All right first question Ben is when did you first meet Jerry Garcia? Oh, that's a good question. All right, I don't really know the first actual meeting with Jerry was I think for the 1976 10th anniversary of what we thought was the summer of love which was in our view 1966 not 67 before the media took it over And so I spoke with him on that occasion for a radio special and for Story about the music scene in San Francisco for Rolling Stone, but I Saw him of course attending concerts at the Avalon and in the park and at the at the Fillmore And I think we might have met him at Rolling Stone around 1970 when the band were so proud of their new sound With working man's dead where they began to do more acoustic and harmony-laden Songs at that Robert Hunter wrote and so they actually bought in tape to our offices and had a Very early listening party though Those are sort of unheard of but a lot of stuff that dead did was unheard of and so We probably saw at least a road manager rock scully probably carted in the tapes But I have a feeling Jerry and maybe Bobby popped in there too and hung out with Rolling Stone because we had a good relationship with them overall Yes, go ahead. What were your impressions of him? I don't do impressions of Jerry I Can do a bill Graham maybe Mr. Phone Taurus get out do not ever try to get into my establishment again, Mr. That's it Anyway, my impressions of him He was a Called captain trips He was considered the leader of the band and he was he was considered a spokesman whether he wanted to be or not for the community And he struck me just as a bright articulate guy Very genial very open with media and with people in general in other words a very attractive person So Well, do you have any evidence of that? Well, God, you're annoying But I did a piece on the grateful dead on their 15th anniversary This would be 1980 from the time of the warlocks into the grateful dead and I went to Boulder to see the dead play and spoke with the the various band members about the 15th and Spoke with Jerry one-on-one at that time and I made a CD of Stippets of Jerry talking and I'm hoping that this will work and that the volume will be okay. Let's try here Asking him. Well, you'll hear the question And and maybe there's like an 18 or 19-year-old kid but they tend to to talk with you one-on-one It's nothing about Uncle Jerry. Oh, no, no, they talk to me one-on-one Which is which is interesting because they are they're really the same kind of people that we were when we were in their age Yeah, I mean and That just means that they're the same kind of people You know, I don't know what it is the thing that they were like about grateful dead music Yes, I need to do with what we like about it. I mean, there's there's it's not a case of mistaken identity or anything All right, and I told him about a particular Fan that I had run across in San Francisco at a certain famous address and this is from What was this? Oh, this is from the 15 years dead article from Rolling Stone and This is just a couple of paragraphs. I think good vibes Jerry Garcia chortled gleefully too much how perfect I just told him about a visit I had recently made to 710 Ashbury and about CJ Felice the 15-year-old boy who lives there with his parents and Sister in his room on one wall are posters of Cheryl Tiggs Farrah Fawcett and a topless woman skier Where am I got lost there? Topless skier on another wall The big one fronting the bed are the grateful dead in posters photos and album cover handbills The kids are dead head and Garcia was delighted to hear it. That makes me feel real good. He said chuckling again The 80s have come to the hate Ashbury the street is dotted with chic boutiques and Restaurants are deco stores and a gay-owned disco But the 60s haven't left yet hippies turned winos litter storefronts the hate Ashbury free medical clinic is still around and needed And at a street fair just a month or so ago you could pick up every artifact you missed out on in its heyday The Felices take their house's place in rock history in stride having bought the first dead album themselves When they lived in Manhattan on the Upper East Side, they are at ease with the occasional visitors They just sit out front and look said Michael a wine importer. They are in awe. It's like a saint had lived here a number of saints really What's your next question? Oh, yeah, what other interactions have you had with Jerry or the dead? All right Early on when I joined Rolling Stone back in 1969 as an editor and writer I would cover their drug busts, so I'd be calling whoever their management was at the time for information and comments Same thing with the problem was with Lenny Hart Mickey's father over finances or With a story about a record label that was putting out demos of early dead music without their okay So basically the great foot dead Was one of my beats other people like Jan Wenner the editor and publisher and founder of Rolling Stone and Charles Perry also known as smoke stack El Ropo would do features like the Rolling Stone interviews with Garcia or a takeout on bears sound system The dead's version of the wall of sound as a freelancer after leaving Rolling Stone I was asked by a magazine to do a piece on dead heads It was good to be able to paint a portrait of followers of the band beyond the stereotypical Images so here is a bit of I was gonna say a taste, but here's a The lead from that story From a magazine called America it was for young travelers basically a travel magazine for young people All right They look like a pair of marine recruits or maybe a couple of frat brothers who got lost on their way down to Fort Lauderdale Here they are blonde short haired bare-chested dressed in walking shorts and Reeboks smack dab in the middle of a grateful dead country It is four hours before a dead concert in Mountain View, California And already the parking lot at Shoreline Amphitheater is jammed with well-traveled vehicles Vans trailers flatbed trucks and converted school buses painted in rainbow hues The biggest fans the dead heads as they good-naturedly call themselves are Indulging in the ritual be in that precedes every dead show hours before the opening song Concertgoers are perched in around and atop their vehicles chatting writing and journals listening to Tapes of the dead clothing styles range from the 60s to the 60s tie-died shirts and dresses headbands and scarves jeans and sandals galore Amid the din of tape players and the drone of a half dozen vongo drummers jamming nearby Ross McRonald Junior and Dean Noe look more like narks than rockers But no says McRonald 32 a 22 year old business major at Philadelphia Community College in Pennsylvania He and his buddy. No, we are out here to dig the dead. It is McRonald's 31st grateful dead concert He spent weeks at a time following the band from state to state tracking them as far as from Virginia to Connecticut a Few cars away Dylan John Phillips has apparently opted for the latter choice freshman of Arizona State Phillips looks sounds and is even named like the son of the Woodstock generation His mom. He says was a Bob Dylan fan. He's timed about right to he's 18 and Woodstock was what 19 years ago He appears unimposing and bookish, but in his case, it's the book of the dead And the conclusion is after the shoreline shows John Phillips and his friends returned to Arizona State at least in body And you come back from the shows you don't really come back He says the change from the late back care for one another ambiance of the dead to the every student for himself world of the classroom is a jolt in School people are totally beach surfer people and they look at you with their muscle-bound bodies and think you're burned You don't know the sixties are over. Why don't you get into the new sounds? And I'm like why don't you dig that you can listen to your new sounds and I can listen to my old ones The grateful death theory is whatever you are. That's great All right the wisdom of young people Also after Rolling Stone, there was a proposed book project with Peter Simon the gift of photographer That never came to pass although he went ahead with a dead book, but that got us on the road and catching some more Dead shows and dead heads for for future use. Hey, let's hear from Jerry Again a couple of short bits there here. He is about big brother and the holding company You could say like a band like big brother was a good example. They were bad, but they were also great The thing that was great about them had to do with the energy that they had and other stuff that That is one of the one of the nice things about it was that it was a break away from what's good You know, I mean the idea that what's good is what's steady is No more no better up an idea than what's good is what's crazy You know, it's any idea having to do with what's good or what isn't in music is totally a subjective thing I think the the San Francisco bands the San Francisco energy show that music doesn't it isn't the question It isn't a question about music. It's a question about energy And here he is about Robert Hunter first lyric the first thing that we did together. I think it was Dark Star Really, which was original concept of it was each letter And all these crazed, you know, meth free kinds of elaborations Now he was into it, you know in other words, you know into That's what his early his writing is that type of with these amazing Complex glyphs. I always liked his Yeah, they were they were real hard to make songs in fact the first two records that we Wrote together were totally unwieldy. I mean the songs are just Only a couple of them are you are we lovely singable Now is before we start to learn about my cities of songwriting that you should leave room for people to breathe All right learning about songwriting, okay When Jerry died 1995 I got two calls phone calls with Assignments from an editor at people magazine and from my friends at Rolling Stone people I Think they had had me do a tribute issue They would do these now they're almost every month, but they would do these standalone tribute magazines And they were always I think I think maybe maybe Lady Diana was their first I'm not sure but and then they were preparing for Sinatra because he was getting into his 80s and So this this editor called and asked if I knew anybody who could write Sinatra's life story I said I could I know his music and I liked his music and no no standards So I did that issue. So when Jerry died he cut their call again and said, oh, we need you fast We need a the life story of Jerry Garcia and the Grateful Dead and you have basically four or five days to crank it out So at the same time on the other line is Rolling Stone saying could you do a basically? Kind of a postcard from San Francisco the mood of the city, you know The city of the dead and how are things there? Where are people gathering? What are they saying? What's going on basically? So that's what I did and I'm gonna read you now the Lead from Rolling Stone and the conclusion from people. Okay See Rolling Stone called it land of the dead. All right When in the mid 60s, San Francisco came to represent nothing left to lose There was a handful of Identifiable pioneers who changed the face the sound and the style of pop culture The changers included the concert promoters Bill Graham and Chet Helms poster and light show artists hosts and alchemists like Ken Keezy and Augustus Owsley Stanley Radio pioneer Tom Donahue jazz critic Ralph J. Gleason and yes, Rolling Stone At the epicenter, of course were the musicians early on the Grateful Dead along with a few others played free concerts as often as paying gigs Extending their songs into jazz like in proposatory jams. They broke down the lines between artist and audience Back then we Rolling Stone and the Grateful Dead were brothers in arms. The dead did it on stage We watched and listened reported ranted and raved for our very first issue published in November 1967 We lucked Journalistically speaking into a story for the ages the Grateful Dead getting busted at their hate Ashbury digs The band and the magazine always had a special relationship Despite the occasional negative album review or report on an unpleasant incident or Rolling Stones moved to New York City in 1977 our common roots transcended trivia our love of great music kept us bonded. That's the beginning Just a show that I wasn't bullshitting here is the People sorry kids people magazine and the conclusion the sea is kind of There it is It is Saturday Three days since his death that evening I go to Sweetwater a rootsy nightclub in Mill Valley in Marin County to hear the Annie Samson band Annie is a longtime friend and the next morning she calls to say that Bob Weir Garcia's bandmate and friend had come to visit backstage during the second set on The day Jerry died Weir seemed composed before the television cameras saying how much the world would miss his friend That Sunday at the memorial in Golden Gate Park his voice indeed his whole body With quiver as he called on the crowd to take some of the joy Jerry Garcia had provided and to reflect it back to him 50,000 arms waved at the sky But on Saturday night Weir slipped into the sweet water and stayed in the basement away from a house packed with people Who would want to embrace him? He was content to hear through the walls the sound of Annie singing an R&B version of an old song by a mutual friend Bob Dylan Leave your stepping stones behind Something calls for you forget the dead you've left. They will not follow you strike another match Go start anew. It's all over now, baby blue. It was the solace of rhythm and blues People magazine how about that? so Yes, so go ahead. So how did you come to write the grateful dead scrapbook? Oh, I wasn't ready for that question, but all right up. It was pretty much the same way that I Have done my 10 or 11 books someone else has the idea and then My agent hears about it and then calls me just get back to work I have an idea for you and that's how I did my first book Hickory win the life and times of Graham Parsons Same thing with my last book willing all about little feet and that big book on the doors too called the doors by the doors I think it was around 2008 that the dead donated a lot of their memorabilia the artifact their archives to University of California in Santa Cruz to create a dead central archive and around then they decided that it might be cool To do a book including copies of some of those materials in a format They haven't created a couple of years before called the scrapbook and the idea there was a usually a large format book in which every couple of pages would fold out to Reproduce a poster or a handbill there might be an envelope pasted on to it from which you could then extract a 45 rpm single or photographs or Fan letters whatever and so the great will dead did one and I'll show it to you here. Once again. No BS This is it. It came out and the dead themselves put out a Deluxe edition. This is the I need a cheapo 40 bucks for this one about the same anyway And the dead one let's see now Marijuana One of the best things about this one was that Inside the cover is a CD of basically Jerry Garcia and the grateful dead at various interviews and press conferences and So that's what I've been playing. I provided the publisher with the tracks you have heard so far And so I thought maybe I could play a bit more. It's kind of fun hearing Jerry's voice, isn't it? Let's see here the CD has 31 different cuts, but they range from 30 seconds to maybe three or four minutes. So Not too daunting and So let's see now Here is a track that has Jerry's perspective on the dead and the concept of Something foreign to them hit records. All right Well, suddenly today it seems FM and AM radio are both playing Alabama getaway. Yeah, that's incredible. I can't believe it You've always had this kind of attitude of all the records aren't the most important thing we do Well, nobody's you they saw me that you know our records our fans by And maybe you never can't tell yeah, you've never been the first of the idea of having it Yeah, sure every time you go in and make a record for a very first record we were sure our right first record was going to be You know when you're more sure oh, I'm not sure of anything. No, not about records I'm not convinced of anything. I mean they all start out looking at stuff They're going to be his they enjoy about a two-week life half-life three-week half-life I'll be amazing Do you ascribe more or did you pay more attention out of the recording process or records you always paid attention to it when you're doing it I go in and out of it. I go in and out of my interest In recording you know as a thing to do like sometimes I'm really hungry to record An experiment fool around the studio And then there's other times when I've fooled around experiments so much I'm just so bored the idea of recording things like it must be mode cold sort of thing to do I'm absolutely no interested You know it goes back and forth and I go to sleep between those two poles That's true, but after 15 years is not a new toy in a year, you know, I mean I've played in the studio on awful I've got my own studio fundamentally that and You know now I'm more interested in playing for people. I think by and large that's still the most interesting thing I do I do like to record Live music and I like food with live tapes, you know, that's your great pleasures And here's one of my favorite bits Where's this from this is from When I did that 10th anniversary article about the music scene in San Francisco An interview Jerry along with the char smokestack and Bob Simmons from K-San I Produced a nationally syndicated radio show out of my interviews with various artists and I think it was about a two-hour show anyway Jerry is in it and so is John Cipollina We beloved guitar player from Quicksilver messenger service or I loved a lot and So this is John first and then Jerry explaining their transitions from Erty rock and folk music to Electric guitar we start with John Cipollina I gave up Okay, well since he's Begun to talk about LSD. Let's go ahead and listen to one more track of him talking about the changes Spring out in terms of public audacity at least that's the way I equate it Because before that I might I would never done that probably I would never gone out raving on the streets or anything like that Maybe There was okay Any more questions? Yeah. What do you think with a dead ever die?  They the music and the spirit will live on Whether it's the guys playing it together or apart and no matter who else is playing it The Grateful Dead scrapbook was done in 2008 and the epilogue at that time addressed the issue. Let's see. Yeah epilogue Okay, it begins. I hope at the right Paragraphs here, but a few months after Jerry Garcia's death the dead called a meeting to determine the band's future if any Bill Kreuzman told his bandmates that he wasn't interested in doing any more touring for him The Grateful Dead were over with and so by majority vote it ended The long strange trip of a uniquely wonderful beast known as the Grateful Dead is over the band said in a statement They quote it from the wheel the wheel is turning and you can't slow down You can't let go and you can't hold on Except for a lash and Kreuzman who stopped playing for a while the surviving dead didn't stand still But they discovered that they couldn't avoid going back. They could not escape their histories Not that they wanted to. In 1998 Lesh joined Weir, Hart, Hornsby, Ruth Hornsby and other musicians in an ensemble called The Other Ones after the song That's It for the Other One from Anthem of the Sun Kreuzman joined that band in 2000 while Lesh played with Phil Lesh and friends. Finally in 2003 The wheel came full circle as the other ones announced a change of name They were inspired to do they were inspired to do so they said in a statement by the response They had received at a concert the previous summer in Wisconsin when they felt quote a connection That none of us had felt since we played with Jerry to us This was the Grateful Dead without Jerry We stopped being the other ones and we're on our way to becoming something new but at the same time very familiar Therefore with the greatest possible respect to our collective history We have decided to keep the name Grateful Dead retired in honor of Jerry's memory and call ourselves the dead But they acknowledge the Grateful Dead name would live on it continues to be a community an approach to life an electrical current a dream the list goes on so That was the status Nine years ago, and of course we know what happened that led to the fair of the well tour and to various iterations of the Grateful Dead spirit At places like Phil's Terrapin crossroads and at Bob Weir's TRI studios and at clubs like the Sweetwater and the Throck and all across the country it lives on Grateful Dead radio shows on the air and online and Through satellite I program a station called moon Alice radio for the Jam Band moon Alice and the dead and family are major parts of That musical menu in fact moon Alice just played at the Jerry Garcia with the Grateful Dead tribute night at AT&T Park that you Do you know that you come sure you know the Giants have a Grateful Dead or Jerry Garcia night every year and so for the past two or three now moon Alice has had the honor of doing the Mini set before the game atop a dugout MC by big Steve Parrish, of course Jerry Garcia's former Manager of the Garcia band and a former roadie For the Grateful Dead he now is the road manager and rose scholar for moon Alice so it all just goes around in circles and this is kind of weird but in recent years, I've joined the ranks of Breton Roses as a performer of sorts singing with a guitarist and a keyboard player usually at senior centers but also at events like the broadcast legends holiday luncheons and along with standards and Elvis songs we do ripple and it goes over just as nicely as fly me to the moon. So You want to hear some my memories are made of this. No man ripple. All right And finally I'm working on a project. That's being kept a secret at least for the media those enemies of the people That I can say has some strong connections to what we've been talking about the dead the spirit the music the messages and How all of it helped change the world and how we desperately hope that We can charge it up again, but I can't say any more about that. So That bring what happened my guy. He just Disappeared so if you would like to if you have any questions about this or any other thing So I was sitting there talking with some people they were asking quizzing me about my career at K-San and Rolling Stone and East West and Everything but good Grateful Dead, so That's okay with me and also Ramses and I cooked up a little Contest Ramses, where are you? Oh When he was in high school About when was this though 65 December 8th 73 at Duke. Oh 73 I was in snow, but apparently if you interviewed him in 76 I was I was trying to be Cameron pro, but I was on the East Coast and I couldn't pull it off Haha, I can't believe I interviewed it before you did and I just found the cassette and Oh, yeah, those are treasures. It's really nice to have I just love his not only his voice But this is his whole laid-back attitude and just being so wide open to the world The first question was Can you tell me something I might not have heard about the Grateful Dead or is there something new you're working on or could you give me a He said and this is almost verbatim quote Well, I don't know what haven't you heard? They were just having fun with me It got to the point where he literally said I don't know any facts, but that guy over there how's Lee He has an infinite capacity for that So it wasn't Well, great well congratulations on your your scoop any other thoughts or questions, don't be shy Yeah, I'm not giving a history of the grateful for that you need to talk to that guy, but Yeah, no, obviously we're part of the whole Key-Z acid test run or early on down in the Palo Alto area, but I Didn't I covered it in the book the Grateful Dead scrapbook that I showed you but yeah I just didn't choose to talk further about it. You were a victim. Oh Oh at winter land a few years later or Yeah, right about six years later Well, sorry to hear that have you recovered? Yeah, yeah now I wouldn't have been talking to Jerry at that time and I've never seen anything publicly about any other members of The band maybe I'm just missing out, but I don't know that they've talked that much about fish Vice versa probably is the case. Yes anybody else Well, that's a little complicated, you know, there are people who are addicted there are people who from various pardon me who have ailments and then resort to meds There are people who get Insnared in a lifestyle There are people who are just addictive and so it could be any number of things you if you talk to five or six of his various Fellow band members. He would you'd probably get five or six different theories And they were the ones who were living with him and traveling with him and playing with him So that's a very complicated question. I'm glad my guy didn't ask that Anybody else Yes Is it growing every year what's growing? Oh I'm afraid it isn't I think it's a very strong move not a movement anymore I think there's a strong community worldwide really a people appreciate that kind of openness freedom An eclectic eclecticism of the music that is played in the jam scene and we've heard a one or two names so far there are dozens of them and That's gonna go on But the idea of it is really kind of anti-commercial, you know, it's not there to be a movement and to spread It really is still what Jerry I think one time said about the hate Ashbury community The thing was that it would have been really nice if they could have somehow enjoyed it that what happened But to have kept it a secret and not let the media for example come in and destroy it the way they often do so But I think there will always be a good number of people younger and older who appreciate that kind of a spirit of music and of life together and of traveling to see favorite bands and interacting with the artists in a way you can't with say Who Who just won that that lawsuit a Taylor Swift? Yeah, that's right people like that I mean she may be a very sweet young woman But the fact is there are barriers now more than ever in the pop music structure and other places That do not exist in the jam band world. So hopefully they'll keep on going. Yes Just just once and didn't do much obviously Yeah, my favorite interviews have been with Ray Charles and Marvin Gaye and that's because In in Mr. Charles's case it was because Back in the day we could actually come up with story ideas because we liked the idea not because they were on the charts Or selling a lot of records or concert tickets and so I just raised my hand one time I knew that Ray was in town for a jazz festival. So I said Ray Charles What's it? What's going on? Nothing, but it's not for him. We probably wouldn't be here So let's do it because he deserves a Story so okay find out what you can find out and it turned out to be one of the best pieces I was a part of and won a national magazine award because he was so angry and proud and candid and It was alright being asked by Aretha Franklin to join him on the stage at Winterland or a film or West or whatever That's cool. He hasn't but he's seeing guys like Joe Cocker Speed by him selling records using His sound so he had a reason to be annoyed and then Marvin Gaye I loved because He had just made the up to that point the greatest album of his career.  What's next? Bangs and pots in the kitchen and see what happens and he just did not know it took him I think several years to come up with a follow-up So those are two of my favorites and so they tend not to be rock stars and bands although I certainly enjoyed Messing around with Bob Dylan on the road and Crosby still is nationally young and writing with Linda Ronstadt and Bonnie Ray and going to Las Vegas to hang out with Gladys Knight and the Pips and And then when you're in Las Vegas back then in the 70s You could go down a corridor of a big hotel and just whoa look who's playing the lounge And so and in one morning about one o'clock. It was Wilson picket So I just wanted to check him out left him a note saying I'm from high Ben Fontours from Rolling Stone and He called me the next morning And I went went over to your suite did a little piece on him and pow the wicked mr. Pickett was in Rolling Stone just because I was there to Hang out with Olivia Newton John or something, you know, that's how it worked back then And so those were the for me the best days and the best stories accidental or preplanned I think the yeah Reminiscent No Not to me and we probably didn't think to ask about that I think our focus was probably pretty much on the current music and of course Inspirations for the music so you might go back to his first lessons for example or any genealogy in the family that would lead him to Be involved in music and that's about probably as deep as would go We wouldn't probably ask about the neighborhood for example or even sometimes the city so that's where that was What I wanted to ask what I wanted to ask you then was a rolling stone and this gets way from the bus again I'm sorry for that when rolling stone moved away from San Francisco in 77 and you stayed I guess you had deeper roots here Tell us just something about your decision to stay Graham was closing the Yeah To the smaller clubs, which I like Being able to go to small places Well my decision to not the question is about rolling stone moving to New York City in 1977 and I stayed behind and That was because of a family reason I had lost a brother to a homicide a few years before and so in the Chinese culture I was now suddenly the number one son as may sound kind of weird But it's very serious and so I had to take it seriously and Diane my wife And I had bought a house and so we were facing a situation of upsetting my parents and also then letting go of a house We had just purchased or having a sub let it or whatever just complicated So we actually did go to New York and looked at a couple of places in Brooklyn and thought about it heavily So I had nothing to do with yarn offhandedly telling her cane or remarking to somebody that San Francisco was a backwater in terms of the rock scene but So my my thing was that I thought that I could maintain an editor ship Running the West Coast and Jan was fine with that So I set up an LA bureau and ran stuff out of San Francisco Travel to New York once a month or so for meetings and that didn't stay with me too long because I felt like We had become an outpost where I'd been central to Decisions before now I was just kind of catching up on the phone or on the occasional trip and so That's when I thought I would leave and see about Trying out some other magazines or other work and that's that's what happened then now. There's a gentleman right there. Yes Well, that's a book and in fact it's a documentary in fact there are two documentaries being produced right now about the freeform FM rock radio scene and how it started and Well, then there's one on case and and That will tell the whole story Tom Donahue in brief Tom big daddy Tom Donahue was a prototypical Top 40 disc jockey who happened to weigh 300 pounds 300 pounds of solid sounds on boss radio KYA and He had this incredible presence. He was an entrepreneur or a hustler however you want to do it he He Had tip sheets. He had a nightclub. He had a record label. He had management He's the guy who discovered the very young Sly stones still known as Sylvester Stewart And could hear that this guy had skills and an ear set of ears and made him the staff producer at Autumn Records And so a sly who was pushing the warlocks and the great society around the studio when they were trying to make their demos So Donahue Got tired of the top 40 scene. He said I attended one too many teen fairs Where I'm in a booth and people are teenagers are gawking at me and hoping to win 45 rpm singles enough of that so he just gave it up and Started to smoke and started to do some other stuff and it was simply that he and Rachel his girlfriend at the time Would host friends they would combine smoke and and play music That was the big thing in the living room or whatever room and they would each bring favorite new sides and Play them and laugh about them and talk about them and somebody said, you know, this is what the radio should be just real music real conversation don't worry about the hits and The rules and so Tom said, yeah, that's a good idea, man. So he found an FM station that was Teetering on going out of business. It's a barter station where you had to pay to be on One of the guys who was doing it on the all night thing was Larry Miller out of Detroit So he was already bringing in his Judy Collins and James Cotton and whatever other Records and playing them and talking about them. So Tom Just simply joined that and then turn it into a full-time thing on KMPX And then sure enough management had to screw things up. And so the guys and the gals Left went on strike and that was my first big story for Rolling Stone was helping to cover the KMPX strike And then they made a deal with Metro media who had a classical station called KSFR And that became case and with about maybe a half of the DJ staff Joining in not everybody could be accommodated but Tom and Bob McClay and Dusty Street and a few others made up the core group of the initial KSAN team and it just Exploded with a bigger signal and with corporate backing which became later a problem and on Hawaii, but They had an incredible number of years there atop the ratings here in San Francisco And so watch for the documentary about that. Was there somebody else who was right in their hands around the same time? Yes, sir I was wondering you went to San Francisco State Ability. Yes, and did you Be on a David Carradine kick lately pardon the pun Did you ever meet David Carradine at school there or talk to him about his music David Carradine? Yeah, no because he went to school there about the time you did I think and he was really in the music Well, I've just been learning and hearing some of his music. No, I don't know him But you know as a state one of the best best things about state was that Well, first of all we had free speech while Cal was fighting for it But beyond that when and there were these music fans who staged folk festivals and Blues festivals and in my years there in 1963-64-65 or so they invariably became hyphenated and that is Blues took in gospel and the sound of say Paul Butterfield blues band the Chambers brothers And so you began to hear a rock coming in through both folk and blues and so it was just the beginning of a Generation of mostly kids Learning to be more eclectic in their musical tastes and not just what they're hearing on their a.m. Radio from Big Daddy Tom Donahue or whoever so that was the value of One of the values of SS state for a Chinese American kid like me who had dreamt in the 50s about doing I Wasn't dreaming about doing Rolling Stone But about working for a newspaper or maybe get on the radio and there was no chance at all But at a place like San Francisco State in a city like San Francisco and in an area like the greater Bay Area One could dream as long as they also worked. Yeah, and so that's what that took I Do the Chinese New Year parade every year with the lovely Julie Hainer. Yeah, and we just won our fourth Emmy So we're happy about that. Although four is a bad number in Chinese Better hurry and win that fifth one. Yes Okay, Sam. Yes. Yes, okay, well with these documentaries you never know They're hoping that the PBS will play it and he sometimes they they aim for the big cable networks They hope to land a run at a chain of theaters What will probably happen is that they'll enter it in some festivals and for example the Mill Valley Film Festival They're the San Francisco International Film Festival and if it catches on then Distributors producers Studios whatever whoever have the big bucks can then take it over and and spread it around and or get it onto a Major television network. I haven't seen much of it yet And so I don't know how it's gonna be but boy, oh boy back 50 years ago We did not have a lot of cameras video cameras capturing every Thing that everybody does or says the way we do now with our phones even yeah The case and one is No case and is still I think about two-thirds of the way the one about me should be out within two months and The one from the guys up in the Sacramento area. I haven't heard from them in Ohio. And so I don't know I'm such a self-promoter. I don't bring I don't bring books. I just give away stuff Yeah, I think Rollingstone.com has them all they're also DVDs of every issue of Rollingstone every page and You can find my stuff there and just go online and you'll you'll find me You did oh, I'm sorry to hear that, okay Yeah, it was started by Barney Hoskins In London and he has accumulated a database of thousands of articles from various rock writers and other writers who happen to address a Subject of interest to in pop culture. So there was one more over here. Yes What's on the horizon for radio it's already here that is that people are sort of like the way they're beginning to desert print media and television For radio people are finding other platforms the the way Commercial media works is that they want young Customers they don't want people who are baby boomers who are no longer babies or booming and so and So you see the lots of jazz classic country oldies smooth jazz all these as as a population ages and you don't have a young Generation appreciating that kind of music then they're gonna go hip-hop and go top 40 gonna go dance They're gonna what you know, whatever and so for radio for our generation and younger and older They have to find their radio elsewhere and so they have to go online They have to maybe subscribe to Sirius XM, which I love they create their own stations on Amazon or Pandora or Spotify or Whatever I think they're you know more and more as a streaming companies jumping in and That's pretty much the way you have to do it There isn't that much in terms of local community based radio unless you go to the low lower powered FM stations up in West Marin or capu in San Francisco or the Pacifica Foundation station or of course NPR And so you can find quality programming and you can go online to find out and of course There's also the alternate podcasts, which you can control so that you have a favorite feature Performer you can just type in her name and then pow there are all the podcasts That she does and you can just click them on when you want to hear like appointment Listening so any that bad is just much more of a search. Yes Yeah, yeah, I know David I supported his shows on various media, but I don't know that I've ever been on his thing I think I may have done in one time. I remember going over to KPFA a Few times and one of them may have been for him may have been for one of his fundraising marathons, I think we're just about out of time, but yes Oh, yeah that again About five years ago this woman Suzanne Joe Kai who was a pioneer female reporter and television anchor here in the Bay Area Suzanne Joe Who has been had done a Documentary about I think Star Trek fans and it was successful And so she said now I want to make a documentary and I want to make it about you And that was partly because we knew each other and I had been writing a column for free for her Asian Connections portal or site for a number of years and she just had Sort of heard my story through the columns and so she said I think you'd be an incredible subject for a documentary And I argued fiercely and because I didn't really want to do this because you're spilling a lot of stuff Or you're having a lot of intrusion in your life. You're being followed by a camera She's contacting all your friends and family to get the dope on you There's a lot of dope on me so So I've been some kind of a reluctant Peavish person about this yet. She has gone ahead and done it And so now she's editing and adding a few more things. She's going after Annie Leibovitz She just got Cameron Crow. She got young winner at Rolling Stone. She got Quincy Jones. She got Carlos Santana She got I don't know Paul Cantner Bob Weir Ray Manzeric None of whom know me, but she got her So so it's mostly I can't help you lady Don't know I saw that name around somewhere I'm still pissed at him for that review But no, they've all been very generous with her And she does have friends and family in there and it's sort of a twin story about the 60s and Rolling Stone But also about an Asian American kid Escaping the mainstream dreams of his parents and they're still pissed off So I guess on that note as said that should be out. I don't know You'll probably be right after the K-San documentary. It'll be the opening act for K-San probably Sometime in November and I'm sure I'll write about it when the time comes and let people know I'll be on a Facebook about it Also, yes Joining Ben Didn't he do that some years ago? He was playing with them sort of the way Bruce Hornsby did and Jackie Green does and Great, I have no problem with that unless he's a you know more of a showboat than he should be I know he has a pretty mercurial temper and temperament But if he is able to get along with the guys then that's fine He's a stunning artist when he's serious about it So that's it. Thank you so much for showing up appreciate it


Did you know that up to 40% of the population is introverted? Introversion has many features that are seen in depression. While it's true that many people are both, we'll be looking at how you can tell the difference between the two. As an introvert, you may find that you enjoy being by yourself more than being with other people. Social situations, while at times fun, drain you. And that you need time alone to recharge. Depression is a type of disorder that affects your mood and ability to function. You may notice a lasting, sad feeling. The lack of interest in doing things you used to enjoy. And difficulties carrying out tasks. One of the most common hallmarks of depression is a lack of energy and motivation. Having depression can make even small tasks feel impossible. And taking a nap feel much more desirable. This is not usually the case for introverts. Introverts may find social activities draining, however, they will likely have the energy to go out beforehand. While introversion and depression are often lumped together, they're two very different things. If you feel you're struggling with depression, please know that there are resources and there's help out there.


Hello everybody, HoodedCobraCommander788 here. This time we're going to do something a little different. Some folks have been asking me to get back to the comic book reviews that I used to do on this channel. Now, I stopped doing those comic book reviews because I just didn't have the time to do them once a week, they were very time consuming and I just couldn't keep up with them. But I thought maybe we could do one a month. I don't know how these comic book reviews will be received, I mean maybe people will really like them or maybe people would prefer to just see the toy reviews, I don't know. If it turns out that people don't like them and just want straight toy reviews, then we'll just go back to doing things the way we did before. But for now, let's give it a try and see if it flies. Let's put it in the oven and see if it bakes. Let's run it up the flagpole and see if anyone salutes.  I can't even finish that one. So, where were we? Last time I had to break into this transmission, Cobra Commander style, because there were a couple things that I forgot to include in this review when I recorded it earlier. First, a reminder that next week starts Cobra Month for the month of July 2015. All Cobra, all month, it's going to be really awesome, you don't want to miss it. Second, since I don't know how much support I'm going to get on these comic book reviews, I know not everyone really likes the comic book reviews, so I'm going to leave it up to you, the audience, to decide. You can vote on whether or not I should continue doing the comic book reviews or not. Just leave a comment on this video, let me know if you like them, if you don't like them, I will add up all the positives and negatives to determine whether or not I keep doing these comic book reviews. There are other GI Joe video reviewers that do comic book reviews, so you might not be missing anything, so I leave it up to you. Now, back to the previously recorded review. So, where were we? Last time I did one of these, it was GI Joe issue number 12, so that means we're on issue number 13 now. The title of this issue is Last Plane from Rio Lindo. We have a creative team of Larry Hama Script, Mike Vosberg is the Penciller and John D'Agostino is the Anchor. Okay, we are looking at GI Joe, a real American hero number 13 published by Marvel Comics. Just to recap what happened in issue number 12, several of the Joes, including Stalker, Snake Eyes, Breaker and Gung Ho, were on a special mission in the fictional South American country of Sierra Gordo. Quinn, the Inuit who was introduced in GI Joe number two, has returned along with Dr. Venom, a sinister mad scientist that works for Cobra. At the end of issue number 12, Snake Eyes, Quinn and Dr. Venom are presumed dead from a bomb dropped from a plane by the Baroness. On the cover of issue number 13, we have a pretty exciting action scene. We have Rock and Roll, Scarlet and Stalker in a taxi cab and they are firing on some kind of armored vehicle that's chasing behind them. And it looks like they're driving the cab into a C-130 aircraft. Very exciting scene, looks pretty cool, especially since Scarlet and Rock and Roll were not in the last issue, they were not on this mission. So it's going to be interesting to see how they fit into this story. On the splash page, we have Breaker, Stalker and Gung Ho. They're floating on driftwood after their boat was destroyed in the last issue. And in the background, we see the remains of the island on which the bunker was and it's been completely disintegrated.  Stalker, Breaker and Gung Ho hide underwater, but the Baroness picks up their heat signatures, but Cobra Commander denies her permission to circle back and kill the remaining Joes. The Joes make their way out of the river, but as they're getting to the river bank, Stalker is attacked by a crocodile. As a demonstration of Stalker's ability to remain cool, even in the most dire of circumstances, he describes the species, phylum, class and order of the crocodile as he's fighting and struggling with it in the water. Stalker emerges from the crocodile fight. He is victorious, but he's badly wounded and he passes out. When Stalker awakens, he discovers that he and Breaker are in an abandoned Cobra research station and Breaker has a campfire going. He's roasting the dead crocodile. Stalker of course freaks out because Breaker, he basically started a fire in hostile territory, which is a bad thing. Now everybody in the whole jungle will know where they are.  He uses his Marine Corps lighter to buy a disguise from them. There's a radio station in the background with the call letters of WREV. I looked it up and that is a real radio station. It's a Spanish language station out of Reedsville, North Carolina. I don't know if that's intentional, but if it wasn't, it's a weird coincidence. They are in a Spanish speaking country and they are referencing a Spanish language radio station. Back at Cobra headquarters, it's revealed that Scarface has been under post-hypnotic suggestion and his loyalty is questioned. We also get Destro in a cameo. At this point, Destro still hasn't been revealed. We've only seen him in Shadow and we've only seen him, you know, from the back. So we still haven't seen all of Destro and what he looks like. Back in Sierra Gordo, Stalker and Grund are making fortifications and booby traps, but they are observed by a mercenary group. This mercenary group thinks the Joes are with Cobra and maybe they can capture them and get some marketable information from them. One of the mercenaries says maybe they could go to a French port and hitch up again with the Legion Paris, but the mercenary leader says that the Paris won't have them after what they did last time in Algeria. This is probably a reference to the Algiers push of 1961 in which a group of French generals attempted a coup d'etat to overthrow the French president Charles de Gaulle. This implied that these mercenaries had something to do with that coup d'etat and therefore they are now persona non grata with the French foreign Legion. Inside the radio station, Gung Ho disguised with a sombrero goes in and asks to make a phone call. He and the guy in charge, and I'm not sure who exactly this is supposed to be. But anyway, Gung Ho and this guy exchange insults and the guy in charge orders a couple guards to shoot Gung Ho, but Gung Ho shoots them instead. Back at the pit, Hawke gets the call from Gung Ho and he orders Scarlet, Rock and Roll, Grunt, Doc, and Torpedo to get their gear. They're going to go rescue the other Joes. I need to point out the extremely ugly tiling on the floor of the Joes locker room in the pit. Also, there's kind of a coloring error here. Hawke is colored with a kind of bluish shirt instead of a green shirt. And I actually like that. It's not a bad way to distinguish Hawke from the other Joes who all wore almost the same uniform. A lot of them looked alike in those early G.I. Joe characters. So that difference in the color of his shirt is not a bad idea. I kind of wish they had done that with the action figure. Hawke says they're going to rescue three Joes and Scarlet says, hold on a minute, four Joes went on that mission. What about Snake Eyes? Hawke essentially tells her to shut up and get on the plane. Back in Sierra Gordo, Gung Ho is taking a taxi cab down a jungle road. And it's not clear whether or not he carjacked this guy. That certainly sort of looks like it. The guy is very nervous. He's being forced to drive in an area that's very hostile. There are mercenaries and bandits out on these roads. And Gung Ho is sitting in the back seat with his AK-47. We also know that Gung Ho didn't have any money on him. So it certainly looks like Gung Ho carjacked this taxi cab. Back in Cobra headquarters, the purpose of Scarlet Face's hypnosis is revealed. He was hypnotized to ensure that the Joes survived. Because back in the burnt out Cobra research station, some secret documents were left that would divert the Joes away from Cobra's real plan. They get word that the mercenary group is descending upon the Joes and that does not fit with Cobra's plan. They don't want the Joes killed. But Cobra commander says, hey, don't worry about it. He's already got it taken care of. In one of the burnt out buildings, Breaker finds a courier pouch that has some documents in it that are open. They are not toted. Stalker knows that the uncoated documents are fake, but he discovers a micro-dot on one of the documents that could reveal Cobra's real information. Torpedo and dock parachute down to where Stalker and Breaker are. And Scarlet, Rock and Roll, and Grunt parachute down to the airfield. They have to take the airfield because they don't have anywhere to land the plane. As Scarlet jumps from the airplane, she has a tear in her eye. Apparently, she has been told about Snake Eyes' death. Gung Ho reaches the end of the road in the taxi cab and he takes the keys away from the cab driver so the cab driver can't leave. He tells the driver to keep the meter running. I'm going to go ahead and say this is a carjacking. Even if Gung Ho intends to pay the guy later, this is still a kidnapping. The mercenary leader observes the zigzag trench that Stalker and Breaker dug and he says he saw many like them before Dien Bien Phu. This is a reference to the battle of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam from March to May in 1954. And this is another French connection. The mercenaries see the Joe reinforcements parachuting in and they decide they need to take the emplacement right away. Before they can move in, they are encountered by a second mercenary group that offers to join them and work together. Joe for some reason brings a scuba suit to a jungle fight. So he dives underwater and he sees the bunker, the one that was supposedly blown up by the Baroness' missile, and it is intact. He comments that it must be steel reinforced concrete like the German subpens at Saint Nazaire. He is referencing the World War II German submarine base at Saint Nazaire in occupied France. Torpedo taps on the door of the bunker but before he can check for survivors he gets a tug on the safety line from Doc. Doc observes the two mercenary groups and it looks like one of the mercenary groups is about to attack the other. Torpedo misses the reply taps coming from inside the bunker. Torpedo and Doc link up with Gung Ho who has arrived back at the research station with the bulldozer. They all get together with Stalker and Breaker and all of them board the bulldozer and head back to the taxi cab. In the meantime, Scarlett, Rock and Roll and Grunt have taken the airfield tower but they're still taking heavy fire.  They go to the research station to make sure the Joes found the planted evidence but one of them falls into one of the booby traps. The taxi cab arrives at the airfield but a pair of armored cars are approaching. The airplane still hasn't had an opportunity to land. All of the Joes climb into the taxi cab and they kick the driver out. But they don't steal the cab, they buy it with a whole bunch of $100 bills. So the taxi driver is happy now, he's rich but he has to get back home on foot through a jungle filled with bandits with $100 bills in his pocket. All of the Joes are in the cab and they're headed for the runway but the plane cannot stop because they are being pursued by a couple armored cars. The plane touches down, it lowers the back ramp and the cab has to drive directly into the plane and then the plane takes off, Stalker will recover from his injuries and the micro dot is turned over to Hawk and they all lived happily ever after. But wait, there's still that tapping sound coming from the bunker that's sunken under the river so the reader has to assume that maybe Snake Eyes Quinn and Dr. Venom are still alive. So how do we assess this issue? One thing that strikes me as I read it is how efficient the storytelling is. There's a lot that happens in this issue, there's a lot of great action, there's some character development, we jump from multiple locations but none of it feels rushed. The pacing is really good, we get lots of smaller panels during the action scenes which seems to speed things up but we also get some long establishing shots which gives the reader a chance to catch his breath so we have lots of action but none of it is rushed through. The character development is done within the story, the characters are put in difficult situations and how they manage those situations shows their individual personalities. Stalker really shines in this issue. Even when he's wounded and delirious he's still the smartest guy in the field. He has a way of assessing a situation and instantly knowing what's happening and the right thing to do. Gung Ho will be cool as long as you are cool but if you try to hurt him he's going to cut you down. Breaker is a bit of a putz as always, I don't know why this comic book has such a problem with Breaker.  I know that readers have found Hawk to be a real douchebag including me but from his perspective he is the leader of a small team.  He needs everybody working at their top level all the time. So while I can sympathize with Scarlett's feelings at the same time I can understand why Hawk doesn't have any patience for Scarlett's feelings. Even though Scarlett is an emotional turmoil about the death of Snake Eyes she fights through it which is a testament to her character. The historical references are like little gold nuggets in the comic book. We have references to the Battle of Algiers, to the French occupation of Vietnam, to World War II German submarine bases in occupied France and this is what I mean when I say that the characters in G.I. Joe walk around a world that's very much like ours. It has the same history as our world, the same events happen in their world that happen in ours and the comic book lets you know that even though you don't see these events happening, these events did happen and G.I. Joe exists in a larger world than what you see in these pages. And I like the fact that the comic book didn't explain what any of these historical references were. The comic book assumed that either you already knew or you would go look it up and that is respect for the reader.  Even though this comic book was aimed at children, it gave these kids who read the comic book some credit for some intelligence. You want to know why the G.I. Joe comic book inspired me while the G.I. Joe animated series left me cold? This is why. While the animated series was doing mass device and giant tube worms and weather dominator, the comic book was doing this. The comic book was giving me a little picture of a wider world. We don't see Snake Eyes or Dr.Venom or Quinn in this issue but it's implied that they are still alive and we might see them again in the future. We have some hints of a secret Cobra plot so the reader is wondering what that's about and Cobra is intentionally planting information to misdirect G.I. Joe. Cobra Commander is smart in this issue and that's why Cobra is a worthy opponent to G.I. Joe. I thoroughly enjoyed this issue and I highly recommend it. This issue will lead to more stories with Dr. Venom and Quinn and that's a very important story arc in the G.I. Joe universe so this one is a must read. That was my comic book review of G.I. Joe issue number 13. Next week we will have a regular G.I. Joe toy review and depending on how this comic book review is received, we will have another comic book review of G.I. Joe issue number 14 next month. Thanks for watching and I will see you guys next week.


Ms. Gupta, why do you wish to join the civil service? So actually, while I was in college in my fourth year, so I was working on some project called Negotiation for Visually Impaired People. And during that project, I realized that despite I using my computer skills over there, there were many other challenges. For example, the affordability or the accessibility or the ability to understand such mobile applications. And I think it was at that moment that I realized that I wanted to cater to the spider's scope of the problems. And I thought civil services offered me a way to do so. So what qualities do you possess? It should make you a good civil servant. So first, I think civil servant must have a leadership quality. So this would be the one. The second would be. And what are those qualities, leadership qualities? In the leadership, sir. So the first would be to take everybody along with you, despite having some maybe divergence in the group. So you come at a medieval, I mean the medium path, or you somehow come at a consensus. So that would be the first thing. The second would be to address each and everyone's grievances in that group. And so that no one feels alienated from the group. And everybody gives their best potential in that work. If you are in the police. Yes, sir. Now, if you're looking for a consensus and addressing everyone's grievances, nothing will get done. Yes, sir. Half the fellows don't want to work on holidays. They like to go home. But you have a duty to perform. You have to do policing. When others are enjoying, you have to do policing. So if you're seeking consensus, or even as a dean, there's a flood. Or there's an earthquake.  So consensus is not a quality, which is of such a great importance here. Think of something as basic. Yes, sir. If I may add over here, as you also said, my first thing would also be to do something which they can consider as a role model. For example, as you gave the example, that first of all, I am letting go of my holidays. I am participating in that flooded state, and I am giving my best over there. So I think that will be also one of the things that you would see up to. Ms. Gupta, have you heard of this Right to Information Act? Yes, sir. What are the salient features of this act? Yes, sir. So Right to Information Act gives the basic right to information to each and every citizen of India. It provides that if you want to access some information, which definitely there are some restrictions also, say that information does not fall in that, you can access that within a given time limit. And if the information is not provided to you, then you also have some appeal mechanisms for the same. What are the appeal mechanisms? Yes, sir. For example, there is now starting a mechanism also. And then you can also submit your application at the office also. But the purpose of the act was to bring about greater transparency and openness in the government functioning. Do you think that this has been achieved by this act? Sir, to a large extent, yes. Because people are accessing it for very good information. For example, I existed to know about what is the strength of Curls at IIT Delhi. And I think it's a very useful insight for a person like me. You get a response? Sir, I do get a response. But I was also told that there are, because at the time there was ongoing proposals on reservation for women at IIT Delhi. So I was told that some of the information is restricted, and you won't be able to access it. So did you file an appeal like that or not? No, sir. So because I thought that it is a genuine restriction, because the proposal was ongoing. So I shouldn't be asking that information, which is critical at this point of the time. Now what are the, are there any exemptions given to certain organizations under the Right to Information Act? Sir, I feel, yes. For example, the organizations that are concerned with the national security. For example, Intelligence Bureau. For example, National Investigating Agency. So a common citizen does not, cannot, I would say, access that information, which is very critical for them. Let me ask you a question. Yes, sir. Some time back, an RTI was filed with the CBI, seeking to know the amount of money which the organization has spent on their efforts to extradite Vijay Malia. OK, sir. And this was refused by the CBI. You think that was a correct decision? Or should this information have been given? Sir, according to me, though I'm not aware of this news information, but based on what you tell me, I think there might be reasons given why this information was not given. And if we can judge that those reasons were good enough, then I can guess there can be some restrictions. Oh, right. Now let's come to something else. Yes, sir. You know, this local issue has been pending for a very long time. Yes, sir. What exactly is the, should be the constitution of the Lokpal? Sir, Lokpal would consist of, first of all, the prime minister of India. The second would be the leader of opposition. Yes. I'm sorry, I'm not able to recall that. Speaker, speaker. Speaker, yes. And then? Then I think chief justice of India. Very true. And an eminent jurist. Eminent. And a jurist. So has that been done yet? Has any progress been made or not? No, sir. Sir, because 2014 Lok Sabha, there is an issue about the leader of opposition place because that does not qualify into the 10% criteria. So that is why Lokpal has not been constituted yet. But the Supreme Court had asked the government as to what is the progress. Yes, sir. And the government has been inviting the leader of the opposition. Yes, sir. But he has not been attending those meetings. OK, sir. Sir, I'm sorry. I'm not aware of it. You're not aware? Yes, sir. Right. Now there's a dispute going on between China and Canada at the moment. Over the arrest and detention of a member, are you aware of that? Yes, sir. I think I know some details, but I'm not sure about it. What exactly do you know about it? Sir, that one of the members, person of China, I think China was arrested in Canada. I'm not sure, sir. You check up on that. Because this is a very major diplomatic route which is building up. Yes, sir. Because the girl who has been arrested is the chief financial officer of Hawaii and the daughter of the owner of the Hawaii industry, right? And Canada is holding her on behalf of the US, where she's to be extradited. OK, OK. Now, are we also trying to extradite somebody? Yes, sir. From the US? Yes. From the US. From the UK, sir, I know Mr. Vijay Madhya. That is Vijay Madhya. Yes, sir. That his case is pending in the court. He's filed an appeal there, right? Yes, sir. There is a person whom we are seeking now from the US. Have you heard of a person called Taghavur Rana? No, sir. I'm not aware of him. Right. What do you feel about the Sabri Malay issue, the decision made by the Supreme Court? Because it's led to a lot of controversy in the state also. What is your view? So I think my view is that this decision that was taken by the Supreme Court is a very progressive view. And it actually puts women at front with the men's right. So in that context, this is definitely a very right statement. Thank you. Yes. You're involved with the National Service team. Yes, sir. In what capacity? Sir, so when you enter IIT Delhi, you have to complete certain credits either in NSS, NSO, or NCC. What is the basic vote of creation of NSS? So the vote of NSS says that, be the change you wish to see in the world. So it is meant to do the social service. For example, teaching slum children, teaching people at National Association of Blind, cleanliness tribes, cloth collection tribes. It has also a partnership with NGOs like Goonch, Aina, which help other people. OK. You are also playing badminton? Yes, sir. Badminton has come of age in India? I'm sorry, sir. Will you agree if I say that badminton has come of age in India? It has achieved a certain degree of success? Yes, sir. And especially in the recent times, I would definitely agree to your statement. And how do you say that? Sir, because we recently have players like Saina, Neval, Peeve, Sandoor, Watsameer, Verma, has won many medals. And they are excelling at this field. What has contributed to this increased participation of the general population in badminton? Yes, sir. So the first is the availability of training. For example, in Bangalore, the training center that is opened by Pulela Co-Pigeon is very famous. And actually, the Saina, Neval, Peeve, Sandoor actually product of badminton training center. Corporate funding has also come? Yes, sir. Many corporates are involved in promoting badminton. OK, now a different question. Yes, sir. You have heard of subsidy targeting? Subsidy targeting. Has any effort been made by the government to target subsidies, delivery of subsidies? Yes, sir. So for example, direct benefit transfer is a step in which we are targeting subsidies. In which particular subsidy has been targeted? So for example, sir, give me a few moments. Sure. Yes, sir. So the Pahel scheme, which is meant for LPG subsidies, so it is provided under DBT nowadays. Are there any attempt to include more subsidies in the group of targeting? Yes, sir. Engineering is also being provided through DBT. But I believe. I mean, another is not a subsidy. Sir, I'm sorry. I'm for using the word subsidy. I mean the wages that are provided under engineering are provided through DBT. Now what are the main subsidies given by the central government? Yes, sir. There are fertilizer subsidies that are given to the farmers. Then there are subsidies in the term of the food products that are given at PDAs, fashion shops. As far as fertilizer is concerned, any attempt made by the government to target? Sir, yes, sir. So basically, fertilizer subsidies nowadays are provided to the fertilizer companies directly, rather than the farmers. This is done to somehow restrict the divergence of the fertilizers. Last question. Yes, sir. Your second and third preference should be an income tax and cost comes from that. Yes, sir. Now post-GST has the role of income tax service and also the costumers that will exercise undergone any change? Sir, I think definitely with the economic reforms coming into the country, these services are also witnessing those reforms. So these services have a very large hand in handling those reforms and ensuring that these reforms reach each and every individual of the country. What has been the trend of direct tax and indirect tax collection in the current year? Sir, the percentage wise? No, what has been the trend? Trend growth. OK, sir. OK, sir. Sir, the direct taxes as well as the indirect taxes has been on the rise in the country. But are there any shortfalls over what was the research in the budget? Sir, recently there was a shortfall in the GST collection as it was in research to the budget. OK, thank you. You were given a board regarding research. What was your research about? Well, my research was on finding codes of a given song. So there was an application about it. But I have to improve its efficiency using the probabilistic graphical models. So will you be able to prove something? Yes, ma'am. I have improved efficiency from 30% to 79%. And you also practice meditation? Yes, ma'am. So how do you do it? Do you say a mantra or what do you do? Ma'am, my form of meditation is mindfulness meditation. What does it mean? Yes, ma'am. Ma'am, in this meditation I focus on my breath for 10 to 15 minutes. So in case any irrational thoughts are coming in without any judgment, I try to do away with them and focus on my breath again. So you learnt it on your own or you asked some teacher to teach you? Ma'am, actually there's a funny story about it. One of my teachers started this practice of teaching us meditation to keep the students silent. So for the first 10 minutes of the class, there is a very hustle in the class. OK, I'll get it. But so you've written teaching is a hobby or an area of interest. So what did you teach? Ma'am, I've taught and I'm teaching since my ninth class. So at that time I taught my neighbor's students and my helper's children. At IIT Delhi, I taught for people at National Association of Blind and also the slum children. And are you aware of what is known as contractual teaching? Ma'am, are you talking about the teachers? The university, they are talking about contractual teaching. I'm sorry. Giving a contract to teachers for one year at a time. Have you heard about that story? I'm sorry, ma'am, I'm not aware of it in this context. All right, never mind. Now, you've also been interested in training these students. You've heard about the Swachh Bharat program. Tell me something about it. Ma'am, it's a pan-India campaign that was focused on education and educational cleanliness in the country and also with the cleaning of rivers, also handling the open defecation in the country. And also it has actually widened its scope also. For example, doing the work with the corruption has also been now thought that it is a problem. Thought of cleaning of the rivers. So how are the rivers going to be cleaned under this Swachh Bharat program? Yes, ma'am. Ma'am, the first step, I think, is to ensure that there is no extra waste that is now put into the rivers. For example, the industry. So what do they do? How will they do it? Yes, ma'am. Ma'am, I think the owners should be on the industries in their case that they ensure a waste disposal system, especially with the technologies coming in. I think there is definitely an area where you can convert that waste into either a useful thing like energy, or there is a proper way to dispose that waste. So STPs are required. Basically, sewage treatment. Yes, ma'am. Yes. What else? Ma'am, second is developing the culture of sanitation among the common public, because most of the times they are also involved in throwing their waste in the rivers. The third, I would say, is cleaning the current rivers, whatever the waste or beauty levels is present at that rivers. So we do have some technologies. So how successful has this program been from the day of implementation? Yes, ma'am. Ma'am, it has been around four years since this scheme. I would say definitely there has been some progress. We all have incorporated it in our behavioral aspects or to some level. But I would also say there is a lot more to do. Do you think there's a change in attitude? Ma'am, I think there is, because it fills a new kind of energy in you when you're here in Swachh Bharata Bihar. And you actually focus on that. You are from Delhi. Ma'am, I stated. You are from Punjab, but you are working in Delhi? Or you studied in Delhi? Ma'am, I studied in IIT Delhi, and that is when I stayed in Delhi. So you are from Punjab. Suppose you became an administrator and were a NALA, what issues would you address first of all? Give me two main issues which you would like to address. Ma'am, the first issue that I address is the employment in the women, because the ratio in, especially because it's a very small district, is one is to six people who are working. Only one is the female. What type of jobs are there? Ma'am, the only industry in Bernala is the pride and group of industries. So my focus will also be to ensure that more industries come into the town. And also, especially since the nearby areas of Bernala are agriculture dominating areas. So ensuring there are men to do jobs available in that sector with the help of elite sectors like poultry, animal husbandry, et cetera. That's it. Now my last question, related to your field that is computer science, one here's a big data field. What is big data? Ma'am, big data is basically defined by three ways, the volume, variety, and velocity. When you get a large amount of data, which is a huge variety in it, and it comes with a huge speed to you, then it's termed as a big data. What are the advantages? Yes, ma'am. Ma'am, I would give an example here. For example, Google, when we search something, it is accessing all our searches. It is checking what we searched, when we searched, where are we located. So it is all a big data to Google. So next time when we search something, there are some recommendations coming in. So we are at ease as a consumer. And Google, using that big data, is ensuring that we get proper customer services. All right. Thank you. Thank you. Can you tell us, what are these fundamental duties? Are they impossible? Can you recall some of the duties? Yes, sir. So fundamental duties are not impossible under any law. But some of the fundamental duties are first of all, I would say, to preserve the heritage of India in the terms of monuments. The second would be to respect the national flag, national anthem, and the constitution of India. The third would be the parents duty to send their children of six to 14 years to schools. The fourth would be the annual midge. There is one duty to develop scientific temper. Yes, sir. What is scientific temper and how does that help? Yes, sir. So I believe there are certain values that are associated with scientific temper. For example, objectivity, rationality, using logic. So scientific temperament in general is developed when you read science subjects, like beat mathematics, physics, chemistry, medical science. In general, it is developed in that way, in the formal education system. However, there are also ways in which you can develop that informal education system also. Those with arts background, they do not have science. Definitely, sir. They do. I'm sorry. I missed that point. Social studies science is also a kind of a science. OK. There was a spurt in this me too movement. Why do you think it came up all of a sudden? Was there a gap in law, vacuum in law, why did people take to the social media rather than taking to legal cause? Yes, sir. So I think I will agree to you here that though the movement started with the very right intentions of showing how in depth the problem of sexual harassment is, however, it is actually a spill out of the lack of our legal systems. Because I believe social media is not a correct platform for the women to understand their grievances as well as for the institutions to hear their grievances. So I feel, as you said, that me too is a result of a lack of our legal systems. Is there any institutional mechanism to deal with sexual harassment at workplaces? Yes, sir. So there is a sexual harassment at workplaces app in which the internal complaints committee, she-box also, are created where women can complain about it and ensure that the grievances are voted. OK. Can there was a supling for judgment on triple the law? Are you aware of that? Yes. What was the judgment? Yes, sir. So the Shahira Banu judgment that you're talking about talks about that the triple the law, which is given to especially to Muslim women, is actually against their own rights. It marginalizes them. It is basically a question on their rights. What was the finding on triple the law? So it was found that triple the law is not an essential practice under the religion of Islam. And thus, it cannot be classified that so it can be abolished as it encroaches upon rights of the women. So the government abolition or they abolish it all the way up? So first the Supreme Court judgment then the government is also passing an act on it. I'm sorry sir, I'm not aware of the name of that act. No, actually, there are two different things. They say that it is unconstitutional. The Supreme Court has, the law is the ordinance. It is for criminalization of triple the law. Yes, sir. Have you heard about this adultery controversy? Yes, sir. And what happened to that? Yes, sir. So section 497 of IPC talks about adultery where a husband can actually complain about another man who has indulged into sexual activities with her wife. So in this, it was found that the collapse of this section was that women was considered as the property of the husband. And the woman does not have the right to complain in such a case against her husband. So thus, the adultery was abolished by the Supreme Court. By the Supreme Court? Yes, it was. Yeah, it is no longer an offense. Sir, what is it? It's a civil offense. It's no longer a criminal offense. What is civil offense? These are two diametrically opposed to civil and offense. What is civil offense? How is adultery a civil offense? Sir, I would say Supreme Court said that adultery can be used as a ground for asking for a divorce. It was, yes. So can you tell us what is the mechanism to protect human rights in this country? Yes, sir. So first, I would say there are laws. There are institutions like the State Court, High Court, Supreme Court, that are there. The second would be also the National Human Rights Commission, which takes such cases on either summa databases or either when someone complains. The third would be the PIL, also is one of the bases on which human rights complaints can be put forward. The fourth, I think the parliament, the institution of tempracy itself is there to protect our human rights. One current, there was this thing in news, Supreme Court order on concerning human rights. Last few days, there was something in news. Can you recall that? Sir, can I recall it for a few seconds? Is it related to the encounters or that is done by the? Actually, section 30 of the Protection of Human Rights Act calls for human rights coating of the district, which has not been set up. Thank you, sir. Well, we close your interview. I'll give you a little feedback. Is this your first attempt? First, it's my second attempt, but the first interview. First thing, I would like to say that you performed very well. You've been able to handle most of the questions very nicely. So, which means you're very informed and you can approach a subject in an analytical manner. Your personality is good, your voice, your language, everything is good. And there is just one thing I'd like to suggest to you when I asked you a question about why the civil service. So you went on a pretty long explanation. Yes, sir. And then when you were asked about meditation, then you said, and you were asked whether you have done it yourself or through the help of some trainer. So you said, no, there's a funny story and you were cut short. This is an interview just about 25, 30 minutes. You cannot give stories or you cannot give a long explanation. You must cut it out completely.  There's no scope for any long discursive explanation. So in civil service also, the best thing for you will be to say that number one, it provides an excellent career. Because these are the highest civil services. Everyone, all of us are looking for a great career. And secondly, it provides a unique opportunity for public service. All that background, et cetera, has no meaning. Can I note this down? Yeah, sure. Again, the quality, so you come straight to the leadership qualities. And then you were not able to explain what leadership you were focusing on, consensus and grievance, and interest, and all that. Now that's not the job of SP or a magistrate, district magistrate, you know. They have been given powers to exercise those powers without worrying about consensus or anything. It is their job to, within the confines of law and within the confines of the rules, to achieve results. So you can't go on looking for consensus. What is important is, qualities are hard work, competence, professional competence, honesty, adherence to rule of law, and moral courage. These are the quality. And a great quality of a leader is to set an example. Then the question is, example of what? Example of these qualities. You should be honest yourself. You should be hard working. You can't sit in your air-conditioned office and give orders. You must leave from the front. That is a leadership court. Then you were asked a number of questions about constitutional questions. What is RTI? CBI has been excluded from the purview of RTI. And security organizations like IB, ROV, USF. Even the most routine inquiry, they keep saying no. You have to only agitate either in this commission or in the I-code level. But they just say no. You ask for an inquiry, which has no security angle. They say no. And they get away by saying it because they have been excluded. But of course, nobody has challenged that so far. Whether even the most inopposite inquiry, they can refuse. But they keep refusing this. Then Lokpal is another important issue. You were asked certain other important constitutional matters. For instance, Sathri Mala, you were asked. Again, the rights of women. Then fundamental duties. These are some constitutional questions. Triple talaq, adultery, mechanism to protect human rights. These are all constitutional legal issues, and then since you have been asked questions, which you will be asked, you were asked certain questions on subsidy, fertilizer, DBT. It has attempted, but it has not worked so far. DBT, fertilizer through DBT has not worked. Change in the role of IRS, direct and direct. These are all connected with our economy. Whether things have improved or not improved. Then your hobby is a research subject, etc. Swachh Bharat. As a DM, what will you do? Now you made a statement which is not very practical. That is, I'll get more industries. As a DM, you have no authority or power to invite industries. You can best tell them, but it is the government which decides which industries will be placed where there has to be a, you know, a well without a problem. After all, it's a policy decision, you can't do it. But for employment generation, you have schemes, government schemes, which you, as a DM, should implement. What are those schemes, any idea, any scheme? Sir, for example, Pidhan monthly employment generation scheme itself. Manvigar is there, so those are the schemes. And you can also say, if there are vacancies in various departments, you can tell those departments to fill those schemes. That also provides employment. Those are the ways in which you do. Then since you have done computer science, et cetera, therefore you will ask question about big data. We should be prepared to answer more questions like what is digital India, how it is working, what will be the benefits of this scheme. So these are some of the important areas which we have asked you. And I would conclude by saying that there are two areas where you should focus. One is current affairs. Second is on your buy data, you take a look at your death and then most questions will be on that. And thirdly, on constitutional issues or issues relating to fundamental rights, fundamental duties, et cetera. Yes, sir. OK, so you are doing very well. Keep on focusing. You're good boy. Thank you, sir. All the best. Thank you, sir. Good luck, Mr. Ma. Good luck. Don't forget to like, share, and subscribe to our channel. And press the bell icon to never miss an update.


The city of Pikeville has found a new Executive Director of Community Relations. Former Executive Director of Economic Development Jill Dotson will now be taking on several new responsibilities, including the roles of Main Street and Tourism Director. Dotson plans to continue the work of previous Main Street Director, Minta Trimble, since her retirement. Part of the Main Street Director job is taking over for Minta Trimble, who had been with the city for 16 years, Main Street Director for a large portion of that 16 years, and she has just done a tremendous job of revitalizing our downtown area, making sure that everything is beautiful. Part of what the Main Street Director does is to take the downtown area and go along with the national Main Street points of what they see as revitalization for the downtown area. So just continuing her efforts and making sure the Main Street organization and what Main Street does is continuing in the city of Pikeville is what I will be doing. Are you ready for a new school year? What better way to start a new school year off right than with a new device on the network that keeps our students and teachers connected? Appalachian Wireless Whether you need a new smartphone, wearable, or an iPad, we have your back to school solution. Visit AppalachianWireless.com or go into one of our 26 retail locations for our back to school deals that will help you show up and show out this school year. We are you. We are Appalachian Wireless. Dotson is prepared to listen to community feedback and contribute to quality of life improvements for the city. Her goal is to live up to the expectations of the citizens of Pikeville and her peers. I'm just excited about this opportunity going forward. I've been with the city for four years and a lot of different components and aspects of my job have are so enjoyable. And this is certainly something that I look forward to. Like I said before, Main Street, Tourism, Economic Development, the arena, the Appalachian Center for the Arts are all things that provide our visitors and our guests a wonderful opportunity to experience what our region and specifically Pikeville has to offer. And I just look forward to the opportunity to expand those elements and those offerings. Reporting from Mountain Top News, I'm Nick Colum.


There are a number of features hidden within ancient Egypt, many areas across the plateau that one is unlikely to be taught an accurate account of by any tour guide or academic alike. Not only do these features escape modern understanding, but as our argument strengthens in regards to our posit of there having been passed yet once highly advanced and thus incredibly capable ancient civilizations having once flourished not only across ancient Egypt, but many other parts of the world as well. One cannot disagree, ancient Egypt with its enormous pyramids, and indeed their guardian the Sphinx are clearly some of, if not the most impressive ancient ruins still in existence on our ancient planet. Yet our next feature of interest could in all possibility begin the rewriting of massive chapters of our already claimed as concluded historical human studies of antiquity. We have previously covered the intriguing ruin of yet another Sphinx found in Pakistan. However, would one be surprised to hear of a possible doppelganger, another Sphinx, once of the same scale as our long claimed sole pyramidal guardian, a Sphinx that can actually be found upon the plateau itself? Yet due to the extraordinary age which the sculpture clearly is, along with the possibility that this second Sphinx had likely remained submerged within the sands of time throughout Giza's re-inhabitation, one which we claim is academically used to pin the creation of the plateau on a more recent permitted ancestor. According to a Dr. Rita Abdel-Halim, who previously published an article titled A Second Sphinx at Giza Plateau, both Sphinxes are located on the West Bank. The first Sphinx is considered as the guardian of the plateau. However, the second Sphinx is located in the southern area of the causeway, leading to the pyramid of King Kafra. On the north side of the second Sphinx, one can see the tombs of King Kafra's children, and on the south, the tombs of Queen Kentkows, wife of the King Kafra and mother of King Mekirnos. Measurement of the second Sphinx indicate it was once a near-carbon copy of our long-claimed sole guardian, long academically argued as the one and only Great Sphinx of Egypt. Both Sphinxes have a length of about 73 meters, from front paws to tails. The length that is still surviving front legs of the second Sphinx is 15 meters, and the width of the whole body is 19.3 meters when measured on the surface. However, after the hopeful cleaning and subsequent exposure of the area surrounding the second Sphinx, the doctor believes that measurements might indeed change. How could we ever be expected to believe such limited views of Earth's history? Views such as that of the mainstream paradigm, which is consistently funded and constantly peddling deliberately ignorant, incredibly biased, conformist, selective beliefs, now the cornerstones of many institutions. Our history is for all, and we all deserve the truth. It is a journey of discovery, which we find highly compelling. In our last video, we explore the astonishing discovery recently made upon the Giza Plateau, hidden in plain sight, another Great Sphinx. However, this doppelganger of the better known, long-claimed sole guardian of the Great Pyramids seemingly possesses a greater level of undiluted erosion, indicative of both sculptures' tremendous age. The questions are, however, just how great is their age? How long have the Sphinx, or indeed the Great Pyramids, been here on our planet? Furthermore, the tremendous levels of erosion seen on the Pyramids themselves not only do the Pyramids display a level of erosion, indicative of a prehistoric timeline, but they have seen many additional efforts by a number of now lost civilizations, each far more capable in regards to stonework than the modern man, created a number of layers of far less eroded casing stones, each displaying a varying age, this evidence indicative of several attempts at conservation. These factors all but support the following posit, made by a number of researchers, all claiming that the Sphinx, and indeed we feel the Pyramids themselves, are in actuality as much as 800,000 years old. The most recent studies were surprisingly presented at the International Conference of Geoarchaeology and Archaeo-mineralogy held in Sofia, titled Geological Aspect of the Problem of Dating the Great Egyptian Sphinx Construction. The authors of this paper, mainstream scientist Manitchev Vacheslav from the Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Alexander G. Parkamenko, Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, have blown the whistle regarding what we have supported for a number of years. The starting point of these two experts is the paradigm shift, which has been initiated within the quote debate, which has been intended to overcome the orthodoxy within Egyptology, referring to the possible remote origins of the Egyptian civilization and, on the other, physical evidence of water erosion present at the monuments of the Giza Plateau. Which, although suspiciously mainstream researchers, such as West and Scouge, have made over the years, specifically titles the water erosion controversy, which deliberately overlooked that the Sphinx, having once been recorded as having been surrounded by a body of water, namely Anibis Lake, meaning that the enclosure was once designed with the intent of holding water, itself in turn concealing the Sphinx's possible true identity. Instead, focuses on the erosion clearly made by rainfall and ancient water levels, features we indeed claim were later additions. According to Manitchev and Parkamenko, the problem of dating the Great Pyramid Sphinx construction is still valid despite the long-term history of its research. Geological approaches and other scientific methods permits us to answer the question about the relative age of the Sphinx. The conducted visual investigation of the Sphinx allowed the conclusion regarding the important role of water from large bodies which partially flooded the monument with the formation of wave-cut hollows on its vertical walls. The morphology of these formations has an analogy with similar such hollows, formed by the sea in the coastal zones. Genetic resemblance of the compared erosion forms and the geological structure and petrographic composition of sedimentary rock complexes leads to the conclusion of the existence of long-lived freshwater lakes within various periods of the lower Pleistocene era. These lakes were distributed in the territories adjacent to the Nile. The absolute mark of the upper large erosion hollow of the Sphinx corresponds to the level of water surface which took place in this early Pleistocene age. End quote. A link to the research can be found in the script. It is a vindicating exposure of ours and others' work, one which we find highly compelling. When they land and the hatch opens, perhaps we will be looking at ourselves in the mirror. Many of you will be aware of the interstellar traveler which visited our solar system from a galaxy far, far away a few years ago. Named Omoamua, it is now recognized as the first known interstellar object ever successfully detected as it passed through our solar system. Formally designated one 2017 U1, it was discovered on the 19th of October 2017 by Robert Work while using the Pan-Stars telescope at the Haleakala Observatory within Hawaii. He spotted the mysterious object 40 days post-solar transit on the 9th of September that year. Many people have wondered about the true origins and indeed true identity of the object, yet few have received the backlash which Avi Loeb experienced on November of 2018 when he published a new research paper in an astrophysics journal. Scientists published thousands of research papers every year. These papers will often attract little public attention. However, Loeb's latest work gained a suspiciously high level of controversy and rejection when he dared to cover the rather taboo subject within this so-called official field, aliens. The subject of the paper was the mysterious supposed space rock. He posits that it likely traveled for billions of years past countless other stars before reaching our own. Eventually, it will cross the edge of our solar system and into interstellar space again. The leading hypothesis among astronomers is that Oumuamua is an odd-looking comet, a remnant of another solar system kicked out by natural forces and sent barreling through the cosmos. Loeb, however, offered a rather different explanation. Quote, Oumuamua could be a probe one deliberately sent to our solar system by an alien civilization. The detection of extraterrestrial beings, the most significant scientific discovery in human history, if we were ever told about such discoveries, of course. One must remember that, as a civilization, many believe systems openly objective to the possibility of alien life, many of which are over a millennial old. The thought of finding sapient life beyond Earth, of learning that we are not alone, however, is the pursuit of countless individuals within the modern world, so it is no surprise that his opinions have been so widely debated. But additionally, there is seemingly another possible reason for why the paper was so widely reported on. This being the fact that Loeb is, in fact, a tenured Harvard professor within the astronomical department. Quote, if this was some random astronomer that you had never heard of from, say, Equatorial Guinea, you probably wouldn't write a story on it, says Brian Gensler, the director of the University of Toronto's Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, and a former colleague of Loeb's at Harvard. He continued, there's a lot of astronomers that have outlandish ideas, and most of them aren't taken seriously by the community, and most of the time the media don't really give attention to them. Loeb has two decades worth of experience and is well regarded in the field. So, regardless of what others would like him to believe, his opinions matter. Was Umamwa really an ancient alien's exploratory craft, one spying on ours and many other solar systems? If it is, it means we are indeed not alone. What's more, it means we have undoubtedly been found. So, the professor's opinions, no matter how controversial, we find highly compelling.