Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on my YouTube channel. You can watch various programming related videos here. My channel contains more than 800 videos. You can search these videos through the keyword programming by Sanjay Gupta. In this video, I am going to demonstrate you how to define multiple functions in C programming. For example, I am taking addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two numbers. So I will be defining four functions in a single C program. So first of all, I am including a header file sddi.h. Now I am going to declare four functions. This is first function declaration. Its return type is float. Name is sum and I will be passing two arguments of float type. Similarly, second function declaration. Return type is float and two arguments of float type. Then third multiplication and fourth one is division. So these are total four function declaration. Now I am going to define main function where I will be calling these functions. Here I have declared three variables ABC of float type. Now with the help of printf scanf, I am going to read two numbers from user. First number will be stored inside A and second number will be stored inside B. After reading values, now I am going to call these functions one by one. So first I am going to call sum passing two values A and B and the result will be received inside C variable. Now I am going to print the result with the help of printf. So this way I have called sum function. Then I am going to call subtraction and again the help of printf. I am going to display the result on output screen. So this is second function call. Now I am going to call multiplication function. Result will be stored inside C. Then with the help of printf, result will be displayed on output screen and at last I am going to call division function. Here result will be stored inside C variable and that will be displayed on output screen with the help of printf. So this way I have called all four functions. So I have completed two parts of function. First one is declaration which is available before main and second one is calling which is available inside main. Now I have to define these functions. So first I am going to define sum function. So you can see definition of sum function. It is receiving two parameters in x and y. These are added into z and z is returned with the help of return keyword. So when this return keyword will be executed its value will be stored where this sum function is called. So in our example it is called at line number 13. So at line number 13 C will be receiving the value which is available inside z variable and that will be displayed on output screen with the help of line number 14. Now I am going to copy this function definition. I am pasting it. Now I am changing name of this function as sub and plus is replaced with minus. So this is second function definition. Similarly third for multiplication and fourth for division. So this way I have defined all four function definition in this program. So I hope you have understood that we can define any number of functions in a C program as per our requirement. Now I am going to execute this code so that you can understand how it is executing or how it is processing. So it is asking for two numbers. I am entering first number as 10 and second number as 5. You can see the output. Sum is 15. Subtraction is 5. Multiplication is 50 and division is 2. And all the results are displayed in form of float values because I have used data type as float. So I hope you have understood how we can define more than one functions in a C program. If you want to watch more programming related videos, you can follow my YouTube channel. You can subscribe it. Thank you for watching this video.


My own experiences and those are the guys that I've coached. I discourage you from marrying down. Everybody does it. You're going along in life. Here's the entrepreneur. Here's the hairdresser.  I love you. She moves in your life. You get married. Her lifestyle improves. Yours doesn't change. It doesn't go down. It doesn't go up. It is where it is.  Things go sideways. There's a hard break. Then there's a questionable dot dot dot. The way family law works and the way hypergamy works, it's designed to maintain her lifestyle at that level. She's not going to go back down over here. You're often responsible for maintaining that, depending on how long you live together if you have kids where you live in the world, what family law says. And you can avoid a lot of that. This is my lawyer's best advice by not marrying down. There's a lot of women out there. If you choose to get in a long-term relationship to reproduce, settle down, have kids, do it with somebody at your level or higher or not too far below that. If you do that, you're going to avoid a considerable amount of problems if things don't work out.


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Deepika here.  We have to prove that delta is equal to 0 Now by applying R1 goes to R1 plus R2 Plus R3 to delta We get we get delta is equal to now a minus b Plus b minus c plus c minus a because we are applying R1 goes to R1 plus R2 plus R3 again b minus c plus c minus a plus a minus b and This is c minus a plus a minus b plus b minus c and the second row is as it is b minus c, c minus a, a minus b and This is c minus a, her row is also as it is a minus b, b minus c Now on cancellation we get delta is equal to first row is 0 0 0 This is b minus c, c minus a, a minus b, c minus a, a minus b, b minus c Since all elements of R1 are 0 therefore delta is equal to 0, R1 are 0 therefore delta is equal to 0, hence proved. We have proved that our given determinant is equal to 0. I Hope the question is clear to you. Bye and have a good day


Hi everyone, Joe for Jazby's CaseBrakes.com, that's me, coming at you with 2019-2020, the Chronicles basketball fat pack edition, this value pack edition right here. We're going to do the break first, and at the end, we're going to randomize, re-randomize everybody's names, and the name on top is going to get that final leaf multi-sport spot. That break sold out is coming up in a separate video after this. Big thanks and good luck to all of these folks here. All the teams are in. Let's do the break. Roll it. Randomize it. Four and a five. Five and a four. Nine times for each list. One. Jared Perez. What's going on? After nine times, we've got Steven down to Charles. Nine times for the teams. And ninth and final time. After nine times, we've got the Boston Seas down to the Pacers. So no trade windows and stuff like this. Here's the first half of the list right here. Lakers right over there, Grizzlies, Charles, Kevin, Pelicans, do we dare to believe in a one-pack break? I think this is going to be a good game right here, this Dallas Clippers series, this game and the series. Pretty good. Break first. Nice Tyler Hero. Nice Giannis. Kendrick Nunn. Giannis again. And Kendrick Nunn. We'll sleeve all of that group right there. So there you go. Now let's see who's going to win that final spot, not those spots, not plural, singular. So from the Hawks, Mike and the Hawks down to Ron and the Wizards. Matthew that is in the Hawks. And then Ron with the Wizards. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it. Name on top. Just one name on top. After 11. It's a lot. After 11, we'll get that last leaf spot, $875 value. Top one after 11. One, two, three, four, five, six. Good luck. Eleventh and final time. After 11, from number two down to 30. I appreciate everybody getting in. We'll get them next time. Top one, big congratulations to Jonathan Griffin. There you go, John. Congrats to you. We're in that break coming up in a separate video right after this. Jaspy's casebreaks.com. I'll see you next time.


Giving negative feedback to employees is one of the most feared tasks of managers. 43% of 2,700 leaders surveyed found giving corrective feedback is a stressful and difficult experience and hence the majority managers don't give negative feedback. Looking at the negative feedback from the employee's perspective, an Office Vibe survey from thousands of companies suggested that 83% of employees really appreciate feedback regardless if it's positive or negative and a Gallup poll found that employees receiving negative feedback were 20 times more likely to be engaged than those receiving no feedback at all. These stats tell a story of employees everywhere shouting, please give me feedback. So having established that employees really do want feedback, let's go through seven actions that you can take to make giving negative feedback easier on you and more useful to the employee receiving the negative feedback. And at the end of the video I will let you know where to find seven different feedback models or frameworks for you to try. This will give you ways to structure the feedback you deliver. My name is Jess Coles and I've been a hiring manager for over 20 years in Corpuson household names through to SMEs. I've learned that giving negative feedback in the right way is genuinely appreciated by nearly every employee. Practice giving corrective feedback with the employee's development and skills improvement in mind. Make the effort and you'll get back a lot in return. If you're new to this channel enhance.training shares business and people management expertise to help you improve your performance and that of your team and business. And if you like this video please give it a thumbs up and subscribe. The first action in giving negative feedback to employees is give negative feedback in private. Negative feedback should not be given in public or with any audience other than the person who's receiving the negative feedback. Imagine how you would feel if your manager exposed what you did not do well to the wider team. Anger, resentment, embarrassment to name a few. Always organize a private meeting in a meeting room or take a walk outside of the person. Organizing a private meeting gives you some time to collect your thoughts, structure what you're going to say and note the examples before you sit down to give the negative feedback. A good way to start the conversation is for you to ask the employee's permission to give them feedback. This gives a sense of control and equality to the other person and after saying yes they're also much more likely to listen and take in what you say. The second action in giving negative feedback to employees is give feedback quickly. As a rule of thumb give feedback within 24 hours of the event, action or choice that are giving negative feedback on. I would of course suggest you give feedback a lot more quickly than this. Give yourself at least 10 minutes after the event to reflect on what you want to say. If you are annoyed or have an emotionally react to the situation take time to let your own emotions calm down before giving feedback. You don't want to be shooting from the hip as such. The longer you leave feedback the less impact that feedback will have. Other events happen, other things occupy our thoughts and our memory of exactly what happened fades or is forgotten. The impact of feedback reduces the longer you put giving feedback off. So make sure your feedback is given quickly after the event. Give yourself some time to compose your feedback and then deliver it. The third action in giving negative feedback to employees is tailor your feedback style to each person. Everyone is different and how you give feedback to each individual should be tailored. For example an expert who is confident in what they do is going to be more eager to hear negative feedback as it's an opportunity to get even better. Beginners who have just started the role would benefit from a lot more encouragement on what they are doing well rather than too much focus on what is not going so well. Be as direct and clear as possible with each individual. You can't afford for them to get the wrong message or ignore your feedback by downplaying its importance. Make your message clear and ask the individual to repeat back the message to you if you are worried they haven't taken it in. I suggest you be kind with your feedback be sensitive in the tone of your voice you use and your actual choice of words. Make sure your body language is encouraging and pleasant without taking away from your message.  The fourth action in giving negative feedback to employees is explain the impact. Many people don't realize the full impact of what they have done or they choose to ignore the impact on others. When you are giving negative feedback to employees you are essentially asking them to change. To improve the chances that they will put the effort in to make that change highlight the impact of their choices on themselves, others, the team and the business. For example, talk about the financial impacts, the impacts on relationships, the impacts on feelings, the impact on teamwork and so on. The bigger the impact the more important it becomes for them to change and increases their pressure on them to do so. A word of warning be realistic when you are highlighting the impact. Don't exaggerate or play emotional guilt cards too strongly or use other tricks. Doing any of these and getting caught doing so your credibility and your trust with the other person will be damaged. And these are the kind of things that spread around the team quickly too. This will hinder your effectiveness in managing the team. I prefer to get the other person to tell me what the impacts are by asking them questions and then staying silent until they answer. Done well this is a great technique and beats just telling them. Try it out. The fifth action in giving negative feedback to employees is negative feedback must teach and improve. There is no point in giving negative feedback unless it helps the other person improve their choices, behaviors or results. Giving feedback to express your annoyance, anger or other emotions is not going to help the situation. When you do give feedback you want the other person to take in what you're saying and make the change you are requesting. Telling the other person to change is unlikely to work. You need to persuade them. You need to show them it is in their personal best interest to change. A consultative process could be outline the actions, behavior and choices made and then go through the impacts. This sets the scene and the context and then go through other options for what they could have chosen or the other actions that they could have taken. Again I prefer to get them to first come up with as many of these options as possible. Only then will I outline any other options that I've thought of. This does take more time and a slightly different skill set than just telling them. The advantage is the other person has thought of many of the options and they are actively involved in the process. This massively improves their buy-in to the process and the feedback. Then the options discussed can be compared with the action or choice that they took and of the behavior they displayed. You can highlight how each of the options explored is better or worse than the original action choice or behavior. Going through this process leaves the other person with several alternative approaches, hopefully ones that they came up with. This gives them plenty of learning opportunities. Secondly you have had the opportunity to highlight why their original approach was not as good a choice as these other alternatives, providing negative feedback in a much more constructive way. Of course there are times when you just have to tell them to stop doing something. A more direct approach is probably more useful. Disruptive behavior is an example, yet ask them why it happened. Go through the impacts of the behavior, touch on the consequences of repeating the behavior, you know it could be personal improvement plans or disciplinary processes etc and then ask them to stop the behavior. Give them alternative options of the behavior if this is appropriate. Make sure your feedback is as specific and detailed as possible and use examples as much as possible. This makes the feedback useful. Do not make general comments when giving negative feedback to employees. Keep everything detailed and specific and focus on the choices and actions, not the person themselves. Ensure any negative feedback given teaches and helps the other person improve. The sixth action in giving negative feedback to employees is actively listen to their feedback. Throughout your meeting to give negative feedback to employees watch their body language, their facial expressions and of course listen to what they say. Behavioral issues for instance often have their roots in other issues. Ask the employee what caused them to behave in the way they did. Do not accept I don't know as an answer. It is possible the employee may not initially be aware of the reasons themselves. Ask questions to help guide the employee to giving you a constructive answer. With negative feedback on choices or actions ask questions to understand why the original choice was made or to action taken. Active listen through the exploration of options. As a manager I often learn loads in these sessions about how the other person thinks, about their preferences, their strengths, their weaker areas etc. Active listening is a great skill. Active listening encourages the other person to tell you information directly or indirectly and as a manager this is priceless. The seventh action in giving negative feedback to employees is plan actions together. And lastly coming out of the meeting with a set of actions that the employee has agreed to is a good sign of a successful meeting where you have given the negative feedback to the employee. Don't just tell the employee the actions that you think they need to take. If they nod or agree how do you really know that they actually agree with these actions or more importantly they'll actually put these actions into practice. They might just be agreeing with you to get out of the meeting. A more productive approach is to ask the employees what actions they're going to commit to. It'll coach them to one or more actions. They have to think of the actions, articulate them and then persuade you to agree with them. This type of process is much more likely to result in the employee owning and therefore doing their actions. Ask the employee what actions they're going to take and then wait for their response. Keep asking questions to lead them to a mutually agreeable set of actions. You know a simple example could be, manager what actions are you going to take as a result of this meeting? Employee. I'm not sure. Manager which of the options you came up with do you like the best? Employee. The second one seems to be most sensible approach to me. Manager. Okay to take the second option what is the first step you need to take and you can continue this approach. Keep responsibility with the employee for their actions. This gives you the best chance of getting their buy-in and the actions being done and of course follow up to make sure the actions are happening too. This is a sensible step for any manager to take. So there we have seven actions you can take to make delivering negative feedback a lot easier for both you and your employee. For seven frameworks to help you structure your conversations go to our articles on our website and find the article about giving negative feedback to employees. We share seven different feedback models or frameworks that you can try out. In summary giving negative feedback to employees is difficult to start with. We're all worried about offending the other person, damaging our relationships with them, making the situation worse etc. Employees want and need feedback so they can improve what they do. Practice giving negative feedback in a kind, considerate way that teaches and improves what the employee does. Practicing will increase your confidence and skill in this area. Giving negative feedback in the right way on the right occasions helps everyone. And as a reminder we have gone through these seven actions. Firstly give negative feedback in private, second give feedback quickly, third tailor your feedback style to each person, fourth explain the impact, fifth negative feedback must teach and improve, sixth active listen to their feedback and seventh plan actions together. If you have any questions please leave them in the comment section below and I'll get back to you. Thanks very much for watching and I look forward to speaking to you again soon.


Praise the Lord everybody. Hallelujah. Come on it's worship time. Hallelujah. Thank you Lord we're so grateful for your goodness toward us oh God. So we come to praise and bless your day. Hallelujah. Come on. Both savior. What a friend we have in Jesus. Love our sins and griefs to bear. Hallelujah. Because you hear us when we pray. Thank you Lord. I thank you because you answer our prayers. Thank you Jesus. Hallelujah. Not shy. Hallelujah. Bless our service today Lord. We came to praise you and honor you. We came to glorify your name. We came to bless you. Oh bless us in so many ways. We want to say thank you Jesus. Thank you Jesus. How you brought us from a mighty long way. Please save today those who are not saved. Touch the hearts of those who need you Lord. Draw them close to you in Jesus' name. Keep us safe. Hallelujah. From dangers seen and unseen. Bless our children. Save all of our children. Oh God. Yes. What a Messiah. We put them in your hands. Thank you Lord. Thank you Jesus. Be glorified in all that we say and do. Hallelujah. We came to praise you and bless your holy name in Jesus' name. Thank you Jesus. We honor you in Jesus' name. I pray. Thank you Jesus. Hallelujah. This is the day of the Lord that's made and we shall rejoice and be glad in it. Amen. I'm here to read the scriptures for today. Our scripture is going to be found in Psalms 46 beginning at verse one all the way through through verse seven. Amen. Amen. Will you have it? Say amen. God is our refuge and strength. A very present help in trouble. Therefore will not we fear though the earth be removed and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea. Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled. Though the mountains shake with the swelling thereof sea line. There is a river the stream thereof shall make glad the city of God the holy place of a tabernacle of the most hot. God is in the midst of her. She shall not be moved. God shall help her and that right early the heathen raid the kingdom was moved. He uttered his voice. The earth swelled. The Lord of hosts is with us. The God of Jacob is our refuge sea line. When I read this I thought about Israel. You know Israel is in war right now and I said whoever's fighting against Israel is not going to win. Because the scriptures say they're not going to win. They might as well give it up. Amen. So I read this when it said God is in the midst of her. She shall not be moved. God shall help her and that right early. Amen. Praise God for another word. We are here this morning ushering in the presence of the Lord. We want his spirit to fill this place. Hallelujah. To break chains. To remove yolks. Hallelujah. To deliver and save. Our special music by Brother Mike. Everybody has their own. Come on somebody. He's done one thing for some person. He's done another thing for many other people and all of us have a testimony that we need to share about what God has done. Come on somebody. Everybody needs to be a witness. Some people may be a little ashamed of the road they traveled but we're here. We're here. I'm excited today to see each of you who are here. For those who are watching by way of media we're excited that you're watching with us. The spirit of the Lord is in this house. He visits us every time we come. I got a witness. He visits every time we come into this place and we thank him. We praise him for his goodness towards us. He didn't have to do it but he did and I'm glad about it. I want to make this announcement. This is October the eighth finally. Amen. Amen and we're having a Los Angeles metropolitan diocese meeting on this afternoon at four o'clock in the city of Pasadena, 1127 North Lake Pasadena, California. I'm the diocesan for the LA Metro Churches. The churches will be meeting. We're going to have a great time in the Lord. Amen. Fellowshiping with our brothers and sisters and if we don't stay too long in service we can eat and we can go and fellowship with our brothers and sisters. Amen. Now I said that because we weren't expecting Sister Haskins. Sister Haskins has prepared dinner. Amen. So we'll stay around after the service and have some good food. She's a great cook. She's not a good cook. She's a great cook. Amen. So I'd like for us to as many as will for us to after service eat fellowship with each other and then head over to Los Angeles now Pasadena over to Pasadena where the Spirit of the Lord is going to meet us there. Amen. So that's my little spiel for right now. Now we have a young man who's great to get to the Lord and he hasn't been a young man or a little guy in my life in my eyesight. He's always been a big man even when he was a little man but the Lord has blessed him. He's gifted not just in singing the young man is gifted. Amen. Come son in case you didn't know this is our second in command in an audio visual room working all that heavy equipment and he knows what to do with it. So the Lord has gifted this young man and I want you to receive him as he comes bringing music for us this morning and after he's finished Elder Ross will be speaking and he'll come that'll be the next voice you hear after he's singing. God bless you sir. Because I can't leave without you. I can't leave. What can I do? Because I can't leave. I need you to take. Thank God for Brother Michael one more time. Before you take your seats I feel like singing but I know better. I got to save some but praise the Lord everybody. I bless and give honor to God. I bless him and I praise him. My testimony is God has been nothing but good to me. I give special honor to our bishop and our shepherd. Bishop Orling McClure Alexander point two junior. Our first lady pastor Bobby. I'm gonna call her junior too. She looks so much like a mother. So I'm gonna make her honorary junior for the day.  That's all right. They're gonna have to get over it. I honor them men and women that shared the preaching of the gospel with me greeting to the saints and friends and all those watching us by live stream. We are so honored to be here this morning. No matter how young you are no matter how old you are no matter how rich you are no matter how poor you are no matter how much education you have or don't have God has a plan for your life.  I have something that I want you to do that nobody else can do but you. And I want to be found doing that. Father we thank you for this time. We thank you that your presence has already been with us and we pray Lord that you would anoint us for this service. Go with us even in the Word and we'll give you the praise. We'll thank you for because you're great and we give you glory in Jesus name. Amen. Praise the Lord everybody. Praise the Lord everybody. Praise the Lord. Look at your neighborhood neighbor. I'm glad you're here. Just a neighbor you sure look good today and tell them show you right. Show you right. Show you right. Come on somebody. But God has a plan for your life. Proverbs said where there is no vision the people perish. Where there is no plan the people perish. Genesis one in one says in the beginning God. That's it. In the beginning God. This is not a question. This is not a suggestion but it's just the fact that in the beginning was God and this God he created the heavens and the earth in six days and on the seventh day he rested. Day one he created the day and the nights. Day two he created the waters. He divided the waters from the waters the oceans and the rivers and the streams. Day three he caused the dry land to appear. Day four he created the moon or the sun and the moon and the stars. The sun to rule by day and the moon to rule by night and the stars to create a beautiful celestial glowing curtain. That's God. And on the fifth day he created the fish of the sea and the fowl of the air. On the sixth day he created the beast of the field the cattle and all of the animals. And his creation was almost complete. But now it is time for God to make man. I like that. But before he makes man he declares and lays out his plans and his purposes for man. But notice he didn't do that with the other creations that he created in specific but man was something special. Man wasn't a bird. He wasn't an animal. He was something special to God. So turn in your Bible to Genesis 1 26. Genesis 1 26. And God said let us make man in our image after our likeness and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air over the cattle and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God said and God said and God said let us make man. Number one he said let us make man in our image from the Hebrew word teslam meaning resemblance or a replica. Number two he says and let's make him after our likeness. Coming from the Hebrew word demi meaning a model or a similitude. And then he said let them have dominion. Notice he said let them have. Let them have. Now he's talking about creating the man but he says let them have. So in the mind of God he's going to create a man but he also knows I'm going to make a woman out of man. So he said let them have dominion. God he has such amazing foresight. Everything he does in creation he said let that be and he did it and then he stood back and said oh that's good that's good. He might have said oh I'm good I believe I don't know I don't know but he said let them have dominion. Coming from the Hebrew word rada meaning to rule to reign to prevail to dominate. Dominate over the fish of the sea the fowl of the air the cattle the whole earth and everything that creepeth upon the earth. So God has given dominion to man over his works that he has created. And then God said so let us make man and he made man and his name was Adam and he was the father of all mankind and this was God's original plan for man to dominate in the earth and to rule this was his plan. This was his plan for man and this was his plan for us. You need to understand that you have been born again but God has created you or recreated you to have dominion over. But there's always a but but but the problem was what had happened was Adam had a fall and as a result of that fall all of mankind had a fall and Adam having fallen forfeited his dominion and because Adam forfeited his dominion we forfeit our dominion because we all fell in Adam. It's Adam's fault but this is what I like it says and at the appointed time God chose a people to be his people. God chose a people to be his very own. God chose Israel turned to Deuteronomy chapter seven Deuteronomy chapter seven he says with our order holy people love to the Lord thy gods and the Lord that God has chosen thee to be a special people unto himself above all the people upon the face of the earth. So the Lord did not say his love upon you or choose you because you were more in number than in his. A matter of fact you were few among all and what he's saying is you were nothing special.  And everything God told me to do, I'm gonna do it. Everything that he said I could be, I'm gonna be that. This is my time. This is my time to win. This is my time to celebrate. I'm the head and not the tail. I'm above and not beneath. I've got victory. I've got victory. You've got victory. You've got victory. So walk in your victory today. Yes, I messed up. Yes, I blew it.  But I repented. I repented. I got it right. See, that's sometimes, that's what you gotta do when you mess up and God repents you. Repents you and get it right. I repented and got it right. Sister Merley, and I'm reclaiming my time. Tell somebody I'm reclaiming my time. I lost some time, but I'm taking it back. The enemy did something, but I'm taking it back. The enemy tried to stop me, but I'm taking it back. I got victory. I got breakthrough. I got healing. God has a plan, a good plan for your life. You need to know it ain't over until it's over. It ain't over until you win. It ain't over until you got the victory. You need to know that the best is still yet to come in your life. God has a plan. Now Barbara said, weeping may endure for night. You may be going through it tonight. But joy, but joy, but joy is coming in the morning. It's time for joy. It's time for healing. It's time for breakthrough. It's time for deliverance. Someone said it won't always be like this. Said God's gonna perfect some things. He's gonna move some things. He's gonna fix some things.   I don't know how he's gonna do it. I don't know when he's gonna do it. But sooner or later, I don't care how long it's been. But sooner or later, I don't care how you suffered. Sooner or later, it's gonna turn in your favor. He's gonna bring it out. So rejoice. Celebrate. Shout out to God with the voice of triumph. God's bringing you into a new season. A season of healing. A season of prosperity. A season of deliverance. Your season is just about here.  He's gonna do some things you never thought he would do. So I want you to know as the musicians come that God has a plan for your life. God still wants to bless you. God still wants to use you. God still wants to bring you out. Even if you missed it, just like the children of Israel, they missed it and they were down in captivity. But God says, I know the thoughts that I'm thinking for you. Even though I know you sinned and got caught up into some things that you shouldn't have. This doesn't have to be the end of your story. Young people, middle-aged people, who said old people? Thank you. I'm 66, I'm a junior senior. I'm not quite a senior yet. I'm a junior senior. And we got a few real seniors in the house. But God still has a plan for your life. As long as you have breath in your body, God wants to use you. There's something that you can do for the kingdom of God. But your expectations have to believe God is not through with me yet. He wants to use you. He wants to bless you. And he wants you to turn around and bless somebody else. God bless you. Say yes to the word of God. Yes. Yes to the word of God. It will be the greatest value to each of us is to hear the voice of the Lord. And when we hear the voice of the Lord, the only thing that we should think about is obeying what He said. What a wonderful message. Encouraging message to know that the Lord doesn't throw us on the heap at the very minute when we do something out of His will. The Lord loves us. And I say that we're His greatest creation, mankind. And He loves us. Elder Ross said that out of the appointed time, things are gonna turn around. Come on, somebody. This caught my spirit, it just turned my spirit over. Jeremiah 29, 11, I know the thoughts. Yes. Then he said, then, he said, then shall ye call upon me. And ye shall go and pray unto me and I will hearken. It's conditional. I have thoughts of you, but it won't come true. Tell you, do what's necessary. Verse 12 said, then shall ye call upon me and ye shall go and pray unto me and I will hearken unto you. And ye shall seek me and find me. When ye shall search for me with all your heart. The Lord wants your heart, not just a part. He wants all of your heart. He wants you to say, I'll take Jesus for mine. You can have the whole round world, but give me Jesus for my part. Let us stand. God's promises are true. We can trust Him. No matter where we are, what our condition is, you can trust God to keep His promise because He loves us, but He wants obedience. It won't always be like this. I will prevent that concern. Sooner is required is repentance. Tell God your Godly sorrowful for your sins. The pit, then be baptized in water in Jesus' name. And the promise after that is ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. A free gift is there one today who's heard the voice of Jesus. And it's your determination to get it right. The Lord said, I'll help you. I'll hear you when you pray. I'll hear when you call out for my assistance. All right, the altar is open for any needs. Turning around to cause us to be victorious according to His word. Thank the Lord for the service on today. At this point in time, it's time for us to receive our offering and our tithes. Promise that goes with tithing. Promise that if we would pay our tithes and then give Him an offering, see the tithes is what we owe Him. And He said, after you give me what you owe me, He said, give me a tip, tell me what you think about. See, I'm not young like this fellow right here. He said, the Lord said, break me off a piece. He said that if we pay our tithes and giving Him an offering, He would open the windows of heaven and pour out a blessing that you're unable to receive. I like those kind of promises. Thank you, Jesus. And I'll further thank the Lord that He helped me to embrace what He said there. There are people who want to argue about tithes, this or that is wrong is right or whatever. But I thank the Lord because He's softened my heart. For those who don't know me, I grew up in a family with 16 children and we were taught to pay tithes. No, I'm bowing my head because it took me a little longer than it took some of the others. But I learned to tie. Ever since I've been married to that young lady right there, we had no problem whether or not we're gonna pay tithes or not. Her family was 12 strong. Her daddy was a bishop. And so I can testify that it works. God has been so faithful. God has been so faithful. He brought me further than I could ever have dreamed in my youth and I'm glad about it. He said, I'll pour out a blessing on you that you're not able to receive. He pours out so much blessings on me, it rolls over onto my kids. And then He said, I'll revoke the devour for your sake. And I testify to that. He's revoking the devourer for my sake. Amen, my wife has gone through, this is her second time through cancer. She should have been gone a long time, but God, God always keeps His promise. I take her to all her appointments and I'm glad that I make the appointments so I can know firsthand. See sometimes you might ask somebody who's near and dear to you, so how I think, well, it's all right. No, they're hiding something. I go and sit there with the doctors. The last doctor's appointment we went to was a surgeon who had promised her that she had stage four cancer. Said, if anything else happened, we can't do nothing about it. We're not gonna do anything. And my wife said, all right, we'll see.  She had a dim light to cast. We wouldn't receive it. That's right. Thank you, Jesus. Well, when she went to her oncologist after that surgeon had talked so negative towards her, oncologist says, I'm gonna do everything I can to keep you alive. And she was planning on giving her chemotherapy again while wife was dreading it, but she found out that they had run a test on her and they found that appeal would accomplish what? Radiation. And chemotherapy. She couldn't have radiation again, however. She said, but it might be a little costly, but I'll see what I can do. And so she said, my wife said, well, when can I get the medicine? She said, you can get it today. I ordered it. You can pick it up in Pasadena. And when the medicine came, my wife started taking it.  And she said, well, I'm thinking maybe like $2,000. I can make that. When it came back, she looked at the figures and the pills cost $16,000 a month. But God is good. We'd be in the poor house shortly at $16,000 a month. We have to, our co-pay is $5. One, two, three, four, $5. I can rest in Jesus. I'm going to say it. I don't know if she'll outlive me. She might outlive me. And the last time I went to the doctor, the doctor said, I was doing fine. Don't change nothing you're doing. But see, I don't know. The power of God might make her be 103. All right. Amen. All right, that's my testimony. I didn't intend to do all that, do all that. But I think, no, I know that when the Lord does something for you, especially when it's fantastic, something that he's done is fantastic, you need to talk about that. And so, we used to have testimony service in church. We don't do that no more because we don't have enough time. Let us stand and receive the offering. Y'all, excuse me, will y'all forgive me? Let us raise our offering to the Lord, internal God, our Father who art in heaven. We thank you, oh God, for your goodness, for your mercy, for your long suffering and your kindness unto us. We thank you for the opportunity to serve you. We thank you, oh God, because we're able to support your ministry in this place, in long be shield of faith. Thank you, oh God, for giving us the desire, helping us to understand, be obedient to your word. And I ask you to bless it, oh God. Each one, oh God, that contributes, bless them in a special way. We thank you, we praise you, and we give you a glory and honor in Jesus' name, amen. You may come.


Welcome everybody. So let me start. First of all, what we are trying to do in open air among several other activities is on the technical side is to build this open air resource graph. Just to contextualize a little, the idea is the one of materializing what we call the open science graph. So the open science graph is intended here as the metadata graph that researchers are everyday building when they store. They deposit their scientific products, their digital scientific products into repositories worldwide or into the publishers website. In the publishers repositories, of course, when they have a paper accepted or when the deposit resource data somewhere or the software and so on. And when they do this, they describe these objects with metadata, which most of the time unfortunately not always as we would like. They also specify links to other objects which are not necessarily stored in the same data source. Whenever we do this as researchers, we act like this. We are implicitly building this graph, what we call the open science graph. So we are interconnecting these objects. We're also interconnecting them with real world entities when we use an orchid ID. For example, we're also specifying that an object is authored by a given author, or we can link them to the research funding behind it or the finder behind it. So even if we deposit a single unit, a single product somewhere in our local repository, we are implicitly taking part in building this huge graph. So what open air is trying to do is to collect all this metadata and links worldwide and materialize this graph. So the magic of this is once the graph is materialized, of course, you can build several applications on top. So on the left side of this picture, you see the high level. So the view from the moon of the data model of open air. So this is just to let you know that we have this notion of product, which is a scientific product. So the results of a scientific process like research activities, which we classified into publications, namely literature. So objects that you read intended for humans to read. Research data, which are intended as the kind of objects that can be processed by an algorithm, by a service, by a process in general. So they're intended for machines in general, although sometimes they can also be read, for example, in the XML, but that's the idea. Software is infectively code. So is what you can compile or interpret, you know, to run your program. So it's different from research data and it's different from literature. And other research products are those that do not fall into these three categories. So the kind of objects that you can find out there like workflows, protocols, and many others, which are mainly community specific. So they have a naming and an understanding that is typical of a community. So we, what we try to do here is to come up with a model that would at least identify the entities that are common across different disciplines. So they have a common understanding across different disciplines. Well, in other research products, we tend to place everything that at least gives us a doubt. So of course, anytime we can try to dig in into the other research products and come up with another entity, which we believe to be cross discipline enough. We have experimented for example with virtual machines that's another kind of class, but we were not successful in the sense that there are different namings and not so many stored out there to justify an independent entity type. So this product, as you notice, we also keep track of the source, which is the source where the product has been stored or the source from which we collected the metadata about the product. And then we have linked to projects projects are linked to funding and funding streams engines in general, and the founder, giving example the founder being the commission, the funding being age 2020 and the project being open air advance, for example. Organizations as you can, as you can see are linked to projects because they are beneficiaries of projects and grants, but they're also linked directly to products so there's no author in between. Okay, so we are associating a product to the an organization if an author of this product affiliates is affiliated to the organization. This is very useful for us for monitoring reasons. Community communities are for us, a very abstract concept that in general we used to say, put together a number of objects which are somehow related with each other in terms of this notion of community so the community can be something very discipline oriented. And in this case, we try to identify the chunk of the graph that is related with this discipline. So for example, the projects related with, I don't know, with European marine science, which we have together with all the publications data software, etc. And so we are related with it together with all the sources that are working this context and so on, but it can be something else. So for example, it can be an initiative of which you would like to measure the research impact. So we have such examples like EGI, EGI European Grid Infrastructure. This is not identifying any discipline. In fact, there's a horizontal infrastructure. And then we identified some part of the graph, which is related with this initiative. Okay, and that's for research impact measurement. How do we build this graph? First of all, we harvest. So it's really collecting metadata from the sources. We have around 10,000 sources from which we collect today. Secondly, we are also following another, let's say another would say crosswalk compared to the past. So we are looking into the research infrastructures, which in Europe are, let's say the electronic and networking systems so made of people and services that are used by a specific discipline to realize and perform everyday science. Okay, so here we have a few examples. And in this case, we try to dig into there because in several cases these research infrastructure have services used by scientists to perform experiments. They actually have digital objects, but they don't store them, right? So they don't publish them. So what we try to do is to catch these kind of services and bridge them to the open air research graph in order for these objects to be revealed out to the world and be interlinked with the rest. And that's to facilitate reproducibility, for example. So we may have the digital representation of an experiment, link to the input data, link to the output data, which we actually assign a DOI thanks to the position to Zenodo and publish in the graph. And this was never done before. Okay, so that's a step ahead with respect to the past. So when we collect the metadata, and this is in very original form, of course, this is not enough to build a graph. So the metadata has to be harmonized. So towards a common understanding of format, vocabulary, and so on. It needs to be duplicated, because in several cases we collect the same metadata records, so describing the same object from different sources. And these metadata records are different. One may be richer than the other, for example, or may specify information in different languages and so on. Then we perform a lot of mining. So the idea is that when we can, we collect also the PDFs behind and the full text behind the metadata record. So we are collecting today around 12 millions open access, sometimes straight from the metadata records because the data source allows us to do so. Sometimes, thanks to face to face and bilateral agreements with the publishers which provide us with their data, we can return back information to them. And via mining, we actually do, we actually enrich a lot this graph. So we obtain metadata information and links between the records that are not provided anywhere out there. Namely, links between projects and product, links between products and products, like publications linked to software, publications linked to research data, or links between products and communities and organizations and so on. So we tend to enrich. On top of this graph, then we offer a number of applications, but others can build their own added value, right, applications. We build tools for monitoring. For example, research impact with respect to a thunder with respect to a community with respect to an organization. But we also offer services to share and interconnect for the resource communities. So the community point of view. So in order to identify the the products and the research entities in general related with the community. We also provide APIs through which you can download the graph, play with it and possibly give us feedback. Okay. The graph will be used to offer the scientific product catalog for the US. So the idea is that the US will provide several, of course, scientific product catalogs, but this one will be probably the broader and largest. Okay. Being cross-disciplined. So, what is the open resource graph? So it's about metadata. So we are collecting metadata and links between the metadata. So, namely, the links between the objects described by such metadata. It's about scientific products. It contains information about open access. So when an object is open access, if not, or at least degree, is linked to funding information and resource communities. So you can see these are the properties out there. So it's open, complete, the duplicated, transparent, participatory, decentralized and trusted. Let me go through this one at a time. So first of all, it's open. We mean that we want to export it as CC0 as much as possible. The reason for this is it's not possible because, and we have to expose it at CC buy because some of the sources imply that. So the metadata that we collect obeys to stricter copyrights. Complete. Complete because we try to include in the graph all sources. These are just samples that we believe are trusted by the scientists. So try scientists use them, use them to find information, use them to store information. If there is one of such sources, we want to have it in the graph. Okay. So examples here are from the open citations to the Microsoft academics and paywall data site cross ref it is a whole arcade, for example, for research entities. But we have many. So the thematic repositories, data sources from the research infrastructures, old publishers in general, especially if no patient open access aggregators greed, for example, for the organizations with the data for directory of sources and so on. When we collected, we wanted to be the duplicated. So the logic behind it in simple terms is that when we find a set a group of right of records that we believe are the same and we do this by matching of course, we want to merge them. So we obtain only one object out of them. And we preserve, of course, the provenance of all the objects that have contributed to this. Okay. And include all the information that we can obtain from these records. So we build a potentially richer record. Thanks to the union of the information coming from the rest. Participatory we want everybody who's willing to participate to the graph so to offer the metadata content providers so they can come and offer the metadata we classify them. According to taxonomy, which I'm not going to describe here but you can access the graph also taking into account. If you want, for example, an institutional repository or data repository or an aggregator of institutional repositories or whatever. Okay. Transparent. We keep provenance as I just mentioned, and we keep also a level of we call it trust so reliability indicators. This record has information about where it comes from. If it if he's obtained from different sources we have all of them. And the level of the fields we know if this field has been in third, for example, by a mining algorithms and when, and we have a level of trust. So for each field we we claim also how confident we are about the reliability of this field based of course on double checking and a validation process of the algorithms. Okay. So that is provided as a number between zero and one. So you can also view the graph potentially based on the level of trust that you want to assume to be minimal. The centralized that's another important thing this is this graph is intended to be public good. Okay, so we are building it today, but at some point, hopefully not but open air may sees his activities and in this case. So the idea is from now to that moment to redistribute the content of the graph to the original sources. So we do this by exchanging information with other graph. Similar to ours, but we also do it using brokering services. So it broke the broker service that we have is capable of given a data source, who's providing metadata to open air is capable of returning to this metadata source. So we found in open air that wasn't available at the original record, and the original data source can actually subscribe to special kinds of enrichments for example, give me the device that I don't have or give me the open access URLs versions that I don't have links to the data sets that I don't have and so on give me the links to the projects. Okay, this kind of subscriptions can be created in open air and in return open air will notify the content provider administrator with the list of enrichments at the level of the records just to be clear. So for each record we can tell you, you can find this and this and this for you to reach it. Okay. This is going on in this very moment so we are becoming an ORCID member. This means that in next year, soon next year hopefully, users will be able to, well today they can log in using the ORCID account but they cannot visualize their profile. We'll include ORCID profiles of users into open air. This means that the model that you've seen before will include authors and especially ORCID authors. This will allow us to do a number of things. First of all, as an author, as an ORCID ID authors you'll be able to send your documents which you claim to be yours, your scientific products to your ORCID profiles and here in the open air graph you have the view of everything out there. So all the data, all the products, all the scientific products potentially assigned to you are there so you have a global overview. Okay. The other important thing is that thanks to what we call the merge and the propagation techniques that I'll show you later, we can actually recommend a lot of results, scientific results which are not today in ORCID to the authors. The authors can actually take advantage of this and then reach their ORCID profile. And in doing this, they're actually double checking our work so they can also tell us no guys, you're wrong. So you assume this article is mine, the ORCID ID that is specified here is mine but is wrong. So these will actually help us to build more trust around the graph and more precision. Okay. So populating the graph. The idea here is we harvest, okay, but we don't, we're not harvesting as we used to do and as many others are doing today. The basic conditions under harvesting are typically assuming that all objects coming from a data source, especially in the scholarly communication domain are of a given type. For example, you collect from an institutional repository. So what you get are publications. You collect from fixed share what you get is data, is data, right. You collect from GitHub and what you get is software. This is generally not true. So I would say the 100%, no, but maybe very close to 100% of the repositories out there or the archives are hybrid. So we have several hybrid repository, especially in the public domain. So when I collect from an institutional repository and I will likely find software data and other things, not only articles, okay. So what we're doing in open air, sorry, is to consider every single source as a hybrid, potentially hybrid source. So we do a fine-grained classification. So when we collect an object, we know what the original source, we know what the resource type and we try to map this resource type, given the original data source typology into its specific class. So into a publication, a data set or software. This is quite challenging and we're improving it constantly. We have a shared mapping between ontologies which we reach every day and we keep up to date every day. By analyzing the original metadata, for example, identifying the resource type, we haven't yet mapped into one of the meta classes, publications, data software, et cetera, and keeping this mapping up to date. The other, let's say, methodology that we have put in place is the one that I mentioned in the first slide at the beginning. So we are trying to dig into the research infrastructures in the workflows, the experimental workflows they have that scientists use and try to bridge their services, so their thematic services, in order to make them seamlessly publish into open air the digital products they produce. So here is an example. On the left, you have a thematic service that takes the data set and the method plus parameters and produces a data set. Today, most likely, the data sets will be published manually by the author if the data set is mature enough is the author is happy. The author will have to publish it somewhere in a data repository. I don't know if he shared and link it to the article. Okay. In this, what we call a continuous publishing procedure, the thematic service has been modified in order to publish on behalf of the author, the whole experiment. So if the author is happy, what is the result, then by simply ticking an option, as a consequence of this, the thematic service itself, we publish into Zenodo everything. So a representation of the experiment. So a file that represents the experiment itself so claims for the services which were the parameters the time of execution points to the input data set method. If these are published, otherwise also this will be published and points to the result. And the result and the data set will be also published as an independent object with an inverse link to the experiment object. In some of the experimentations that we are performing with EPOS, for example, the digital object representing the experiment can be actually fed back to the thematic service in order to re-execute the experiment. Okay, so the thematic service is also able to interpret this digital object and set itself in order to repeat the experiment because this is what they wanted to do. So if the thematic service does that on your behalf, of course, for the scientist is much simpler, the process is facilitated and the likelihood to have everything published out there for the repetition of the experiment is bigger. And of course, once we publish in Zenodo, Zenodo is into the graph, the open resource graph, so we will be visible from there. Okay, that's the experiment I just mentioned. Now, we're not collecting all sources in the same way. And that's because some of them are huge and it does not make sense to collect them and include them in the graph altogether. So we do a lot of preprocessing, especially on the side of links, article data set links, and Crossref because Crossref is the largest collection we have. These two collections are available today. Okay, we publish them every six months, although this is a lie because we didn't manage to publish others every six months. But that's because not because we don't want to, but because it's really in some cases, the deadlines and the kind of activities we are doing. It's really hard to be up to the expectations, but new releases will be out soon this month. Skull Explorer is basically the largest collection of authoritative links between articles and data set worldwide. So we are collecting data site, the whole data site, so links in there, links in the event data, which are the ones coming from the publishers towards the data set, and links from MBOLIBI. So we're collecting the whole collection of links. And we are putting them together, also the ones from OpenAir, because some of the links actually come from the repositories or from the mining that we have. So we have 400 million links bilateral links. So it's 900 and whatever, 60. Okay. So it's a lot of stuff. And this is, of course, an open service. So you can actually use the API to resolve links. So you can send to the API a DOI and get back the list of objects linked to this DOI, or you can send a PDB and get the back, the list of article DOI is linked to it. This is a service used today by old publishers, most publishers, by Scopus. So it's the same, very useful for the business as well. And of course, you can download the collection and play with it. Do your experiments. The DOI boost instead is the Union of Crossref, Unpayable, Microsoft Academic Graphs, and Orchid ADs, and the Orchid. Okay. So the idea is that we start from Crossref as a P vote collection. And we attach to it all the open access version coming from Paywall, all the richer information coming from Microsoft Academics, for example, the subjects, the abstracts, the affiliations, the Orchid ADs, the Microsoft Academic ADs, etc. And from Orchid, we attach the Orchid ADs to the Crossref. Okay. So since every Orchid AD has a list of publications, we basically build the inverted index. So for each publication, we build a list of Orchid ADs linked to it. And we merge it with Crossref, obtaining actually quite interesting results. We enrich, of course, Crossref, the number of Orchid ADs in Crossref, thanks to this process. We have around 85 million publication records, and that's due to the fact that some of the publications in Crossref are quite poor. So we exclude them from the processing. They're completely missing data, dates, or authors, or sorts of stuff. Context propagation. So once we build the graph, using the original metadata that I just mentioned to you, the original links, the original metadata records, the duplication, and so on. We're not over yet. We're not finished because there are other interesting things that we can do. We can actually propagate in the graph information. These are just three examples. Okay. So for example, the top subgraph that you can see, if I have a project, and I know that a product is funded by this project, then if the product is linked with a supplemented by relationship to another product, I can easily include the association to the project to the second product. For example, publication linked to a data set. I know the publication is linked to a project. If the publication is supplemented by the data set, then the data set is associated to the project. And I can follow up with this kind of conclusions also with organizations, for example, right? That's pretty easy, especially if I know if the authors are the same between the two products. I can propagate the country. And that's another interesting perspective. I can actually tag every single product with a country tag, and I can propagate this country tag, and therefore obtain implicitly an aggregation at the country level. Okay, so the chunk of the graph that links all objects to the country. That's very interesting because it goes actually beyond the notion of national aggregators that we have today. So today, if you want to be the national aggregator, you collect content from the repositories, right? But there's much more beyond that. For example, in open air you can find old products which are linked to a national project. Okay, these are implicitly associated to the country. And through propagation, you can really broaden the number of objects linked to a country. The same you can do with orchid IDs. You can propagate orchid IDs. So following the example on top, if you know that a product is associated to a list of orchid IDs, and is linked to another product where the author names are the same, there's a probability is very high that the orchid IDs can be propagated, especially if all names match the names of the first products. Okay, that's typical in the relationship between publications and datasets in many domains. The author set is often the same. So thanks to these context propagation mechanism, and of course, including a level of trust, because the trust is not the same whenever we do propagation, it lowers and goes down. We can enrich the graph and make it even more useful for the world. Today, you can see two graphs in open air. One is the one in production, which is under explore.openair.eu. And this graph is smaller than the one we have in beta. And that's because we are showing the open access subset of the graph. And this is due to the fact that open air since recently focused mainly on open access content acquisition policies. So we were quite strict on that. In beta, what you see are the open science content acquisition policies, new ones published in Zenodo, if you want to take a look at them, it's a document. Explore everything is included. So the numbers are much higher because of that. And in order to access it, you have to go to beta.explore.openair.eu. Just add a beta dot in front, and you obtain our beta services. We have a number of layer zones going on with Microsoft Research, with Unpaywall, with Orchid, we're becoming members. And we also have several activities in RDA, where we are discussing how these graphs, so research graphs in general, no less graphs about research should be noted to exchange information. We strongly believe in this. I mean, this is the mission of open air, right? So it's very important for this graph to interoperate because behind each of these graphs, there are skills and knowledge that can contribute to each other missions. Okay. It's not possible for one single initiative to achieve everything out there. So we need to cooperate. And I really believe that this is a very special season for scholarly communication because we are moving to an open science framework. And since we are coming from, I think, a dark era where the giants like the big publishers were basically dominating whatever we were doing, especially in terms of sharing scholarly communication, evaluating scholarly communication, I think today we have a chance to take it back in our hands, right? It's clear the fact that the same guys, the same big guys, want to move over. So they're moving towards data, they're moving towards reproducibility. I think we should not make this happen, okay? So collaborate with these guys because they're still important, but making sure that whatever we produce belongs to us and making sure that we are the ones who should actually validate what is valuable and what is not. Okay. So these graphs are actually key for us, for the researchers, for the future of scholarly communication. And we should intend them as such, okay? We should be patient and build them together, improve them together. This is why we have now started an open consultation from the graph. Actually, it's November. We hope to be October. So I had to update this slide. And you can find in beta.explore.openair.eu a link to a Trello installation. Through the Trello installation, you'll be able to check several things. On the one hand, the roadmap. So what is going to happen to the graph, what is happening, and what has happened to the graph. So the kind of enrichment we're going to and improvements we're going to process in the near future and we are currently processing. On the right side instead, as you can see, you have ways to provide your feedback. So we thought of organizing this in terms of the entities. So you have the publications, the data sets, the software, the other research products, the organizations, and so on, to go to the right. And after them, you can give us very detailed feedback on what you found wrong or as bad. And this will help us at improving the graph and make it a better object for our own good. So, for example, you can write a comment on a specific activity here is metadata errors in publication metadata. Okay. Very, very important for all of us. Okay, so thank you very much. My final remarks were the ones that I just mentioned. So it's not because there's none, but because I wanted to really recommend that in general as scientists we should pursue this logic of sharing and transparency. So we should not rely on these mechanisms that that exist already, or on new ones that publishers may provide. Okay, so thank you very much. So if you have any questions. Gwen. I think there is a question the question and answer box. Okay. Yes, I can see, I can see one. Okay. So. Yes. That's a long story. That's a long story. So they're not there today. They will be soon. And that's because they what you can find today in terms of citation because we have citations are the citations that we have inferred from the articles. So in the articles, we identified the bibliography at the end of the articles, and we actually identify the elements of the geography that have a match in our graph. So you will find a link from the bibliography to the objects in our graph, but the bibliography is intended as, let's say, as a property of the record. Okay, so these are not intended as relationships as the rest. So it's, it's not integrated as a normal relationship and it cannot be browsed as such. These will become relationships very soon. And we provide this relationship to open citations, and we'll include the relationships that we already have from open citations in the graph. Today, you can find links to open citations in every single record. So if you if you go to a record you can find a link to the citations in open citations. The next phase will merge these contributions from our friends of open citations, and we'll include our contributions into theirs. So the graph, yes, would include everything that is a citation and that is openly available. Okay. The question was regarding the links products to product is this include in citations. So that was my answer. We partly have them, but again they're not represented as citations but as properties. And very soon we'll make sure that we'll become citations. You're welcome. Any other question. Don't be shy. I'll be here anyway so you know my name. And. Okay organizations institutions as affiliations. Okay. We have we what we keep our links between products, say, a data set and the organizations of the authors of that product. This is key, for example, to measure the research impact of an organization. Okay, and that's the next step. How do we do that for several reasons. So why don't we include the author in the chain for several reasons. The first one being that metadata doesn't in general provide that. So data site does, but the majority of the metadata we collect from regular repositories like institutional repositories thematic repositories from the publishers doesn't include that. The second aspect is also because via mining is pretty easy to find an organization in the header of a paper. It's harder to find the organizations linked to the author links to the link to the to the paper itself. So we decided to go for this in the beginning because it's a pragmatically very useful and across the different use cases. It can be acquired as a piece of information. The API already working for the beta version. I leave a lesson to reply that I think we only have dumps, which are being increasingly produced. Data API working. We have. Yes, the way I PMH API of beta, which are working. I'm not sure if we have added the link in the documentation page for that. However, I would like to strongly suggest to use the the dumps that are available on Zenodo, because the graph is very huge. So I think it's better for for developers and users to get the dump on work directly with the dump. Yeah, but I will make sure that the link to the IPMH is available on the documentation page. There's another question from the adranca, which is do you plan to link organizations with funders? Well, funders are considered as organizations of a special kind. I'm not sure which kind of links you would like to refer to. You mean projects maybe rather than funders. So today, funders are linked to funding streams. And of course a funder the commission itself is an organization. They have a jurisdiction. So we know they refer for example to a country or to Europe or to us. So we have 29 funders today. And for each of them we collect the projects. And for each project of each funder we try to mine into the publication to find the links. And we find I think around 400,000 links. So it's a lot of stuff in terms of enriching the original graph. This information is not available of course in the metadata in the 90% of cases 99% of cases. And it's interesting also to, for example, to identify double funding. Well, quadruple finding, tentable finding because we have cases where we have like six, seven funders for one article. And it's quite interesting to investigate. Antonia Correa, we use grid. We use grid identifiers, but we go beyond. The problem, of course I couldn't go into every single detail, but the problem is quite challenging because we collect organizations from different sources and they tend to use different IDs. Okay, so the commission use peak IDs. And since we are serving the commission, we have to keep the peak IDs. When we collect organizations from open door, for example, they have their own understanding of what their organization is. And the same holds for other sources for all funders in general, every funder has organizations inside and they have their own understanding. So we had to deal with the duplication of organization. And that's pretty hard to do. So what we did is to and we are doing it in this very moment. So today, if you go to the website, you will find a duplication, right? So and the duplication is not necessarily correct all the time, but the hardest part is that it's not stable. So every time we run again, the duplication, this may vary, right? So what we're building today is a database that stabilizes the results of this duplication. So we store somewhere the results of the duplication and we curate them. And then this database, they say the validated part is included again in the duplication and always wins, right? So we can only enrich it. And we have a number of curators, namely the nodes, we'll actually give them an account so they can work at the national level to fix actually to cross bridge different IDs. So ISNI is already there because it's part of grid wringled as well. And they will be able to bridge it to pick IDs to open door IDs and so on. And this database, of course, will be public so anybody can access it and take advantage of it. So the format in the data is the format in OpenAir. Well, we expose it today in different ways from ranging from XML to JSON and it obeys to a data model. And this data model can vary depending on the formats and is always available. We export the links, Skoll Explorer as a JSON that obeys to this Skollix format, which is a format defined in RDA for the exchange of links. And when we export the full XML of OpenAir, these XML based to metadata format that is of course made available and described together with the collection. Well, we also have linked OpenData. Think OpenData is available, but it's a subset for the moment of the graph. And we'll make available the whole set thanks to work that is being done in Athens, which is University of Athens, to provide a scalable technology for linked OpenData. Because you may understand that the graph with what we have today almost 200 million objects expanded in linked OpenData can be quite compelling. We already have the SparkQL endpoint, so you can go to lod.openair.u. And as I mentioned, this is only a subset for the moment. Because VIRT was a dozen scale up to our numbers. But again, Maria, we are trying to do better. So we are actually developing technologies to make this available, fully available as linked OpenData. Okay, so thank you all really. It's really important that you showed up today and you had all these questions and really keep on asking questions and send us your complaints, send us over your doubts, because it's actually very important. We want these to be ours. I mean, in the sense of all of us including you. Okay.


This is FDA Patient Safety News. In this edition, two new drugs to treat metastatic colorectal cancer, more information on antidepressants and suicidality, a recall of certain patient lifts, and teaching patients to use epinephrine injectors. These stories and more on this edition of FDA Patient Safety News. Welcome to the program. For the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, I'm Mark Barnett. And I'm Anita Reiner. Let's start with some medical products FDA recently approved. FDA recently approved two new drugs to treat metastatic colorectal cancer. One of them is Avastin or Bevacizumab, manufactured by Genentech Incorporated, and the other is Herbitux or Satuxumab, manufactured by Imclone Systems Incorporated. Both of these drugs are monoclonal antibodies given intravenously, but they work by targeting different proteins. Avastin, an angiogenesis inhibitor, binds to VEGF, or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, which stimulates the formation of new blood vessels. It's believed that once it's bound, the VEGF is no longer able to stimulate new vessel formation, and this can delay tumor growth. Herbitux binds to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, or EGFR, a protein that plays a role in regulating cell growth. It's believed that when Herbitux is bound to the receptor, this blocks the Epidermal Growth Factor from binding to the cancer cells, thus blocking their growth. These two drugs are used as part of different treatment regimens and at different stages of treatment. Avastin is given as initial treatment for metastatic colon cancer in combination with the standard three-drug IFL treatment. Herbitux is given to patients whose tumors are no longer responding to standard treatment. It's used with ironotacan, or if patients can't tolerate ironotacan, it's used alone. In a clinical trial, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who were treated with Avastin in combination with IFL survived about five months longer than control patients who were receiving IFL alone. Although treatment with Herbitux has not yet been shown to increase patient survival, it did delay tumor growth, especially when used as a combination treatment. Treatment with these drugs can cause a range of side effects, some of them serious. For example, rare but serious side effects with Avastin include gastrointestinal perforation, impaired wound healing, hemoptysis, and internal bleeding. Herbitux can also cause serious side effects, usually during infusion of the first dose. These can include airway obstruction and hypotension. FDA recently approved a miniaturized ventricular assist device for children ages 5 to 16 who are awaiting a heart transplant. The device, which is called the DeBakey VAD Child and manufactured by Micromet technology, may allow children with severe left ventricular failure to survive long enough to receive the transplant. While similar ventricular assist devices have been approved for use in adults, this is the first one for children. It was approved under what's called a Special Humanitarian Device Exemption, a mechanism through which FDA can make certain devices quickly available on a limited basis for patients with rare medical conditions. It's estimated that fewer than 100 children per year will be candidates for the new device. In a previous edition of FDA Patient Safety News, we told you about FDA's ongoing review of a possible increased risk of suicidal thinking and suicide attempts in pediatric patients being treated with various antidepressants. Although this review is still underway, FDA has now sent a new advisory to healthcare professionals. The advisory describes new warnings about the need to closely observe both children and adults on antidepressants. The trade names of the drugs that are the focus of this labeling change are Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox, Selexa, Lexapro, Wellbutrin, Afexer, Surzone, and Remeron. The advisory says to carefully monitor patients on these drugs for possible worsening depression or emergent suicidality, and this is especially important at the beginning of treatment or when the dose is either increased or decreased. Now, does that mean that the FDA believes that taking these drugs can cause an increased risk of suicidality? No, a causal link hasn't been established between these drugs and suicidality. Suicidal thoughts and attempts in these patients could be due to the underlying disease condition or might be due to the drug. Now, I'm assuming that a patient whose first experience with suicidal thoughts occurs after starting on one of these drugs would be a prime candidate for monitoring. Yes, they would be, but there are other groups that should also be evaluated to determine whether their drug therapy should be discontinued or perhaps modified in some way. For example, patients whose depression becomes persistently worse or whose suicidality is severe or abrupt in onset. The advisory also points out that patients should be observed for anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, and other behavioral symptoms known to be associated with antidepressant therapy. Although FDA hasn't concluded that these symptoms are a precursor to worsening depression or suicidal impulses, patients who experience these symptoms may be at increased risk. Again, therapy should be evaluated and medications may need to be stopped in patients with symptoms that are severe, abrupt in onset, or weren't part of the patients presenting symptoms. Now, everything you said so far about monitoring the patient has to do with the practitioner. But with these drugs, I'm assuming the patient has a role to play too in monitoring how they're feeling. Absolutely. Patients have a role and family members have a role. Remember, many of these patients are children, so parents can play a very important part. In any case, patients, family members, and caregivers should be told to look for these kinds of symptoms or suicidal thoughts and report them immediately to healthcare providers. You can get a copy of FDA's full advisory on our website. FDA recently announced that certain battery operated patient lifts are being recalled by their distributor because they can break during use and endanger patients. The lift in question is called the FABORG person lift. It's manufactured in Denmark and distributed in the U.S. by Moving Solutions. Over 800 of these lifts have been sold in this country. The problem occurs when the bolt that secures the lift arm to the main frame breaks. This can cause the patient to fall and possibly cause the lift arm to fall on the patient as well. One death has been reported because of this failure in the bolt. In January, Moving Solutions notified users of the problem, and they included a nylon washer to be inserted over the bolt. At this point, FDA is investigating whether the washer is going to correct the problem. In the meantime, FDA is advising all facilities that have FABORG battery operated person lifts to stop using them. Major pharmaceuticals, a drug distributor, is recalling certain lots of the company's OTC nasal decongestant. Some of the recalled lots are contaminated with Burkholderia sapatia, which could cause potentially life-threatening infections when used by patients with compromised immune systems, particularly those with cystic fibrosis. The recalled spray is sold over the counter in 15 and 30 milliliter bottles. The label says major soothing twice a day 12-hour nasal spray decongestant, regular oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.05%, distributed by major pharmaceuticals, LaVonia, Michigan. Ten lots of this product are currently being recalled. If you stock this product or have patients who use it, go to our website to find the lot numbers that were recalled. Check this information against the lot number found on the bottom of the carton and on the back of the bottle label. You can find additional information and instructions on how to return the recalled product on our website. Now a warning about the drug Zyprexa, or Olanzapine, made by Eli Lillian Company. Zyprexa is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The warning section of the drug's label now describes cerebrovascular adverse events. These have occurred in elderly patients being treated for dementia-related psychosis in clinical trials. These events, some of them fatal, have included stroke and TIAs. The labeling reminds practitioners that Zyprexa has not been approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis. FDA has issued a public health notification reminding surgeons that absorbable hemostatic agents can cause neurological damage if they're applied on or near a bony or neural space and left in the patient. Since 1996, FDA has received more than 100 reports of adverse events with absorbable hemostatic agents, 11 of which resulted in paralysis or neural deficits. Mark, what's the connection between using one of these hemostatic agents and paralysis? Well, the common thread in all of those 11 cases was that the absorbable hemostatic agent was applied on or near a bony or neural space and it was left in the patient. Once it was wet, the material swelled and then it exerted pressure on the spinal cord or other neural structures. In some cases, blood pooled behind the material and formed a hematoma that exerted pressure on neural tissue. Now, you said 11 reports of neurological damage and that's not that large a number considering how often these products are used. Well, that's right. These are rare events, but they have grave consequences and the most important thing is that they're largely preventable. Hemostatic agent recommends two specific steps to reduce the risk. First, when you're using an absorbable hemostatic agent on or near bony or neural spaces, use only the minimum amount necessary to achieve hemostasis. And second, remove as much of the material as possible after hemostasis is achieved. Recent articles have warned health professionals about dangerous mix-ups between opium tincture and paragoric. Since 1997, FDA has received eight reports of medication errors involving these two drugs. Three of them were fatal and three others required medical treatment. The danger stems from the fact that opium tincture is 25 times more concentrated than paragoric. So if the practitioner thinks that he or she is ordering paragoric but is actually ordering opium tincture, the patient could receive a large overdose. Well, how can a person be thinking paragoric when they end up ordering opium tincture? The names certainly don't sound alike. Those names don't sound alike, but the key is that each one of them has synonyms, and it's the synonyms that can sound alike and be confusing. Opium tincture, for example, is also called deodorized opium tincture, deodorized tincture of opium, tincture of opium, lotinum, opium, and DTO, which is an abbreviation for deodorized tincture of opium. Paragoric is also called camphorated tincture of opium and tincture of paragoric. So you can see how this confusion of names can lead to errors. For example, some practitioners have prescribed DTO thinking that this abbreviation stands for diluted tincture of opium. What it actually means, deodorized tincture of opium, and as a result, patients have been seriously overdosed. So what's the answer to all this confusion? Well, the main answer is that FDA is going to be working with manufacturers to clarify the labeling to clear up the confusion. In the meantime, it's really important to educate practitioners and staff members to avoid this kind of confusion. One general rule of thumb that can help to prevent errors is to remember that opium tincture is dosed in drops, in other words, in fractions of a milliliter, whereas paragoric is dosed in teaspoons. So any order for opium tincture that specifies teaspoonful doses is likely to be an error. Our website lists a number of additional recommendations to avoid mix-ups between paragoric and opium tincture that hospital pharmacies might want to consider. Millions of people have severe allergies to food, insect venom, drugs, latex, or other allergens. Many of these patients are given epinephrine autoinjectors, such as EpiPen, to use when an anaphylactic reaction occurs. But patients may not always be well-trained on how to use these devices, right? They may not remember what to do in an emergency. So here's a quick, step-by-step review of how to use one widely prescribed brand of injectable epinephrine, the EpiPen, distributed by day. You may want to pass this information onto your patients with severe allergies. Remove the EpiPen from its amber tube. Grasp it with the thumb towards the gray activation cap, but not over it. Remove the cap. Be sure not to touch the black tip at the other end of the EpiPen when it's removed. Hold the autoinjector with the black tip towards the outer thigh. Swing and jab firmly at a 90-degree angle into the outer thigh. Keep it against the thigh for 5 to 10 seconds. Remove the EpiPen and massage the injection site for several seconds. Look at the tip to be sure the needle is visible, and check the small clear window on the EpiPen for the black plunger, indicating that the epinephrine is affected. After using EpiPen, press the needle against a hard surface to bend it back towards the shaft. Then return it to the amber tube. Call 911 and go to an emergency room as soon as possible. Patients should take the used EpiPen with them to the hospital and give it to the physician for inspection and for proper disposal. Go to our website for more information. That's all for this edition of FDA Patient Safety News. Remember, you can get more information on all the stories you've seen here today by visiting our website. We also urge you to use the website to report problems you've encountered with medical products. That's how we learn about problems so we can alert others. We'll be back next month with another edition, so watch for us. Until then, for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, I'm Anita Reiner. And I'm Mark Barnett. See you next time.


Well, football is finally back. Crosby-Irton season opener at two harbors, and the Rangers get on the board here. Eli Wingarner gets the reverse, gonna run a little, then dies for the pylon. Touchdown and cut into the deficit, but two harbors too much tonight. Chad Nordin scores from just a few yards out to extend the lead. All two harbors in this one 35 to six. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


I'll get some food for him, I'll sit with you. Yeah, yeah, let's do it. Masha'Allah. Islamic manners, when we start eating, we always sit like this. Wow! You eat with three, and you have to go from one side. This is according to the holy prophet. You can drop, no problem. Time to learn. No problem, keep dropping, no problem. So I came here in 10 hours driving. Wow, it's really nice. It's small. Very good, perfect. Oh, it's okay. Oh, it's very good. Let's drop him a little bit. Haram Masjid. Yeah, Haram Masjid. Yeah, I will go Haram Masjid. Insha'Allah. Dates to eat. Dates, I like dates. I think this is the most religious city in the world. One of the most... After Mecca. After Mecca, yes. Big mosque. It's really big. Maybe I think here it's 2 kilometers like this. It's a good place to pray for Salahullah and his family. You can see from here... You can see from here... Mashallah. Do you make a buddhub? Yeah, already, yeah. This is Samzan, if you want to drink Samzan. Oh, I want to drink Samzan. We inter, we pray to Raka. It's the general manner that when you inter into any Masjid, you don't sit until you pray to Raka. Before praying. Wow, it was amazing. I think this is the first time I pray in this huge area. So many different people like Black, Asians and Arab, Turkish. Every different people come here together and pray in one time. You can't imagine the feelings that pray all together at the same time. It's really amazing. Really amazing and blessing, impressed, heart-touching. I'm so happy that I come to Medina. It's really holy city. Thank you for inviting me. It's very good to come here. Umbrella. Oh, Umbrella. Ah, Umbrella. Yes, yes, I know, I know. The sunrise, they will open. Oh, when we... Nah, when we go to Umbrella. Peace be upon you. Which one do you like? Light material or like this material? The thing that he told me is Umbrella. Umbrella, wow. So now I understand why this Umbrella is here. Not hot anymore because of the Umbrella. Yeah, but it's shadow. Yeah, shadow. Peace be upon you. Peace be upon you. Ah, nice to meet you. Ah, how are you? I'm planning to visit Makka Medina. I want to go, so I come here soon. Ah, so the Umbrella is opening right now. Ta-da. So I... My friend, Sao. I want to buy this one, same. You come here for Umbrella? Yeah, for Umbrella. Umbrella. Have a nice Umbrella. Yeah, thank you. And I bless you. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Thank you, thank you. Oh, thank you so much. Thank you so much. Have a nice day. Have a nice day. Thank you. Alhamdulillah. Oh, the table. So there is no table. And it's like a room. Like in the floor. They eat on the floor. Arab style. This is Arabic style. Table, oh. I think that's the place. Our touching moment. The Ramadan start tomorrow. Insha'Allah. In Saudi Arabia. Ramadan is tomorrow. I have to... To Sa'ur. Sa'ur. And take a lot of water and yogurt. Get ready for the first Ramadan in Saudi Arabia. Insha'Allah. Insha'Allah. Jam Jam water. For tomorrow. Ramadan Mubarak. Ah. I can't drink when I'm standing up. I almost forgot. Many people are preparing. How are we here? It's almost like one hour. So it will be a long... Long journey. Insha'Allah. Ramadan started. I wish all Muslim brothers and sisters to fasting well with Allah's help. And find the meaning of Ramadan and get close to Allah. May Allah accept our fasting and praying. I know I'm a person who makes a lot of mistakes. But Allah didn't give up on me and brought me here. Alhamdulillah. This is why I cannot give up the mercy of Allah. No matter what, I am a Muslim. And may Allah guide me on the right path. I am the luckiest person because out of so many Koreans, Allah chose me to be a Muslim. Thanks Allah. Ramadan Mubarak. Ramadan Mubarak Karim.


And most importantly, we have the tools to resolve conflicts and differences with ease because that's what a good communication between two people feels like. More importantly, it should feel like I'm talking to a good friend, if not my best friend. Our lifestyles are compatible with one another so we can blend easily with one another and we share the same values with one another to build the deep roots of trust that can sustain a healthy happy relationship because when you become embody the person you want to date, you'll reject those people that aren't the type of person you're looking for.