Welcome back to the run-up. The leadership of a court in Lagos State endorsed Governor San Wulu, his deputy, Dr. Obafemi Hamzat for re-election and the APC candidates in Saturday's polls. Other political parties included the, well includes the Young Progressive Party, that's the YPP, the APP Action Democratic Party, ADP, the Allied People's Movement, the Zenith Labor Party, the New Nigeria People's Party, and People's Redemption Party at an event held in Lagos. That announcement was made. I also understand that seven government-ship candidates have also stepped down for the APC government-ship candidates of Lagos. And joining us to discuss this is Honorable Dele Oladiji, Lagos State Chairman at Court Party. Hello, you're welcome to the program. Yeah, good morning. We also have Theophilus Akatuba. He is a media consultant and public affairs analyst. Hello, Mr. Akatuba. You're welcome to the run-up. And I'm good to be with you in the period of just laying for the votes. Yes, very interesting period indeed. Yes, but we must appreciate the development we are recording. Definitely. And not forgetting my co-host, Adebayo Olouake. Adebayo, it's good to still have you with us. Yes, my pleasure, always. All right, let me start with you, Mr. Dele Oladiji of the Labor Party. I called. I called Party, I beg your pardon. Your party has endorsed the government-ship candidate of the APC. But also in all your states, your party splits already. Some members of your parties are going for the APC, some for the PDP, and some are still with the Accord Party, confused, not sure what to do. And in 2017, one of your major stakeholders, Rashidi Ladogia, they come from your party and joined another party. That makes me wonder how relevant you're joining any other party at this point in time is and why any other party should be jittery about your alliance with the APC at this point. Okay, thank you so much. One thing is that every politics is local. So I will speak majorly on legal states where I'm the state chairman. But I will touch a little on all your states. The sort of, all I see, difference and then divergence group in all your states Accord is actually orchestrated by one of the party leaders there. In the person of Dr. Honorable Bukola Jaja. She's the former national secretary. Though she's sitting tight, we have been trying to like, let us have a national congress since last year, January. So we can bring in a new set of leadership, but they realize they are tenor as inspired beyond the constitutional limits. They don't want to go. That is herself and the former national chairman, Alaji Naladu Mohamed. So what she's doing in New York City is, I don't know, she's not disciplined and she has been running in one person's shoe. So what she did actually was like, she went to endorse Shea Makhindi. That's your word against her? Yeah, I can, I'm saying it with every clear conscience. She endorsed Shea Makhindi, even without the knowledge of her partner in, let me say electoral crime, Alaji Mohamed Naladu. So now that's what caused the conflict. She endorsed Shea Makhindi without the knowledge of the, of her partner. And Alaji Naladu is now fighting her back. But one thing is, are called as a party, still remain. The structure still remain with Barista Uyeniji. And the leadership in New York City is still Mogadji, Sunday Igbishola. So the party structure in New York City still remain. While Alaji is like on the fringe, trading with the party name, and Alaji Mohamed Naladu on the fringe, trading with the party name. Now I wouldn't like to say much on New York City because it's out of my own jurisdiction. Now in legal states, yes, we have endorsed Governor Shea, and Governor Babaji De Somolu. And these are very first time of, former alliance with APC. APC have been ruling party in legal states since 1919, I went away AD, AC, ACN, and APC now. But this very person I refer to in your state, Ajaja, when we're pushing in legal states, we are very radical in legal states. We're pushing for a national congress, which is according to the party constitution that we're writing, she declined. Realize that any national congress will make a exit this seat. So we went to court and we won the case in May. So they look for a way to like jeopardize our sabotage our efforts in legal states. So that's why they now bring in some imposters to lock down our tickets in legal states. So even I can see it with every clear conscience that if you look through the street of legal states, if you see any post of a court party in legal states, the posters that we've posted in the local government election in 2021. So we have this here whereby there's a person holding onto our governorship ticket, but he's not campaigning. He's like, if you steal a trumpet of a king, where will you blow it? So as a party, we went to court, we're trying to like get our legitimate candidates on the list of high-necked. Our party candidate for gubernatorial seats in legal cities, Pastor Peter Obayuwana, is a retired deputy controller of prison. And then we have some at the group for the legal centers in Torres Strait and others too. So we went to court, we're slugging down to like get our list, our legitimate candidate on the list. We, it was all successful. Just like they have it in AA and ADC and so. So we can't sit back as a party and allow illegitimate person to go through the electoral system. They might get into office. Now, between when your party aligned with the Labor Party before the presidential election and when you started having this, when did your candidacy change? And when did you start having problems with the candidate of their court party? Candidates of a court party has been on since the very time when candidate list was released last year, September. So we didn't actually align with Labor Party. I think there have been some misconstruction about that. It wasn't the news. Yes, what we did actually is we adopted Pitta Ubi. You understand there is alliance one, party to party meeting together. There is a collision whereby you collapse your party into another party. We didn't do any of that. We only adopted Pitta Ubi as our preferred presidential candidates. I'm going to the state election because one thing is, every politics is local. How do you adopt a party candidate and not adopt the party? The reason is we have some money holding on to our prejudices that is not, I can say it's a stranger to the party's structure. Even though he live in Lagos, he grew up in Lagos, he has no dealing with the party structure in Lagos. It's just like... The court party in Lagos is in crisis just as you are in all your state. Adibai, I want to come in here. Yes, Maureen, I've been listening to Honorable Aladejo quite with raptor tension. I wish to commend his grasp of things around him in Lagos and then, of course, the region. Sorry, close to Lagos, which is on your state. But the view, based on what he has said, that a court party has been in crisis everywhere and it's like, in order to avoid not becoming relevant anymore, they decided to align with his excellency, Gov. Nassongu, who obviously, as the incumbent, would be classified as a front-runner. So how would they respond to that? That it is in order to remain relevant that they have adopted the Gov. Nassongu. So they are not in any case doing the Gov. Nassongu because I don't see an electoral value, but maybe I'm wrong so he can clarify this. Is it because they're in crisis and they want relevance or what? Okay, thank you so much. One thing is, we're actually not in crisis. But if a particular issue of politics, there will always be some people trying to, like, manipulate the system and take advantage of things. If we are not relevant.  That's, it's obvious from all that you've said and from all that's playing out, you are in crisis. Does the court party still exist as a party? Yes, it does. The structure is still solid and we are just one united front. What is the future of this party? Even today we are very relevant and we are very valid. We are very active. These people are referring to our external bodies. Your party is adopting all the APC candidates. Is it across Lagos or across the country? No, it's across Lagos. And why we do that to answer the question, the question of Mr. Luki, is this, we are not doing this to, like, retain relevancy. We are still very relevant. We are still very active. But the risk of keeping quiet, like this thing I'm saying on TV now, has been, is not in the public because we are not known to, like, be causing wahala fighting and then causing fracas. We don't do that. We just went to the court straight. Now, the risk of allowing illegitimate people to go through the poll and get into public office, it's a disservice to the public. So our endorsement of Bawajidisongulu is not for relevance. We are very relevant. We are very active. We are doing this not to make the error of keeping quiet while people with lack of integrity get into public office. So we look around and look for candidates who can, who are very, who are synonymous with our party ideology, with our value system. And we look around the three major parties on the ballot and realize Gov. Bajidisongulu is the ideal candidate and we have shown capacity for that. Mr. Akatuba. Yes. How are you processing all that's playing out? Well, are you talking in respect of the endorsements? In respect of their endorsements and their alliances? Yes, I do not, alliances are not being formed. What we see here is endorsement. When a political party that is in an election began to assess its fortunes in an election and find out that it's not likely to get the vote to win the election, might take the option of endorsing the candidates that in their opinion is most likely to win or is best suited to win, to ensure that those they consider not good enough will not snatch the victory. And so it is, alliances are deeper and broader and involve all manners of agreement where different political parties set aside their differences and then come together in order to win more votes to form a government. But endorsement is necessarily not an alliance. It's actually a one party looking at the circumstances. Because if you look at all the parties that have endorsed the government, that they are on their own, not likely to make any significant impact in this election. But they have numbers of votes, pockets of supporters that if added together to the vote of the candidate or the party they have endorsed, victory is sureer in order to prevent others they think will not do well. Because if you look at what they said, they said that they were informed by the outstanding performance of the current government and that they would not want to take chances so that all the developmental project will be scuttled by the fact that the opposition or the most likely opposing candidate will be powered into power by sentiment. And so they are putting forces together to prevent that. So I think it's a positive development for the APC because the APC is confronting an election in which reasoning is not the subject. The electorate that, the set of electorate that they are confronted at the moment, they are like a mob without reasoning. They are only trying to do damage, not really about development. They are trying to retaliate for a hot day of the past. They are trying to show the previous election in the presidential. Some are going to vote against the APC because they consider or thought or think that the election was really the favour of the APC, the party they thought or they believe should not have won the election in their own calculation. And that's why I think that the parties have decided to forestall or to slow that mob movement, that movement. You said it's a positive development for the APC, but is it a positive development for democracy? Well, it is a positive development. It means that parties can work together when the push comes to show, when things get tougher. From what you see, there could even be higher levels of engagement in terms of proper alliances. And there are very many ways this can be done. But for now, this is a positive development. It means that all these other parties can sit on the table in the future with the APC and demand good government and also even demand some levels of involvement in the future government. But when parties align, I mean, we're talking about horse trading here. When they align, did they align because they care for the people, they care for development, they care for integrity, or they are just looking for positions and how to place their candidates and members in key positions. You're going to also answer that, but let Mr. Katuba take that first. Yes, first it is in the overriding interest. First is about the interest of the party. First, the reason is the party need to survive beyond the election. And by dozing a most likely candidate at the win, you secure opportunity for your party. Then ultimately is for the benefit of the people, if the party they so endorsed is a performing party, the candidate is a performer, and ultimately he delivers the good of the dividend of democracy. It means that they are initially selfish agenda have turned that good for the people. But in many climes, it's for the good of the people that motivates them because they want to make sure that the best candidates win. If you read what they have said here, they are saying that we reached the decision consequence upon our thorough analysis of all the good works and rapid development. Anyone who lives in Lagos, you can point to a few things that are visible, that are very iconic, that are going on. And therefore these parties are saying they want to sustain that. So in that respect. Why if they were that convinced, one would wonder... Yeah, Mr. Akataba, if they were that convinced, one would wonder why they contested in the first place, why they threw up a candidate against this candidate that's been doing so well. Please answer the question I asked him that I said you're going to respond to. Okay, I mean with me still. You said... No, no, I've gone to the comrade. Okay. Um, thanks for to Mr. Akataba, right? Yes. Actually, when we are sitting down to the side, we are like duty banned as a party to put forward candidates. Now, when you get to like, some things come up in your, for example, was the place of electoral activities and some new things come up, you have to sit down and analyze the details and the everything. Now, our choosing Governor Vagini Saoulu, one thing I want us to realize is, it's through a thought process. It wasn't the only person we thought we, we like consider, at least I reach out as a party, we reach out to Labour Party. We talk for the space of like one week. And what we see with them, they are not part. All right, I'm going to stop you there because I would not allow you to talk down another party. No, I'm not talking about another party. In favour of another party. But let me confirm, if comrade Mandos Yusuf of Kaduna State has been able to join us. Hello, comrade Yusuf. Okay, in the course of the program, we may be joined by comrade Mandos Yusuf, APC Kaduna State. But at this point, Adebayo, do you want to? Yes, please. Very interesting expose by Mr. Kattuba. So I have two questions, one for Honourable Oladiji and the other one for Mr. Kattuba. First, Honourable Oladiji. There are those who might wonder if your political partition still exists because from everything you have told us, anyone who follows or has followed the very clear explanation you have given and you're arriving at endorsing His Excellency, Governor Saul, they may be wondering why your political partition still existed. What would you say to them? And after you have like Kromeda Kattuba who said, it looks like there's a revenge voting. I would like him to clarify on that because every voter has a choice to make for whatever reason they are making that choice. So maybe to be good if Mr. Kattuba would also clarify what he meant by that. But Honourable Oladiji, can you tell us whether your partition still exists? Yes, our partition is existing and we still continue to exist because one thing is that we adopt, we and those, so it doesn't mean the partition is going to extinction. We'll still exist even beyond the election. Even though that now we are still making plans beyond the election. Post-election plans are on ground so we'll still continue to exist. All right, Mr. Kattuba. Yes, I'm with you. Adeba, you had asked your question. Yes, exactly, you had said that it would appear that this partition endorses His Excellency, the Governor because it is assumed that those who voted in the last election, they placed APC in Lagos appear to have been voting due to event data. It would be nice for you to clarify exactly what you meant. From the analysis that was conducted because it was a surprise. And when they looked at the data, the voting, you know, population and pattern, they saw that there is this ensarse movement, ensarse youth that feel aggrieved that the ensar's matter was poorly managed and that Bola and Metinubu, the flag bearer of the party at the national level and is suspected to be behind the entire matter. And then that the governor ordered the military to crack down and disperse the youth at the toolkit. They have not forgiven the governor and so such people are in the frame. Others feel that why should the APC present a Muslim-Muslim ticket and a lot of such people voted in reaction to that poor choice in their calculation? So there are these two sets of people, apart from the other sets that believe that the APC has been holding office for too long. You also hear another set saying that there are miscreants and urchins and area boys on the street terrorizing them in the marketplace. And so you can see that all of this is, the choices are like retaliatory in order to pay back for the use that each of these voters have suffered in the past.  And that's a very small number of the opposing votes. So this is the analysis. But in the governorship election, a lot of the answers you are still justling to pay back. And then you still have the majority of the voters of the Labour Party who in their opinion are angry that they were shortchanged. They are thinking that their mandate was not given to them, that they had won the election. Such are still waiting to repeat that protest vote by voting it. It's not as if they do not feel some development and good governance in Lagos, but they want to just make a statement that we are still in the numbers. So this is why you say this endorsement is a big boost. It weakens those who believe that the APC is finished. When they read and they see other parties making public declaration like this, it's continued to weaken the resolve to weaken the resolve of those who want to vote against them. And might even annoy them not to come to the polls. And so they are looking for these opportunities to show. But Mr. Akatiba, that's an interesting analysis you've given, but I'm wondering at the weight of these parties, how strong are these parties that have endorsed the APC? How strong are they enough to intimidate others? They are not individually very strong, but take note, the SDP has made some good hero. When I saw the SDP there, the SDP candidate seems to have won some liking. In the current elections, you find that the votes count and every vote is important. How many votes? It took about 9,000 votes for the Labour Party to defeat the APC in the presidential election. If you look at it again, if that number, if this endorsement, this endorsement might bring 20,000 votes because the votes now do count. And therefore the SDP, the YPP, they are called, they have pocket members and supporters and family members. So when you multiply that, it can become something and therefore they can outdo their fiercest opposition. So they say if there's no single vote, that is not important in this critical and highly contested elections. Indeed, every single vote counts. We're going to take a break right now and we'll come back to continue this discussion. I've had with me Mr. Theofilos Akatuba, media consultant, public affairs analyst. I also have Honourable Delia Oladiji, the Legal State Chairman of the Accord Party. These are some of the guests I have. We're expecting someone from Cardinal State, Comrade Mandos Yusuf, who is an APC member in Cardinal State to join us in the course of this program. I also have Mr. Adebayo Loaque, my virtual co-host with me. We'll take a break. We'll be right back. Stay with us. And it's the run-up. Welcome back to you. We just came back after a very interesting time out. I have as my guests Comrade Delia Oladiji. Is it Honourable or Comrade? It's Honourable. Honourable Delia Oladiji. He is the Legal State Chairman of the Accord Party. We also have Mr. Theofilos Akatuba, media consultant and public affairs analyst. And my co-host Adebayo Loaque. Welcome back to you. Before we went on that break, I was asking Mr. Akatuba, the strength of these parties, nine of them that supported, aligned with the APC and its candidate. How weighty are they enough to scare others? Are they weighty enough to scare others? Let me throw that to you. Okay, I'm talking about party strength. Well, you've mentioned it now that some nine parties, in those, or aligned with Babaji Desong Oulu, are called two different from their line parties. That tells a lot about our individual strengths as parties. Some parties gather together and form like a front and then nine of them in those Babaji Desong Oulu are called under a home volition. We stand apart and we stand differently, distinctly, and in those Babaji Desong Oulu. It tells a lot about that. We are not something of like a crowd movement or a crowd mindset. I want to talk about strength in legal states. Akatuba has been the third party in every election. So we have a weight. The ruling party and the other party, PDP, they know who Akatuba is and they know what Akatuba is capable and they know what our strength is like. So we are not just a fringe party. We are stronger than we are solid in legal states. So we have our strength and that's the strength we are bringing to be on the state's governorship election. And remember that our endorsement of Pitta Oubi make all our efforts to be amassed for Pitta Oubi in the presidential election. Now we've pulled that out and we are giving it to Governor Babaji Desong Oulu. So that will bring a lot of difference from what was obtained at the presidential election and what will be obtainable in the presidential election. You're very confident. Very, very. Why do you not have any candidate for the state House of Assembly elections? Okay, in the truth sense of it is we have candidates for all the state assembly. But if I'm to what I mentioned earlier, we have a compromised former national executive that wants to like sabotage us in Legos in knowing that we have been the only radical arm in Nigeria and all your states too. So they look to like check me to us and then drag us down. So that's why we went to court and that's why they're okay. You think you can go to court. They now took the ticket offers because actually tickets are only submitted by the national body. So they bring up some candidates that's working against us and then they used to like... Do you have candidates for the state? We have. I've mentioned even in the endorsement where the Governor Babaji Desong Oulu yesterday, I mentioned their names. They were there in the... How many across the local councils? Yes, across the state. What was the consensus? We have all. But you did say, if I understand correctly, you are endorsing the APC across board. Across board, yes. Meaning that even for the state Houses of Assembly, there is a cross board. APC should be voted. Yes. Not their court party. Yes. So what happens to the candidates you say you have? Yes, the reason is our legitimate candidates did not get on the I-NEC list. I think it's not peculiar to us. Eh, he has the same issue. He also gets a declarative judgment that I-NEC should take their candidates. I-NEC didn't. And I think ADC have the same issue too. So across the local councils in Lagos state, we didn't get anyone on the I-NEC list. It's shocking. None of your candidates came on the I-NEC list. Legitimate. All the illegitimate ones. Everybody you see are impostors. The division, the crisis in your party is beyond description. A House divided against itself cannot stop. They are strangers. They are not even a court member. I can say it. Adebayo, you want to come in here? Can I ask? Yes, please. Honourable, honourable, honourable. I was wondering, couldn't your party have suspended these people? These people creating problems for you. Are there no disciplinary measures provided for your constitution to deal with such people? Okay, there are rules and guidelines to dealing with members that are recastitant or misbehaving. But one thing is, in Lagos state, I think we suspended like two or three of them last year. But one thing about our party is we always love to like not cause rancor or fracas, or you can't see any news of a court fighting or causing fracas in the society. So we always go to court. But in Lagos state, we have actually suspended like three of them last year. We expel one and then suspended two. So that is ongoing. But the issue of this condition is that decision will always be made by the national body, not the state arm. And at the national body, the preferred as our present national chairman, in person of Reverend Isaac Adebayo Adeinyi, prefer to always like, let's go to court.  That was just happening in your city now. One endows a person and the other came out and say you didn't answer everything. So most of you just allow the court to give you verdicts and the verdict of the court will be standing. Like all these imposters now, we have a petition against them at the DSS office. They are being handled, but you will never see us fight them. You never see us cause rancor or anything else. No, we petition to the DSS and DSS is already infestigating them and they're handling the case.  See, I want to let something be clear. The party is still intact. These people are from outside. Like the person within our governorship candidate and ticket is Akim Dixin. He's known from the APC. He joined, he came into our court, I think, around April last year. The first person he came to is my person. We had a meeting, we give him our rules and our guidelines. And then he went out and then came from the back door. Because he knew with what I lay on the table, he wouldn't scale through because we have procedures. He, even normally, legitimately, conditionally, is not eligible to contest any election in Nigeria. His news are on the public domain. I even have a copy. I have it on my email. A copy of his was his conviction, criminal conviction in the district court of New Jersey. So with all these in the harm of the party, we are not just looking to sell our tickets to just anybody. So realizing our body language that these people know they won't scale me through, he went to the back door and then, when I say they are from outside, I'm saying this with every sense of conviction. They are not a court member. It wasn't a court member. Dixin isn't a court member. So that was it. The party is still intact. We are still same. We are solid. These people that came to lock down our tickets are from outside. All right. Let's hold it there. We'll take a break. We'll be back to continue with the program. Stay with us. Thank you for your time. Welcome back to the run up on Plus TV Africa. We continue with our discussion, as I told you earlier before, went on break. We have Honorable Dele Oladiji. He is the legacy chairman of the Accord party. We also have Mr. Theophilus Akatuba, media consultant and public affairs analyst as our guest. And also we have my virtual co-host, Ade Biolo. Okay. Hello, gentlemen. Hello, gentlemen. Good to be back. All right. So INEC has completed the BEVAS reconfiguration and has begun deployment of the independent national electoral commission's materials. We want to take a look at this and three days to the governorship elections. How comfortable are you? Especially when we had on Tuesday, as revealed to us by the minister of communication and digital economy, Issa Pantami, that INEC recorded more than 12 million cyber attacks on the 25th of February during the presidential elections. Does that bother you? Actually, it's a little, well-meaning Nigeria. It gives them some sense of concern. But I believe since INEC weathered through it, without us recording any negative effects to our electoral process, well, we are still very confident in the process INEC have on the ground. So we look forward to the election with high hope. Okay. Mr. Akatuba. Yes. How do you see this revelation that INEC recorded 12 million, more than 12 million cyber attacks? I'm not surprised, but I'm surprised at the number that the server and the INEC systems will be attempted by hackers should not surprise anyone. You know, elections are very important, very critical. It goes to the call of the health of a nation. If criminals take power, the nation is gone. And that's why many nations in the world have continually avoided electronic systems of voting. You know, in the US, ballot papers are still physical. They are mailed in, they are presented, and they are counted with digital machines. But the end is that there is a ballot paper. And so because of what the internet, the online, the risk, so I'm shocked at the number of times, but that attempt was made, that was why on the day of the election, while I was at the polling unit, and the presidential results were not going, I smile to myself that they would have seen some very magnificent threats and they've decided to slow down. Otherwise, the entire election could be stolen. It would have been more catastrophic than the fact that the procedure of uploading real time was not done at that time. For me, I am very shocked at the numbers, very, very shocked. Adebayo. Mr. Katuba, I share your sentiments, you know, in terms of the share size of the attempt. But some people might wonder why it's the minister of communications that is making the announcement and why not INEC? Because INEC is independent as it were, and INEC has its own ICT department, it has its own head of the ICT. Some people might wonder why is the minister who has to come out and not INEC itself saying so. Do you think that would be a legitimate question? Well, I believe it's about government managing information. If the INEC that is at the storm, it's in the middle of the storm that is being accused of manipulating and subverting his own process, is the one giving these SQs.  And so maybe they gave it in the mount of a most credible organization that manages all of these systems so that it has a weight of credibility. That is what I think. If this is, except it is not true, it's made up. But even if it's made up, it would make up 12 million attempts. I really find it amazing. However, Pantami is telling us maybe because it has the technical way with all to know the exact number of attempts. The INEC might not have the technical way with all. They might not know the depth, the extent. They might not know that there is an attempt. But who can give us the full detail? Pantami can give you a full call that took place while someone, maybe an organization that does phone telephony might not know in length of time the communication took place. So maybe because of the technical way with all to be able to give that information. And that was, I'm sure, it gave that information in passing in another event so that we don't fix it ourselves on the fact that it was hacking that caused it so that the confidence that we are building on the electoral system might be completely lost. Or those who are attempting to change tactics. I think there's a lot. This is a very huge security matter. And I do a lot of research and reading both local and international. You remember, even in the US, Russia was accused of interfering this because the cyber space is open. Both good people and bad people are pregnant. All right, before we go, your final word. Okay. My final word is that an election is coming up on the 18th. Take note that our election is still a manual process. All the technology that has been brought to embellish it and build competences are not the election. Therefore, political parties get qualified reliable agents for the elections are won and lost at the polling units. Thank you. That's very strong polling agents. We discussed that here. The polling agents are very, very important and must be loyal party members. Your final word before we go. Okay. Our final word is as we look forward to the forthcoming election on the 18th of March, I admonish all negotiations. Everybody with their PVC should go out and vote. We had seven million registered voters in legal state and the turnout in the last election was like a million plus. We are looking at having like six million voters this time. Let's come out. Let's show our imputes in this electoral process. So go out, vote and vote, relax our sub-in-governor. Thank you. Honourable Delia Oladiji, a court party legal state chairman has been one of our guests. Thank you for being here and sharing with us all that's happening in your party. We do hope that you're able to resolve it. I'm excited to see young people in the political space. So I'm excited to meet you. Comrade, we couldn't have Comrade Mandus Yusuf as we had planned to. He was supposed to have joined us from Cardinal State, a member of the APC in Cardinal State. Perhaps we'll have him tomorrow. Mr. Theofilos Akatuba, media consultant and public affairs analyst, also joined us as a guest. Mr. Akatuba, thank you so much for your time and insight. And thank you too for having me. And my virtual co-hosts, Adebayo Loaike, thank you so much for your time. Always a pleasure, Maureen. I am Maureen Menonwe-Zigui. Thank you for watching. Goodbye.


This is fads versus trends. Are you a trend setter or a trad? Trad is a real word. It's not but we'll tell you why What's the other one? Friend, fend, fend. Fend and trad. Fend and trad. So you have paddles. They're not fans You also don't get to keep them. We need them for our CLA presentation Okay Next slide. It just says who we are. Sorry. Where's the thing? I lost it Okay, I just want to go in record. I did not authorize the use of that photo She found it on Facebook and it's like a glamour shot Because also we just we have like a minute introduction, so I'm just gonna say I didn't think the screen would be this big I thought our pictures would be really tiny and you wouldn't mock us It's okay Pinterest fail and all right. So why are we guys know all that already and perhaps we're gonna talk about Trends and fads. How many of you guys have heard of a trend? Oh my gosh, we're trending. Maybe we need to back up How many of you guys have heard of a fad? Or a trad. I love that they're using their paddles already That's $1 Bob Barker. So $1 One thing we want to talk about is why it's important to recognize that things are trends and fads We want to show patrons and the community I use patrons at my library. I know some libraries use customers But I'm just gonna say patrons because that's what I'm used to and and we want to show them that we're relevant We know what's going on in their lives. It builds credibility for us And I'm gonna use Pokemon Go as an example for pretty much everything. So if you don't like Pokemon Go I'm really sorry, but that's a trend. It's a fad. Okay It also shows is that we embrace pop culture and we're not antiquated Like we talked earlier the stereotypes about libraries and librarians if we embrace these trends and fads See we mixed up the words a lot. So we just made up our own words. So trends and fads So what's a fad technically technically, okay? Rumor has it it used to mean for a day fad for a day. I have no like Resources or and back that up and back that up with anything other than it spells fad. So for a day According to the dictionary it means short-lived crazed intense widely shared enthusiasm obsessions mania fetishes and fixations. This is a family-oriented program. I don't need you throwing those words around You know what? Um, I get to describe trend which has to be really boring, of course So it's a general direction which something changing progressing Which is not like me Movement longevity all of that fun stuff. So we kind of have an interesting next slide That was right there all the time, but just as an idea like the whole idea of Fends and trads was basically because there's a lot of over maybe I should Get distracted by the shiny object They overlap a lot of things in some ways are fads a lot of things in some ways are trends So we came up with you know, fends and trads. So if you hear that word, that's either It's probably us messing up, but we just decided it is us messing up But we decided to make them real words so that it didn't look like we were messing up That's a good idea in any presentation So a really great analogy that we have is VHS first DVD verse Blu-ray This is a really professionally done PowerPoint presentation. I need you to know that now Nicole should have never let me make it Because she has already regretted it Okay, so VHS how many of you guys your library still carry VHS for checkout That's two more hands three more hands than I thought I was going to get for look There's a fourth over there. They're like yes How many of you guys raise your hand you carry DVDs And how many of you guys carry Blu-rays? Oh my gosh So I think this dispels what you were gonna talk about. I don't think so necessarily because how many raise your hand if you carry DVDs and Blu-rays See so what we kind of want to talk about in Trends and fads is that VHS was a trend for a really long time That's the way you did it. It always remembered where it left off. It was great. You had those little tags It said please be kind and rewind Everything was around you'd get mad at patrons who wouldn't rewind video anybody under 20 by the way. This is not your future Or your past actually good point and then DVDs came along and what you saw was the medium change and that VHS went one way which there's a cool slide about next You got it DVDs went whoop VH went whoo Sound effects are free But what we find is a lot of time libraries were carry both DVD and Blu-ray players because the medium hasn't gone extinct like VHS in a sense has gone extinct people don't carry them anymore I can't find a VHS except for you for who had them. Good job But VHS and Blu-ray exist in a happy medium together. I don't own a Blu-ray player, but you were telling me You do I do own a Blu-ray player fancy But also that if she can't find the Blu-ray on the shelf She just grabs the DVD like she's gonna watch the latest Marvel Civil War whether it's on Blu-ray or DVD And I think that's true of a lot of our patrons Nobody's saying like I can't check out this DVD. It can only be Blu-ray They might say it'd be great if you carry Blu-ray, but they're not mad if they have to get the DVD Well, some of them are mad, but that's a different library issue Um, okay, so that's fads versus trends a big part of it is how do you decide? What is a Fender Fendi seat?  Oh Whoa We only carry VHS. No We carry no Blu-rays But we carry DVD and the initial investment cost for us to go back and back purchase our catalogue is Huge so it's a stumbling block for us So that money is as we've learned the root of all evil and the root of me not getting a Blu-ray collection and Then and the other thing you want to think about when you're deciding if you want to kind of latch on to a Trend or a fad is your community needs Pokemon go is so crazy at our library and our library has two gyms and five poke stops and whatever I don't know and I could tell just by the way that the community is acting that it's something that's important to them And that is a really good way to guide you if you want to kind of latch on to something I kind of also look at it like I don't know if you remember those old like workout movies from like the 80s Where they had someone in the middle that or someone that was low-impact so they would do like and then someone was like regular Impact and then someone was like crazy like high-impact that kind of reminds me of how you can React to a fad or a trend you can do low-impact things that we do at our library for something like Pokemon go where we just Want to latch on to something at the moment is just post something on social media that you have a Gym or that you put a lore down or whatever. I'm sorry. I'm really gonna use Pokemon go for every example My husband plays it my seven-year-old plays it. It's around I like the low-impact high-impact. I almost got Cheryl up here to show us demonstrate Cheryl She's a trainer. I'm really good. Anyways 24-hour fitness. Yeah, she does work at 24-hour. She'll get you a discount group rate What's the next slide? Let me see if that was my money slide. Oh Yeah, yeah, there you go. That's my life Okay, so we're gonna get into the interactive fun part of this the great part is they put us on after lunch Which means you're tired and you're full of bad choices that you may be made at lunch You're half asleep, and you were like, oh, I guess I'll come back to the conference Because they're paying me to come here. So we are actually going to present We need help one of three We were supposed to have a panel of librarians. You can look at all these chairs It is just us two they all left. They saw what we were doing and They were like that's a fad. I gotta go Okay, so the first the way we're gonna start is raise your paddle green if you think wait wait wait no wait How many of you have the magical panel that is both green on both sides and red on both sides? I Didn't mess up on any Wait, why he works for me that doesn't count That is terrible. That is a fad. What you guys have is a trend the right paddle How is there just one there should be a double-sided green So red yes, oh double-sided green you agree with everything on the trend side red is for fad Green is for trend We're gonna see what you guys think So the first kind of yes ma'am The first kind of one we're gonna talk about our maker spaces fab labs hack spaces tinkering is that a trend? Which is green and then same time everybody put up your red ones if you're a fad Okay, so Are we just all right? So just if you have a red look see what I'm just picking you when you're coming up here If you have a red paddle come up you do you I'm looking and we need two people with a green paddle Two people with a green sucker with a green paddle come on. Oh, yeah, you guys put all your paddles down All of a sudden it's not a thing they can do I'm gonna have to use descriptors tall guy Right I come down Anissa is that okay? Just come down. I promise you even put on your resume that you were on a panel at future libraries This is helping you Yes, yes endorsed by 24 out of our fitness trainer Cheryl Lee Come up come up. Okay. So why don't we start are those mics live? They are live. So we're gonna go down the row Tell us if it's your name very professional Trend or fad or fend and why you maybe think so in only like 10 seconds because we only have a 30-minute presentation Trend is green go Anissa Because DIY has been around for a very long time already and we're just now embracing it. So I think it's already a trend And I'm Anissa Backwards, that's fine. Yeah, I said trend. I'm Kevin and I think because there's a lot of potential for growth in Hacker spaces and maker spaces My name is Amanda and I guess I I fall somewhere on the fence on that But I guess I I think that for coding we are seeing a lot of uses of shared spaces for coding more so than anything else is how we've Embraced it more so at our library system. So I think that's coding. Yeah I think coding is something that doesn't really require school or the money that people invest in It's most likely a lot of future positions and jobs. So yeah, I think it'll continue. Thank you for your input Also, because you guys did not get up. We're keeping you here the whole presentation Your attendance at this program has allowed us to keep you hostage. Don't leave. Also, there's camera smile Nicole, what do you think about maker movie? So for me the maker movement is more of a trend It's one of the main things about trans as longevity. It's been around for a really long time The first maker fair was in 2006. That was 10 years ago. I know I see lots of oh my gosh Yes, 10 years ago and Sometimes I feel like people think that it has peaked and it's kind of coming down but in 2014 over 250,000 people went to both the Bay Area one and the San Francisco one and over 50% of them were actually with children So kids are growing up with the maker movement from the time that they're, you know in preschool and younger It's also ingrained in our schools in Morgan Hill. How many of you guys know where Morgan Hill is? Oh Thank you Better it's a suburb of San Jose about 10 15 miles south of San Jose It's got a small community feel in that small town small town of 40,000 people and that small town We have one STEM school one STEAM school one music and math academy and one engineering academy and they're all public schools So this is the trend. This is something that you're seeing in schools that they're learning about Maker spaces and steam and all that stuff when they're really young. So that's what I think it's a trend. I Think it's more of a fad only because Space is at a premium Like I would love to have the mix at my library. The mix is the size of my library So it's kind of hard when you work at a smaller library and you're like, I don't really have a space I think more as well that some of the things within the maker movement Like I think we are moving towards DIY hands-on projects I don't think patrons necessarily want to come and just listen to a lecture I think they want to get their hands a little dirty. They want to sew something They want to paint something they want you to Literally read their tarot cards for each individual person who comes to a program and they want that hands-on experience Whereas sometimes I've seen patrons fall asleep in a book talk and I'm like, oh, maybe that's a mess I also think that within the maker space. We have a lot of fads. I think things like 3d printing was like Everyone's got to get a 3d printer and then we have no idea how to use a 3d printer So one sucker librarian has to learn how to use the 3d printer. You are laughing if it's you And so you're kind of stuck and then when you leave that library is kind of like, uh, what are we gonna do? Put it in the closet And it's got like cost and like ventilation like poisoned three people something like that I also think about Drones are really cool. Like I'm starting a drone club. I don't think drones are gonna have I'm starting a drone club I'm gonna give like 10 year olds a drone and see what happens. Are you providing the drone? I am providing the drones, but it's the it's the same kind of thing You're catching on to something really quickly where I don't know if drones in their current form will be around in 10 years so I think parts of what's in the maker movement, maybe coding or 3d printing Some people are really successful and some aren't because we aren't always content experts on what's in our maker movement But it's like the thing that you have to have now to be cool Yeah, yes. All right. What's our next one push the button? Should we make them sit down? No, they're really great. You guys are wonderful. I'm Seeds to fill if somebody would like to come up think about that. No, we're not giving them a choice Oh, we should have got candy. Okay. So our next bad versus trend is app gaming Anybody here play a game on their app? Oh Come on. That's a lie.  Is anybody here playing a game on their app right now? Right here. She's on an iPad playing Candy Crush That's terrible. Um So Okay, so put up your paddle Red is if you think it is a fad green is if you think app gaming is a trend Huh to see there's like three four.  I'm gonna come up. No, he looks scared. What are panelists say? Oh That's why we don't have nice things Okay, well, there's only three of you that have red and a perna. Do you want to come up and a perna? Oh, come on. It was red. It was red. It was red.  How about you three tell us why you're ruining our presentation? It is a trend Whatever you feel like Anything is a discussion. This is where we ridicule you after you say yours. I think it's financially Beneficial, and I think that people see that so I think that you can make money I think yeah, it's a trend because it's games of just moving into the new medium Or the new technology Yeah, I think it's a trend just because people are gonna continue to generate new games and create new apps and People have idle time and like to distract themselves with their phones as we know so I don't think that's changing It's the less mad at Starbucks now when I don't get my drink. I'm like, that's fine. I got another level to go It's true. And so I kind of I feel that the Idea of app gaming is a trend, but the specific games are fads You know what I mean? Like I feel you know, especially Pokemon go. Sorry. It's in my life right now There are over I wrote down I there's this place where you can go on the web that tells you how many people are downloading it in real time and in 25 seconds, what was it over? 2000 people had downloaded Pokemon go. I mean, it's crazy. It's so many people that are downloading it So that's that's something that we can kind of catch on to I also think that they'll peak At some point there will be something that will replace it It was popular when I was growing up. So it only took 20 more years for it to come back And and the other thing too is there you also have talked about accessibility depends on your community Where I where I live in Morgan Hill? There's a lot, you know, not everybody has a smartphone Not everybody's into the app gaming because they don't have the actual device to do it And but they might have their cousins friends brothers old PlayStation at home that got donated to them or got passed down So in that respect, I feel that console gaming is something that at least in my library We support how many of you guys check out console games at your library raise your hand if you check out console games Okay, okay, so like in my library. We have a the Santa Clara County Library We have checked out game console games for oh my gosh five six seven years long time We still have GameCube games to check out. That's how long that's like getting a VHS And so I feel that it really depends on your community if you're talking about app gaming versus console gaming That's I so I think like I feel like the actual games are more fads But the app gaming more people are gonna get smartphones more apps are gonna come out more people are gonna be using them So that's more on the trend wavelengths 62% of smartphone owners when they get their new iPhone 7 the first week the number one thing they download is an app game That's before they do their linkedin profile their Facebook They put a mobile game on their phone to distract them. It's Pokemon go. It's probably not Pokemon go It's whatever is like after Pokemon go But here's the funny part about this. I think that app gaming is a trend for the first year Digital app game sales. That's in-game sales revenue that they make through marketing or in-game purchases will out sell console gaming's and PC gaming's so not together, but app games will sell more than PC games this year And app gaming will sell more than console gaming this year and you didn't share that with me But I'm not supposed to tell you my point. I can't change your point of view But here's here's the good part about it So this is where friends and trads come in because you're kind of like should I should I not should I and you Have to make these big decisions for your library Should I should I not do I get Blu-ray? Do I offer video games? The idea is is that video games as a whole is up These guys aren't eating their market. This isn't VHS and DVD where one will take over the other This is both together gaming as a whole is up a phenomenal percentage Did you know here's a fun fact that there is I love telling these That there is oh It's not large That's okay. I got you looking I want to say something okay We were talking before I can't even read your handwriting, so we were talking before I was talking to Roslyn Somebody that works in my library.  What was it what's this week? What's this weekend? League of Legends championship like there are all these people that are watching people Arlene is watching someone play More people watch e-sports worldwide Then Americans watch sporting events or worldwide audiences watch a sporting event So that's how popular digital gaming is. Here's the fun fact 29% of gamers are under 18 years old But a larger percentage of that are over 50 years old So the gaming community is getting older and it's bringing in the younger generation So I think that they're here to stay there's 71 million worldwide viewers for e-sports and that's console PC gaming So it's increasing. So maybe one of the things you have to decide is do I maybe take back? Hey, I should offer video games at my library Should I not is there a market for it and recognizing trends and fads maybe since gaming is increasing You should think about spending a billion dollars on games and then and if you don't want it This is kind of where that low-impact mid-impact high-impact thing comes in Maybe you don't have the money to make a collection But maybe you have some money where you can do some programming it costs a lot less to buy some gaming supplies And do gaming programs and that's an expense that you make one time and you can use it over and over and over again Cool gaming. All right, push the button. Where are we going next? Oh? We forgot this one. Oh, yeah, that's a really good one once again people should not really let me make the PowerPoint about the internet memes Those are really funny. This is of no help to actually remembering the presentation at all Okay All right streaming is um who thinks that I Like they all laugh because they get it to the conclusion at the same time and they laugh together Um is Streaming content music video anything a trend green or a fad red? We need to like when we do this at CLA look at this one That's a trad There isn't a See is there a single one single be that person be that red? It's okay around someone No, I'm just kidding. So much is waving it. So I think they're Friends use it. This is an area where Angela I pretty much agree that it's trending It's trotting. Oh, yeah, do you how many do you services do you stream in your personal life, Nicole? Zero I spend a hundred and twenty dollars a month for direct TV I spend fourteen dollars for a Netflix and Hulu account and I stream free music on Pandora And I spend the rest on video games That's why the industry is growing In the thing with streaming is I feel like before it used to be Not great content, but now you're getting original content You're getting oranges the new black you're getting all these things that are only available through Netflix or Amazon Prime Just the content that is available with streaming has increased in quality and What oh push the button. No, it's that one. Yeah, there you go. Okay. All right. Oh, yeah, here There you go. You got it. Um, I also think that streaming is an area Let's be honest with ourselves. We're libraries suck at it. Okay. Yeah, that's what I was going to say But like really nicely for them Um libraries aren't on the cutting edge and maybe that's our fault of not yelling enough But we everyone in this room had a green or a greeny red, right? But we all know it's an issue It's not something we're doing very well, but that we know is a thing that has to happen So I want to ask the three people on our panel Um I really forgot my question Were you going to ask what? No, I wasn't going to ask that. How do you guys think that libraries can get into this streaming business? I think it's definite challenge because lots of people still have access issues to even having that kind of functionality at home Some people can't even you know still turn on the computer So I think that's going to be a real downside to it And then of course coming up against your administration about buying streaming services SFPL already has hoopla, which is really popular, but I think yeah, it's important to provide more ease of access You need an email address to sign up for hoopla accounts and people don't have email addresses even so just Making it easier for the patron Um, berkeley also has hoopla So we've followed and bought a product that's trying to compete with netflix or amazon prime and stuff But I think part of it is also getting the message out to our patrons that this is even something that they are also getting with their library card You know your library card gets you any museums and all the things that we can tell them so a lot of things Well, no, are you okay? Well, I was going to say hoopla. We that's very nice. I have 10 minutes I think she gave us more time. She's really nice. Um I think the thing with hoopla is we're trying to compete with netflix, right? And this is a really valid point that i'm sure nicole is trying to make before I stepped on her toes is We have indy flicks. I don't like anything on indy flicks hoopla is great, but like I want to watch Zootopia which just came out on netflix and i'm not using hoopla to do that So I have to supplement. I stream all of my digital content on my xbox Right now currently hoopla doesn't have an app although they're working on it So that's the number one way i stream is either through a smart tv or through my digital device And what the library has available doesn't make it easy for me unless I want to sit like in my bed with an ipad two inches from my face Well, I think we have to make a we have to have a discussion and make a decision Do we really need to compete with netflix? Are we ever going to be able to compete with netflix? Should we focus on more specialized things that we can do at santa claire county library? We have something called magichi tv. I don't know if anybody's heard of that anybody heard that Oh, okay, so wait one person. Oh, she probably works with you. They're from the county Okay So that's really cool because you can stream live performances from orchestras and symphonies from all over the world I see mouths dropping We have that Library cards are free What And it's only three thousand dollars. Look at them all not. This is the most important part that they've learned from this entire thing So I don't know if our investment should be more in those specialty things that the library can offer things that they can't Get anywhere else and we just say, you know netflix. We're not going to be able to compete with seven dollars a month Or however, it's like eight ninety nine ninety nine a month in the bottom. I mean, we're not going to be able to compete with that We just let netflix have their thing and we'll have other things and I think and What I like about hoopla though Is the graphic novels and the comic books that are on hoopla it is a great Way to stream those which is also something that we don't necessarily Have great access to it also has a wonderful music collection So while we think of hoopla as maybe the netflix for the library I think you're right. We need to come to that middle ground of this is important What other streaming services can we support so that we're something that's like an amalgam of streaming But we all understand that streaming is Or it's something we're gonna have to use a third party like overdrive or someone else is going to make the investment to Do the streaming and then we just latch on to that Next slide Oh, man, are we gonna have enough time for this one? I don't think I have time Would you give me like a seven minute six and a half five? It's five You haven't even reached five. This is actually like our q&a So here we go, uh red is you don't have it green is you do have it This is gonna be fast rapid fire. You guys got this ready This is for your library system Not personal not personal you cool kids with snapchat How many of your library systems have snapchat green yet? Oh, there's a few greens. How many of you guys have facebook? How many of you guys have google plus? No, look at them all like really quickly flip How many of you guys have a tumblr account? Tumblr is awesome twitter twitter reddit Instagram That one's the best Wait Pinterest Oh, that's a mixed bag LinkedIn Certainly after today everyone's getting a linkedin account with a very professional photograph Yeah of your library with like three instagram filters to make it look appealing So the question is and we've already asked it a bunch today How do you evaluate the right social media for you and everyone's like, how do I do it? What do I do? I think the answer has already kind of been said Focus on what works for you and your community I have a tumblr account, but I use it for my teen group So that's cool. Adults don't have to get to it. It's this totally separate medium and the teens run it for me And I used to like I used to print flyers for people to take Now all they do is take their phone out and take a picture So, you know, and that's something that I just Observations I make while working the reference. How many of you guys still work the reference desk? You can make so I like to people watch so, you know, it's kind of, you know, it's weird But I'm always looking to see, you know, what they're they're always taking pictures of flyers these days So you can learn a lot just from looking at the kids and it's mostly kids and teens Young adults and what they're doing and what's cool Well, here's a fun stack stats stacks of stats Um, so when social media first came out We're like, we can't get this because like older people won't know how to use a computer It's going to be terrible. They'll never get on social media Pew research, which is awesome People 65 and older social media has tripled for them So in 2005 only 2% of people over 65 were on social media in 2010 that went to 10% 2016 the number is currently 35% of people on social media are older than 65 So we're now moving to that social media. It's definitely a trend I can't ask you if it's a trend or a fad because It's a trend you have to have social media in your library But it's which ones do you choose and for me it's about staff and money And it's about your community about knowing what they're using to find out their information Um, everybody's always saying Facebook is old. Don't use Facebook. I use Facebook all the time people are always on Facebook Facebook is still the number one social media app in the world So if you have to pick one, but you guys all have facebook's ready, so yeah Um, this nice lady gave us like a five and she's like venturing on the one You push that button hurry. Let's get to the end of this. Oh my god. This is my favorite Uh once again never have me on a panel Um, is this even going the right way Cheryl? She's not paying attention to me. This is a Curve a marketing curve a meme apocalypse curve bell curve So basically your library doesn't have facebook. You're right here. Oh my god. I gotta catch them are Are Your library has facebook All right, your pippa You have a bunch of different social media and you post content on a regular basis and you have active users You get to be cat meme So When you look at the meme popular the meme Pocalypse bell most libraries sad to tell you Are in the middle You who are here you are probably over here But your library is over here And your goal and part of what futures tries to do is get you to take little baby steps this way How can I bring innovative and ideas to the other side? How can I introduce my library to them? Those are the innovators the middle is the adopters and the end are the laggers you know your system collection program development staffing social media How many of you guys let's let's see if anyone's honest in the crowd. How many of you guys are laggers? She raised her hand because she's nice Okay, how many of you guys are like the adopters you're kind of like in the middle Yeah, no be honest if you're late and you don't have a panel.  You think your library is doing amazing stuff that other people aren't doing and you're a trend setter and rock in the world Shouldn't have put rock in the world She's like no no as a system we have to agree No, don't Don't come back So what we try and do is libraries is a lot of us for financial reasons for staffing reasons We're in the middle and that's kind of where we live based on that. We don't have a cool Entire story floor. Thank you san francisco public for the mix But maybe we have a little tiny room where we shoved a 3d printer in a librarian and we're trying to do cool stuff So Oh, oh look references. I was sorry. No, that's okay. No, no. We only have like 30 seconds. She's gonna get mad at me. Um That was my thought you ruined it. I was so poignant Okay, so it allows you to keep up with your community Just because something is a fad does not mean it's a bad idea Just because pokemon go is going to crash and burn horribly doesn't mean you shouldn't have a cool It is going to burn. Um, just like necko at sumay just like candy crush before it Cat librarians like a thing. Um, it connects you to pop culture. It's what people are talking about We just spent five seconds this morning saying we're shushing librarians This gets us and gets people thinking about libraries in different ways. That's my mantra Think about the library in a different way. We don't just have books We have other cool stuff going on and how do we bring it to people? Um, the bell curve proactive Reactive as librarians. We want to be proactive Even if sometimes it doesn't work out instead of being reactive and then regretting our life choices like what I had for lunch It was good. It was okay. Okay. So after now that we're almost done Good because she's like getting angry. Okay. I'm gonna say one thing in closing Put up your paddle green if you're gonna go to your work and try a fad Just do it. Everyone do green I think that's um, that's Pure pressure. I it doesn't matter. We win. We win. Thank you a round of applause for our hostages I'm so so sorry if you have a paddle Everyone pass your paddle to the right if you're on this side pass it to the right my super awesome friend, andy He's a library assistant And this is heart this way this is like story time all over again Awesome. Thanks guys. We need those back. See us at cla if you want. I'm just stepping all over. Look at all this stuff I have up here


Welcome to Strings in the .NET Framework. In this learning activity, you'll learn how strings are implemented in the .NET Framework. When working with strings in C-sharp, it's important to realize what is happening under the hood. Otherwise, your application may have some unintended side effects. The string data type in C-sharp has some behaviors which aren't apparent at first. When writing C-sharp code, you can treat string variables just as you would any primitive variable. For example, say you start with a string variable and set it to the value something, then you declare another string variable and set it equal to the first. Later, if you decide to change the first variable's value, it won't have any effect on the second variable's value. This code behaves as if it were written using a primitive data type, such as an integer. The integer type, like all C-sharp primitive types, is a value type. A value type means the value is assigned to the variable itself. So in the last example, the value of 100 is assigned to the int1 variable. The next line of code assigns int1 to a new integer variable called int2. Since integers are value types, this really means the code assigns the current value of int1, 100, to the int2 variable. Therefore, the int2 variable also holds a value of 100. Then we assign a value of 50 to int1. Assigning a different value to int1 doesn't affect the assignment of any other variables. Therefore, the value of int2 remains 100. In our code, we have two integer variables declared. Our code allocates memory in the stack to store these variables. Since integers are value types, this means the integer values are stored with the variables in stack memory. If we go back to the first piece of code, it certainly looks like the same thing happened with our strings. And it effectively is. However, the technicalities under the hood are a bit different. The string type may appear to behave and act like the primitive types, but it is in fact much different. First, it's important to realize the string type is a reference type, not a value type. Reference types are not stored on the stack with the variable they're assigned to. Instead, reference types are stored in heap memory. What is stored with the variable on the stack is a reference to the actual value. The first line of code creates a new string. The string has the value something. Since strings are reference types, it's stored in the heap, not the stack. Therefore, our code allocates space somewhere in heap memory and stores something there. It then assigns a reference to that value to the string1 variable. The second line of code assigns string2 to string1. This time, the code won't create another string. Instead, it simply creates another reference to the same string value that the variable string1 refers to. This new reference is then assigned to the string2 variable. The next line of code creates a new string with the value of something else. This allocates enough space in the heap to store something else and assigns a reference to this new string to string1. It's important to remember strings are immutable. Immutable simply means they can't change, so you can't change a string once it's defined. Notice a new string is created to store something else. The existing string containing something is not modified. The immutability of strings makes them behave as if they were value types. This makes writing code using strings much more natural because they behave as expected. If strings were not immutable and in the past example the string value of something was changed to something else, then both string variables string1 and string2 would be equal to something else. This would be a strange and undesirable side effect when writing code using string types. The immutability of strings has some other not-so-nice side effects in certain situations. One such issue is with the concatenation of strings. Since string values can't change after they're created, concatenating one string to an existing string always results in the creation of a new string. A common example is displaying someone's full name when the person's first and last names are stored in two different variables. If the first name variable is given the value of Fred and the last name variable is given the value of Flintstone, when we concatenate the two strings together, we get a third string containing the value Fred Flintstone. This is pretty straightforward. In this example, we use three variables and three string values to get the full name. However, the resulting value squishes the first name and the last name together. Usually, we would want to add a space between the first and last name. Let's change the previous code to do just that. How many strings are used now? You might guess it's three strings, since there are still only three string variables. You might also guess four strings because we're using an additional string to hold the space between the first and last names. Regardless if you've guessed three or four, you're incorrect. This bit of code actually uses five strings to get our value, because strings are immutable, so we can't change any of our strings. We're using the strings Fred, Flintstone, a space, and a string to hold onto the results. So where is the fifth string? It has to do with string concatenation. String concatenation is a strictly binary operation. Binary in this case doesn't mean we have to think about the ones and zeros that make up pretty much everything in the computer. A binary operation is a simple operation that works with two inputs resulting in a single outcome. For example, addition 1 plus 1 equals 2. This means in the line of code where we concatenate the strings together, we actually concatenate two strings together twice. First, we concatenate first name with the space string literal, which results in a new string created on the heap. This new intermediate string is then concatenated with last name, which results in another new string. This time, the resulting string is also assigned to the full name variable. Notice how during this process two additional strings are allocated in heap memory even though they aren't assigned to any variable. Whenever a string is allocated in the heap, the system uses some memory to store it. Technically, a string is a collection of char objects. Each char object occupies two bytes in memory. So how many bytes in memory does a string occupy? A string occupies two times the number of characters, plus some overhead, about 20 bytes. The .NET framework limits the string size to 2 gigabytes, which is about 1 billion characters. In our previous example, we stored an intermediate string with the value of Fred. The string used additional resources from the system. In this situation, we allocated an additional 30 bytes for this intermediate string. Do we really need to be concerned about this additional memory? Unless you're coding in some specific conditions, such as an embedded system, this amount is negligible. Also, since the .NET framework uses a garbage collector, the additional 30 bytes are freed by the garbage collector sometime after our method returns. Typically, the additional space needed for intermediate values isn't of much concern, as the amount of space allocated is negligible. However, there are several gotcha situations where string concatenation needs to allocate considerably larger amounts of memory for intermediate values, that can quickly use all of the system's memory. Usually these gotcha situations happen when looping over a collection and building a string from that collection. Congratulations! You've completed strings in the .NET framework.


Sam here with late sports car driven 22 tops chrome f1 racing hobby six-box break number eight Random team style here's looking at your random results As always you can find these on the website under the results tab as well as the link in the chat It's good luck here everybody see what we got. We had a really good first half case So let's see like a crazy auto come out of this. That'd be awesome Gold Lewis Hamilton or something? That would be sick We had three autos last half case usually it's like one every two boxes. I feel like you get I'm good luck here guys Normalize the volume on the video during break like their commercial are you saying?  That's like 99 and lower like because we got I think we'll get enough gold and stuff Marcus Armstrong There's Yuki Sunoda Refractor there's Carlos signs For Ferrari, there's purple Carlos signs that is the dual refractor Valtteri Botas Zaw Guan Yu Lots for just for the commercial Sergio Perez refractor there's Alexander albam Speed demons that guy right there. He needs some help Max Verstappen Grand Prix and is that like purple or pink? That's not gonna be pink refractor Voltaire Botas 275 nice one there for Alpha Romero, there's Kailin Williams checkered flag ex-fractor Lance Strolls speed demons Refractor Kevin Magnusson Mess Rookie Zaw Guan Yu on the refractor Alexander Alban Williams racing refractor George Russell on the refractor Lewis Hamilton just that pink the one coming up next that's the only one there is other numbered but the not Not recap. Yeah, Sebastian Vettel Lewis Hamilton and George Russell box number two Yeah, yeah 2020 2020 chrome There's Lando Norris McLaren, where'd you get it? Sergio Perez Max Verstappen Max Verstappen refractor Yeah, shout out Jay hit that like button you guys are enjoying the stream let's go refractor Enzo finipaldi Sergio Perez Ex-factor and George Russell. I'm assuming that means that we are you are gonna have to be there for signature Jay would be my guess if it says indirect signature Fernando Alonso shoot us an email really quick too. I could forward it over to sorting and shipping a lot of damage on this Dennis Hozier you can see like the creases on it send them the boxing wrapper with Who is this? Prima all right chill chill chill chill chill chill chill with that chill with that one chill Hundred likes in the hostile straight-up drop tray. Oh, no no no no no no start disliking We got an orange Nicholas Latifi of total wolf Interesting that's that is an error That's Lewis Hamilton on the back total wolf on the front on the orange I guess we'll send it up the box and wrapper with Mercedes. That's interesting So it's Lewis Hamilton on the back and total wolf on the front All right. Well, let's send it up the box and wrapper there too. We had a box Strange Very strange. I said came on the back out.  You can still recap it Voltaire Botas Yuki Sunoda speed demons Frederick Basour and Ralph Beauchamp to 2.99 on the mini diamonds Roy Nisany nor Roy Nisani Logan Sargent future stars to 1.99 Right. I was gonna say half that Kate half that card the the Lewis Hamilton orange with the total wolf on the back is somewhere else Max Verstappen Grand Prix Boothers signer for Haas No, no, no, no, no Ricardo of one place Okay, anything anymore purple Cham bullock Boschie There's Lewis Hamilton for Formula one award winners, I guess we're gonna go from there. What? Oh Don't get pepperoni nobody Nobody ate it last night. Oh, yeah, do what do you want? So so I'll speak to you one other toppings Sergio Perez Entrez Cytal 55 minutes in the stream already over There's Marcus Armstrong formerly won all future stars silver Sergio Perez Yeah, that's a go on pure ghastly Yuki Sunoda take a couple warning labels off the top and to happen here Winners is Mercedes one slice Get away from me Teo Porsche or Theo Porsche there's not somewhere you could see it But I could let you know Martin where you are in queue if you want Sebastian Vettel. There's a gold Sergio Perez to 50 for Red Bull Congrats on that Red Bull Get that mag for you. Yeah, I saw that. I think you're like third or fourth in queue after group breaks are over tonight Martin Let's go Martin Anyone Fernando Alonzo. It's gonna be fun, man. Let's go Daniel Ricardo speed demons Yuki Sunoda Purple Guter Steiner to 399 Max Verstappen Grand Prix babies Sergio Perez refractor there's Ali Caldwell to 199 Max Verstappen that is the multicolored Carlos signs at Charles the clerk We have NASCAR. We have like some prism racing in stock If you're interested in that late in sports cards calm for Nando Alonzo We have like eight or nine boxes left of prism racing. We had a couple cases and sold a lot of it, honestly Are you move you wassa late in sports cards calm Go to the personals tab Sebastian Vettel Lance Shrull Tons of spots again, dude What are we at now? But I think we're sold out on everything except XR We have three breaks with Oscar Piastri. I Think for prism racing. It's 150 a box 150 a box ripped or shipped Hey guys, we're down to just three group breaks with spots left unreal man It's my favorite guy. Ah, I Don't know. I like I like Lance Stroll. I like out for our Aston Martin. They're probably my favorite team The Lance Stroll and I liked Vettel before he retired Fernando Alonzo Esteban O'Conn Auto coming up here. It's gonna be green Sebastian Vettel of Chema bullet Bashee nice one there for That is Sherry or Shirau's racing that is going to Sean L congrats Sean Louis Hamilton, Louis Hamilton's awesome. So I like Louis Hamilton Obviously one of the probably the best F1 driver of all time Lou Ham refractor and Oscar Piastri Let me see that Louis Hamilton, that's like a grand prix I Usually don't get to refractors in one pack. I know Jeremy.  I know that Let's go Jeremy is Lou Ham on the Checkered flag refractor Louis Louis Hamilton again on the speed demons for all those signs refractor Whoa You guys know some boys. I hope you guys are boys. It's about our Esteban O'Conn. So I had to choose. Yeah No, Ricardo really Charles Claire what happened to him and he retired as well. We are on for you guys. We are Unfortunately William Lawson. That's funny. That's Sean's fire. Yeah, I was gonna say Jeremy catching strays, but now it makes sense. Now.  I'm not Canadian pure ghastly Yeah, he is I strictly chose my F1 team because I didn't want to pay I didn't want to take Like well, I don't want to pick Red Bull or Mercedes and be like a bandwagon And I like I like Aston Martin cars a lot. So that's how I got Aston Martin Sergio Perez Too far to not number it on the just on the refractor Change your diaper there's pure ghastly Okay, Spider-Man water bottle No, you have one of those Yes, you do Dennis Hauser and Kevin Magnusson to 2.99. Oh He's a reserve driver for Mercedes. Gotcha. Gotcha. Gotcha. He's troll behind. He's a doofus There's Daniel Ricardo Purple Sergio Perez to 3.99 Charles a clerk refractor. I don't learn more about F1 I don't know. I can't sit down and watch an F1 race. It's just I want to be able to it's just I lose the tension too quickly There's Kevin Magnusson. Do you watch F1? Yeah You probably have the same issue Ooh red, but I know nope. I'm not doing it until I turn around. Yeah, that's a troll right there Did they get you again? They almost got me. Let me see. Oh, yeah, look. That's the duel Lewis Hamilton George Russell prez. I like prez do and Voltaire Botas out on you. Yeah, dude. We're down to 1 4 and 8 Unbelievable that's You Landstroll speed demons Kayla our Callan Williams silver and Dennis how's your 2 3.99 on the purple Marcus It's my Hamlin apparently he said that Esban O'Conn He opened his eyes. He's responding and he asked in writing who won the game.  You don't want emails getting sent This is something you'd put in my crack Let's go. Landon or speed demons Yeah, my crack just gained two new fans today. No no supers yet. No orange Carlos signs That's not an orange. That's the orange duel. They did it twice in one box to me Silver mixed Schumacher Kevin Magnusson Stinger that is a stinger Green coming up here Voltaire Botas and that is Daniel Ricardo very nice to 99 For McLaren all he called well refractor you can see note up refractor That guy's sorry again. Just chat. Uh, jq's Amster foot refractor Nicholas Latifi and Albon Praktor Alexander Obann and a Carlos signs to 299 many diamonds for Ferrari Marcus Armstrong future stars refractor Louis Hamilton Grand Prix refractor. There's George Russell Non-variation Max Verstappen Sergio Perez There's Marcus Armstrong and Dennis Hauser on the auto congrats on that going to Prima Or Prima Prima slash Prima is Derek T. That is not number. No on the checker flag X Fractor and Max Verstappen speed demons It's like the one below it. Yeah, like we're guys like it's like the miners kind kind of to some degree If I don't know if Jeremy or who else is talking about F1 Ken or Jeremy F2. Is that essentially like the the lower level of formula? Because I think there's like F3 and stuff to 2026 will be a new race team. Oh, Audi Audi's getting a race team Chris was telling me Christian was saying that Cadillac trying to get into the one. Yeah Yeah, F2 is right below. Yeah. Yeah, and there's F3 too Johan Daravula Surprise, there's no F3 cards to be honest Landau Doris W-series F4 F3 F2 F1 Sebastian Vetzel, Lance Stroll. Oh, W-series is women's got your women's series F4 F3 F2 F1 There's Theo Porcher Fernando Alonzo. Is that the same teams in F3 and F2 or are they different teams as well? Make Schumacher refractor. We got a gold. Carlos Sainz. Nice one there for Ferrari 47 out of 50 Congrats on that. Who's got Ferrari? That's Ethan S So it's the same teams or I don't know. I forgot what if I asked if it was same or different here at Ghastly Different teams, gotcha Silver speed demons is Yuki Sunoda. Different teams Mo Chivers and F3 are above and major teams Okay, gotcha gotcha Sergio Perez so theoretically like if you had so if I were like the owner of Ferrari and there was like this up-and-coming driver since I have What's his name? I have Verstappen and I forget the Red Bulls other guy. Well Sam say I'm Ferrari and say I have signs and What's his name in Leclerc? And I there's like an up-and-coming driver I can I like put him in F2 essentially or like he'll race in F2, but it'll come up and be Ferrari eventually I think too you have each each team has two cars enough more race in each race. Yes separate now in each race this week Verstappen There's nice Barcelona That's awesome, dude That's so sick. I what are these called again? These are the art the art do grand nice one. There is your case. It's right here We'll get that magged up I think that's got to be a random right there. Yeah, that'll go to random to everybody There's not a spot. They'll part ways usually they sign with partner teams before even have to wow Esteban Ocon Alexander Alban Like the Oscar Piaz tri saga gotcha Silver Lewis Hamilton speed demons Silver Charles clerk purple is Enzo for the Paul D to 199 for charades racing system Kevin Magnusson refractor purple Fernando Alonzo to 399 silver Jack Doohan Zavuan you rookie Marcus Armstrong purple green Silver Latifi and Alban and last pack before we do our random and our recap There's Verstappen Sergio Perez That would do it for the break guys gonna do a quick set up a quick random for the case hits of art do Grand Prix That is for Barcelona. Very cool card Steven Adams isn't 30 yet Okay, that's that's freaky dude. That is really actually freaky All right, let me I'm just gonna put everybody's name into this one instead of doing teams because it's a little bit easier I don't have to make Shawn write these. Yeah, these will be going to personals as both the rip it and ship it So Lane told me Ken that the shipment we have in right now that we opened today That was just for group breaks and this one is and then when the next shipment comes in it'll be group breaks And it'll be personals Take it over to the random gonna roll the dice whatever team is on top after whatever name after 11 times We'll get the case hit. Good luck guys one two three four five six seven eight nine ten 11 going up here Oliver B pure dash Oliver B. All right. We got our recap coming up now We had a Dennis. How's your rookie Danny Ricardo to 99? Chem Bullock Bashi to 99 on the auto Voltaire Botas to 75 gold my crack gold Carlos signs total wolf with the Lewis Hamilton on the back the error card Orange to 25 and gold Sergio Perez I'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill next up top scrum update baseball