lines like that. He actually delivers some lines in a way that I think, okay, that must have been just him forgetting the lines.  We actually, he was so bad throughout all of the movie. We're just gonna put in this and try and make some humor. No, he's gone awful. I don't know how he has a career. I have admittedly never seen him in anything else, truly, but I don't know how he was the first casting choice, because he is carnate, sorry, he is cardboard incarnate.  Kirsten Stewart in Twilight is leaps and bounds better than this gentleman because while her acting was terrible, at least she was trying to emote.   It doesn't have any character to it. It has no heart to it. It has no knowledge to it. Poor Michael Criken is probably rolling in his grave once again.   It still made a billion dollars. The first one, the Jurassic World made 1.6 billion. Fallen Kingdom made 1.3 billion somehow. This one did not crack the billion mark. It got real close. It got to 996 million, but that means that every movie was a significant drop. This movie dropped 600 million from the first movie. I just, I don't know why they went with him. I don't know why anyone had any hope that this movie was gonna be good. It is such a bland story that it feels like it's a television episode from the middle of a season of some show you're watching. It's not even a finale in terms of its creativity or its woohoo action bit or its ramifications to the story. The whole idea of Jurassic World was the idea of what would happen if dinosaurs got out into the real world. And at the end of the last movie, I actually admit, I was like, okay, you know what? Maybe, maybe the next one can actually have an interesting idea. And I think that was blown out the window within the first 10 minutes because after the whole locust thing that's talked about, that's it. There's not really any other ramifications other than like, oh, here's some funny internet videos of people being attacked by dinosaurs. They talk so nonchalantly about the end of the world happening despite the fact that dinosaurs being re-acclimated into human society would be devastation on a scale untold. We would have people being eaten if these dinosaurs are reproducing as rapidly as this movie is implying, we would lose the planet. We would have to kill them all if we wanted to survive. And that's the other thing too, is it's like this whole, they're still trying to save them, which is like, come on guys, there's a reason why we exist now and they're gone now, we can't co-exist. And they don't even try to really establish that in the movie. They're just doing it, oh, we gotta do it. Oh, we gotta get Blue's kid back because Chris Pratt made a promise and he's really good at holding up his hand now.  It doesn't have any soul, it has no heart. It has nothing, it's not even a wet fart. It's just that dry, airless, odorless one. It doesn't even have any taste to it whatsoever. It is the lamest Jurassic Park movie of the entire trilogy, of the entire saga.  At least it had some horror elements in it. This one didn't, it seemed like it tried. Dinosaurs just kept on appearing randomly in situations and areas that the characters just so happened to be in. It was all these different, like it was cool to see different dinosaurs but you have to have substance to it guys. Like the plot of this movie is probably about like, I don't know, a napkin's worth of detail. Blue's kid and biogenetic clone girl who should truly have been way more important.  Yeah, you know what? Like at first I was thinking, like, you know, maybe this isn't as bad. Maybe this isn't as bad as Falling Kingdom but it's worse. It has so many obvious cues of please pay attention to us. Look how much nostalgia we're giving you. Oh, hey, look, we're gonna have Malcolm do the same thing we did in the last movie. Oh, hey, we're gonna have Grant do the same thing he did in the other movies. Hey, we're gonna have a fight with a T-Rex, a Giganosaurus and some random one with big long claws, all of which appear so suddenly out of nowhere, you think you're watching a wrestling match and it doesn't help either when the T-Rex is seemingly beaten but then he from behind gets up just like Randy Marsh did against Bat Dad because you can literally hear the T-Rex say, hey, Giganosaurus, I didn't hear no bell and then they perform a double team very much akin to that of the first Jurassic World movie and everything is here except for Jim Ross yelling, oh my God, and a chair shot. Jurassic World just sucks, guys. It's a one out of seven for me. It is by God awful. It is boring, it is soulless, it is no point to its existence. It is a very, very shallow attempt at making another Jurassic World movie when there could have been maybe something to it and Colin and everyone here is just getting a paycheck. Any kind of actual heart, soul, care is gone. It's everyone just making for a paycheck. Like Chris Pratt isn't even a character in this. He's just, he's not even like, he's a tone down version of himself in this movie, I swear, like no one actually has a character element.  But anyways, guys, that's all for me. Hope you enjoyed this review. If you didn't leave a like and if you're interested in more subscribe. Admittedly guys, this might be the last review you see for me for a while. I will try and put out something before I go, but in six days I go, five days, I go to England for the first time ever and I'm going to be gone for two weeks. So just list a shirt though. The reviews for season seven will start up sooner or later for those of you who know what I'm talking about. You know, anyways guys, that's all for me. I didn't see this in theaters and I am very happy I didn't.  I wasted time and that's just as precious in my opinion. Anyways guys, that's all for me. See you guys next time.


Another viewer asks, what does in-state and out-of-state tuition mean? Okay, these are great questions. I'm very appreciative of them. So, in-state and out-of-state, first of all, that is how a university that is publicly, a public or state university, describes its tuition. Funding for public universities comes from allocations from that state's budget. They go back to the decentralized system of U.S. higher education. There are 50 states in the United States. Every state has a certain number of publicly funded, publicly supported state universities and or community colleges, two and four-year schools and, of course, graduate programs as well. They get their money to fund that university from the taxpayer, the U.S. citizen who is a resident of the state, who is paying taxes to that state, who is proving that they are a resident. They have a bank account, some of the things.  When a U.S. citizen is a resident of the state, they can benefit from the in-state tuition because they have made a contribution to that state. They get the benefits of the lower tuition when you prove you are a resident. When an American citizen comes from another state, from Florida to study in Texas, they are not a resident of Texas. They would pay out of state tuition. When the student is an international student, they too are not a resident of the state. They are not a resident of the United States. Therefore, they would pay out of state tuition. So when you, the student, are looking at a university that says, in state tuition, is this out of state, is that? Assume that you are going to pay the out of state. But the good news about out of state is that it still could be less overall tuition than a private university's overall tuition rate. That's just something. Now, many times universities that offer fellowships or scholarships to graduate students will say, we're going to let you pay in-state tuition as opposed to out of state tuition. And that can make a significant difference of at least 50% reduction and in many states even more of a reduction. But assume that you are probably going to be out of state before you're going to be in-state tuition worthy because you don't meet the criteria of being a resident of that state because you're not paying taxes because you're not a U.S. citizen. But overall, it's still less expensive than private. Thank you.


Hello everyone, this is Chris Veier, software architect at Mycroft AI. I'm here to show you what to expect when unboxing and setting up your Mark II device, Mycroft's second-generation voice assistant. Open box. First thing you'll see is the screen protector smiling at you and welcoming you. Underneath the screen protector, there is a product information card and a warranty card. Next, we remove the device itself. A few hardware features to point out. The screen is touch-capable and we'll show that in a separate video. We have a volume up and volume down buttons on the top, a mute switch off and on. The camera has a cover on it. It is slideable. The circular button on the top there is an activation button that also hides the LEDs as you'll see in a minute. On the back of the device we exposed as many ports as we can. We have a power port there, a serial port. You can have the ability to connect your device via ethernet and four USB ports. You'll notice one of the ports contains a small USB drive. This is loaded with a software that runs on the device. A brand new unit will have protectors, plastic transparent protectors over the screen. I've had my device for a while now and those have already been removed. Put that to the side for now. Inside the box, you'll also find the power supply, which also comes complete with an array of international plug adapters. That is everything that is in the box. Okay, now that we have finished the unboxing, it's time to plug the device in and get it set up. Take the power adapter, plug it into the back of the unit, into a power outlet. The initial boot of the device takes a couple of minutes. You'll see a series of Mycroft logos with some blank screens in between. The last logo you will see is an animated logo. After that, we'll go into the setup process. If your device is already set up, after the Mycroft logo, you'll see the home screen. While we wait, it's worth noting that one thing you'll need to complete the setup of a new device is a Mycroft account. If you don't already have one, waiting for your device to boot might be a good time to sign up. I know there's some folks out there that wants a device that works without needing to pair it to our servers. We are currently working on this functionality and hope to have it out maybe by the end of the year. We'll see. And you see the LEDs have lit up now on the top. LEDs are an indicator of what the device is doing. Right now, they're just Mycroft blue. Set this to the side. Bring my iPad in here. We'll go to Mycroft.ai.pair. This will bring you to our login screen. If you do not have an account, you can create one with a link on the top there. You can also log in with your social networks or by email and password. I use my Google account from Mycroft. The device is ready to set up. First thing we're going to do is connect the device to your Wi-Fi network. This will allow your device to be paired on our servers and access some capabilities that require the internet. The device will walk you through the setup process, but I will also demonstrate it here. I'm Mycroft, your new voice assistant. To get started, I need to be connected to the internet. I've created a temporary Wi-Fi network called Mycroft. Connect to it from your phone or computer, then I'll walk you through the rest. Okay, so I'll use my tablet here to connect. Go into your Wi-Fi settings. You'll notice there's a Mycroft network. We'll connect to that. Follow the prompt on your mobile device or computer and choose a Wi-Fi network. So what you need to do is select the network you want to connect to, and then of course enter the password. Okay, let's see if we've gone back to the status screen here. Your device is using the credentials I just entered to try to access the internet. I'm connected to the internet and need to be activated. Open your browser and visit Mycroft.ai slash pair to register this device. Okay, we've already gone there in this demo. So here we are on the device configuration page. You will see some preferences pages before this. If this is your first device to be set up, otherwise you'll be taken directly here. Register this device with the code. The number nine, ours in Romeo. The number seven, W as in whiskey. H as in hotel. W as in whiskey. So the device will repeat to the pairing code once a minute until you have paired it. So we'll take that code over here to our pairing screen. Enter the code. You also need to provide a name for your device. It can be something as simple as Mycroft or mark two. Placement is optional. This one's going to go in my kitchen. Now once you are done. Enter the code. The number nine, ours in Romeo. The number seven, W as in whiskey. H as in hotel. W as in whiskey. Okay, so now the next button here at the bottom will be available to press and you'll get a screen saying your device is ready and some example utterances. Before too long the screen will show these utterances as well. If there's also an activate button down here, if you don't want to wait until the next loop, press the activate button. So now it's finishing the pairing process, which is communications. Now I am ready for use. Try asking me things like Hey Mycroft, what's the weather? Hey Mycroft, tell me about Abraham Lincoln or Hey Mycroft, play the news. Okay, after a second of this, go to the home screen and there we are. And your device is set up and ready for use. Thank you for watching this mark two setup video. I hope it's been helpful to install you. Another video will follow that demonstrates the capabilities of the software. Thank you for using Mycroft.